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Zhao R, Teng X, Yang Y. Calpain as a Therapeutic Target for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:533-540. [PMID: 37642934 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a complex pathophysiological process with multiple links and factors. It involves the interaction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose metabolism, and results in acute and even long-term brain damage and impairment of brain function. Calpain is a family of Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate cellular function. Calpain activation is involved in cerebral ischemic injury, and this involvement is achieved by the interaction among Ca2+, substrates, organelles, and multiple proteases in the neuronal necrosis and apoptosis pathways after cerebral ischemia. Many calpain inhibitors have been developed and tested in the biochemical and biomedical fields. This study reviewed the potential role of calpain in the treatment of HIE and related mechanism, providing new insights for future research on HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiufei Teng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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2
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BOSKABADI H, ZAKERIHAMIDI M, GHAYOUR MOBARHAN M, BAGHERI F, MORADI A, BEIRAGHI TOOSI M. Comparison of new biomarkers in the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2023; 17:99-110. [PMID: 36721830 PMCID: PMC9881829 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.38561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Precise and early diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia may improve outcomes. Recent studies aim to identify diagnostic biomarkers in neonates at risk for brain damage. The current study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of new biomarkers for neonatal asphyxia. Materials & Methods This prospective study was conducted with an available sampling of infants upper 35 weeks of gestational age, including neonates with asphyxia (case group) and healthy controls, 2014-2022, in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Data collection was performed utilizing a researcher-made questionnaire, including maternal and neonatal characteristics, as well as clinical and laboratory evaluation. Serum umbilical cord levels of interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1-beta (IL- 1β), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), as well as nucleated red blood cells count (NRBC), were determined. Data were analyzed by t-test, Chi-square, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and regression models. Results The differences in variables IL6, IL1β, PAB, NRBC/100WBC, and HSP70 were statistically significant between the two groups (in all cases, P<0.0001). In the diagnosis of asphyxia, the most sensitive marker (89%) was IL1β more than 2.39 pg/ml and HSP 70 upper than 0.23 ng/ml, while IL6 was higher than 9pg/ml, determined as the most specific marker (85%). Furthermore, a combination of HSP + PAB and IL6 + lL1b + PAB + NRBC/100WBC possesses the prediction power of 93.2% and 87.3%, respectively, for diagnosing asphyxia. Conclusion According to data analysis, the combination of new biochemical markers (NRBC count, IL6, IL1β, PAB, and HSP 70) could be a reliable marker for diagnosing infants with asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan BOSKABADI
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam ZAKERIHAMIDI
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Majid GHAYOUR MOBARHAN
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh BAGHERI
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and midwifery, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali MORADI
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran BEIRAGHI TOOSI
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Hu J, Ananth D, Sethi SK, Taliwal N, Govindan S, Raina R. Neonatal AKI: An update. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:361-373. [PMID: 37718869 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit, that is associated with long term consequences and poor outcomes. Early detection and treatment is critical. Currently, neonatal AKI is defined with urinary markers and serum creatinine, with limitations on early detection and individual treatment. There have been numerous biomarkers and risk factor scores that have been studied for their ability to predict neonatal AKI. To move towards personalized medicine, neonatal AKI must be categorized into phenotypes and subphenotypes that fully encapsulate the diverse causes and specific treatments. This review aims to advance our understanding of neonatal AKI detection through the use of biomarkers, subphenotypes, and phenotypes to move towards personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - D Ananth
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - S K Sethi
- Pediatric Nephrology & Pediatric Kidney Transplantation, Kidney and Urology Institute, Medanta, The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - N Taliwal
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA
| | - S Govindan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta's Hospitals, Chetpet and Vellapanchavadi, Chennai, India
| | - R Raina
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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Yuan M, Jin X, Qin F, Zhang X, Wang X, Yuan E, Shi Y, Xu F. The association of γδT lymphocytes with cystic leukomalacia in premature infants. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1043142. [PMID: 36530609 PMCID: PMC9755680 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1043142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is an essential cause of cerebral palsy in preterm infants, and cystic PVL (cPVL) is the most severe form of the disease. The pathogenesis of cPVL is complex, and immune imbalances and inflammatory responses may play an essential role in it. Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, especially γδT cells with the pathogenesis of cPVL in preterm infants. Methods Peripheral blood from preterm infants with GA < 32 weeks and BW < 1,500 g was used in this study and was collected at 34 weeks corrected gestational age and within 24 h after the diagnosis with cranial MRI or cranial ultrasound. The infants were divided into cPVL groups and control groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood γδT, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and the proportion of total lymphocytes. Multiplex cell assays were used to detect the concentration of extracellular serum cytokines IL-6, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-10, IL-1RA, eotaxin (CCL11), MCP-1 (CCL2), CXCL1, G-CSF, and IFNγ. A follow-up visit was carried out when the patient was 3 years old. Results After correcting for confounding factors, the proportion of peripheral blood γδT in the cPVL group was significantly lower than that in the control group (β: 0.216; 95% CI: 0.058-0.800, P < 0.022). Peripheral blood γδT (AUC: 0.722, P=0.006) and multivariate binary regression model (AUC: 0.865, P < 0.000) have good diagnostic values for cPVL. Peripheral blood γδT has some predictive power for neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants (AUC: 0.743, P = 0.002). Conclusion It seems that peripheral blood γδT cells are inversely correlated with cPVL, which is not only a risk factor for cPVL disease but also neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. However, the causality of cPVL and various lymphocytes is unclear and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyun Jin
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanyue Qin
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Enwu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Falin Xu
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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5
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The Usefulness of Serum Brain Damage Biomarkers in Detection and Evaluation of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Calves with Perinatal Asphyxia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223223. [PMID: 36428450 PMCID: PMC9686605 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine hypoxic brain damage in calves with perinatal asphyxia using brain-specific damage biomarkers. Ten healthy and 25 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination, neurological status score, and laboratory analysis were performed at admission, 24, 48, and 72 h. Serum concentrations of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolysis 1 (UCHL1), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), adrenomodullin (ADM), activitin A (ACTA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and creatine kinase-brain (CK-B) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain tissue were performed in 13 nonsurvivor calves. The neurological status score of the calves with asphyxia was significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Mix metabolic-respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were detected in calves with asphyxia. Serum UCHL1 and S100B were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and NSE, ACTA, ADM, and CK-B were decreased (p < 0.05) in calves with asphyxia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the development of mild to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In conclusion, asphyxia and hypoxemia caused hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in perinatal calves. UCHL1 and S100B concentrations were found to be useful markers for the determination of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Neurological status scores and some blood gas parameters were helpful in mortality prediction.
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Zhang S, Wang R, Wang J, He Z, Wu J, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Gao H, Hu X, Zhang T. Differentiate preterm and term infant brains and characterize the corresponding biomarkers via DICCCOL-based multi-modality graph neural networks. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951508. [PMID: 36312010 PMCID: PMC9614033 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a worldwide problem that affects infants throughout their lives significantly. Therefore, differentiating brain disorders, and further identifying and characterizing the corresponding biomarkers are key issues to investigate the effects of preterm birth, which facilitates the interventions for neuroprotection and improves outcomes of prematurity. Until now, many efforts have been made to study the effects of preterm birth; however, most of the studies merely focus on either functional or structural perspective. In addition, an effective framework not only jointly studies the brain function and structure at a group-level, but also retains the individual differences among the subjects. In this study, a novel dense individualized and common connectivity-based cortical landmarks (DICCCOL)-based multi-modality graph neural networks (DM-GNN) framework is proposed to differentiate preterm and term infant brains and characterize the corresponding biomarkers. This framework adopts the DICCCOL system as the initialized graph node of GNN for each subject, utilizing both functional and structural profiles and effectively retaining the individual differences. To be specific, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain provides the features for the graph nodes, and brain fiber connectivity is utilized as the structural representation of the graph edges. Self-attention graph pooling (SAGPOOL)-based GNN is then applied to jointly study the function and structure of the brain and identify the biomarkers. Our results successfully demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively differentiate the preterm and term infant brains. Furthermore, the self-attention-based mechanism can accurately calculate the attention score and recognize the most significant biomarkers. In this study, not only 87.6% classification accuracy is observed for the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) dataset, but also distinguishing features are explored and extracted. Our study provides a novel and uniform framework to differentiate brain disorders and characterize the corresponding biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Zhang
| | - Ruoyang Wang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junxin Wang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinru Wu
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqing Kang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Gao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xintao Hu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Tuo Zhang
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7
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Starodubtseva NL, Eldarov C, Kirtbaya AR, Balashova EN, Gryzunova AS, Ionov OV, Zubkov VV, Silachev DN. Recent advances in diagnostics of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) depends on early differential diagnosis for justified administration of emergency therapeutic hypothermia. The moment of therapy initiation directly affects the long-term neurological outcome: the earlier the commencement, the better the prognosis. This review analyzes recent advances in systems biology that facilitate early differential diagnosis of HIE as a pivotal complement to clinical indicators. We discuss the possibilities of clinical translation for proteomic, metabolomic and extracellular vesicle patterns characteristic of HIE and correlations with severity and prognosis. Identification and use of selective biomarkers of brain damage in neonates during the first hours of life is hindered by systemic effects of hypoxia. Chromatography– mass spectrometry blood tests allow analyzing hundreds and thousands of metabolites in a small biological sample to identify characteristic signatures of brain damage. Clinical use of advanced analytical techniques will facilitate the accurate and timely diagnosis of HIE for enhanced management.
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Affiliation(s)
- NL Starodubtseva
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - ChM Eldarov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - AR Kirtbaya
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - EN Balashova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - AS Gryzunova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - OV Ionov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VV Zubkov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - DN Silachev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Siahanidou T, Spiliopoulou C. Pharmacological Neuroprotection of the Preterm Brain: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:479-491. [PMID: 32961562 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in viability, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm babies remain serious concern as a significant percentage of these infants develop neurological and/or intellectual impairment, and they are also at increased risk of psychiatric illnesses later in life. The current challenge is to develop neuroprotective approaches to improve adverse outcomes in preterm survivors. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the current evidence on pharmacological agents targeting the neuroprotection of the preterm brain. Among them, magnesium sulfate, given antenatally to pregnant women with imminent preterm birth before 30 to 34 weeks of gestation, as well as caffeine administered to preterm infants after birth, exhibited neuroprotective effects for human preterm brain. Erythropoietin treatment of preterm infants did not result in neuroprotection at 2 years of age in two out of three published large randomized controlled trials; however, long-term follow-up of these infants is needed to come to definite conclusions. Further studies are also required to assess whether melatonin, neurosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, allopurinol, or dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acids, choline, curcumin, etc.) could be implemented as neuroprotectants in clinical practice. Furthermore, other pharmacological agents showing promising signs of neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical studies (growth factors, hyaluronidase inhibitors or treatment, antidiabetic drugs, cannabidiol, histamine-H3 receptor antagonists, etc.), as well as stem cell- or exosomal-based therapies and nanomedicine, may prove useful in the future as potential neuroprotective approaches for human preterm brain. KEY POINTS: · Magnesium and caffeine have neuroprotective effects for the preterm brain.. · Follow-up of infants treated with erythropoietin is needed.. · Neuroprotective efficacy of several drugs in animals needs to be shown in humans..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Siahanidou
- Neonatal Unit of the First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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Holste KG, Xia F, Ye F, Keep RF, Xi G. Mechanisms of neuroinflammation in hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage: a review. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35365172 PMCID: PMC8973639 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both neonatal and adult populations. IVH not only causes immediate damage to surrounding structures by way of mass effect and elevated intracranial pressure; the subsequent inflammation causes additional brain injury and edema. Of those neonates who experience severe IVH, 25-30% will go on to develop post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). PHH places neonates and adults at risk for white matter injury, seizures, and death. Unfortunately, the molecular determinants of PHH are not well understood. Within the past decade an emphasis has been placed on neuroinflammation in IVH and PHH. More information has come to light regarding inflammation-induced fibrosis and cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in response to IVH. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of neuroinflammation involving clot-derived neuroinflammatory factors including hemoglobin/iron, peroxiredoxin-2 and thrombin, as well as macrophages/microglia, cytokines and complement in the development of PHH. Understanding the mechanisms of neuroinflammation after IVH may highlight potential novel therapeutic targets for PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Holste
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3470 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA.
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3470 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3470 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3470 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 3470 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA.
- , 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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10
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The neurobiology of non-coding RNAs and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Pathways, mechanisms and translational opportunities. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101425. [PMID: 34384901 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, advances in sequencing technology and analysis of the human and mouse genome have led to the discovery of many non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including: microRNA, small-interfering RNAs, piwi-associated small RNAs, transfer RNA-derived small RNAs, long-non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. Compared with healthy controls, levels of some ncRNAs are significantly altered in the central nervous system and blood of patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the mechanisms are still not fully elucidated, studies have revealed that these highly conserved ncRNAs are important modulators of gene expression, amyloid-β production, tau phosphorylation, inflammation, synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, all features considered central to AD pathogenesis. Despite considerable difficulties due to their large heterogeneity, and the complexity of their regulatory pathways, research in this rapidly growing field suggests that ncRNAs hold great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets against AD. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the neurobiology of ncRNA in the context of AD pathophysiology.
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11
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Goracke-Postle CJ, Burkitt CC, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Ehrhardt M, Wilcox GL, Graupman P, Partington M, Symons FJ. Expression of and correlational patterns among neuroinflammatory, neuropeptide, and neuroendocrine molecules from cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral palsy. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:384. [PMID: 34607558 PMCID: PMC8489087 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The underlying pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP) remains poorly understood. The possibility of an early inflammatory response after acute insult is of increasing interest. Patterns of inflammatory and related biomarkers are emerging as potential early diagnostic markers for understanding the etiologic diversity of CP. Their presence has been investigated in plasma and umbilical cord blood but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods A clinical CP sample was recruited using a single-time point cross-sectional design to collect CSF at point-of-care during a standard-of-care surgical procedure (intrathecal pump implant). Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were sourced from medical chart audit. Results Significant (p ≤ 0.001) associations were found among neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine, and nociceptive analytes with association patterns varying by birth status (term, preterm, extremely preterm). When between birth-group correlations were compared directly, there was a significant difference between preterm and extremely preterm birth subgroups for the correlation between tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and substance P. Conclusion This investigation shows that CSF can be used to study proteins in CP patients. Differences in inter-correlational patterns among analytes varying by birth status underscores the importance of considering birth status in relation to possible mechanistic differences as indicated by biomarker signatures. Future work should be oriented toward prognostic and predictive validity to continue to parse the heterogeneity of CP’s presentation, pathophysiology, and response to treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02333-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantel C Burkitt
- Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, Saint Paul, MN, 55101, USA
| | | | - Michael Ehrhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - George L Wilcox
- Departments of Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Patrick Graupman
- Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, Saint Paul, MN, 55101, USA
| | | | - Frank J Symons
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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12
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Wang C, Wang X, Tan C, Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xiao G. Novel therapeutics for hydrocephalus: Insights from animal models. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1012-1022. [PMID: 34151523 PMCID: PMC8339528 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a cerebrospinal fluid physiological disorder that causes ventricular dilation with normal or high intracranial pressure. The current regular treatment for hydrocephalus is cerebrospinal fluid shunting, which is frequently related to failure and complications. Meanwhile, considering that the current nonsurgical treatments of hydrocephalus can only relieve the symptoms but cannot eliminate this complication caused by primary brain injuries, the exploration of more effective therapies has become the focus for many researchers. In this article, the current research status and progress of nonsurgical treatment in animal models of hydrocephalus are reviewed to provide new orientations for animal research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansen Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric NeurosurgeryXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Changwu Tan
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of NeurosurgeryHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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13
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Egesa WI, Odoch S, Odong RJ, Nakalema G, Asiimwe D, Ekuk E, Twesigemukama S, Turyasiima M, Lokengama RK, Waibi WM, Abdirashid S, Kajoba D, Kumbakulu PK. Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Tale of Preterm Infants. Int J Pediatr 2021; 2021:6622598. [PMID: 33815512 PMCID: PMC7987455 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a common intracranial complication in preterm infants, especially those born before 32 weeks of gestation and very-low-birth-weight infants. Hemorrhage originates in the fragile capillary network of the subependymal germinal matrix of the developing brain and may disrupt the ependymal lining and progress into the lateral cerebral ventricle. GM-IVH is associated with increased mortality and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes such as posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, severe cognitive impairment, and visual and hearing impairment. Most affected neonates are asymptomatic, and thus, diagnosis is usually made using real-time transfontanellar ultrasound. The present review provides a synopsis of the pathogenesis, grading, incidence, risk factors, and diagnosis of GM-IVH in preterm neonates. We explore brief literature related to outcomes, management interventions, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological prevention strategies for GM-IVH and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walufu Ivan Egesa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Simon Odoch
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Richard Justin Odong
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Gloria Nakalema
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Daniel Asiimwe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Eddymond Ekuk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda
| | - Sabinah Twesigemukama
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Munanura Turyasiima
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Rachel Kwambele Lokengama
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - William Mugowa Waibi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Said Abdirashid
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Dickson Kajoba
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kumbowi Kumbakulu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
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El Damaty A, Giannoni L, Unterberg A, Baechli H. Thrombocytopenia: is it a prognostic factor for development of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in neonates? Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:519-527. [PMID: 32661644 PMCID: PMC7358285 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a rare but serious complication among premature babies in the neonatal intensive care unit. The causes of PHH are still not entirely understood, and its prevention and treatment are controversial. We tried to analyze the risk factors for such complication in our cohort. METHODS We reviewed our neonatology data bank and included all preterms below 28 weeks who were born in the period between 1999 and 2014 and suffered from an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). We reviewed gestational age, gender, birth weight, type of birth, IVH degree, comorbidities, therapy, complications, time to event, protein content of cerebrospinal fluid, and clinical follow-up. RESULTS We identified 180 patients, divided into two subgroups, "B1" with 37 cases (IVH + PHH) and "B2" with 143 cases (IVH - PHH). In group B1, the presence of IVH grades I, II, III, or IV was in 11%, 19%, and 70% respectively. Nineteen patients were treated with a ventricular access device (VAD) or external ventricular drain (EVD). A total of 20 shunts were implanted, with 11 revisions (55%). One patient suffered from thrombocytopenia. In subgroup B2, 51% showed IVH grade I, whereas severe IVH grades were only present in 22%. 25.9% suffered from thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in patients who did not develop PHH (p value: 0.002). CONCLUSION According to our results, thrombocytopenia could play a decisive role in avoiding development of PHH as a sequel of IVH. We recommend a randomized controlled trial to assess the possible efficacy of antiplatelet drugs in avoiding PHH in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Damaty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Luca Giannoni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Baechli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Coviello C, Perrone S, Buonocore G, Negro S, Longini M, Dani C, de Vries LS, Groenendaal F, Vijlbrief DC, Benders MJNL, Tataranno ML. Isoprostanes as Biomarker for White Matter Injury in Extremely Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 8:618622. [PMID: 33585368 PMCID: PMC7874160 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.618622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Preterm white matter is vulnerable to lipid peroxidation-mediated injury. F2-isoprostanes (IPs), are a useful biomarker for lipid peroxidation. Aim was to assess the association between early peri-postnatal IPs, white matter injury (WMI) at term equivalent age (TEA), and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. Methods: Infants with a gestational age (GA) below 28 weeks who had an MRI at TEA were included. IPs were measured in cord blood (cb) at birth and on plasma (pl) between 24 and 48 h after birth. WMI was assessed using Woodward MRI scoring system. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between IPs with WMI and then with BSITD-III scores at 24 months corrected age (CA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of pl-IPs for the development of WMI. Results: Forty-four patients were included. cb-IPs were not correlated with WMI score at TEA, whereas higher pl-IPs and lower GA predicted higher WMI score (p = 0.037 and 0.006, respectively) after controlling for GA, FiO2 at sampling and severity of IVH. The area under the curve was 0.72 (CI 95% = 0.51-0.92). The pl-IPs levels plotted curve indicated that 31.8 pg/ml had the best predictive threshold with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 60%, to discriminate newborns with any WMI from newborns without WMI. IPs were not associated with outcome at 24 months. Conclusion: Early measurement of pl-IPs may help discriminate patients showing abnormal WMI score at TEA, thus representing an early biomarker to identify newborns at risk for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Coviello
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serafina Perrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Negro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariangela Longini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda S. de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris Groenendaal
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel C. Vijlbrief
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon J. N. L. Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Tataranno
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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16
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Vaes JEG, Brandt MJV, Wanders N, Benders MJNL, de Theije CGM, Gressens P, Nijboer CH. The impact of trophic and immunomodulatory factors on oligodendrocyte maturation: Potential treatments for encephalopathy of prematurity. Glia 2020; 69:1311-1340. [PMID: 33595855 PMCID: PMC8246971 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, causing neurodevelopmental adversities that can lead to lifelong impairments. Preterm birth-related insults, such as cerebral oxygen fluctuations and perinatal inflammation, are believed to negatively impact brain development, leading to a range of brain abnormalities. Diffuse white matter injury is a major hallmark of EoP and characterized by widespread hypomyelination, the result of disturbances in oligodendrocyte lineage development. At present, there are no treatment options available, despite the enormous burden of EoP on patients, their families, and society. Over the years, research in the field of neonatal brain injury and other white matter pathologies has led to the identification of several promising trophic factors and cytokines that contribute to the survival and maturation of oligodendrocytes, and/or dampening neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on selected factors and their therapeutic potential to combat EoP, covering a wide range of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we offer a future perspective on the translatability of these factors into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrna J V Brandt
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki Wanders
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Xu J, Li H, Huang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang C, Wu B, Liu L, Kong Q, Huang J, Liu W, Ye X, Chen G. Erythropoietin Gene Polymorphism rs551238 is Associated with a Reduced Susceptibility to Brain Injury in Preterm Infants. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:335-339. [PMID: 31612832 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191014120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Erythropoietin (EPO) promoter region have been shown to influence EPO protein expression, and high blood levels of EPO are associated with an increased risk of brain injury in very preterm infants. Here, we investigated the genotype distributions and association of three EPO gene polymorphisms (rs1617640, rs551238, and rs507392) with the risk of brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS 304 preterm infants with a gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was evaluated by brain ultrasound and MRI examination. EPO gene Single- Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY system, and their association with brain injury susceptibility in preterm infants was analyzed. RESULTS EPO polymorphism rs551238 showed a significant difference in the genotypic distributions between the brain injury group and the control group, and was significantly correlated with reduced susceptibility to brain injury in preterm infants according to the results obtained from both the additive model (OR = 0.520, 95% CI: 0.339-0.799, P = 0.003) and the dominant model (OR = 0.523, 95% CI: 0.332-0.853, P = 0.009). EPO polymorphisms rs1617640 and rs507392 did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the study population (P < 0.05) and were, thus, not subjected to further analysis for their impacts on brain injuries. CONCLUSION The "C" allele of rs551238 was correlated with a reduced risk of brain injury in preterm infants which may serve as a potential marker for brain injury prediction in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xu
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Jinjie Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Zhangxing Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Chuanzhong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Benqing Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Guangfu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
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18
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Metallinou D, Karampas G, Nyktari G, Iacovidou N, Lykeridou K, Rizos D. S100B as a biomarker of brain injury in premature neonates. A prospective case - control longitudinal study. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:781-786. [PMID: 32941837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a serious adverse outcome in premature neonates. We sought to determine the levels and prognostic value of serum S100B during the first three days of life in premature neonates (<34 weeks) that later developed NBI in the form of either intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). METHODS This is a prospective case - control longitudinal study. Each case (n = 29) was matched according to birthweight and gestational age to one neonate with normal head ultrasound scans. RESULTS Neonates with NBI, had significantly higher S100B concentration during the first three days of life. In both groups S100B was significantly higher on the first day when compared to the next two days of life showing a downwards trend. Serum S100B on the first day was the best predictor for adverse neonatal outcome such as death or II-IV IVH grade. A cut-off value of 10.51 ng/ml serum S100B performed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.9% to predict adverse neonatal outcome. CONCLUSION Further research on the predictive value of serum S100B regarding NBI in premature neonates is of great interest and may provide the first clinically useful biomarker for early detection of neonates at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Metallinou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, PC 12243 Athens, Greece; Neonatal Department, "Alexandra" General Hospital, 80 Vasillisis Sofias Avenue, Ilisia, PC 11528 Athens, Greece; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Gaia" Maternity Hospital, 9 Distomou Str., Marousi, PC 15125 Athens, Greece.
| | - Grigorios Karampas
- 2(nd) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aretaieio" University Hospital, 76 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Ilisia, PC 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Nyktari
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Gaia" Maternity Hospital, 9 Distomou Str., Marousi, PC 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Iacovidou
- Neonatal Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aretaieio" University Hospital, 76 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Ilisia, PC 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Lykeridou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, PC 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Rizos
- Hormone Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ''Aretaieio'' University Hospital, 76 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Ilisia, PC 11528, Athens, Greece
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Gilard V, Tebani A, Bekri S, Marret S. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2447. [PMID: 32751801 PMCID: PMC7465819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage (GMH-IVH-IPH) is a major complication of very preterm births before 32 weeks of gestation (WG). Despite progress in clinical management, its incidence remains high before 27 WG. In addition, severe complications may occur such as post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and/or periventricular intraparenchymal hemorrhage. IVH is strongly associated with subsequent neurodevelopmental disabilities. For this review, an automated literature search and a clustering approach were applied to allow efficient filtering as well as topic clusters identification. We used a programmatic literature search for research articles related to intraventricular hemorrhage in preterms that were published between January 1990 and February 2020. Two queries ((Intraventricular hemorrhage) AND (preterm)) were used in PubMed. This search resulted in 1093 articles. The data manual curation left 368 documents that formed 12 clusters. The presentation and discussion of the clusters provide a comprehensive overview of existing data on the pathogenesis, complications, neuroprotection and biomarkers of GMH-IVH-IPH in very preterm infants. Clinicians should consider that the GMH-IVH-IPH pathogenesis is mainly due to developmental immaturity of the germinal matrix and cerebral autoregulation impairment. New multiomics investigations of intraventricular hemorrhage could foster the development of predictive biomarkers for the benefit of very preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Gilard
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
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20
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Bersani I, Pluchinotta F, Dotta A, Savarese I, Campi F, Auriti C, Chuklantseva N, Piersigilli F, Gazzolo F, Varrica A, Satriano A, Gazzolo D. Early predictors of perinatal brain damage: the role of neurobiomarkers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:471-486. [PMID: 31851609 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of perinatal brain damage in preterm and term newborns (i.e. intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and perinatal asphyxia) still constitute an unsolved issue. To date, despite technological improvement in standard perinatal monitoring procedures, decreasing the incidence of perinatal mortality, the perinatal morbidity pattern has a flat trend. Against this background, the measurement of brain constituents could be particularly useful in the early detection of cases at risk for short-/long-term brain injury. On this scenario, the main European and US international health-care institutions promoted perinatal clinical and experimental neuroprotection research projects aimed at validating and including a panel of biomarkers in the clinical guidelines. Although this is a promising attempt, there are several limitations that do not allow biomarkers to be included in standard monitoring procedures. The main limitations are: (i) the heterogeneity of neurological complications in the perinatal period, (ii) the small cohort sizes, (iii) the lack of multicenter investigations, (iv) the different techniques for neurobiomarkers assessment, (iv) the lack of consensus for the validation of assays in biological fluids such as urine and saliva, and (v), the lack of reference curves according to measurement technique and biological fluid. In the present review we offer an up-to-date overview of the most promising developments in the use of biomarkers in the perinatal period such as calcium binding proteins (S100B protein), vasoactive agents (adrenomedullin), brain biomarkers (activin A, neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1) and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Bersani
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pluchinotta
- Laboratory Research Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, SanDonato Milanese Univerity Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Savarese
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Campi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Chuklantseva
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Varrica
- Laboratory Research Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, SanDonato Milanese Univerity Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Satriano
- Laboratory Research Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, SanDonato Milanese Univerity Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Neonatal Intesive Care Unit, AO S.S. Antonio, Biagio, C. Arrigo Hospital, Spalto Marengo 46, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
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21
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Yan C, Zhang B. Clinical significance of detecting serum melatonin and SBDPs in brain injury in preterm infants. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60:435-440. [PMID: 30559060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the clinical values of serum melatonin and αII spectrin cleavage products (SBDPs) in assessing the severity of brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS Sixty-four premature infants in total were selected and classified into the brain injury group (BI, n = 30) and the non-brain injury group (CON, n = 34) according to cranial imaging examination. The serum melatonin and SBDPs were detected by ELISA. All the preterm infants were received NBNA testing at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. RESULTS The levels of melatonin and SBDPs in the BI group were significantly higher than the CON group (p < 0.05) and the levels in the infants with severe brain injury were significantly higher than those with mild brain injury (p < 0.05), as well as exhibiting a negative correlation with the NBNA score at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Detecting melatonin and SBDPs has clinical value in diagnosing and assessing the severity of brain injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Binghong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Vaes JEG, Vink MA, de Theije CGM, Hoebeek FE, Benders MJNL, Nijboer CHA. The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31143126 PMCID: PMC6521595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological, and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploration of novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly sensitive to perinatal inflammation and cerebral oxygen fluctuations, leading to impaired OL differentiation and eventually myelination failure. OL lineage development under normal and pathological circumstances and the process of (re)myelination have been studied extensively over the years, often in the context of other adult and pediatric white matter pathologies such as stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Various studies have proposed stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to boost white matter regeneration as a potential strategy against a wide range of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss experimental studies focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to reduce white matter injury (WMI) in multiple adult and neonatal neurological diseases. What lessons have been learned from these previous studies and how can we translate this knowledge to application of MSCs for the injured white matter in the preterm infant? A perspective on the current state of stem cell therapy will be given and we will discuss different important considerations of MSCs including cellular sources, timing of treatment and administration routes. Furthermore, we reflect on optimization strategies that could potentially reinforce stem cell therapy, including preconditioning and genetic engineering of stem cells or using cell-free stem cell products, to optimize cell-based strategy for vulnerable preterm infants in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marit A Vink
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cora H A Nijboer
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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23
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Cho KHT, Xu B, Blenkiron C, Fraser M. Emerging Roles of miRNAs in Brain Development and Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:227. [PMID: 30984006 PMCID: PMC6447777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In human beings the immature brain is highly plastic and depending on the stage of gestation is particularly vulnerable to a range of insults that if sufficiently severe, can result in long-term motor, cognitive and behavioral impairment. With improved neonatal care, the incidence of major motor deficits such as cerebral palsy has declined with prematurity. Unfortunately, however, milder forms of injury characterized by diffuse non-cystic white matter lesions within the periventricular region and surrounding white matter, involving loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors and subsequent axonal hypomyelination as the brain matures have not. Existing therapeutic options for treatment of preterm infants have proved inadequate, partly owing to an incomplete understanding of underlying post-injury cellular and molecular changes that lead to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. This has reinforced the need to improve our understanding of brain plasticity, explore novel solutions for the development of protective strategies, and identify biomarkers. Compelling evidence exists supporting the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with functions including cell fate specification and plasticity of synaptic connections. Importantly, miRNAs are differentially expressed following brain injury, and can be packaged within exosomes/extracellular vesicles, which play a pivotal role in assuring their intercellular communication and passage across the blood-brain barrier. Indeed, an increasing number of investigations have examined the roles of specific miRNAs following injury and regeneration and it is apparent that this field of research could potentially identify protective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate perinatal brain injury. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings of some important miRNAs in relation to the development of the brain, their dysregulation, functions and regulatory roles following brain injury, and discuss how these can be targeted either as biomarkers of injury or neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Hyeon Tae Cho
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Health and Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Health and Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical Health and Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mhoyra Fraser
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Health and Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Klebe D, McBride D, Krafft PR, Flores JJ, Tang J, Zhang JH. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus development after germinal matrix hemorrhage: Established mechanisms and proposed pathways. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:105-120. [PMID: 30793349 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is also the leading cause of acquired infantile hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) development after GMH is complex and vaguely understood, although evidence suggests fibrosis and gliosis in the periventricular and subarachnoid spaces disrupts normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Theories explaining general hydrocephalus etiology have substantially evolved from the original bulk flow theory developed by Dr. Dandy over a century ago. Current clinical and experimental evidence supports a new hydrodynamic theory for hydrocephalus development involving redistribution of vascular pulsations and disruption of Starling forces in the brain microcirculation. In this review, we discuss CSF flow dynamics, history and development of theoretical hydrocephalus pathophysiology, and GMH epidemiology and etiology as it relates to PHH development. We highlight known mechanisms and propose new avenues that will further elucidate GMH pathophysiology, specifically related to hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Klebe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Devin McBride
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Paul R Krafft
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jerry J Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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25
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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26
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Darnall RA, Chen X, Nemani KV, Sirieix CM, Gimi B, Knoblach S, McEntire BL, Hunt CE. Early postnatal exposure to intermittent hypoxia in rodents is proinflammatory, impairs white matter integrity, and alters brain metabolism. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:164-172. [PMID: 28388601 PMCID: PMC5509485 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundPreterm infants are frequently exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with apnea and periodic breathing that may result in inflammation and brain injury that later manifests as cognitive and executive function deficits. We used a rodent model to determine whether early postnatal exposure to IH would result in inflammation and brain injury.MethodsRat pups were exposed to IH from P2 to P12. Control animals were exposed to room air. Cytokines were analyzed in plasma and brain tissue at P13 and P18. At P20-P22, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were performed.ResultsPups exposed to IH had increased plasma Gro/CXCL1 and cerebellar IFN-γ and IL-1β at P13, and brainstem enolase at P18. DTI showed a decrease in FA and AD in the corpus callosum (CC) and cingulate gyrus, and an increase in RD in the CC. MRS revealed decreases in NAA/Cho, Cr, Tau/Cr, and Gly/Cr; increases in TCho and GPC in the brainstem; and decreases in NAA/Cho in the hippocampus.ConclusionsWe conclude that early postnatal exposure to IH, similar in magnitude to that experienced in human preterm infants, is associated with evidence for proinflammatory changes, decreases in white matter integrity, and metabolic changes consistent with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Darnall
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH,Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Xi Chen
- Biomedical NMR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Krishnamurthy V. Nemani
- Biomedical NMR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Chrystelle M. Sirieix
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Barjor Gimi
- Biomedical NMR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Susan Knoblach
- Children’s National Medical Center and George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Carl E. Hunt
- Children’s National Medical Center and George Washington University, Washington, DC,Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
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27
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Fogtmann EP, Plomgaard AM, Greisen G, Gluud C. Prognostic Accuracy of Electroencephalograms in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-1951. [PMID: 28143915 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Brain injury is common in preterm infants, and predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome are relevant. OBJECTIVE To assess the prognostic test accuracy of the background activity of the EEG recorded as amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) or conventional EEG early in life in preterm infants for predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. DATA SOURCES The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. STUDY SELECTION We included observational studies that had obtained an aEEG or EEG within 7 days of life in preterm infants and reported neurodevelopmental outcomes 1 to 10 years later. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently performed data extraction with regard to participants, prognostic testing, and outcomes. RESULTS Thirteen observational studies with a total of 1181 infants were included. A meta-analysis was performed based on 3 studies (267 infants). Any aEEG background abnormality was a predictor of abnormal outcome. For prediction of a developmental quotient <70 points, cerebral palsy, or death, the pooled sensitivity was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.92) and specificity 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.87). LIMITATIONS All studies were at high risk of bias. Heterogeneity was evident among the studies with regard to the investigated aEEG and EEG variables, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and cutoff values. CONCLUSIONS aEEG or EEG recorded within the first 7 days of life in preterm infants may have potential as a predictor for later neurodevelopmental outcome. We need high-quality studies to confirm these findings. Meanwhile, the prognostic value of aEEG and EEG should be used only as a scientific tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pi Fogtmann
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Plomgaard
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Cui J, Tymofiyeva O, Desikan R, Flynn T, Kim H, Gano D, Hess CP, Ferriero DM, Barkovich AJ, Xu D. Microstructure of the Default Mode Network in Preterm Infants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:343-348. [PMID: 28059709 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion and fMRI has been providing insights to brain development in addition to anatomic imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the microstructure of white matter tracts underlying the default mode network in premature infants by using resting-state functional MR imaging in conjunction with diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 44 preterm infants underwent structural T1-weighted imaging, resting-state fMRI, and DTI at 3T, including 21 infants with brain injuries and 23 infants with normal-appearing structural imaging as controls. Neurodevelopment was evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 months' adjusted age. Probabilistic independent component analysis was applied to resting-state fMRI data to explore resting-state networks. The localized clusters of the default mode network were used as seeding for probabilistic tractography. The DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity) of the reconstructed primary tracts within the default mode network-cingula were measured. RESULTS Results revealed decreased fractional anisotropy (0.20 ± 0.03) and elevated radial diffusivity values (1.24 ± 0.16) of the cingula in the preterm infants with brain injuries compared with controls (fractional anisotropy, 0.25 ± 0.03; P < .001; radial diffusivity, 1.06 ± 0.16; P = .001). The Bayley Scales of Infant Development cognitive scores were significantly associated with cingulate fractional anisotropy (P = .004) and radial diffusivity (P = .021); this association suggests that the microstructural properties of interconnecting axonal pathways within the default mode network are of critical importance in the early neurocognitive development of infants. CONCLUSIONS This study of combined resting-state fMRI and DTI at rest suggests that such studies may allow the investigation of key functional brain circuits in premature infants, which could function not only as diagnostic tools but also as biomarkers for long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cui
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - O Tymofiyeva
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - R Desikan
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - T Flynn
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - H Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - D Gano
- Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G., D.M.F.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - C P Hess
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - D M Ferriero
- Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G., D.M.F.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - A J Barkovich
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
| | - D Xu
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (J.C., O.T., R.D., T.F., H.K., C.P.H., A.J.B., D.X.)
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29
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Chen GF, Li HT, Huang JJ, Wang ZX, Li Y, Yang CZ, Wu BQ, Liu WL, Liu LH, Kong Q, Liu RT. [Relationship between serum erythropoietin levels and brain injury in preterm infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:947-952. [PMID: 27751209 PMCID: PMC7389545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in serum and brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS Three hundred and four preterm infants (gestational age: 28-34 weeks) born between October 2014 and September 2015 were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was diagnosed using cerebral ultrasound and MRI. The levels of EPO, S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum were detected using ELISA. To compare the incidence of brain injury in different serum EPO levels in preterm infants, and the relationship between brain injury and serum EPO levels was analyzed. RESULTS The incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants was 41.1% (125/304). The incidence rate of brain injury in the low EPO level group was significantly higher than that in the middle-high EPO level groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of S100 protein, NSE, and MBP in the brain injury groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The serum EPO levels were negatively correlated with serum S100 protein concentration and NSE levels (P<0.05). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, low gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, anemia and low serum EPO levels were the risk factor for brain injury in preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants with lower serum EPO levels. The serum EPO levels may be correlated with brain injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
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30
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Chen GF, Li HT, Huang JJ, Wang ZX, Li Y, Yang CZ, Wu BQ, Liu WL, Liu LH, Kong Q, Liu RT. [Relationship between serum erythropoietin levels and brain injury in preterm infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:947-952. [PMID: 27751209 PMCID: PMC7389545 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in serum and brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS Three hundred and four preterm infants (gestational age: 28-34 weeks) born between October 2014 and September 2015 were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was diagnosed using cerebral ultrasound and MRI. The levels of EPO, S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum were detected using ELISA. To compare the incidence of brain injury in different serum EPO levels in preterm infants, and the relationship between brain injury and serum EPO levels was analyzed. RESULTS The incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants was 41.1% (125/304). The incidence rate of brain injury in the low EPO level group was significantly higher than that in the middle-high EPO level groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of S100 protein, NSE, and MBP in the brain injury groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The serum EPO levels were negatively correlated with serum S100 protein concentration and NSE levels (P<0.05). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, low gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, anemia and low serum EPO levels were the risk factor for brain injury in preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants with lower serum EPO levels. The serum EPO levels may be correlated with brain injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
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31
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Cong X, Xu W, Romisher R, Poveda S, Forte S, Starkweather A, Henderson WA. Gut Microbiome and Infant Health: Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis and Host Genetic Factors. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:299-308. [PMID: 27698614 PMCID: PMC5045139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of the neonatal gut microbiome is influenced by multiple factors, such as delivery mode, feeding, medication use, hospital environment, early life stress, and genetics. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota persists during infancy, especially in high-risk preterm infants who experience lengthy stays in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Infant microbiome evolutionary trajectory is essentially parallel with the host (infant) neurodevelopmental process and growth. The role of the gut microbiome, the brain-gut signaling system, and its interaction with the host genetics have been shown to be related to both short and long term infant health and bio-behavioral development. The investigation of potential dysbiosis patterns in early childhood is still lacking and few studies have addressed this host-microbiome co-developmental process. Further research spanning a variety of fields of study is needed to focus on the mechanisms of brain-gut-microbiota signaling system and the dynamic host-microbial interaction in the regulation of health, stress and development in human newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cong
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wanli Xu
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachael Romisher
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Samantha Poveda
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaina Forte
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Wendy A. Henderson
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Tang J, Tao Y, Jiang B, Chen Q, Hua F, Zhang J, Zhu G, Chen Z. Pharmacological Preventions of Brain Injury Following Experimental Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage: an Up-to-Date Review. Transl Stroke Res 2015; 7:20-32. [PMID: 26561051 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is defined as the rupture of immature blood vessels in the subependymal zone of premature infants with significant mortality and morbidity. Considering the notable social and ecological stress brought by GMH-induced brain injury and sequelae, safe and efficient pharmacological preventions are badly needed. Currently, several appropriate animal models are available to mimic the clinical outcomes of GMH in human patients. In the long run, hemorrhagic strokes are the research target. Previously, we found that minocycline was efficient to alleviate GMH-induced brain edema and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in rats, which may be closely related to the activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R). However, how the two molecules correlate and the underlined molecular pathway remain unknown. To extensively understand current experimental GMH treatment, this literature review critically evaluates existing therapeutic strategies, potential treatments, and potentially involved molecular mechanisms. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the mechanisms are still controversial, requiring an increasing number of animal experiments before the therapeutic strategy would be widely accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - John Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Jantzie LL, Winer JL, Corbett CJ, Robinson S. Erythropoietin Modulates Cerebral and Serum Degradation Products from Excess Calpain Activation following Prenatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2015; 38:15-26. [PMID: 26551007 DOI: 10.1159/000441024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants suffer central nervous system (CNS) injury from hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation - termed encephalopathy of prematurity. Mature CNS injury activates caspase and calpain proteases. Erythropoietin (EPO) limits apoptosis mediated by activated caspases, but its role in modulating calpain activation has not yet been investigated extensively following injury to the developing CNS. We hypothesized that excess calpain activation degrades developmentally regulated molecules essential for CNS circuit formation, myelination and axon integrity, including neuronal potassium-chloride co-transporter (KCC2), myelin basic protein (MBP) and phosphorylated neurofilament (pNF), respectively. Further, we predicted that post-injury EPO treatment could mitigate CNS calpain-mediated degradation. Using prenatal transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) in rats to mimic CNS injury from extreme preterm birth, and postnatal EPO treatment with a clinically relevant dosing regimen, we found sustained postnatal excess cortical calpain activation following prenatal TSHI, as shown by the cleavage of alpha II-spectrin (αII-spectrin) into 145-kDa αII-spectrin degradation products (αII-SDPs) and p35 into p25. Postnatal expression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin was also reduced following prenatal TSHI. Calpain substrate expression following TSHI, including cortical KCC2, MBP and NF, was modulated by postnatal EPO treatment. Calpain activation was reflected in serum levels of αII-SDPs and KCC2 fragments, and notably, EPO treatment also modulated KCC2 fragment levels. Together, these data indicate that excess calpain activity contributes to the pathogenesis of encephalopathy of prematurity. Serum biomarkers of calpain activation may detect ongoing cerebral injury and responsiveness to EPO or similar neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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Predictive Value of General Movement Assessment for Cerebral Palsy in Routine Clinical Practice. Phys Ther 2015; 95:1489-95. [PMID: 26023214 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of children at high risk of future neurodevelopmental disability is important for the initiation of appropriate therapy. In research settings, the assessment of fidgety movements (FMs) at 3 months supports a general movement assessment (GMA) as a strong predictor for subsequent motor development, but there are few studies from routine clinical settings. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to examine the relationship between FMs and neurodevelopmental outcome by the age of 2 years in high-risk infants in a routine hospital clinical setting. DESIGN This was a prospective study. METHODS A GMA was performed in 87 high-risk infants at 3 months after term age. The infants were clinically assessed for cerebral palsy (CP) at 2 years. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values were computed. The relative risk of motor problems by the age of 2 years, according to the GMA, was estimated. RESULTS Of the infants with normal FMs, 93% (50/54) had normal development and none was diagnosed with CP, whereas 75% (12/16) with abnormal or sporadic FMs had normal development. In contrast, 53% (9/17) of those without FMs had CP. When the GMA was considered to be a test for CP and absent FMs were considered to be a positive test result, the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity was 90%. The likelihood ratios for positive and negative test results were 8.7 and 0.1, respectively. The negative predictive value was 99%, and the positive predictive value was 53%. The risk of motor problems by the age of 2 years increased linearly with the extent of pathological results on the GMA and was 10 times higher when FMs were absent at 3 months than when FMs were normal. LIMITATIONS The relatively small study sample was a study limitation. CONCLUSIONS When applied in a routine clinical setting, the GMA strongly predicted neurodevelopmental impairments at 2 years in high-risk infants.
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Liu L, Liu C, Lu Y, Liu L, Jiang Y. ER stress related factor ATF6 and caspase-12 trigger apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6960-6966. [PMID: 26261584 PMCID: PMC4525918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific and available markers proteins of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) injury are correlated with disease severity and the disability in childhood. Exploring the mechanism of HIE is very helpful to the targeted therapeutic approach in clinical. This study aims to explore the cell death-related proteins or biomarkers that plays roles in the HIE injury. In this study, 15 patients were included the 487 autopsies patients performed at the Department of Pathology. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to detect the cell viability of NGF-differentiated PC12 cell. TUNEL assay was employed to examine the apoptotic cells in embedded slides samples. Three ER stress-related protein, including ATF6, p-Perk and IRE-1 were investigated using Western blot assay for the ER stress examination. The apoptosis associated caspase-12 and CHOP protein were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that LDH activity of living cells during hypoxia was significantly enhanced to 45% and 64% after 8 hours and 24 hours. The TUNEL results showed that plenty of the PC12 cells became the positive staining cells when treated with 0.1% O2 hypoxia. ER stress UPR pathway protein, cleaved ATF6, was increased significantly when treated with 0.1% O2 compared with the cells treated with 20% O2. Furthermore, the caspase 12 activation was triggered when the cells treated with the 0.1% O2. In conclusion, apoptosis is served as an important factor that triggers the HIE brain injury through cleaving the ATF6 and caspase-12 ER stress-related protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luran Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Haerbin 150001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Haerbin 150001, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Haerbin 150001, China
| | - Lina Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Haerbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Haerbin 150001, China
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Leviton A, Gressens P, Wolkenhauer O, Dammann O. Systems approach to the study of brain damage in the very preterm newborn. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:58. [PMID: 25926780 PMCID: PMC4396381 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A systems approach to the study of brain damage in very preterm newborns has been lacking. Methods: In this perspective piece, we offer encephalopathy of prematurity as an example of the complexity and interrelatedness of brain-damaging molecular processes that can be initiated inflammatory phenomena. Results: Using three transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Notch-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2), we show the inter-connectedness of signaling pathways activated by some antecedents of encephalopathy of prematurity. Conclusions: We hope that as biomarkers of exposures and processes leading to brain damage in the most immature newborns become more readily available, those who apply a systems approach to the study of neuroscience can be persuaded to study the pathogenesis of brain disorders in the very preterm newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, U1141 Paris, France ; Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital London, UK
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany ; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA ; Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
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Use of early biomarkers in neonatal brain damage and sepsis: state of the art and future perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:253520. [PMID: 25685774 PMCID: PMC4313065 DOI: 10.1155/2015/253520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of early noninvasive biochemical markers of disease is a crucial issue of the current scientific research, particularly during the first period of life, since it could provide useful and precocious diagnostic information when clinical and radiological signs are still silent. The ideal biomarker should be practical and sensitive in the precocious identification of at risk patients. An earlier diagnosis may lead to a larger therapeutic window and improve neonatal outcome. Brain damage and sepsis are common causes of severe morbidity with poor outcome and mortality during the perinatal period. A large number of potential biomarkers, including neuroproteins, calcium binding proteins, enzymes, oxidative stress markers, vasoactive agents, and inflammatory mediators, have been so far investigated. The aim of the present review was to provide a brief overview of some of the more commonly investigated biomarkers used in case of neonatal brain damage and sepsis.
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Douglas-Escobar MV, Heaton SC, Bennett J, Young LJ, Glushakova O, Xu X, Barbeau DY, Rossignol C, Miller C, Old Crow AM, Hayes RL, Weiss MD. UCH-L1 and GFAP Serum Levels in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Single Center Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2014; 5:273. [PMID: 25566179 PMCID: PMC4271579 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We examined two potential biomarkers of brain damage in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) neonates: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker of gliosis) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1; a marker of neuronal injury). We hypothesized that the biomarkers would be measurable in cord blood of healthy neonates and could serve as a normative reference for brain injury in HIE infants. We further hypothesized that higher levels would be detected in serum samples of HIE neonates and would correlate with brain damage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and later developmental outcomes.? Study Design: Serum UCH-L1 and GFAP concentrations from HIE neonates (n = 16) were compared to controls (n = 11). The relationship between biomarker concentrations of HIE neonates and brain damage (MRI) and developmental outcomes (Bayley-III) was examined using Pearson correlation coefficients and a mixed model design. Result: Both biomarkers were detectable in cord blood from control subjects. UCH-L1 concentrations were higher in HIE neonates (p < 0.001), and associated with cortical injury (p < 0.055) and later motor and cognitive developmental outcomes (p < 0.05). The temporal change in GFAP concentrations during (from birth to 96 h of age) predicted motor developmental outcomes (p < 0.05) and injury to the basal ganglia and white matter. Conclusion: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 and GFAP should be explored further as promising serum biomarkers of brain damage and later neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha V Douglas-Escobar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Shelley C Heaton
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Jeffrey Bennett
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Linda J Young
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | | | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | | | - Candice Rossignol
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Cindy Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Alissa M Old Crow
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | | | - Michael D Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Hua W, Wei Z, Ling F, Song Y, Jian-Rong M, Ping W. Effects of Maternal Cervical Incompetence on Morbidity and Mortality of Preterm Neonates with Birth weight Less than 2000g. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2014; 24:759-65. [PMID: 26019783 PMCID: PMC4442839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the impact of maternal cervical incompetence (with or without McDonald cerclage) on mortality and morbidity of preterm infant with birth weight <2000g. METHODS 581 neonates were eligible for this study, 79 with cervical incompetence and 502 without it (control). Incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), severe asphyxia, small for gestational age (SGA), early-onset sepsis (EOS), and mortality were compared between the two groups. FINDINGS Mean gestational age was earlier in cervical incompetence group than in control (30.2±2.1 vs 30.7±1.9, P<0.05). Except lower frequency of SGA, there were no significant differences in the incidences of RDS, BPD, ROP, PVL, IVH, NEC, EOS, severe asphyxia and mortality between the two groups. Infants with no cerclage had a higher prevalence of RDS (21/66 vs 9/13, P<0.05) compared to cerclage group due to lower mean gestational age (30.68±2.1 vs 28.6±1.4, P<0.01) and birth weight (1519.5±274.6 vs 1205.8±204.4, P<0.001), and clinical neonatal outcomes of the elective cerclage were similar to emergency cerclage in cervical incompetence groups. CONCLUSION Maternal cervical incompetence was not associated with postnatal adverse neonatal outcomes. Lower mean gestational age was a major risk associated with higher prevalence of RDS in preterm neonates with no McDonald cerclage, and emergency cerclage did not predict poor clinical neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhang Wei
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit,,Corresponding Author; Address: Corresponding author. No251, Yaojiayuan street, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China. E-mail:
| | - Fan Ling
- Department of obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mondello S, Tortella FC. Brain Injury Markers: Where are We? Front Neurol 2014; 5:145. [PMID: 25136331 PMCID: PMC4120680 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mondello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Frank C Tortella
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, MA , USA
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Andrikopoulou M, Almalki A, Farzin A, Cordeiro CN, Johnston MV, Burd I. Perinatal biomarkers in prematurity: early identification of neurologic injury. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:25-31. [PMID: 24768951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, biomarkers have become increasingly utilized as non-invasive tools in the early diagnosis and management of various clinical conditions. In perinatal medicine, the improved survival of extremely premature infants who are at high risk for adverse neurologic outcomes has increased the demand for the discovery of biomarkers in detecting and predicting the prognosis of infants with neonatal brain injury. By enabling the clinician to recognize potential brain damage early, biomarkers could allow clinicians to intervene at the early stages of disease, and to monitor the efficacy of those interventions. This review will first examine the potential perinatal biomarkers for neurologic complications of prematurity, specifically, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). It will also evaluate knowledge gained from animal models regarding the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury in prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrikopoulou
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ahmad Almalki
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Azadeh Farzin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christina N Cordeiro
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Department of Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Biomarkers for severity of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and outcomes in newborns receiving hypothermia therapy. J Pediatr 2014; 164:468-74.e1. [PMID: 24332821 PMCID: PMC4006934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum neuronal and inflammatory biomarkers to determine whether measurements of umbilical cords at birth can stratify severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), whether serial measurements differ with hypothermia-rewarming, and whether biomarkers correlate with neurological outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective cohort of inborn term newborns with varying degrees of HIE by neurological assessment. Neuronal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in serum from umbilical artery at 6-24, 48, 72, and 78 hours of age. Neurodevelopmental outcomes (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III scales) were performed at 15-18 months. RESULTS Twenty neonates had moderate (n = 17) or severe (n = 3) HIE and received hypothermia; 7 had mild HIE and were not cooled. At birth, serum GFAP and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 increased with the severity of HIE (P < .001), and serial GFAP remained elevated in neonates with moderate to severe HIE. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor were greater at 6-24 hours in moderate to severe vs mild HIE (P < .05). The serial values were unaffected by hypothermia-rewarming. Elevated GFAP, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, interferon, and vascular endothelial growth factor at 6-24 hours were associated with abnormal neurological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The severity of the hypoxic-ischemic injury can be stratified at birth because elevated neuronal biomarkers in cord serum correlated with severity of HIE and outcomes.
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CDK5-induced p-PPARγ(Ser 112) downregulates GFAP via PPREs in developing rat brain: effect of metal mixture and troglitazone in astrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1033. [PMID: 24481447 PMCID: PMC4040704 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a group of ligand-activated transcriptional factors, is expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes. Here, we investigated the role of PPARγ in regulating GFAP using a mixture of As, Cd and Pb (metal mixture, MM) that induces apoptosis and aberrant morphology in rat brain astrocytes. We observed a phospho PPARγ (serine 112 (S112)) (p-PPARγ (S112))-mediated downregulation of GFAP in the MM-exposed astrocytes. We validated this using pure PPARγ agonist, troglitazone (TZ). As reported with MM, TZ induced astrocyte damage owing to reduced GFAP. In silico analysis in the non-coding region of GFAP gene revealed two PPARγ response elements (PPREs); inverted repeat 10 and direct repeat 1 sequences. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated enhancement in binding of p-PPARγ (S112) to the sequences, and luciferase reporter assay revealed strong repression of GFAP via PPREs, in response to both MM and TZ. This indicated that suppression in GFAP indeed occurs through direct regulation of these elements by p-PPARγ (S112). Signaling studies proved that MM, as well as TZ, activated the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and enhanced its interaction with PPARγ resulting into increased p-PPARγ (S112). The p-CDK5 levels were dependent on proximal activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and downstream Jun N-terminal kinase. Taken together, these results are the first to delineate downregulation of GFAP through genomic and non-genomic signaling of PPARγ. It also brings forth a resemblance of TZ with MM in terms of astrocyte disarray in developing brain.
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Abstract
Physiological leucocytosis is common in neonates. Leukemoid reaction is defined as a variable degree of leucocytosis with immature precursors, similar to that occurring in leukaemia but because of other causes. Leukemoid reactions are well-recognised in the neonatal intensive care unit population and are associated with antenatal corticosteroids, Down's syndrome, chorioamnionitis, funisitis and perinatal infections. However, extreme hyperleucocytosis, exceeding a white blood cell count of 100×10(9)/l is rare. In the 7-year period from 2005 to 2012 three premature infants in our hospital presented with extreme hyperleucocytosis. Since there were no signs of neonatal leukaemia, transient myeloid disorder or leucocyte adhesion defect, a leukemoid reaction owing to antenatal corticosteroids, chorioamnionitis and funisitis was diagnosed. No obvious complications of hyperleucocytosis were observed. Therapy was not necessary and the leucocytes normalised spontaneously. In our small case series, extreme hyperleucocytosis in prematures occurred in the absence of leukaemia and had a mild course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jansen
- Maxima Medisch Centrum Veldhoven, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
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