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Christoff RR, Liesner IL, Gavino-Leopoldino D, Andrade B, Oliveira de Campos B, Salgado I, Simões-Lemos F, Da Poian AT, Assunção-Miranda I, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR. TNF-α blockage prevents late neurological consequences of Zika virus infection in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115114. [PMID: 38878972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic Orthoflavivirus that causes a myriad of neurological manifestations in newborns exposed in uterus. Despite the devastating consequences of ZIKV on the developing brain, strategies to prevent or treat the consequences of viral infection are not yet available. We previously showed that short-term treatment with the TNF-α neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Infliximab could prevent seizures at acute and chronic stages of ZIKV infection, but had no impact on long-term cognitive and motor dysfunction. Due to the central role of inflammation in ZIKV-neuropathology, we hypothesized that prolonged treatment with the anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody Infliximab could provide complete rescue of long-term behavioral deficits associated with neonatal ZIKV infection in mice. Here, neonatal (post-natal day 3) Swiss mice were submitted to subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 106 PFU of ZIKV or mock medium and were then treated with Infliximab (20 μg/day) or sterile saline intraperitoneally (i.p.), for 40 days starting on the day of infection, and behavioral assessment started at 60 days post-infection (dpi). Infliximab prevented ZIKV-induced cognitive and motor impairments in mice. In addition, microgliosis and cell death found in mice following ZIKV infection were partially reversed by TNF-α blockage. Altogether, these results suggest that TNF-α-mediated inflammation is central for late ZIKV-induced behavioral deficits and cell death and strategies targeting this cytokine may be promising approaches to treat subjects exposed to the virus during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa R Christoff
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabelle L Liesner
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Andrade
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Salgado
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Simões-Lemos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julia R Clarke
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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2
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Jonak CR, Assad SA, Garcia TA, Sandhu MS, Rumschlag JA, Razak KA, Binder DK. Phenotypic analysis of multielectrode array EEG biomarkers in developing and adult male Fmr1 KO mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106496. [PMID: 38582333 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability with symptoms that include increased anxiety and social and sensory processing deficits. Recent electroencephalographic (EEG) studies in humans with FXS have identified neural oscillation deficits that include increased resting state gamma power, increased amplitude of auditory evoked potentials, and reduced phase locking of sound-evoked gamma oscillations. Similar EEG phenotypes are present in mouse models of FXS, but very little is known about the development of such abnormal responses. In the current study, we employed a 30-channel mouse multielectrode array (MEA) system to record and analyze resting and stimulus-evoked EEG signals in male P21 and P91 WT and Fmr1 KO mice. This led to several novel findings. First, P91, but not P21, Fmr1 KO mice have significantly increased resting EEG power in the low- and high-gamma frequency bands. Second, both P21 and P91 Fmr1 KO mice have markedly attenuated inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) to spectrotemporally dynamic auditory stimuli as well as to 40 Hz and 80 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) stimuli. This suggests abnormal temporal processing from early development that may lead to abnormal speech and language function in FXS. Third, we found hemispheric asymmetry of fast temporal processing in the mouse auditory cortex in WT but not Fmr1 KO mice. Together, these findings define a set of EEG phenotypes in young and adult mice that can serve as translational targets for genetic and pharmacological manipulation in phenotypic rescue studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Samantha A Assad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Terese A Garcia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Manbir S Sandhu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Rumschlag
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
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3
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McMahon CL, Hurley EM, Muniz Perez A, Estrada M, Lodge DJ, Hsieh J. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection results in neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in mice. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179068. [PMID: 38781563 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to viral pathogens has been known to cause the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Furthermore, COVID-19 has been associated with a variety of neurological manifestations, raising the question of whether in utero SARS-CoV-2 exposure can affect neurodevelopment, resulting in long-lasting behavioral and cognitive deficits. Using a human ACE2-knock-in mouse model, we have previously shown that prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 at later stages of development leads to fetal brain infection and gliosis in the hippocampus and cortex. In this study, we aimed to determine whether infection of the fetal brain results in long-term neuroanatomical alterations of the cortex and hippocampus or in any cognitive deficits in adulthood. Here, we show that infected mice developed slower and weighed less in adulthood. We also found altered hippocampal and amygdala volume and aberrant newborn neuron morphology in the hippocampus of adult mice infected in utero. Furthermore, we observed sex-dependent alterations in anxiety-like behavior and locomotion, as well as hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. Taken together, our study reveals long-lasting neurological and cognitive changes as a result of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, identifying a window for early intervention and highlighting the importance of immunization and antiviral intervention in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L McMahon
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and
- Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Erin M Hurley
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and
- Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Aranis Muniz Perez
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and
- Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and
| | - Daniel J Lodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and
- Brain Health Consortium, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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4
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Chachua T, Chern CR, Velíšková J, Velíšek L. Epileptic spasms in infancy: Transferring rat prenatal betamethasone-postnatal NMDA model to mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137431. [PMID: 37591361 PMCID: PMC10529238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Epileptic spasms during infancy represent a devastating and refractory epilepsy syndrome. To advance studies on mechanisms and treatment using available mouse mutant models, we transferred our validated rat model of epileptic spasms to mice. Initially, we determined sensitivity of C57BL/6J mice to various doses (12-20 mg/kg) of NMDA on postnatal day 11 (P11) and P15. We primed mice with different doses of betamethasone (0.4-2.0 mg/kg) prenatally on gestational day (G)14 or G12 and tested spasms on P11. We also tested 2 different ACTH treatment paradigms (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) in prenatally primed as well as naïve mice. Data show that spasms in P11 mice, can be induced with the highest yield after 12 mg/kg dose of NMDA. Prenatal priming on G14 did not modify response to NMDA or sensitize spasms to ACTH. The betamethasone priming on G12 resulted in an increase in the number of NMDA-triggered spasms. Data indicate that the model transfer from rats to mice is non-linear and differences in prenatal brain development, metabolic rates, as well as sensitivity to convulsant drugs have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Chachua
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Chian-Ru Chern
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jana Velíšková
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Libor Velíšek
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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5
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Ueda K, Sato Y, Shimizu S, Suzuki T, Onoda A, Miura R, Go S, Mimatsu H, Kitase Y, Yamashita Y, Irie K, Tsuji M, Mishima K, Mizuno M, Takahashi Y, Dezawa M, Hayakawa M. Systemic administration of clinical-grade multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14958. [PMID: 37696826 PMCID: PMC10495445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are endogenous reparative pluripotent stem cells present in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues. We assessed the homing and therapeutic effects of systemically administered nafimestrocel, a clinical-grade human Muse cell-based product, without immunosuppressants in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) rat model. HI injury was induced on postnatal day 7 (P7) and was confirmed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging on P10. HI rats received a single dose nafimestrocel (1 × 106 cells/body) or Hank's balanced salt solution (vehicle group) intravenously at either three days (on P10; M3 group) or seven days (on P14; M7 group) after HI insult. Radioisotope experiment demonstrated the homing of chromium-51-labeled nafimestrocel to the both cerebral hemispheres. The cylinder test (M3 and M7 groups) and open-field test (M7 group) showed significant amelioration of paralysis and hyperactivity at five weeks of age compared with those in the vehicle group. Nafimestrocel did not cause adverse events such as death or pathological changes in the lung at ten weeks in the both groups. Nafimestrocel attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase from activated cultured microglia in vitro. These results demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefits and safety of nafimestrocel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Ueda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miura
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Shoji Go
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Haruka Mimatsu
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
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6
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Christidis P, Vij A, Petousis S, Ghaemmaghami J, Shah BV, Koutroulis I, Kratimenos P. Neuroprotective effect of Src kinase in hypoxia-ischemia: A systematic review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1049655. [PMID: 36507364 PMCID: PMC9730728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1049655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the application of therapeutic hypothermia has improved neurodevelopmental outcomes for some survivors of HIE, this lone treatment option is only available to a subset of affected neonates. Src kinase, an enzyme central to the apoptotic cascade, is a potential pharmacologic target to preserve typical brain development after HIE. Here, we present evidence of the neuroprotective effects of targeting Src kinase in preclinical models of HIE. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database to compile studies examining the impact of Src kinase regulation on neurodevelopment in animal models. Each eligible study was assessed for bias. Results Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, and most studies had an intermediate risk for bias. Together, these studies showed that targeting Src kinase resulted in a neuroprotective effect as assessed by neuropathology, enzymatic activity, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Conclusion Src kinase is an effective neuroprotective target in the setting of acute hypoxic injury. Src kinase inhibition triggers multiple signaling pathways of the sub-membranous focal adhesions and the nucleus, resulting in modulation of calcium signaling and prevention of cell death. Despite the significant heterogeneity of the research studies that we examined, the available evidence can serve as proof-of-concept for further studies on this promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Christidis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abhya Vij
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Hippokrateion” General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Javid Ghaemmaghami
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bhairav V. Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Prisma Health Children's Hospital-Midlands, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ioannis Koutroulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States,*Correspondence: Panagiotis Kratimenos
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7
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Mondal G, VanLith CJ, Nicolas CT, Thompson WS, Cao WS, Hillin L, Haugo BJ, Brien DRO, Kocher JP, Kaiser RA, Lillegard JB. Activation of homology-directed DNA repair plays key role in CRISPR-mediated genome correction. Gene Ther 2022; 30:386-397. [PMID: 36258038 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene editing for the cure of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) has been limited by inefficiency of adult hepatocyte targeting. Here, we demonstrate that in utero CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in a mouse model of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 provides stable cure of the disease. Following this, we performed an extensive gene expression analysis to explore the inherent characteristics of fetal/neonatal hepatocytes that make them more susceptible to efficient gene editing than adult hepatocytes. We showed that fetal and neonatal livers are comprised of proliferative hepatocytes with abundant expression of genes involved in homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), key for efficient gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9. We demonstrated the same is true of hepatocytes after undergoing a regenerative stimulus (partial hepatectomy), where post-hepatectomy cells show a higher efficiency of HDR and correction. Specifically, we demonstrated that HDR-related genome correction is most effective in the replicative phase, or S-phase, of an actively proliferating cell. In conclusion, this study shows that taking advantage of or triggering cell proliferation, specifically DNA replication in S-phase, may serve as an important tool to improve efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the liver and provide a curative therapy for IEMs in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara T Nicolas
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Whitney S Thompson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William S Cao
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lori Hillin
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Daniel R O' Brien
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Kocher
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kaiser
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Midwest Fetal Care Center, Children's Hospital of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph B Lillegard
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Midwest Fetal Care Center, Children's Hospital of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Pediatric Surgical Associates, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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8
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Brancaccio P, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Campanile M, Herchuelz A, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Preconditioning in hypoxic-ischemic neonate mice triggers Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger-dependent neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:318. [PMID: 35831286 PMCID: PMC9279453 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify alternative interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, researchers’ attention has been focused to the study of endogenous neuroprotective strategies. Based on the preconditioning concept that a subthreshold insult may protect from a subsequent harmful event, we aimed at identifying a new preconditioning protocol able to enhance Ca2+-dependent neurogenesis in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). To this purpose, we also investigated the role of the preconditioning-linked protein controlling ionic homeostasis, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Hypoxic Preconditioning (HPC) was reproduced by exposing P7 mice to 20’ hypoxia. HI was induced by isolating and cutting the right common carotid artery. A significant reduction in ischemic damage was observed in mice subjected to 20’ hypoxia followed,3 days later, by 60’ HI, thus suggesting that 20’ hypoxia functions as preconditioning stimulus. HPC promoted neuroblasts proliferation in the dentate gyrus mirrored by an increase of NCX1 and NCX3-positive cells and an improvement of behavioral motor performances in HI mice. An attenuation of HPC neuroprotection as well as a reduction in the expression of neurogenesis markers, including p57 and NeuroD1, was observed in preconditioned mice lacking NCX1 or NCX3. In summary, PC in neonatal mice triggers a neurogenic process linked to ionic homeostasis maintenance, regulated by NCX1 and NCX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - O Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Campanile
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Herchuelz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapeutique-Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Annunziato
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A, via Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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9
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Maciel IDS, de Abreu GH, Johnson CT, Bonday R, Bradshaw HB, Mackie K, Lu HC. Perinatal CBD or THC Exposure Results in Lasting Resistance to Fluoxetine in the Forced Swim Test: Reversal by Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:318-327. [PMID: 34182795 PMCID: PMC9225394 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is widespread acceptance of cannabis for medical or recreational use across the society, including pregnant women. Concerningly, numerous studies find that the developing central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to the detrimental effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In contrast, almost nothing on the consequences of perinatal cannabidiol (CBD) exposure. In this study, we used mice to investigate the adult impact of perinatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE) with THC, CBD, or a 1:1 ratio of THC and CBD on behaviors. Furthermore, the lasting impact of PCE on fluoxetine sensitivity in the forced swim test (FST) was evaluated to probe neurochemical pathways interacting with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Methods: Pregnant CD1 dams were injected subcutaneously daily with vehicle, 3 mg/kg THC, 3 mg/kg CBD, or 3 mg/kg THC +3 mg/kg CBD from gestational day 5 to postnatal day 10. Mass spectroscopic (MS) analyses were conducted to measure the THC and CBD brain levels in dams and their embryonic progenies. PCE adults were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests: open field arena, sucrose preference test, marble burying test, nestlet shredding test, and FST. Results: MS analysis found substantial levels of THC and CBD in embryonic brains. Our behavioral testing found that PCE females receiving THC or CBD buried significantly more marbles than control mice. Interestingly, PCE males receiving CBD or THC+CBD had significantly increased sucrose preference. While PCE with THC or CBD did not affect FST immobility, PCE with THC or CBD prevented fluoxetine from decreasing immobility in both males and females. Excitingly, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition with a dose of URB597 that was behaviorally inactive in the FST rescued fluoxetine efficacy in PCE mice of both sexes. Conclusions: Our data suggest that PCE with either THC, CBD, or THC+CBD alters repetitive and hedonic behaviors in a phytocannabinoid and sex-dependent manner. In addition, PCE with THC or CBD prevents fluoxetine from enhancing coping behavior. The restoration of fluoxetine responsiveness in THC or CBD PCE adults by inhibition of FAAH suggests that PCE causes a lasting reduction of the ECS and that enhancement of anandamide signaling represents a potential treatment for behavioral deficits following PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaque de Sousa Maciel
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Gabriel H.D. de Abreu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Claire T. Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Rida Bonday
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Address correspondence to: Hui-Chen Lu, PhD, The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, IN 47405, USA,
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10
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Saha P, Sarkar D. Structural and information-theoretic complexity measures of brain networks: Evolutionary aspects and implications. Biosystems 2022; 218:104711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Romero-Morales AI, Gama V. Revealing the Impact of Mitochondrial Fitness During Early Neural Development Using Human Brain Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:840265. [PMID: 35571368 PMCID: PMC9102998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.840265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis -including function, morphology, and inter-organelle communication- provides guidance to the intrinsic developmental programs of corticogenesis, while also being responsive to environmental and intercellular signals. Two- and three-dimensional platforms have become useful tools to interrogate the capacity of cells to generate neuronal and glia progeny in a background of metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanistic underpinnings underlying the role of mitochondria during human neurogenesis remain unexplored. Here we provide a concise overview of cortical development and the use of pluripotent stem cell models that have contributed to our understanding of mitochondrial and metabolic regulation of early human brain development. We finally discuss the effects of mitochondrial fitness dysregulation seen under stress conditions such as metabolic dysregulation, absence of developmental apoptosis, and hypoxia; and the avenues of research that can be explored with the use of brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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12
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Liu KE, Raymond MH, Ravichandran KS, Kucenas S. Clearing Your Mind: Mechanisms of Debris Clearance After Cell Death During Neural Development. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:177-198. [PMID: 35226828 PMCID: PMC10157384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-022431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment and efferocytosis have fascinated scientists for decades. How an organism builds a nervous system that is precisely tuned for efficient behaviors and survival and how it simultaneously manages constant somatic cell turnover are complex questions that have resulted in distinct fields of study. Although neurodevelopment requires the overproduction of cells that are subsequently pruned back, very few studies marry these fields to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive nervous system development through the lens of cell clearance. In this review, we discuss these fields to highlight exciting areas of future synergy. We first review neurodevelopment from the perspective of overproduction and subsequent refinement and then discuss who clears this developmental debris and the mechanisms that control these events. We then end with how a more deliberate merger of neurodevelopment and efferocytosis could reframe our understanding of homeostasis and disease and discuss areas of future study. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Liu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael H Raymond
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Center for Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Center for Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and the Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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13
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Cerebral vasculature exhibits dose-dependent sensitivity to thrombocytopenia that is limited to fetal/neonatal life. Blood 2022; 139:2355-2360. [PMID: 35148538 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether increasing platelet counts in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is effective at preventing intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been a subject of debate. The crux has been whether thrombocytopenia is the major driver of ICH in diseases such as FNAIT. We recently demonstrated in mice that severe thrombocytopenia was sufficient to drive intra-cerebral hemorrhage in utero and in early neonatal life. It remains unclear what degree of thrombocytopenia is required to drive ICH and for how long after birth thrombocytopenia can cause ICH. By inducing a thrombocytopenic range, we demonstrate that there is a large buffer-zone of mild thrombocytopenia that does not result in ICH, that ICH becomes probabilistic at 40% of normal platelet numbers, and that ICH becomes fully penetrant below 10% of normal platelet number. We also demonstrate that although the neonatal mouse is susceptible to thrombocytopenia-induced ICH, this sensitivity is rapidly lost between post-natal days 7 - 14. These findings provide important insights into the risk of in utero ICH with varying degrees of thrombocytopenia and into defining the developmental high-risk period for thrombocytopenia-driven ICH in a mouse model of FNAIT.
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14
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Murphy KP, Pathak B, Peiro JL, Oria M. Time Course Transcriptome Analysis of Spina Bifida Progression in Fetal Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121593. [PMID: 34942894 PMCID: PMC8699677 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the transcriptomic modifications that occur in spina bifida may lead to identify mechanisms involved in the progression of spina bifida in utero and the development of new therapeutic strategies that aid in spinal cord regeneration after surgical interventions. In this study, RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes in fetal spinal cords from rats with retinoic acid-induced spina bifida at E15, E17, and E20. Gene ontology, KEGG, and protein–protein interaction analysis were conducted to predict pathways involved in the evolution of the disease. Approximately 3000, 1000 and 300 genes were differentially expressed compared to the control groups at E15, E17 and E20, respectively. Overall, the results suggest common alterations in certain pathways between gestational time points, such as upregulation in p53 and sonic hedgehog signaling at E15 and E17 and downregulation in the myelin sheath at E17 and E20. However, there were other modifications specific to gestational time points, including skeletal muscle development at E15, downregulated glucose metabolism at E17, and upregulated inflammation at E20. In conclusion, this work provides evidence that gestational age during spina bifida repair may be a significant variable to consider during the development of new regenerative therapeutics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall P. Murphy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Bedika Pathak
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Jose L. Peiro
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (J.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Marc Oria
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (J.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +513-636-3494
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15
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Hernández-González M, Maldonado R, Hernández-Arteaga E, Guevara MA. Prenatally stress-exposed male rats present lower theta prefrontal activity during attention behaviors to receptive females. Stress 2021; 24:978-986. [PMID: 34525897 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1976140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress affects brain functionality and sexual behavior. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) participates in the integration and processing of sexual stimuli. Electroencephalographic (EEG) theta activity has been associated with attention as well as rewarding and sexually motivated states. Considering that the induction of sexual motivation requires attention to, and the adequate processing of, sexual stimuli, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to stress during the prenatal period on EEG activity in the mPFC during nose pokes in adulthood, actions which are indicators of attention to a receptive female. Eighteen sexually experienced male rats were used, nine stressed prenatally by immobilization during days 14-21 of gestation (stress-exposed group). The other nine formed the control group. All rats were implanted bilaterally in the mPFC (specifically in prelimbic areas) and were allowed one intromission with a receptive female to induce a sexually motivated state before the experimental session. During this session, both nose pokes and non-contact erections in the male rats were evaluated in the presence of an inaccessible receptive female. EEGs were recorded only during nose pokes. The stress-exposed group presented lower nose poke duration, fewer non-contact erections, and lower relative power of the theta band (4-7 Hz) in both prefrontal areas. Considering that the prevalence of this band is associated with attention and motivational processes, these data confirm the deleterious effect of prenatal stress on attention and sexual activation to sexually relevant stimuli in male rats during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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16
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Lebrun F, Violle N, Letourneur A, Muller C, Fischer N, Levilly A, Orset C, Sors A, Vivien D. Post-acute delivery of α5-GABAA antagonist, S 44819, improves functional recovery in juvenile rats following stroke. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113881. [PMID: 34597681 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypo-excitability was reported in the peri-infarct tissue following stroke, an effect counteracted by a blockage of α5-GABAA receptors in adult rodents. Our present study aims to evaluate the effect of a selective α5-GABAA receptor antagonist, S 44819, in stroke in juvenile animals. We have set up and characterized an original model of transient ischemic stroke in 28 day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (45-min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery by intraluminal suture). In this model, S 44819 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, b.i.d) was orally administered from day 3 to day 16 after stroke onset. Sensorimotor recovery was assessed on day 1, day 9 and day 16 after stroke onset. Results show that rats treated with S 44819 at the doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg displayed a significant improvement of the neurological deficits (neuroscore) on day 9 and day 16, when compared with animals treated with vehicle. Grip-test data analysis reveals that rats treated with S 44819 at the dose of 3 mg/kg displayed a better recovery on day 9 and day 16. These results are in agreement with those previously observed in adult rats, demonstrating that targeting α5-GABAA receptors improves neurological recovery after stroke in juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lebrun
- ETAP-Lab, STROK@LLIANCE, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Violle
- ETAP-Lab, STROK@LLIANCE, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Annelise Letourneur
- ETAP-Lab, STROK@LLIANCE, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Muller
- ETAP-Lab, STROK@LLIANCE, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- ETAP-Lab, STROK@LLIANCE, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Anthony Levilly
- ESRP (European Stroke Research Platform), Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques (CURB), Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; ESRP (European Stroke Research Platform), Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques (CURB), Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Aurore Sors
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Caen, France; Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France.
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17
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Little B, Sud N, Nobile Z, Bhattacharya D. Teratogenic effects of maternal drug abuse on developing brain and underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:172-179. [PMID: 34391795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight our knowledge of the various drugs of abuse that can prove potential teratogens affecting the brain and cognitive development in an individual exposed to maternal consumption of such agents. Among several drugs of abuse in women, we specifically highlighted the commonly used alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cannabis, cocaine and marijuana. These drugs can affect the fetal development and slow the cognitive maturation apart from physical disabilities. However, no known therapy exists to counter the toxic potential of these drugs. Several researchers used animal models of drug abuse to understand the underlying mechanisms affecting brain development and the relevant neurotransmitter system. Identifying such targets can potentially help in drug discovery research. We reported in depth analysis of such mechanisms and discussed the potential targets for drug development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Little
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Neilesh Sud
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Zachary Nobile
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States.
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18
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Chalil D, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Chalil A, Stark KD. Evidence of multiple hepatic mechanisms to mobilize docosahexaenoic acid into dam plasma during pregnancy in chow-fed sprague dawley rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 171:102317. [PMID: 34245972 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal brain growth requires considerable amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during late pregnancy that is associated with increased maternal/dam plasma levels of PC 16:0_22:6 (palmitoyl docosahexaenoyl phosphatidylcholine). While biosynthesis of DHA during pregnancy is upregulated, the mechanisms responsible for the incorporation of dam DHA into PC 16:0_22:6 are not understood. The present study used a discovery approach combining untargeted lipidomics of plasma and liver (n = 3/group) with semi-targeted qPCR of hepatic gene products (n = 6/group) to identify metabolic pathways related to DHA metabolism, with a hypothesis that an upregulated acyltransferase involved in PC remodeling would be identified. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a commercial rodent chow throughout the study and samples were collected before pregnancy (baseline), at 15 and 20 days of pregnancy, and 7 days postpartum. Plasma and hepatic PC 16:0_22:6 was significantly increased (by 79% and 194%, respectively) at day 20 of pregnancy. An increase in hepatic DG (diacylglycerol) 16:0_22:6 (by 243%) and significant decreases in Pla2G15 (0.4-fold) and Pla2G16 (0.6-fold) at day 20 of pregnancy, no changes in Lpcat1-4, and an abundant pool of hepatic pool PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) 16:0_22:6 suggest that plasma PC 16:0_22:6 is not being produced by fatty acyl remodeling during pregnancy. The increase in plasma PC 16:0_22:6 during pregnancy appears to be due to an increase in de novo synthesis of PC and both the CDP-choline and phosphatidylcholine methyltransferase pathways are implicated. There was also evidence suggesting channeling of DHA into PC and lipoprotein assembly may be occurring. Targeted research is necessary to confirm these findings, but the results of this study indicate metabolic adaptions to enable maternal/dam resiliency towards meeting the fetal/pup demand for DHA during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Alan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
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19
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Nakazawa S, Iwasato T. Spatial organization and transitions of spontaneous neuronal activities in the developing sensory cortex. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:323-339. [PMID: 34166527 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The sensory cortex underlies our ability to perceive and interact with the external world. Sensory perceptions are controlled by specialized neuronal circuits established through fine-tuning, which relies largely on neuronal activity during the development. Spontaneous neuronal activity is an essential driving force of neuronal circuit refinement. At early developmental stages, sensory cortices display spontaneous activities originating from the periphery and characterized by correlated firing arranged spatially according to the modality. The firing patterns are reorganized over time and become sparse, which is typical for the mature brain. This review focuses mainly on rodent sensory cortices. First, the features of the spontaneous activities during early postnatal stages are described. Then, the developmental changes in the spatial organization of the spontaneous activities and the transition mechanisms involved are discussed. The identification of the principles controlling the spatial organization of spontaneous activities in the developing sensory cortex is essential to understand the self-organization process of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
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20
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Docq S, Spoelder M, Wang W, Homberg JR. The Protective and Long-Lasting Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Cognition in Mammals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113572. [PMID: 33233361 PMCID: PMC7700157 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, research indicated that Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) may serve to enhance cognition during development. HMOs hereby provide an exciting avenue in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to cognitive development. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the reported observations regarding the effects of HMOs on memory and cognition in rats, mice and piglets. Our main findings illustrate that the administration of fucosylated (single or combined with Lacto-N-neoTetraose (LNnT) and other oligosaccharides) and sialylated HMOs results in marked improvements in spatial memory and an accelerated learning rate in operant tasks. Such beneficial effects of HMOs on cognition already become apparent during infancy, especially when the behavioural tasks are cognitively more demanding. When animals age, its effects become increasingly more apparent in simpler tasks as well. Furthermore, the combination of HMOs with other oligosaccharides yields different effects on memory performance as opposed to single HMO administration. In addition, an enhanced hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) response both at a young and at a mature age are reported as well. These results point towards the possibility that HMOs administered either in singular or combination forms have long-lasting, beneficial effects on memory and cognition in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Docq
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcia Spoelder
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Wendan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Jinshan road 1, Hohhot 010110, China;
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-24-3610906
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21
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Prem S, Millonig JH, DiCicco-Bloom E. Dysregulation of Neurite Outgrowth and Cell Migration in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 25:109-153. [PMID: 32578146 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of study, elucidation of the underlying etiology of complex developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), intellectual disability (ID), and bipolar disorder (BPD) has been hampered by the inability to study human neurons, the heterogeneity of these disorders, and the relevance of animal model systems. Moreover, a majority of these developmental disorders have multifactorial or idiopathic (unknown) causes making them difficult to model using traditional methods of genetic alteration. Examination of the brains of individuals with ASD and other developmental disorders in both post-mortem and MRI studies shows defects that are suggestive of dysregulation of embryonic and early postnatal development. For ASD, more recent genetic studies have also suggested that risk genes largely converge upon the developing human cerebral cortex between weeks 8 and 24 in utero. Yet, an overwhelming majority of studies in autism rodent models have focused on postnatal development or adult synaptic transmission defects in autism related circuits. Thus, studies looking at early developmental processes such as proliferation, cell migration, and early differentiation, which are essential to build the brain, are largely lacking. Yet, interestingly, a few studies that did assess early neurodevelopment found that alterations in brain structure and function associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) begin as early as the initial formation and patterning of the neural tube. By the early to mid-2000s, the derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and later induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allowed us to study living human neural cells in culture for the first time. Specifically, iPSCs gave us the unprecedented ability to study cells derived from individuals with idiopathic disorders. Studies indicate that iPSC-derived neural cells, whether precursors or "matured" neurons, largely resemble cortical cells of embryonic humans from weeks 8 to 24. Thus, these cells are an excellent model to study early human neurodevelopment, particularly in the context of genetically complex diseases. Indeed, since 2011, numerous studies have assessed developmental phenotypes in neurons derived from individuals with both genetic and idiopathic forms of ASD and other NDDs. However, while iPSC-derived neurons are fetal in nature, they are post-mitotic and thus cannot be used to study developmental processes that occur before terminal differentiation. Moreover, it is important to note that during the 8-24-week window of human neurodevelopment, neural precursor cells are actively undergoing proliferation, migration, and early differentiation to form the basic cytoarchitecture of the brain. Thus, by studying NPCs specifically, we could gain insight into how early neurodevelopmental processes contribute to the pathogenesis of NDDs. Indeed, a few studies have explored NPC phenotypes in NDDs and have uncovered dysregulations in cell proliferation. Yet, few studies have explored migration and early differentiation phenotypes of NPCs in NDDs. In this chapter, we will discuss cell migration and neurite outgrowth and the role of these processes in neurodevelopment and NDDs. We will begin by reviewing the processes that are important in early neurodevelopment and early cortical development. We will then delve into the roles of neurite outgrowth and cell migration in the formation of the brain and how errors in these processes affect brain development. We also provide review of a few key molecules that are involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and migration while discussing how dysregulations in these molecules can lead to abnormalities in brain structure and function thereby highlighting their contribution to pathogenesis of NDDs. Then we will discuss whether neurite outgrowth, migration, and the molecules that regulate these processes are associated with ASD. Lastly, we will review the utility of iPSCs in modeling NDDs and discuss future goals for the study of NDDs using this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Prem
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - James H Millonig
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology/Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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22
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Kouloulia S, Hallin EI, Simbriger K, Amorim IS, Lach G, Amvrosiadis T, Chalkiadaki K, Kampaite A, Truong VT, Hooshmandi M, Jafarnejad SM, Skehel P, Kursula P, Khoutorsky A, Gkogkas CG. Raptor-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of Deamidated 4E-BP2 Regulates Postnatal Neuronal Translation and NF-κB Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3620-3635.e7. [PMID: 31825840 PMCID: PMC6915327 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation initiation repressor 4E-BP2 is deamidated in the brain on asparagines N99/N102 during early postnatal brain development. This post-translational modification enhances 4E-BP2 association with Raptor, a central component of mTORC1 and alters the kinetics of excitatory synaptic transmission. We show that 4E-BP2 deamidation is neuron specific, occurs in the human brain, and changes 4E-BP2 subcellular localization, but not its disordered structure state. We demonstrate that deamidated 4E-BP2 is ubiquitinated more and degrades faster than the unmodified protein. We find that enhanced deamidated 4E-BP2 degradation is dependent on Raptor binding, concomitant with increased association with a Raptor-CUL4B E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Deamidated 4E-BP2 stability is promoted by inhibiting mTORC1 or glutamate receptors. We further demonstrate that deamidated 4E-BP2 regulates the translation of a distinct pool of mRNAs linked to cerebral development, mitochondria, and NF-κB activity, and thus may be crucial for postnatal brain development in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD. Deamidated 4E-BP2 occurs in neurons and is susceptible to ubiquitination/degradation mTORC1 or glutamate receptor inhibition stabilizes deamidated 4E-BP2 A Raptor-CUL4B ubiquitin ligase complex binds to deamidated 4E-BP2 Deamidated 4E-BP2 regulates postnatal brain translation and NF-κB activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kouloulia
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Erik I Hallin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway
| | - Konstanze Simbriger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Inês S Amorim
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Gilliard Lach
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Theoklitos Amvrosiadis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Kleanthi Chalkiadaki
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Agniete Kampaite
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Vinh Tai Truong
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G1, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hooshmandi
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G1, QC, Canada
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal H3A 0G1, QC, Canada.
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
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23
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Hamdy N, Eide S, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Animal models for neonatal brain injury induced by hypoxic ischemic conditions in rodents. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113457. [PMID: 32889009 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and resulting encephalopathies are of significant concern. Intrapartum asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal death globally. Among surviving infants, there remains a high incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, manifesting as mild conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and debilitating disorders such as cerebral palsy. Various animal models of neonatal hypoxic brain injury have been implemented to explore cellular and molecular mechanisms, assess the potential of novel therapeutic strategies, and characterize the functional and behavioural correlates of injury. Each of the animal models has individual advantages and limitations. The present review looks at several widely-used and alternative rodent models of neonatal hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia; it highlights their strengths and limitations, and their potential for continued and improved use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hamdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sarah Eide
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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24
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Jena A, Montoya CA, Mullaney JA, Dilger RN, Young W, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Gut-Brain Axis in the Early Postnatal Years of Life: A Developmental Perspective. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:44. [PMID: 32848651 PMCID: PMC7419604 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during the early postnatal period can influence brain development and vice-versa. It is increasingly recognized that communication between the GI tract and brain is mainly driven by neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic mediators, collectively called the gut-brain axis (GBA). Changes in the GBA mediators occur in response to the developmental changes in the body during this period. This review provides an overview of major developmental events in the GI tract and brain in the early postnatal period and their parallel developmental trajectories under physiological conditions. Current knowledge of GBA mediators in context to brain function and behavioral outcomes and their synthesis and metabolism (site, timing, etc.) is discussed. This review also presents hypotheses on the role of the GBA mediators in response to the parallel development of the GI tract and brain in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- School of Food & Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane A Mullaney
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Wayne Young
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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25
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Casey S, Goasdoue K, Miller SM, Brennan GP, Cowin G, O'Mahony AG, Burke C, Hallberg B, Boylan GB, Sullivan AM, Henshall DC, O'Keeffe GW, Mooney C, Bjorkman T, Murray DM. Temporally Altered miRNA Expression in a Piglet Model of Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4322-4344. [PMID: 32720074 PMCID: PMC7383124 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most frequent cause of acquired infant brain injury. Early, clinically relevant biomarkers are required to allow timely application of therapeutic interventions. We previously reported early alterations in several microRNAs (miRNA) in umbilical cord blood at birth in infants with HIE. However, the exact timing of these alterations is unknown. Here, we report serial changes in six circulating, cross-species/bridging biomarkers in a clinically relevant porcine model of neonatal HIE with functional analysis. Six miRNAs—miR-374a, miR-181b, miR-181a, miR-151a, miR-148a and miR-128—were significantly and rapidly upregulated 1-h post-HI. Changes in miR-374a, miR-181b and miR-181a appeared specific to moderate-severe HI. Histopathological injury and five miRNAs displayed positive correlations and were predictive of MRS Lac/Cr ratios. Bioinformatic analysis identified that components of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) family may be targets of miR-181a. Inhibition of miR-181a increased neurite length in both SH-SY5Y cells at 1 DIV (days in vitro) and in primary cultures of rat neuronal midbrain at 3 DIV. In agreement, inhibition of miR-181a increased expression of BMPR2 in differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. These miRNAs may therefore act as early biomarkers of HIE, thereby allowing for rapid diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention and may regulate expression of signalling pathways vital to neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Casey
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Kate Goasdoue
- Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Miller
- Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary P Brennan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Cowin
- National Imaging Facility, Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam G O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christopher Burke
- Department of Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Mooney
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracey Bjorkman
- Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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26
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Norton SA, Gifford JJ, Pawlak AP, Derbaly A, Sherman SL, Zhang H, Wagner GC, Kusnecov AW. Long-lasting Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Effects of Postnatal Valproic Acid Treatment. Neuroscience 2020; 434:8-21. [PMID: 32112916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) administered to mice during the early postnatal period causes social, cognitive, and motor deficits similar to those observed in humans with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous studies on the effects of early exposure to VPA have largely focused on behavioral deficits occurring before or during the juvenile period of life. Given that ASD is a life-long condition, the present study ought to extend our understanding of the behavioral profile following early postnatal VPA into adulthood. Male mice treated with VPA on postnatal day 14 (P14) displayed increased aggression, decreased avoidance of the open arms in the elevated plus maze, and impaired reversal learning in the Y maze. This may indicate a disinhibited or impulsive phenotype in male, but not female, mice treated with VPA during the second week of postnatal life. Decreased dendritic spine density and dendritic spine morphological abnormalities in the mPFC of VPA-treated mice may be indicative of PFC hypofunction, consistent with the observed behavioral differences. Since these types of long-lasting deficits are not exclusively found in ASD, early life exposure to VPA may reflect dysfunction of a neurobiological domain common to several developmental disorders, including ASD, ADHD, and conduct disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Norton
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Janace J Gifford
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Anthony P Pawlak
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Anna Derbaly
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Sara L Sherman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - George C Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Alexander W Kusnecov
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, United States.
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27
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Pinheiro DJLL, Oliveira LF, Souza INO, Brogin JAF, Bueno DD, Miranda IA, Da Poian AT, Ferreira ST, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR, Cavalheiro EA, Faber J. Modulation in phase and frequency of neural oscillations during epileptiform activity induced by neonatal Zika virus infection in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6763. [PMID: 32317689 PMCID: PMC7174408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of brain activity is one of the main mechanisms capable of demonstrating the synchronization dynamics of neural oscillations. In epilepsy, modulation is a key concept since seizures essentially result from neural hypersynchronization and hyperexcitability. In this study, we have introduced a time-dependent index based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence to quantify the effects of phase and frequency modulations of neural oscillations in neonatal mice exhibiting epileptiform activity induced by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Through this index, we demonstrate that fast oscillations (gamma and beta 2) are the more susceptible modulated rhythms in terms of phase, during seizures, whereas slow waves (delta and theta) mainly undergo changes in frequency. The index also allowed detection of specific patterns associated with the interdependent modulation of phase and frequency in neural activity. Furthermore, by comparing ZIKV modulations with the general computational model Epileptors, we verify different signatures related to the brain rhythms modulation in phase and frequency. These findings instigate new studies on the effects of ZIKV infection on neuronal networks from electrophysiological activities, and how different mechanisms can trigger epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J L L Pinheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery - Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro F Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery - Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis N O Souza
- School of Pharmacy - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
| | - João A Ferres Brogin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering - São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas D Bueno
- Department of Mathematics - São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção Miranda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- School of Pharmacy - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- School of Pharmacy - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Esper A Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery - Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Faber
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery - Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Nucleus of Neuroengineering and Computation - Institute of Science and Technology - Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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De Araujo Furtado M, Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Figueiredo TH, Apland JP, Braga MFM. Electroencephalographic analysis in soman-exposed 21-day-old rats and the effects of midazolam or LY293558 with caramiphen. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1479:122-133. [PMID: 32237259 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute nerve agent exposure induces status epilepticus (SE), which can cause brain damage or death. Research aiming at developing effective therapies for controlling nerve agent-induced SE is commonly performed in adult rats. The characteristics of nerve agent-induced SE in young rats are less clear; relevant knowledge is necessary for developing effective pediatric therapies. Here, we have used electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and analysis to study seizures in postnatal day 21 rats exposed to 1.2 × LD50 of soman, and compared the antiseizure efficacy of midazolam (MDZ)-currently considered by the Food and Drug Administration to replace diazepam for treating SE in victims of nerve agent exposure-with that of LY293558, an AMPA/GluK1 receptor antagonist, administered in combination with caramiphen, an antimuscarinic with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonistic properties. Prolonged SE developed in 80% of the rats and was reflected in behavioral seizures/convulsions. Both MDZ and LY293558 + caramiphen stopped the SE induced by soman, but there was a significant recurrence of seizures within 24 h postexposure only in the MDZ-treated group, as revealed in the raw EEG data and their representation in the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform and in spectral analysis over 24 hours. In contrast to the high efficacy of LY293558 + caramiphen, MDZ is not an effective treatment for SE induced by soman in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio De Araujo Furtado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taiza H Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James P Apland
- Neurotoxicology Branch, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| | - Maria F M Braga
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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29
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Favié LMA, Peeters-Scholte CMPCD, Bakker A, Tjabbes H, Egberts TCG, van Bel F, Rademaker CMA, Vis P, Groenendaal F. Pharmacokinetics and short-term safety of the selective NOS inhibitor 2-iminobiotin in asphyxiated neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:689-696. [PMID: 31578035 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause for neonatal death and disability, despite treatment with therapeutic hypothermia. 2-Iminobiotin is a promising neuroprotective agent additional to therapeutic hypothermia to improve the outcome of these neonates. METHODS In an open-label study, pharmacokinetics and short-term safety of 2-iminobiotin were investigated in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Group A (n = 6) received four doses of 0.16 mg/kg intravenously q6h. Blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis and monitoring of vital signs for short-term safety analysis were performed. Data from group A was used to determine the dose for group B, aiming at an AUC0-48 h of 4800 ng*h/mL. RESULTS Exposure in group A was higher than targeted (median AUC0-48 h 9522 ng*h/mL); subsequently, group B (n = 6) received eight doses of 0.08 mg/kg q6h (median AUC0-48 h 4465 ng*h/mL). No changes in vital signs were observed and no adverse events related to 2-iminobiotin occurred. CONCLUSION This study indicates that 2-iminobiotin is well tolerated and not associated with any adverse events in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia after perinatal asphyxia. Target exposure was achieved with eight doses of 0.08 mg/kg q6h. Optimal duration of therapy for clinical efficacy needs to be determined in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M A Favié
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Anouk Bakker
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Toine C G Egberts
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank van Bel
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carin M A Rademaker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Vis
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Groenendaal
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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30
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Dupraz S, Hilton BJ, Husch A, Santos TE, Coles CH, Stern S, Brakebusch C, Bradke F. RhoA Controls Axon Extension Independent of Specification in the Developing Brain. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3874-3886.e9. [PMID: 31679934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The specification of an axon and its subsequent outgrowth are key steps during neuronal polarization, a prerequisite to wire the brain. The Rho-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA is believed to be a central player in these processes. However, its physiological role has remained undefined. Here, genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments combined with time-lapse microscopy, cell culture, and in vivo analysis show that RhoA is not involved in axon specification but confines the initiation of neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth during development. Biochemical analysis and super-resolution microscopy together with molecular and pharmacological manipulations reveal that RhoA restrains axon growth by activating myosin-II-mediated actin arc formation in the growth cone to prevent microtubules from protruding toward the leading edge. Through this mechanism, RhoA regulates the duration of axon growth and pause phases, thus controlling the tightly timed extension of developing axons. Thereby, this work unravels physiologically relevant players coordinating actin-microtubule interactions during axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brett J Hilton
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Husch
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Telma E Santos
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte H Coles
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Stern
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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31
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Zalewska A. Developmental milestones in neonatal and juvenile C57Bl/6 mouse - Indications for the design of juvenile toxicity studies. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 88:91-128. [PMID: 31386883 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for wild type mice and mouse models of disease that may be more representative of human conditions but there is little information on neonatal and juvenile mouse anatomy. This project produces sound and comprehensive histology background data on the developing neonatal mouse at different time points from Day 0 until Day 28. The work describes optimal methods for tissue harvesting, fixation and processing from the neonatal and juvenile mice which can be used in routine toxicology studies. A review of the available literature revealed inconsistencies in the developmental milestones reported in the mouse. Although it is true that the sequence of events during the development is virtually the same in mice and rats, important developmental milestones in the mouse often happen earlier than in the rat, and these species should not be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zalewska
- Sequani Limited, Bromyard Road, Ledbury, HR8 1LH, Herefordshire, United Kingdom.
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Lalioti ME, Kaplani K, Lokka G, Georgomanolis T, Kyrousi C, Dong W, Dunbar A, Parlapani E, Damianidou E, Spassky N, Kahle KT, Papantonis A, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. GemC1 is a critical switch for neural stem cell generation in the postnatal brain. Glia 2019; 67:2360-2373. [PMID: 31328313 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of two main niches where neurogenesis persists during adulthood, as it retains neural stem cells (NSCs) with self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage potency. Another critical cellular component of the niche is the population of postmitotic multiciliated ependymal cells. Both cell types are derived from radial glial cells that become specified to each lineage during embryogenesis. We show here that GemC1, encoding Geminin coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1, is associated with congenital hydrocephalus in humans and mice. Our results show that GemC1 deficiency drives cells toward a NSC phenotype, at the expense of multiciliated ependymal cell generation. The increased number of NSCs is accompanied by increased levels of proliferation and neurogenesis in the postnatal SVZ. Finally, GemC1-knockout cells display altered chromatin organization at multiple loci, further supporting a NSC identity. Together, these findings suggest that GemC1 regulates the balance between NSC generation and ependymal cell differentiation, with implications for the pathogenesis of human congenital hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Lalioti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kaplani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Lokka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Christina Kyrousi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ashley Dunbar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evangelia Parlapani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Damianidou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Cilia biology and neurogenesis, Institut de biologie de l' Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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33
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Comorbidities of early-onset temporal epilepsy: Cognitive, social, emotional, and morphologic dimensions. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113005. [PMID: 31278943 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy, the most common neurologic disorder in childhood, is associated with a subset of psychiatric dysfunctions, including cognitive deficits, and alterations in emotionality (e.g., anxiety and depression) and social functioning. In the present study, we evaluated an integrative set of behavioral responses, including cognitive/socio-cognitive and emotional dimensions, using a number of behavioral paradigms in the LiCl/pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE) in rats. The aims of the study were to examine whether SE affects: 1) non-associative learning (habituation of exploratory behavior); 2) investigatory response to an indifferent stimulus object; 3) sociability/social novelty preference; 4) social recognition or discrimination; and 4) short- and long-term memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). Finally, we investigated the morphology of key brain structures involved in the examined behavioral dysfunctions. SE did not affect habituation to an open-field arena in juvenile (P25), adolescent (P32), or adult (P80) rats. SE rats spent less time in the central part of the arena. SE adolescent rats (P32) displayed a higher number of rearings with a shorter duration. SE rats displayed a markedly attenuated investigatory response to an indifferent stimulus object. SE rats in all age groups demonstrated pronounced deficits in sociability and the preference for social novelty. In addition, SE rats spent a reduced amount of time investigating a juvenile rat upon first exposure. After 30 min re-exposure together with an additional, novel juvenile, the SE rats spent equal time investigating both juveniles. In the MWM task, acquisition was unimpaired but there was a deficit in delayed memory retention after 10 days. SE did not affect cognitive flexibility expressed by reversal learning. Together, these findings suggest that early-life SE leads to alterations in emotional/anxiety-related behavior and affects sociability/preference for social novelty and social discrimination. Early-life SE did not alter acquisition of spatial learning, but it impaired delayed retention. Using Fluoro Jade B staining performed 24 h after SE revealed apparent neurodegeneration in the dorsal hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and medial amygdala, brain areas that are critically involved in network underlying emotional behavior and cognitive functions.
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Cosentino L, Vigli D, Franchi F, Laviola G, De Filippis B. Rett syndrome before regression: A time window of overlooked opportunities for diagnosis and intervention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:115-135. [PMID: 31108160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological disorder primarily affecting females, causing severe cognitive, social, motor and physiological impairments for which no cure currently exists. RTT clinical diagnosis is based on the peculiar progression of the disease, since patients show an apparently normal initial development with a subsequent sudden regression at around 2 years of age. Accumulating evidences are rising doubts regarding the absence of early impairments, hence questioning the concept of regression. We reviewed the published literature addressing the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease in both patients and animal models with a particular focus on behavioral, physiological and brain abnormalities. The emerging picture delineates subtle, but reliable impairments that precede the onset of overt symptoms whose bases are likely set up already during embryogenesis. Some of the outlined alterations appear transient, suggesting compensatory mechanisms to occur in the course of development. There is urgent need for more systematic developmental analyses able to detect early pathological markers to be used as diagnostic tools and precocious targets of time-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Cosentino
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Franchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca De Filippis
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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35
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Kroeze Y, Oti M, van Beusekom E, Cooijmans RHM, van Bokhoven H, Kolk SM, Homberg JR, Zhou H. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Multifaceted Regulatory Mechanisms Dictating a Genetic Switch from Neuronal Network Establishment to Maintenance During Postnatal Prefrontal Cortex Development. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:833-851. [PMID: 28108491 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is one of the latest brain regions to mature, which allows the acquisition of complex cognitive abilities through experience. To unravel the underlying gene expression changes during postnatal development, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in the rat medial PFC (mPFC) at five developmental time points from infancy to adulthood, and analyzed the differential expression of protein-coding genes, long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs), and alternative exons. We showed that most expression changes occur in infancy, and that the number of differentially expressed genes reduces toward adulthood. We observed 137 differentially expressed lincRNAs and 796 genes showing alternative exon usage during postnatal development. Importantly, we detected a genetic switch from neuronal network establishment in infancy to maintenance of neural networks in adulthood based on gene expression dynamics, involving changes in protein-coding and lincRNA gene expression as well as alternative exon usage. Our gene expression datasets provide insights into the multifaceted transcriptional regulation of the developing PFC. They can be used to study the basic developmental processes of the mPFC and to understand the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our study provides an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to complete the "brain map", and to the understanding of PFC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvet Kroeze
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Oti
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ellen van Beusekom
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel H M Cooijmans
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon M Kolk
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Sta Maria NS, Sargolzaei S, Prins ML, Dennis EL, Asarnow RF, Hovda DA, Harris NG, Giza CC. Bridging the gap: Mechanisms of plasticity and repair after pediatric TBI. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:78-91. [PMID: 31055004 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States, and may be associated with long lasting impairments into adulthood. The multitude of ongoing neurobiological processes that occur during brain maturation confer both considerable vulnerability to TBI but may also provide adaptability and potential for recovery. This review will examine and synthesize our current understanding of developmental neurobiology in the context of pediatric TBI. Delineating this biology will facilitate more targeted initial care, mechanism-based therapeutic interventions and better long-term prognostication and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Sta Maria
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, ZNI115, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
| | - Saman Sargolzaei
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 956901, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 562, 5th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, United States of America.
| | - Mayumi L Prins
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 956901, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 562, 5th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, United States of America; Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard University and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 951759, 760 Westwood Plaza, 48-240C Semel Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1759, United States of America.
| | - David A Hovda
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 956901, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 562, 5th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, United States of America; Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 956901, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 562 & Semel 18-228A, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, United States of America.
| | - Neil G Harris
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 956901, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 562, 5th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, United States of America; Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Christopher C Giza
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Box 956901, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 562, 5th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, United States of America; Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital - UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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37
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Souza INO, Barros-Aragão FGQ, Frost PS, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR. Late Neurological Consequences of Zika Virus Infection: Risk Factors and Pharmaceutical Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E60. [PMID: 30999590 PMCID: PMC6631207 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was historically considered a disease with mild symptoms and no major consequences to human health. However, several long-term, late onset, and chronic neurological complications, both in congenitally-exposed babies and in adult patients, have been reported after ZIKV infection, especially after the 2015 epidemics in the American continent. The development or severity of these conditions cannot be fully predicted, but it is possible that genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may contribute to determine ZIKV infection outcomes. This reinforces the importance that individuals exposed to ZIKV are submitted to long-term clinical surveillance and highlights the urgent need for the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce or eliminate the neurological burden of infection. Here, we review the epidemiology of ZIKV-associated neurological complications and the role of factors that may influence disease outcome. Moreover, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence of drugs that have shown promising results in vitro or in vitro against viral replication and and/or ZIKV-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis N O Souza
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G Q Barros-Aragão
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Paula S Frost
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Julia R Clarke
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
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38
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Carrasco M, Stafstrom CE. How Early Can a Seizure Happen? Pathophysiological Considerations of Extremely Premature Infant Brain Development. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:417-436. [PMID: 30947192 DOI: 10.1159/000497471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures in neonates represent a neurologic emergency requiring prompt recognition, determination of etiology, and treatment. Yet, the definition and identification of neonatal seizures remain challenging and controversial, in part due to the unique physiology of brain development at this life stage. These issues are compounded when considering seizures in premature infants, in whom the complexities of brain development may engender different clinical and electrographic seizure features at different points in neuronal maturation. In extremely premature infants (< 28 weeks gestational age), seizure pathophysiology has not been explored in detail. This review discusses the physiological and structural development of the brain in this developmental window, focusing on factors that may lead to seizures and their consequences at this early time point. We hypothesize that the clinical and electrographic phenomenology of seizures in extremely preterm infants reflects the specific pathophysiology of brain development in that age window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Carrasco
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl E Stafstrom
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
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39
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Cuello AC, Hall H, Do Carmo S. Experimental Pharmacology in Transgenic Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:189. [PMID: 30886583 PMCID: PMC6409318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This Mini Review discusses the merits and shortfalls of transgenic (tg) rodents modeling aspects of the human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and their application to evaluate experimental therapeutics. It addresses some of the differences between mouse and rat tg models for these investigations. It relates, in a condensed fashion, the experience of our research laboratory with the application of anti-inflammatory compounds and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) at the earliest stages of AD-like amyloid pathology in tg mice. The application of SAM was intended to revert the global brain DNA hypomethylation unleashed by the intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β-immunoreactive material, an intervention that restored levels of DNA methylation including of the bace1 gene. This review also summarizes experimental pharmacology observations made in the McGill tg rat model of AD-like pathology by applying “nano-lithium” or a drug with allosteric M1 muscarinic and sigma 1 receptor agonistic properties (AF710B). Extremely low doses of lithium (up to 400 times lower than used in the clinic) had remarkable beneficial effects on lowering pathology and improving cognitive functions in tg rats. Likewise, AF710B treatment, even at advanced stages of the pathology, displayed remarkable beneficial effects. This drug, in experimental conditions, demonstrated possible “disease-modifying” properties as pathology was frankly diminished and cognition improved after a month of “wash-out” period. The Mini-Review ends with a discussion on the predictive value of similar experimental pharmacological interventions in current rodent tg models. It comments on the validity of some of these approaches for early interventions at preclinical stages of AD, interventions which may be envisioned once definitive diagnosis of AD before clinical presentation is made possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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40
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Loss of interneurons and disruption of perineuronal nets in the cerebral cortex following hypoxia-ischaemia in near-term fetal sheep. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17686. [PMID: 30523273 PMCID: PMC6283845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) in term infants is a common cause of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment. Development of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic circuitry in the cerebral cortex is a critical event in perinatal brain development. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialised extracellular matrix structures that surround GABAergic interneurons, and are important for their function. Herein, we hypothesised that HI would reduce survival of cortical interneurons and disrupt PNNs in a near-term fetal sheep model of global cerebral ischaemia. Fetal sheep (0.85 gestation) received sham occlusion (n = 5) or 30 min of reversible cerebral ischaemia (HI group; n = 5), and were recovered for 7 days. Expression of interneurons (glutamate decarboxylase [GAD]+; parvalbumin [PV]+) and PNNs (Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, WFA) was assessed in the parasagittal cortex by immunohistochemistry. HI was associated with marked loss of both GAD+ and PV+ cortical interneurons (all layers of the parasagittal cortex and layer 6) and PNNs (layer 6). The expression and integrity of PNNs was also reduced on surviving GAD+ interneurons. There was a trend towards a linear correlation of the proportion of GAD+ neurons that were WFA+ with seizure burden (r2 = 0.76, p = 0.0534). Overall, these data indicate that HI may cause deficits in the cortical GABAergic system involving loss of interneurons and disruption of PNNs, which may contribute to the range of adverse neurological outcomes following perinatal brain injury.
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41
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Chung BYT, Bailey CDC. Sex differences in the nicotinic excitation of principal neurons within the developing hippocampal formation. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 79:110-130. [PMID: 30354016 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation (HF) plays an important role to facilitate higher order cognitive functions. Cholinergic activation of heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) within the HF is critical for the normal development of principal neurons within this brain region. However, previous research investigating the expression and function of heteromeric nAChRs in principal neurons of the HF is limited to males or does not differentiate between the sexes. We used whole-cell electrophysiology to show that principal neurons in the CA1 region of the female mouse HF are excited by heteromeric nAChRs throughout postnatal development, with the greatest response occurring during the first two weeks of postnatal life. Excitability responses to heteromeric nAChR stimulation were also found in principal neurons in the CA3, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex layer VI (ECVI) of young postnatal female HF. A direct comparison between male and female mice found that principal neurons in ECVI display greater heteromeric nicotinic passive and active excitability responses in females. This sex difference is likely influenced by the generally more excitable nature of ECVI neurons from female mice, which display a higher resting membrane potential, greater input resistance, and smaller afterhyperpolarization potential of medium duration (mAHP). These findings demonstrate that heteromeric nicotinic excitation of ECVI neurons differs between male and female mice during a period of major circuitry development within the HF, which may have mechanistic implications for known sex differences in the development and function of this cognitive brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Y T Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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42
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López L, Zuluaga MJ, Lagos P, Agrati D, Bedó G. The Expression of Hypoxia-Induced Gene 1 (Higd1a) in the Central Nervous System of Male and Female Rats Differs According to Age. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:462-473. [PMID: 30302618 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HIGD1A (hypoxia-induced gene domain protein-1a), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein present in various cell types, has been mainly associated with anti-apoptotic processes in response to stressors. Our previous findings have shown that Higd1a mRNA is widely expressed across the central nervous system (CNS), exhibiting an increasing expression in the spinal cord from postnatal day 1 (P1) to 15 (P15) and changes in the distribution pattern from P1 to P90. During the first weeks of postnatal life, the great plasticity of the CNS is accompanied by cell death/survival decisions. So we first describe HIGD1A expression throughout the brain during early postnatal life in female and male pups. Secondly, based on the fact that in some areas this process is influenced by the sex of individuals, we explore HIGD1A expression in the sexual dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the medial preoptic area, a region that is several folds larger in male than in female rats, partly due to sex differences in the process of apoptosis during this period. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that HIGD1A is widely but unevenly expressed throughout the brain. Quantitative Western blot analysis of the parietal cortex, diencephalon, and spinal cord from both sexes at P1, P5, P8, and P15 showed that the expression of this protein is predominantly high and changes with age but not sex. Similarly, in the sexual dimorphic nucleus, the expression of HIGD1A varied according to age, but we were not able to detect significant differences in its expression according to sex. Altogether, these results suggest that HIGD1A protein is expressed in several areas of the central nervous system following a pattern that quantitatively changes with age but does not seem to change according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María José Zuluaga
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lagos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniella Agrati
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Bedó
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Wong CT, Bestard-Lorigados I, Crawford DA. Autism-related behaviors in the cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mouse model. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12506. [PMID: 30027581 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an endogenous lipid molecule involved in normal brain development. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is the main regulator of PGE2 synthesis. Emerging clinical and molecular research provides compelling evidence that abnormal COX2/PGE2 signaling is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We previously found that COX2 knockout mice had dysregulated expression of many ASD genes belonging to important biological pathways for neurodevelopment. The present study is the first to show the connection between irregular COX2/PGE2 signaling and autism-related behaviors in male and female COX2-deficient knockin, (COX)-2- , mice at young (4-6 weeks) or adult (8-11 weeks) ages. Autism-related behaviors were prominent in male (COX)-2- mice for most behavioral tests. In the open field test, (COX)-2- mice traveled more than controls and adult male (COX)-2- mice spent less time in the center indicating elevated hyperactive and anxiety-linked behaviors. (COX)-2- mice also buried more marbles, with males burying more than females, suggesting increased anxiety and repetitive behaviors. Young male (COX)-2- mice fell more frequently in the inverted screen test revealing motor deficits. The three-chamber sociability test found that adult female (COX)-2- mice spent less time in the novel mouse chamber indicative of social abnormalities. In addition, male (COX)-2- mice showed altered expression of several autism-linked genes: Wnt2, Glo1, Grm5 and Mmp9. Overall, our findings offer new insight into the involvement of disrupted COX2/PGE2 signaling in ASD pathology with age-related differences and greater impact on males. We propose that (COX)-2- mice might serve as a novel model system to study specific types of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Wong
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Bestard-Lorigados
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorota A Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Maternal pomegranate juice attenuates maternal inflammation-induced fetal brain injury by inhibition of apoptosis, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and NF-κB in a rat model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219:113.e1-113.e9. [PMID: 29709511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal inflammation is a risk factor for neonatal brain injury and future neurological deficits. Pomegranates have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant activities. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that pomegranate juice (POM) may attenuate fetal brain injury in a rat model of maternal inflammation. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant rats (24 total) were randomized for intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/kg) or saline at time 0 at 18 days of gestation. From day 11 of gestation, 12 dams were provided ad libitum access to drinking water, and 12 dams were provided ad libitum access to drinking water with pomegranate juice (5 mL per day), resulting in 4 groups of 6 dams (saline/saline, pomegranate juice/saline, saline/lipopolysaccharide, pomegranate juice/lipopolysaccharide). All dams were sacrificed 4 hours following the injection and maternal blood and fetal brains were collected from the 4 treatment groups. Maternal interleukin-6 serum levels and fetal brain caspase 3 active form, nuclear factor-κB p65, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase), and proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. RESULTS Maternal lipopolysaccharide significantly increased maternal serum interleukin-6 levels (6039 ± 1039 vs 66 ± 46 pg/mL; P < .05) and fetal brain caspase 3 active form, nuclear factor-κB p65, phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, and the proinflammatory cytokines compared to the control group (caspase 3 active form 0.26 ± 0.01 vs 0.20 ± 0.01 U; nuclear factor-κB p65 0.24 ± 0.01 vs 0.1 ± 0.01 U; phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.23 ± 0.01 vs 0.11 ± 0.01 U; interleukin-6 0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.09 ± 0.01 U; tumor necrosis factor-α 0.26 ± 0.01 vs 0.12 ± 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.23 ± 0.01 vs 0.1 ± 0.01 U). Maternal supplementation of pomegranate juice to lipopolysaccharide-exposed dams (pomegranate juice/lipopolysaccharide) significantly reduced maternal serum interleukin-6 levels (3059 ± 1121 pg/mL, fetal brain: caspase 3 active form (0.2 ± 0.01 U), nuclear factor-κB p65 (0.22 ± 0.01 U), phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase (0.19 ± 0.01 U) as well as the brain proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2) compared to lipopolysaccharide group. CONCLUSION Maternal pomegranate juice supplementation may attenuate maternal inflammation-induced fetal brain injury. Pomegranate juice neuroprotective effects might be secondary to the suppression of both the maternal inflammatory response and inhibition of fetal brain apoptosis, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-κB activation.
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Favié LMA, Cox AR, van den Hoogen A, Nijboer CHA, Peeters-Scholte CMPCD, van Bel F, Egberts TCG, Rademaker CMA, Groenendaal F. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition as a Neuroprotective Strategy Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Evidence From Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29725319 PMCID: PMC5916957 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal death and disability worldwide. Treatment with therapeutic hypothermia reduced adverse outcomes from 60 to 45%. Additional strategies are urgently needed to further improve the outcome for these neonates. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a potential neuroprotective target. This article reviews the evidence of neuroprotection by nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition in animal models. METHODS Literature search using the EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Studies comparing NOS inhibition to placebo, with neuroprotective outcome measures, in relevant animal models were included. Methodologic quality of the included studies was assessed. RESULTS 26 studies were included using non-selective or selective NOS inhibition in rat, piglet, sheep, or rabbit animal models. A large variety in outcome measures was reported. Outcome measures were grouped as histological, biological, or neurobehavioral. Both non-selective and selective inhibitors show neuroprotective properties in one or more outcome measures. Methodologic quality was either low or moderate for all studies. CONCLUSION Inhibition of NO synthesis is a promising strategy for additional neuroprotection. In humans, intervention can only take place after the onset of the hypoxic-ischemic event. Therefore, combined inhibition of neuronal and inducible NOS seems the most likely candidate for human clinical trials. Future studies should determine its safety and effectiveness in neonates, as well as a potential sex-specific neuroprotective effect. Researchers should strive to improve methodologic quality of animal intervention studies by using a systematic approach in conducting and reporting of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M. A. Favié
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arlette R. Cox
- Department of Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Agnes van den Hoogen
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cora H. A. Nijboer
- Laboratory of NeuroImmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank van Bel
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Toine C. G. Egberts
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carin M. A. Rademaker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris Groenendaal
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Apland JP, Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Figueiredo TH, Pidoplichko VI, Rossetti K, Braga MFM. Comparing the Antiseizure and Neuroprotective Efficacy of LY293558, Diazepam, Caramiphen, and LY293558-Caramiphen Combination against Soman in a Rat Model Relevant to the Pediatric Population. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:314-326. [PMID: 29467308 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently Food and Drug Administration-approved anticonvulsant for the treatment of status epilepticus (SE) induced by nerve agents is the benzodiazepine diazepam; however, diazepam does not appear to offer neuroprotective benefits. This is of particular concern with respect to the protection of children because, in the developing brain, synaptic transmission mediated via GABAA receptors, the target of diazepam, is weak. In the present study, we exposed 21-day-old male rats to 1.2 × LD50 soman and compared the antiseizure, antilethality, and neuroprotective efficacy of diazepam (10 mg/kg), LY293558 (an AMPA/GluK1 receptor antagonist; 15 mg/kg), caramiphen (CRM, an antimuscarinic with NMDA receptor-antagonistic properties; 50 mg/kg), and LY293558 (15 mg/kg) + CRM (50 mg/kg), administered 1 hour after exposure. Diazepam, LY293558, and LY293558 + CRM, but not CRM alone, terminated SE; LY293558 + CRM treatment acted significantly faster and produced a survival rate greater than 85%. Thirty days after soman exposure, neurodegeneration in limbic regions was most severe in the CRM-treated group, minimal to severe-depending on the region-in the diazepam group, absent to moderate in the LY293558-treated group, and totally absent in the LY293558 + CRM group. Amygdala and hippocampal atrophy, a severe reduction in spontaneous inhibitory activity in the basolateral amygdala, and increased anxiety-like behavior in the open-field and acoustic startle response tests were present in the diazepam and CRM groups, whereas the LY293558 and LY293558 + CRM groups did not differ from controls. The combined administration of LY293558 and CRM, by blocking mainly AMPA, GluK1, and NMDA receptors, is a very effective anticonvulsant and neuroprotective therapy against soman in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Apland
- Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.); and Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (V.A.-A., T.H.F., V.I.P., K.R., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.); and Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (V.A.-A., T.H.F., V.I.P., K.R., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taiza H Figueiredo
- Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.); and Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (V.A.-A., T.H.F., V.I.P., K.R., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Volodymyr I Pidoplichko
- Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.); and Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (V.A.-A., T.H.F., V.I.P., K.R., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katia Rossetti
- Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.); and Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (V.A.-A., T.H.F., V.I.P., K.R., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria F M Braga
- Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.); and Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (V.A.-A., T.H.F., V.I.P., K.R., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Liśkiewicz AD, Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz D, Sługocka A, Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Wiaderkiewicz J, Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H, Barski JJ, Lewin-Kowalik J. The modification of the ketogenic diet mitigates its stunting effects in rodents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:203-210. [PMID: 29045796 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The high-fat and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (HFKD) is extensively studied within the fields of numerous diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Since most studies incorporate animal models, ensuring the quality of ketogenic rodent diets is important, both in the context of laboratory animal welfare as well as for the accuracy of the obtained results. In this study we implemented a modification to a commonly used ketogenic rodent chow by replacing non-resorbable cellulose with wheat bran. We assessed the effects of month-long treatment with either the unmodified or the modified HFKD on the growth and development of young male rats. Daily body weight, functional performance, and brain morphometric parameters were assessed to evaluate the influence of both applied diets on rodent development. Our results revealed that the unmodified ketogenic chow induced strong side effects that included weakness, emaciation, and brain undergrowth concomitant to growth inhibition. However, application of the ketogenic chow supplemented with wheat bran suppressed these adverse side effects, which was associated with the restoration of insulin-like growth factor 1 and a decrease in corticosterone levels. We have also shown that the advantageous results of the modified HFKD are not species- or sex-specific. Our data indicate that the proposed HFKD modification even allows for its application in young animals, without causing detrimental side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Damian Liśkiewicz
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland
| | - Daniela Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Anna Sługocka
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Jan Wiaderkiewicz
- c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,d Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Halina Jędrzejowska-Szypułka
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
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48
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The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome. Cell 2017; 167:915-932. [PMID: 27814521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 852] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many neurological conditions. Indeed, emerging data suggest communication between the gut and the brain in anxiety, depression, cognition, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of a healthy, functional brain depends on key pre- and post-natal events that integrate environmental cues, such as molecular signals from the gut. These cues largely originate from the microbiome, the consortium of symbiotic bacteria that reside within all animals. Research over the past few years reveals that the gut microbiome plays a role in basic neurogenerative processes such as the formation of the blood-brain barrier, myelination, neurogenesis, and microglia maturation and also modulates many aspects of animal behavior. Herein, we discuss the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and the microbiome and explore the hypothesis that gut bacteria are integral contributors to development and function of the nervous system and to the balance between mental health and disease.
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Hunter DS, Hazel SJ, Kind KL, Liu H, Marini D, Giles LC, De Blasio MJ, Owens JA, Pitcher JB, Gatford KL. Effects of induced placental and fetal growth restriction, size at birth and early neonatal growth on behavioural and brain structural lateralization in sheep. Laterality 2016; 22:560-589. [PMID: 27759494 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2016.1243552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poor perinatal growth in humans results in asymmetrical grey matter loss in fetuses and infants and increased functional and behavioural asymmetry, but specific contributions of pre- and postnatal growth are unclear. We therefore compared strength and direction of lateralization in obstacle avoidance and maze exit preference tasks in offspring of placentally restricted (PR: 10M, 13F) and control (CON: 23M, 17F) sheep pregnancies at 18 and 40 weeks of age, and examined gross brain structure of the prefrontal cortex at 52 weeks of age (PR: 14M, 18F; CON: 23M, 25F). PR did not affect lateralization direction, but 40-week-old PR females had greater lateralization strength than CON (P = .021). Behavioural lateralization measures were not correlated with perinatal growth. PR did not alter brain morphology. In males, cross-sectional areas of the prefrontal cortex and left hemisphere correlated positively with skull width at birth, and white matter area correlated positively with neonatal growth rate of the skull (all P < .05). These studies reinforce the need to include progeny of both sexes in future studies of neurodevelopmental programming, and suggest that restricting in utero growth has relatively mild effects on gross brain structural or behavioural lateralization in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Seth Hunter
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia.,c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Susan J Hazel
- c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Karen L Kind
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Hong Liu
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Danila Marini
- c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Lynne C Giles
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,d School of Population Health , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Julia B Pitcher
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
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Carson R, Monaghan-Nichols AP, DeFranco DB, Rudine AC. Effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on the developing brain. Steroids 2016; 114:25-32. [PMID: 27343976 PMCID: PMC5052110 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate distinct physiological processes in the developing fetus, in particular accelerating organ maturation that enables the fetus to survive outside the womb. In preterm birth, the developing fetus does not receive sufficient exposure to endogenous GCs in utero for proper organ development predisposing the neonate to complications including intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Synthetic GCs (sGCs) have proven useful in the prevention of these complications since they are able to promote the rapid maturation of underdeveloped organs present in the fetus. While these drugs have proven to be clinically effective in the prevention of IVH, RDS and NEC, they may also trigger adverse developmental side effects. This review will examine the current clinical use of antenatal sGC therapy in preterm birth, their placental metabolism, and their effects on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Carson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - A Paula Monaghan-Nichols
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Neurobiology, United States
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, United States
| | - Anthony C Rudine
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, United States.
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