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Bocci Benucci S, Di Gesto C, Ghinassi S, Casale S, Fioravanti G. Pornography use, problematic pornography use, impulsivity, and sensation seeking: a meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2024:qdae101. [PMID: 39183145 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While some individuals engage in recreational pornography use (PU), others may develop an uncontrolled pattern of use termed problematic pornography use (PPU). PPU is characterized by persistent, excessive, or compulsive engagement with pornographic content, despite distress and adverse consequences. Impulsivity has been identified as a factor associated with PU and PPU. AIM The present meta-analysis aims to sum up the existing research on the relationship between impulsivity and PU/PPU and investigate whether age and gender could moderate this relationship. METHODS A keyword-based systematic literature search was performed to identify articles that assessed PU/PPU and impulsivity. Extracted correlations were converted into Fisher's Z. Meta-regression analyses were also performed. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's regression intercept. OUTCOMES Outcomes included general impulsivity and its dimensions (ie, negative and positive urgency, lack of premeditation and perseverance), sensation seeking, PU, and PPU. RESULTS Meta-analytic results of the random effects model showed a significant positive correlation between impulsivity as total score and PU (n = 1504, k = 4, Fisher's Z = 0.21, P < .001) and PPU (n = 20174, k = 13, Fisher's Z = 0.17, P < .001). Significant and positive associations were also found between sensation seeking and PU (n = 11707, k = 11, Fisher's Z = 0.14, P < .001) and PPU (n = 20152, k = 9, Fisher's Z = 0.06, P < .001). Concerning the relationship between PPU and different dimensions of impulsivity, almost all the associations were significant and positive. The dimension of positive urgency and attentional and nonplanning impulsivity showed the strongest association. Age (β = -0.50, Q = 101.26, df = 11, P < .001) and gender (female = 1; β = -0.46, Q = 102.54, df = 12, P < .001) moderated the association between general impulsivity and PPU. No risk of publication bias emerged. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Prevention programs of PPU should focus on impulsivity and certain key dimensions (eg, positive urgency, attentional and nonplanning impulsivity) and be tailored to individual impulsivity profiles, considering age and gender differences. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The primary strength of this meta-analysis is that it considers various conceptualizations of impulsivity. However, the results are to be interpreted with caution since >30% of relevant studies had to be excluded because information could not be gathered from the study authors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that general impulsivity is linked to PU and PPU and that specific dimensions of impulsivity (ie, attentional impulsivity, nonplanning impulsivity, and positive urgency) can serve as risk factors for PPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bocci Benucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Cristian Di Gesto
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, 50135, Italy
| | - Simon Ghinassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, 50135, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, 50135, Italy
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Hall CE, Brooks SK, Potts HWW, Greenberg N, Weston D. Rates of, and factors associated with, common mental disorders in homeworking UK Government response employees' during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey and secondary data analysis. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:429. [PMID: 39113130 PMCID: PMC11308339 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Working on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased risk to mental health and wellbeing in multiple occupations and contexts. The current study aimed to provide an insight into the rate of probable mental health problems amongst United Kingdom (UK) Government employees who contributed to the COVID-19 response whilst working from home, and to ascertain what factors and constructs, if any, influence mental health and wellbeing in the sample population. METHOD This paper reports on the findings from two studies completed by UK Government employees. Study 1: A cross-sectional online survey, containing standardised and validated measures of common mental health disorders of staff who actively contributed to the COVID-19 response from their own homes. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with mental health outcomes. Study 2: A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected across three timepoints (May, June, and August) in 2020 focusing on the wellbeing of employees who worked from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Study 1: 17.9% of participants met the threshold criteria for a probable moderate anxiety disorder, moderate depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Younger, less resilient, less productive individuals, with lower personal wellbeing and less enjoyment of working from home, were more likely to present with poorer mental health. Study 2: Found lower wellbeing was consistently associated with having less opportunities to look after one's physical and mental health, and having unsupportive line managers and colleagues. CONCLUSION It is important to ensure UK Government employees' psychological needs are met whilst working from home and responding to enhanced incidents. It is recommended that workplaces should be seeking to continually build and improve employee resilience (e.g., through opportunities to increase social ties and support networks), essentially ensuring employees have necessary resources and skills to support themselves and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Hall
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - Samantha K Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Henry W W Potts
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Dale Weston
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Evaluation & Translation Directorate, Science Group, UKHSA, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
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Zhao J, Chapman E, Houghton S. Internal Strengths for Adverse Life Events. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:665. [PMID: 39199060 PMCID: PMC11351213 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a brief measure of four internal attributes found to protect against the impact of adverse life events on mental health was developed and validated. In addition, profiles of internal strengths that significantly predict mental health outcomes in young Chinese adults were identified. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on data from 831 Chinese university students supported the proposed four-factor model of the ISALES. Participants in the current study fell into two clusters, with one cluster being higher than the other in all four internal strengths, with the former cluster demonstrating better overall mental health than those in the latter cluster. The ISALES is a promising instrument for use in clinical settings and may be used to identify individuals who are more 'at risk' of developing poor mental health in the aftermath of a negative life event. The use of the ISALES may permit tailored interventions and timely support to be provided to individuals within clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Chapman
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.Z.); (S.H.)
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Ren Y, Wang H, Li J. Proactive vitality management, goal attainment, and psychological well-being among college students: A weekly diary study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:1073-1099. [PMID: 38145977 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Student well-being is under renewed scrutiny due to escalating academic stress and mental health concerns among young adults. However, in addition to the measures taken by lecturers, universities, and local governments (top-down approaches), we still know little about how students themselves can take the proactive strategy to manage their well-being (bottom-up approaches). The current study addressed this gap by proposing and examining the beneficial role of proactive vitality management (PVM)-a proactive action aimed at managing physical and mental energy based on personal unique needs and conditions-on student psychological well-being. We collected data from 97 college students (36% male, age mean = 21) over four consecutive weeks (308 data observations) and tested a multilevel moderated mediation model. Results showed that weekly PVM was positively related to student weekly goal attainment, which, in turn, enhanced the current week's well-being and the next week's well-being as well. Further, this positive indirect (carryover) effect of PVM through goal attainment on well-being was stronger for those who had a high learning orientation. Our results indicated that PVM can be an effective self-customized strategy to manage college students' weekly well-being. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huatian Wang
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jingru Li
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Uniyal R, Shahnawaz MG. Wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use: Serial Mediation of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1705-1726. [PMID: 36420682 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221141311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between wellbeing and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has been explored in the past, however, the role of the potential mediators of this association is a relatively neglected area of research. Therefore, the current study examined mindfulness and self-compassion as mediators of the relationship between wellbeing and PSU in 220 university students. WHO-5 Wellbeing Index, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale- State, Self-Compassion Scale- Short form and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version were used for assessing wellbeing, mindfulness, self-compassion, and PSU respectively. Wellbeing had a direct and indirect effect on PSU. In addition, results supported a serial mediation model where wellbeing was found to influence PSU via mindfulness and self-compassion in a sequential manner. The results expanded the Compensatory Internet Use Theory (CIUT) to understand PSU and have implications for the management of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Dorra J, Jarraya S. The Effect of a Short-Term Mindfulness Program on Motor Skills and on Psychological and Social Behavior in Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Percept Mot Skills 2024:315125241267348. [PMID: 39038803 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241267348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of a one-week mindfulness-based intervention on resilience, social behavior, and motor skills in four to five-year-old children. In this randomized controlled trial, 45 children (22 females; 23 males; M age = 4.5, SD = 0.4 years) from the same preschool were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) a mindfulness group (MG; n = 15) that participated in five 30-min mindfulness sessions; (b) a physical activity group (PAG; n = 15) that engaged in five 45-min physical exercise sessions; and a control group (CG; n = 15) that received no intervention. Training sessions were held on five consecutive days. Prior to (T0) and after the five mindfulness sessions (T1), all participants blindly completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (to assess their motor skills), the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (to evaluate their behavior), and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (to measure their resilience). At baseline (T0), there were no significant differences between the groups. The mindfulness group experienced the strongest positive effects after the intervention (T1), with improvements in both motor skills and social behavior, though there was no significant effect on resilience. Our results suggest that a brief mindfulness training intervention is a promising strategy for improving motor skills and social behavior in early childhood settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalleli Dorra
- Research Laboratory (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sana Jarraya
- Research Laboratory (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Tabib M, Humphrey T, Forbes-McKay K. The influence of antenatal relaxation classes on perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences: a qualitative study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38895982 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2369937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that antenatal education incorporating relaxation practices can positively influence perinatal psychological wellbeing. However, a paucity of qualitative research is evident. Gaining insight into how and why such education may influence childbearing women, can inform the design of effective educational interventions. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of women and their partners on how and why a single Antenatal Relaxation Class (ARC) might influence perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences. METHOD In this descriptive qualitative study, 17 women and 9 partners participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study was carried out in a Scottish NHS Health Board where ARC was provided to expectant parents. FINDINGS Two themes were generated, namely: 'the turning point', and 'recognition of an inner resource'. Participants perceived ARC as 'the turning point' when they became more confident, equipped, and less fearful and anxious towards childbirth. 'Understanding of the psychophysiological processes of childbirth', 'positive stories', and 'practice of relaxation techniques' were reported as the main reasons for these positive changes. Participants explained ARC had enabled them to access a deep sense of calmness as 'an inner resource' and motivated the use of relaxation techniques as a self-care behaviour throughout pregnancy and childbirth. CONCLUSION A single antenatal relaxation class has the potential to enhance perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences. This study provides valuable insights for maternity services seeking to develop effective health-promoting antenatal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Tabib
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedic Practice, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tracy Humphrey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Mahmoudi F, Zarnaghash M, Shegefti NS, Barzegar M. The effect of educational intervention according to mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:320. [PMID: 38825708 PMCID: PMC11145817 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The low level of psychological well-being is one of the most common problems of the women who are the heads of households, and various educational programs have been conducted to improve the psychological well-being of such a group. The present study was conducted to outline the effectiveness of mindfulness-based educational intervention in the psychological well-being of women as the heads of households. METHODS This research as a semi-experimental study was done by pretest-posttest design and control group. The study statistical population included all women as the heads of households in Shiraz, who had a file in the Shiraz based welfare office and at the same time their children were studying in schools covered by the 2nd district educational department of Shiraz in 2022-2023. Out of the female heads of the households in the statistical community, 30 women were selected as Purposive sampling and then randomly divided into two 15-individual groups, including experimental group (training on mindfulness-based therapy) and control group. The research tool included Ryff's psychological well-being scale (Ryff, 1989). The experimental group was subjected to training on mindfulness-based therapy (Baer et al., 2006) during eight 90-min sessions. However, the control group did not receive any intervention. RESULT After running the intervention, a significant difference was seen between the components of autonomy, personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, and psychological well-being after running the educational intervention between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.05), while no meaningful difference popped up between the experimental and control groups in terms of environmental mastery as one of the aspects measured in psychological well-being scale after the educational intervention (P = 0.602). CONCLUSION According to the results, it seems that psychologists can benefit from the method of training on mindfulness-based therapy in order to increase the psychological well-being of women as the heads of households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Mahmoudi
- Educational Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarnaghash
- Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
| | - Nadere Sohrabi Shegefti
- Department of General Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Majid Barzegar
- Department of Educational Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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Dao A, Pegg S, Okland S, Green H, Kujawa A. Longitudinal associations between sense of belonging, imposter syndrome, and first-year college students' mental health. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38810263 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2355162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The first year of college is a time of major changes in social dynamics, raising questions about ways to promote students' mental health. We examined longitudinal associations between students' sense of belonging, imposter syndrome, depressive symptoms, and well-being. Participants: Fifty-eight first-year college students at a university in the United States participated in the study. Methods: Students completed questionnaires during the first 6 months of college (T1) and at the end of the academic year (T2). Results: Greater sense of social and academic belonging was correlated with lower imposter syndrome, depression, and greater well-being at T1. Accounting for T1 measures, lower imposter syndrome predicted greater well-being but not depression at T2. Accounting for T1 mental health, belonging was not a significant predictor of depression or well-being at T2. Conclusion: Increasing sense of belonging and addressing imposter syndrome early in the transition to college may be critical in promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Dao
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sydney Okland
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Haley Green
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Powell M, Sexton B, Adair KC. Self-compassion letter tool for healthcare worker well-being: a qualitative descriptive analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078784. [PMID: 38580364 PMCID: PMC11002434 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative study aimed to identify categories within therapeutic self-compassion letters written by healthcare workers. Resulting categories were assessed for their relevance to the construct of self-compassion. DESIGN This was a qualitative descriptive study that used summative content analysis and inductive coding. SETTING A US-based academic healthcare system. PARTICIPANTS Healthcare workers who attended a self-compassion webinar were recruited. INTERVENTION The online self-compassion tool asked participants to write a letter to themselves from the perspective of a friend providing support and encouragement. RESULTS 116 letters were analysed. Five major categories emerged: Looking Forward, Reaffirming Self, Reaffirming Reminders, Hardships and Self-Disparagement. Respondents' letters were mostly positively framed and forward thinking, including their hopes of improving themselves and their lives in the future. Negative content generally described hardships and often served to provide self-validation or perspective on obstacles that had been overcome. CONCLUSION The writing prompt elicited content from the writers that reflected the core elements of self-compassion (ie, self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness). Continued research to further understand, refine and improve the impact of therapeutic letter writing to enhance well-being is warranted to reduce burnout and promote quality patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Powell
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan Sexton
- Duke Center for the Advancement of Well-Being Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn C Adair
- Duke Center for the Advancement of Well-Being Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Gautam S, Kiran UV. Clinical Effects of Yoga and Meditational Practices on the Holistic Health of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57546. [PMID: 38707181 PMCID: PMC11068214 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As the world accelerates, sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles have an increasingly negative impact on human physical and emotional well-being. Millions of people globally are thought to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is frequently brought on by diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Over time, the illness gets worse and eventually results in irreversible renal failure. A person's life can be seriously affected by CKD in many different ways, including emotionally, socially, physically, and financially. Apart from physiological manifestations like anemia, discomfort, and exhaustion, CKD can also result in psychological problems like anxiety and depression, which can impair one's overall standard of life. Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of yoga and meditation on people with chronic renal disease, enhancing their general health and quality of life. Because of therapeutic limitations, familial pressures, financial restraints, and symptoms of end-stage kidney disease, people with CKD frequently experience stress and anxiety. By reducing stress and anxiety, yoga and meditation can help individuals with chronic conditions maintain their health and improve their overall well-being. Recent research has found that yoga can improve blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and basal metabolic rate as well as reduce blood pressure and blood sugar levels by balancing the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that yoga helps CKD patients live healthier lives by lowering stress, anxiety, and sadness. Healthcare professionals can help patients with chronic renal disease manage their symptoms and enhance their general health and well-being by adding yoga and meditation into their treatment regimens. Modifying lifestyle is essential for both the prevention and treatment of chronic renal disease. CKD often co-occurs with other age-related and sedentary lifestyles and poor diet-related chronic conditions. The dearth of targeted treatment for a large percentage of CKD patients led to the investigation of the therapeutic applications of yoga and meditation in this study. These affordable, non-invasive therapies provide a comprehensive approach to controlling CKD, benefiting both healthy individuals and those with CKD in terms of their physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gautam
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
| | - U V Kiran
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Does mindfulness moderate the association between impulsivity and well-being in Lebanese university students? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1397-1409. [PMID: 37211811 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2212595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence showed that impulsivity is negatively related to life satisfaction and wellbeing; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. We aimed through this work to investigate the relationship between impulsivity dimensions and well-being and to explore the moderator role of mindfulness on this relationship in a sample of Lebanese university students. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 363 university students recruited through convenience sampling through several universities in Lebanon's governorates. Higher mindfulness was significantly associated with better wellbeing in the models that considered urgency and sensation seeking as independent variables. A lack of premeditation and a lack of perseverance were both inversely associated with well-being. The interaction lack of perseverance by mindfulness was significantly associated with wellbeing; for students who were low in mindfulness, more lack of perseverance was significantly associated with a lower wellbeing. Our study suggested that mindfulness practice may offer a promising avenue for implementing strategies aiming at improving the well-being of students with high levels of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba City, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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Mopkins D, Lee M, Malecha A. Personal, Social, and Workplace Environmental Factors Related to Psychological Well-Being of Staff in University Settings. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:108-118. [PMID: 38229557 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231214249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the psychological well-being (PWB) of university staff and factors that influence it is critical for developing intervention programs that promote PWB and enhance productivity and worker engagement. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the level of PWB in university staff and identify personal, social, and workplace environmental factors related to their PWB. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used. A convenience sample of university staff was recruited from two universities in Texas. Participants completed an online questionnaire, which included Ryff's PWB scale to measure PWB, along with questions related to personal, social, and workplace factors. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the influence of these factors on the PWB of university staff. RESULTS The PWB of university staff (n = 202) was significantly influenced by personal factors (i.e., race and perceived mental health status), social factors (i.e., social support of friends), and workplace environmental factors (i.e., physical demands). CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE To effectively promote PWB among university staff, occupational health nurses should proactively track and monitor their PWB. Policies and interventions should consider the various personal, social, and workplace environment factors identified in this study, such as mental health, social support resources, and physical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikyoung Lee
- Texas Woman's University College of Nursing, Dallas
| | - Ann Malecha
- Texas Woman's University College of Nursing, Houston
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Sayed T, Malan H, Fourie E. Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1323466. [PMID: 38414871 PMCID: PMC10898365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1323466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Resilience pertains to an individual's ability to withstand, adapt, and recuperate from adversity and stress. As the world grapples with unprecedented challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being becomes essential. Preliminary observations suggest that those with a higher resilience tend to have better psychological well-being, indicating a possible symbiotic relationship between the two. This study was structured using a cross-sectional survey design. A convenience sampling technique was employed, including 631 respondents in South Africa. Data collection took place between June 11 and July 9, 2022, facilitated through a Google Forms questionnaire. This questionnaire encompassed various instruments, namely a biographical questionnaire, the CD-RISC 10, the WHO Well-being Index, the FACIT-Sp-12, and the PMHS. The findings from the collected data highlighted a strong correlation between resilience and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. This elevation in resilience can be instrumental in augmenting psychological well-being. As such, interventions or programs aimed at enhancing individual and community well-being might benefit from incorporating elements that bolster resilience, especially during periods of global adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Sayed
- Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hanelie Malan
- Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Erika Fourie
- Research Design, Statistical Analysis and Interpretation: Pure and Applied Analytics, School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
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15
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Shemesh S, Feldman R, Zagoory-Sharon O, Tzur Bitan D, Grossman-Giron A, Chen D, Maoz H, Bloch Y. Oxytocin as a transdiagnostic biomarker of well-being in severe mental illness during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:355-363. [PMID: 38101184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have been found to suffer a greater decline in psychological well-being compared to the general population in times of stress. The present study aimed to examine clinical and endocrine resilience factors of psychological well-being in SMI patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS After Covid-19 crisis outburst in Israel 112 participants, 69 outpatients, and 43 inpatients and day treatment patients were recruited. Outpatients signed an online informed consent and filled in questionnaires regarding their level of mental health symptoms (OQ-45), fear of Covid-19 (FCV), and psychological well-being (PWB). Inpatients answered the same questionnaires and in addition, went through a positive social interaction paradigm while providing three saliva samples to measure their s-IgA and oxytocin (OT) levels. RESULTS A strong negative correlation was found in the whole sample between reported mental health symptoms, fear of Covid-19, and well-being. Hierarchical regression did not find additional contribution of the fear of the pandemic in predicting well-being beyond the impact of symptomatology. For inpatients (N = 39) only, hierarchical regression found that oxytocin, but not s-IgA could explain 5% of the variance of well-being (R2 = 0.05) in individuals with SMI regardless of their mental health symptoms (R2 = 0.46) and their marital status (R2 = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS OT is suggested as a possible independent biological resilience factor of well-being in times of major stress among SMI patients. It is still unknown whether OT is a mediator that contributes to well-being or a biological marker that indicates the degree of beneficial social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana Tzur Bitan
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Dror Chen
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod- Hasharon, Israel; School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Maoz
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod- Hasharon, Israel; School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Fan Y, Cui Y, Tang R, Sarkar A, Mehta P, Tang YY. Salivary testosterone and cortisol response in acute stress modulated by seven sessions of mindfulness meditation in young males. Stress 2024; 27:2316041. [PMID: 38377148 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2316041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is an established risk factor for negative health outcomes. Salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations increase in response to acute psychosocial stress. It's crucial to reduce stress for health and well-being through evidence-based interventions. Body-mind interventions such as meditation and Tai Chi have shown reduced cortisol levels but mixed results in testosterone concentration after stress. To address this research gap, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to examine the modulating effects of a short-term (seven 20-minute sessions) mindfulness meditation on testosterone and cortisol in response to acute stress. Using one form of mindfulness meditation - Integrative Body-Mind Training (IBMT) and an active control-relaxation training (RT), we assessed salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations at three stages of stress intervention - rest, stress, and an additional 20-min IBMT or RT practice. We found increased cortisol and testosterone concentrations after acute stress in both groups, but testosterone rise was not associated with cortisol rise. Moreover, an additional practice immediately after stress produced higher testosterone concentrations in the IBMT group than the RT group, whereas cortisol concentration increased in the RT group than in the IBMT group at the same time point. These findings indicate that brief mindfulness intervention modulates a dual-hormone profile of testosterone and cortisol in response to acute stress presumably via the co-regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Fan
- Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifen Cui
- Central Lab, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amar Sarkar
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pranjal Mehta
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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17
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Scafuto F, Ghiroldi S, Montecucco NF, De Vincenzo F, Quinto RM, Presaghi F, Iani L. Promoting well-being in early adolescents through mindfulness: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Adolesc 2024; 96:57-69. [PMID: 37740437 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Gaia program is a 12-week mindfulness intervention based on cultivating body, emotional, and ecological self-awareness, which has been shown to be effective in reducing children's and adolescents' internalizing problems at school. This paper presents the results of a cluster randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this program on improving psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and psychological distress in early adolescents. METHODS A sample of 195 early adolescent students (boys, n = 99; girls, n = 96) with a mean age of 11.49 years (standard deviation = 0.80) attending 12 middle school classes participated in the study. Seven Gaia instructors belonging to six schools led the program. Measures were administered at three time points, approximately every 3 months: 1 week before treatment, 1 week after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. We used a multilevel regression model to test whether treatment was effective in increasing psychological well-being and subjective well-being, and reducing psychological distress, as compared to a waiting-list control group. RESULTS The results showed that the Gaia program improved psychological well-being but not subjective well-being and psychological distress. Specifically, the Gaia program was effective in increasing personal growth and purpose in life, the key eudaimonic components of psychological well-being, in the experimental group whereas they decreased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence that the Gaia program for early adolescents may improve the core eudaimonic components of psychological well-being from pretest to follow-up that, conversely, decrease in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scafuto
- Department of Literature, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Social Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Iani
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Udine, Italy
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18
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Voelker P, Weible AP, Niell CM, Rothbart MK, Posner MI. Molecular Mechanisms for Changing Brain Connectivity in Mice and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15840. [PMID: 37958822 PMCID: PMC10648558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine commonalities in the molecular basis of learning in mice and humans. In previous work we have demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HC) are involved in learning a two-choice visuospatial discrimination task. Here, we began by looking for candidate genes upregulated in mouse ACC and HC with learning. We then determined which of these were also upregulated in mouse blood. Finally, we used RT-PCR to compare candidate gene expression in mouse blood with that from humans following one of two forms of learning: a working memory task (network training) or meditation (a generalized training shown to change many networks). Two genes were upregulated in mice following learning: caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 6 (Card6) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (Impdh2). The Impdh2 gene product catalyzes the first committed step of guanine nucleotide synthesis and is tightly linked to cell proliferation. The Card6 gene product positively modulates signal transduction. In humans, Card6 was significantly upregulated, and Impdh2 trended toward upregulation with training. These genes have been shown to regulate pathways that influence nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a factor previously found to be related to enhanced synaptic function and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Voelker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
| | - Aldis P. Weible
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Cristopher M. Niell
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mary K. Rothbart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
| | - Michael I. Posner
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.W.); (C.M.N.)
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19
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Pan Z, Wang Y, Derakhshan A. Unpacking Chinese EFL Students' Academic Engagement and Psychological Well-Being: The Roles of Language Teachers' Affective Scaffolding. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023; 52:1799-1819. [PMID: 37249799 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-09974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has appeared a surge of research interest in language learners' academic engagement and psychological well-being as important factors in improving the quality of education. However, research on the roles of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' affective scaffolding in enhancing the academic engagement and psychological well-being of their students is relatively scant. Inspired by this gap, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of Chinese EFL teachers' affective scaffolding on their learners' academic engagement and psychological well-being. To this end, a total number of 1968 Chinese EFL learners participated in this questionnaire survey. The results of the study showed that EFL teachers' affective scaffolding positively and significantly predicted students' academic engagement and psychological well-being. More specifically, it was found that teachers' affective scaffolding explained about 73% and 65% of variances in EFL students' academic engagement and psychological well-being. Moreover, it was found that psychological well-being and academic engagement were positively correlated and predicted 56% of each other's variances. In accordance with these findings, educators are recommended to build up a harmonious teacher-student relationship to foster students' psych-emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Pan
- School of Foreign Languages, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ali Derakhshan
- Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
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20
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Boavida J, Ayanoglu H, Pereira CV, Hernandez-Ramirez R. Active Aging and Smart Public Parks. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:94. [PMID: 37887967 PMCID: PMC10606855 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging, with the percentage of people over 60 expected to rise from 12% to 22% and 33% residing in developed countries. However, most cities lack the appropriate infrastructure to support aging citizens in active aging and traversing the urban landscape, negatively impacting their quality of life. Studies have shown that public parks and green spaces can contribute to a higher quality of life and wellbeing. Also, smart cities are intended to improve the wellbeing and health of their inhabitants. However, most solutions are typically implemented indoors and tend to overlook the needs of older adults. A smart city should consider the increasing rate of aging and give more importance to outdoor environments as a key aspect of quality of life. The article's main purpose is to provide a comprehensive background to understand the current knowledge on smart public parks and highlight the significance of new research in the field to promote active aging. The article is expected to inspire new research ideas by identifying gaps in knowledge. Open and challenging issues in emerging smart park solutions are proposed for further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Boavida
- Unidade de Investigação em Design e Comunicação, Faculdade de Design, Tecnologia e Comunicação, UNIDCOM/IADE, Universidade Europeia, IADE, Av. D. Carlos I, 4, 1200-649 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hande Ayanoglu
- Unidade de Investigação em Design e Comunicação, Faculdade de Design, Tecnologia e Comunicação, UNIDCOM/IADE, Universidade Europeia, IADE, Av. D. Carlos I, 4, 1200-649 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristóvão Valente Pereira
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Belas-Artes, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, Universidade de Lisboa, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes, 1249-058 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Hernandez-Ramirez
- Unidade de Investigação em Design e Comunicação, Faculdade de Design, Tecnologia e Comunicação, UNIDCOM/IADE, Universidade Europeia, IADE, Av. D. Carlos I, 4, 1200-649 Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Karam JM, Bouteen C, Mahmoud Y, Tur JA, Bouzas C. The Relationship between Social Media Use and Body Image in Lebanese University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:3961. [PMID: 37764745 PMCID: PMC10538105 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-being is not only defined as being physically healthy; multiple factors can affect a person's well-being. Social media is strongly correlated with the body dissatisfaction of an individual. High exposure to lean and toned body shapes has created new standards and "idealized" body types. The aim of this article was to assess the relationship between social media and body image among university students in Lebanon. Data were obtained from 292 university students (median age: 22 years), selected from different Lebanese regions by using convenience sampling. Demographic data, social media addiction, body satisfaction, levels of physical activity, eating behaviors, and ultimate well-being were expressed as median and interquartile range. People who relied more on social media were younger than those who did not. Individuals addicted to social media had higher odds of having moderate and marked body image concerns. A significant association was found between social media addiction and emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and feeling hunger. These findings stress the need for rising regional and national awareness among social media users, especially the younger ones, and the implementation of intervention and prevention techniques to help prevent body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating patterns, and the alteration of overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Karam
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103 2180, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour 113-7501, Lebanon
| | - Carol Bouteen
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour 113-7501, Lebanon
| | - Yara Mahmoud
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Science, Damour 113-7501, Lebanon
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Ma Y, Yang H, Vazquez M, Buraks O, Haack M, Mullington JM, Goldstein MR. Dismantling the Component-Specific Effects of Yogic Breathing: Feasibility of a Fully Remote Three-Arm RCT with Virtual Laboratory Visits and Wearable Physiology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3180. [PMID: 36833875 PMCID: PMC9958552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing research base examining the benefits and physiological mechanisms of slow-paced breathing (SPB), mindfulness (M), and their combination (as yogic breathing, SPB + M), no studies have directly compared these in a "dismantling" framework. To address this gap, we conducted a fully remote three-armed feasibility study with wearable devices and video-based laboratory visits. Eighteen healthy participants (age 18-30 years, 12 female) were randomized to one of three 8-week interventions: slow-paced breathing (SPB, N = 5), mindfulness (M, N = 6), or yogic breathing (SPB + M, N = 7). The participants began a 24-h heart rate recording with a chest-worn device prior to the first virtual laboratory visit, consisting of a 60-min intervention-specific training with guided practice and experimental stress induction using a Stroop test. The participants were then instructed to repeat their assigned intervention practice daily with a guided audio, while concurrently recording their heart rate data and completing a detailed practice log. The feasibility was determined using the rates of overall study completion (100%), daily practice adherence (73%), and the rate of fully analyzable data from virtual laboratory visits (92%). These results demonstrate feasibility for conducting larger trial studies with a similar fully remote framework, enhancing the ecological validity and sample size that could be possible with such research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA
| | - Michael Vazquez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Buraks
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monika Haack
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janet M. Mullington
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael R. Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Zhang J, Gao T, Li Y, Song Z, Cui M, Wei Q, Chen Z, Peng F, Lyu S. The effect of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi on college students' anxiety and depression: A randomized, controlled pilot study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1036010. [PMID: 36760533 PMCID: PMC9905723 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1036010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study aimed to explore the mechanism of the effects of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi (BWTC) on anxiety and depression in college students using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Methods: Eighteen college students (5 males and 13 females) with anxiety and depression met the study criteria and were randomly divided into an experimental group (aged 24.20 ± 4.07 years) and a control group (aged 22.50 ± 5.95). The experimental group received an eight-week BWTC intervention five times/week for 60 min/session. The control group maintained normal daily life without any exercise intervention. These students were assessed using RS-fMRI scans, the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and the self-rating depression scale (SDS). Spearman correlation analysis was used, and statistical significance was defined as a two-sided p-value of <0.05. Results: After the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the BWTC group significantly reduced (p = 0.002; p = 0.001). Compared with the control group, the fALFF values of the right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part (Frontal_Mid_Orb_R) (p = 0.043), right inferior occipital gyrus (Occipital_Inf_R) (p = 0.003), and right middle temporal gyrus of the temporal pole (Temporal_Pole_Mid_R) (p = 0.003) in the BWTC group increased significantly; the fALFF values of the left middle frontal gyrus (Frontal_Mid_L) (p = 0.001) and right supplementary motor area (Supp_Motor_Area_R) (p = 0.010) in BWTC group decreased significantly. The fALFF values of Frontal_Mid_Orb_R were significantly positively correlated with the SDS score (r = 0.852, p = 0.015) and the fALFF values of Frontal_Mid_L were significantly negatively correlated with the SAS score (r = -0.797, p = 0.032). Conclusion: In this pilot study with college students, BWTC alleviated anxiety and depression, potentially through modulating activity in the Frontal_Mid_L and Frontal_Mid_Orb_R, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Gao
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yameng Li
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenshao Song
- Student Psychological Counseling and Service Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meize Cui
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyang Wei
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaihao Chen
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of PE, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Lyu
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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24
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Liu F, Yu T, Xu Y, Che H. Psychological maltreatment and aggression in preadolescence: Roles of temperamental effortful control and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 135:105996. [PMID: 36528933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggression is a type of externalization problem, which is common in preadolescence. The cause of preadolescents' aggression can be traced to their adverse family experiences, such as childhood psychological maltreatment. Therefore, exploring the cause and mechanism underlying aggressive behavior in preadolescents who have experienced psychological maltreatment is critical to preadolescents' healthy development. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating effects of effortful control and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between psychological maltreatment and aggressive behavior among preadolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total sample of 940 preadolescents (50.53 % males and 49.47 % females, Mage = 9.75 years, SD = 1.17) were selected from two primary schools in Liaoning province, China. All preadolescents were in grades 3-5. METHODS The participants completed questionnaires regarding psychological maltreatment, effortful control, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and aggression. RESULTS The results revealed that: (a) psychological maltreatment was positively associated with aggressive behavior; and (b) effortful control and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation mediated the link between psychological maltreatment and aggression in a sequential pattern. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides further understanding of the relations between psychological maltreatment and aggression, and it also provides prevention and intervention suggestions concerning how to reduce the effect of psychological maltreatment on aggressive behavior among preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tengxu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanbo Che
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning Province, China.
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25
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Oh VKS, Sarwar A, Pervez N. The study of mindfulness as an intervening factor for enhanced psychological well-being in building the level of resilience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1056834. [PMID: 36619105 PMCID: PMC9811678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1056834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By using a practice like mindfulness, people may become more adaptable and flexible in difficult situations, which lowers the levels of unfavorable experiences. Only a small number of research have examined the connection between mindfulness and resilience, with mindfulness as a source of PWB influencing millennials' resilience when faced with adversity. This study sought to close this gap by exploring the role that mindfulness practice plays in millennials' PWB and subsequent increases in resilience to adversity. Methods In this study, key components linked to mindfulness, PWB, and resilience are combined with a thorough literature assessment. Millennials who are active members of the Ti-Ratana Youth in Malaysia and the Buddhist Missionary Society of Malaysia (BMSM) Youth Section make up the study's sample population. Before completing the online survey form, each participant was instructed to engage in 4 weeks of supervised mindfulness practice. To assure the validity of the data gathered, it was crucial to secure the youth's commitment. Only 231 of the 300 respondents who received the link to the online survey had replies that could be used for further research. To analyze the collected data and conduct hypothesis testing, Smart-PLS was used. Results Academic research has shown that factors, such as a heavy workload, time constraints, lengthy workdays, work-related home conflicts, and an unstable and uncertain environment all lead to a drop in PWB. According to the findings, the two most significant variables promoting resilience are mindfulness and positive PWB. The outcomes of this experimental study confirmed earlier findings that millennials' PWB and resilience are enhanced by mindfulness training. Conclusion The study's findings suggest that, in times of high uncertainty, mindfulness-based intervention programs should be expanded to include all young people. This study offers empirical support for the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in raising PWB and resilience.
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Chen S, Sun Y, Seo BK. The Effects of Public Open Space on Older People's Well-Being: From Neighborhood Social Cohesion to Place Dependence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16170. [PMID: 36498247 PMCID: PMC9737378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This quantitative study examines the effects of Public Open Space (POS) on older people's well-being and examines the roles of neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) and place dependence (PD) as series buffers. A questionnaire survey of 501 people aged 65 and over was conducted in various communities of Hong Kong. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the pathways connecting POS and well-being. A multigroup analysis examined differences in the POS-well-being associations between the young-old (aged 65 to 75, n = 166) and old-old group (aged 76 to 95, n = 166). Results show that the association between POS and emotional well-being was stronger than social and psychological well-being. POS promotes three facets of well-being through developing NSC and, subsequently, PD. Multigroup analysis results suggest that the pathway from POS to emotional well-being via NSC is stronger for the old-old group; POS is more important for psychological well-being for the young-old group. This study highlights that the quality of POS, including attractive natural elements, various amenities, and sufficient space for social interactions, is essential for making relationship-rich and health-promotive urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Kyong Seo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Centre for Social Policy and Social Entrepreneurship, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Isham A, Elf P, Jackson T. Self-transcendent experiences as promoters of ecological wellbeing? Exploration of the evidence and hypotheses to be tested. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1051478. [PMID: 36452396 PMCID: PMC9701724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much has been written on the role of different mental states and their potential to influence our way of thinking and, perhaps more importantly, the way we act. With the recent acceleration of environmental and mental health issues, alongside the limited effectiveness of existing interventions, an exploration of new approaches to deliver transformative change is required. We therefore explore the emerging potential of a type of mental state known as self-transcendent experiences (STEs) as a driver of ecological wellbeing. We focus on four types of STEs: those facilitated by experiences of flow, awe, and mindfulness, as well as by psychedelic-induced experiences. Some of these experiences can occur naturally, through sometimes unexpected encounters with nature or during immersion in every-day activities that one intrinsically enjoys, as well as through more intentional practices such as meditation or the administration of psychedelics in controlled, legal settings. We explore the evidence base linking each of the four types of STE to ecological wellbeing before proposing potential hypotheses to be tested to understand why STEs can have such beneficial effects. We end by looking at the factors that might need to be considered if STEs are going to be practically implemented as a means of achieving ecological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Isham
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Elf
- Middlesex University Business School, Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research (CEEDR), Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Jackson
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Nie Y, Wang G, Chen P, Wang L, Dou K. The Association between Peer Victimization and Risk-Taking Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14198. [PMID: 36361078 PMCID: PMC9654941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peer victimization has been considered a main source of risk-taking behavior among adolescents, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying this association. Based on the social-cognitive theory and the person-environment interactions model, the current study built a moderated mediation model to explore whether self-control mediated the link between peer victimization and adolescent risk-taking behavior and whether positive parenting moderated this link. We used a 2-time longitudinal design (6 months apart) to investigate 488 adolescents (Mage = 15.63 years, SD = 1.64) from 3 middle schools in Guangzhou. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant correlations among peer victimization, adolescent risk-taking behavior, self-control, and positive parenting when controlling for demographic variables. (2) Peer victimization not only influenced risk-taking behavior directly, but also indirectly through self-control. (3) Positive parenting moderated the influence of self-control on risk-taking behavior. In other words, positive parenting could enhance the inhibitory effect of self-control on risk-taking behavior. The results help reveal the mechanism by which adolescent risk-taking behavior forms and may help inform interventions against adolescent risk-taking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Nie
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kai Dou
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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TRAN MAQ, VO-THANH T, SOLIMAN M, HA AT, Van PHAM M. Could mindfulness diminish mental health disorders? The serial mediating role of self-compassion and psychological well-being. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35967505 PMCID: PMC9362435 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic clearly has various detrimental psychological effects on people's mental health, emphasizing the importance of mindfulness in overcoming such repercussions. This is in line with the growing number of studies that have been conducted to assess the effects of mindfulness in diverse settings. However, the role of mindfulness in reducing mental health issues among university students has received little attention. Therefore, the current work seeks to investigate how mindfulness could reduce the anxiety, depression, and stress of university students and how self-compassion and psychological well-being could mediate the links between mindfulness and these mental health disorders. To that end, an explanatory sequential mixed-method design was adopted. Quantitative data collected, through a two-wave survey, from 560 Vietnamese students having an average age of 18.7 years were used to test the hypotheses. To measure the six variables in the research models, we opted for the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-26), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21-7 items for each subscale), and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Additionally, qualitative data from 19 in-depth interviews were utilized to explain the quantitative findings and explore students' experiences in practicing mindfulness and self-compassion to decrease stress, depression, and anxiety. The results elucidated that self-compassion and psychological well-being serially mediated the relationships between mindfulness (as a predictor) and anxiety, stress, and depression (as outcome variables). The findings demonstrated the key role of mindfulness in increasing students' self-compassion and psychological well-being as well as reducing anxiety, depression, and stress. This research holds substantial contributions by providing universities and psychotherapists with recommendations to deal with negative psychological consequences caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan VO-THANH
- Tourism Department, Economics – Management Faculty, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad SOLIMAN
- Business Administration Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah, Oman
- Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Anh Tu HA
- Department of English, FPT University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Van PHAM
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hai Duong Medical Technical University, Hai Duong, Vietnam
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Ali SB, Ahmad MJ, Ramzan I, Ali M, Khan K. Exploring the Nexus Between Mindfulness, Gratitude, and Wellbeing Among Youth With the Mediating Role of Hopefulness: A South Asian Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:915667. [PMID: 35936309 PMCID: PMC9346554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing of young individuals in Pakistan with the potential role of hopefulness as a mediator between mindfulness, gratitude, and wellbeing. Data were collected from young individuals (18–40 years old) from Pakistan. A total sample of 500 participants was collected by employing the online survey questionnaire, and 374 questionnaires were duly filled and returned. The PLS-SEM technique was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the study found that there is a strong direct relationship between gratitude, mindfulness, and hopefulness, and mindfulness is also strongly correlated with wellbeing. However, the relationship between gratitude and wellbeing was not statistically significant. Moreover, the mediation results reveal that the relationship between mindfulness, gratitude, and wellbeing is significantly mediated by hopefulness. This shows that gratitude and mindfulness are crucial in enhancing wellbeing through hopefulness. This study is an important contribution to validating the broaden-and-build theory, which suggests that hopelessness is a significant factor of a depressive state. It can be indicated that inducing hopefulness could be a significant element of the treatment plan of professional clinical psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iqra Ramzan
- Department of Psychology, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Business Administration, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Kalimullah Khan
- Department of Business Administration, Kardan University, Kabul, Afghanistan
- *Correspondence: Kalimullah Khan
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Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:567-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tatta J, Willgens AM, Palombaro KM. Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Interventions in Physical Therapist Practice: The Time Is Now. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6481182. [PMID: 35079796 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One in 5 adults in the United States lives with a mental illness, and many more struggle with stress-related chronic illnesses. Physical therapists often see the physical effects that stress has on the body, but there is an underutilization of evidence-based stress management strategies with patients and clients. Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions (MABIs) constitute a family of methods that emphasize present-moment awareness, nonjudgment, and values-based living. They operate by teaching patients to cope with stressful thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations. MABIs are associated with improved health outcomes in areas commonly seen in physical therapist practice, including health promotion, physical function, injury prevention, pain management, immune function, and noncommunicable diseases. The purpose of this Perspective article is to (1) describe MABIs; (2) discuss the relevance of MABIs to physical therapist practice; (3) discuss the positive impact of MABIs for pain, sports, immune function, physical and mental health promotion, and wellness; and (4) identify MABI outcome measures related to health behavior change. It is time. IMPACT Contemporary practice requires that physical therapists manage patient care by addressing both the mind and body. Given the existing research on MABIs, it is time to translate the evidence into minimum accreditable standards for health promotion and prevention of chronic, noncommunicable disease. This approach would have far-reaching benefits for individuals, family units, communities, and society as a whole. LAY SUMMARY Mindfulness instruction delivered by a physical therapist can help improve physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tatta
- Integrative Pain Science Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Jung M, Lee M. The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Education Program on Brain Waves and the Autonomic Nervous System in University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1606. [PMID: 34828651 PMCID: PMC8625257 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness, defined as the awareness emerging from purposefully paying attention to the present moment, has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and, thus, promoting psychological well-being. This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based education program on mindfulness, brain waves, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in university students in Korea. METHODS This study is a quantitative and experimental research with a single-group pre-post design. Six sessions of mindfulness-based intervention were applied. In total, 42 students completed a mindfulness questionnaire before and after the intervention, and 28 among them completed pre-intervention and post-intervention measures of brain waves and ANS. RESULTS The level of mindfulness increased in the participants after intervention. Regarding brain waves, the alpha and theta waves increased, but the beta waves decreased. There was no significant difference in the ANS, presenting no change in heart rate variability. CONCLUSIONS We identified the positive effects of the mindfulness-based education program for university students. The findings indicate that this program may help students not only relax, but also generate a mindfulness state in stressful situations, potentially leading to a successful university life. This study can be used as a basis for quality improvement and sustainability of mindfulness-based education programs for university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikyoung Lee
- Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea;
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Pine R, Mbinta J, Te Morenga L, Fleming T. A Casual Video Game With Psychological Well-being Concepts for Young Adolescents: Protocol for an Acceptability and Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e31588. [PMID: 34387558 PMCID: PMC8391754 DOI: 10.2196/31588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many face-to-face and digital therapeutic supports are designed for adolescents experiencing high levels of psychological distress. However, promoting psychological well-being among adolescents is often neglected despite significant short-term and long-term benefits. Objective This research has 3 main objectives: (1) to assess the acceptability of Match Emoji, a casual video game with psychological well-being concepts among 13-15-year-old students in a New Zealand secondary school; (2) to identify the feasibility of the research process; and (3) to explore the preliminary well-being and therapeutic potential of Match Emoji. Methods Approximately 40 participants aged 13-15 years from a local secondary college in Wellington, New Zealand, will be invited to download and play Match Emoji 3-4 times a week for 5-15 minutes over a 2-week period. Participants will complete 4 assessments at baseline, postintervention, and 3 weeks later to assess psychological well-being and therapeutic changes. Statistical analysis will be used to synthesize data from interviews and triangulated with assessment changes and game analytics. This synthesis will help to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the Match Emoji. Results The key outputs from the project will include the acceptability, feasibility, and therapeutic potential of Match Emoji. It is anticipated that participants will have finished playing the recommended game play regimen by August 2021 with analysis of results completed by October 2021. Conclusions Data from the study are expected to inform future research on Match Emoji including a randomized controlled trial and further adjustments to the design and development of the game. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31588
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Pine
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Mbinta
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Te Morenga
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Theresa Fleming
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Brief Mindfulness Meditation Induces Gray Matter Changes in a Brain Hub. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8830005. [PMID: 33299395 PMCID: PMC7704181 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8830005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the practice of long-term (months to years) mindfulness meditation induces structural plasticity in gray matter. However, it remains unknown whether short-term (<30 days) mindfulness meditation in novices could induce similar structural changes. Our previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified white matter changes surrounding the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) within 2 to 4 weeks, following 5-10 h of mindfulness training. Furthermore, these changes were correlated with emotional states in healthy adults. The PCC is a key hub in the functional anatomy implicated in meditation and other perspectival processes. In this longitudinal study using a randomized design, we therefore examined the effect of a 10 h of mindfulness training, the Integrative Body-Mind Training (IBMT) on gray matter volume of the PCC compared to an active control-relaxation training (RT). We found that brief IBMT increased ventral PCC volume and that baseline temperamental trait-an index of individual differences was associated with a reduction in training-induced gray matter increases. Our findings indicate that brief mindfulness meditation induces gray matter plasticity, suggesting that structural changes in ventral PCC-a key hub associated with self-awareness, emotion, cognition, and aging-may have important implications for protecting against mood-related disorders and aging-related cognitive declines.
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Ding X, Wang X, Yang Z, Tang R, Tang YY. Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Sleep Quality in College Students: A Conditional Process Model. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576319. [PMID: 33132983 PMCID: PMC7550415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep quality can affect the physical and mental health, as well as the personal development of college students. Mindfulness practices are known to ameliorate sleep disorder and improve sleep quality. Trait mindfulness, an innate capacity often enhanced by mindfulness training, has been shown to relate to better sleep quality and different aspects of psychological well-being. However, how individual difference factors such as trait mindfulness relate to sleep quality remains largely unclear, which limits the optimization and further application of mindfulness-based intervention schemes targeting the improvement of sleep quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate how negative emotions and neuroticism may influence the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep quality. A conditional process model was built to examine these relationships in 1,423 Chinese young adults. Specifically, the conditional process model was constructed with trait mindfulness as the independent variable, sleep quality as the dependent variable, negative emotions as the mediating variable, and neuroticism as the moderating variable. Our results showed that negative emotions mediated the link between mindfulness and sleep quality and that neuroticism had a moderating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. Together, these findings suggested a potential mechanism of how trait mindfulness influences sleep quality, provided a therapeutic target for which mindfulness-based interventions may act upon to improve sleep quality, and offered a basis for prediction of different intervention effects among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ding
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinshu Wang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zirong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Tang YY, Woollacott M. Editorial: The Physiological and Genetic Influences of Meditation and Tai Chi on Mental, Emotional, and Movement Regulation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:581841. [PMID: 33192590 PMCID: PMC7645161 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.581841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yi-Yuan Tang
| | - Marjorie Woollacott
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Marjorie Woollacott
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38
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Tang YY, Fan Y, Lu Q, Tan LH, Tang R, Kaplan RM, Pinho MC, Thomas BP, Chen K, Friston KJ, Reiman EM. Long-Term Physical Exercise and Mindfulness Practice in an Aging Population. Front Psychol 2020; 11:358. [PMID: 32300317 PMCID: PMC7142262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that physical exercise and mindfulness meditation can both lead to improvement in physical and mental health. However, it is unclear whether these two forms of training share the same underlying mechanisms. We compared two groups of older adults with 10 years of mindfulness meditation (integrative body-mind training, IBMT) or physical exercise (PE) experience to demonstrate their effects on brain, physiology and behavior. Healthy older adults were randomly selected from a large community health project and the groups were compared on measures of quality of life, autonomic activity (heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance response, respiratory amplitude/rate), immune function (secretory Immunoglobulin A, sIgA), stress hormone (cortisol) and brain imaging (resting state functional connectivity, structural differences). In comparison with PE, we found significantly higher ratings for the IBMT group on dimensions of life quality. Parasympathetic activity indexed by skin conductance response and high-frequency heart rate variability also showed more favorable outcomes in the IBMT group. However, the PE group showed lower basal heart rate and greater chest respiratory amplitude. Basal sIgA level was significantly higher and cortisol concentration was lower in the IBMT group. Lastly, the IBMT group had stronger brain connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the striatum at resting state, as well as greater volume of gray matter in the striatum. Our results indicate that mindfulness meditation and physical exercise function in part by different mechanisms, with PE increasing physical fitness and IBMT inducing plasticity in the central nervous systems. These findings suggest combining physical and mental training may achieve better health and quality of life results for an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qilin Lu
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Hai Tan
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert M Kaplan
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marco C Pinho
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Binu P Thomas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Compernolle MC, Sledge JA. Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention on Hospitalized Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Their Caregivers. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:70-78. [PMID: 31845913 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.70-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a mind-body intervention on the psychological distress of hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies and their caregivers. SAMPLE & SETTING 29 patients with hematologic malignancies and 5 caregivers were recruited from the bone marrow transplantation unit at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. METHODS & VARIABLES After completing the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) to rate their levels of psychological and physiologic distress and quality of life, participants were taught a mindfulness activity. Two weeks postintervention, participants completed the RSCL again, reported how often they practiced the activity, and answered qualitative questions regarding their experience. RESULTS Participants reported increased relaxation and improved sleep and showed interest in practicing mindfulness as a part of their treatment plan. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses can help to alleviate symptoms of distress in patients with hematologic malignancies by integrating education on how to perform short and simple mindfulness activities into the care plan.
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