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Liu Y, Zhu J, Wang WH, Zeng L, Yang YL, Wang Z, Liu JQ, Li W, Sun JY, Yu XH. Exosomal lncRNA HCP5 derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves chronic periodontitis by miR-24-3p/ HO1/ P38/ ELK1 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34203. [PMID: 39104492 PMCID: PMC11298838 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to explore the function of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs)-derived exosomal long noncoding RNA histocompatibility leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to improve chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods Exosomes were extracted from hBMMSCs. Alizarin red S staining was used to detect mineralised nodules. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure HCP5 and miR-24-3p expression. The mRNA and protein levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, osterix, runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteopontin, fibronectin, collagen 1, heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), P38, and ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1) were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine the HO1 and carbon monoxide concentrations. Heme, biliverdin, and Fe2+ levels were determined using detection kits. Micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, ALP staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, ELISA, and RT-qPCR were conducted to evaluate the effect of HCP5 on CP mice. Dual luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pulldown experiments were performed to identify the interactions among HCP5, miR-24-3p, and HO1. Results The osteogenic ability of hPDLSCs significantly increased when co-cultured with hBMMSCs or hBMMSCs exosomes. Overexpression of HCP5 and HO1 in hBMMSCs exosomes promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, and knockdown of HCP5 repressed the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. HCP5 knockdown enhanced the inflammatory response and repressed osteogenesis in CP mice. MiR-24-3p overexpression diminished the stimulatory effect of HCP5 on the osteogenic ability of hPDLSCs. Mechanistically, HCP5 acted as a sponge for miR-24-3p and regulated HO1 expression, and HO1 activated the P38/ELK1 pathway. Conclusion HBMMSCs-derived exosomal HCP5 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and alleviates CP by regulating the miR-24-3p/HO1/P38/ELK1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-hong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian Zeng
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-ling Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-qi Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-yu Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-hong Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Ophthalmology Hospital), Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
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Glebov-McCloud AGP, Saide WS, Gaine ME, Strack S. Protein Kinase A in neurological disorders. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:9. [PMID: 38481146 PMCID: PMC10936040 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a multi-functional serine/threonine kinase that regulates a wide variety of physiological processes including gene transcription, metabolism, and synaptic plasticity. Genomic sequencing studies have identified both germline and somatic variants of the catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA in patients with metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review we discuss the classical cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and the disease phenotypes that result from PKA variants. This review highlights distinct isoform-specific cognitive deficits that occur in both PKA catalytic and regulatory subunits, and how tissue-specific distribution of these isoforms may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders in comparison to more generalized endocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G P Glebov-McCloud
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Bowen Science Building, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Walter S Saide
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Bowen Science Building, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marie E Gaine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy Building, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S. Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Bowen Science Building, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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3
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Bryce-Smith S, Brown AL, Mehta PR, Mattedi F, Mikheenko A, Barattucci S, Zanovello M, Dattilo D, Yome M, Hill SE, Qi YA, Wilkins OG, Sun K, Ryadnov E, Wan Y, Vargas JNS, Birsa N, Raj T, Humphrey J, Keuss M, Ward M, Secrier M, Fratta P. TDP-43 loss induces extensive cryptic polyadenylation in ALS/FTD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576625. [PMID: 38313254 PMCID: PMC10836071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic aggregation of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 is the hallmark of ALS, occurring in over 97% of cases. A key consequence of TDP-43 nuclear loss is the de-repression of cryptic exons. Whilst TDP-43 regulated cryptic splicing is increasingly well catalogued, cryptic alternative polyadenylation (APA) events, which define the 3' end of last exons, have been largely overlooked, especially when not associated with novel upstream splice junctions. We developed a novel bioinformatic approach to reliably identify distinct APA event types: alternative last exons (ALE), 3'UTR extensions (3'Ext) and intronic polyadenylation (IPA) events. We identified novel neuronal cryptic APA sites induced by TDP-43 loss of function by systematically applying our pipeline to a compendium of publicly available and in house datasets. We find that TDP-43 binding sites and target motifs are enriched at these cryptic events and that TDP-43 can have both repressive and enhancing action on APA. Importantly, all categories of cryptic APA can also be identified in ALS and FTD post mortem brain regions with TDP-43 proteinopathy underlining their potential disease relevance. RNA-seq and Ribo-seq analyses indicate that distinct cryptic APA categories have different downstream effects on transcript and translation. Intriguingly, cryptic 3'Exts occur in multiple transcription factors, such as ELK1, SIX3, and TLX1, and lead to an increase in wild-type protein levels and function. Finally, we show that an increase in RNA stability leading to a higher cytoplasmic localisation underlies these observations. In summary, we demonstrate that TDP-43 nuclear depletion induces a novel category of cryptic RNA processing events and we expand the palette of TDP-43 loss consequences by showing this can also lead to an increase in normal protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Bryce-Smith
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Anna-Leigh Brown
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Puja R. Mehta
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Alla Mikheenko
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Simone Barattucci
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Matteo Zanovello
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dario Dattilo
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Matthew Yome
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Sarah E. Hill
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yue A. Qi
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oscar G. Wilkins
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kai Sun
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Eugeni Ryadnov
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Yixuan Wan
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Jose Norberto S. Vargas
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nicol Birsa
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Towfique Raj
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Keuss
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Huang LC, McKeown CR, He HY, Ta AC, Cline HT. BRCA1 and ELK-1 regulate neural progenitor cell fate in the optic tectum in response to visual experience in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316542121. [PMID: 38198524 PMCID: PMC10801852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316542121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In developing Xenopus tadpoles, the optic tectum begins to receive patterned visual input while visuomotor circuits are still undergoing neurogenesis and circuit assembly. This visual input regulates neural progenitor cell fate decisions such that maintaining tadpoles in the dark increases proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, while visual stimulation promotes neuronal differentiation. To identify regulators of activity-dependent neural progenitor cell fate, we profiled the transcriptomes of proliferating neural progenitor cells and newly differentiated neurons using RNA-Seq. We used advanced bioinformatic analysis of 1,130 differentially expressed transcripts to identify six differentially regulated transcriptional regulators, including Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) and the ETS-family transcription factor, ELK-1, which are predicted to regulate the majority of the other differentially expressed transcripts. BRCA1 is known for its role in cancers, but relatively little is known about its potential role in regulating neural progenitor cell fate. ELK-1 is a multifunctional transcription factor which regulates immediate early gene expression. We investigated the potential functions of BRCA1 and ELK-1 in activity-regulated neurogenesis in the tadpole visual system using in vivo time-lapse imaging to monitor the fate of GFP-expressing SOX2+ neural progenitor cells in the optic tectum. Our longitudinal in vivo imaging analysis showed that knockdown of either BRCA1 or ELK-1 altered the fates of neural progenitor cells and furthermore that the effects of visual experience on neurogenesis depend on BRCA1 and ELK-1 expression. These studies provide insight into the potential mechanisms by which neural activity affects neural progenitor cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chien Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Caroline R. McKeown
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Hai-Yan He
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Aaron C. Ta
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Hollis T. Cline
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
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5
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Payne S, Neal A, De Val S. Transcription factors regulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:28-58. [PMID: 36795082 PMCID: PMC10952167 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating the dynamic and precise patterns of gene expression required for the initial specification of endothelial cells (ECs), and during endothelial growth and differentiation. While sharing many core features, ECs can be highly heterogeneous. Differential gene expression between ECs is essential to pattern the hierarchical vascular network into arteries, veins and capillaries, to drive angiogenic growth of new vessels, and to direct specialization in response to local signals. Unlike many other cell types, ECs have no single master regulator, instead relying on differing combinations of a necessarily limited repertoire of TFs to achieve tight spatial and temporal activation and repression of gene expression. Here, we will discuss the cohort of TFs known to be involved in directing gene expression during different stages of mammalian vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with a primary focus on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Payne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alice Neal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah De Val
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
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6
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Araki Y, Gerber EE, Rajkovich KE, Hong I, Johnson RC, Lee HK, Kirkwood A, Huganir RL. Mouse models of SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308891120. [PMID: 37669379 PMCID: PMC10500186 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308891120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SYNGAP1 is a Ras-GTPase-activating protein highly enriched at excitatory synapses in the brain. De novo loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 are a major cause of genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These mutations are highly penetrant and cause SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability (SRID), an NDD characterized by cognitive impairment, social deficits, early-onset seizures, and sleep disturbances. Studies in rodent neurons have shown that Syngap1 regulates developing excitatory synapse structure and function, and heterozygous Syngap1 knockout mice have deficits in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory and have seizures. However, how specific SYNGAP1 mutations found in humans lead to disease has not been investigated in vivo. To explore this, we utilized the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate knock-in mouse models with two distinct known causal variants of SRID: one with a frameshift mutation leading to a premature stop codon, SYNGAP1; L813RfsX22, and a second with a single-nucleotide mutation in an intron that creates a cryptic splice acceptor site leading to premature stop codon, SYNGAP1; c.3583-9G>A. While reduction in Syngap1 mRNA varies from 30 to 50% depending on the specific mutation, both models show ~50% reduction in Syngap1 protein, have deficits in synaptic plasticity, and recapitulate key features of SRID including hyperactivity and impaired working memory. These data suggest that half the amount of SYNGAP1 protein is key to the pathogenesis of SRID. These results provide a resource to study SRID and establish a framework for the development of therapeutic strategies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Araki
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Elizabeth E. Gerber
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Kacey E. Rajkovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Ingie Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Richard C. Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Richard L. Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
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7
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Tzeplaeff L, Seguin J, Le Gras S, Megat S, Cosquer B, Plassard D, Dieterlé S, Paiva I, Picchiarelli G, Decraene C, Alcala-Vida R, Cassel JC, Merienne K, Dupuis L, Boutillier AL. Mutant FUS induces chromatin reorganization in the hippocampus and alters memory processes. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 227:102483. [PMID: 37327984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic mislocalization of the nuclear Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) protein is associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Cytoplasmic FUS accumulation is recapitulated in the frontal cortex and spinal cord of heterozygous Fus∆NLS/+ mice. Yet, the mechanisms linking FUS mislocalization to hippocampal function and memory formation are still not characterized. Herein, we show that in these mice, the hippocampus paradoxically displays nuclear FUS accumulation. Multi-omic analyses showed that FUS binds to a set of genes characterized by the presence of an ETS/ELK-binding motifs, and involved in RNA metabolism, transcription, ribosome/mitochondria and chromatin organization. Importantly, hippocampal nuclei showed a decompaction of the neuronal chromatin at highly expressed genes and an inappropriate transcriptomic response was observed after spatial training of Fus∆NLS/+ mice. Furthermore, these mice lacked precision in a hippocampal-dependent spatial memory task and displayed decreased dendritic spine density. These studies shows that mutated FUS affects epigenetic regulation of the chromatin landscape in hippocampal neurons, which could participate in FTD/ALS pathogenic events. These data call for further investigation in the neurological phenotype of FUS-related diseases and open therapeutic strategies towards epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tzeplaeff
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France; Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Seguin
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Salim Megat
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Cosquer
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Damien Plassard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Isabel Paiva
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | | | - Charles Decraene
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Rafael Alcala-Vida
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France; CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, UMR-S1118, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Araki Y, Gerber EE, Rajkovich KE, Hong I, Johnson RC, Lee HK, Kirkwood A, Huganir RL. Mouse models of SYNGAP1 -related intellectual disability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542312. [PMID: 37293116 PMCID: PMC10245951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SYNGAP1 is a Ras-GTPase activating protein highly enriched at excitatory synapses in the brain. De novo loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 are a major cause of genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). These mutations are highly penetrant and cause SYNGAP1 -related intellectual disability (SRID), a NDD characterized by cognitive impairment, social deficits, early-onset seizures, and sleep disturbances (1-5). Studies in rodent neurons have shown that Syngap1 regulates developing excitatory synapse structure and function (6-11), and heterozygous Syngap1 knockout mice have deficits in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and have seizures (9, 12-14). However, how specific SYNGAP1 mutations found in humans lead to disease has not been investigated in vivo. To explore this, we utilized the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate knock-in mouse models with two distinct known causal variants of SRID: one with a frameshift mutation leading to a premature stop codon, SYNGAP1; L813RfsX22, and a second with a single-nucleotide mutation in an intron that creates a cryptic splice acceptor site leading to premature stop codon, SYNGAP1; c.3583-9G>A . While reduction in Syngap1 mRNA varies from 30-50% depending on the specific mutation, both models show ∼50% reduction in Syngap1 protein, have deficits in synaptic plasticity, and recapitulate key features of SRID including hyperactivity and impaired working memory. These data suggest that half the amount of SYNGAP1 protein is key to the pathogenesis of SRID. These results provide a resource to study SRID and establish a framework for the development of therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Significance Statement SYNGAP1 is a protein enriched at excitatory synapses in the brain that is an important regulator of synapse structure and function. SYNGAP1 mutations cause SYNGAP1 -related intellectual disability (SRID), a neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive impairment, social deficits, seizures, and sleep disturbances. To explore how SYNGAP1 mutations found in humans lead to disease, we generated the first knock-in mouse models with causal SRID variants: one with a frameshift mutation and a second with an intronic mutation that creates a cryptic splice acceptor site. Both models show decreased Syngap1 mRNA and Syngap1 protein and recapitulate key features of SRID including hyperactivity and impaired working memory. These results provide a resource to study SRID and establish a framework for the development of therapeutic strategies. Highlights Two mouse models with SYNGAP1 -related intellectual disability (SRID) mutations found in humans were generated: one with a frameshift mutation that results in a premature stop codon and the other with an intronic mutation resulting in a cryptic splice acceptor site and premature stop codon. Both SRID mouse models show 35∼50% reduction in mRNA and ∼50% reduction in Syngap1 protein.Both SRID mouse models display deficits in synaptic plasticity and behavioral phenotypes found in people. RNA-seq confirmed cryptic splice acceptor activity in one SRID mouse model and revealed broad transcriptional changes also identified in Syngap1 +/- mice. Novel SRID mouse models generated here provide a resource and establish a framework for development of future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Araki
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth E Gerber
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Kacey E Rajkovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Ingie Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Richard C Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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9
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Hosseini-Gerami L, Ficulle E, Humphryes-Kirilov N, Airey DC, Scherschel J, Kananathan S, Eastwood BJ, Bose S, Collier DA, Laing E, Evans D, Broughton H, Bender A. Mechanism of action deconvolution of the small-molecule pathological tau aggregation inhibitor Anle138b. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:52. [PMID: 36918909 PMCID: PMC10012450 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of aggregated microtubule-associated protein tau in neurons. Anle138b is a small molecule which has previously shown efficacy in mice in reducing tau aggregates and rescuing AD disease phenotypes. METHODS In this work, we employed bioinformatics analysis-including pathway enrichment and causal reasoning-of an in vitro tauopathy model. The model consisted of cultured rat cortical neurons either unseeded or seeded with tau aggregates derived from human AD patients, both of which were treated with Anle138b to generate hypotheses for its mode of action. In parallel, we used a collection of human target prediction models to predict direct targets of Anle138b based on its chemical structure. RESULTS Combining the different approaches, we found evidence supporting the hypothesis that the action of Anle138b involves several processes which are key to AD progression, including cholesterol homeostasis and neuroinflammation. On the pathway level, we found significantly enriched pathways related to these two processes including those entitled "Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis" and "Granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis". With causal reasoning, we inferred differential activity of SREBF1/2 (involved in cholesterol regulation) and mediators of the inflammatory response such as NFKB1 and RELA. Notably, our findings were also observed in Anle138b-treated unseeded neurons, meaning that the inferred processes are independent of tau pathology and thus represent the direct action of the compound in the cellular system. Through structure-based ligand-target prediction, we predicted the intracellular cholesterol carrier NPC1 as well as NF-κB subunits as potential targets of Anle138b, with structurally similar compounds in the model training set known to target the same proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study has generated feasible hypotheses for the potential mechanism of action of Anle138b, which will enable the development of future molecular interventions aiming to reduce tau pathology in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,AbsoluteAi Ltd, London, UK
| | - Elena Ficulle
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Zifo RnD Solutions, London, UK
| | | | - David C Airey
- Eli Lilly and Company, Corporate Centre, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Eastwood
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company (Retired), Bracknell, UK
| | - Suchira Bose
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
| | - David A Collier
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, IoPPN, Kings's College London and Genetic and Genomic Consulting Ltd, Farnham, UK
| | - Emma Laing
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - David Evans
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.,DeepMind, London, UK
| | | | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Matsubayashi J, Kawaguchi Y, Kawakami Y, Takei K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces antagonistic action to Nogo signaling by the upregulation of lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) expression. J Neurochem 2023; 164:29-43. [PMID: 36448220 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) have limited capacity for axonal regeneration after trauma and neurological disorders due to an endogenous nonpermissive environment for axon regrowth in the CNS. Lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) contributes to axonal tract formation in the developing brain and axonal regeneration in the adult brain as an endogenous Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) antagonist. However, how LOTUS expression is regulated remains unclarified. This study examined molecular mechanism of regulation in LOTUS expression and found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased LOTUS expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Exogenous application of BDNF increased LOTUS expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that pharmacological inhibition with K252a and gene knockdown by siRNA of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), BDNF receptor suppressed BDNF-induced increase in LOTUS expression. Further pharmacological analysis of the TrkB signaling pathway revealed that BDNF increased LOTUS expression through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cascades, but not phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ) cascade. Additionally, treatment with c-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor partially suppressed BDNF-induced LOTUS expression. Finally, neurite outgrowth assay in cultured hippocampal neurons revealed that BDNF treatment-induced antagonism for NgR1 by up-regulating LOTUS expression. These findings suggest that BDNF may acts as a positive regulator of LOTUS expression through the TrkB signaling, thereby inducing an antagonistic action for NgR1 function by up-regulating LOTUS expression. Also, BDNF may synergistically affect axon regrowth through the upregulation of LOTUS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Matsubayashi
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawaguchi
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Takei
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
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11
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Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010001. [PMID: 36670863 PMCID: PMC9854696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key factor affecting the health of aquatic organisms in an intensive aquaculture environment. In this study, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were subjected to acute hypoxic stress for 96 h (DO: 1.00 mg/L) followed by recovery under sufficient DO conditions (DO: 7.50 mg/L) for 96 h. Serum biochemical indices, intestinal histomorphology, the transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota were compared between hypoxia-treated fish and those in a control group. The results showed that hypoxia caused oxidative stress, exfoliation of the intestinal villus epithelium and villus rupture, and increased cell apoptosis. Transcriptome analyses revealed that antioxidant-, inflammation-, and apoptosis-related pathways were activated, and that the MAPK signaling pathway played an important role under hypoxic stress. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses revealed that hypoxic stress significantly decreased bacterial richness and identified the dominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes) and genera (Mycoplasma, unclassified Enterobacterales, Cetobacterium) involved in the intestinal inflammatory response of largemouth bass. Pearson's correlation analyses showed that differentially expressed genes in the MAPK signaling pathway were significantly correlated with some microflora. The results of this study will help to develop strategies to reduce damage caused by hypoxic stress in aquacultured fish.
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12
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Advani D, Kumar P. Deciphering the molecular mechanism and crosstalk between Parkinson's disease and breast cancer through multi-omics and drug repurposing approach. Neuropeptides 2022; 96:102283. [PMID: 35994781 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate a higher occurrence of breast cancer (BRCA) in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, the exact molecular mechanism is still not precise. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that this inverse comorbidity result from shared genetic and molecular processes. We conducted an integrated omics analysis to identify the common gene signatures associated with PD and BRCA. Secondly, several dysregulated biological processes in both indications were analyzed by functional enrichment methods, and significant overlapping processes were identified. To establish common regulatory mechanisms, information about transcription factors and miRNAs associated with both the disorders was extracted. Finally, disease-specific gene expression signatures were compared through LINCS L1000 analysis to identify potential repurposing drugs for PD. The potential repurposed drug candidates were then correlated with PD-specific gene signatures by Cmap analysis. In conclusion, this study highlights the shared genes, biological pathways and regulatory signatures associated with PD and BRCA with an improved understanding of crosstalk involved. Additionally, the role of therapeutics was investigated in context with their comorbid associations. These findings could help to explain the complex molecular patterns of associations between PD and BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India.
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13
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Noro T, Shah SH, Yin Y, Kawaguchi R, Yokota S, Chang KC, Madaan A, Sun C, Coppola G, Geschwind D, Benowitz LI, Goldberg JL. Elk-1 regulates retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration after injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17446. [PMID: 36261683 PMCID: PMC9581912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult central nervous system (CNS) axons fail to regenerate after injury, and master regulators of the regenerative program remain to be identified. We analyzed the transcriptomes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at 1 and 5 days after optic nerve injury with and without a cocktail of strongly pro-regenerative factors to discover genes that regulate survival and regeneration. We used advanced bioinformatic analysis to identify the top transcriptional regulators of upstream genes and cross-referenced these with the regulators upstream of genes differentially expressed between embryonic RGCs that exhibit robust axon growth vs. postnatal RGCs where this potential has been lost. We established the transcriptional activator Elk-1 as the top regulator of RGC gene expression associated with axon outgrowth in both models. We demonstrate that Elk-1 is necessary and sufficient to promote RGC neuroprotection and regeneration in vivo, and is enhanced by manipulating specific phosphorylation sites. Finally, we co-manipulated Elk-1, PTEN, and REST, another transcription factor discovered in our analysis, and found Elk-1 to be downstream of PTEN and inhibited by REST in the survival and axon regenerative pathway in RGCs. These results uncover the basic mechanisms of regulation of survival and axon growth and reveal a novel, potent therapeutic strategy to promote neuroprotection and regeneration in the adult CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Noro
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahil H Shah
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA
- Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Catalina Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA
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14
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Ojea Ramos S, Feld M, Fustiñana MS. Contributions of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 activity to the memory trace. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:988790. [PMID: 36277495 PMCID: PMC9580372 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.988790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn from experience and consequently adapt our behavior is one of the most fundamental capacities enabled by complex and plastic nervous systems. Next to cellular and systems-level changes, learning and memory formation crucially depends on molecular signaling mechanisms. In particular, the extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), historically studied in the context of tumor growth and proliferation, has been shown to affect synaptic transmission, regulation of neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis leading to structural synaptic changes. However, to what extent the effects of ERK are specifically related to memory formation and stabilization, or merely the result of general neuronal activation, remains unknown. Here, we review the signals leading to ERK activation in the nervous system, the subcellular ERK targets associated with learning-related plasticity, and how neurons with activated ERK signaling may contribute to the formation of the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ojea Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Feld
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mariana Feld,
| | - María Sol Fustiñana
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- María Sol Fustiñana,
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15
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The Genomic Architecture of Pregnancy-Associated Plasticity in the Maternal Mouse Hippocampus. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0117-22.2022. [PMID: 36239981 PMCID: PMC9522463 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0117-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with extraordinary plasticity in the maternal brain. Studies in humans and other mammals suggest extensive structural and functional remodeling of the female brain during and after pregnancy. However, we understand remarkably little about the molecular underpinnings of this natural phenomenon. To gain insight into pregnancy-associated hippocampal plasticity, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and snATAC-seq from the mouse hippocampus before, during, and after pregnancy. We identified cell type-specific transcriptional and epigenetic signatures associated with pregnancy and postpartum adaptation. In addition, we analyzed receptor-ligand interactions and transcription factor (TF) motifs that inform hippocampal cell type identity and provide evidence of pregnancy-associated adaption. In total, these data provide a unique resource of coupled transcriptional and epigenetic data across a dynamic time period in the mouse hippocampus and suggest opportunities for functional interrogation of hormone-mediated plasticity.
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16
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Fels JA, Dash J, Leslie K, Manfredi G, Kawamata H. Effects of
PB‐TURSO
on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of sporadic
ALS
fibroblasts. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1551-1564. [PMID: 36083004 PMCID: PMC9539390 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Fels
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Ave New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Jalia Dash
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Kent Leslie
- Amylyx Pharmaceuticals 43 Thorndike Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02141 USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
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17
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Ilieva M, Aldana BI, Vinten KT, Hohmann S, Woofenden TW, Lukjanska R, Waagepetersen HS, Michel TM. Proteomic phenotype of cerebral organoids derived from autism spectrum disorder patients reveal disrupted energy metabolism, cellular components, and biological processes. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3749-3759. [PMID: 35618886 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The way in which brain morphology and proteome are remodeled during embryonal development, and how they are linked to the cellular metabolism, could be a key for elucidating the pathological mechanisms of certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Cerebral organoids derived from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients were generated to capture critical time-points in the neuronal development, and metabolism and protein expression were investigated. The early stages of development, when neurogenesis commences (day in vitro 39), appeared to be a critical timepoint in pathogenesis. In the first month of development, increased size in ASD-derived organoids were detected in comparison to the controls. The size of the organoids correlates with the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67 positive cells). A significant difference in energy metabolism and proteome phenotype was also observed in ASD organoids at this time point, specifically, prevalence of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, differently expressed cell adhesion proteins, cell cycle (spindle formation), cytoskeleton, and several transcription factors. Finally, ASD patients and controls derived organoids were clustered based on a differential expression of ten proteins-heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) phospho Ser 15, Pyk (FAK2), Elk-1, Rac1/cdc42, S6 ribosomal protein phospho Ser 240/Ser 244, Ha-ras, mTOR (FRAP) phospho Ser 2448, PKCα, FoxO3a, Src family phospho Tyr 416-at day 39 which could be defined as potential biomarkers and further investigated for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirolyuba Ilieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Tore Vinten
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonja Hohmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas William Woofenden
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renate Lukjanska
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Zou J, Xu C, Zhao ZW, Yin SH, Wang G. Asprosin inhibits macrophage lipid accumulation and reduces atherosclerotic burden by up-regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression via the p38/Elk-1 pathway. Lab Invest 2022; 20:337. [PMID: 35902881 PMCID: PMC9331044 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Asprosin, a newly discovered adipokine, is a C-terminal cleavage product of profibrillin. Asprosin has been reported to participate in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease, but its role in atherogenesis remains elusive. Methods Asprosin was overexpressed in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells and apoE−/− mice using the lentiviral vector. The expression of relevant molecules was determined by qRT-PCR and/or western blot. The intracellular lipid accumulation was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography and Oil red O staining. HE and Oil red O staining was employed to assess plaque burden in vivo. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) efficiency was measured using [3H]-labeled cholesterol. Results Exposure of THP-1 macrophages to oxidized low-density lipoprotein down-regulated asprosin expression. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of asprosin promoted cholesterol efflux and inhibited lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that asprosin overexpression activated p38 and stimulated the phosphorylation of ETS-like transcription factor (Elk-1) at Ser383, leading to Elk-1 nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activation of ATP binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1. Injection of lentiviral vector expressing asprosin diminished atherosclerotic lesion area, increased plaque stability, improved plasma lipid profiles and facilitated RCT in apoE−/− mice. Asprosin overexpression also increased the phosphorylation of p38 and Elk-1 as well as up-regulated the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the aortas. Conclusion Asprosin inhibits lipid accumulation in macrophages and decreases atherosclerotic burden in apoE−/− mice by up-regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression via activation of the p38/Elk-1 signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03542-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hui Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Tabuchi A, Ihara D. SRF in Neurochemistry: Overview of Recent Advances in Research on the Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2545-2557. [PMID: 35668335 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a representative transcription factor that plays crucial roles in various biological phenomena by regulating immediate early genes (IEGs) and genes related to cell morphology and motility, among others. Over the years, the signal transduction pathways activating SRF have been clarified and SRF-target genes have been identified. In this overview, we initially briefly summarize the basic biology of SRF and its cofactors, ternary complex factor (TCF) and megakaryoblastic leukemia (MKL)/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF). Progress in the generation of nervous system-specific knockout (KO) or genetically modified mice as well as genetic analyses over the last few decades has not only identified novel SRF-target genes but also highlighted the neurochemical importance of SRF and its cofactors. Therefore, here we next present the phenotypes of mice with nervous system-specific KO of SRF or its cofactors by depicting recent findings associated with brain development, plasticity, epilepsy, stress response, and drug addiction, all of which result from function or dysfunction of the SRF axis. Last, we develop a hypothesis regarding the possible involvement of SRF and its cofactors in human neurological disorders including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental diseases. This overview should deepen our understanding, highlight promising future directions for developing novel therapeutic strategies, and lead to illumination of the mechanisms underlying higher brain functions based on neuronal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tabuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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20
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A Long-Lasting PARP1-Activation Mediates Signal-Induced Gene Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091576. [PMID: 35563882 PMCID: PMC9101275 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview presents recent evidence for a long-lasting PARP1 activation by a variety of signal transduction mechanisms, mediating signal-induced gene expression and chromatin remodeling. This mode of PARP1 activation has been reported in a variety of cell types, under physiological conditions. In this mechanism, PARP1 is not transiently activated by binding to DNA breaks. Moreover, damaged DNA interfered with this long-lasting PARP1 activation.
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21
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Ascension AM, Arauzo-Bravo MJ. BigMPI4py: Python Module for Parallelization of Big Data Objects Discloses Germ Layer Specific DNA Demethylation Motifs. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:1507-1522. [PMID: 33301409 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.3043979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parallelization in Python integrates Message Passing Interface via the mpi4py module. Since mpi4py does not support parallelization of objects greater than 231 bytes, we developed BigMPI4py, a Python module that wraps mpi4py, supporting object sizes beyond this boundary. BigMPI4py automatically determines the optimal object distribution strategy, and uses vectorized methods, achieving higher parallelization efficiency. BigMPI4py facilitates the implementation of Python for Big Data applications in multicore workstations and High Performance Computer systems. We use BigMPI4py to speed-up the search for germ line specific de novo DNA methylated/unmethylated motifs from the 59 whole genome bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation samples from 27 human tissues of the ENCODE project. We developed a parallel implementation of the Kruskall-Wallis test to find CpGs with differential methylation across germ layers. The parallel evaluation of the significance of 55 million CpG achieved a 22x speedup with 25 cores allowing us an efficient identification of a set of hypermethylated genes in ectoderm and mesoderm-related tissues, and another set in endoderm-related tissues and finally, the discovery of germ layer specific DNA demethylation motifs. Our results point out that DNA methylation signal provide a higher degree of information for the demethylated state than for the methylated state. BigMPI4py is available at https://https://www.arauzolab.org/tools/bigmpi4py and https://gitlab.com/alexmascension/bigmpi4py and the Jupyter Notebook with WGBS analysis at https://gitlab.com/alexmascension/wgbs-analysis.
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22
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Key Genes and Biochemical Networks in Various Brain Regions Affected in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060987. [PMID: 35326437 PMCID: PMC8946735 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most complicated progressive neurodegenerative brain disorders, affecting millions of people around the world. Ageing remains one of the strongest risk factors associated with the disease and the increasing trend of the ageing population globally has significantly increased the pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD is being extensively investigated, yet several unknown key components remain. Therefore, we aimed to extract new knowledge from existing data. Ten gene expression datasets from different brain regions including the hippocampus, cerebellum, entorhinal, frontal and temporal cortices of 820 AD cases and 626 healthy controls were analyzed using the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method. Our results returned 1713 robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between five brain regions of AD cases and healthy controls. Subsequent analysis revealed pathways that were altered in each brain region, of which the GABAergic synapse pathway and the retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathway were shared between all AD affected brain regions except the cerebellum, which is relatively less sensitive to the effects of AD. Furthermore, we obtained common robust DEGs between these two pathways and predicted three miRNAs as potential candidates targeting these genes; hsa-mir-17-5p, hsa-mir-106a-5p and hsa-mir-373-3p. Three transcription factors (TFs) were also identified as the potential upstream regulators of the robust DEGs; ELK-1, GATA1 and GATA2. Our results provide the foundation for further research investigating the role of these pathways in AD pathogenesis, and potential application of these miRNAs and TFs as therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
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23
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Joshi PN, Mervinetsky E, Solomon O, Chen YJ, Yitzchaik S, Friedler A. Electrochemical biosensors based on peptide-kinase interactions at the kinase docking site. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114177. [PMID: 35305389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Kinases are important cancer biomarkers and are conventionally detected based on their catalytic activity. Kinases regulate cellular activities by phosphorylation of motif-specific multiple substrate proteins, resulting in a lack of selectivity of activity-based kinase biosensors. We present an alternative approach of sensing kinases based on the interactions of their allosteric docking sites with a specific partner protein. The new approach was demonstrated for the ERK2 kinase and its substrate ELK-1. A peptide derived from ELK-1 was bound to a gold electrode and ERK2 sensing was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We performed a detailed analysis of the interaction between the ELK-1 peptide and the kinase on gold surfaces. Atomic force microscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and polarization modulation IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy analysis of the gold surface revealed the adsorbed layer of the ERK2 on the peptide monolayer. The sensors showed a high level of target selectivity for ERK2 compared to the p38γ kinase and BSA. ERK2 was detected in its cellular concentration range, 0.5-2.0 μM, and the limit of detection was calculated to be 0.35 μM. Using the flexibility of peptide design, our method is generic for developing sensitive and substrate-specific biosensors and other disease-related enzymes based on their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pralhad Namdev Joshi
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Evgeniy Mervinetsky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ohad Solomon
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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24
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Pietrasik S, Cichon N, Bijak M, Gorniak L, Saluk-Bijak J. Carotenoids from Marine Sources as a New Approach in Neuroplasticity Enhancement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041990. [PMID: 35216103 PMCID: PMC8877331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people experience disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, new forms of therapy, which may be helpful in repairing processes' enhancement and restoring declined brain functions, are constantly being sought. One of the most relevant physiological processes occurring in the brain for its entire life is neuroplasticity. It has tremendous significance concerning CNS disorders since neurological recovery mainly depends on restoring its structural and functional organization. The main factors contributing to nerve tissue damage are oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, marine carotenoids, abundantly occurring in the aquatic environment, being potent antioxidant compounds, may play a pivotal role in nerve cell protection. Furthermore, recent results revealed another valuable characteristic of these compounds in CNS therapy. By inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, carotenoids promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, consequently presenting neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the carotenoids obtained from marine sources and their impact on neuroplasticity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pietrasik
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
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25
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Zhang X, Yue Y, Wu A. Roles of c-Fos, EGR-1, PKA, and PKC in cognitive dysfunction in rats after propofol anesthesia. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Yue
- Capital Medical University, China
| | - Anshi Wu
- Capital Medical University, China
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26
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Kim JY, Park HH, Yong TS, Jeon SH. Lithium chloride inhibits the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by blocking nuclear translocation of phospho-Erk. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 581:74-80. [PMID: 34656851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an important mood-stabilizing therapeutic agent for bipolar disorders, which has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. Investigations of LiCl-induced signaling have focused mainly on extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). However, little is known about the differences in cellular activities resulting from specific signaling via each of these pathways. In this study, we investigated the difference in responses between the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathways by LiCl or epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of osteosarcoma cells. In particular, we analyzed the mechanisms responsible for differences in cell mobility and cell proliferation when pERK or β-catenin is activated. In osteosarcoma cells treated with LiCl or EGF, active β-catenin and p-ERK protein levels were significantly increased compared to those in the control group. However, in wound healing and transwell invasion assays, U2OS and SaOS2 cell migration was significantly reduced by LiCl treatment but increased by EGF treatment. In addition, the proliferation of U2OS cells was reduced by LiCl treatment but increased by EGF treatment. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) with EGF treatment, but pERK was restricted to the perinuclear area with LiCl treatment. These results were confirmed using immunoblot assays after subcellular fractionation. Together, these data suggest that LiCl interferes with the translocation of pERK from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hun Hee Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ansan University, Gyeonggi-do, 15328, South Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Soung-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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27
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Yu F, Ko ML, Ko GYP. MicroRNA-150 and its target ETS-domain transcription factor 1 contribute to inflammation in diabetic photoreceptors. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10724-10735. [PMID: 34704358 PMCID: PMC8581325 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise in the United States due to the obesity epidemic, and 60% of T2D patients develop diabetic retinopathy (DR) in their lifetime. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and T2D and a well‐accepted major contributor to DR, and retinal photoreceptors are a major source of intraocular inflammation and directly contribute to vascular abnormalities in diabetes. However, how diabetic insults cause photoreceptor inflammation is not well known. In this study, we used a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced T2D mouse model and cultured photoreceptors treated with palmitic acid (PA) to decipher major players that mediate high‐fat‐induced photoreceptor inflammation. We found that PA‐elicited microRNA‐150 (miR‐150) decreases with a consistent upregulation of ETS‐domain transcription factor 1 (Elk1), a downstream target of miR‐150, in PA‐elicited photoreceptor inflammation. We compared wild‐type (WT) and miR‐150 null (miR‐150−/−) mice fed with an HFD and found that deletion of miR‐150 exacerbated HFD‐induced photoreceptor inflammation in conjunction with upregulated ELK1. We further delineated the critical cellular localization of phosphorylated ELK1 at serine 383 (pELK1S383) and found that decreased miR‐150 exacerbated the T2D‐induced inflammation in photoreceptors by upregulating ELK1 and pELK1S383, and knockdown of ELK1 alleviated PA‐elicited photoreceptor inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Physical Sciences, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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28
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Mathison AJ, Kerketta R, de Assuncao TM, Leverence E, Zeighami A, Urrutia G, Stodola TJ, di Magliano MP, Iovanna JL, Zimmermann MT, Lomberk G, Urrutia R. Kras G12D induces changes in chromatin territories that differentially impact early nuclear reprogramming in pancreatic cells. Genome Biol 2021; 22:289. [PMID: 34649604 PMCID: PMC8518179 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation is most frequently caused by Kras mutations. RESULTS Here, we apply biological, biochemical, and network biology methods to validate GEMM-derived cell models using inducible KrasG12D expression. We describe the time-dependent, chromatin remodeling program that impacts function during early oncogenic signaling. We find that the KrasG12D-induced transcriptional response is dominated by downregulated expression concordant with layers of epigenetic events. More open chromatin characterizes the ATAC-seq profile associated with a smaller group of upregulated genes and epigenetic marks. RRBS demonstrates that promoter hypermethylation does not account for the silencing of the extensive gene promoter network. Moreover, ChIP-Seq reveals that heterochromatin reorganization plays little role in this early transcriptional program. Notably, both gene activation and silencing primarily depend on the marking of genes with a combination of H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K36me3. Indeed, integrated modeling of all these datasets shows that KrasG12D regulates its transcriptional program primarily through unique super-enhancers and enhancers, and marking specific gene promoters and bodies. We also report chromatin remodeling across genomic areas that, although not contributing directly to cis-gene transcription, are likely important for KrasG12D functions. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report a comprehensive, time-dependent, and coordinated early epigenomic program for KrasG12D in pancreatic cells, which is mechanistically relevant to understanding chromatin remodeling events underlying transcriptional outcomes needed for the function of this oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Romica Kerketta
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Elise Leverence
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Atefeh Zeighami
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Guillermo Urrutia
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Stodola
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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29
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Thiel G, Backes TM, Guethlein LA, Rössler OG. Critical Protein-Protein Interactions Determine the Biological Activity of Elk-1, a Master Regulator of Stimulus-Induced Gene Transcription. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206125. [PMID: 34684708 PMCID: PMC8541449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elk-1 is a transcription factor that binds together with a dimer of the serum response factor (SRF) to the serum-response element (SRE), a genetic element that connects cellular stimulation with gene transcription. Elk-1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, thymocyte development, glucose homeostasis and brain function. The biological function of Elk-1 relies essentially on the interaction with other proteins. Elk-1 binds to SRF and generates a functional ternary complex that is required to activate SRE-mediated gene transcription. Elk-1 is kept in an inactive state under basal conditions via binding of a SUMO-histone deacetylase complex. Phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 upregulates the transcriptional activity of Elk-1, mediated by binding to the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription (Mediator) and the transcriptional coactivator p300. Strong and extended phosphorylation of Elk-1 attenuates Mediator and p300 recruitment and allows the binding of the mSin3A-histone deacetylase corepressor complex. The subsequent dephosphorylation of Elk-1, catalyzed by the protein phosphatase calcineurin, facilitates the re-SUMOylation of Elk-1, transforming Elk-1 back to a transcriptionally inactive state. Thus, numerous protein–protein interactions control the activation cycle of Elk-1 and are essential for its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1626506; Fax: +49-6841-1626500
| | - Tobias M. Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
| | - Lisbeth A. Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Oliver G. Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
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30
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Waldrip ZJ, Burdine L, Harrison DK, Azevedo-Pouly AC, Storey AJ, Moffett OG, Mackintosh SG, Burdine MS. DNA-PKcs kinase activity stabilizes the transcription factor Egr1 in activated immune cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101209. [PMID: 34562454 PMCID: PMC8551498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is known primarily for its function in DNA double-stranded break repair and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). However, DNA-PKcs also has a critical yet undefined role in immunity impacting both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages spurring interest in targeting DNA-PKcs for therapeutic strategies in immune-related diseases. To gain insight into the function of DNA-PKcs within immune cells, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic screen in T cells to identify phosphorylation targets of DNA-PKcs. Our results indicate that DNA-PKcs phosphorylates the transcription factor Egr1 (early growth response protein 1) at serine 301. Expression of Egr1 is induced early upon T cell activation and dictates T cell response by modulating expression of cytokines and key costimulatory molecules such as IL (interleukin) 2, IL6, IFNγ, and NFκB. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by treatment with a DNA-PKcs specific inhibitor NU7441 or shRNA knockdown increased proteasomal degradation of Egr1. Mutation of serine 301 to alanine via CRISPR-Cas9 reduced EGR1 protein expression and decreased Egr1-dependent transcription of IL2 in activated T cells. Our findings identify DNA-PKcs as a critical intermediary link between T cell activation and T cell fate and a novel phosphosite involved in regulating Egr1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Waldrip
- Division of Surgical Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lyle Burdine
- Division of Surgical Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - David K Harrison
- Division of Surgical Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ana Clara Azevedo-Pouly
- Division of Surgical Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aaron J Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Olivia G Moffett
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marie Schluterman Burdine
- Division of Surgical Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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31
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Lynn NA, Martinez E, Nguyen H, Torres JZ. The Mammalian Family of Katanin Microtubule-Severing Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692040. [PMID: 34414183 PMCID: PMC8369831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The katanin family of microtubule-severing enzymes is critical for cytoskeletal rearrangements that affect key cellular processes like division, migration, signaling, and homeostasis. In humans, aberrant expression, or dysfunction of the katanins, is linked to developmental, proliferative, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review current knowledge on the mammalian family of katanins, including an overview of evolutionary conservation, functional domain organization, and the mechanisms that regulate katanin activity. We assess the function of katanins in dividing and non-dividing cells and how their dysregulation promotes impaired ciliary signaling and defects in developmental programs (corticogenesis, gametogenesis, and neurodevelopment) and contributes to neurodegeneration and cancer. We conclude with perspectives on future katanin research that will advance our understanding of this exciting and dynamic class of disease-associated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Lynn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Z. Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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32
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Roles for α-Synuclein in Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081166. [PMID: 34440340 PMCID: PMC8393936 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a small cytosolic protein associated with a range of cellular compartments, including synaptic vesicles, the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. In addition to its physiological role in regulating presynaptic function, the protein plays a central role in both sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) via a gain-of-function mechanism. Because of this, several recent strategies propose to decrease α-Syn levels in PD patients. While these therapies may offer breakthroughs in PD management, the normal functions of α-Syn and potential side effects of its depletion require careful evaluation. Here, we review recent evidence on physiological and pathological roles of α-Syn in regulating activity-dependent signal transduction and gene expression pathways that play fundamental role in synaptic plasticity.
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33
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Falvo S, Santillo A, Di Fiore MM, Rosati L, Chieffi Baccari G. JNK/Elk1 signaling and PCNA protein expression in the brain of hibernating frog Pelophylax esculentus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:529-536. [PMID: 33970561 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and neurogenesis are known to play a role in neuronal survival during hibernation. Herein, we investigate the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and Ets like-1 protein (Elk1) kinase involved in cell survival, as well as the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell proliferation marker, in the brain of the frog Pelophylax esculentus. The study was conducted on female and male frogs collected during the annual cycle. Our results demonstrated that JNK activity increased during the hibernating phase in relation to the active phase. Interestingly, P-Elk1 levels were positively correlated with P-JNK levels, suggesting that the JNK/Elk1 pathway is pivotal in mediating neuroprotective adaptations that are essential to successful hibernation. On the contrary, we detected higher PCNA expression levels during the active period compared with the hibernating period. A sex dimorphism was observed in the expression levels of P-JNK/P-Elk1 that were specifically higher in males, and in the expression of PCNA reporting higher levels in female brains. Much remains to be learned regarding the regulation of hibernation, however, our findings provide new insights into the role of MAPK and proliferative pathways in hibernation, adding new knowledge concerning the mechanisms activated in the brain of ectothermic species to counteract the damage resulting from extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Di Fiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Qu J, Yang SZ, Zhu Y, Guo T, Thannickal VJ, Zhou Y. Targeting mechanosensitive MDM4 promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202033. [PMID: 33688918 PMCID: PMC7953267 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a strong risk factor and an independent prognostic factor for progressive human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aged mice develop nonresolving pulmonary fibrosis following lung injury. In this study, we found that mouse double minute 4 homolog (MDM4) is highly expressed in the fibrotic lesions of human IPF and experimental pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice. We identified MDM4 as a matrix stiffness-regulated endogenous inhibitor of p53. Reducing matrix stiffness down-regulates MDM4 expression, resulting in p53 activation in primary lung myofibroblasts isolated from IPF patients. Gain of p53 function activates a gene program that sensitizes lung myofibroblasts to apoptosis and promotes the clearance of apoptotic myofibroblasts by macrophages. Destiffening of the fibrotic lung matrix by targeting nonenzymatic cross-linking or genetic ablation of Mdm4 in lung (myo)fibroblasts activates the Mdm4-p53 pathway and promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. These findings suggest that mechanosensitive MDM4 is a molecular target with promising therapeutic potential against persistent lung fibrosis associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Milanesi M, Passamonti MM, Cappelli K, Minuti A, Palombo V, Sgorlon S, Capomaccio S, D’Andrea M, Trevisi E, Stefanon B, Williams JL, Ajmone-Marsan P. Genetic Regulation of Biomarkers as Stress Proxies in Dairy Cows. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040534. [PMID: 33917627 PMCID: PMC8067459 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress in livestock reduces productivity and is a welfare concern. At a physiological level, stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory responses and increased levels of harmful reactive oxygen species. Biomarkers that are indicative of stress could facilitate the identification of more stress-resilient animals. We examined twenty-one metabolic, immune response, and liver function biomarkers that have been associated with stress in 416 Italian Simmental and 436 Italian Holstein cows which were genotyped for 150K SNPs. Single-SNP and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies were carried out to assess whether the variation in the levels in these biomarkers is under genetic control and to identify the genomic loci involved. Significant associations were found for the plasma levels of ceruloplasmin (Bos taurus chromosome 1-BTA1), paraoxonase (BTA4) and γ-glutamyl transferase (BTA17) in the individual breed analysis that coincided with the position of the genes coding for these proteins, suggesting that their expression is under cis-regulation. A meta-analysis of both breeds identified additional significant associations with paraoxonase on BTA 16 and 26. Finding genetic associations with variations in the levels of these biomarkers suggests that the selection for high or low levels of expression could be achieved rapidly. Whether the level of expression of the biomarkers correlates with the response to stressful situations has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milanesi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems—DIBAF, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Matilde Maria Passamonti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali. Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali. Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - John Lewis Williams
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition—DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (A.M.); (E.T.); (J.L.W.)
- Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center-PRONUTRIGEN, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Sadeghi MA, Hemmati S, Mohammadi S, Yousefi-Manesh H, Vafaei A, Zare M, Dehpour AR. Chronically altered NMDAR signaling in epilepsy mediates comorbid depression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 33762011 PMCID: PMC7992813 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy. However, the molecular pathways underlying this association remain unclear. The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) may play a role in this association, as its downstream signaling has been shown to undergo long-term changes following excitotoxic neuronal damage. To study this pathway, we used an animal model of fluoxetine-resistant epilepsy-associated depression (EAD). We determined the molecular changes associated with the development of depressive symptoms and examined their response to various combinations of fluoxetine and a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (NI). Depressive symptoms were determined using the forced swim test. Furthermore, expression and phosphorylation levels of markers in the ERK/CREB/ELK1/BDNF/cFOS pathway were measured to determine the molecular changes associated with these symptoms. Finally, oxidative stress markers were measured to more clearly determine the individual contributions of each treatment. While chronic fluoxetine (Flxc) and NI were ineffective alone, their combination had a statistically significant synergistic effect in reducing depressive symptoms. The development of depressive symptoms in epileptic rats was associated with the downregulation of ERK2 expression and ELK1 and CREB phosphorylation. These changes were exactly reversed upon Flxc + NI treatment, which led to increased BDNF and cFOS expression as well. Interestingly, ERK1 did not seem to play a role in these experiments. NI seemed to have augmented Flxc’s antidepressant activity by reducing oxidative stress. Our findings suggest NMDAR signaling alterations are a major contributor to EAD development and a potential target for treating conditions associated with underlying excitotoxic neuronal damage.
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Ma SP, Xi HR, Gao XX, Yang JM, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Song XM, Chen HY, Lu DR. Long noncoding RNA HBBP1 enhances γ-globin expression through the ETS transcription factor ELK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:157-163. [PMID: 33744764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by defects in the production of adult hemoglobin (HbA, α2β2), which leads to an imbalance between α- and non-α-globin chains. Reactivation of γ-globin expression is an effective strategy to treat β-thalassemia patients. Previously, it was demonstrated that hemoglobin subunit beta pseudogene 1 (HBBP1) is associated with elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) in β-thalassemia patients. However, the mechanism underlying HBBP1-mediated HbF production is unknown. In this study, using bioinformatics analysis, we found that HBBP1 is involved in γ-globin production, and then preliminarily confirmed this finding in K562 cells. When HBBP1 was overexpressed, γ-globin expression was increased at the transcript and protein levels in HUDEP-2 cells. Next, we found that ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1) binds to the HBBP1 proximal promoter and significantly promotes its activity. Moreover, the synthesis of γ-globin was enhanced when ELK1 was overexpressed in HUDEP-2 cells. Surprisingly, ELK1 also directly bound to and activated the γ-globin proximal promoter. Furthermore, we found that HBBP1 and ELK1 can interact with each other in HUDEP-2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that HBBP1 can induce γ-globin by enhancing ELK1 expression, providing some clues for γ-globin reactivation in β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hai-Rui Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xu-Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing-Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, 105-8521, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Xian-Min Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital (affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University), No. 100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Da-Ru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Latham LE, Wang C, Patterson TA, Slikker W, Liu F. Neuroprotective Effects of Carnitine and Its Potential Application to Ameliorate Neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1208-1222. [PMID: 33570912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine is an essential metabolite that is absorbed from the diet and synthesized in the kidney, liver, and brain. It ferries fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane to undergo β-oxidation. Carnitine has been studied as a therapy or protective agent for many neurological diseases and neurotoxicity (e.g., prolonged anesthetic exposure-induced developmental neurotoxicity in preclinical models). Preclinical and clinical data support the notion that carnitine or acetyl carnitine may improve a patient's quality of life through increased mitochondrial respiration, release of neurotransmitters, and global gene expression changes, showing the potential of carnitine beyond its approved use to treat primary and secondary carnitine deficiency. In this review, we summarize the beneficial effects of carnitine or acetyl carnitine on the central nervous system, highlighting protective effects against neurotoxicity-induced damage caused by various chemicals and encouraging a thorough evaluation of carnitine use as a therapy for patients suffering from neurotoxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Latham
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- Office of Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - William Slikker
- Office of Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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Yang SY, Castellani CA, Longchamps RJ, Pillalamarri VK, O'Rourke B, Guallar E, Arking DE. Blood-derived mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with gene expression across multiple tissues and is predictive for incident neurodegenerative disease. Genome Res 2021; 31:349-358. [PMID: 33441415 PMCID: PMC7919448 DOI: 10.1101/gr.269381.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a proxy for mitochondrial function and is associated with aging-related diseases. However, it is unclear how mtDNA-CN measured in blood can reflect diseases that primarily manifest in other tissues. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, we interrogated relationships between mtDNA-CN measured in whole blood and gene expression from whole blood and 47 additional tissues in 419 individuals. mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with expression of 700 genes in whole blood, including nuclear genes required for mtDNA replication. Significant enrichment was observed for splicing and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways, as well as target genes for the mitochondrial transcription factor NRF1. In nonblood tissues, there were more significantly associated genes than expected in 30 tissues, suggesting that global gene expression in those tissues is correlated with blood-derived mtDNA-CN. Neurodegenerative disease pathways were significantly associated in multiple tissues, and in an independent data set, the UK Biobank, we observed that higher mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with lower rates of both prevalent (OR = 0.89, CI = 0.83; 0.96) and incident neurodegenerative disease (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91;0.98). The observation that mtDNA-CN measured in blood is associated with gene expression in other tissues suggests that blood-derived mtDNA-CN can reflect metabolic health across multiple tissues. Identification of key pathways including splicing, RNA binding, and catalysis reinforces the importance of mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Finally, validation of the role of mtDNA CN in neurodegenerative disease in a large independent cohort study solidifies the link between blood-derived mtDNA-CN, altered gene expression in multiple tissues, and aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Vamsee K Pillalamarri
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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40
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Yang LK, Hou ZS, Tao YX. Biased signaling in naturally occurring mutations of G protein-coupled receptors associated with diverse human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:165973. [PMID: 32949766 PMCID: PMC7722056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in transmitting a variety of extracellular signals into the cells and regulate diverse physiological functions. Naturally occurring mutations that result in dysfunctions of GPCRs have been known as the causes of numerous diseases. Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations. The multiple intracellular signaling pathways, such as G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling, in conjunction with recent advances on biased agonism, have broadened the view on the molecular mechanism of disease pathogenesis. This review aims to briefly discuss biased agonism of GPCRs (biased ligands and biased receptors), summarize the naturally occurring GPCR mutations that cause biased signaling, and propose the potential pathophysiological relevance of biased mutant GPCRs associated with various endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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41
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Regulation of the MIE Locus During HCMV Latency and Reactivation. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110869. [PMID: 33113934 PMCID: PMC7690695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesviral pathogen that results in life-long infection. HCMV maintains a latent or quiescent infection in hematopoietic cells, which is broadly defined by transcriptional silencing and the absence of de novo virion production. However, upon cell differentiation coupled with immune dysfunction, the virus can reactivate, which leads to lytic replication in a variety of cell and tissue types. One of the mechanisms controlling the balance between latency and reactivation/lytic replication is the regulation of the major immediate-early (MIE) locus. This enhancer/promoter region is complex, and it is regulated by chromatinization and associated factors, as well as a variety of transcription factors. Herein, we discuss these factors and how they influence the MIE locus, which ultimately impacts the phase of HCMV infection.
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Kasemsuk T, Phuagkhaopong S, Yubolphan R, Rungreangplangkool N, Vivithanaporn P. Cadmium induces CCL2 production in glioblastoma cells via activation of MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:186-193. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1829211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Kasemsuk
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruedeemars Yubolphan
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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Montagnani V, Maresca L, Apollo A, Pepe S, Carr RM, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Stecca B. E3 ubiquitin ligase PARK2, an inhibitor of melanoma cell growth, is repressed by the oncogenic ERK1/2-ELK1 transcriptional axis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16058-16071. [PMID: 32938713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is characterized by high prevalence of BRAF/NRAS mutations and hyperactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), leading to uncontrolled melanoma growth. Efficacy of current targeted therapies against mutant BRAF or MEK1/2 have been hindered by existence of innate or development of acquired resistance. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlled by MAPK pathway driving melanogenesis will help develop new treatment approaches targeting this oncogenic cascade. Here, we identify E3 ubiquitin ligase PARK2 as a direct target of ELK1, a known transcriptional effector of MAPK signaling in melanoma cells. We show that pharmacological inhibition of BRAF-V600E or ERK1/2 in melanoma cells increases PARK2 expression. PARK2 overexpression reduces melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo and induces apoptosis. Conversely, its genetic silencing increases melanoma cell proliferation and reduces cell death. Further, we demonstrate that ELK1 is required by the BRAF-ERK1/2 pathway to repress PARK2 expression and promoter activity in melanoma cells. Clinically, PARK2 is highly expressed in WT BRAF and NRAS melanomas, but it is expressed at low levels in melanomas carrying BRAF/NRAS mutations. Overall, our data provide new insights into the tumor suppressive role of PARK2 in malignant melanoma and uncover a novel mechanism for the negative regulation of PARK2 via the ERK1/2-ELK1 axis. These findings suggest that reactivation of PARK2 may be a promising therapeutic approach to counteract melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Montagnani
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Maresca
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Apollo
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ryan M Carr
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
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Forkosh E, Kenig A, Ilan Y. Introducing variability in targeting the microtubules: Review of current mechanisms and future directions in colchicine therapy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00616. [PMID: 32608157 PMCID: PMC7327382 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers that constitute the cellular cytoskeleton and play a role in multiple cellular functions. Variability characterizes biological systems and is considered a part of the normal function of cells and organs. Variability contributes to cell plasticity and is a mechanism for overcoming errors in cellular level assembly and function, and potentially the whole organ level. Dynamic instability is a feature of biological variability that characterizes the function of MTs. The dynamic behavior of MTs constitutes the basis for multiple biological processes that contribute to cellular plasticity and the timing of cell signaling. Colchicine is a MT-modifying drug that exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. This review discusses some of the functions of colchicine and presents a platform for introducing variability while targeting MTs in intestinal cells, the microbiome, the gut, and the systemic immune system. This platform can be used for implementing novel therapies, improving response to chronic MT-based therapies, overcoming drug resistance, exerting gut-based systemic immune responses, and generating patient-tailored dynamic therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Forkosh
- Department of MedicineHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ariel Kenig
- Department of MedicineHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of MedicineHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
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Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Carotenoids in Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153453. [PMID: 32751250 PMCID: PMC7436041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, programmed cell death type I, is a critical part of neurodegeneration in cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease. Apoptosis begins with activation of pro-death proteins Bax and Bak, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases, loss of membrane integrity of intracellular organelles, and ultimately cell death. Approaches that block apoptotic pathways may prevent or delay neurodegenerative processes. Carotenoids are a group of pigments found in fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds that possess antioxidant properties. Over the last several decades, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated a protective role of carotenoids in neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we describe functions of commonly consumed carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin and their roles in neurodegenerative disease models. We also discuss the underlying cellular mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated neuroprotection, including their antioxidant properties, role as signaling molecules, and as gene regulators that alleviate apoptosis-associated brain cell death.
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46
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Mondal B, Jin H, Kallappagoudar S, Sedkov Y, Martinez T, Sentmanat MF, Poet GJ, Li C, Fan Y, Pruett-Miller SM, Herz HM. The histone deacetylase complex MiDAC regulates a neurodevelopmental gene expression program to control neurite outgrowth. eLife 2020; 9:57519. [PMID: 32297854 PMCID: PMC7192582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic deacetylase complex (MiDAC) is a recently identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. While other HDAC complexes have been implicated in neurogenesis, the physiological role of MiDAC remains unknown. Here, we show that MiDAC constitutes an important regulator of neural differentiation. We demonstrate that MiDAC functions as a modulator of a neurodevelopmental gene expression program and binds to important regulators of neurite outgrowth. MiDAC upregulates gene expression of pro-neural genes such as those encoding the secreted ligands SLIT3 and NETRIN1 (NTN1) by a mechanism suggestive of H4K20ac removal on promoters and enhancers. Conversely, MiDAC inhibits gene expression by reducing H3K27ac on promoter-proximal and -distal elements of negative regulators of neurogenesis. Furthermore, loss of MiDAC results in neurite outgrowth defects that can be rescued by supplementation with SLIT3 and/or NTN1. These findings indicate a crucial role for MiDAC in regulating the ligands of the SLIT3 and NTN1 signaling axes to ensure the proper integrity of neurite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisakhi Mondal
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Satish Kallappagoudar
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Yurii Sedkov
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Tanner Martinez
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Monica F Sentmanat
- Genome Engineering & iPS Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Greg J Poet
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Hans-Martin Herz
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
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47
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Morella I, Hallum H, Brambilla R. Dopamine D1 and Glutamate Receptors Co-operate With Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and TrkB to Modulate ERK Signaling in Adult Striatal Slices. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:564106. [PMID: 33304241 PMCID: PMC7701236 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.564106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the striatum, the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, necessary for various forms of behavioral plasticity, is triggered by the combined engagement of dopamine D1 and ionotropic glutamate receptors. In this study, we investigated the potential crosstalk between glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB inputs to ERK cascade by using an ex vivo model of mouse striatal slices. Our results confirmed that the concomitant stimulation of D1 and glutamate receptors is necessary to activate ERK in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Moreover, we found that ERK activation is significantly enhanced when BDNF is co-applied either with glutamate or the D1 agonist SKF38393, supporting the idea of possible integration between BDNF, glutamate, and D1R-mediated signaling. Interestingly, ERK activation via BDNF-TrkB is upregulated upon blockade of either AMPAR/NMDAR or D1 receptors, suggesting a negative regulatory action of these two neurotransmitter systems on BDNF-mediated signaling. However, the observed enhancement of ERK1/2 phosphorylation does not result in corresponding downstream signaling changes at the nuclear level. Conversely, the TrkB antagonist cyclotraxin B partially prevents glutamate- and D1-mediated ERK activation. Altogether, these results suggest a complex and unexpected interaction among dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and BDNF receptor systems to modulate the ERK pathway in striatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Hallum
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Critical role of CRAG, a splicing variant of centaurin-γ3/AGAP3, in ELK1-dependent SRF activation at PML bodies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20107. [PMID: 31882856 PMCID: PMC6934726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CRMP-5-associated GTPase (CRAG), a short splicing variant of centaurin-γ3/AGAP3, is predominantly expressed in the developing brain. We previously demonstrated that CRAG, but not centaurin-γ3, translocates to the nucleus and activates the serum response factor (SRF)-c-Fos pathway in cultured neuronal cells. However, the physiological relevance of CRAG in vivo is unknown. Here, we found that CRAG/centaurin-γ3-knockout mice showed intensively suppressed kainic acid-induced c-fos expression in the hippocampus. Analyses of molecular mechanisms underlying CRAG-mediated SRF activation revealed that CRAG has an essential role in GTPase activity, interacts with ELK1 (a co-activator of SRF), and activates SRF in an ELK1-dependent manner. Furthermore, CRAG and ELK1 interact with promyelocytic leukaemia bodies through SUMO-interacting motifs, which is required for SRF activation. These results suggest that CRAG plays a critical role in ELK1-dependent SRF-c-fos activation at promyelocytic leukaemia bodies in the developing brain.
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Early epigenomic and transcriptional changes reveal Elk-1 transcription factor as a therapeutic target in Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24840-24851. [PMID: 31744868 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a late clinical onset despite ubiquitous expression of the mutant Huntingtin gene (HTT) from birth. Transcriptional dysregulation is a pivotal feature of HD. Yet, the genes that are altered in the prodromal period and their regulators, which present opportunities for therapeutic intervention, remain to be elucidated. Using transcriptional and chromatin profiling, we found aberrant transcription and changes in histone H3K27acetylation in the striatum of R6/1 mice during the presymptomatic disease stages. Integrating these data, we identified the Elk-1 transcription factor as a candidate regulator of prodromal changes in HD. Exogenous expression of Elk-1 exerted beneficial effects in a primary striatal cell culture model of HD, and adeno-associated virus-mediated Elk-1 overexpression alleviated transcriptional dysregulation in R6/1 mice. Collectively, our work demonstrates that aberrant gene expression precedes overt disease onset in HD, identifies the Elk-1 transcription factor as a key regulator linked to early epigenetic and transcriptional changes in HD, and presents evidence for Elk-1 as a target for alleviating molecular pathology in HD.
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50
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Wang AW, Wang YJ, Zahm AM, Morgan AR, Wangensteen KJ, Kaestner KH. The Dynamic Chromatin Architecture of the Regenerating Liver. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:121-143. [PMID: 31629814 PMCID: PMC6909351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The adult liver is the main detoxification organ and routinely is exposed to environmental insults but retains the ability to restore its mass and function upon tissue damage. However, extensive injury can lead to liver failure, and chronic injury causes fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the transcriptional regulation of organ repair in the adult liver is incompletely understood. METHODS We isolated nuclei from quiescent as well as repopulating hepatocytes in a mouse model of hereditary tyrosinemia, which recapitulates the injury and repopulation seen in toxic liver injury in human beings. We then performed the assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing specifically in repopulating hepatocytes to identify differentially accessible chromatin regions and nucleosome positioning. In addition, we used motif analysis to predict differential transcription factor occupancy and validated the in silico results with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). RESULTS Chromatin accessibility in repopulating hepatocytes was increased in the regulatory regions of genes promoting proliferation and decreased in the regulatory regions of genes involved in metabolism. The epigenetic changes at promoters and liver enhancers correspond with the regulation of gene expression, with enhancers of many liver function genes showing a less accessible state during the regenerative process. Moreover, increased CTCF occupancy at promoters and decreased HNF4α binding at enhancers implicate these factors as key drivers of the transcriptomic changes in replicating hepatocytes that enable liver repopulation. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of hepatocyte-specific epigenomic changes during liver repopulation identified CTCF and HNF4α as key regulators of hepatocyte proliferation and regulation of metabolic programs. Thus, liver repopulation in the setting of toxic injury makes use of both general transcription factors (CTCF) for promoter activation, and reduced binding by a hepatocyte-enriched factor (HNF4α) to temporarily limit enhancer activity. All sequencing data in this study were deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus database and can be downloaded with accession number GSE109466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber W Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Adam M Zahm
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashleigh R Morgan
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirk J Wangensteen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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