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Arčan IŠ, Kouter K, Zupanc T, Paska AV. Epigenetics and suicide: investigating altered H3K14ac unveiled differential expression in ADORA2A, B4GALT2 and MMP14. Epigenomics 2024; 16:701-714. [PMID: 38545853 PMCID: PMC11318710 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental factors make an important contribution to suicide. Histone tails are prone to different modifications, leading to changes of chromatin (de)condensation and consequently gene expression. Materials & methods: Level of H3K14ac was studied with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Genes were further validated with RT-qPCR; using hippocampal tissue. Results: We showed lowered H3K14ac levels in individuals who died by suicide. The genes ADORA2A, B4GALT2 and MMP14 showed differential expression in individuals who died by suicide. Identified genetic and protein interactions among genes show interactions with suicide-related genes. Conclusion: Further investigations of histone modifications in association with DNA methylation and miRNA are needed to expand our knowledge of the genes that could significantly contribute to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Šalamon Arčan
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Zupanc
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Videtič Paska
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wang R, Huang K, Feng Y, Duan J, Ying H, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Jiang R, Yang L. Exo-miR-144-3p as a promising diagnostic biomarker for depressive symptoms in heart failure. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106415. [PMID: 38266934 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of depression is higher in heart failure (HF) patients. Early screening of depressive symptoms in HF patients and timely intervention can help to improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. This study aims to explore diagnostic biomarkers by examining the expression profile of serum exosomal miRNAs in HF patients with depressive symptoms. METHODS Serum exosomal RNA was isolated and extracted from 6 HF patients with depressive symptoms (HF-DS) and 6 HF patients without depressive symptoms (HF-NDS). High-throughput sequencing was performed to obtain miRNA expression profiles and target genes were predicted for the screened differentially expressed miRNAs. Biological functions of the target genes were analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, we collected serum exosomal RNAs from HF-DS (n = 20) and HF-NDS (n = 20). The differentially expressed miRNAs selected from the sequencing results were validated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Finally, the diagnostic efficacy of the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs for HF-DS was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 19 significantly differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were screened by high-throughput sequencing, consisting of 12 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated exosomal miRNAs. RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the expression level of exo-miR-144-3p was significantly down-regulated in the HF-DS group, and the expression levels of exo-miR-625-3p and exo-miR-7856-5p were significantly up-regulated. In addition, the expression level of exo-miR-144-3p was negatively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms in HF patients, and that the area under the curve (AUC) of exo-miR-144-3p for diagnosing HF-DS was 0.763. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we examined the serum exosomal miRNA expression profiles of HF patients with depressive symptoms and found that lower level of exo-miR-144-3p was associated with more severe depressive symptoms. Exo-miR-144-3p is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of HF-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuehua Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hangfeng Ying
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Qianyuan Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Riyue Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
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Cui L, Li S, Wang S, Wu X, Liu Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xia M, Li B. Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 38331979 PMCID: PMC10853571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD. Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, thus in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies, further revealing the disease features of MDD. Furthermore, some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention, some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD, preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines, as well as the related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiafang Wu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiyang Yu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China.
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China.
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4
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O’Connell CJ, Brown RS, Peach TM, Traubert OD, Schwierling HC, Notorgiacomo GA, Robson MJ. Strain in the Midbrain: Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Central Serotonin System. Brain Sci 2024; 14:51. [PMID: 38248266 PMCID: PMC10813794 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pervasive public health crisis that severely impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Like peripheral forms of trauma, TBI results from extraordinarily heterogeneous environmental forces being imparted on the cranial space, resulting in heterogeneous disease pathologies. This has made therapies for TBI notoriously difficult to develop, and currently, there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies specifically for the acute or chronic treatment of TBI. TBI is associated with changes in cognition and can precipitate the onset of debilitating psychiatric disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Complicating these effects of TBI, FDA-approved pharmacotherapies utilized to treat these disorders often fail to reach the desired level of efficacy in the context of neurotrauma. Although a complicated association, decades of work have linked central serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission as being involved in the etiology of a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders, including MDD and GAD. 5-HT is a biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter that is highly conserved across scales of biology. Though the majority of 5-HT is isolated to peripheral sites such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, 5-HT neurotransmission within the CNS exerts exquisite control over diverse biological functions, including sleep, appetite and respiration, while simultaneously establishing normal mood, perception, and attention. Although several key studies have begun to elucidate how various forms of neurotrauma impact central 5-HT neurotransmission, a full determination of precisely how TBI disrupts the highly regulated dynamics of 5-HT neuron function and/or 5-HT neurotransmission has yet to be conceptually or experimentally resolved. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, to integrate the disparate bodies of 5-HT and TBI research and synthesize insight into how new combinatorial research regarding 5-HT neurotransmission and TBI may offer an informed perspective into the nature of TBI-induced neuropsychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. O’Connell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.J.O.); (R.S.B.); (T.M.P.)
| | - Ryan S. Brown
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.J.O.); (R.S.B.); (T.M.P.)
| | - Taylor M. Peach
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.J.O.); (R.S.B.); (T.M.P.)
| | - Owen D. Traubert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Hana C. Schwierling
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.J.O.); (R.S.B.); (T.M.P.)
| | | | - Matthew J. Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.J.O.); (R.S.B.); (T.M.P.)
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Kraeuter AK. The use of integrated behavioural z-scoring in behavioural neuroscience - A perspective article. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 384:109751. [PMID: 36435327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders results in difficulties interpreting pre-clinical data. Guilloux et al. (2011b), proposed an integrated behavioural z-scoring procedure to improve the predictive validity of animal models by converging evidence similarly used to diagnose mental health conditions in humans. Here, I set out to give a brief review of the current methodology and literature using integrated behavioural z-scoring. Secondly, I will discuss the benefits and downfalls of integrated behavioural z-scoring and its potential future applications. Integrated behavioural z-scoring is a methodology used most frequently within animal models of depression and anxiety. Here, I am suggesting broadening the application of integrated behavioural z-scoring beyond the field of depression and anxiety to a three-step methodology to obtain disease-specific behavioural z-scores (i.e Schizophrenia index, Alzheimer's disease index) to aid translatability and interpretation of data. Lastly, I suggest integrating not only behaviour but also biological variables to create converging psychological and physiological evidence to sustain face and construct validity, while improving predict validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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6
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Zhang CC, Zhu LX, Shi HJ, Zhu LJ. The Role of Vesicle Release and Synaptic Transmission in Depression. Neuroscience 2022; 505:171-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Almeida D, Turecki G. Profiling cell-type specific gene expression in post-mortem human brain samples through laser capture microdissection. Methods 2022; 207:3-10. [PMID: 36064002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of a cell constitutes an essential piece of cellular identity and contributes to the multifaceted complexity and heterogeneity of cell-types within the mammalian brain. Thus, while a wealth of studies have investigated transcriptomic alterations underlying the pathophysiology of diseases of the brain, their use of bulk-tissue homogenates makes it difficult to tease apart whether observed differences are explained by disease state or cellular composition. Cell-type-specific enrichment strategies are, therefore, crucial in the context of gene expression profiling. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is one such strategy that allows for the capture of specific cell-types, or regions of interest, under microscopic visualization. In this review, we focus on using LCM for cell-type specific gene expression profiling in post-mortem human brain samples. We begin with a discussion of various LCM systems, followed by a walk-through of each step in the LCM to gene expression profiling workflow and a description of some of the limitations associated with LCM. Throughout the review, we highlight important considerations when using LCM with post-mortem human brain samples. Whenever applicable, commercially available kits that have proven successful in the context of LCM with post-mortem human brain samples are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Almeida
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4H 1R3
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4H 1R3; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1.
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Youssef MMM, Hamada HT, Lai ESK, Kiyama Y, El-Tabbal M, Kiyonari H, Nakano K, Kuhn B, Yamamoto T. TOB is an effector of the hippocampus-mediated acute stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:302. [PMID: 35906220 PMCID: PMC9338090 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress affects behavior and involves critical dynamic changes at multiple levels ranging from molecular pathways to neural circuits and behavior. Abnormalities at any of these levels lead to decreased stress resilience and pathological behavior. However, temporal modulation of molecular pathways underlying stress response remains poorly understood. Transducer of ErbB2.1, known as TOB, is involved in different physiological functions, including cellular stress and immediate response to stimulation. In this study, we investigated the role of TOB in psychological stress machinery at molecular, neural circuit, and behavioral levels. Interestingly, TOB protein levels increased after mice were exposed to acute stress. At the neural circuit level, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggested that intra-hippocampal and hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity were dysregulated in Tob knockout (Tob-KO) mice. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices showed increased postsynaptic AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission, accompanied by decreased GABA neurotransmission and subsequently altered Excitatory/Inhibitory balance after Tob deletion. At the behavioral level, Tob-KO mice show abnormal, hippocampus-dependent, contextual fear conditioning and extinction, and depression-like behaviors. On the other hand, increased anxiety observed in Tob-KO mice is hippocampus-independent. At the molecular level, we observed changes in factors involved in stress response like decreased stress-induced LCN2 expression and ERK phosphorylation, as well as increased MKP-1 expression. This study introduces TOB as an important modulator in the hippocampal stress signaling machinery. In summary, we reveal a molecular pathway and neural circuit mechanism by which Tob deletion contributes to expression of pathological stress-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohieldin M M Youssef
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Hiro Taiyo Hamada
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Esther Suk King Lai
- Neural Circuit Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate school of medical and dental sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mohamed El-Tabbal
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakano
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
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Czamara D, Neufang A, Dieterle R, Iurato S, Arloth J, Martins J, Ising M, Binder EE, Erhardt A. Effects of stressful life-events on DNA methylation in panic disorder and major depressive disorder. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:55. [PMID: 35477560 PMCID: PMC9047302 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent panic attacks and higher affection of women as compared to men. The lifetime prevalence of PD is about 2-3% in the general population leading to tremendous distress and disability. Etiologically, genetic and environmental factors, such as stress, contribute to the onset and relapse of PD. In the present study, we investigated epigenome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) in respond to a cumulative, stress-weighted life events score (wLE) in patients with PD and its boundary to major depressive disorder (MDD), frequently co-occurring with symptoms of PD. METHODS DNAm was assessed by the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. In a meta-analytic approach, epigenome-wide DNAm changes in association with wLE were first analyzed in two PD cohorts (with a total sample size of 183 PD patients and 85 healthy controls) and lastly in 102 patients with MDD to identify possible overlapping and opposing effects of wLE on DNAm. Additionally, analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) was conducted to identify regional clusters of association. RESULTS Two CpG-sites presented with p-values below 1 × 10-05 in PD: cg09738429 (p = 6.40 × 10-06, located in an intergenic shore region in next proximity of PYROXD1) and cg03341655 (p = 8.14 × 10-06, located in the exonic region of GFOD2). The association of DNAm at cg03341655 and wLE could be replicated in the independent MDD case sample indicating a diagnosis independent effect. Genes mapping to the top hits were significantly upregulated in brain and top hits have been implicated in the metabolic system. Additionally, two significant DMRs were identified for PD only on chromosome 10 and 18, including CpG-sites which have been reported to be associated with anxiety and other psychiatric phenotypes. CONCLUSION This first DNAm analysis in PD reveals first evidence of small but significant DNAm changes in PD in association with cumulative stress-weighted life events. Most of the top associated CpG-sites are located in genes implicated in metabolic processes supporting the hypothesis that environmental stress contributes to health damaging changes by affecting a broad spectrum of systems in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Czamara
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexa Neufang
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Dieterle
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stella Iurato
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Arloth
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Jade Martins
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth E Binder
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- Translational Department, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2+10, 80804, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of Mental Health, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
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10
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Godinez A, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Sharma S, You Y, Pushpitha K, Dhiman K, Mirzaei M, Graham S, Gupta V. Neuroserpin, a crucial regulator for axogenesis, synaptic modelling and cell-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:172. [PMID: 35244780 PMCID: PMC8897380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is an axonally secreted serpin that is involved in regulating plasminogen and its enzyme activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The protein has been increasingly shown to play key roles in neuronal development, plasticity, maturation and synaptic refinement. The proteinase inhibitor may function both independently and through tPA-dependent mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence regarding the role of neuroserpin in healthy and diseased conditions and highlight the participation of the serpin in various cellular signalling pathways. Several polymorphisms and mutations have also been identified in the protein that may affect the serpin conformation, leading to polymer formation and its intracellular accumulation. The current understanding of the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, glaucoma, stroke, neuropsychiatric disorders and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is presented. To truly understand the detrimental consequences of neuroserpin dysfunction and the effective therapeutic targeting of this molecule in pathological conditions, a cross-disciplinary understanding of neuroserpin alterations and its cellular signaling networks is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Clinton SM, Shupe EA, Glover ME, Unroe KA, McCoy CR, Cohen JL, Kerman IA. Modeling heritability of temperamental differences, stress reactivity, and risk for anxiety and depression: Relevance to research domain criteria (RDoC). Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2076-2107. [PMID: 33629390 PMCID: PMC8382785 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal models provide important tools to study biological and environmental factors that shape brain function and behavior. These models can be effectively leveraged by drawing on concepts from the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative, which aims to delineate molecular pathways and neural circuits that underpin behavioral anomalies that transcend psychiatric conditions. To study factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality and stress reactivity, our laboratory utilized Sprague-Dawley rats that were selectively bred for differences in novelty exploration. Selective breeding for low versus high locomotor response to novelty produced rat lines that differ in behavioral domains relevant to anxiety and depression, particularly the RDoC Negative Valence domains, including acute threat, potential threat, and loss. Bred Low Novelty Responder (LR) rats, relative to their High Responder (HR) counterparts, display high levels of behavioral inhibition, conditioned and unconditioned fear, avoidance, passive stress coping, anhedonia, and psychomotor retardation. The HR/LR traits are heritable, emerge in the first weeks of life, and appear to be driven by alterations in the developing amygdala and hippocampus. Epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling in the developing and adult HR/LR brain suggest that DNA methylation and microRNAs, as well as differences in monoaminergic transmission (dopamine and serotonin in particular), contribute to their distinct behavioral phenotypes. This work exemplifies ways that animal models such as the HR/LR rats can be effectively used to study neural and molecular factors driving emotional behavior, which may pave the way toward improved understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shupe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Matthew E Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Keaton A Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chelsea R McCoy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Joshua L Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Gao L, Gao T, Zeng T, Huang P, Wong NK, Dong Z, Li Y, Deng G, Wu Z, Lv Z. Blockade of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 ameliorates hippocampal neurogenesis and BOLD-fMRI signals in chronic stress precipitated depression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5875-5891. [PMID: 33591947 PMCID: PMC7950278 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, though its molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. We investigated the molecular mechanism of IDO1 in depression by using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in Ido1-/- mice and WT mice. The brain blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals in mice were collected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology. IDO1 inhibitor INCB024360 was intervened in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) through stereotactic injection. We found an elevation of serum IDO1 activity and decreased 5-HT in CUMS mice, and the serum IDO1 activity was negatively correlated with 5-HT level. Consistently, IDO1 was increased in hippocampus and DRN regions, accompanied by a reduction of hippocampal BDNF levels in mice with CUMS. Specifically, pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 activity in the DRN alleviated depressive-like behaviour with improving hippocampal BDNF expression and neurogenesis in CUMS mice. Furthermore, ablation of Ido1 exerted stress resistance and decreased the sensitivity of depression in CUMS mice with the stable BOLD signals, BDNF expression and neurogenesis in hippocampus. Thus, IDO1 hyperactivity played crucial roles in modulating 5-HT metabolism and BDNF function thereby impacting outcomes of hippocampal neurogenesis and BOLD signals in depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Song X, Sun N, Zhang A, Lei L, Li X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yang C, Zhang K. Association Between NR4A2 Gene Polymorphism and Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Effect. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2613-2623. [PMID: 34408421 PMCID: PMC8364372 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s319548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unclear, studies have shown that the dopaminergic system of depressed patients is defective, and that NR4A2 is an important transcription factor affecting the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. As such, NR4A2 levels affected by NR4A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with MDD. This study examined whether NR4A2 SNPs are associated with depressive symptoms and antidepressant efficacy. METHODS A total of 441 patients with first-episode depression were enrolled in this study. We analysed three SNPs of NR4A2, using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and its four factors to obtain scores at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. UNPHASED software was employed for quantitative character analysis, and SPSS software was adopted for antidepressant efficacy analysis. RESULTS Patients with rs12803-A exhibited higher scores of retardation symptoms. Patients with the rs834834-C allele and rs834834-CC genotype had higher retardation symptom scores. Patients with rs3769340 exhibited greater antidepressant efficacy. CONCLUSION NR4A2 gene polymorphisms are associated with retardation symptoms, somatic symptoms (gastro-intestinal), anxiety-based somatic symptoms, insight, and weight loss in patients with MDD. Additionally, rs3769340 may be a predictor of antidepressant efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Rafi SK, Fernández-Jaén A, Álvarez S, Nadeau OW, Butler MG. High Functioning Autism with Missense Mutations in Synaptotagmin-Like Protein 4 (SYTL4) and Transmembrane Protein 187 (TMEM187) Genes: SYTL4- Protein Modeling, Protein-Protein Interaction, Expression Profiling and MicroRNA Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3358. [PMID: 31323913 PMCID: PMC6651166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a 7-year-old male with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and maternally-inherited rare missense variant of Synaptotagmin-like protein 4 (SYTL4) gene (Xq22.1; c.835C>T; p.Arg279Cys) and an unknown missense variant of Transmembrane protein 187 (TMEM187) gene (Xq28; c.708G>T; p. Gln236His). Multiple in-silico predictions described in our study indicate a potentially damaging status for both X-linked genes. Analysis of predicted atomic threading models of the mutant and the native SYTL4 proteins suggest a potential structural change induced by the R279C variant which eliminates the stabilizing Arg279-Asp60 salt bridge in the N-terminal half of the SYTL4, affecting the functionality of the protein's critical RAB-Binding Domain. In the European (Non-Finnish) population, the allele frequency for this variant is 0.00042. The SYTL4 gene is known to directly interact with several members of the RAB family of genes, such as, RAB27A, RAB27B, RAB8A, and RAB3A which are known autism spectrum disorder genes. The SYTL4 gene also directly interacts with three known autism genes: STX1A, SNAP25 and STXBP1. Through a literature-based analytical approach, we identified three of five (60%) autism-associated serum microRNAs (miRs) with high predictive power among the total of 298 mouse Sytl4 associated/predicted microRNA interactions. Five of 13 (38%) miRs were differentially expressed in serum from ASD individuals which were predicted to interact with the mouse equivalent Sytl4 gene. TMEM187 gene, like SYTL4, is a protein-coding gene that belongs to a group of genes which host microRNA genes in their introns or exons. The novel Q236H amino acid variant in the TMEM187 in our patient is near the terminal end region of the protein which is represented by multiple sequence alignments and hidden Markov models, preventing comparative structural analysis of the variant harboring region. Like SYTL4, the TMEM187 gene is expressed in the brain and interacts with four known ASD genes, namely, HCFC1; TMLHE; MECP2; and GPHN. TMM187 is in linkage with MECP2, which is a well-known determinant of brain structure and size and is a well-known autism gene. Other members of the TMEM gene family, TMEM132E and TMEM132D genes are associated with bipolar and panic disorders, respectively, while TMEM231 is a known syndromic autism gene. Together, TMEM187 and SYTL4 genes directly interact with recognized important ASD genes, and their mRNAs are found in extracellular vesicles in the nervous system and stimulate target cells to translate into active protein. Our evidence shows that both these genes should be considered as candidate genes for autism. Additional biological testing is warranted to further determine the pathogenicity of these gene variants in the causation of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed K Rafi
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | | | - Sara Álvarez
- Genomics and Medicine, NIM Genetics, 28108 Madrid, Spain
| | - Owen W Nadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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15
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Cell Type-Specific Laser Capture Microdissection for Gene Expression Profiling in the Human Brain. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1723:203-221. [PMID: 29344862 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell type-specific laser microdissection technologies in combination with molecular techniques to determine gene expression profiles have become powerful tools to gain insight into the neurobiological basis of neural circuit disturbances in various neurologic or psychiatric diseases. To identify specific cell populations in human postmortem brain tissue, one can use the inherent properties of the cells, such as pigmentation and morphology or their structural composition through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here, we describe the isolation of homogeneous neurons and oligodendrocytes and the extraction of high-quality RNA from these cells in human postmortem brain using a combination of rapid IHC, Nissl staining, or simple morphology with Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM), or Laser Microdissection (LMD).
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16
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Hökfelt T, Barde S, Xu ZQD, Kuteeva E, Rüegg J, Le Maitre E, Risling M, Kehr J, Ihnatko R, Theodorsson E, Palkovits M, Deakin W, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Prud’homme HJ, Mechawar N, Diaz-Heijtz R, Ögren SO. Neuropeptide and Small Transmitter Coexistence: Fundamental Studies and Relevance to Mental Illness. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:106. [PMID: 30627087 PMCID: PMC6309708 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as transmitters and trophic factors, and play a role particularly when the nervous system is challenged, as by injury, pain or stress. Here neuropeptides and coexistence in mammals are reviewed, but with special focus on the 29/30 amino acid galanin and its three receptors GalR1, -R2 and -R3. In particular, galanin's role as a co-transmitter in both rodent and human noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons is addressed. Extensive experimental animal data strongly suggest a role for the galanin system in depression-like behavior. The translational potential of these results was tested by studying the galanin system in postmortem human brains, first in normal brains, and then in a comparison of five regions of brains obtained from depressed people who committed suicide, and from matched controls. The distribution of galanin and the four galanin system transcripts in the normal human brain was determined, and selective and parallel changes in levels of transcripts and DNA methylation for galanin and its three receptors were assessed in depressed patients who committed suicide: upregulation of transcripts, e.g., for galanin and GalR3 in LC, paralleled by a decrease in DNA methylation, suggesting involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. It is hypothesized that, when exposed to severe stress, the noradrenergic LC neurons fire in bursts and release galanin from their soma/dendrites. Galanin then acts on somato-dendritic, inhibitory galanin autoreceptors, opening potassium channels and inhibiting firing. The purpose of these autoreceptors is to act as a 'brake' to prevent overexcitation, a brake that is also part of resilience to stress that protects against depression. Depression then arises when the inhibition is too strong and long lasting - a maladaption, allostatic load, leading to depletion of NA levels in the forebrain. It is suggested that disinhibition by a galanin antagonist may have antidepressant activity by restoring forebrain NA levels. A role of galanin in depression is also supported by a recent candidate gene study, showing that variants in genes for galanin and its three receptors confer increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. In summary, galanin, a neuropeptide coexisting in LC neurons, may participate in the mechanism underlying resilience against a serious and common disorder, MDD. Existing and further results may lead to an increased understanding of how this illness develops, which in turn could provide a basis for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eugenia Kuteeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joelle Rüegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Swetox, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maitre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP 2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Bustamante AC, Armstrong DL, Uddin M. Epigenetic profiles associated with major depression in the human brain. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:439-442. [PMID: 29272728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in brain-derived DNA using two analytic approaches. DNA methylation data (GSE41826) was used in differential methylation (DM) analyses controlling for age, sex, suicide status, and post-mortem interval; and in weighted gene co-methylation network analyses (WGCNA) in probes mapping to transcription start sites. No probes in the DM analysis survived FDR correction. Nominally significant DM probes were enriched in synaptic function-related genes. WGCNA revealed one module correlated with MDD, enriched in genes associated with mitochondrial function. DM and WGCNA both showed enrichment of genes involved in transcription and DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Bustamante
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Don L Armstrong
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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18
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Sonntag KC, Woo TUW. Laser microdissection and gene expression profiling in the human postmortem brain. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 150:263-272. [PMID: 29496145 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63639-3.00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Laser microdissection in combination with gene expression profiling using postmortem human brain tissue provides a powerful approach to interrogating cell type-specific pathologies within neural circuits that are known to be dysfunctional in neuropsychiatric disorders. The success of these experiments critically depends on a number of factors, such as the cellular purity of the sample, the quality of the RNA, the methodologies of data normalization and computational data analysis, and how data are interpreted. Data obtained from these experiments should be validated at the protein level. Furthermore, from the perspective of disease mechanism discovery, it would be ideal to investigate whether manipulation of the expression of genes identified as differentially expressed can rescue or ameliorate the neurobiologic or behavioral phenotypes associated with the specific disease. Thus, the ultimate value of this approach rests upon the fact that the generation of novel disease-related pathophysiologic hypotheses may lead to deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and possible development of effective targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Christian Sonntag
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tsung-Ung W Woo
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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19
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Chen X, Long F, Cai B, Chen X, Chen G. A novel relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder Part 5: a hint from chromosome 5 high density association screen. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2473-2491. [PMID: 28559998 PMCID: PMC5446530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was systematically reported (Aukes, M. F. Genet Med 2012, 14, 338-341) and any two or even three of these disorders could co-exist in some families. In addition, evidence from symptomatology and psychopharmacology also imply that there are intrinsic connections between these three major disorders. A total of 56,569 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) on chromosome 5 were genotyped by Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD patients and 1000 controls. Associated SNPs and flanking genes was screen out systematically, and cadherin pathway genes (CDH6, CDH9, CDH10, CDH12, and CDH18) belong to outstanding genes. Unexpectedly, nearly all flanking genes of the associated SNPs distinctive for BPD and MDD were replicated in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients (P ≤ 9.9E-8). Considering multiple bits of evidence, our chromosome 5 analyses implicated that bipolar and major depressive disorder might be subtypes of schizophrenia rather than two independent disease entities. Also, cadherin pathway genes play important roles in the pathogenesis of the three major mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Cai
- Capital Bio Corporation18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Capital Bio Corporation18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Lithgow BJ, Garrett AL, Moussavi ZM, Gurvich C, Kulkarni J, Maller JJ, Fitzgerald PB. Major depression and electrovestibulography. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:334-50. [PMID: 25815564 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1014410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No electrophysiological neuroimaging or genetic markers have been established that strongly relate to a diagnosis of major depression or its severity. The objective of this paper is to describe the preliminary evaluation of a potential new biomarker for depression utilizing the recording of electrical activity from the outer ear canal referred to as electrovestibulography (EVestG). METHODS Sensory oto-acoustic features were extracted from EVestG data to compare 31 healthy age- and gender-matched individuals as controls to 43 major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects (22 symptomatic (MDD-S), 21 reduced symptomatic (MDD-R)). The stimulus was a single supine-vertical translation. The six features examined were based on the measured firing pattern interval histogram and the shape of the average field potential response. RESULTS An unbiased classification accuracy of 85, 87 and 77% was achieved for separating Control from MDD-S, Control from MDD, and MDD-S from MDD-R groups respectively. Features used showed low but significant correlations (P < 0.05) with MADRS and CORE assessments. CONCLUSIONS The results support the use of separate features for measuring MDD symptomatology versus diagnosing MDD, representing plausible different mechanisms of brain function in MDD-S and MDD-R. The first evidence of the successful application of sensory oto-acoustic features toward diagnosing and measuring the symptomatology of MDD is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lithgow
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and the Alfred Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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21
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LSD1 modulates stress-evoked transcription of immediate early genes and emotional behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3651-6. [PMID: 26976584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511974113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral changes in response to stressful stimuli can be controlled via adaptive epigenetic changes in neuronal gene expression. Here we indicate a role for the transcriptional corepressor Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) and its dominant-negative splicing isoform neuroLSD1, in the modulation of emotional behavior. In mouse hippocampus, we show that LSD1 and neuroLSD1 can interact with transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) and set the chromatin state of SRF-targeted genes early growth response 1 (egr1) and c-fos Deletion or reduction of neuro LSD1 in mutant mice translates into decreased levels of activating histone marks at egr1 and c-fos promoters, dampening their psychosocial stress-induced transcription and resulting in low anxiety-like behavior. Administration of suberoylanilide hydroxamine to neuroLSD1(KO)mice reactivates egr1 and c-fos transcription and restores the behavioral phenotype. These findings indicate that LSD1 is a molecular transducer of stressful stimuli as well as a stress-response modifier. Indeed, LSD1 expression itself is increased acutely at both the transcriptional and splicing levels by psychosocial stress, suggesting that LSD1 is involved in the adaptive response to stress.
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Choi K, Heo YJ, Kang HJ. Gata1 overexpression in neurons increases the expression of cell-mediated cytotoxicity-related genes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Sharma A. Systems Genomics Support for Immune and Inflammation Hypothesis of Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:749-58. [PMID: 26733279 PMCID: PMC5050401 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160106155331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune system plays an important role in brain development and function. With the discovery of increased circulating inflammatory cytokine levels in depression over two decades ago, evidence implicating immune system alterations in the disease has increasingly accumulated. OBJECTIVE To assess the underlying etiology and pathophysiology, a brief overview of the hypothesis free genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies in depression is presented here in order to specifically examine if the immune and inflammation hypothesis of depression is supported. RESULTS It is observed that genes identified in genome-wide association studies, and genes showing differential expression in transcriptomic studies in human depression do separately overrepresent processes related to both development as well as functioning of the immune system, and inflammatory response. These processes are also enriched in differentially expressed genes reported in animal models of antidepressant treatment. It is further noted that some of the genes identified in genome sequencing and proteomic analyses in human depression, and transcriptomic studies in chronic social defeat stress, an established animal model of depression, relate to immune and inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSION In conclusion, integrative genomics evidence supports the immune and inflammation hypothesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
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Donev R, Alawam K. Alterations in Gene Expression in Depression: Prospects for Personalize Patient Treatment. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 101:97-124. [PMID: 26572977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The number of people around the world suffering from depression has dramatically increased in last few decades. It has been predicted that by 2020 depression will become the second most common cause of disability. Furthermore, depression is often misdiagnosed and confused with other psychiatric disorders showing similar symptoms, i.e., anxiety and bipolar disorder, due to the fact that diagnosing is often carried out by medical workers who are not psychiatrically trained. These facts prompt us to prepare this review which focuses on alterations in gene expression in depression. We believe that an in-depth knowledge of molecular bases of behavior in depression and other mood disorders would be of a great benefit for the correct diagnosing of these disorders, as well as for prescribing a treatment that best suits each individual depending on expression alterations in depression-related genes. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to promote further translational research on the biochemistry of mood disorders and take the results further for the design of new targeted therapeutics that can be used for personalized treatment with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Alawam
- Forensic Medicine Department, Ministry of Interior, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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25
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Chen X, Long F, Cai B, Chen X, Chen G. A novel relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder Part 7: A hint from chromosome 7 high density association screen. Behav Brain Res 2015; 293:241-51. [PMID: 26192912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence from genetics, symptology and psychopharmacology imply that there are intrinsic connection between schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Also, any two or even three of these disorders could co-existe in some families. A total of 47,144 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) on chromosome 7 were genotyped by Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD, and 1000 controls. Associated SNP loci were comprehensively revealed and outstanding susceptibility genes were identified including CNTNAP2. a neurexin family gene. Unexpectedly, flanking genes for up to 94.74 % of of the associated SNPs were replicated (P≤9.9 E-8) in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients. Considering other convergent evidence, our results further implicate that BPD and MDD are subtypes of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cai
- CapitalBio corporation, 18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- CapitalBio corporation, 18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Challis C, Berton O. Top-Down Control of Serotonin Systems by the Prefrontal Cortex: A Path toward Restored Socioemotional Function in Depression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1040-54. [PMID: 25706226 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social withdrawal, increased threat perception, and exaggerated reassurance seeking behaviors are prominent interpersonal symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). Altered serotonin (5-HT) systems and corticolimbic dysconnectivity have long been suspected to contribute to these symptomatic facets; however, the underlying circuits and intrinsic cellular mechanisms that control 5-HT output during socioemotional interactions remain poorly understood. We review literature that implicates a direct pathway between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in the adaptive and pathological control of social approach-avoidance behaviors. Imaging and neuromodulation during approach-avoidance tasks in humans point to the cortical control of brainstem circuits as an essential regulator of socioemotional decisions and actions. Parallel rodent studies using viral-based connectomics and optogenetics are beginning to provide a cellular blueprint of the underlying circuitry. In these studies, manipulations of vmPFC synaptic inputs to the DRN have revealed bidirectional influences on socioaffective behaviors via direct monosynaptic excitation and indirect disynaptic inhibition of 5-HT neurons. Additionally, adverse social experiences that result in permanent avoidance biases, such as social defeat, drive long-lasting plasticity in this microcircuit, potentiating the indirect inhibition of 5-HT output. Conversely, neuromodulation of the vmPFC via deep brain stimulation (DBS) attenuates avoidance biases by restoring the direct excitatory drive of 5-HT neurons and strengthening a key subset of forebrain 5-HT projections. Better understanding the cellular organization of the vmPFC-DRN pathway and identifying molecular determinants of its neuroplasticity can open fundamentally novel avenues for the treatment of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Challis
- Department of Psychiatry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Olivier Berton
- Department of Psychiatry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Acute and chronic stress differentially regulate cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in mouse brain: implications to glucocorticoid actions and major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e578. [PMID: 26057048 PMCID: PMC4490283 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which in turn increases circulating glucocorticoid concentrations and stimulates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Chronically elevated glucocorticoids by repetitive exposure to stress are implicated in major depression and anxiety disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a molecule essential for nervous system development, function and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, can modulate GR activity through phosphorylation. We examined potential contribution of CDK5 to stress response and pathophysiology of major depression. In mice, acute immobilized stress (AS) caused a biphasic effect on CDK5 activity, initially reducing but increasing afterwards in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIPPO), whereas chronic unpredictable stress (CS) strongly increased it in these brain areas, indicating that AS and CS differentially regulate this kinase activity in a brain region-specific fashion. GR phosphorylation contemporaneously followed the observed changes of CDK5 activity after AS, thus CDK5 may in part alter GR phosphorylation upon this stress. In the postmortem brains of subjects with major depression, CDK5 activity was elevated in Brodmann's area 25, but not in entire PFC and HIPPO. Messenger RNA expression of glucocorticoid-regulated/stress-related genes showed distinct expression profiles in several brain areas of these stressed mice or depressive subjects in which CDK5-mediated changes in GR phosphorylation may have some regulatory roles. Taken together, these results indicate that CDK5 is an integral component of stress response and major depression with regulatory means specific to different stressors, brain areas and diseases in part through changing phosphorylation of GR.
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Barchas JD, Brody BD. Perspectives on depression-past, present, futurea. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1345:1-15. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Benjamin D. Brody
- Department of Psychiatry; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
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29
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Velegzhaninov IO, Shadrin DM, Pylina YI, Ermakova AV, Shostal OA, Belykh ES, Kaneva AV, Ermakova OV, Klokov DY. Differential Molecular Stress Responses to Low Compared to High Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Normal Human Fibroblasts. Dose Response 2015; 13:10.2203_dose-response.14-058.Velegzhaninov. [PMID: 26675169 PMCID: PMC4674169 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-058.velegzhaninov] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms producing low dose ionizing radiation specific biological effects represents one of the major challenges of radiation biology. Although experimental evidence does suggest that various molecular stress response pathways may be involved in the production of low dose effects, much of the detail of those mechanisms remains elusive. We hypothesized that the regulation of various stress response pathways upon irradiation may differ from one another in complex dose-response manners, causing the specific and subtle low dose radiation effects. In the present study, the transcription level of 22 genes involved in stress responses were analyzed using RT-qPCR in normal human fibroblasts exposed to a range of gamma-doses from 1 to 200 cGy. Using the alkali comet assay, we also measured the level of DNA damages in dose-response and time-course experiments. We found non-linear dose responses for the repair of DNA damage after exposure to gamma-radiation. Alterations in gene expression were also not linear with dose for several of the genes examined and did not follow a single pattern. Rather, several patterns could be seen. Our results suggest a complex interplay of various stress response pathways triggered by low radiation doses, with various low dose thresholds for different genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982
| | - Dmitry M Shadrin
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982
| | - Yana I Pylina
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982
| | | | - Olga A Shostal
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982
| | - Elena S Belykh
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982
| | - Anna V Kaneva
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 ; Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia. 55 Octyabrskiy ave., 167001
| | - Olga V Ermakova
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia. 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982
| | - Dmitry Y Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, 1 Plant Rd, Chalk River, K0J1P0, Ontario, Canada
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Soiza-Reilly M, Commons KG. Unraveling the architecture of the dorsal raphe synaptic neuropil using high-resolution neuroanatomy. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:105. [PMID: 25206323 PMCID: PMC4143723 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), representing the main source of brain’s serotonin, is implicated in the pathophysiology and therapeutics of several mental disorders that can be debilitating and life-long including depression, anxiety and autism. The activity of DRN neurons is precisely regulated, both phasically and tonically, by excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABAergic axons arising from extra-raphe areas as well as from local sources within the nucleus. Changes in serotonin neurotransmission associated with pathophysiology may be encoded by alterations within this network of regulatory afferents. However, the complex organization of the DRN circuitry remains still poorly understood. Using a recently developed high-resolution immunofluorescence technique called array tomography (AT) we quantitatively analyzed the relative contribution of different populations of glutamate axons originating from different brain regions to the excitatory drive of the DRN. Additionally, we examined the presence of GABA axons within the DRN and their possible association with glutamate axons. In this review, we summarize our findings on the architecture of the rodent DRN synaptic neuropil using high-resolution neuroanatomy, and discuss possible functional implications for the nucleus. Understanding of the synaptic architecture of neural circuits at high resolution will pave the way to understand how neural structure and function may be perturbed in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Soiza-Reilly
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM, UMR-S 839 Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Kathryn G Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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Antidepressant-like effects of cortical deep brain stimulation coincide with pro-neuroplastic adaptations of serotonin systems. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:203-12. [PMID: 24503468 PMCID: PMC4072754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapeutic option for treatment-refractory depression, but its mode of action remains enigmatic. Serotonin (5-HT) systems are engaged indirectly by ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) DBS. Resulting neuroplastic changes in 5-HT systems could thus coincide with the long-term therapeutic activity of vmPFC DBS. METHODS We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the antidepressant-like activity of vmPFC DBS in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of depression (n = 8-13 mice/group). Circuit-wide activation induced by vmPFC DBS was mapped with c-Fos immunolabeling. The effects of chronic vmPFC DBS on the physiology and morphology of genetically identified 5-HT cells from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were examined with whole-cell recording, somatodendritic three-dimensional reconstructions and morphometric analyses of presynaptic boutons along 5-HT axons. RESULTS Acute DBS drove c-Fos expression locally in the vmPFC and in several distal monosynaptically connected regions, including the DRN. Chronic DBS reversed CSDS-induced social avoidance, restored the disrupted balance of excitatory/inhibitory inputs onto 5-HT neurons, and reversed 5-HT hypoexcitability observed after CSDS. Furthermore, vmPFC DBS reversed CSDS-induced arborization of 5-HT dendrites in the DRN and increased the size and density of 5-HT presynaptic terminals in the dentate gyrus and vmPFC. CONCLUSIONS We validate a new preclinical paradigm to examine cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like activity of vmPFC DBS and identify dramatic circuit-mediated cellular adaptations that coincide with this treatment. These neuroplastic changes of 5-HT neurons might contribute to the progressive mood improvements reported in patients treated with chronic courses of cortical DBS.
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Turner CA, Thompson RC, Bunney WE, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Myers RM, Akil H, Watson SJ. Altered choroid plexus gene expression in major depressive disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:238. [PMID: 24795602 PMCID: PMC4001046 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the emergent interest in biomarkers for mood disorders, we assessed gene expression in the choroid plexus (CP), the region that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genes that are expressed in the CP can be secreted into the CSF and may be potential biomarker candidates. Given that we have previously shown that fibroblast growth factor family members are differentially expressed in post-mortem brain of subjects with MDD and the CP is a known source of growth factors in the brain, we posed the question whether growth factor dysregulation would be found in the CP of subjects with MDD. We performed laser capture microscopy of the CP at the level of the hippocampus in subjects with MDD and psychiatrically normal controls. We then extracted, amplified, labeled, and hybridized the cRNA to Illumina BeadChips to assess gene expression. In controls, the most highly abundant known transcript was transthyretin. Moreover, half of the 14 most highly expressed transcripts in controls encode ribosomal proteins. Using BeadStudio software, we identified 169 transcripts differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between control and MDD samples. Using pathway analysis we noted that the top network altered in subjects with MDD included multiple members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed downregulation of several transcripts that interact with the extracellular matrix in subjects with MDD. These results suggest that there may be an altered cytoskeleton in the CP in MDD subjects that may lead to a disrupted blood-CSF-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney A Turner
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California - Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Datson NA, van den Oever JME, Korobko OB, Magarinos AM, de Kloet ER, McEwen BS. Previous history of chronic stress changes the transcriptional response to glucocorticoid challenge in the dentate gyrus region of the male rat hippocampus. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3261-72. [PMID: 23633533 PMCID: PMC3749472 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression and psychosis. In response to stress glucocorticoids (GCs) are secreted that bind to mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the transcription of gene networks in the brain necessary for coping with stress, recovery, and adaptation. Chronic stress particularly affects the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus, causing several functional and morphological changes with consequences for learning and memory, which are likely adaptive but at the same time make DG neurons more vulnerable to subsequent challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional response of DG neurons to a GC challenge in male rats previously exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). An intriguing finding of the current study was that having a history of CRS had profound consequences for the subsequent response to acute GC challenge, differentially affecting the expression of several hundreds of genes in the DG compared with challenged nonstressed control animals. This enduring effect of previous stress exposure suggests that epigenetic processes may be involved. In line with this, CRS indeed affected the expression of several genes involved in chromatin structure and epigenetic processes, including Asf1, Ash1l, Hist1h3f, and Tp63. The data presented here indicate that CRS alters the transcriptional response to a subsequent GC injection. We propose that this altered transcriptional potential forms part of the molecular mechanism underlying the enhanced vulnerability for stress-related disorders like depression caused by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Datson
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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