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Peng Y, Yang G, Wang S, Lin W, Zhu L, Dong W, Shen B, Nie Q, Hong S, Li L. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Deficiency Exacerbates Methamphetamine-Induced Activation of Microglia and Neuroinflammation. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:165-176. [PMID: 38006258 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231216397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most widely abused drugs worldwide. The continuous use of METH eventually leads to neurotoxicity and drug addiction. Studies have shown that neurotoxicity is strongly associated with METH-induced neuroinflammation, and microglia are the key drivers of neuroinflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is reported to play a key role in activation of microglia and neuroinflammation. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which METH causes neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the role of TREM2 in neuroinflammation induced by METH in BV2 cells and the wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice, CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice, and TREM2 knockout (KO) mice. Postmortem samples from the frontal cortex of humans with a history of METH use were also analyzed to determine the levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, and IL-1β. The expression levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, IL-1β, iNOS, and Arg-1 were then assessed in the BV2 cells and frontal cortex of mice and human METH users. Results revealed that the expression levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, and IL-1β were significantly elevated in METH-using individuals and BV2 cells. Microglia were clearly activated in the frontal cortex of WT C57BL/6 mice and CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice, and the protein levels of IBA1, TREM2, TLR4, and IL-1β were elevated in the METH-induced mouse models. Moreover, TREM2-KO mice showed further increased microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity induced by METH. Thus, these findings suggest that TREM2 may be a target for regulating METH-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Peng
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanrong Lin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qianyun Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shijun Hong
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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2
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Tanrıkulu AB, Kaya H, Çatak Z. Elevated C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023; 27:351-358. [PMID: 37477597 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2237557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use disorder causes significant crises, which have individual, familial, and social consequences. Identifying inflammatory biomarkers for methamphetamine use disorder may be useful for following the inflammatory status of patients in clinical assessment. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and neutrophil/albumin ratio (NAR) levels can be used as inflammatory biomarkers in methamphetamine use disorder. METHODS The sample comprised 139 treatment-seeking participants who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for methamphetamine use disorder and 139 sociodemographically matched controls. Only hospitalised patients were included. An independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and binominal logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS CAR (p = 0.016) and NAR (p = 0.048) levels were significantly higher in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder when compared with healthy controls. The CAR level was found to be a significant predictor of group membership in regression analysis for methamphetamine use disorder. CONCLUSION CAR may be a potential inflammatory biomarker for patients with methamphetamine use disorder. CAR as a relatively easier-to-measure biomarker could be beneficial to follow the inflammatory status and treatment response of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baran Tanrıkulu
- Psychiatry, Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Turkey Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kaya
- Psychiatry, Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Turkey Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Çatak
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Central Laboratory, Elazig, Turkey
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3
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Wu D, Chen Q, Chen X, Han F, Chen Z, Wang Y. The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:217. [PMID: 37231000 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain. Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues. Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery. In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing. In this review, the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized. Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted. Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic, inorganic, and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields, offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Liu N, Zhu Y, Yu K, Gu Z, Lv S, Chen Y, He C, Fu J, He Y. Functional Blood-Brain Barrier Model with Tight Connected Minitissue by Liquid Substrates Culture. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201984. [PMID: 36394091 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The functional blood-brain barrier (BBB) model can provide a reliable tool for better understanding BBB transport mechanisms and in vitro preclinical experimentation. However, recapitulating microenvironmental complexities and physiological functions in an accessible approach remains a major challenge. Here, a new BBB model with a high-cell spatial density and tightly connected biomimetic minitissue is presented. The minitissue, pivotal functional structure of the BBB model, is fabricated by a novel and easy-to-use liquid substrate culture (LSC) method, which allows cells to self-assemble and self-heal into macrosized, tightly connected membranous minitissue. The minitissue with uniform thickness can be easily harvested in their entirety with extracellular matrix. Attributed to the tightly connected minitissue formed by LSC, the fabricated BBB biomimetic model has 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher transendothelial electric resistance than the commonly reported BBB model. It also better prevents the transmission of large molecular substances, recapitulating the functional features of BBB. Furthermore, the BBB biomimetic model provides feedback regarding BBB-destructive drugs, exhibits selective transmission, and shows efflux pump activity. Overall, this model can serve as an accessible tool for life science or clinical medical researchers to enhance the understanding of human BBB and expedite the development of new brain-permeable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zeming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chaofan He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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5
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Ottonelli I, Sharma A, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Duskey JT, Vandelli MA, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Muresanu DF, Buzoianu AD, Tian ZR, Zhang Z, Li C, Feng L, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Curcumin Attenuates Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity and Elevates Levels of Dopamine and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:385-416. [PMID: 37480467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant used as traditional medicine in China and India since ages to treat variety of inflammatory ailments as a food supplement. Curcumin has antitumor properties with neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Curcumin elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) levels in the brain indicating its role in substance abuse. Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most abused substances in the world that induces profound neurotoxicity by inducing breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vasogenic edema and cellular injuries. However, influence of curcumin on METH-induced neurotoxicity is still not well investigated. In this investigation, METH neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of curcumin nanodelivery were examined in a rat model. METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) neurotoxicity is evident 4 h after its administration exhibiting breakdown of BBB to Evans blue albumin in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus and hypothalamus associated with vasogenic brain edema as seen measured using water content in all these regions. Nissl attaining exhibited profound neuronal injuries in the regions of BBB damage. Normal curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min after METH administration was able to reduce BBB breakdown and brain edema partially in some of the above brain regions. However, TiO2 nanowired delivery of curcumin (25 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly attenuated brain edema, neuronal injuries and the BBB leakage in all the brain areas. BDNF level showed a significant higher level in METH-treated rats as compared to saline-treated METH group. Significantly enhanced DA levels in METH-treated rats were also observed with nanowired delivery of curcumin. Normal curcumin was able to slightly elevate DA and BDNF levels in the selected brain regions. Taken together, our observations are the first to show that nanodelivery of curcumin induces superior neuroprotection in METH neurotoxicity probable by enhancing BDNF and DA levels in the brain, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ottonelli
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dafin Fior Muresanu
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnosis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Seyednejad SA, Sartor GC. Noncoding RNA therapeutics for substance use disorder. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2022; 2:10807. [PMID: 36601439 PMCID: PMC9808746 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2022.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to regulate maladaptive neuroadaptations that drive compulsive drug use, ncRNA-targeting therapeutics for substance use disorder (SUD) have yet to be clinically tested. Recent advances in RNA-based drugs have improved many therapeutic issues related to immune response, specificity, and delivery, leading to multiple successful clinical trials for other diseases. As the need for safe and effective treatments for SUD continues to grow, novel nucleic acid-based therapeutics represent an appealing approach to target ncRNA mechanisms in SUD. Here, we review ncRNA processes implicated in SUD, discuss recent therapeutic approaches for targeting ncRNAs, and highlight potential opportunities and challenges of ncRNA-targeting therapeutics for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Afshin Seyednejad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (CT IBACS), Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Gregory C. Sartor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (CT IBACS), Storrs, CT, United States
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7
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Malone SG, Shaykin JD, Stairs DJ, Bardo MT. Neurobehavioral effects of environmental enrichment and drug abuse vulnerability: An updated review. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173471. [PMID: 36228739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment consisting of social peers and novel objects is known to alter neurobiological functioning and have an influence on the behavioral effects of drugs of abuse in preclinical rodent models. An earlier review from our laboratory (Stairs and Bardo, 2009) provided an overview of enrichment-specific changes in addiction-like behaviors and neurobiology. The current review updates the literature in this extensive field. Key findings from this updated review indicate that enrichment produces positive outcomes in drug abuse vulnerability beyond just psychostimulants. Additionally, recent studies indicate that enrichment activates key genes involved in cell proliferation and protein synthesis in nucleus accumbens and enhances growth factors in hippocampus and neurotransmitter signaling pathways in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Remaining gaps in the literature and future directions for environmental enrichment and drug abuse research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jakob D Shaykin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dustin J Stairs
- Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Hixson-Lied Science Building, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, USA.
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8
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Methamphetamine Induces Systemic Inflammation and Anxiety: The Role of the Gut–Immune–Brain Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911224. [PMID: 36232524 PMCID: PMC9569811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug abused by millions of users worldwide, thus becoming a global health concern with limited management options. The inefficiency of existing treatment methods has driven research into understanding the mechanisms underlying METH-induced disorders and finding effective treatments. This study aims to understand the complex interactions of the gastrointestinal–immune–nervous systems following an acute METH dose administration as one of the potential underlying molecular mechanisms concentrating on the impact of METH abuse on gut permeability. Findings showed a decreased expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and EpCAm in intestinal tissue and the presence of FABP-1 in sera of METH treated mice suggests intestinal wall disruption. The increased presence of CD45+ immune cells in the intestinal wall further confirms gut wall inflammation/disruption. In the brain, the expression of inflammatory markers Ccl2, Cxcl1, IL-1β, TMEM119, and the presence of albumin were higher in METH mice compared to shams, suggesting METH-induced blood–brain barrier disruption. In the spleen, cellular and gene changes are also noted. In addition, mice treated with an acute dose of METH showed anxious behavior in dark and light, open field, and elevated maze tests compared to sham controls. The findings on METH-induced inflammation and anxiety may provide opportunities to develop effective treatments for METH addiction in the future.
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9
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Tissue Engineering Approaches to Uncover Therapeutic Targets for Endothelial Dysfunction in Pathological Microenvironments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137416. [PMID: 35806421 PMCID: PMC9266895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a central role in many pathologies, rendering it crucial to understand the underlying mechanism for potential therapeutics. Tissue engineering offers opportunities for in vitro studies of endothelial dysfunction in pathological mimicry environments. Here, we begin by analyzing hydrogel biomaterials as a platform for understanding the roles of the extracellular matrix and hypoxia in vascular formation. We next examine how three-dimensional bioprinting has been applied to recapitulate healthy and diseased tissue constructs in a highly controllable and patient-specific manner. Similarly, studies have utilized organs-on-a-chip technology to understand endothelial dysfunction's contribution to pathologies in tissue-specific cellular components under well-controlled physicochemical cues. Finally, we consider studies using the in vitro construction of multicellular blood vessels, termed tissue-engineered blood vessels, and the spontaneous assembly of microvascular networks in organoids to delineate pathological endothelial dysfunction.
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10
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Li X, Li K, Zhu Z, Jin Y, Gao Z, Xu J, Zhang L. Exercise Regulates the Metabolic Homeostasis of Methamphetamine Dependence. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070606. [PMID: 35888730 PMCID: PMC9323070 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is effective in enhancing cognitive function, reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, reducing cravings, and improving quality of life in methamphetamine (METH) addiction. However, little is known about the effect of exercise on metabolic profiles. We performed LC/MS-based targeted metabolic profiling on serum samples to investigate the metabolic characteristics of METH dependence and find the differences between METH-dependent individuals and nonusers and evaluated the metabolomic profiles of individuals with METH dependence following aerobic exercise training. We identified a total of 201 metabolites, among which 115 were differentially expressed under METH use. Among the differentially regulated metabolites, 72 were selected as potential biomarkers. Further analysis identified 19 pathways, among which glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and citrate cycle were most significantly affected by METH. The aerobic exercise intervention differentially regulated 55 metabolites, of which 51 were selected as potential biomarkers and were mainly enriched in 10 pathways. Interestingly, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were the remarkably affected pathways. Furthermore, METH increased the serum levels of glutamate and decreased GABA, whereas exercise decreased the serum levels of glutamate and increased GABA. Results suggested that METH dependency disturbed normal metabolic homeostasis, whereas exercise restored metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.G.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kefeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China;
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhanle Gao
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Jisheng Xu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
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11
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Emanuel KM, Runner K, Brodnik ZD, Morsey BM, Lamberty BG, Johnson HS, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, España RA, Fox HS, Gaskill PJ. Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection. iScience 2022; 25:104207. [PMID: 35494221 PMCID: PMC9046124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antiretroviral therapy, inflammation is a central factor in numerous HIV-associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the value of developing therapeutics that both reduce HIV-associated inflammation and treat associated comorbidities. Previous research on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) suggests this class of drugs has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to neuropsychiatric effects. Therefore, we examined the impact of deprenyl, an MAOI, on SIV-associated inflammation during acute SIV infection using the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection. Our results show deprenyl decreased both peripheral and CNS inflammation but had no effect on viral load in either the periphery or CNS. These data show that the MAOI deprenyl may have broad anti-inflammatory effects when given during the acute stage of SIV infection, suggesting more research into the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug could result in a beneficial adjuvant for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Z D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, NIH Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - B M Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - B G Lamberty
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - S N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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12
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Chang JH, Greene C, Frudd K, Araujo dos Santos L, Futter C, Nichols BJ, Campbell M, Turowski P. Methamphetamine enhances caveolar transport of therapeutic agents across the rodent blood-brain barrier. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100497. [PMID: 35106509 PMCID: PMC8784794 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts clinically relevant accumulation of many therapeutics in the CNS. Low-dose methamphetamine (METH) induces fluid-phase transcytosis across BBB endothelial cells in vitro and could be used to enhance CNS drug delivery. Here, we show that low-dose METH induces significant BBB leakage in rodents ex vivo and in vivo. Notably, METH leaves tight junctions intact and induces transient leakage via caveolar transport, which is suppressed at 4°C and in caveolin-1 (CAV1) knockout mice. METH enhances brain penetration of both small therapeutic molecules, such as doxorubicin (DOX), and large proteins. Lastly, METH improves the therapeutic efficacy of DOX in a mouse model of glioblastoma, as measured by a 25% increase in median survival time and a significant reduction in satellite lesions. Collectively, our data indicate that caveolar transport at the adult BBB is agonist inducible and that METH can enhance drug delivery to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsien Chang
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Greene
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karen Frudd
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Clare Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patric Turowski
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Jameie SB, Kazemian A, Sanadgol Z, Asadzadeh Bayqara S, Jameie MS, Farhadi M. Coenzyme Q10 reduces expression of apoptotic markers in adult rat nucleus accumbens dopaminergic neurons treated with methamphetamine. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2273-2281. [PMID: 35034284 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abuse of addictive drugs such as methamphetamine (METH) has become a global problem, leading to many social, economic, and health disturbances, including neurological and cognitive disorders. Neuronal damage is reported in chronic METH abusers. The neuroprotective role of CoQ10 has been shown in many studies. In the present study, we aimed to assess the pre and post-efficacy of CoQ10 on the dopaminergic neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens (de Miranda et al. in Food Res Int 121:641-647, 2019) in the male adult rats treated with METH. METHODS 80 rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10), including: negative control (intact), positive control (received 5 mg/kg/day METH/IP), three post-treatment groups (METH + 5, 10, 20 mg/kg CoQ10) and three pre-treatment groups (received 5, 10, 20 mg/kg CoQ10 as pre-treatment for 14 days before METH injection). The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, P53, Caspase-3 and tyrosine hydroxylase in NAc studied using western blotting. Nissl staining was used to study the neuronal density of NAc. RESULTS Our results showed that the different doses of CoQ10 in METH-treated animals significantly changed pro-apoptotic proteins' expression in the benefit of neuronal survival of NAc (P < 0.05). Neuronal density in NAc were significantly lower in the METH group compared to the control and CoQ10 treated groups. Pre- and post-treatment with different doses of CoQ10 restored the neuronal damage in NAc. CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 could decrease the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and reduce the neurodegenerative effects induced by METH. From a clinical point of view, it seems that certain antioxidants such as CoQ10 should receive more attention in clinical trial research. We believe that antioxidants could be the promising for drug abuse treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Kazemian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Sanadgol
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Asadzadeh Bayqara
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Sadat Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
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14
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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15
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Shi S, Chen T, Zhao M. The Crosstalk Between Neurons and Glia in Methamphetamine-Induced Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:872-884. [PMID: 34982394 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an illicit psycho-stimulant, is widely known as an addictive drug that may cause neurotoxic effects. Previous researches on METH abuse have mainly focused on neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate. However, there is growing evidence that neuroinflammation also plays an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of brain dysfunction induced by METH abuse. This has cast a spotlight on the research of microglia and astrocyte, which are critical mediators of neuroimmune pathology in recent years. In the central nervous system (CNS) immunity, abnormalities of the microglia and astrocytes have been observed in METH abusers from both postmortem and preclinical studies. The bidirectional communication between neurons and glia is essential for the homeostasis and biological function of the CNS while activation of glia induces the release of cytokines and chemokines during pathological conditions, which will affect the neuron-glia interactions and lead to adverse behavioral consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms of interaction between neurons and glia in METH-induced neuroinflammation remain elusive. Notably, discovering and further understanding glial activity and functions, as well as the crosstalk between neurons and glia may help to explain the pathogenesis of METH abuse and behavioral changes in abusers. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the crosstalk between neurons and glia in METH-induced neuroinflammation. We also review the existing microglia-astrocyte interaction under METH exposure. We hope the present review will lead the way for more studies on the development of new therapeutic strategies for METH abuse in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Miller DR, Bu M, Gopinath A, Martinez LR, Khoshbouei H. Methamphetamine Dysregulation of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Immunity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:372-385. [PMID: 34535563 PMCID: PMC9351721 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular monoamines, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, and affects multiple tissue and cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune cells. The reinforcing properties of METH underlie its significant abuse potential and dysregulation of peripheral immunity and central nervous system functions. Together, the constellation of METH's effects on cellular targets and regulatory processes has led to immune suppression and neurodegeneration in METH addicts and animal models of METH exposure. Here we extensively review many of the cell types and mechanisms of METH-induced dysregulation of the central nervous and peripheral immune systems. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Emerging research has begun to show that methamphetamine regulates dopaminergic neuronal activity. In addition, METH affects non-neuronal brain cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, and immunological cells of the periphery. Concurrent disruption of bidirectional communication between dopaminergic neurons and glia in the CNS and peripheral immune cell dysregulation gives rise to a constellation of dysfunctional neuronal, cell, and tissue types. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of METH requires consideration of the multiple targets at the interface between basic and clinical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine (D.R.M., M.B., A.G., H.K.), and Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (L.R.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mengfei Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine (D.R.M., M.B., A.G., H.K.), and Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (L.R.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine (D.R.M., M.B., A.G., H.K.), and Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (L.R.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine (D.R.M., M.B., A.G., H.K.), and Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (L.R.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine (D.R.M., M.B., A.G., H.K.), and Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (L.R.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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17
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Gowen AM, Odegaard KE, Hernandez J, Chand S, Koul S, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. Role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of addiction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1637. [PMID: 33336550 PMCID: PMC8026578 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking despite adverse consequences. There are both heritable and epigenetic mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs regulate synaptic plasticity and related behaviors caused by substances of abuse. These ncRNAs modify gene expression and may contribute to the behavioral phenotypes of addiction. Among the ncRNAs, the most widely researched and impactful are miRNAs. The goal in this systematic review is to provide a detailed account of recent research involving the role of miRNAs in addiction. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katherine E Odegaard
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jordan Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Subhash Chand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sneh Koul
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sowmya V Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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18
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GKT136901 protects primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells against methamphetamine-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Life Sci 2020; 256:117917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Does Manganese Contribute to Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis? CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-020-00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Herland A, Maoz BM, FitzGerald EA, Grevesse T, Vidoudez C, Sheehy SP, Budnik N, Dauth S, Mannix R, Budnik B, Parker KK, Ingber DE. Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of Human Neurovascular Unit Cells in Response to Methamphetamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900230. [PMID: 32744807 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The functional state of the neurovascular unit (NVU), composed of the blood-brain barrier and the perivasculature that forms a dynamic interface between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), plays a central role in the control of brain homeostasis and is strongly affected by CNS drugs. Human primary brain microvascular endothelium, astrocyte, pericyte, and neural cell cultures are often used to study NVU barrier functions as well as drug transport and efficacy; however, the proteomic and metabolomic responses of these different cell types are not well characterized. Culturing each cell type separately, using deep coverage proteomic analysis and characterization of the secreted metabolome, as well as measurements of mitochondrial activity, the responses of these cells under baseline conditions and when exposed to the NVU-impairing stimulant methamphetamine (Meth) are analyzed. These studies define the previously unknown metabolic and proteomic profiles of human brain pericytes and lead to improved characterization of the phenotype of each of the NVU cell types as well as cell-specific metabolic and proteomic responses to Meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.,AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Engineering and Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Grevesse
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nikita Budnik
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie Dauth
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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21
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Wei Y, Shah R. Substance Use Disorder in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Complications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E155. [PMID: 32708495 PMCID: PMC7407364 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world endures the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the conditions of 35 million vulnerable individuals struggling with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide have not received sufficient attention for their special health and medical needs. Many of these individuals are complicated by underlying health conditions, such as cardiovascular and lung diseases and undermined immune systems. During the pandemic, access to the healthcare systems and support groups is greatly diminished. Current research on COVID-19 has not addressed the unique challenges facing individuals with SUDs, including the heightened vulnerability and susceptibility to the disease. In this systematic review, we will discuss the pathogenesis and pathology of COVID-19, and highlight potential risk factors and complications to these individuals. We will also provide insights and considerations for COVID-19 treatment and prevention in patients with SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA;
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22
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Chen Z, Zhijie C, Yuting Z, Shilin X, Qichun Z, Jinying O, Chaohua L, Jing L, Zhixian M. Antibiotic-Driven Gut Microbiome Disorder Alters the Effects of Sinomenine on Morphine-Dependent Zebrafish. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:946. [PMID: 32670209 PMCID: PMC7326116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is one of the most severely abused drugs in the world. Previous research on morphine addiction has focused on the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have shown that a two-way regulation of the brain and gut microbiota (GM), suggesting a link between GM and CNS disease. However, the functional mechanism underlying the relationship between intestinal flora and morphine dependence is unclear. In this study, the effect of sinomenine on morphine addiction was evaluated based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The results show that the GM plays an important role in morphine dependence. Morphine treatment induced zebrafish conditional position preference (CPP), and significantly changed zebrafish GM characteristics and the expression of MGBA-related genes in the zebrafish brain and intestine. Importantly, sinomenine, an alkaloid with a similar structure to morphine, can reverse these morphine-induced changes. Subsequently, morphine-dependent CPP training was performed after antibiotic administration. After antibiotic treatment, zebrafish CPP behavior, the composition and proportions of the zebrafish GM, and the expression of MGBA-related genes in zebrafish were changed. More interestingly, sinomenine was no longer effective in treating morphine dependence, indicating that antibiotic-driven intestinal flora imbalance alters the efficacy of sinomenine on morphine-dependent zebrafish. This study confirms that the MGBA is bidirectionally regulated, highlighting the key role of the GM in the formation and treatment of morphine dependence, and may provide new treatment strategies for using traditional Chinese medicine to treat drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhijie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yuting
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Shilin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Qichun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Jinying
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luo Chaohua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Jing
- Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Zhixian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Saha S, Yakati V, Shankar G, Jaggarapu MMCS, Moku G, Madhusudana K, Banerjee R, Ramkrishna S, Srinivas R, Chaudhuri A. Amphetamine decorated cationic lipid nanoparticles cross the blood-brain barrier: therapeutic promise for combating glioblastoma. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4318-4330. [PMID: 32330214 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Combating brain tumors (glioblastoma multiforme or GBM) is a formidable challenge because of the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tight cellular junction that separates the central nervous system (CNS) and systemic circulation. Such a selectively permeable barrier prevents the entry of therapeutic molecules from blood circulation to brain parenchyma. Towards enhancing the efficacy of brain tumor-selective drug delivery without perturbing the BBB integrity, nanometric drug carriers are increasingly becoming an efficient therapeutic modality in preclinical studies. Psychostimulant drugs such as amphetamine and methylated amphetamine (METH) are known to penetrate the BBB. Still, little effort has been made to exploit them in nano-drug delivery, largely due to their toxicities. Herein, for the first time, we design, synthesize, and formulate three different β-amphetaminylated cationic lipid nanoparticles. We show that the β-amphetaminylated cationic lipid nanoparticles are nontoxic and can cross the BBB presumably through active transcytosis. The BBB penetrating ability also depends on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the lipids, with hexadecyl lipid (16-BACL) nanoparticle showing maximum accumulation in the brain. The lipid nanoparticle of 16-BACL can simultaneously encapsulate paclitaxel and PDL1-siRNA. The dual drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles showed apoptosis driven cellular cytotoxicity against GL261 cells and improved the overall survivability of orthotopic glioblastoma bearing mice compared to their non-targeting counterpart. The present work describes a new class of BBB-crossing lipid nanoparticles and delineates their therapeutic promise against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Saha
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India.
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24
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Zwartsen A, Hondebrink L, de Lange DW, Westerink RHS. Hyperthermia exacerbates the acute effects of psychoactive substances on neuronal activity measured using microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in rat primary cortical cultures in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115015. [PMID: 32320794 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a well-known, potentially life-threatening, side effect of stimulant psychoactive substances that worsens the neurological outcome of hospitalized patients. However, current in vitro methods to assess the hazard of psychoactive substances do not account for hyperthermia. Therefore, this study determined the potency of five psychoactive substances (cocaine, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), methamphetamine, 3-MMC (3-methylmethcathinone) and TFMPP (3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine)) to affect neuronal activity at physiological and hyperthermic conditions. Neuronal activity of rat cortical cultures grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) was recorded at 37 °C before exposure. Following 30 min and 4.5 h drug exposure (1-1000 μM) at 37 °C or 41 °C, neuronal activity was measured at either 37 °C or 41 °C. Without drug exposure, hyperthermia induced a modest decrease in neuronal activity. Following acute (30 min) exposure at 37 °C, all drugs concentration-dependently inhibited neuronal activity. Increasing the temperature to 41 °C significantly exacerbated the reduction of neuronal activity ~ 2-fold for all drugs compared to 37 °C. Prolonged (4.5 h) exposure at 41 °C decreased neuronal activity comparable to 37 °C. Neuronal activity (partly) recovered following drug exposure at both temperatures, although recovery from exposure at 41 °C was less pronounced for most drugs. None of the exposure conditions affected viability. Since acute exposure at hyperthermic conditions exacerbates the decrease in neuronal activity induced by psychoactive substances, effects of hyperthermia should be included in future hazard assessment of illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zwartsen
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Hondebrink
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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25
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Lawson KS, Prasad A, Groopman JE. Methamphetamine Enhances HIV-1 Replication in CD4 + T-Cells via a Novel IL-1β Auto-Regulatory Loop. Front Immunol 2020; 11:136. [PMID: 32117283 PMCID: PMC7025468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse is a worldwide public health problem and contributes to HIV-1 pathobiology and poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapies. Specifically, Meth is posited to alter molecular mechanisms to provide a more conducive environment for HIV-1 replication and spread. Enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), has been shown to be important for HIV-1 pathobiology. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) play integral roles in fine-tuning the innate immune response. Notably, the effects of Meth abuse on miRNA expression are largely unknown. We studied the effects of Meth on IL-1β and miR-146a, a well-characterized member of the innate immune signaling network. We found that Meth induces miR-146a and triggers an IL-1β auto-regulatory loop to modulate innate immune signaling in CD4+ T-cells. We also found that Meth enhances HIV-1 replication via IL-1 signaling. Our results indicate that Meth activates an IL-1β feedback loop to alter innate immune pathways and favor HIV-1 replication. These observations offer a framework for designing targeted therapies in HIV-infected, Meth using hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaycie S Lawson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jerome E Groopman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Conditional Effects of Lifetime Alcohol Consumption on Methamphetamine-Associated Neurocognitive Performance. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:787-799. [PMID: 31179969 PMCID: PMC6733657 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (MA) dependence contributes to neurotoxicity and neurocognitive deficits. Although combined alcohol and MA misuse is common, how alcohol consumption relates to neurocognitive performance among MA users remains unclear. We hypothesized that alcohol and MA use would synergistically diminish neurocognitive functioning, such that greater reported alcohol consumption would exert larger negative effects on neurocognition among MA-dependent individuals compared to MA-nonusing persons. METHODS Eighty-seven MA-dependent (MA+) and 114 MA-nonusing (MA-) adults underwent neuropsychological and substance use assessments. Linear and logistic regressions examined the interaction between MA status and lifetime average drinks per drinking day on demographically corrected global neurocognitive T scores and impairment rates, controlling for recent alcohol use, lifetime cannabis use, WRAT reading performance, and lifetime depression. RESULTS MA+ displayed moderately higher rates of impairment and lower T scores compared to MA-. Lifetime alcohol use significantly interacted with MA status to predict global impairment (ORR = 0.70, p = .003) such that greater lifetime alcohol use increased likelihood of impairment in MA-, but decreased likelihood of impairment in MA+. Greater lifetime alcohol use predicted poorer global T scores among MA- (b = -0.44, p = .030) but not MA+ (b = 0.08, p = .586). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectations, greater lifetime alcohol use related to reduced risk of neurocognitive impairment among MA users. Findings are supported by prior research identifying neurobiological mechanisms by which alcohol may attenuate stimulant-driven vasoconstriction and brain thermotoxicity. Replication and examination of neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying alcohol use in the context of MA dependence are warranted to elucidate whether alcohol confers a degree of neuroprotection.
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27
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Foroughi K, Khaksari M, Rahmati M, Bitaraf FS, Shayannia A. Apelin-13 Protects PC12 Cells Against Methamphetamine-Induced Oxidative Stress, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2103-2112. [PMID: 31385138 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychomotor stimulant that has a high potential for abuse in humans. In addition, it is neurotoxic, especially in dopaminergic neurons. Long-lasting exposure to METH causes psychosis and increases the risk of Parkinson's disease. Apelin-13 is a novel endogenous ligand which studies have shown that may have a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that Apelin-13 might adequately prevent METH-induced neurotoxicity via the inhibition of apoptotic, autophagy, and ROS responses. In this study, PC12 cells were exposed to both METH (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 mmol/L) and Apelin-13 (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 μmol/L) in vitro for 24 h to measure determined dose, and then downstream pathways were measured to investigate apoptosis, autophagy, and ROS responses. The results have indicated that Apelin-13 decreased the apoptotic response post-METH exposure in PC12 cells by increasing cell viability, reducing apoptotic rates. In addition, the study has revealed Apelin-13 decreased gene expression of Beclin-1 by Real-Time PCR and LC3-II by western blotting in METH-induced PC12 cells, which demonstrated autophagy is reduced. In addition, this study has shown that Apelin-13 reduces intracellular ROS of METH-induced PC12 cells. These results support Apelin-13 to be investigated as a potential drug for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It is suggested that Apelin-13 is beneficial in reducing oxidative stress, which may also play an important role in the regulation of METH-triggered apoptotic response. Hence, these data indicate that Apelin-13 could potentially alleviate METH-induced neurotoxicity via the reduction of oxidative damages, apoptotic, and autophagy cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Foroughi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Asghar Shayannia
- Bahar Center for Education, Research and Treatment, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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28
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Central Noradrenergic Agonists in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke-an Overview. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:165-184. [PMID: 31327133 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with a significant health burden worldwide and few treatment options. Among the short- and long-term effects of ischemic stroke is the cardiovascular sympathetic autonomic dysfunction, presented in part as the by-product of the ischemic damage to the noradrenergic centers of the brain. Unlike high levels in the plasma, the brain may face suboptimal levels of norepinephrine (NE), with adverse effects on the clinical and functional outcomes of ischemic stroke. The intravenous administration of NE and other sympathomimetic agents, in an attempt to increase cerebral perfusion pressure, often aggravates the ischemia-induced rise in blood pressure (BP) with life-threatening consequences for stroke patients, the majority of whom present with hypertension at the time of admission. Unlike the systemic administration, the central administration of NE reduces BP while exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. These characteristics of centrally administered NE, combined with the short latency of response, make it an ideal candidate for use in the acute phase of stroke, followed by the use of centrally acting noradrenergic agonists, such as NE reuptake inhibitors and B2-adrenergic receptor agonists for stroke rehabilitation. In addition, a number of nonpharmacological strategies, such as transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), have the potential to enhance the central noradrenergic functional activities and improve stroke clinical outcomes. Many factors could influence the efficacy of the noradrenergic treatment in stroke patients. These factors include the type of the noradrenergic agent; the dose, frequency, and duration of administration; the timing of administration in relation to the acute event; and the site and characteristics of the ischemic lesions. Having this knowledge, combined with the better understanding of the regulation of noradrenergic receptors in different parts of the brain, would pave the path for the successful use of the centrally acting noradrenergic agents in the management of ischemic stroke.
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29
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Garton DR, Ross SG, Maldonado-Hernández R, Quick M, Lasalde-Dominicci JA, Lizardi-Ortiz JE. Amphetamine enantiomers inhibit homomeric α7 nicotinic receptor through a competitive mechanism and within the intoxication levels in humans. Neuropharmacology 2018; 144:172-183. [PMID: 30359640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most consumed illicit drug worldwide and lack good treatments for associated substance use disorders, lagging behind other addictive drugs. For this reason, a deeper understanding of the pharmacodynamics of ATS is required. The present study seeks to determine amphetamine (AMPH) enantiomers' effects on the homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Here we have shown that AMPH enantiomers bind to the α7 nAChR and competitively inhibit acetylcholine responses. Our in silico docking analysis suggests that AMPH binds close to the β7 strand of the B-loop of a chimera comprising of the human α7 nAChR and the acetylcholine binding protein from Lymnaea stagnalis. This may inhibit the required movement of the C-loop for channel opening, due to steric hindrance, providing a structural mechanism for its antagonist effect. Finally, we have shown that, in α7 nAChR full knockout mice, the behavioral response to D-AMPH is attenuated, providing direct evidence for the role of α7 nAChRs on the physiological response to D-AMPH. Importantly, D-AMPH exerts these effects at concentrations predicted to be pharmacologically relevant for chronic methamphetamine users and during binges. In conclusion, our data present new findings that implicate the α7 nAChR on the pharmacodynamics of ATS, which may be important for behavioral responses to these drugs, indicating a potential role for α7 nAChRs in ATS substance-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Garton
- Columbia College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sharmaine G Ross
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Therapeutics Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00927, USA
| | - José E Lizardi-Ortiz
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00927, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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30
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Maoz BM, Herland A, FitzGerald EA, Grevesse T, Vidoudez C, Pacheco AR, Sheehy SP, Park TE, Dauth S, Mannix R, Budnik N, Shores K, Cho A, Nawroth JC, Segrè D, Budnik B, Ingber DE, Parker KK. A linked organ-on-chip model of the human neurovascular unit reveals the metabolic coupling of endothelial and neuronal cells. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:865-874. [PMID: 30125269 PMCID: PMC9254231 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) regulates metabolic homeostasis as well as drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the central nervous system. Metabolic fluxes and conversions over the NVU rely on interactions between brain microvascular endothelium, perivascular pericytes, astrocytes and neurons, making it difficult to identify the contributions of each cell type. Here we model the human NVU using microfluidic organ chips, allowing analysis of the roles of individual cell types in NVU functions. Three coupled chips model influx across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the brain parenchymal compartment and efflux across the BBB. We used this linked system to mimic the effect of intravascular administration of the psychoactive drug methamphetamine and to identify previously unknown metabolic coupling between the BBB and neurons. Thus, the NVU system offers an in vitro approach for probing transport, efficacy, mechanism of action and toxicity of neuroactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Maoz
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Grevesse
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan R Pacheco
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Dauth
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikita Budnik
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Shores
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Cho
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janna C Nawroth
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Segrè
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Epigenetic Effects Induced by Methamphetamine and Methamphetamine-Dependent Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4982453. [PMID: 30140365 PMCID: PMC6081569 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4982453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a widely abused drug, which possesses neurotoxic activity and powerful addictive effects. Understanding methamphetamine toxicity is key beyond the field of drug abuse since it allows getting an insight into the molecular mechanisms which operate in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In fact, key alterations produced by methamphetamine involve dopamine neurotransmission in a way, which is reminiscent of spontaneous neurodegeneration and psychiatric schizophrenia. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms operated by methamphetamine represents a wide window to understand both the addicted brain and a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. This overlapping, which is already present when looking at the molecular and cellular events promoted immediately after methamphetamine intake, becomes impressive when plastic changes induced in the brain of methamphetamine-addicted patients are considered. Thus, the present manuscript is an attempt to encompass all the molecular events starting at the presynaptic dopamine terminals to reach the nucleus of postsynaptic neurons to explain how specific neurotransmitters and signaling cascades produce persistent genetic modifications, which shift neuronal phenotype and induce behavioral alterations. A special emphasis is posed on disclosing those early and delayed molecular events, which translate an altered neurotransmitter function into epigenetic events, which are derived from the translation of postsynaptic noncanonical signaling into altered gene regulation. All epigenetic effects are considered in light of their persistent changes induced in the postsynaptic neurons including sensitization and desensitization, priming, and shift of neuronal phenotype.
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32
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Fleischer LM, Somaiya RD, Miller GM. Review and Meta-Analyses of TAAR1 Expression in the Immune System and Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29997511 PMCID: PMC6029583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2001, the major focus of TAAR1 research has been on its role in monoaminergic regulation, drug-induced reward and psychiatric conditions. More recently, TAAR1 expression and functionality in immune system regulation and immune cell activation has become a topic of emerging interest. Here, we review the immunologically-relevant TAAR1 literature and incorporate open-source expression and cancer survival data meta-analyses. We provide strong evidence for TAAR1 expression in the immune system and cancers revealed through NCBI GEO datamining and discuss its regulation in a spectrum of immune cell types as well as in numerous cancers. We discuss connections and logical directions for further study of TAAR1 in immunological function, and its potential role as a mediator or modulator of immune dysregulation, immunological effects of psychostimulant drugs of abuse, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Fleischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachana D Somaiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory M Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Persons AL, Bradaric BD, Dodiya HB, Ohene-Nyako M, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Shaikh M, Napier TC. Colon dysregulation in methamphetamine self-administering HIV-1 transgenic rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190078. [PMID: 29293553 PMCID: PMC5749763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity and function of the gut is impaired in HIV-infected individuals, and gut pathogenesis may play a role in several HIV-associated disorders. Methamphetamine is a popular illicit drug abused by HIV-infected individuals. However, the effect of methamphetamine on the gut and its potential to exacerbate HIV-associated gut pathology is not known. To shed light on this scenario, we evaluated colon barrier pathology in a rat model of the human comorbid condition. Intestinal barrier integrity and permeability were assessed in drug-naïve Fischer 344 HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) and non-Tg rats, and in Tg and non-Tg rats instrumented with jugular cannulae trained to self-administer methamphetamine or serving as saline-yoked controls. Intestinal permeability was determined by measuring the urine content of orally gavaged sugars. Intestinal barrier integrity was evaluated by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence of colon claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), two major tight junction proteins that regulate gut epithelial paracellular permeability. Both non-Tg and Tg rats self-administered moderate amounts of methamphetamine. These amounts were sufficient to increase colon permeability, reduce protein level of claudin-1, and reduce claudin-1 and ZO-1 immunofluorescence in Tg rats relative to non-Tg rats. Methamphetamine decreased tight junction immunofluorescence in non-Tg rats, with a similar, but non-significant trend observed in Tg rats. However, the effect of methamphetamine on tight junction proteins was subthreshold to gut leakiness. These findings reveal that both HIV-1 proteins and methamphetamine alter colon barrier integrity, and indicate that the gut may be a pathogenic site for these insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Persons
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brinda D. Bradaric
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Health Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Hemraj B. Dodiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - T. Celeste Napier
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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The effect of methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on hippocampal doublecortin expression, learning and memory of rat offspring. Anat Sci Int 2017; 93:351-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-017-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Effects of HIV-1 Tat and Methamphetamine on Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Function In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01307-17. [PMID: 28893794 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01307-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection results in neurocognitive deficits in about one half of infected individuals. Despite systemic effectiveness, restricted antiretroviral penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major limitation in fighting central nervous system (CNS)-localized infection. Drug abuse exacerbates HIV-induced cognitive and pathological CNS changes. This study's purpose was to investigate the effects of the HIV-1 protein Tat and methamphetamine on factors affecting drug penetration across an in vitro BBB model. Factors affecting paracellular and transcellular flux in the presence of Tat and methamphetamine were examined. Transendothelial electrical resistance, ZO-1 expression, and lucifer yellow (a paracellular tracer) flux were aspects of paracellular processes that were examined. Additionally, effects on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP-1) mRNA (via quantitative PCR [qPCR]) and protein (via immunoblotting) expression were measured; Pgp and MRP-1 are drug efflux proteins. Transporter function was examined after exposure of Tat with or without methamphetamine using the P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 and also using the dual P-gp/MRP-1 substrate and protease inhibitor atazanavir. Tat and methamphetamine elicit complex changes affecting transcellular and paracellular transport processes. Neither Tat nor methamphetamine significantly altered P-gp expression. However, Tat plus methamphetamine exposure significantly increased rhodamine 123 accumulation within brain endothelial cells, suggesting that treatment inhibited or impaired P-gp function. Intracellular accumulation of atazanavir was not significantly altered after Tat or methamphetamine exposure. Atazanavir accumulation was, however, significantly increased by simultaneous inhibition of P-gp and MRP. Collectively, our investigations indicate that Tat and methamphetamine alter aspects of BBB integrity without affecting net flux of paracellular compounds. Tat and methamphetamine may also affect several aspects of transcellular transport.
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Xu E, Liu J, Liu H, Wang X, Xiong H. Role of microglia in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 9:84-100. [PMID: 28694920 PMCID: PMC5498881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is an addictive psychostimulant widely abused around the world. The chronic use of Meth produces neurotoxicity featured by dopaminergic terminal damage and microgliosis, resulting in serious neurological and behavioral consequences. Ample evidence indicate that Meth causes microglial activation and resultant secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules leading to neural injury. However, the mechanisms underlying Meth-induced microglial activation remain to be determined. In this review, we attempt to address the effects of Meth on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated microglia activation both in vitro and in-vivo. Meth abuse not only increases HIV transmission but also exacerbates progression of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through activation of microglia. In addition, the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory drugs on ameliorating Meth-induced microglia activation and resultant neuronal injury is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Xu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha 68198-5880, NE, USA
| | - Jianuo Liu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha 68198-5880, NE, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha 68198-5880, NE, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha 68198-6125, NE, USA
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha 68198-5880, NE, USA
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Sajja RK, Rahman S, Cucullo L. Drugs of abuse and blood-brain barrier endothelial dysfunction: A focus on the role of oxidative stress. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:539-54. [PMID: 26661236 PMCID: PMC4794105 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15616978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulants and nicotine are the most widely abused drugs with a detrimental impact on public health globally. While the long-term neurobehavioral deficits and synaptic perturbations are well documented with chronic use of methamphetamine, cocaine, and nicotine, emerging human and experimental studies also suggest an increasing incidence of neurovascular complications associated with drug abuse. Short- or long-term administration of psychostimulants or nicotine is known to disrupt blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity/function, thus leading to an increased risk of brain edema and neuroinflammation. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to underlie drug abuse-induced BBB dysfunction suggesting a central and unifying role for oxidative stress in BBB endothelium and perivascular cells. This review discusses drug-specific effects of methamphetamine, cocaine, and tobacco smoking on brain microvascular crisis and provides critical assessment of oxidative stress-dependent molecular pathways focal to the global compromise of BBB. Additionally, given the increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalitis in drug abusers, we have summarized the synergistic pathological impact of psychostimulants and HIV infection on BBB integrity with an emphasis on unifying role of endothelial oxidative stress. This mechanistic framework would guide further investigations on specific molecular pathways to accelerate therapeutic approaches for the prevention of neurovascular deficits by drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Sajja
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Mediouni S, Marcondes MCG, Miller C, McLaughlin JP, Valente ST. The cross-talk of HIV-1 Tat and methamphetamine in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1164. [PMID: 26557111 PMCID: PMC4615951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the lives of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals. Nonetheless, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which range from undetectable neurocognitive impairments to severe dementia, still affect approximately 50% of the infected population, hampering their quality of life. The persistence of HAND is promoted by several factors, including longer life expectancies, the residual levels of virus in the central nervous system (CNS) and the continued presence of HIV-1 regulatory proteins such as the transactivator of transcription (Tat) in the brain. Tat is a secreted viral protein that crosses the blood–brain barrier into the CNS, where it has the ability to directly act on neurons and non-neuronal cells alike. These actions result in the release of soluble factors involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, ultimately resulting in neuronal damage. The percentage of methamphetamine (MA) abusers is high among the HIV-1-positive population compared to the general population. On the other hand, MA abuse is correlated with increased viral replication, enhanced Tat-mediated neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairments. Although several strategies have been investigated to reduce HAND and MA use, no clinically approved treatment is currently available. Here, we review the latest findings of the effects of Tat and MA in HAND and discuss a few promising potential therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mediouni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Courtney Miller
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susana T Valente
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA
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