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El Hajjar L, Page A, Bridot C, Cantrelle FX, Landrieu I, Smet-Nocca C. Regulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β by Phosphorylation and O-β-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminylation: Implications on Tau Protein Phosphorylation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1513-1533. [PMID: 38788673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) plays a pivotal role in signaling pathways involved in insulin metabolism and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the GSK3β isoform is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as one of the key kinases involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, one of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. As a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase, GSK3 is inactivated by Akt/PKB-mediated phosphorylation of Ser9 in the N-terminal disordered domain, and for most of its substrates, requires priming (prephosphorylation) by another kinase that targets the substrate to a phosphate-specific pocket near the active site. GSK3 has also been shown to be post-translationally modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), with still unknown functions. Here, we have found that binding of Akt inhibits GSK3β kinase activity on both primed and unprimed tau substrates. Akt-mediated Ser9 phosphorylation restores the GSK3β kinase activity only on primed tau, thereby selectively inactivating GSK3β toward unprimed tau protein. Additionally, we have shown that GSK3β is highly O-GlcNAcylated at multiple sites within the kinase domain and the disordered N- and C-terminal domains, including Ser9. In contrast to Akt-mediated regulation, neither the O-GlcNAc transferase nor O-GlcNAcylation significantly alters GSK3β kinase activity, but high O-GlcNAc levels reduce Ser9 phosphorylation by Akt. Reciprocally, Akt phosphorylation downregulates the overall O-GlcNAcylation of GSK3β, indicating a crosstalk between both post-translational modifications. Our results indicate that specific O-GlcNAc profiles may be involved in the phosphorylation-dependent Akt-mediated regulation of GSK3β kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa El Hajjar
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Adeline Page
- Protein Science Facility, SFR Biosciences Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UAR3444, Inserm US8, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Clarisse Bridot
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Caroline Smet-Nocca
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
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2
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Ziak J, Dorskind JM, Trigg B, Sudarsanam S, Jin XO, Hand RA, Kolodkin AL. Microtubule-binding protein MAP1B regulates interstitial axon branching of cortical neurons via the tubulin tyrosination cycle. EMBO J 2024; 43:1214-1243. [PMID: 38388748 PMCID: PMC10987652 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of directed axon guidance and branching during development is essential for the generation of neuronal networks. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie interstitial (or collateral) axon branching in the mammalian brain remain unresolved. Here, we investigate interstitial axon branching in vivo using an approach for precise labeling of layer 2/3 callosal projection neurons (CPNs). This method allows for quantitative analysis of axonal morphology at high acuity and also manipulation of gene expression in well-defined temporal windows. We find that the GSK3β serine/threonine kinase promotes interstitial axon branching in layer 2/3 CPNs by releasing MAP1B-mediated inhibition of axon branching. Further, we find that the tubulin tyrosination cycle is a key downstream component of GSK3β/MAP1B signaling. These data suggest a cell-autonomous molecular regulation of cortical neuron axon morphology, in which GSK3β can release a MAP1B-mediated brake on interstitial axon branching upstream of the posttranslational tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ziak
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joelle M Dorskind
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Trigg
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sriram Sudarsanam
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xinyu O Jin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Randal A Hand
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Prilenia Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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3
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Benedetti MC, D'andrea T, Colantoni A, Silachev D, de Turris V, Boussadia Z, Babenko VA, Volovikov EA, Belikova L, Bogomazova AN, Pepponi R, Whye D, Buttermore ED, Tartaglia GG, Lagarkova MA, Katanaev VL, Musayev I, Martinelli S, Fucile S, Rosa A. Cortical neurons obtained from patient-derived iPSCs with GNAO1 p.G203R variant show altered differentiation and functional properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26656. [PMID: 38434323 PMCID: PMC10907651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the GNAO1 gene, encoding the alpha subunit of an inhibitory heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Go) highly expressed in the mammalian brain, have been linked to encephalopathy characterized by different combinations of neurological symptoms, including developmental delay, hypotonia, epilepsy and hyperkinetic movement disorder with life-threatening paroxysmal exacerbations. Currently, there are only symptomatic treatments, and little is known about the pathophysiology of GNAO1-related disorders. Here, we report the characterization of a new in vitro model system based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying the recurrent p.G203R amino acid substitution in Gαo, and a CRISPR-Cas9-genetically corrected isogenic control line. RNA-Seq analysis highlighted aberrant cell fate commitment in neuronal progenitor cells carrying the p.G203R pathogenic variant. Upon differentiation into cortical neurons, patients' cells showed reduced expression of early neural genes and increased expression of astrocyte markers, as well as premature and defective differentiation processes leading to aberrant formation of neuronal rosettes. Of note, comparable defects in gene expression and in the morphology of neural rosettes were observed in hiPSCs from an unrelated individual harboring the same GNAO1 variant. Functional characterization showed lower basal intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), reduced frequency of spontaneous activity, and a smaller response to several neurotransmitters in 40- and 50-days differentiated p.G203R neurons compared to control cells. These findings suggest that the GNAO1 pathogenic variant causes a neurodevelopmental phenotype characterized by aberrant differentiation of both neuronal and glial populations leading to a significant alteration of neuronal communication and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Benedetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziano D'andrea
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Colantoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Denis Silachev
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Egor A. Volovikov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Belikova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Bogomazova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Dosh Whye
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Buttermore
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Maria A. Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
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Wisessaowapak C, Niyomchan A, Visitnonthachai D, Leelaprachakul N, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Arsenic-induced IGF-1 signaling impairment and neurite shortening: The protective roles of IGF-1 through the PI3K/Akt axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1119-1128. [PMID: 37853848 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that arsenic caused insulin resistance in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Herein, we further investigated the effects of sodium arsenite on IGF-1 signaling, which shares downstream signaling with insulin. A time-course experiment revealed that sodium arsenite began to decrease IGF-1-stimulated Akt phosphorylation on Day 3 after treatment, indicating that prolonged sodium arsenite treatment disrupted the neuronal IGF-1 response. Additionally, sodium arsenite decreased IGF-1-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor β (IGF-1Rβ) and its downstream target, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). These results suggested that sodium arsenite impaired the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of IGF-1Rβ, ultimately resulting in a reduction in tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS1. Sodium arsenite also reduced IGF-1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (IRβ), indicating the potential inhibition of IGF-1R/IR crosstalk by sodium arsenite. Interestingly, sodium arsenite also induced neurite shortening at the same concentrations that caused IGF-1 signaling impairment. A 24-h IGF-1 treatment partially rescued neurite shortening caused by sodium arsenite. Moreover, the reduction in Akt phosphorylation by sodium arsenite was attenuated by IGF-1. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt by LY294002 diminished the protective effects of IGF-1 against sodium arsenite-induced neurite retraction. Together, our findings suggested that sodium arsenite-impaired IGF-1 signaling, leading to neurite shortening through IGF-1/PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churaibhon Wisessaowapak
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Niyomchan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Naphada Leelaprachakul
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhan Y, Wen Y, Zheng F, Du LJ, Chen TY, Shen XL, Wu R, Tang XG. MiR-26b-3p Promotes Intestinal Motility Disorder by Targeting FZD10 to Inhibit GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling and Induce Enteric Glial Cell Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1543-1561. [PMID: 37728849 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are the major component of the enteric nervous system and affect the pathophysiological process of intestinal motility dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal homeostasis. However, the mechanism of miRNA-mediated regulation of EGCs in intestinal dysmotility remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGC apoptosis on intestinal dysmotility, and the effect of miR-26b-3p on EGC proliferation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. A loperamide hydrochloride (Lop)-induced constipated mouse model and an in vitro culture system of rat EGCs were established. The transcriptome was used to predict the differentially expressed gene miR-26b-3p and the target gene Frizzled 10 (FZD10), and their targeting binding relationship was verified by luciferase. EGCs were transfected with miR-26b-3p mimic or antagomir, and the FZD10 expression was down-regulated by siRNA. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect EGC apoptosis. MiR-26b-3p and FZD10 expressions were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The CCK-8 assay was used to detect EGC proliferation. The protein levels were detected by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that miR-26b-3p was up-regulated in the Lop group, whereas FZD10 was down-regulated, and EGC apoptosis was increased in the colon of intestinal dysmotility mice. FZD10 down-regulation and miR-26b-3p mimic significantly increased glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation (p-GSK3β) levels, decreased β-catenin expression, and promoted EGC apoptosis. MiR-26b-3p antagomir alleviated intestinal dysmotility, promoted EGC increased activity of EGCs, and reduced EGC apoptosis in vivo. In conclusion, this study indicated that miR-26b-3p promotes intestinal motility disorders by targeting FZD10 to block GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and induces apoptosis in EGCs. Our results provide a new research target for the treatment and intervention of intestinal dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Anorectal Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Anorectal Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Li-Juan Du
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tai-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xu-Long Shen
- Anorectal Department, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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Yang A, Chidiac R, Russo E, Steenland H, Pauli Q, Bonin R, Blazer LL, Adams JJ, Sidhu SS, Goeva A, Salahpour A, Angers S. Exploiting spatiotemporal regulation of FZD5 during neural patterning for efficient ventral midbrain specification. Development 2024; 151:dev202545. [PMID: 38358799 PMCID: PMC10946437 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs anterior-posterior neural patterning during development. Current human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation protocols use a GSK3 inhibitor to activate Wnt signaling to promote posterior neural fate specification. However, GSK3 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in multiple signaling pathways and, as GSK3 inhibition occurs downstream in the signaling cascade, it bypasses potential opportunities for achieving specificity or regulation at the receptor level. Additionally, the specific roles of individual FZD receptors in anterior-posterior patterning are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized the cell surface expression of FZD receptors in neural progenitor cells with different regional identity. Our data reveal unique upregulation of FZD5 expression in anterior neural progenitors, and this expression is downregulated as cells adopt a posterior fate. This spatial regulation of FZD expression constitutes a previously unreported regulatory mechanism that adjusts the levels of β-catenin signaling along the anterior-posterior axis and possibly contributes to midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hPSCs, using a tetravalent antibody that selectively triggers FZD5 and LRP6 clustering, leads to midbrain progenitor differentiation and gives rise to functional dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Yang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Rony Chidiac
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Emma Russo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hendrik Steenland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- NeuroTek Innovative Technology, Toronto, ON M6C 3A2, Canada
| | - Quinn Pauli
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Robert Bonin
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Levi L. Blazer
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jarrett J. Adams
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aleksandrina Goeva
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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7
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Niemsiri V, Rosenthal SB, Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Marchetto MC, Santos R, Shekhtman T, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anand A, Balaraman Y, Berrettini WH, Bertram H, Burdick KE, Calabrese JR, Calkin CV, Conroy C, Coryell WH, DeModena A, Eyler LT, Feeder S, Fisher C, Frazier N, Frye MA, Gao K, Garnham J, Gershon ES, Goes FS, Goto T, Harrington GJ, Jakobsen P, Kamali M, Kelly M, Leckband SG, Lohoff FW, McCarthy MJ, McInnis MG, Craig D, Millett CE, Mondimore F, Morken G, Nurnberger JI, Donovan CO, Øedegaard KJ, Ryan K, Schinagle M, Shilling PD, Slaney C, Stapp EK, Stautland A, Tarwater B, Zandi PP, Alda M, Fisch KM, Gage FH, Kelsoe JR. Focal adhesion is associated with lithium response in bipolar disorder: evidence from a network-based multi-omics analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:6-19. [PMID: 36991131 PMCID: PMC11078741 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is one of the most effective drugs for treating bipolar disorder (BD), however, there is presently no way to predict response to guide treatment. The aim of this study is to identify functional genes and pathways that distinguish BD Li responders (LR) from BD Li non-responders (NR). An initial Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder study (PGBD) GWAS of lithium response did not provide any significant results. As a result, we then employed network-based integrative analysis of transcriptomic and genomic data. In transcriptomic study of iPSC-derived neurons, 41 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in LR vs NR regardless of lithium exposure. In the PGBD, post-GWAS gene prioritization using the GWA-boosting (GWAB) approach identified 1119 candidate genes. Following DE-derived network propagation, there was a highly significant overlap of genes between the top 500- and top 2000-proximal gene networks and the GWAB gene list (Phypergeometric = 1.28E-09 and 4.10E-18, respectively). Functional enrichment analyses of the top 500 proximal network genes identified focal adhesion and the extracellular matrix (ECM) as the most significant functions. Our findings suggest that the difference between LR and NR was a much greater effect than that of lithium. The direct impact of dysregulation of focal adhesion on axon guidance and neuronal circuits could underpin mechanisms of response to lithium, as well as underlying BD. It also highlights the power of integrative multi-omics analysis of transcriptomic and genomic profiling to gain molecular insights into lithium response in BD.
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Grants
- R01 MH095741 NIMH NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001442 NCATS NIH HHS
- U19 MH106434 NIMH NIH HHS
- U01 MH092758 NIMH NIH HHS
- T32 MH018399 NIMH NIH HHS
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Department of Veterans Affairs | Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System (VA San Diego Healthcare System)
- The Halifax group (MA, CVC, JG, CO, and CS) is supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#166098), ERA PerMed project PLOT-BD, Research Nova Scotia, Genome Atlantic, Nova Scotia Health Authority and Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation (Lindsay Family Fund).
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
- U19MH106434, part of the National Cooperative Reprogrammed Cell Research Groups (NCRCRG) to Study Mental Illness. AHA-Allen Initiative in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment Award (19PABH134610000). The JPB Foundation, Bob and Mary Jane Engman, Annette C Merle-Smith, R01 MH095741, and Lynn and Edward Streim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Renata Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1261266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Paris, France
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yokesh Balaraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holli Bertram
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Calabrese
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia V Calkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Carla Conroy
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Anna DeModena
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Feeder
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carrie Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicole Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keming Gao
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julie Garnham
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toyomi Goto
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Petter Jakobsen
- Norment, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Masoud Kamali
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marisa Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan G Leckband
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin E Millett
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis Mondimore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Division of Mental Health Care, St Olavs University Hospital, and Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Ketil J Øedegaard
- Norment, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kelly Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Schinagle
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul D Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claire Slaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emma K Stapp
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Stautland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bruce Tarwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Dorskind JM, Sudarsanam S, Hand RA, Ziak J, Amoah-Dankwah M, Guzman-Clavel L, Soto-Vargas JL, Kolodkin AL. Drebrin Regulates Collateral Axon Branching in Cortical Layer II/III Somatosensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7745-7765. [PMID: 37798130 PMCID: PMC10648559 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0553-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cortical lamination is essential for cognition, learning, and memory. Within the somatosensory cortex, pyramidal excitatory neurons elaborate axon collateral branches in a laminar-specific manner that dictates synaptic partners and overall circuit organization. Here, we leverage both male and female mouse models, single-cell labeling and imaging approaches to identify intrinsic regulators of laminar-specific collateral, also termed interstitial, axon branching. We developed new approaches for the robust, sparse, labeling of Layer II/III pyramidal neurons to obtain single-cell quantitative assessment of axon branch morphologies. We combined these approaches with cell-autonomous loss-of-function (LOF) and overexpression (OE) manipulations in an in vivo candidate screen to identify regulators of cortical neuron axon branch lamination. We identify a role for the cytoskeletal binding protein drebrin (Dbn1) in regulating Layer II/III cortical projection neuron (CPN) collateral axon branching in vitro LOF experiments show that Dbn1 is necessary to suppress the elongation of Layer II/III CPN collateral axon branches within Layer IV, where axon branching by Layer II/III CPNs is normally absent. Conversely, Dbn1 OE produces excess short axonal protrusions reminiscent of nascent axon collaterals that fail to elongate. Structure-function analyses implicate Dbn1S142 phosphorylation and Dbn1 protein domains known to mediate F-actin bundling and microtubule (MT) coupling as necessary for collateral branch initiation upon Dbn1 OE. Taken together, these results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate collateral axon branching in excitatory CPNs, a key process in the elaboration of neocortical circuit formation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Laminar-specific axon targeting is essential for cortical circuit formation. Here, we show that the cytoskeletal protein drebrin (Dbn1) regulates excitatory Layer II/III cortical projection neuron (CPN) collateral axon branching, lending insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie neocortical laminar-specific innervation. To identify branching patterns of single cortical neurons in vivo, we have developed tools that allow us to obtain detailed images of individual CPN morphologies throughout postnatal development and to manipulate gene expression in these same neurons. Our results showing that Dbn1 regulates CPN interstitial axon branching both in vivo and in vitro may aid in our understanding of how aberrant cortical neuron morphology contributes to dysfunctions observed in autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle M Dorskind
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sriram Sudarsanam
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Randal A Hand
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jakub Ziak
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Maame Amoah-Dankwah
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Luis Guzman-Clavel
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Summer Internship Program (NeuroSIP), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - John Lee Soto-Vargas
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Basic Science Institute-Summer Internship Program (BSI-SIP), Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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9
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Ziak J, Dorskind J, Trigg B, Sudarsanam S, Hand R, Kolodkin AL. MAP1B Regulates Cortical Neuron Interstitial Axon Branching Through the Tubulin Tyrosination Cycle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560024. [PMID: 37873083 PMCID: PMC10592918 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of directed axon guidance and branching during development is essential for the generation of neuronal networks. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie interstitial axon branching in the mammalian brain remain unresolved. Here, we investigate interstitial axon branching in vivo using an approach for precise labeling of layer 2/3 callosal projection neurons (CPNs), allowing for quantitative analysis of axonal morphology at high acuity and also manipulation of gene expression in well-defined temporal windows. We find that the GSK3β serine/threonine kinase promotes interstitial axon branching in layer 2/3 CPNs by releasing MAP1B-mediated inhibition of axon branching. Further, we find that the tubulin tyrosination cycle is a key downstream component of GSK3β/MAP1B signaling. We propose that MAP1B functions as a brake on axon branching that can be released by GSK3β activation, regulating the tubulin code and thereby playing an integral role in sculpting cortical neuron axon morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ziak
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Joelle Dorskind
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Boston, MA
| | - Brian Trigg
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Sriram Sudarsanam
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Randal Hand
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
- Prilenia Therapeutics, Boston, MA
| | - Alex L. Kolodkin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205
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10
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Munni YA, Dash R, Choi HJ, Mitra S, Hannan MA, Mazumder K, Timalsina B, Moon IS. Differential Effects of the Processed and Unprocessed Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Ethanol Extracts on Neuritogenesis and Synaptogenesis in Rat Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13386. [PMID: 37686193 PMCID: PMC10487397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herb known for its culinary and medicinal uses for centuries. Both unprocessed (white) and processed (black) garlic are known to protect against the pathobiology of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), which has been attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The information on the effects of processed and unprocessed garlic on neuronal process outgrowth, maturation, and synaptic development is limited. This study aimed at investigating and comparing the effects of the ethanol extracts of unprocessed (white garlic extract, WGE) and processed (black garlic extract, BGE) garlic on the maturation of primary hippocampal neurons. Neurite outgrowth was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by both WGE and BGE and the most effective doses were 15 μg/mL and 60 μg/mL, respectively, without showing cytotoxicity. At this optimal concentration, both extracts promoted axonal and dendritic growth and maturation. Furthermore, both extracts substantially increased the formation of functional synapses. However, the effect of WGE was more robust at every developmental stage of neurons. In addition, the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a chemical profile of various bioactives in both BGE and WGE. Linalool, a compound that was found in both extracts, has shown neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in neuronal cultures, suggesting that the neurotrophic activity of garlic extracts is attributed, at least in part, to this compound. By using network pharmacology, linalool's role in neuronal development can also be observed through its modulatory effect on the signaling molecules of neurotrophic signaling pathways such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk1/2), which was further verified by immunocytochemistry. Overall, these findings provide information on the molecular mechanism of processed and unprocessed garlic for neuronal growth, survival, and memory function which may have the potential for the prevention of several neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Binod Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (Y.A.M.); (R.D.); (H.J.C.); (S.M.); (M.A.H.); (B.T.)
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11
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Munni YA, Dash R, Mitra S, Dash N, Shima M, Moon IS. Mechanistic study of Coriandrum sativum on neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis based on computationally guided in vitro analyses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116165. [PMID: 36641106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acceleration of neurite outgrowth and halting neurodegeneration are the most critical factors that are negatively regulated in various neurodegenerative diseases or injuries in the central nervous system (CNS). Functional foods or nutrients are considered alternative sources of bioactive components to alleviate various CNS injuries by promoting neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis, while their exact molecular mechanism remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY Coriandrum sativum L. (CS) is one of the popular herbs in the Apiaceae family, of which CNS modulating action is a well-documented traditionally but detailed study on memory boosting function yet remains unexplored. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the neurogenic and synaptogenic modulation of CS aqueous ethanol (CSAE) extract in the primary hippocampal neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and allowed to incubate with CSAE or vehicle. To observe the early neuronal differentiation, axonal and dendritic arborization, and synapse formation, neurons were immune-stained against indicated antibodies or stained directly with a lipophilic dye (1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3', 3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate, DiL). Meanwhile, western blot was used to validate the synaptogenesis effect of CSAE compared to vehicle. Additionally, molecular docking and system pharmacology approaches were applied to confirm the possible secondary metabolites and pathways by which CSAE promotes neuritogenesis. RESULTS Results show that CSAE can induce neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis at 30 μg/mL concentration. The treatment impacts early neuronal polarization, axonal and dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity via NMDARs expressions in primary neurons. In silico network pharmacology of CS metabolites show that the CSAE-mediated neurogenic effect is likely dependent on the NTRK2 (TrkB) mediated neurotrophin signaling pathway. Indeed, the observed neurogenic activity of CSAE is markedly reduced upon the co-treatment with a TrkB-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, molecular docking following binding energy calculation shows that one of the CS metabolites, scoparone, has a high affinity to bind in the BDNF mimetic binding site of TrkB, suggesting its role in TrkB activation. Scoparone was found to enhance neuritogenesis, but not to the same extent as CSAE. Moreover, the expression of TrkB signaling-related proteins (BCL2, CASP3, GSK3, and BDNF), which was found to be modulated by scoparone, was significantly affected by the co-treatment of TrkB inhibitor (ANA-12). These results further suggest that the modulation of neuritogenesis by scoparone is TrkB-dependent. CONCLUSIONS This study provides deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of CS in boosting neuronal growth and memory function, which might implicate the prevention of many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayan Dash
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Mutakabrun Shima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Molecular Pharmacology, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Benítez-Fernández R, Gil C, Guaza C, Mestre L, Martínez A. The Dual PDE7-GSK3β Inhibitor, VP3.15, as Neuroprotective Disease-Modifying Treatment in a Model of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214378. [PMID: 36430856 PMCID: PMC9694690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune and degenerative disease with axonal damage and demyelination as its main features. Its dual neurological and autoimmune nature makes it a disease that is difficult to treat. Treatments that simultaneously stop the immune response while protecting and repairing the nervous system are urgent. That is of utmost importance for the primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), a rare and severe variant of MS, characterized by worsening neurological function from the onset of symptoms. In this sense, inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) have recently shown great therapeutic potential for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. Here we investigated a dual inhibitor of these two targets, the small molecule VP3.15, in a preclinical model, which resembles primary-progressive MS (PPMS), the Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinated disease (TMEV-IDD). In our study, VP3.15 ameliorates the disease course improving motor deficits of infected mice. Chronic treatment with VP3.15 also showed significant efficacy in the immunomodulation process, as well as in the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendroglial precursors, improving the preservation of myelin and axonal integrity. Therefore, our results support a treatment with the safe VP3.15 as an integrative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Benítez-Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-918-703-112 (A.M.)
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-918-703-112 (A.M.)
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13
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Dzaki N, Bu S, Lau SSY, Yong WL, Yu F. Drosophila GSK3β promotes microtubule disassembly and dendrite pruning in sensory neurons. Development 2022; 149:281771. [PMID: 36264221 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), a negative regulator of microtubules, is crucial for neuronal polarization, growth and migration during animal development. However, it remains unknown whether GSK3β regulates neuronal pruning, which is a regressive process. Here, we report that the Drosophila GSK3β homologue Shaggy (Sgg) is cell-autonomously required for dendrite pruning of ddaC sensory neurons during metamorphosis. Sgg is necessary and sufficient to promote microtubule depolymerization, turnover and disassembly in the dendrites. Although Sgg is not required for the minus-end-out microtubule orientation in dendrites, hyperactivated Sgg can disturb the dendritic microtubule orientation. Moreover, our pharmacological and genetic data suggest that Sgg is required to promote dendrite pruning at least partly via microtubule disassembly. We show that Sgg and Par-1 kinases act synergistically to promote microtubule disassembly and dendrite pruning. Thus, Sgg and Par-1 might converge on and phosphorylate a common downstream microtubule-associated protein(s) to disassemble microtubules and thereby facilitate dendrite pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Dzaki
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Shufeng Bu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Samuel Song Yuan Lau
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Wei Lin Yong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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14
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Wu NS, Lin YF, Ma IC, Ko HJ, Hong YR. Many faces and functions of GSKIP: a temporospatial regulation view. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110391. [PMID: 35728705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-β (GSK3β) interaction protein (GSKIP) is one of the smallest A-kinase anchoring proteins that possesses a binding site for GSK3β. Recently, our group identified the protein kinase A (PKA)-GSKIP-GSK3β-X axis; knowledge of this axis may help us decipher the many roles of GSKIP and perhaps help explain the evolutionary reason behind the interaction between GSK3β and PKA. In this review, we highlight the critical and multifaceted role of GSKIP in facilitating PKA kinase activity and its function as a scaffolding protein in signaling pathways. We also highlight how these pivotal PKA and GSK3 kinases can control context-specific functions and interact with multiple target proteins, such as β-catenin, Drp1, Tau, and other proteins. GSKIP is a key regulator of multiple mechanisms because of not only its location at certain subcellular compartments but also its serial changes during the developmental process. Moreover, the involvement of critical upstream regulatory signaling pathways in GSKIP signaling in various cancers, such as miRNA (microRNA) and lncRNA (long noncoding RNA), may help in the identification of therapeutic targets in the era of precision medicine and personalized therapy. Finally, we emphasize on the model of the early stage of pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease (AD). Although the model requires validation, it can serve as a basis for diagnostic biomarkers development and drug discovery for early-stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Siou Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - I Chu Ma
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Banach E, Jaworski T, Urban-Ciećko J. Early synaptic deficits in GSK-3β overexpressing mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136744. [PMID: 35718239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is the prominent feature of many neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases, in which glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) has been shown to play a role. Overexpression of constitutively active form of GSK-3β (GSK-3β[S9A]) in mice recapitulates the cognitive and structural brain deficits characteristic for manic phase of bipolar disorder (BD). Yet, the mechanisms underlying GSK-3β-induced synaptic dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to dissect the effect of GSK-3β overactivity on synaptic function in adolescent (3-week-old) mice. We found that overactivity of GSK-3β in adolescent transgenic mice leads to an alteration in dendritic spines morphology of granule cells in dentate gyrus (DG) without changes in overall spine density. There was an increase in the number of thin, presumably immature dendritic spines in GSK-3β[S9A] mice. Subsequent electrophysiological analysis showed changes in excitatory synaptic transmission manifested by an increase of inter-event intervals of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in DG granule cells and an increase in the number of silent (unfunctional) synapses at the perforant path-DG pathway in GSK-3β[S9A] mice. Altogether, our data indicate that GSK-3β overactivity leads to synaptic deficits in adolescent, GSK-3β[S9A] mice. These data might provide potential mechanisms underlying GSK-3β-induced synaptic dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Banach
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jaworski
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Research and Development Centre, Celon Pharma SA, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Joanna Urban-Ciećko
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Shafi O, Siddiqui G. Tracing the origins of glioblastoma by investigating the role of gliogenic and related neurogenic genes/signaling pathways in GBM development: a systematic review. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35538578 PMCID: PMC9087910 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors. The etiology and the factors determining its onset are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the origins of GBM, and for this purpose, it focuses primarily on developmental gliogenic processes. It also focuses on the impact of the related neurogenic developmental processes in glioblastoma oncogenesis. It also addresses why glial cells are at more risk of tumor development compared to neurons. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving glioblastoma, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, stemness, neural stem cells, gliogenic signaling and pathways, neurogenic signaling and pathways, and astrocytogenic genes. Results The origin of GBM is dependent on dysregulation in multiple genes and pathways that accumulatively converge the cells towards oncogenesis. There are multiple layers of steps in glioblastoma oncogenesis including the failure of cell fate-specific genes to keep the cells differentiated in their specific cell types such as p300, BMP, HOPX, and NRSF/REST. There are genes and signaling pathways that are involved in differentiation and also contribute to GBM such as FGFR3, JAK-STAT, and hey1. The genes that contribute to differentiation processes but also contribute to stemness in GBM include notch, Sox9, Sox4, c-myc gene overrides p300, and then GFAP, leading to upregulation of nestin, SHH, NF-κB, and others. GBM mutations pathologically impact the cell circuitry such as the interaction between Sox2 and JAK-STAT pathway, resulting in GBM development and progression. Conclusion Glioblastoma originates when the gene expression of key gliogenic genes and signaling pathways become dysregulated. This study identifies key gliogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis in glioblastoma cells, including p300, BMP, PAX6, HOPX, NRSF/REST, LIF, and TGF beta. It also identifies key neurogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis including PAX6, neurogenins including Ngn1, NeuroD1, NeuroD4, Numb, NKX6-1 Ebf, Myt1, and ASCL1. This study also postulates how aging contributes to the onset of glioblastoma by dysregulating the gene expression of NF-κB, REST/NRSF, ERK, AKT, EGFR, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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17
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Sen S, Lagas S, Roy A, Kumar H. Cytoskeleton saga: Its regulation in normal physiology and modulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:175001. [PMID: 35525310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells are fundamental units of life. To ensure the maintenance of homeostasis, integrity of structural and functional counterparts is needed to be essentially balanced. The cytoskeleton plays a vital role in regulating the cellular morphology, signalling and other factors involved in pathological conditions. Microtubules, actin (microfilaments), intermediate filaments (IF) and their interactions are required for these activities. Various proteins associated with these components are primary requirements for directing their functions. Disruption of this organization due to faulty genetics, oxidative stress or impaired transport mechanisms are the major causes of dysregulated signalling cascades leading to various pathological conditions like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) or any traumatic injury like spinal cord injury (SCI). Novel or conventional therapeutic approaches may be specific or non-specific, targeting either three basic components of the cytoskeleton or various cascades that serve as a cue to numerous pathways like ROCK signalling or the GSK-3β pathway. An enormous number of drugs have been redirected for modulating the cytoskeletal dynamics and thereby may pave the way for inhibiting the progression of these diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santimoy Sen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sheetal Lagas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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18
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Yakovleva O, Albova P, Sitdikova G. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulation of Exocytosis and Endocytosis of Synaptic Vesicles in Motor Nerve Endings of Mice in Alloxan Model of Diabetes Mellitus. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Ion Channels, Plasticity, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084413. [PMID: 35457230 PMCID: PMC9028019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3) is a multifaceted serine/threonine (S/T) kinase expressed in all eukaryotic cells. GSK3β is highly enriched in neurons in the central nervous system where it acts as a central hub for intracellular signaling downstream of receptors critical for neuronal function. Unlike other kinases, GSK3β is constitutively active, and its modulation mainly involves inhibition via upstream regulatory pathways rather than increased activation. Through an intricate converging signaling system, a fine-tuned balance of active and inactive GSK3β acts as a central point for the phosphorylation of numerous primed and unprimed substrates. Although the full range of molecular targets is still unknown, recent results show that voltage-gated ion channels are among the downstream targets of GSK3β. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms by which GSK3β phosphorylates voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav1.2 and Nav1.6) and voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv4 and Kv7) and their physiological effects on intrinsic excitability, neuronal plasticity, and behavior. We also present evidence for how unbalanced GSK3β activity can lead to maladaptive plasticity that ultimately renders neuronal circuitry more vulnerable, increasing the risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, GSK3β-dependent modulation of voltage-gated ion channels may serve as an important pharmacological target for neurotherapeutic development.
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20
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Upadhyay J, Ansari MN, Samad A, Sayana A. Dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways: A possible cause of cerebral palsy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:779-787. [PMID: 35253451 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong disability characterized by the impairment of brain functions that result in improper posture and abnormal motor patterns. Understanding this brain abnormality and the role of genetic, epigenetic, and non-genetic factors such as signaling pathway dysregulation and cytokine dysregulation in the pathogenesis of CP is a complex process. Hypoxic-ischemic injury and prematurity are two well-known contributors of CP. Like in the case of other neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability and autism, the genomic constituents in CP are highly complex. The neuroinflammation that is triggered by maternal cytokine response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of fetal inflammation response, which is one of the contributing factors of CP, and it continues even after the birth of children suffering from CP. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway is important for the development of mammalian fetal brain and it regulates distinct processes including neurogenesis. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) antagonistic activity in the Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in neurogenesis and neural development. In this review, we investigated several genetic and non-genetic pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of CP and their regulation, impairment, and implications for causing CP during embryonic growth and developmental period. Investigating the role of these pathways help to develop novel therapeutic interventions and biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment. This review also helps us to comprehend the mechanical approach of various signaling pathways, as well as their consequences and relevance in the understanding of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Upadhyay
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
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21
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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22
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Chia S, Leung T, Tan I. Cyclical phosphorylation of LRAP35a and CLASP2 by GSK3β and CK1δ regulates EB1-dependent MT dynamics in cell migration. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109687. [PMID: 34525355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell cytoskeletal reorganization for efficient directional movement requires tight coordination of actomyosin and microtubule networks. In this study, we show that LRAP35a potentiates microtubule stabilization by promoting CLASP2/EB1 interaction besides its complex formation with MRCK/MYO18A for retrograde actin flow. The alternate regulation of these two networks by LRAP35a is tightly regulated by a series of phosphorylation events that dictated its specificity. Sequential phosphorylation of LRAP35a by Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β) initiates the association of LRAP35a with CLASP2, while subsequent binding and further phosphorylation by Casein Kinase 1δ (CK1δ) induce their dissociation, which facilitates LRAP35a/MRCK association in driving lamellar actomyosin flow. Importantly, microtubule dynamics is directly moderated by CK1δ activity on CLASP2 to regulate GSK3β phosphorylation of the SxIP motifs that blocks EB1 binding, an event countered by LRAP35a interaction and its competition for CK1δ activity. Overall this study reveals an essential role for LRAP35a in coordinating lamellar contractility and microtubule polarization in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Thomas Leung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Ivan Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A(∗)STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
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23
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Zhang H, Cai X, Xiang C, Han Y, Niu Q. miR-29a and the PTEN-GSK3β axis are involved in aluminum-induced damage to primary hippocampal neuronal networks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112701. [PMID: 34461321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that aluminum (Al) can cause a range of neurotoxic injuries including progressive irreversible synaptic structural damage and synaptic dysfunction, and eventually neuronal deaths. Mechanism of Al-induced electrophysiological and neuronal connectivity changes in neurons may indicate damage to the neuronal network. Here, mouse primary hippocampal neurons were cultured on micro-electrode array (MEA)- and high-content analysis (HCA)-related plates, showing that Al exposure significantly inhibited hippocampal neuronal electrical spike activity and neurite outgrowth characterized by a reduction in neurite branching and a decrease in the average total neurite length in relation to both Al dose and time of incubation. In recent years, miR-29a/ phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) have been found to play pivotal roles in the morphogenesis of neurons, it has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo that the PTEN-Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) axis regulates neurite outgrowth. The present study demonstrated that increases in Al exposure and dose gradually reduce miR-29a expression. Up-regulation of miR-29a in the hippocampal neurons by lentivirus transfection reversed the decrease in electrical spike activity and the reduction in both neurite branching and length induced by Al. Moreover, miR-29a suppressed the expression of PTEN and increased the level of phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (p-AKT) and p-GSK-3β which were inhibited by the Al treatment. This suggests that miR-29a is critically involved in the functional and structural neuronal damage induced by Al and is a potential target for Al neurotoxicity. Moreover, the reduction of neurite length and branching induced by Al exposure was regulated by miR-29a and its target neuronal PTEN-GSK3β signaling pathway, which also represents a possible mechanism of Al-induced the inhibition of the electrical activity. Collectively, Al-induced damage to the neuronal network occurred through miR-29a-mediated alterations of the PTEN-GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China.
| | - Xiaoya Cai
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Changxin Xiang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Yingchao Han
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China.
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Stepankova K, Jendelova P, Machova Urdzikova L. Planet of the AAVs: The Spinal Cord Injury Episode. Biomedicines 2021; 9:613. [PMID: 34071245 PMCID: PMC8228984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medical and life-disrupting condition with devastating consequences for the physical, social, and professional welfare of patients, and there is no adequate treatment for it. At the same time, gene therapy has been studied as a promising approach for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering remedial genes to the central nervous system (CNS), of which the spinal cord is a part. For gene therapy, multiple vectors have been introduced, including integrating lentiviral vectors and non-integrating adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. AAV vectors are a promising system for transgene delivery into the CNS due to their safety profile as well as long-term gene expression. Gene therapy mediated by AAV vectors shows potential for treating SCI by delivering certain genetic information to specific cell types. This review has focused on a potential treatment of SCI by gene therapy using AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Stepankova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Nguyen LH, Bordey A. Convergent and Divergent Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis in mTORopathies. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:664695. [PMID: 33897381 PMCID: PMC8064518 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.664695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) due to mutations in genes along the PI3K-mTOR pathway and the GATOR1 complex causes a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (termed mTORopathies) associated with malformation of cortical development and intractable epilepsy. Despite these gene variants’ converging impact on mTORC1 activity, emerging findings suggest that these variants contribute to epilepsy through both mTORC1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we review the literature on in utero electroporation-based animal models of mTORopathies, which recapitulate the brain mosaic pattern of mTORC1 hyperactivity, and compare the effects of distinct PI3K-mTOR pathway and GATOR1 complex gene variants on cortical development and epilepsy. We report the outcomes on cortical pyramidal neuronal placement, morphology, and electrophysiological phenotypes, and discuss some of the converging and diverging mechanisms responsible for these alterations and their contribution to epileptogenesis. We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for epilepsy, beyond mTORC1 inhibition with rapamycin or everolimus, that could offer personalized medicine based on the gene variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena H Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Angélique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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26
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Stertz L, Di Re J, Pei G, Fries GR, Mendez E, Li S, Smith-Callahan L, Raventos H, Tipo J, Cherukuru R, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Jia P, Laezza F, Walss-Bass C. Convergent genomic and pharmacological evidence of PI3K/GSK3 signaling alterations in neurons from schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:673-682. [PMID: 33288841 PMCID: PMC8027596 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) allow for the establishment of brain cellular models of psychiatric disorders that account for a patient's genetic background. Here, we conducted an RNA-sequencing profiling study of hiPSC-derived cell lines from schizophrenia (SCZ) subjects, most of which are from a multiplex family, from the population isolate of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. hiPSCs, neural precursor cells, and cortical neurons derived from six healthy controls and seven SCZ subjects were generated using standard methodology. Transcriptome from these cells was obtained using Illumina HiSeq 2500, and differential expression analyses were performed using DESeq2 (|fold change|>1.5 and false discovery rate < 0.3), in patients compared to controls. We identified 454 differentially expressed genes in hiPSC-derived neurons, enriched in pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (PI3K/GSK3) signaling, with serum-glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, as part of this pathway. We further found that pharmacological inhibition of downstream effectors of the PI3K/GSK3 pathway, SGK1 and GSK3, induced alterations in levels of neurite markers βIII tubulin and fibroblast growth factor 12, with differential effects in patients compared to controls. While demonstrating the utility of hiPSCs derived from multiplex families to identify significant cell-specific gene network alterations in SCZ, these studies support a role for disruption of PI3K/GSK3 signaling as a risk factor for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stertz
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Di Re
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Mendez
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Smith-Callahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henriette Raventos
- Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Jerricho Tipo
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rohan Cherukuru
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Finding MEMO-Emerging Evidence for MEMO1's Function in Development and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111316. [PMID: 33172038 PMCID: PMC7694686 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conserved throughout animal kingdoms, the protein encoded by the gene Mediator of ERBB2 Driven Cell Motility 1 or MEMO1, has only recently come into focus. True to its namesake, MEMO1 first emerged from a proteomic screen of molecules bound to the ERBB2 receptor and was found to be necessary for efficient cell migration upon receptor activation. While initially placed within the context of breast cancer metastasis—a pathological state that has provided tremendous insight into MEMO1′s cellular roles—MEMO1′s function has since expanded to encompass additional cancer cell types, developmental processes during embryogenesis and homeostatic regulation of adult organ systems. Owing to MEMO1′s deep conservation, a variety of model organisms have been amenable to uncovering biological facets of this multipurpose protein; facets ranging from the cellular (e.g., receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, redox flux) to the organismal (e.g., mineralization and mineral homeostasis, neuro/gliogenesis, vasculogenesis) level. Although these facets emerge at the intersection of numerous biological and human disease processes, how and if they are interconnected remains to be resolved. Here, we review our current understanding of this ‘enigmatic’ molecule, its role in development and disease and open questions emerging from these previous studies.
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Huang H, Kaur S, Hu Y. Lab review: Molecular dissection of the signal transduction pathways associated with PTEN deletion-induced optic nerve regeneration. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 37:545-552. [PMID: 31839616 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent loss of vital functions after central nervous system (CNS) injury occurs in part because axons in the adult mammalian CNS do not regenerate after injury. PTEN was identified as a prominent intrinsic inhibitor of CNS axon regeneration about 10 years ago. The PTEN negatively regulated PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which has been intensively explored in diverse models of axon injury and diseases and its mechanism for axon regeneration is becoming clearer. OBJECTIVE It is timely to summarize current knowledge about the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway and discuss future directions of translational regenerative research for neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Using mouse optic nerve crush as an in vivo retinal ganglion cell axon injury model, we have conducted an extensive molecular dissection of the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1/mTORC2 pathway to illuminate the cross-regulating mechanisms in axon regeneration. RESULTS AKT is the nodal point that coordinates both positive (PI3K-PDK1-pAKT-T308) and negative (PI3K-mTORC2-pAKT-S473) signals to regulate adult CNS axon regeneration through two parallel pathways, activating mTORC1 and inhibiting GSK3β. However, mTORC1/S6K1-mediated feedback inhibition after PTEN deletion prevents potent AKT activation. CONCLUSIONS A key permissive signal from an unidentified AKT-independent pathway is required for stimulating the neuron-intrinsic growth machinery. Future studies into this complex neuron-intrinsic balancing mechanism involving necessary and permissive signals for axon regeneration is likely to lead to safe and effective regenerative strategies for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Simran Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Zheng C, Atlas E, Lee HMT, Jao SLJ, Nguyen KCQ, Hall DH, Chalfie M. Opposing effects of an F-box protein and the HSP90 chaperone network on microtubule stability and neurite growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2020; 147:dev189886. [PMID: 32467239 PMCID: PMC7328132 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones often work collaboratively with the ubiquitylation-proteasome system (UPS) to facilitate the degradation of misfolded proteins, which typically safeguards cellular differentiation and protects cells from stress. In this study, however, we report that the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone machinery and an F-box protein, MEC-15, have opposing effects on neuronal differentiation, and that the chaperones negatively regulate neuronal morphogenesis and functions. Using the touch receptor neurons (TRNs) of Caenorhabditis elegans, we find that mec-15(-) mutants display defects in microtubule formation, neurite growth, synaptic development and neuronal functions, and that these defects can be rescued by the loss of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones and co-chaperones. MEC-15 probably functions in a Skp-, Cullin- and F-box- containing complex to degrade DLK-1, which is an Hsp90 client protein stabilized by the chaperones. The abundance of DLK-1, and likely other Hsp90 substrates, is fine-tuned by the antagonism between MEC-15 and the chaperones; this antagonism regulates TRN development, as well as synaptic functions of GABAergic motor neurons. Therefore, a balance between the UPS and the chaperones tightly controls neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogu Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emily Atlas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ho Ming Terence Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Martin Chalfie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Sanders O, Rajagopal L. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Epidemiology with a Mechanistic Rationale. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:185-215. [PMID: 32715279 PMCID: PMC7369141 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors is disease-modifying in Alzheimer's disease (AD). cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling are disrupted in AD. cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). CREB binds mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, inducing synaptogenesis, memory, and neuronal survival gene (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate Sirtuin-1, which activates PGC1α. PGC1α induces mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes (e.g.,Nrf2) and represses BACE1. cAMP and cGMP inhibit BACE1-inducing NFκB and tau-phosphorylating GSK3β. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We review efficacy-testing clinical trials, epidemiology, and meta-analyses to critically investigate whether phosphodiesteraseinhibitors prevent or treat AD. RESULTS Caffeine and cilostazol may lower AD risk. Denbufylline and sildenafil clinical trials are promising but preliminary and inconclusive. PF-04447943 and BI 409,306 are ineffective. Vinpocetine, cilostazol, and nicergoline trials are mixed. Deprenyl/selegiline trials show only short-term benefits. Broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor propentofylline has been shown in five phase III trials to improve cognition, dementia severity, activities of daily living, and global assessment in mild-to-moderate AD patients on multiple scales, including the ADAS-Cogand the CIBIC-Plus in an 18-month phase III clinical trial. However, two books claimed based on a MedScape article an 18-month phase III trial failed, so propentofylline was discontinued. Now, propentofylline is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction, which, like AD, involves age-associated wild-type Aβ deposition. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may prevent and treat AD.
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Naumova AA, Oleynik EA, Chernigovskaya EV, Glazova MV. Glutamatergic Fate of Neural Progenitor Cells of Rats with Inherited Audiogenic Epilepsy. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050311. [PMID: 32455746 PMCID: PMC7288135 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is associated with aberrant neurogenesis in the hippocampus and may underlie the development of hereditary epilepsy. In the present study, we analyzed the differentiation fate of neural progenitor cells (NPC), which were isolated from the hippocampus of embryos of Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats genetically prone to audiogenic epilepsy. NPCs from embryos of Wistar rats were used as the control. We found principal differences between Wistar and KM NPC in unstimulated controls: Wistar NPC culture contained both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic neurons; KM NPC culture was mainly represented by glutamatergic cells. The stimulation of glutamatergic differentiation of Wistar NPC resulted in a significant increase in glutamatergic cell number that was accompanied by the activation of protein kinase A. The stimulation of KM NPC led to a decrease in immature glutamatergic cell number and was associated with the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B/ glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Akt/GSK3β), which indicates the activation of glutamatergic cell maturation. These results suggest genetically programmed abnormalities in KM rats that determine the glutamatergic fate of NPC and contribute to the development of audiogenic epilepsy.
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32
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Sousa SC, Sousa MM. The cytoskeleton as a modulator of tension driven axon elongation. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:300-309. [PMID: 32302060 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Throughout development, neurons are capable of integrating external and internal signals leading to the morphological changes required for neuronal polarization and axon growth. The first phase of axon elongation occurs during neuronal polarization. At this stage, membrane remodeling and cytoskeleton dynamics are crucial for the growth cone to advance and guide axon elongation. When a target is recognized, the growth cone collapses to form the presynaptic terminal. Once a synapse is established, the growth of the organism results in an increased distance between the neuronal cell bodies and their targets. In this second phase of axon elongation, growth cone-independent molecular mechanisms and cytoskeleton changes must occur to enable axon growth to accompany the increase in body size. While the field has mainly focused on growth-cone mediated axon elongation during development, tension driven axon growth remains largely unexplored. In this review, we will discuss in a critical perspective the current knowledge on the mechanisms guiding axon growth following synaptogenesis, with a particular focus on the putative role played by the axonal cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC and i3S, Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC and i3S, Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gizak A, Duda P, Pielka E, McCubrey JA, Rakus D. GSK3 and miRNA in neural tissue: From brain development to neurodegenerative diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118696. [PMID: 32165184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs modulating gene expression and creating intricate regulatory networks that are dysregulated in many pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders. In silico analyses denote a multifunctional kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) as a putative target of numerous miRs identified in neural tissue. GSK3 is engaged in almost all aspects of neuronal development and functioning. Moreover, there is an autoregulatory feedback between GSK3 and miRNAs as the kinase can influence biogenesis of miRs. Members of the miR-GSK3 axes might thus represent convenient therapeutic targets in neuropathologies that display its abnormal regulation. This review summarizes the present knowledge about direct interactions of GSK3 and miRs in brain, and their putative roles in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-137, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-137, Poland
| | - Ewa Pielka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-137, Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-137, Poland
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Generation and regulation of microtubule network asymmetry to drive cell polarity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:86-95. [PMID: 31739264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules control cell architecture by serving as a scaffold for intracellular transport, signaling, and organelle positioning. Microtubules are intrinsically polarized, and their orientation, density, and post-translational modifications both respond and contribute to cell polarity. Animal cells that can rapidly reorient their polarity axis, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and cancer cells, contain radially organized microtubule arrays anchored at the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, whereas stably polarized cells often acquire non-centrosomal microtubule networks attached to the cell cortex, nucleus, or other structures. Microtubule density, longevity, and post-translational modifications strongly depend on the dynamics of their plus ends. Factors controlling microtubule plus-end dynamics are often part of cortical assemblies that integrate cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and secretion and are subject to microtubule-dependent feedback regulation. Finally, microtubules can mechanically contribute to cell asymmetry by promoting cell elongation, a property that might be important for cells with dense microtubule arrays growing in soft environments.
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Martínez JC, Randolph LK, Iascone DM, Pernice HF, Polleux F, Hengst U. Pum2 Shapes the Transcriptome in Developing Axons through Retention of Target mRNAs in the Cell Body. Neuron 2019; 104:931-946.e5. [PMID: 31606248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Localized protein synthesis is fundamental for neuronal development, maintenance, and function. Transcriptomes in axons and soma are distinct, but the mechanisms governing the composition of axonal transcriptomes and their developmental regulation are only partially understood. We found that the binding motif for the RNA-binding proteins Pumilio 1 and 2 (Pum1 and Pum2) is underrepresented in transcriptomes of developing axons. Introduction of Pumilio-binding elements (PBEs) into mRNAs containing a β-actin zipcode prevented axonal localization and translation. Pum2 is restricted to the soma of developing neurons, and Pum2 knockdown or blocking its binding to mRNA caused the appearance and translation of PBE-containing mRNAs in axons. Pum2-deficient neurons exhibited axonal growth and branching defects in vivo and impaired axon regeneration in vitro. These results reveal that Pum2 shapes axonal transcriptomes by preventing the transport of PBE-containing mRNAs into axons, and they identify somatic mRNAs retention as a mechanism for the temporal control of intra-axonal protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Martínez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lisa K Randolph
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Helena F Pernice
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franck Polleux
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Gong SN, Zhu JP, Ma YJ, Zhao DQ. Proteomics of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2911-2923. [PMID: 31249449 PMCID: PMC6589736 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-induced gastric ulcer (SGU) is one of the most common visceral complications after trauma. Restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS) can cause serious gastrointestinal dysfunction and has been widely used to study the pathogenesis of SGU to identify medications that can cure the disease. The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) is the centre integrating visceral and physical activity and contributes to SGU induced by RWIS. Hence, the role of the MD during RWIS needs to be studied.
AIM To screen for differentially expressed proteins in the MD of the RWIS rats to further elucidate molecular mechanisms of SGU.
METHODS Male Wistar rats were selected randomly and divided into two groups, namely, a control group and an RWIS group. Gastric mucosal lesions of the sacrificed rats were measured using the erosion index and the proteomic profiles of the MD were generated through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, iTRAQ results were verified by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS A total of 2853 proteins were identified, and these included 65 dysregulated (31 upregulated and 34 downregulated) proteins (fold change ratio ≥ 1.2). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that most of the upregulated proteins are primarily related to cell division, whereas most of the downregulated proteins are related to neuron morphogenesis and neurotransmitter regulation. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the dysregulated proteins are mainly involved in the neurological disease signalling pathways. Furthermore, our results indicated that glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta might be related to the central mechanism through which RWIS gives rise to SGU.
CONCLUSION Quantitative proteomic analysis elucidated the molecular targets associated with the production of SGU and provides insights into the role of the MD. The underlying molecular mechanisms need to be further dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jie Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong-Qin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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Rho GTPases in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Peripheral Sensory Neurons. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060591. [PMID: 31208035 PMCID: PMC6627758 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous experimental studies demonstrate that the Ras homolog family of guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (Rho GTPases) Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) are important regulators in somatosensory neurons, where they elicit changes in the cellular cytoskeleton and are involved in diverse biological processes during development, differentiation, survival and regeneration. This review summarizes the status of research regarding the expression and the role of the Rho GTPases in peripheral sensory neurons and how these small proteins are involved in development and outgrowth of sensory neurons, as well as in neuronal regeneration after injury, inflammation and pain perception. In sensory neurons, Rho GTPases are activated by various extracellular signals through membrane receptors and elicit their action through a wide range of downstream effectors, such as Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or mixed-lineage kinase (MLK). While RhoA is implicated in the assembly of stress fibres and focal adhesions and inhibits neuronal outgrowth through growth cone collapse, Rac1 and Cdc42 promote neuronal development, differentiation and neuroregeneration. The functions of Rho GTPases are critically important in the peripheral somatosensory system; however, their signalling interconnections and partially antagonistic actions are not yet fully understood.
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Aripiprazole and haloperidol protect neurite lesions via reducing excessive D2R-DISC1 complex formation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:59-69. [PMID: 30597182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) hyperactivity causes altered brain development and later produces onset of symptoms mimicking schizophrenia. It is known that D2R interacts with disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1); however, the effect of D2R-DISC1 interaction in intracellular signalling and neurite growth has not been studied. This study investigated the effect of D2R over-activation on Akt-GSK3β signalling and neurite morphology in cortical neurons. Over-activation of D2Rs caused neurite lesions, which were associated with decreased protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) phosphorylation in cortical neurons. The antipsychotic drug aripiprazole was more effective in the prevention of neurite lesions than haloperidol. Unlike haloperidol, aripiprazole prevented downregulation of phospho (p) Akt-pGSK3β induced by D2R hyperactivity, indicating involvement of different pathways. D2Rs were hyperactive in cortical neurons of mice with DISC1 mutation, which caused more severe neurite lesions in cortical neurons treated with quinpirole. Immunofluorescent staining for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) confirmed that cortical pyramidal neurons were involved in the D2R hyperactivity-induced neurite lesions. Using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique, we provide direct evidence that D2R hyperactivity led to D2R-DISC1 complex formation, which altered pGSK3β signalling. This study showed that D2R hyperactivity-induced D2R-DISC1 complex formation is associated with decreased pAkt-pGSK3β signalling and in turn, caused neurite impairment. Aripiprazole and haloperidol prevented the impairment of neurite growth but appeared to do so via different intracellular signalling pathways.
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AKT-dependent and -independent pathways mediate PTEN deletion-induced CNS axon regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30814515 PMCID: PMC6393504 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) acts as a brake for the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–AKT–mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, the deletion of which promotes potent central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration. Previously, we demonstrated that AKT activation is sufficient to promote CNS axon regeneration to a lesser extent than PTEN deletion. It is still questionable whether AKT is entirely responsible for the regenerative effect of PTEN deletion on CNS axons. Here, we show that blocking AKT or its downstream effectors, mTORC1 and GSK3β, significantly reduces PTEN deletion-induced mouse optic nerve regeneration, indicating the necessary role of AKT-dependent signaling. However, AKT is only marginally activated in PTEN-null mice due to mTORC1-mediated feedback inhibition. That combining PTEN deletion with AKT overexpression or GSK3β deletion achieves significantly more potent axonal regeneration suggests an AKT-independent pathway for axon regeneration. Elucidating the AKT-independent pathway is required to develop effective strategies for CNS axon regeneration.
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Song Z, Han X, Zou H, Zhang B, Ding Y, Xu X, Zeng J, Liu J, Gong A. PTEN-GSK3β-MOB1 axis controls neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4445-4464. [PMID: 30069702 PMCID: PMC11105474 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mps One binder 1 (MOB1) is a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. However, its role in neurite outgrowth still remains to be clarified. Here, we confirmed, for the first time, that MOB1 promoted neurite outgrowth and was involved in functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Mechanistically, we found that MOB1 stability was regulated by the PTEN-GSK3β axis. The MOB1 protein was significantly up-regulated in PTEN-knockdown neuronal cells. This effect was dependent on the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN. Moreover, MOB1 was found to be a novel substrate for GSK3β that is phosphorylated on serine 146 and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Finally, in vivo lentiviral-mediated silencing of PTEN promoted neurite outgrowth and functional recovery after SCI and this effect was reversed by down-regulation of MOB1. Taken together, this study provided mechanistic insight into how MOB1 acts as a novel and a necessary regulator in PTEN-GSK3β axis that controls neurite outgrowth after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hongjun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Zhang J, Yang D, Huang H, Sun Y, Hu Y. Coordination of Necessary and Permissive Signals by PTEN Inhibition for CNS Axon Regeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:558. [PMID: 30158848 PMCID: PMC6104488 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nearly 10 years since PTEN was identified as a prominent intrinsic inhibitor of CNS axon regeneration, the PTEN negatively regulated PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway has been intensively explored in diverse models of axon injury and diseases and its mechanism for axon regeneration is becoming clearer. It is therefore timely to summarize current knowledge and discuss future directions of translational regenerative research for neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Using mouse optic nerve crush as an in vivo retinal ganglion cell axon injury model, we have conducted an extensive molecular dissection of the PI3K-AKT pathway to illuminate the cross-regulating mechanisms in axon regeneration. AKT is the nodal point that coordinates both positive and negative signals to regulate adult CNS axon regeneration through two parallel pathways, activating mTORC1 and inhibiting GSK3ββ. Activation of mTORC1 or its effector S6K1 alone can only slightly promote axon regeneration, whereas blocking mTORC1 significantly prevent axon regeneration, suggesting the necessary role of mTORC1 in axon regeneration. However, mTORC1/S6K1-mediated feedback inhibition prevents potent AKT activation, which suggests a key permissive signal from an unidentified AKT-independent pathway is required for stimulating the neuron-intrinsic growth machinery. Future studies into this complex neuron-intrinsic balancing mechanism involving necessary and permissive signals for axon regeneration is likely to lead eventually to safe and effective regenerative strategies for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dakai Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Scala F, Nenov MN, Crofton EJ, Singh AK, Folorunso O, Zhang Y, Chesson BC, Wildburger NC, James TF, Alshammari MA, Alshammari TK, Elfrink H, Grassi C, Kasper JM, Smith AE, Hommel JD, Lichti CF, Rudra JS, D'Ascenzo M, Green TA, Laezza F. Environmental Enrichment and Social Isolation Mediate Neuroplasticity of Medium Spiny Neurons through the GSK3 Pathway. Cell Rep 2018; 23:555-567. [PMID: 29642012 PMCID: PMC6150488 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience and vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders are linked to molecular changes underlying excitability that are still poorly understood. Here, we identify glycogen-synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6 as regulators of neuroplasticity induced by environmentally enriched (EC) or isolated (IC) conditions-models for resilience and vulnerability. Transcriptomic studies in the nucleus accumbens from EC and IC rats predicted low levels of GSK3β and SCN8A mRNA as a protective phenotype associated with reduced excitability in medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In vivo genetic manipulations demonstrate that GSK3β and Nav1.6 are molecular determinants of MSN excitability and that silencing of GSK3β prevents maladaptive plasticity of IC MSNs. In vitro studies reveal direct interaction of GSK3β with Nav1.6 and phosphorylation at Nav1.6T1936 by GSK3β. A GSK3β-Nav1.6T1936 competing peptide reduces MSNs excitability in IC, but not EC rats. These results identify GSK3β regulation of Nav1.6 as a biosignature of MSNs maladaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Crofton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Brent C Chesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Norelle C Wildburger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Thomas F James
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Studies Abroad Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani K Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Studies Abroad Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannah Elfrink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Bench Tutorials Program: Scientific Research and Design, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - James M Kasper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Ashley E Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Cell Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hommel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | - Thomas A Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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Kath C, Goni-Oliver P, Müller R, Schultz C, Haucke V, Eickholt B, Schmoranzer J. PTEN suppresses axon outgrowth by down-regulating the level of detyrosinated microtubules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193257. [PMID: 29617365 PMCID: PMC5884485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the phospholipid phosphatase and tumor suppressor PTEN leads to excessive polarized cell growth during directed cell migration and neurite outgrowth. These processes require the precise regulation of both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. While PTEN is known to regulate actin dynamics through phospholipid modulation, whether and how PTEN regulates microtubule dynamics is unknown. Here, we show that depletion of PTEN leads to elevated levels of stable and post-translationally modified (detyrosinated) microtubules in fibroblasts and developing neurons. Further, PTEN depletion enhanced axon outgrowth, which was rescued by reducing the level of detyrosinated microtubules. These data demonstrate a novel role of PTEN in regulating the microtubule cytoskeleton. They further show a novel function of detyrosinated microtubules in axon outgrowth. Specifically, PTEN suppresses axon outgrowth by down-regulating the level of detyrosinated microtubules. Our results suggest that PTEN's role in preventing excessive cell growth in cancerous and neurodevelopmental phenotypes is partially exerted by stabilization and detyrosination of the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kath
- Charité –Universtiätsmedizin, Virchowweg 6, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Müller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Charité –Universtiätsmedizin, Virchowweg 6, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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44
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Sherman SP, Bang AG. High-throughput screen for compounds that modulate neurite growth of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.031906. [PMID: 29361516 PMCID: PMC5894944 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of technology platforms to perform compound screens of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons with relatively high throughput is essential to realize their potential for drug discovery. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-throughput screening of hiPSC-derived neurons using a high-content, image-based approach focused on neurite growth, a process that is fundamental to formation of neural networks and nerve regeneration. From a collection of 4421 bioactive small molecules, we identified 108 hit compounds, including 37 approved drugs, that target molecules or pathways known to regulate neurite growth, as well as those not previously associated with this process. These data provide evidence that many pathways and targets known to play roles in neurite growth have similar activities in hiPSC-derived neurons that can be identified in an unbiased phenotypic screen. The data also suggest that hiPSC-derived neurons provide a useful system to study the mechanisms of action and off-target activities of the approved drugs identified as hits, leading to a better understanding of their clinical efficacy and toxicity, especially in the context of specific human genetic backgrounds. Finally, the hit set we report constitutes a sublibrary of approved drugs and tool compounds that modulate neurites. This sublibrary will be invaluable for phenotypic analyses and interrogation of hiPSC-based disease models as probes for defining phenotypic differences and cellular vulnerabilities in patient versus control cells, as well as for investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying human neurite growth in development and maintenance of neuronal networks, and nerve regeneration. Summary: High-throughput, small molecule screening of hiPSC-derived neurons using a high-content, image-based approach focused on neurite growth identified hit compounds, including approved drugs, which target molecules or pathways known to regulate neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Sherman
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne G Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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45
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A partnership with the proteasome; the destructive nature of GSK3. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 147:77-92. [PMID: 29102676 PMCID: PMC5954166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3) was originally reported as a key enzyme of glucose homeostasis through regulation of the rate of glycogen synthesis. It has subsequently been found to influence most cellular processes, including growth, differentiation and death, as part of its role in modulating response to hormonal, nutritional and cellular stress stimuli. More than 100 protein targets for GSK3 have been proposed although only a small fraction of these have been convincingly validated in physiological cell systems. The effects of GSK3 phosphorylation on substrates include alteration of enzyme activity, protein localisation, protein:protein interaction and protein stability. This latter form of regulation of GSK3 substrates is the focus of this review. There is an ever-growing list of GSK3 substrates that upon phosphorylation are targeted to the beta-transducin repeat containing protein (β-TrCP), thereby allowing ubiquitination of bound protein by cullin-1 and so initiating destruction at the proteasome. We propose the existence of a GSK3-β-TrCP ‘destruction hit-list’ that allows co-ordinated removal (or stabilisation) of a set of proteins with a common physiological purpose, through control of GSK3. We identify 29 proteins where there is relatively strong evidence for regulation by a GSK3-β-TrCP axis and note common features of regulation and pathophysiology. Furthermore, we assess the potential of pre-phosphorylation (priming) of these targets (normally a prerequisite for GSK3 recognition) to provide a second layer of regulation delineated by the priming kinase that allows GSK3 to mark them for destruction. Finally, we discuss whether this knowledge improves options for therapeutic intervention.
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46
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Cyclic Nucleotide Control of Microtubule Dynamics for Axon Guidance. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5636-49. [PMID: 27194341 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3596-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Graded distribution of intracellular second messengers, such as Ca(2+) and cyclic nucleotides, mediates directional cell migration, including axon navigational responses to extracellular guidance cues, in the developing nervous system. Elevated concentrations of cAMP or cGMP on one side of the neuronal growth cone induce its attractive or repulsive turning, respectively. Although effector processes downstream of Ca(2+) have been extensively studied, very little is known about the mechanisms that enable cyclic nucleotides to steer migrating cells. Here, we show that asymmetric cyclic nucleotide signaling across the growth cone mediates axon guidance via modulating microtubule dynamics and membrane organelle transport. In embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture, contact of an extending microtubule with the growth cone leading edge induces localized membrane protrusion at the site of microtubule contact. Such a contact-induced protrusion requires exocytosis of vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7)-positive vesicles that have been transported centrifugally along the microtubule. We found that the two cyclic nucleotides counteractively regulate the frequency of microtubule contacts and targeted delivery of VAMP7 vesicles: cAMP stimulates and cGMP inhibits these events, thereby steering the growth cone in the opposite directions. By contrast, Ca(2+) signals elicit no detectable change in either microtubule contacts or VAMP7 vesicle delivery during Ca(2+)-induced growth cone turning. Our findings clearly demonstrate growth cone steering machinery downstream of cyclic nucleotide signaling and highlight a crucial role of dynamic microtubules in leading-edge protrusion for cell chemotaxis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developing neurons can extend long axons toward their postsynaptic targets. The tip of each axon, called the growth cone, recognizes extracellular guidance cues and navigates the axon along the correct path. Here we show that asymmetric cyclic nucleotide signaling across the growth cone mediates axon guidance through localized regulation of microtubule dynamics and resulting recruitment of specific populations of membrane vesicles to the growth cone's leading edge. Remarkably, cAMP stimulates microtubule growth and membrane protrusion, whereas cGMP promotes microtubule retraction and membrane senescence, explaining the opposite directional polarities of growth cone turning induced by these cyclic nucleotides. This study reveals a novel microtubule-based mechanism through which cyclic nucleotides polarize the growth cone steering machinery for bidirectional axon guidance.
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Zempel H, Dennissen FJA, Kumar Y, Luedtke J, Biernat J, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E. Axodendritic sorting and pathological missorting of Tau are isoform-specific and determined by axon initial segment architecture. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12192-12207. [PMID: 28536263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular mislocalization of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Six Tau isoforms, differentiated by the presence or absence of a second repeat or of N-terminal inserts, exist in the human CNS, but their physiological and pathological differences have long remained elusive. Here, we investigated the properties and distributions of human and rodent Tau isoforms in primary forebrain rodent neurons. We found that the Tau diffusion barrier (TDB), located within the axon initial segment (AIS), controls retrograde (axon-to-soma) and anterograde (soma-to-axon) traffic of Tau. Tau isoforms without the N-terminal inserts were sorted efficiently into the axon. However, the longest isoform (2N4R-Tau) was partially retained in cell bodies and dendrites, where it accelerated spine and dendrite growth. The TDB (located within the AIS) was impaired when AIS components (ankyrin G, EB1) were knocked down or when glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β; an AD-associated kinase tethered to the AIS) was overexpressed. Using superresolution nanoscopy and live-cell imaging, we observed that microtubules within the AIS appeared highly dynamic, a feature essential for the TDB. Pathomechanistically, amyloid-β insult caused cofilin activation and F-actin remodeling and decreased microtubule dynamics in the AIS. Concomitantly with these amyloid-β-induced disruptions, the AIS/TDB sorting function failed, causing AD-like Tau missorting. In summary, we provide evidence that the human and rodent Tau isoforms differ in axodendritic sorting and amyloid-β-induced missorting and that the axodendritic distribution of Tau depends on AIS integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Zempel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frank J A Dennissen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yatender Kumar
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Luedtke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacek Biernat
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Armijo-Weingart L, Gallo G. It takes a village to raise a branch: Cellular mechanisms of the initiation of axon collateral branches. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:36-47. [PMID: 28359843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of axon collateral branches from the pre-existing shafts of axons is an important aspect of neurodevelopment and the response of the nervous system to injury. This article provides an overview of the role of the cytoskeleton and signaling mechanisms in the formation of axon collateral branches. Both the actin filament and microtubule components of the cytoskeleton are required for the formation of axon branches. Recent work has begun to shed light on how these two elements of the cytoskeleton are integrated by proteins that functionally or physically link the cytoskeleton. While a number of signaling pathways have been determined as having a role in the formation of axon branches, the complexity of the downstream mechanisms and links to specific signaling pathways remain to be fully determined. The regulation of intra-axonal protein synthesis and organelle function are also emerging as components of signal-induced axon branching. Although much has been learned in the last couple of decades about the mechanistic basis of axon branching we can look forward to continue elucidating this complex biological phenomenon with the aim of understanding how multiple signaling pathways, cytoskeletal regulators and organelles are coordinated locally along the axon to give rise to a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Armijo-Weingart
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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49
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Shafi O. Inverse relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:236. [PMID: 27875990 PMCID: PMC5120447 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AD etiology is yet not properly known. Interactions among environmental factors, multiple susceptibility genes and aging, contribute to AD. This study investigates the factors that play role in causing AD and how changes in cellular pathways contribute to AD. Methods PUBMED database, MEDLINE database and Google Scholar were searched with no date restrictions for published articles involving cellular pathways with roles in cancers, cell survival, growth, proliferation, development, aging, and also contributing to Alzheimer’s disease. This research explores inverse relationship between AD and cancer, also investigates other factors behind AD using several already published research literature to find the etiology of AD. Results Cancer and Alzheimer’s disease have inverse relationship in many aspects such as P53, estrogen, neurotrophins and growth factors, growth and proliferation, cAMP, EGFR, Bcl-2, apoptosis pathways, IGF-1, HSV, TDP-43, APOE variants, notch signals and presenilins, NCAM, TNF alpha, PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, telomerase, ROS, ACE levels. AD occurs when brain neurons have weakened growth, cell survival responses, maintenance mechanisms, weakened anti-stress responses such as Vimentin, Carbonic anhydrases, HSPs, SAPK. In cancer, these responses are upregulated and maintained. Evolutionarily conserved responses and maintenance mechanisms such as FOXO are impaired in AD. Countermeasures or compensatory mechanisms by AD affected neurons such as Tau, Beta Amyloid, S100, are last attempts for survival which may be protective for certain time, or can speed up AD in Alzheimer’s microenvironment via C-ABL activation, GSK3, neuro-inflammation. Conclusions Alzheimer’s disease and Cancer have inverse relationship; many factors that are upregulated in any cancer to sustain growth and survival are downregulated in Alzheimer’s disease contributing to neuro-degeneration. When aged neurons or genetically susceptible neurons have weakened growth, cell survival and anti-stress responses, age related gene expression changes, altered regulation of cell death and maintenance mechanisms, they contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Countermeasures by AD neurons such as Beta Amyloid Plaques, NFTs, S100, are last attempts for survival and this provides neuroprotection for certain time and ultimately may become pathological and speed up AD. This study may contribute in developing new potential diagnostic tests, interventions and treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0765-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
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50
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Perez-Branguli F, Zagar Y, Shanley DK, Graef IA, Chédotal A, Mitchell KJ. Reverse Signaling by Semaphorin-6A Regulates Cellular Aggregation and Neuronal Morphology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158686. [PMID: 27392094 PMCID: PMC4938514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane semaphorin, Sema6A, has important roles in axon guidance, cell migration and neuronal connectivity in multiple regions of the nervous system, mediated by context-dependent interactions with plexin receptors, PlxnA2 and PlxnA4. Here, we demonstrate that Sema6A can also signal cell-autonomously, in two modes, constitutively, or in response to higher-order clustering mediated by either PlxnA2-binding or chemically induced multimerisation. Sema6A activation stimulates recruitment of Abl to the cytoplasmic domain of Sema6A and phos¡phorylation of this cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, as well as phosphorylation of additional cytoskeletal regulators. Sema6A reverse signaling affects the surface area and cellular complexity of non-neuronal cells and aggregation and neurite formation of primary neurons in vitro. Sema6A also interacts with PlxnA2 in cis, which reduces binding by PlxnA2 of Sema6A in trans but not vice versa. These experiments reveal the complex nature of Sema6A biochemical functions and the molecular logic of the context-dependent interactions between Sema6A and PlxnA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Perez-Branguli
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S968, CNRS_UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Daniel K. Shanley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Isabella A. Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S968, CNRS_UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Kevin J. Mitchell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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