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Abd Razak NH, Idris J, Hassan NH, Zaini F, Muhamad N, Daud MF. Unveiling the Role of Schwann Cell Plasticity in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10785. [PMID: 39409114 PMCID: PMC11476695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes that affects a significant proportion of diabetic patients worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of DPN involves axonal atrophy and demyelination, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Current research has predominantly focused on neuronal damage, overlooking the potential contributions of Schwann cells, which are the predominant glial cells in the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells play a critical role in neurodevelopment, neurophysiology, and nerve regeneration. This review highlights the emerging understanding of the involvement of Schwann cells in DPN pathogenesis. This review explores the potential role of Schwann cell plasticity as an underlying cellular and molecular mechanism in the development of DPN. Understanding the interplay between Schwann cell plasticity and diabetes could reveal novel strategies for the treatment and management of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Husna Abd Razak
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.R.); (J.I.); (N.H.H.)
| | - Jalilah Idris
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.R.); (J.I.); (N.H.H.)
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.R.); (J.I.); (N.H.H.)
| | - Fazlin Zaini
- Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), No. 3, Jalan Greentown, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia; (F.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Noorzaid Muhamad
- Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), No. 3, Jalan Greentown, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia; (F.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Muhammad Fauzi Daud
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.R.); (J.I.); (N.H.H.)
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2
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Tseropoulos G, Mehrotra P, Podder AK, Wilson E, Zhang Y, Wang J, Koontz A, Gao NP, Gunawan R, Liu S, Feltri LM, Bronner ME, Andreadis ST. Immobilized NRG1 Accelerates Neural Crest like Cell Differentiation Toward Functional Schwann Cells Through Sustained Erk1/2 Activation and YAP/TAZ Nuclear Translocation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402607. [PMID: 38952126 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Neural Crest cells (NC) are a multipotent cell population that give rise to a multitude of cell types including Schwann cells (SC) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Immature SC interact with neuronal axons via the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ligand present on the neuronal surface and ultimately form the myelin sheath. Multiple attempts to derive functional SC from pluripotent stem cells have met challenges with respect to expression of mature markers and axonal sorting. Here, they hypothesized that sustained signaling from immobilized NRG1 (iNRG1) might enhance the differentiation of NC derived from glabrous neonatal epidermis towards a SC phenotype. Using this strategy, NC derived SC expressed mature markers to similar levels as compared to explanted rat sciatic SC. Signaling studies revealed that sustained NRG1 signaling led to yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) activation and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, NC derived SC on iNRG1 exhibited mature SC function as they aligned with rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in an in vitro coculture model; and most notably, aligned on neuronal axons upon implantation in a chick embryo model in vivo. Taken together their work demonstrated the importance of signaling dynamics in SC differentiation, aiming towards development of drug testing platforms for de-myelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tseropoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Pihu Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Ashis Kumer Podder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Emma Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Alison Koontz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91126, USA
| | - Nan Papili Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Rudiyanto Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Laura M Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91126, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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Qiu Q, Hu B. Editorial: 15 years of frontiers in cellular neuroscience: myelination and remyelination processes. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1463579. [PMID: 39185340 PMCID: PMC11341452 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1463579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Qiu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Sohn EJ, Park KT. Transcriptional genes of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A in sciatic nerve injuries by bioinformatics. Neuroreport 2024; 35:771-779. [PMID: 38935077 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that autophagy is activated in response to nerve damage and occurs simultaneously with the initial stages of Schwann cell-mediated demyelination. Although several studies have reported that macroautophagy is involved in the peripheral nerve, the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has not yet been investigated in peripheral nerve injury. The present study investigates the role of CMA in the sciatic nerve. Using a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, the authors employed immunofluorescence analysis to observe the expression of LAMP2A, a critical marker for CMA. RNA sequencing was performed to observe the transcriptional profile of Lamp2a in Schwann cells. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to observe the hub genes associated with Lamp2a . Expression of Lamp2a , a key gene in CMA, increased following sciatic nerve injury, based on an immunofluorescence assay. To identify differentially expressed genes using Lamp2a , RNA sequence analysis was conducted using rat Schwann cells overexpressing Lamp2a . The nine hub genes ( Snrpf, Polr1d, Snip1, Aqr, Polr2h, Ssbp1, Mterf3, Adcy6 , and Sbds ) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Functional analysis revealed that Lamp2a overexpression affected the transcription levels of genes associated with mitotic spindle organization and mRNA splicing via the spliceosome. In addition, Polr1d and Snrpf1 were downregulated throughout postnatal development but elevated following sciatic nerve injury, according to a bioinformatics study. CMA may be an integral pathway in sciatic nerve injury via mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Kimhae-si
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kun-Taek Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Kimhae-si
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Otani Y, Katayama H, Zhu Y, Huang R, Shigehira T, Shien K, Suzawa K, Yamamoto H, Shien T, Toyooka S, Fujimura A. Adrenergic microenvironment driven by cancer-associated Schwann cells contributes to chemoresistance in patients with lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2333-2345. [PMID: 38676373 PMCID: PMC11247558 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX)-positive neural progenitor-like cells are purported components of the cancer microenvironment. The number of DCX-positive cells in tissues reportedly correlates with cancer progression; however, little is known about the mechanism by which these cells affect cancer progression. Here we demonstrated that DCX-positive cells, which are found in all major histological subtypes of lung cancer, are cancer-associated Schwann cells (CAS) and contribute to the chemoresistance of lung cancer cells by establishing an adrenergic microenvironment. Mechanistically, the activation of the Hippo transducer YAP/TAZ was involved in the acquisition of new traits of CAS and DCX positivity. We further revealed that CAS express catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and synthesize adrenaline, which potentiates the chemoresistance of lung cancer cells through the activation of YAP/TAZ. Our findings shed light on CAS, which drive the formation of an adrenergic microenvironment by the reciprocal regulation of YAP/TAZ in lung cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haruyoshi Katayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yidan Zhu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rongsheng Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Takafumi Shigehira
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujimura
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Najafi H, Farahavar G, Jafari M, Abolmaali SS, Azarpira N, Tamaddon AM. Harnessing the Potential of Self-Assembled Peptide Hydrogels for Neural Regeneration and Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300534. [PMID: 38547473 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurosurgery procedures usually lead to neural tissue damage. Self-assembled peptide (SAP) hydrogels, a type of innovative hierarchical nanofiber-forming peptide sequences serving as hydrogelators, have emerged as a promising solution for repairing tissue defects and promoting neural tissue regeneration. SAPs possess numerous features, such as adaptable morphologies, biocompatibility, injectability, tunable mechanical stability, and mimicking of the native extracellular matrix. This review explores the capacity of neural cell regeneration and examines the critical aspects of SAPs in neuroregeneration, including their biochemical composition, topology, mechanical behavior, conductivity, and degradability. Additionally, it delves into the latest strategies involving SAPs for central or peripheral neural tissue engineering. Finally, the prospects of SAP hydrogel design and development in the realm of neuroregeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Ghazal Farahavar
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71937-11351, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
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7
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Wei C, Guo Y, Ci Z, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Advances of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve regeneration: From mechanism to cell therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116645. [PMID: 38729050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) frequently occur due to various factors, including mechanical trauma such as accidents or tool-related incidents, as well as complications arising from diseases like tumor resection. These injuries frequently result in persistent numbness, impaired motor and sensory functions, neuropathic pain, or even paralysis, which can impose a significant financial burden on patients due to outcomes that often fall short of expectations. The most frequently employed clinical treatment for PNIs involves either direct sutures of the severed ends or bridging the proximal and distal stumps using autologous nerve grafts. However, autologous nerve transplantation may result in sensory and motor functional loss at the donor site, as well as neuroma formation and scarring. Transplantation of Schwann cells/Schwann cell-like cells has emerged as a promising cellular therapy to reconstruct the microenvironment and facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration. In this review, we summarize the role of Schwann cells and recent advances in Schwann cell therapy in peripheral nerve regeneration. We summarize current techniques used in cell therapy, including cell injection, 3D-printed scaffolds for cell delivery, cell encapsulation techniques, as well as the cell types employed in experiments, experimental models, and research findings. At the end of the paper, we summarize the challenges and advantages of various cells (including ESCs, iPSCs, and BMSCs) in clinical cell therapy. Our goal is to provide the theoretical and experimental basis for future treatments targeting peripheral nerves, highlighting the potential of cell therapy and tissue engineering as invaluable resources for promoting nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Wei
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Ci
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mucong Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Grit JL, McGee LE, Tovar EA, Essenburg CJ, Wolfrum E, Beddows I, Williams K, Sheridan RTC, Schipper JL, Adams M, Arumugam M, Vander Woude T, Gurunathan S, Field JM, Wulfkuhle J, Petricoin EF, Graveel CR, Steensma MR. p53 modulates kinase inhibitor resistance and lineage plasticity in NF1-related MPNSTs. Oncogene 2024; 43:1411-1430. [PMID: 38480916 PMCID: PMC11068581 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are chemotherapy resistant sarcomas that are a leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Although NF1-related MPNSTs derive from neural crest cell origin, they also exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity. TP53 mutations are associated with significantly decreased survival in MPNSTs, however the mechanisms underlying TP53-mediated therapy responses are unclear in the context of NF1-deficiency. We evaluated the role of two commonly altered genes, MET and TP53, in kinome reprograming and cellular differentiation in preclinical MPNST mouse models. We previously showed that MET amplification occurs early in human MPNST progression and that Trp53 loss abrogated MET-addiction resulting in MET inhibitor resistance. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of therapy resistance whereby p53 alters MET stability, localization, and downstream signaling leading to kinome reprogramming and lineage plasticity. Trp53 loss also resulted in a shift from RAS/ERK to AKT signaling and enhanced sensitivity to MEK and mTOR inhibition. In response to MET, MEK and mTOR inhibition, we observed broad and heterogeneous activation of key differentiation genes in Trp53-deficient lines suggesting Trp53 loss also impacts lineage plasticity in MPNSTs. These results demonstrate the mechanisms by which p53 loss alters MET dependency and therapy resistance in MPNSTS through kinome reprogramming and phenotypic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Grit
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lauren E McGee
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tovar
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Curt J Essenburg
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Kaitlin Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Joshua L Schipper
- Flow Cytometry Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marie Adams
- Genomics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Menusha Arumugam
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Thomas Vander Woude
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Sharavana Gurunathan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Field
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Carrie R Graveel
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Corewell Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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Zhou W, Rahman MSU, Sun C, Li S, Zhang N, Chen H, Han CC, Xu S, Liu Y. Perspectives on the Novel Multifunctional Nerve Guidance Conduits: From Specific Regenerative Procedures to Motor Function Rebuilding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307805. [PMID: 37750196 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury potentially destroys the quality of life by inducing functional movement disorders and sensory capacity loss, which results in severe disability and substantial psychological, social, and financial burdens. Autologous nerve grafting has been commonly used as treatment in the clinic; however, its rare donor availability limits its application. A series of artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with advanced architectures are also proposed to promote injured peripheral nerve regeneration, which is a complicated process from axon sprouting to targeted muscle reinnervation. Therefore, exploring the interactions between sophisticated NGC complexes and versatile cells during each process including axon sprouting, Schwann cell dedifferentiation, nerve myelination, and muscle reinnervation is necessary. This review highlights the contribution of functional NGCs and the influence of microscale biomaterial architecture on biological processes of nerve repair. Progressive NGCs with chemical molecule induction, heterogenous topographical morphology, electroactive, anisotropic assembly microstructure, and self-powered electroactive and magnetic-sensitive NGCs are also collected, and they are expected to be pioneering features in future multifunctional and effective NGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education Guangdong province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chengmei Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education Guangdong province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nuozi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Charles C Han
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Bhat K, Hanke L, Helmholz H, Quandt E, Pixley S, Willumeit-Römer R. Influence of Magnesium Degradation on Schwannoma Cell Responses to Nerve Injury Using an In Vitro Injury Model. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:88. [PMID: 38667545 PMCID: PMC11050989 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits for peripheral nerve injuries can be improved using bioactive materials such as magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, which could provide both structural and trophic support. Therefore, we investigated whether exposure to Mg and Mg-1.6wt%Li thin films (Mg/Mg-1.6Li) would alter acute Schwann cell responses to injury. Using the RT4-D6P2T Schwannoma cell line (SCs), we tested extracts from freeze-killed cells (FKC) and nerves (FKN) as in vitro injury stimulants. Both FKC and FKN induced SC release of the macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), a marker of the repair SC phenotype after injury. Next, FKC-stimulated cells exposed to Mg/Mg-1.6Li reduced MCP-1 release by 30%, suggesting that these materials could have anti-inflammatory effects. Exposing FKC-treated cells to Mg/Mg-1.6Li reduced the gene expression of the nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and myelin protein zero (MPZ), but not the p75 neurotrophin receptor. In the absence of FKC, Mg/Mg-1.6Li treatment increased the expression of NGF, p75, and MPZ, which can be beneficial to nerve regeneration. Thus, the presence of Mg can differentially alter SCs, depending on the microenvironment. These results demonstrate the applicability of this in vitro nerve injury model, and that Mg has wide-ranging effects on the repair SC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krathika Bhat
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Lisa Hanke
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Eckhard Quandt
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Pixley
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, USA
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11
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Gordon T. Brief Electrical Stimulation Promotes Recovery after Surgical Repair of Injured Peripheral Nerves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:665. [PMID: 38203836 PMCID: PMC10779324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their axons in contrast to those in the central nervous system. Yet, functional recovery after surgical repair is often disappointing. The basis for poor recovery is progressive deterioration with time and distance of the growth capacity of the neurons that lose their contact with targets (chronic axotomy) and the growth support of the chronically denervated Schwann cells (SC) in the distal nerve stumps. Nonetheless, chronically denervated atrophic muscle retains the capacity for reinnervation. Declining electrical activity of motoneurons accompanies the progressive fall in axotomized neuronal and denervated SC expression of regeneration-associated-genes and declining regenerative success. Reduced motoneuronal activity is due to the withdrawal of synaptic contacts from the soma. Exogenous neurotrophic factors that promote nerve regeneration can replace the endogenous factors whose expression declines with time. But the profuse axonal outgrowth they provoke and the difficulties in their delivery hinder their efficacy. Brief (1 h) low-frequency (20 Hz) electrical stimulation (ES) proximal to the injury site promotes the expression of endogenous growth factors and, in turn, dramatically accelerates axon outgrowth and target reinnervation. The latter ES effect has been demonstrated in both rats and humans. A conditioning ES of intact nerve days prior to nerve injury increases axonal outgrowth and regeneration rate. Thereby, this form of ES is amenable for nerve transfer surgeries and end-to-side neurorrhaphies. However, additional surgery for applying the required electrodes may be a hurdle. ES is applicable in all surgeries with excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gordon
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 1X8, Canada
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12
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Daboussi L, Costaguta G, Gullo M, Jasinski N, Pessino V, O'Leary B, Lettieri K, Driscoll S, Pfaff SL. Mitf is a Schwann cell sensor of axonal integrity that drives nerve repair. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113282. [PMID: 38007688 PMCID: PMC11034927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells respond to acute axon damage by transiently transdifferentiating into specialized repair cells that restore sensorimotor function. However, the molecular systems controlling repair cell formation and function are not well defined, and consequently, it is unclear whether this form of cellular plasticity has a role in peripheral neuropathies. Here, we identify Mitf as a transcriptional sensor of axon damage under the control of Nrg-ErbB-PI3K-PI5K-mTorc2 signaling. Mitf regulates a core transcriptional program for generating functional repair Schwann cells following injury and during peripheral neuropathies caused by CMT4J and CMT4D. In the absence of Mitf, core genes for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metabolism, and dedifferentiation are misexpressed, and nerve repair is disrupted. Our findings demonstrate that Schwann cells monitor axonal health using a phosphoinositide signaling system that controls Mitf nuclear localization, which is critical for activating cellular plasticity and counteracting neural disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Daboussi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giancarlo Costaguta
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Miriam Gullo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Jasinski
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Veronica Pessino
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brendan O'Leary
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen Lettieri
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shawn Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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13
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Libberecht K, Vangansewinkel T, Van Den Bosch L, Lambrichts I, Wolfs E. Proteostasis plays an important role in demyelinating Charcot Marie Tooth disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115760. [PMID: 37604292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT1) is the most common demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Patients suffer from progressive muscle weakness and sensory problems. The underlying disease mechanisms of CMT1 are still unclear and no therapy is currently available, hence patients completely rely on supportive care. Balancing protein levels is a complex multistep process fundamental to maintain cells in their healthy state and a disrupted proteostasis is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. When protein misfolding occurs, protein quality control systems are activated such as chaperones, the lysosomal-autophagy system and proteasomal degradation to ensure proper degradation. However, in pathological circumstances, these mechanisms are overloaded and thereby become inefficient to clear the load of misfolded proteins. Recent evidence strongly indicates that a disbalance in proteostasis plays an important role in several forms of CMT1. In this review, we present an overview of the protein quality control systems, their role in CMT1, and potential treatment strategies to restore proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Libberecht
- UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Lab for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells (FIERCELab), Diepenbeek, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Lab for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells (FIERCELab), Diepenbeek, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Lab for Histology and Regeneration (HISTOREGEN Lab), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Lab for Histology and Regeneration (HISTOREGEN Lab), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Lab for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells (FIERCELab), Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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14
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McLean DT, Meudt JJ, Lopez Rivera LD, Schomberg DT, Pavelec DM, Duellman TT, Buehler DG, Schwartz PB, Graham M, Lee LM, Graff KD, Reichert JL, Bon-Durant SS, Konsitzke CM, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Shanmuganayagam D, Rubinstein CD. Single-cell RNA sequencing of neurofibromas reveals a tumor microenvironment favorable for neural regeneration and immune suppression in a neurofibromatosis type 1 porcine model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1253659. [PMID: 37817770 PMCID: PMC10561395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1253659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetically inherited disorders that affects 1 in 3000 children annually. Clinical manifestations vary widely but nearly always include the development of cutaneous, plexiform and diffuse neurofibromas that are managed over many years. Recent single-cell transcriptomics profiling efforts of neurofibromas have begun to reveal cell signaling processes. However, the cell signaling networks in mature, non-cutaneous neurofibromas remain unexplored. Here, we present insights into the cellular composition and signaling within mature neurofibromas, contrasting with normal adjacent tissue, in a porcine model of NF1 using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis and histopathological characterization. These neurofibromas exhibited classic diffuse-type histologic morphology and expected patterns of S100, SOX10, GFAP, and CD34 immunohistochemistry. The porcine mature neurofibromas closely resemble human neurofibromas histologically and contain all known cellular components of their human counterparts. The scRNA-seq confirmed the presence of all expected cell types within these neurofibromas and identified novel populations of fibroblasts and immune cells, which may contribute to the tumor microenvironment by suppressing inflammation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, increasing fibrosis, and driving the proliferation of Schwann cells. Notably, we identified tumor-associated IDO1 +/CD274+ (PD-L1) + dendritic cells, which represent the first such observation in any NF1 animal model and suggest the role of the upregulation of immune checkpoints in mature neurofibromas. Finally, we observed that cell types in the tumor microenvironment are poised to promote immune evasion, extracellular matrix reconstruction, and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T. McLean
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Loren D. Lopez Rivera
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dominic T. Schomberg
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Derek M. Pavelec
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler T. Duellman
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Darya G. Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patrick B. Schwartz
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa Graham
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura M. Lee
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keri D. Graff
- Swine Research and Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jamie L. Reichert
- Swine Research and Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra S. Bon-Durant
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charles M. Konsitzke
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sean M. Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Biomedical Swine Research and Innovation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - C. Dustin Rubinstein
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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15
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Lin H. Research progress on the reduced neural repair ability of aging Schwann cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1228282. [PMID: 37545880 PMCID: PMC10398339 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1228282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is associated with delayed repair of the injured nerves in elderly patients, resulting in loss of nerve function, chronic pain, muscle atrophy, and permanent disability. Therefore, the mechanism underlying the delayed repair of peripheral nerves in aging patients should be investigated. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in repairing PNI and regulating various nerve-repair genes after injury. SCs also promote peripheral nerve repair through various modalities, including mediating nerve demyelination, secreting neurotrophic factors, establishing Büngner bands, clearing axon and myelin debris, and promoting axon remyelination. However, aged SCs undergo structural and functional changes, leading to demyelination and dedifferentiation disorders, decreased secretion of neurotrophic factors, impaired clearance of axonal and myelin debris, and reduced capacity for axon remyelination. As a result, aged SCs may result in delayed repair of nerves after injury. This review article aimed to examine the mechanism underlying the diminished neural repair ability of aging SCs.
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16
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Malik T, Malik A, Abd-Elsayed A. Pathophysiology of Work-Related Neuropathies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1745. [PMID: 37371842 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Work-related injuries are common. The cost of these injuries is around USD 176 billion to USD 350 billion a year. A significant number of work-related injuries involve nerve damage or dysfunction. Injuries may heal with full recovery of function, but those involving nerve damage may result in significant loss of function or very prolonged recovery. While many factors can predispose a person to suffer nerve damage, in most cases, it is a multifactorial issue that involves both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This makes preventing work-related injuries hard. To date, no evidence-based guidelines are available to clinicians to evaluate work-related nerve dysfunction. While the symptoms range from poor endurance to cramping to clear loss of motor and sensory functions, not all nerves are equally vulnerable. The common risk factors for nerve damage are a superficial location, a long course, an acute change in trajectory along the course, and coursing through tight spaces. The pathophysiology of acute nerve injury is well known, but that of chronic nerve injury is much less well understood. The two most common mechanisms of nerve injury are stretching and compression. Chronic mild to moderate compression is the most common mechanism of nerve injury and it elicits a characteristic response from Schwann cells, which is different from the one when nerve is acutely injured. It is important to gain a better understanding of work-related nerve dysfunction, both from health and from regulatory standpoints. Currently, management depends upon etiology of nerve damage, recovery is often poor if nerves are badly damaged or treatment is not instituted early. This article reviews the current pathophysiology of chronic nerve injury. Chronic nerve injury animal models have contributed a lot to our understanding but it is still not complete. Better understanding of chronic nerve injury pathology will result in identification of novel and more effective targets for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Malik
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3272, USA
| | - Ahmed Malik
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3272, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3272, USA
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17
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Guan T, Guo B, Zhang W, Qi M, Luo X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Bao T, Xu M, Liu M, Liu Y. The activation of gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor axis via sonic hedgehog signaling promotes the bridging of gapped nerves in sciatic nerve injury. J Neurochem 2023; 165:842-859. [PMID: 36971732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells play an essential role in peripheral nerve regeneration by generating a favorable microenvironment. Gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor (GIP/GIPR) axis deficiency leads to failure of sciatic nerve repair. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we surprisingly found that GIP treatment significantly enhances the migration of Schwann cells and the formation of Schwann cell cords during recovery from sciatic nerve injury in rats. We further revealed that GIP and GIPR levels in Schwann cells were low under normal conditions, and significantly increased after injury demonstrated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Wound healing and Transwell assays showed that GIP stimulation and GIPR silencing could affect Schwann cell migration. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies based on interference experiment revealed that GIP/GIPR might promote mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) activity, thus facilitating cell migration; Rap1 activation might be involved in this process. Finally, we retrieved the stimulatory factors responsible for GIPR induction after injury. The results indicate that sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a potential candidate whose expression increased upon injury. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Gli3, the target transcription factor of the SHH pathway, dramatically augmented GIPR expression. Additionally, in vivo inhibition of SHH could effectively reduce GIPR expression after sciatic nerve injury. Collectively, our study reveals the importance of GIP/GIPR signaling in Schwann cell migration, providing a therapeutic avenue toward peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuchen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Mengwei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Tiancheng Bao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
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18
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Botticelli E, Guerriero C, Fucile S, De Stefano ME, Matera C, Dallanoce C, De Amici M, Tata AM. α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors May Improve Schwann Cell Regenerating Potential via Metabotropic Signaling Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:1494. [PMID: 37296615 PMCID: PMC10253098 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwann cells (SCs) are glial cells involved in peripheral axon myelination. SCs also play a strategic role after peripheral nerve injury, regulating local inflammation and axon regeneration. Our previous studies demonstrated the presence of cholinergic receptors in SCs. In particular, the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in SCs after peripheral axotomy, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of SC-regenerating properties. To clarify the role that α7 nAChRs may play after peripheral axon damage, in this study we investigated the signal transduction pathways triggered by receptor activation and the effects produced by their activation. METHODS Both ionotropic and metabotropic cholinergic signaling were analyzed by calcium imaging and Western blot analysis, respectively, following α7 nAChR activation. In addition, the expression of c-Jun and α7 nAChRs was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Finally, the cell migration was studied by a wound healing assay. RESULTS Activation of α7 nAChRs, activated by the selective partial agonist ICH3, did not induce calcium mobilization but positively modulated the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 axis. Activation of the mTORC1 complex was also supported by the up-regulated expression of its specific p-p70 S6KThr389 target. Moreover, up-regulation of p-AMPKThr172, a negative regulator of myelination, was also observed concomitantly to an increased nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor c-Jun. Cell migration and morphology analyses proved that α7 nAChR activation also promotes SC migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that α7 nAChRs, expressed by SCs only after peripheral axon damage and/or in an inflammatory microenvironment, contribute to improve the SCs regenerating properties. Indeed, α7 nAChR stimulation leads to an upregulation of c-Jun expression and promotes Schwann cell migration by non-canonical pathways involving the mTORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Botticelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.G.); (M.E.D.S.)
| | - Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.G.); (M.E.D.S.)
| | - Sergio Fucile
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Egle De Stefano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.G.); (M.E.D.S.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.G.); (M.E.D.S.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Maita KC, Garcia JP, Avila FR, Ricardo A TG, Ho OA, Claudia C S C, Eduardo N C, Forte AJ. Evaluation of the Aging Effect on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review. J Surg Res 2023; 288:329-340. [PMID: 37060859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve injuries have been associated with increased healthcare costs and decreased patients' quality of life. Aging represents one factor that slows the speed of peripheral nervous system (PNS) regeneration. Since cellular homeostasis imbalance associated with aging lead to an increased failure in nerve regeneration in mammals of advanced age, this systematic review aims to determine the main molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve regeneration in aged murine models after a peripheral nerve injuries. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search of 4 databases was conducted in July 2022 for studies comparing the peripheral nerve regeneration capability between young and aged murine models. RESULTS After the initial search yielded 744 publications, ten articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies show that age-related changes such as chronic inflammatory state, delayed macrophages' response to injury, dysfunctional Schwann Cells (SCs), and microenvironment alterations cause a reduction in the regenerative capability of the PNS in murine models. Furthermore, identifying altered gene expression patterns of SC after nerve damage can contribute to the understanding of physiological modifications produced by aging. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between macrophages and SC plays a crucial role in the nerve regeneration of aged models. Therefore, studies aimed at developing new and promising therapies for nerve regeneration should focus on these cellular groups to enhance the regenerative capabilities of the PNS in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Maita
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John P Garcia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | | | - Olivia A Ho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Chini Claudia C S
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Chini Eduardo N
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
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20
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Ciotu CI, Kistner K, Kaindl U, Millesi F, Weiss T, Radtke C, Kremer A, Schmidt K, Fischer MJM. Schwann cell stimulation induces functional and structural changes in peripheral nerves. Glia 2023; 71:945-956. [PMID: 36495059 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal propagation is the essential function of nerves. Lysophosphatidic acid 18:1 (LPA) allows the selective stimulation of calcium signaling in Schwann cells but not neurons. Here, the time course of slowing and amplitude reduction on compound action potentials due to LPA exposure was observed in myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of the mouse, indicating a clear change of axonal function. Teased nerve fiber imaging showed that Schwann cell activation is also present in axon-attached Schwann cells in freshly isolated peripheral rat nerves. The LPA receptor 1 was primarily localized at the cell extensions in isolated rat Schwann cells, suggesting a role in cell migration. Structural investigation of rat C-fibers demonstrated that LPA leads to an evagination of the axons from their Schwann cells. In A-fibers, the nodes of Ranvier appeared unchanged, but the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures were shortened and myelination reduced. The latter might increase leak current, reducing the potential spread to the next node of Ranvier and explain the changes in conduction velocity. The observed structural changes provide a plausible explanation for the functional changes in myelinated and unmyelinated axons of peripheral nerves and the reported sensory sensations such as itch and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kaindl
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kremer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Cazzador D, Astolfi L, Daloiso A, Tealdo G, Simoni E, Mazzoni A, Zanoletti E, Marioni G. Tumor Microenvironment in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic, Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076522. [PMID: 37047498 PMCID: PMC10094882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) improved in recent years, no factors have yet been identified as being capable of predicting tumor growth. Molecular rearrangements occur in neoplasms before any macroscopic morphological changes become visible, and the former are the underlying cause of disease behavior. Tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses cellular and non-cellular elements interacting together, resulting in a complex and dynamic key of tumorigenesis, drug response, and treatment outcome. The aim of this systematic, narrative review was to assess the level of knowledge on TME implicated in the biology, behavior, and prognosis of sporadic VSs. A search (updated to November 2022) was run in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases according to the PRISMA guidelines, retrieving 624 titles. After full-text evaluation and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 37 articles were included. VS microenvironment is determined by the interplay of a dynamic ecosystem of stromal and immune cells which produce and remodel extracellular matrix, vascular networks, and promote tumor growth. However, evidence is still conflicting. Further studies will enhance our understanding of VS biology by investigating TME-related biomarkers able to predict tumor growth and recognize immunological and molecular factors that could be potential therapeutic targets for medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cazzador
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daloiso
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Edi Simoni
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzoni
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanoletti
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (G.M.)
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22
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Willows JW, Gunsch G, Paradie E, Blaszkiewicz M, Tonniges JR, Pino MF, Smith SR, Sparks LM, Townsend KL. Schwann cells contribute to demyelinating diabetic neuropathy and nerve terminal structures in white adipose tissue. iScience 2023; 26:106189. [PMID: 36895649 PMCID: PMC9989657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy, which can include axonal degeneration and/or demyelination, impacts adipose tissues with obesity, diabetes, and aging. However, the presence of demyelinating neuropathy had not yet been explored in adipose. Both demyelinating neuropathies and axonopathies implicate Schwann cells (SCs), a glial support cell that myelinates axons and contributes to nerve regeneration after injury. We performed a comprehensive assessment of SCs and myelination patterns of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) nerves, and changes across altered energy balance states. We found that mouse scWAT contains both myelinated and unmyelinated nerves and is populated by SCs, including SCs that were associated with synaptic vesicle-containing nerve terminals. BTBR ob/ob mice, a model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, exhibited small fiber demyelinating neuropathy and alterations in SC marker gene expression in adipose that were similar to obese human adipose. These data indicate that adipose SCs regulate the plasticity of tissue nerves and become dysregulated in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake W Willows
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gilian Gunsch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emma Paradie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Tonniges
- Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria F Pino
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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23
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Epithelial plasticity enhances regeneration of committed taste receptor cells following nerve injury. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:171-182. [PMID: 36631663 PMCID: PMC9833027 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste receptor cells are taste bud epithelial cells that are dependent upon the innervating nerve for continuous renewal and are maintained by resident tissue stem/progenitor cells. Transection of the innervating nerve causes degeneration of taste buds and taste receptor cells. However, a subset of the taste receptor cells is maintained without nerve contact after glossopharyngeal nerve transection in the circumvallate papilla in adult mice. Here, we revealed that injury caused by glossopharyngeal nerve transection triggers the remaining differentiated K8-positive taste receptor cells to dedifferentiate and acquire transient progenitor cell-like states during regeneration. Dedifferentiated taste receptor cells proliferate, express progenitor cell markers (K14, Sox2, PCNA) and form organoids in vitro. These data indicate that differentiated taste receptor cells can enter the cell cycle, acquire stemness, and participate in taste bud regeneration. We propose that dedifferentiated taste receptor cells in combination with stem/progenitor cells enhance the regeneration of taste buds following nerve injury.
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24
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Entezari M, Bakhtiari M, Moradi F, Mozafari M, Bagher Z, Soleimani M. Human Olfactory Ecto-mesenchymal Stem Cells Displaying Schwann-cell-like Phenotypes and Promoting Neurite Outgrowth in Vitro. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:31-42. [PMID: 37346872 PMCID: PMC10279983 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3542.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Strategies of Schwann cell (SC) transplantation for regeneration of peripheral nerve injury involve many limitations. Stem cells can be used as alternative cell source for differentiation into Schwann cells. Given the high potential of neural crest-derived stem cells for the generation of multiple cell lineages, in this research, we considered whether olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) derived from neural crest can spontaneously differentiate into SC lineage. Methods OE-MSCs were isolated from human nasal mucosa and characterized by the mesenchymal and neural crest markers. The cells were cultured in glial growth factors-free medium and further investigated in terms of the phenotypic and functional properties. Results Immunocytochemical staining and real-time PCR analysis indicated that the cultured OE-MSCs expressed SCs markers, SOX10, p75, S100, GFAP and MBP, differentiation indicative. It was found that the cells could secrete neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Furthermore, after co-cultured with PC12, the mean neurite length was enhanced by OE-MSCs. Conclusion The findings indicated that OE-MSCs could be differentiated spontaneously into SC-like phenotypes, suggesting their applications for transplantation in peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Entezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Reshamwala R, Oieni F, Shah M. Non-stem Cell Mediated Tissue Regeneration and Repair. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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26
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Hu T, Chang S, Qi F, Zhang Z, Chen J, Jiang L, Wang D, Deng C, Nie K, Xu G, Wei Z. Neural grafts containing exosomes derived from Schwann cell-like cells promote peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad013. [PMID: 37122841 PMCID: PMC10141455 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Schwann cell-like cells (SCLCs), differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, have shown promising outcomes in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries in preclinical studies. However, certain clinical obstacles limit their application. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes derived from SCLCs (SCLCs-exo) in peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods SCLCs were differentiated from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in vitro and validated by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Exosomes derived from hAMSCs (hAMSCs-exo) and SCLCs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and validated by nanoparticle tracking analysis, WB analysis and electron microscopy. A prefabricated nerve graft was used to deliver hAMSCs-exo or SCLCs-exo in an injured sciatic nerve rat model. The effects of hAMSCs-exo or SCLCs-exo on rat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) regeneration were determined based on the recovery of neurological function and histomorphometric variation. The effects of hAMSCs-exo or SCLCs-exo on Schwann cells were also determined via cell proliferation and migration assessment. Results SCLCs significantly expressed the Schwann cell markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100. Compared to hAMSCs-exo, SCLCs-exo significantly enhanced motor function recovery, attenuated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and facilitated axonal regrowth, myelin formation and angiogenesis in the rat model. Furthermore, hAMSCs-exo and SCLCs-exo were efficiently absorbed by Schwann cells. However, compared to hAMSCs-exo, SCLCs-exo significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. SCLCs-exo also significantly upregulated the expression of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, myelin positive regulators (SRY-box transcription factor 10, early growth response protein 2 and organic cation/carnitine transporter 6) and myelin proteins (myelin basic protein and myelin protein zero) in Schwann cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that SCLCs-exo can more efficiently promote PNI regeneration than hAMSCs-exo and are a potentially novel therapeutic approach for treating PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Qi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Kaiyu Nie
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | | | - Zairong Wei
- Correspondence. Guangchao Xu, ; Zairong Wei,
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27
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Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105952. [PMID: 36493976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival and participate in axonal path finding. Simultaneously, they orchestrate the architectural set up of the developing nerves, including the blood vessels and the endo-, peri- and epineurial layers. Perinatally, in rodents, SCs radially sort and subsequently myelinate individual axons larger than 1 μm in diameter, while small calibre axons become organised in non-myelinating Remak bundles. SCs have a vital role in maintaining axonal health throughout life and several specialized SC types perform essential functions at specific locations, such as terminal SC at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or SC within cutaneous sensory end organs. In addition, neural crest derived satellite glia maintain a tight communication with the soma of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons and neural crest derivatives are furthermore an indispensable part of the enteric nervous system. The remarkable plasticity of SCs becomes evident in the context of a nerve injury, where SC transdifferentiate into intriguing repair cells, which orchestrate a regenerative response that promotes nerve repair. Indeed, the multiple adaptations of SCs are captivating, but remain often ill-resolved on the molecular level. Here, we summarize and discuss the knowns and unknowns of the vast array of functions that this single cell type can cover in peripheral nervous system development, maintenance, and repair.
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28
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Furumiya T, Itokazu T, Nakanishi T, Yamashita T. CXCR4 signaling regulates repair Schwann cell infiltration into the spinal cord after spinal cord injury in mice. Neurosci Res 2022; 191:38-47. [PMID: 36592826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells that myelinate neuronal axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). When the PNS is damaged, Schwann cells de-differentiate into p75-positive "repair Schwann cells," which contribute to neural circuit regeneration. Interestingly, Schwann cells in the dorsal roots are known to be reprogrammed to repair Schwann cells even after spinal cord injury (SCI) and then migrate into the injured spinal cord. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the migration of repair Schwann cells remains unknown. Since a recent in vitro study revealed the importance of CXCR4 signaling in Schwann cell migration, we investigated whether CXCR4 signaling is involved in the PNS-to-central nervous system (CNS) migration of repair Schwann cells after SCI. We revealed that repair Schwann cells express CXCR4, and its ligand CXCL12 is upregulated in the injured spinal cord. We also found that the pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4 signaling decreased the infiltration of repair Schwann cells. Moreover, CXCR4 agonist administration effectively increased the infiltration of repair Schwann cells along with improved motor function. These findings strongly suggest the involvement of CXCR4 signaling in the PNS-to-CNS migration of repair Schwann cells after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Furumiya
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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29
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Emerging Roles of Cholinergic Receptors in Schwann Cell Development and Plasticity. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010041. [PMID: 36672549 PMCID: PMC9855772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross talk between neurons and glial cells during development, adulthood, and disease, has been extensively documented. Among the molecules mediating these interactions, neurotransmitters play a relevant role both in myelinating and non-myelinating glial cells, thus resulting as additional candidates regulating the development and physiology of the glial cells. In this review, we summarise the contribution of the main neurotransmitter receptors in the regulation of the morphogenetic events of glial cells, with particular attention paid to the role of acetylcholine receptors in Schwann cell physiology. In particular, the M2 muscarinic receptor influences Schwann cell phenotype and the α7 nicotinic receptor is emerging as influential in the modulation of peripheral nerve regeneration and inflammation. This new evidence significantly improves our knowledge of Schwann cell development and function and may contribute to identifying interesting new targets to support the activity of these cells in pathological conditions.
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30
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Zhao MY. Review: Myelin clearance is critical for regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:908148. [PMID: 36588879 PMCID: PMC9801717 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.908148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve injury occurs frequently and is a major clinical and public health problem that can lead to functional impairment and permanent disability. Despite the availability of modern diagnostic procedures and advanced microsurgical techniques, active recovery after peripheral nerve repair is often unsatisfactory. Peripheral nerve regeneration involves several critical events, including the recreation of the microenvironment and remyelination. Results from previous studies suggest that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a greater capacity for repair than the central nervous system. Thus, it will be important to understand myelin and myelination specifically in the PNS. This review provides an update on myelin biology and myelination in the PNS and discusses the mechanisms that promote myelin clearance after injury. The roles of Schwann cells and macrophages are considered at length, together with the possibility of exogenous intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiMing Yuan
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China,Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Yan Wang
| | - ShanHong Wu
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Yue Zhao
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China,Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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31
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Wu Y, Tang Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu S. Restoration of spinal cord injury: From endogenous repairing process to cellular therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1077441. [PMID: 36523818 PMCID: PMC9744968 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1077441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts neurological pathways and impacts sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve function. There is no effective treatment for SCI currently. Numerous endogenous cells, including astrocytes, macrophages/microglia, and oligodendrocyte, are involved in the histological healing process following SCI. By interfering with cells during the SCI repair process, some advancements in the therapy of SCI have been realized. Nevertheless, the endogenous cell types engaged in SCI repair and the current difficulties these cells confront in the therapy of SCI are poorly defined, and the mechanisms underlying them are little understood. In order to better understand SCI and create new therapeutic strategies and enhance the clinical translation of SCI repair, we have comprehensively listed the endogenous cells involved in SCI repair and summarized the six most common mechanisms involved in SCI repair, including limiting the inflammatory response, protecting the spared spinal cord, enhancing myelination, facilitating neovascularization, producing neurotrophic factors, and differentiating into neural/colloidal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Gueiber DC, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniele Caroline Gueiber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Paraná, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Plumbly W, Patikas N, Field SF, Foskolou S, Metzakopian E. Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100341. [PMID: 36452863 PMCID: PMC9701618 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite development of protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), those used to produce sensory neurons remain difficult to replicate and result in heterogenous populations. There is a growing clinical burden of chronic pain conditions, highlighting the need for relevant human cellular models. This study presents a hybrid differentiation method to produce nociceptive sensory neurons from hPSCs. Lines harboring an inducible NEUROG2 construct were patterned toward precursors with small molecules followed by NEUROG2 overexpression. Neurons expressed key markers, including BRN3A and ISL1, with single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing populations of nociceptors expressing SCN9A and TRP channels. Physiological profiling with multi-electrode arrays revealed that neurons responded to noxious stimuli, including capsaicin. Finally, we modeled pain-like states to identify genes and pathways involved in pain transduction. This study presents an optimized method to efficiently produce nociceptive sensory neurons and provides a tool to aid development of chronic pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sarah F. Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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Dziadkowiak E, Nowakowska-Kotas M, Budrewicz S, Koszewicz M. Pathology of Initial Axon Segments in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy and Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13621. [PMID: 36362407 PMCID: PMC9658771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is based on a combination of clinical, electrodiagnostic and laboratory features. The different entities of the disease include chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP) and autoimmune nodopathies. It is debatable whether CIDP occurring in the course of other conditions, i.e., monoclonal IgG or IgA gammopathy, should be treated as a separate disease entity from idiopathic CIDP. This study aims to evaluate the molecular differences of the nodes of Ranvier and the initial axon segment (AIS) and juxtaparanode region (JXP) as the potential cause of phenotypic variation of CIDP while also seeking new pathomechanisms since JXP is sequestered behind the paranode and autoantibodies may not access the site easily. The authors initially present the structure of the different parts of the neuron and its functional significance, then discuss the problem of whether damage to the juxtaparanodal region, Schwann cells and axons could cause CIDP or if these damages should be separated as separate disease entities. In particular, AIS's importance for modulating neural excitability and carrying out transport along the axon is highlighted. The disclosure of specific pathomechanisms, including novel target antigens, in the heterogeneous CIDP syndrome is important for diagnosing and treating these patients.
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Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
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36
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Deborde S, Gusain L, Powers A, Marcadis A, Yu Y, Chen CH, Frants A, Kao E, Tang LH, Vakiani E, Amisaki M, Balachandran VP, Calo A, Omelchenko T, Jessen KR, Reva B, Wong RJ. Reprogrammed Schwann Cells Organize into Dynamic Tracks that Promote Pancreatic Cancer Invasion. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2454-2473. [PMID: 35881881 PMCID: PMC9533012 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nerves are a component of the tumor microenvironment contributing to cancer progression, but the role of cells from nerves in facilitating cancer invasion remains poorly understood. Here we show that Schwann cells (SC) activated by cancer cells collectively function as tumor-activated Schwann cell tracks (TAST) that promote cancer cell migration and invasion. Nonmyelinating SCs form TASTs and have cell gene expression signatures that correlate with diminished survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In TASTs, dynamic SCs form tracks that serve as cancer pathways and apply forces on cancer cells to enhance cancer motility. These SCs are activated by c-Jun, analogous to their reprogramming during nerve repair. This study reveals a mechanism of cancer cell invasion that co-opts a wound repair process and exploits the ability of SCs to collectively organize into tracks. These findings establish a novel paradigm of how cancer cells spread and reveal therapeutic opportunities. SIGNIFICANCE How the tumor microenvironment participates in pancreatic cancer progression is not fully understood. Here, we show that SCs are activated by cancer cells and collectively organize into tracks that dynamically enable cancer invasion in a c-Jun-dependent manner. See related commentary by Amit and Maitra, p. 2240. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Deborde
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laxmi Gusain
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ann Powers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Marcadis
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yasong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chun-Hao Chen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Frants
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Kao
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Efsevia Vakiani
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Masataka Amisaki
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod P. Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Annalisa Calo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Kristjan R. Jessen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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37
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Smith CS, Orkwis JA, Bryan AE, Xu Z, Harris GM. The impact of physical, biochemical, and electrical signaling on Schwann cell plasticity. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151277. [PMID: 36265214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries are an ongoing health care concern. While autografts and allografts are regarded as the current clinical standard for traumatic injury, there are inherent limitations that suggest alternative remedies should be considered for therapeutic purposes. In recent years, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have become increasingly popular as surgical repair devices, with a multitude of various natural and synthetic biomaterials offering potential to enhance the design of conduits or supplant existing technologies entirely. From a cellular perspective, it has become increasingly evident that Schwann cells (SCs), the primary glia of the PNS, are a predominant factor mediating nerve regeneration. Thus, the development of severe nerve trauma therapies requires a deep understanding of how SCs interact with their environment, and how SC microenvironmental cues may be engineered to enhance regeneration. Here we review the most recent advancements in biomaterials development and cell stimulation strategies, with a specific focus on how the microenvironment influences the behavior of SCs and can potentially lead to functional repair. We focus on microenvironmental cues that modulate SC morphology, proliferation, migration, and differentiation to alternative phenotypes. Promotion of regenerative phenotypic responses in SCs and other non-neuronal cells that can augment the regenerative capacity of multiple biomaterials is considered along with innovations and technologies for traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne S Smith
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jacob A Orkwis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Andrew E Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Greg M Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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38
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Manganas P, Kavatzikidou P, Kordas A, Babaliari E, Stratakis E, Ranella A. The role of mechanobiology on the Schwann cell response: A tissue engineering perspective. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:948454. [PMID: 36035260 PMCID: PMC9399718 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.948454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), do not only form myelin sheaths thereby insulating the electrical signal propagated by the axons, but also play an essential role in the regeneration of injured axons. SCs are inextricably connected with their extracellular environment and the mechanical stimuli that are received determine their response during development, myelination and injuries. To this end, the mechanobiological response of SCs is being actively researched, as it can determine the suitability of fabricated scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. There is growing evidence that SCs are sensitive to changes in the mechanical properties of the surrounding environment (such as the type of material, its elasticity and stiffness), different topographical features provided by the environment, as well as shear stress. In this review, we explore how different mechanical stimuli affect SC behaviour and highlight the importance of exploring many different avenues when designing scaffolds for the repair of PNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanee Manganas
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Immunoengineering Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kavatzikidou
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Immunoengineering Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- Ultrafast Laser Micro and Nano Processing Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Kordas
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Immunoengineering Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Babaliari
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Immunoengineering Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- Ultrafast Laser Micro and Nano Processing Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Ultrafast Laser Micro and Nano Processing Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Immunoengineering Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- *Correspondence: Anthi Ranella
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Chu TH, Baral K, Labit E, Rosin N, Sinha S, Umansky D, Alzahrani S, Rancourt D, Biernaskie J, Midha R. Comparison of human skin- and nerve-derived Schwann cells reveals many similarities and subtle genomic and functional differences. Glia 2022; 70:2131-2156. [PMID: 35796321 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an easily accessible tissue and a rich source of Schwann cells (SCs). Toward potential clinical application of autologous SC therapies, we aim to improve the reliability and specificity of our protocol to obtain SCs from small skin samples. As well, to explore potential functional distinctions between skin-derived SCs (Sk-SCs) and nerve-derived SCs (N-SCs), we used single-cell RNA-sequencing and a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results showed that Sk-SCs expressed typical SC markers. Single-cell sequencing of Sk- and N-SCs revealed an overwhelming overlap in gene expression with the exception of HLA genes which were preferentially up-regulated in Sk-SCs. In vitro, both cell types exhibited similar levels of proliferation, migration, uptake of myelin debris and readily associated with neurites when co-cultured with human iPSC-induced motor neurons. Both exhibited ensheathment of multiple neurites and early phase of myelination, especially in N-SCs. Interestingly, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite outgrowth assay showed substantially more complexed neurite outgrowth in DRGs exposed to Sk-SC conditioned media compared to those from N-SCs. Multiplex ELISA array revealed shared growth factor profiles, but Sk-SCs expressed a higher level of VEGF. Transplantation of Sk- and N-SCs into injured peripheral nerve in nude rats and NOD-SCID mice showed close association of both SCs to regenerating axons. Myelination of rodent axons was observed infrequently by N-SCs, but absent in Sk-SC xenografts. Overall, our results showed that Sk-SCs share near-identical properties to N-SCs but with subtle differences that could potentially enhance their therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak-Ho Chu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kabita Baral
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Rosin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Umansky
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saud Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derrick Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Okuda H, Ishikawa T, Hori K, Kwankaew N, Ozaki N. Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role in hyperalgesia associated with neuropathic pain in mice. J Neurochem 2022; 162:207-220. [PMID: 35437761 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic syndrome of the nervous system caused by nerve injury. In Drosophila, the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is related to increased pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) but does not affect the baseline nociceptive threshold. In general, the contribution of the Hh signaling pathway to neuropathic pain in vertebrates is a highly debated issue. Alternatively, we investigated the potential role of Hh signaling in mechanical allodynia using a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Seven days after spinal nerve-transection (SNT) surgery, microglial activation increased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn compared with that in the sham group; however, 21 days after surgery, microglial activation decreased. Contrastingly, astrocyte activation in the spinal cord did not differ between the groups. On day 21 of postsurgery, the SNT group showed marked upregulation of sonic hedgehog expression in peripheral glial cells but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Intrathecal administration of the Hh signaling inhibitor vismodegib attenuated the mechanical allodynia observed on day 21 postsurgery. Conversely, intrathecal treatment with the Hh signaling activator smoothened agonist in naive mice induced mechanical allodynia, which was abolished by the ATP transporter inhibitor clodronate. Moreover, inhibition of Hh signaling by pretreatment with vismodegib significantly reduced ATP secretion and the frequency/number of spontaneous elevations of intracellular calcium ion levels in cultured DRG cells. Thus, the Hh signaling pathway appears to modulate the neural activity of DRG neurons via ATP release, and it plays an important role in sustaining mechanical allodynia and hypersensitivity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nichakarn Kwankaew
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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41
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Transcriptome Analysis of Schwann Cells at Various Stages of Myelination Implicates Chromatin Regulator Sin3A in Control of Myelination Identity. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:720-740. [DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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42
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Liu T, Wang Y, Lu L, Liu Y. SPIONs mediated magnetic actuation promotes nerve regeneration by inducing and maintaining repair-supportive phenotypes in Schwann cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:159. [PMID: 35351151 PMCID: PMC8966266 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schwann cells, the glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, are highly plastic. In response to nerve injury, Schwann cells are reprogrammed to a series of specialized repair-promoting phenotypes, known as repair Schwann cells, which play a pivotal role in nerve regeneration. However, repair Schwann cells represent a transient and unstable cell state, and these cells progressively lose their repair phenotypes and repair‐supportive capacity; the transience of this state is one of the key reasons for regeneration failure in humans. Therefore, the ability to control the phenotypic stability of repair Schwann cells is of great practical importance as well as biological interest. Results We designed and prepared a type of fluorescent–magnetic bifunctional superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In the present study, we established rat sciatic nerve injury models, then applied SPIONs to Schwann cells and established an effective SPION-mediated magnetic actuation system targeting the sciatic nerves. Our results demonstrate that magnetic actuation mediated by SPIONs can induce and maintain repair-supportive phenotypes of Schwann cells, thereby promoting regeneration and functional recovery of the sciatic nerve after crush injury. Conclusions Our research indicate that Schwann cells can sense these external, magnetically driven mechanical forces and transduce them to intracellular biochemical signals that promote nerve regeneration by inducing and maintaining the repair phenotypes of Schwann cells. We hope that this study will provide a new therapeutic strategy to promote the regeneration and repair of injured peripheral nerves. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01337-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Goluba K, Kunrade L, Riekstina U, Parfejevs V. Schwann Cells in Digestive System Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:832. [PMID: 35269454 PMCID: PMC8908985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the digestive system is ensured by coordinated action of the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Peripheral innervation of the digestive system can be viewed as intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic portion is mainly composed of the neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), while the extrinsic part is formed by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory branches of the PNS. Glial cells are a crucial component of digestive tract innervation, and a great deal of research evidence highlights the important status of ENS glia in health and disease. In this review, we shift the focus a bit and discuss the functions of Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the extrinsic innervation of the digestive system. For more context, we also provide information on the basic findings regarding the function of innervation in disorders of the digestive organs. We find diverse SC roles described particularly in the mouth, the pancreas, and the intestine. We note that most of the scientific evidence concerns the involvement of SCs in cancer progression and pain, but some research identifies stem cell functions and potential for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vadims Parfejevs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, House of Science, Jelgavas Str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.G.); (L.K.); (U.R.)
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Jessen KR, Mirsky R. The Role of c-Jun and Autocrine Signaling Loops in the Control of Repair Schwann Cells and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:820216. [PMID: 35221918 PMCID: PMC8863656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.820216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After nerve injury, both Schwann cells and neurons switch to pro-regenerative states. For Schwann cells, this involves reprogramming of myelin and Remak cells to repair Schwann cells that provide the signals and mechanisms needed for the survival of injured neurons, myelin clearance, axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. Because functional repair cells are essential for regeneration, it is unfortunate that their phenotype is not robust. Repair cell activation falters as animals get older and the repair phenotype fades during chronic denervation. These malfunctions are important reasons for the poor outcomes after nerve damage in humans. This review will discuss injury-induced Schwann cell reprogramming and the concept of the repair Schwann cell, and consider the molecular control of these cells with emphasis on c-Jun. This transcription factor is required for the generation of functional repair cells, and failure of c-Jun expression is implicated in repair cell failures in older animals and during chronic denervation. Elevating c-Jun expression in repair cells promotes regeneration, showing in principle that targeting repair cells is an effective way of improving nerve repair. In this context, we will outline the emerging evidence that repair cells are sustained by autocrine signaling loops, attractive targets for interventions aimed at promoting regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R. Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Notch Signal Mediates the Cross-Interaction between M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Neuregulin/ErbB Pathway: Effects on Schwann Cell Proliferation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020239. [PMID: 35204740 PMCID: PMC8961597 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between axon and glial cells during development and in adulthood is mediated by several molecules. Among them are neurotransmitters and their receptors, which are involved in the control of myelinating and non-myelinating glial cell development and physiology. Our previous studies largely demonstrate the functional expression of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in Schwann cells. In particular, the M2 muscarinic receptor subtype, the most abundant cholinergic receptor expressed in Schwann cells, inhibits cell proliferation downregulating proteins expressed in the immature phenotype and triggers promyelinating differentiation genes. In this study, we analysed the in vitro modulation of the Neuregulin-1 (NRG1)/erbB pathway, mediated by the M2 receptor activation, through the selective agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE). M2 agonist treatment significantly downregulates NRG1 and erbB receptors expression, both at transcriptional and protein level, and causes the internalization and intracellular accumulation of the erbB2 receptor. Additionally, starting from our previous results concerning the negative modulation of Notch-active fragment NICD by M2 receptor activation, in this work, we clearly demonstrate that the M2 receptor subtype inhibits erbB2 receptors by Notch-1/NICD downregulation. Our data, together with our previous results, demonstrate the existence of a cross-interaction between the M2 receptor and NRG1/erbB pathway-Notch1 mediated, and that it is responsible for the modulation of Schwann cell proliferation/differentiation.
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Analysis of Signal Transduction Pathways Downstream M2 Receptor Activation: Effects on Schwann Cell Migration and Morphology. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020211. [PMID: 35207498 PMCID: PMC8875146 DOI: 10.3390/life12020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schwann cells (SCs) express cholinergic receptors, suggesting a role of cholinergic signaling in the control of SC proliferation, differentiation and/or myelination. Our previous studies largely demonstrated that the pharmacological activation of the M2 muscarinic receptor subtype caused an inhibition of cell proliferation and promoted the expression of pro-myelinating differentiation genes. In order to elucidate the molecular signaling activated downstream the M2 receptor activation, in the present study we investigated the signal transduction pathways activated by the M2 orthosteric agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE) in SCs. Methods: Using Western blot we analyzed some components of the noncanonical pathways involving β1-arrestin and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling. A wound healing assay was used to evaluate SC migration. Results: Our results demonstrated that M2 receptor activation negatively modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 axis, possibly through β1-arrestin downregulation. The involvement of the mTORC1 complex was also supported by the decreased expression of its specific target p-p70 S6KThr389. Then, we also analyzed the expression of p-AMPKαthr172, a negative regulator of myelination that resulted in reduced levels after M2 agonist treatment. The analysis of cell migration and morphology allowed us to demonstrate that M2 receptor activation caused an arrest of SC migration and modified cell morphology probably by the modulation of β1-arrestin/cofilin-1 and PKCα expression, respectively. Conclusions: The data obtained demonstrated that M2 receptor activation in addition to the canonical Gi protein-coupled pathway modulates noncanonical pathways involving the mTORC1 complex and other kinases whose activation may contribute to the inhibition of SC proliferation and migration and address SC differentiation.
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Entezari M, Mozafari M, Bakhtiyari M, Moradi F, Bagher Z, Soleimani M. Three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone/polypyrrole conducting scaffolds for differentiation of human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like phenotypes and promotion of neurite outgrowth. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1134-1146. [PMID: 35075781 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of a suitable nerve guide conduit (NGC) seeded with sufficient Schwann cells (SCs) is required to improve peripheral nerve regeneration efficiently. Given the limitations of isolating and culturing SCs, using various sources of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from nasal olfactory mucosa, can be desirable. Olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs) are a new population of neural crest-derived stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into SCs and can be considered a promising autologous alternative to produce SCs. Regardless, a biomimetic physicochemical microenvironment in NGC such as electroconductive substrate can affect the fate of transplanted stem cells, including differentiation toward SCs and nerve regeneration. Therefore, in this study, the effect of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/polypyrrole (PPy) conductive scaffolds on differentiation of human OE-MSCS into functional SC-like phenotypes was investigated. Biological evaluation of 3D printed scaffolds was examined by in vitro culturing the OE-MSCs on samples surfaces, and conductivity showed no effect on increased cell attachment, proliferation rate, viability, and distribution. In contrast, immunocytochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that 3D structures coated with PPy could provide a favorable microenvironment for OE-MSCs differentiation. In addition, it was found that differentiated OE-MSCs within PCL/PPy could secrete the highest amounts of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factors compared to pure PCL and 2D culture. After co-culturing with PC12 cells, a significant increase in neurite outgrowth on PCL/PPy conductive scaffold seeded with differentiated OE-MSCs. These findings indicated that 3D printed PCL/PPy conductive scaffold could support differentiation of OE-MSCs into SC-like phenotypes to promote neurite outgrowth, suggesting their potential for neural tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Entezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiyari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Varier P, Raju G, Madhusudanan P, Jerard C, Shankarappa SA. A Brief Review of In Vitro Models for Injury and Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:816. [PMID: 35055003 PMCID: PMC8775373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve axonal injury and associated cellular mechanisms leading to peripheral nerve damage are important topics of research necessary for reducing disability and enhancing quality of life. Model systems that mimic the biological changes that occur during human nerve injury are crucial for the identification of cellular responses, screening of novel therapeutic molecules, and design of neural regeneration strategies. In addition to in vivo and mathematical models, in vitro axonal injury models provide a simple, robust, and reductionist platform to partially understand nerve injury pathogenesis and regeneration. In recent years, there have been several advances related to in vitro techniques that focus on the utilization of custom-fabricated cell culture chambers, microfluidic chamber systems, and injury techniques such as laser ablation and axonal stretching. These developments seem to reflect a gradual and natural progression towards understanding molecular and signaling events at an individual axon and neuronal-soma level. In this review, we attempt to categorize and discuss various in vitro models of injury relevant to the peripheral nervous system and highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. Such models will help to recreate the post-injury microenvironment and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can accelerate nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahadev A. Shankarappa
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (P.V.); (G.R.); (P.M.); (C.J.)
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Basu S, Choudhury IN, Nazareth L, Chacko A, Shelper T, Vial ML, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. In vitro modulation of Schwann cell behavior by VEGF and PDGF in an inflammatory environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:662. [PMID: 35027585 PMCID: PMC8758747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral glial cell transplantation with Schwann cells (SCs) is a promising approach for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, improvements are needed and one avenue to enhance regenerative functional outcomes is to combine growth factors with cell transplantation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are neuroprotective, and a combination of these factors has improved outcomes in rat SCI models. Thus, transplantation of SCs combined with VEGF and PDGF may further improve regenerative outcomes. First, however, we must understand how the two factors modulate SCs. In this in vitro study, we show that an inflammatory environment decreased the rate of SC-mediated phagocytosis of myelin debris but the addition of VEGF and PDGF (alone and combined) improved phagocytosis. Cytokine expression by SCs in the inflammatory environment revealed that addition of PDGF led to significantly lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, but IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10), remained unaltered. Further, PDGF was able to decrease the expression of myelination associated gene Oct6 in the presence of inflammatory environment. Overall, these results suggest that the use of VEGF and/or PDGF combined with SC transplantation may be beneficial in SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souptik Basu
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Indra N Choudhury
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Lynn Nazareth
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Anu Chacko
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Todd Shelper
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Vial
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia. .,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
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50
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Özdağ Acarli AN, Klein T, Egenolf N, Sommer C, Üçeyler N. Subepidermal Schwann cell counts correlate with skin innervation - an exploratory study. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:471-479. [PMID: 35020203 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Schwann cell clusters have been described at the murine dermis-epidermis border. We quantified dermal Schwann cells in the skin of patients with small fiber neuropathy (SFN) compared to healthy controls to correlate with the clinical phenotype. METHODS Skin punch biopsies from the lower legs of 28 patients with SFN (eleven men, 17 women, median age 54 years [19-73]) and 9 healthy controls (five men, four women, median age 34 years [25-69]) were immunoreacted for S100 calcium-binding protein B as a Schwann cell marker, protein-gene product 9.5 as a pan-neuronal marker, and CD207 as a Langerhans cell marker. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and subepidermal Schwann cell counts were determined. RESULTS Skin samples of patients with SFN showed lower IENFD (p<0.05), fewer Schwann cells/mm (p<0.01), and fewer Schwann cell clusters/mm (p<0.05) than controls. When comparing SFN patients with reduced (n=13, median age 53 years, 19-73 years) and normal distal (n=15, median age 54 years, 43-68 years) IENFD, the number of solitary Schwann cells/mm (p<0.01) and subepidermal nerve fibers associated with Schwann cell branches (p<0.05) were lower in patients with reduced IENFD. All three parameters positively correlated with distal IENFD (p<0.05 to p<0.01), while no correlation was found between Schwann cell counts and clinical pain characteristics. DISCUSSION Our data raise questions about the mechanisms underlying the interdependence of dermal Schwann cells and skin innervation in SFN. The temporal course and functional impact of Schwann cell presence and kinetics need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Egenolf
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nurcan Üçeyler
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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