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Zimmer VC, Lauer AA, Haupenthal V, Stahlmann CP, Mett J, Grösgen S, Hundsdörfer B, Rothhaar T, Endres K, Eckhardt M, Hartmann T, Grimm HS, Grimm MOW. A bidirectional link between sulfatide and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:265-283.e7. [PMID: 37972592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sulfatide level is found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing regulates sulfatide synthesis and vice versa. Different cell culture models and transgenic mice models devoid of APP processing or in particular the APP intracellular domain (AICD) reveal that AICD decreases Gal3st1/CST expression and subsequently sulfatide synthesis. In return, sulfatide supplementation decreases Aβ generation by reducing β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase processing of APP. Increased BACE1 lysosomal degradation leads to reduced BACE1 protein level in endosomes. Reduced γ-secretase activity is caused by a direct effect on γ-secretase activity and reduced amounts of γ-secretase components in lipid rafts. Similar changes were observed by analyzing cells and mice brain samples deficient of arylsulfatase A responsible for sulfatide degradation or knocked down in Gal3st1/CST. In line with these findings, addition of sulfatides to brain homogenates of AD patients resulted in reduced γ-secretase activity. Human brain APP level shows a significant negative correlation with GAL3ST1/CST expression underlining the in vivo relevance of sulfatide homeostasis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Christin Zimmer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Viola Haupenthal
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter Stahlmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Janine Mett
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology), Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sven Grösgen
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hundsdörfer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tatjana Rothhaar
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany.
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Wang Z, Wang X, Ma Y, Cong P, Wang X, Song Y, Xu J, Xue C. Astaxanthin alleviates ganglioside metabolism disorder in the cortex of Alzheimer's disease mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10362-10374. [PMID: 37929718 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the amelioration effect and mechanism of two kinds of astaxanthin (AST), including free-AST (F-AST) and docosahexaenoic acid-acylated AST monoester (AST-DHA), on ganglioside (GLS) metabolism in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice using the LC-MS strategy in combination with molecular biology. Water maze and immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that AST significantly improved the cognitive level of APP/PS1 mice and reduced Aβ deposition in the cortex. After the dietary intake of AST, the composition and level of 84 GLS molecular species in the mouse cortex were determined using the LC-MS strategy. The results showed that the total GLS was reduced, most complex GLS was decreased, and simple GLS (GM3 and GM1a) was increased in the APP/PS1 mouse cortex. Notably, F-AST mainly regulated complex GLS (p < 0.001), whereas AST-DHA primarily reacted with simple GLS (p < 0.001). OAc-GQ1a(38:1), OAc-GQ1a(36:1), GD1a(36:1), and GM3(38:1) decreased 3.73, 2.31, and 2.29-fold and increased 3.54-fold, respectively, and were identified as potential AD biomarkers in the cortices of APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, the AST diet significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of GLS synthesizing genes (st3gal5, st8sia1, b3galt4, st3fal2, and soat) and siae (p < 0.05) and down-regulated that of the GLS catabolizing gene hexa (p < 0.01). In conclusion, improving GLS homeostasis in the AD mouse cortex might be a critical pathway to explain the AD-preventing effect of AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Yingxu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Peixu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Xincen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266235, China
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Akyol O, Akyol S, Chou MC, Chen S, Liu CK, Selek S, Soares JC, Chen CH. Lipids and lipoproteins may play a role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1275932. [PMID: 38033552 PMCID: PMC10687420 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1275932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other classes of dementia are important public health problems with overwhelming social, physical, and financial effects for patients, society, and their families and caregivers. The pathophysiology of AD is poorly understood despite the extensive number of clinical and experimental studies. The brain's lipid-rich composition is linked to disturbances in lipid homeostasis, often associated with glucose and lipid abnormalities in various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Moreover, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels may be related to a higher probability of AD. Here, we hypothesize that lipids, and electronegative LDL (L5) in particular, may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Although changes in cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and glucose levels are seen in AD, the cause remains unknown. We believe that L5-the most electronegative subfraction of LDL-may be a crucial factor in understanding the involvement of lipids in AD pathology. LDL and L5 are internalized by cells through different receptors and mechanisms that trigger separate intracellular pathways. One of the receptors involved in L5 internalization, LOX-1, triggers apoptotic pathways. Aging is associated with dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, and it is believed that alterations in lipid metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Proposed mechanisms of lipid dysregulation in AD include mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disease, neuronal signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which lead ultimately to memory loss through deficiency of synaptic integration. Several lipid species and their receptors have essential functions in AD pathogenesis and may be potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Akyol
- Molecular Cardiology, Vascular and Medicinal Research, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Mei-Chuan Chou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shioulan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuan Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Salih Selek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Molecular Cardiology, Vascular and Medicinal Research, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Sultana MA, Hia RA, Akinsiku O, Hegde V. Peripheral Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Potential Contributor to the Development of Metabolic Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1019. [PMID: 37508448 PMCID: PMC10376519 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of function and eventual death of neurons in the brain. Multiple studies have highlighted the involvement of mitochondria in the initiation and advancement of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are essential for ATP generation, bioenergetics processes, the regulation of calcium homeostasis and free radical scavenging. Disrupting any of these processes has been acknowledged as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. Several longitudinal studies have demonstrated type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a risk factor for the origin of dementia leading towards AD. Even though emerging research indicates that anti-diabetic intervention is a promising option for AD prevention and therapy, results from clinical trials with anti-diabetic agents have not been effective in AD. Interestingly, defective mitochondrial function has also been reported to contribute towards the onset of metabolic disorders including obesity and T2D. The most prevalent consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction include the generation of inflammatory molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote the onset and development of metabolic impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Current evidence indicates an association of impaired peripheral mitochondrial function with primary AD pathology; however, the mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, in this review, we discuss if mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated metabolic disorders have a potential connection with AD development, then would addressing peripheral mitochondrial dysfunction have better therapeutic outcomes in preventing metabolic disorder-associated AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vijay Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.A.S.); (R.A.H.); (O.A.)
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Abstract
All mammalian cell membranes contain cholesterol to maintain membrane integrity. The transport of this hydrophobic lipid is mediated by lipoproteins. Cholesterol is especially enriched in the brain, particularly in synaptic and myelin membranes. Aging involves changes in sterol metabolism in peripheral organs and also in the brain. Some of those alterations have the potential to promote or to counteract the development of neurodegenerative diseases during aging. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of general principles of sterol metabolism in humans and mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. We discuss changes in sterol metabolism that occur in the aged brain and highlight recent developments in cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism in the fast-growing research field of aging and age-related diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease. We propose that cell type-specific cholesterol handling and the interplay between cell types critically influence age-related disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany;
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Zhang WB, Huang Y, Guo XR, Zhang MQ, Yuan XS, Zu HB. DHCR24 reverses Alzheimer's disease-related pathology and cognitive impairment via increasing hippocampal cholesterol levels in 5xFAD mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:102. [PMID: 37344916 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences reveal that cellular cholesterol deficiency could trigger the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a key regulator, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) controls cellular cholesterol homeostasis, which was found to be downregulated in AD vulnerable regions and involved in AD-related pathological activities. However, DHCR24 as a potential therapeutic target for AD remains to be identified. In present study, we demonstrated the role of DHCR24 in AD by employing delivery of adeno-associated virus carrying DHCR24 gene into the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice. Here, we found that 5xFAD mice had lower levels of cholesterol and DHCR24 expression, and the cholesterol loss was alleviated by DHCR24 overexpression. Surprisingly, the cognitive impairment of 5xFAD mice was significantly reversed after DHCR24-based gene therapy. Moreover, we revealed that DHCR24 knock-in successfully prevented or reversed AD-related pathology in 5xFAD mice, including amyloid-β deposition, synaptic injuries, autophagy, reactive astrocytosis, microglial phagocytosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results firstly demonstrated that the potential value of DHCR24-mediated regulation of cellular cholesterol level as a promising treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1508 Long-Hang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1508 Long-Hang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiao-Rou Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1508 Long-Hang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1508 Long-Hang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1508 Long-Hang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Heng-Bing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1508 Long-Hang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Reveglia P, Paolillo C, Angiolillo A, Ferretti G, Angelico R, Sirabella R, Corso G, Matrone C, Di Costanzo A. A Targeted Mass Spectrometry Approach to Identify Peripheral Changes in Metabolic Pathways of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119736. [PMID: 37298687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Since its original description, there has been intense debate regarding the factors that trigger its pathology. It is becoming apparent that AD is more than a brain disease and harms the whole-body metabolism. We analyzed 630 polar and apolar metabolites in the blood of 20 patients with AD and 20 healthy individuals, to determine whether the composition of plasma metabolites could offer additional indicators to evaluate any alterations in the metabolic pathways related to the illness. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were at least 25 significantly dysregulated metabolites in patients with AD compared with the controls. Two membrane lipid components, glycerophospholipids and ceramide, were upregulated, whereas glutamic acid, other phospholipids, and sphingolipids were downregulated. The data were analyzed using metabolite set enrichment analysis and pathway analysis using the KEGG library. The results showed that at least five pathways involved in the metabolism of polar compounds were dysregulated in patients with AD. Conversely, the lipid pathways did not show significant alterations. These results support the possibility of using metabolome analysis to understand alterations in the metabolic pathways related to AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Reveglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Paolillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ferretti
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ruggero Angelico
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Matrone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Snyder J, Wu Z. Origins of nervous tissue susceptibility to ferroptosis. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100091. [PMID: 37398634 PMCID: PMC10308196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of programmed cell death. It possesses unique processes of cell demise, cytopathological changes, and independent signal regulation pathways. Ferroptosis is considered to be deeply involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Intriguingly, why cells in certain tissues and organs (such as the central nervous system, CNS) are more sensitive to changes in ferroptosis remains a question that has not been carefully discussed. In this Holmesian review, we discuss lipid composition as a potential but often overlooked determining factor in ferroptosis sensitivity and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the pathogenesis of several common human neurodegenerative diseases. In subsequent studies of ferroptosis, lipid composition needs to be given special attention, as it may significantly affect the susceptibility of the cell model used (or the tissue studied).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Snyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
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Chen Y, Yao L, Zhao S, Xu M, Ren S, Xie L, Liu L, Wang Y. The oxidative aging model integrated various risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus at system level. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1196293. [PMID: 37293508 PMCID: PMC10244788 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1196293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine metabolic disease caused by insulin dysregulation. Studies have shown that aging-related oxidative stress (as "oxidative aging") play a critical role in the onset and progression of T2DM, by leading to an energy metabolism imbalance. However, the precise mechanisms through which oxidative aging lead to T2DM are yet to be fully comprehended. Thus, it is urgent to integrate the underlying mechanisms between oxidative aging and T2DM, where meaningful prediction models based on relative profiles are needed. Methods First, machine learning was used to build the aging model and disease model. Next, an integrated oxidative aging model was employed to identify crucial oxidative aging risk factors. Finally, a series of bioinformatic analyses (including network, enrichment, sensitivity, and pan-cancer analyses) were used to explore potential mechanisms underlying oxidative aging and T2DM. Results The study revealed a close relationship between oxidative aging and T2DM. Our results indicate that nutritional metabolism, inflammation response, mitochondrial function, and protein homeostasis are key factors involved in the interplay between oxidative aging and T2DM, even indicating key indices across different cancer types. Therefore, various risk factors in T2DM were integrated, and the theories of oxi-inflamm-aging and cellular senescence were also confirmed. Conclusion In sum, our study successfully integrated the underlying mechanisms linking oxidative aging and T2DM through a series of computational methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lilin Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuheng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengchu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Siwei Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics & Institute for Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Van Acker ZP, Perdok A, Hellemans R, North K, Vorsters I, Cappel C, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Sannerud R, Bretou M, Damme M, Annaert W. Phospholipase D3 degrades mitochondrial DNA to regulate nucleotide signaling and APP metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2847. [PMID: 37225734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) polymorphisms are linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Being a lysosomal 5'-3' exonuclease, its neuronal substrates remained unknown as well as how a defective lysosomal nucleotide catabolism connects to AD-proteinopathy. We identified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a major physiological substrate and show its manifest build-up in lysosomes of PLD3-defective cells. mtDNA accretion creates a degradative (proteolytic) bottleneck that presents at the ultrastructural level as a marked abundance of multilamellar bodies, often containing mitochondrial remnants, which correlates with increased PINK1-dependent mitophagy. Lysosomal leakage of mtDNA to the cytosol activates cGAS-STING signaling that upregulates autophagy and induces amyloid precursor C-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) and cholesterol accumulation. STING inhibition largely normalizes APP-CTF levels, whereas an APP knockout in PLD3-deficient backgrounds lowers STING activation and normalizes cholesterol biosynthesis. Collectively, we demonstrate molecular cross-talks through feedforward loops between lysosomal nucleotide turnover, cGAS-STING and APP metabolism that, when dysregulated, result in neuronal endolysosomal demise as observed in LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anika Perdok
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Hellemans
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katherine North
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Vorsters
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cedric Cappel
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Transgenic Research, Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 9, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Markus Damme
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Transgenic Research, Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 9, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 602, Leuven, Belgium.
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Huang Y, Zhang W, Guo X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zu H. Cellular cholesterol loss by DHCR24 knockdown leads to Aβ production by changing APP intracellular localization. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100367. [PMID: 37011864 PMCID: PMC10173783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past 20 years, the majority of cell culture studies reported that increasing cholesterol level increases amyloid-β (Aβ) production. Conversely, other studies and genetic evidences support that cellular cholesterol loss leads to Aβ generation. As a highly controversial issue in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis,the apparent contradiction prompted us to again explore the role of cellular cholesterol in Aβ production. Here, we adopted new neuronal and astrocytic cell models induced by 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24), which obviously differ from the widely used cell models with overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the majority of previous studies. In neuronal and astrocytic cell model, we found that deficiency of cellular cholesterol by DHCR24 knock-down obviously increased intracellular and extracellular Aβ generation. Importantly, in cell models with overexpressing APP, we found that APP overexpression could disrupt cellular cholesterol homeostasis and affect function of cells, coupled with the increase of APP β-cleavage product, 99-residue transmembrane C-terminal domain (C99). Therefore, we suppose the results derived from the APP knock-in models will need to be re-evaluated. One rational explanation for the discrepancy between our outcomes and the previous studies could be attributed to the two different cell models. Mechanistically, we showed that cellular cholesterol loss obviously altered APP intracellular localization by affecting cholesterol-related trafficking protein of APP. Therefore, our outcomes strongly support cellular cholesterol loss by DHCR24 knockdown leads to Aβ production.
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12
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Dawkins E, Derks RJE, Schifferer M, Trambauer J, Winkler E, Simons M, Paquet D, Giera M, Kamp F, Steiner H. Membrane lipid remodeling modulates γ-secretase processivity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103027. [PMID: 36805335 PMCID: PMC10070668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in the amounts of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) generated by the membrane proteases β- and γ-secretase are considered as a trigger of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Cell-free studies of γ-secretase have shown that increasing membrane thickness modulates Aβ generation, but it has remained unclear if these effects are translatable to cells. Here we show that the very long chain fatty acid erucic acid (EA) triggers acyl chain remodeling in AD cell models, resulting in substantial lipidome alterations which included increased esterification of EA in membrane lipids. Membrane remodeling enhanced γ-secretase processivity, resulting in the increased production of the potentially beneficial Aβ37 and/or Aβ38 species in multiple cell lines. Unexpectedly, we found that the membrane remodeling stimulated total Aβ secretion by cells expressing WT γ-secretase, but lowered it for cells expressing an aggressive familial AD mutant γ-secretase. We conclude that EA-mediated modulation of membrane composition is accompanied by complex lipid homeostatic changes that can impact amyloidogenic processing in different ways and elicit distinct γ-secretase responses, providing critical implications for lipid-based AD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Dawkins
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rico J E Derks
- Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Trambauer
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Edith Winkler
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Kamp
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
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13
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The effect of PC20:0 and di-C7-PC amphiphilic surfactants on the aggregation of Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 using molecular dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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14
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Gemfibrozil-Induced Intracellular Triglyceride Increase in SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032972. [PMID: 36769295 PMCID: PMC9917468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemfibrozil is a drug that has been used for over 40 years to lower triglycerides in blood. As a ligand for peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which is expressed in many tissues, it induces the transcription of numerous genes for carbohydrate and lipid-metabolism. However, nothing is known about how intracellular lipid-homeostasis and, in particular, triglycerides are affected. As triglycerides are stored in lipid-droplets, which are known to be associated with many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, fatty liver disease and type-2 diabetes, treatment with gemfibrozil could adversely affect these diseases. To address the question whether gemfibrozil also affects intracellular lipid-levels, SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 cells, representing three different metabolically active organs (brain, lung and kidney), were incubated with gemfibrozil and subsequently analyzed semi-quantitatively by mass-spectrometry. Importantly, all cells showed a strong increase in intracellular triglycerides (SH-SY5Y: 170.3%; HEK: 272.1%; Calu-3: 448.1%), suggesting that the decreased triglyceride-levels might be due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Besides the common intracellular triglyceride increase, a cell-line specific alteration in acylcarnitines are found, suggesting that especially in neuronal cell lines gemfibrozil increases the transport of fatty acids to mitochondria and therefore increases the turnover of fatty acids for the benefit of additional energy supply, which could be important in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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15
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Papadopoulos N, Suelves N, Perrin F, Vadukul DM, Vrancx C, Constantinescu SN, Kienlen-Campard P. Structural Determinant of β-Amyloid Formation: From Transmembrane Protein Dimerization to β-Amyloid Aggregates. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2753. [PMID: 36359274 PMCID: PMC9687742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases have the characteristics of protein folding disorders, i.e., they cause lesions to appear in vulnerable regions of the nervous system, corresponding to protein aggregates that progressively spread through the neuronal network as the symptoms progress. Alzheimer's disease is one of these diseases. It is characterized by two types of lesions: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of tau proteins and senile plaques, formed essentially of amyloid peptides (Aβ). A combination of factors ranging from genetic mutations to age-related changes in the cellular context converge in this disease to accelerate Aβ deposition. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have attempted to elucidate how structural determinants of its precursor (APP) modify Aβ production, and to understand the processes leading to the formation of different Aβ aggregates, e.g., fibrils and oligomers. The synthesis proposed in this review indicates that the same motifs can control APP function and Aβ production essentially by regulating membrane protein dimerization, and subsequently Aβ aggregation processes. The distinct properties of these motifs and the cellular context regulate the APP conformation to trigger the transition to the amyloid pathology. This concept is critical to better decipher the patterns switching APP protein conformation from physiological to pathological and improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the formation of amyloid fibrils that devastate neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Papadopoulos
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, 1348 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuria Suelves
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Cellular and Molecular (CEMO) Division, Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Perrin
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devkee M. Vadukul
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, 1348 Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Cellular and Molecular (CEMO) Division, Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Theiss EL, Griebsch LV, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Erhardt VKJ, Haas EC, Kuppler KN, Radermacher J, Walzer O, Portius D, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Vitamin B12 Attenuates Changes in Phospholipid Levels Related to Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162574. [PMID: 36010649 PMCID: PMC9406929 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is detected peripherally as well as in AD-vulnerable brain regions. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation and degradation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), leading to the oxidation of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Extensive lipid changes have been found in post mortem AD brain tissue; these changes include the levels of total phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and ceramide, as well as plasmalogens, which are highly susceptible to oxidation because of their vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol-backbone. Several lines of evidence indicate that a deficiency in the neurotropic vitamin B12 is linked with AD. In the present study, treatment of the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with vitamin B12 resulted in elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and plasmalogens. Vitamin B12 also protected plasmalogens from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress due to an elevated expression of the ROS-degrading enzymes superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, vitamin B12 elevates plasmalogen synthesis by increasing the expression of alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (AGPS) and choline phosphotransferase 1 (CHPT1) in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Walzer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Portius
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Gera, SRH University of Applied Health Science, 07548 Gera, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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17
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Crivelli SM, Luo Q, Kruining DV, Giovagnoni C, Mané-Damas M, den Hoedt S, Berkes D, De Vries HE, Mulder MT, Walter J, Waelkens E, Derua R, Swinnen JV, Dehairs J, Wijnands EPM, Bieberich E, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P. FTY720 decreases ceramides levels in the brain and prevents memory impairments in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease expressing APOE4. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113240. [PMID: 35689862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The protection mediated by the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) declines during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, especially in patients carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) isoform. The drug FTY720 mimics S1P bioactivity, but its efficacy in treating AD is unclear. Two doses of FTY720 (0.1 mg / kg and 0.5 mg / kg daily) were given by oral gavage for 15 weeks to transgenic mouse models of familial AD carrying human apolipoprotein E (APOE) APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). After 12 weeks of treatment, animals were subjected to behavioral tests for memory, locomotion, and anxiety. Blood was withdrawn at different time points and brains were collected for sphingolipids analysis by mass spectrometry, gene expression by RT-PCR and Aβ quantification by ELISA. We discovered that low levels of S1P in the plasma is associated with a higher probability of failing the memory test and that FTY720 prevents memory impairments in E4FAD. The beneficial effect of FTY720 was induced by a shift of the sphingolipid metabolism in the brain towards a lower production of toxic metabolites, like ceramide d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/22:0, and reduction of amyloid-β burden and inflammation. In conclusion, we provide further evidence of the druggability of the sphingolipid system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Crivelli
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40506, KY, USA.
| | - Qian Luo
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Kruining
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Giovagnoni
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Mané-Damas
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, the Netherlands
| | - Dusan Berkes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Helga E De Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam 1007MB, the Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Erwin P M Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40506, KY, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Mario Losen
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht 6200MD, the Netherlands.
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18
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Neuroprotective Effects of Resveratrol by Modifying Cholesterol Metabolism and Aβ Processing in SAMP8 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147580. [PMID: 35886936 PMCID: PMC9324102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism seems dysregulated and linked to amyloid-β (Aβ) formation in neurodegeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly known. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with antioxidant activity and neuroprotective properties. Here, we analyzed the effect of age and RSV supplementation on cholesterol metabolism in the brain and blood serum, and its potential link to Aβ processing, in SAMP8 mice—an animal model of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. In the brain, our results revealed an age-related increase in ApoE and unesterified cholesterol in the plasma membrane whereas LDL receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, HMG-CoA-C1 synthase, and ABCA1 transporter remained unaltered. Furthermore, BACE-1 and APP gene expression was decreased. This dysregulation could be involved in the amyloidogenic processing pathway of APP towards Aβ formation. In turn, RSV exhibited an age-dependent effect. While levels of unesterified cholesterol in the plasma membrane were not affected by RSV, several participants in cholesterol uptake, release, and de novo synthesis differed, depending on age. Thus, RSV supplementation exhibited a different neuroprotective effect acting on Aβ processing or cholesterol metabolism in the brain at earlier or later ages, respectively. In blood serum, HDL lipoprotein and free cholesterol were increased by age, whereas VLDL and LDL lipoproteins remained unaltered. Again, the protective effect of RSV by decreasing the LDL or increasing the HDL levels also seems to depend on the intervention’s moment. In conclusion, age is a prominent factor for cholesterol metabolism dysregulation in the brain of SAMP8 mice and influences the protective effects of RSV through cholesterol metabolism and Aβ processing.
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19
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ATAD3A oligomerization promotes neuropathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1121. [PMID: 35236834 PMCID: PMC8891325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may arise from lipid metabolism perturbation, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identify ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A), a mitochondrial AAA-ATPase, as a molecular switch that links cholesterol metabolism impairment to AD phenotypes. In neuronal models of AD, the 5XFAD mouse model and post-mortem AD brains, ATAD3A is oligomerized and accumulated at the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), where it induces cholesterol accumulation by inhibiting gene expression of CYP46A1, an enzyme governing brain cholesterol clearance. ATAD3A and CYP46A1 cooperate to promote APP processing and synaptic loss. Suppressing ATAD3A oligomerization by heterozygous ATAD3A knockout or pharmacological inhibition with DA1 restores neuronal CYP46A1 levels, normalizes brain cholesterol turnover and MAM integrity, suppresses APP processing and synaptic loss, and consequently reduces AD neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD transgenic mice. These findings reveal a role for ATAD3A oligomerization in AD pathogenesis and suggest ATAD3A as a potential therapeutic target for AD. Disturbance in lipid metabolism is one of the major pathological events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, the authors identify ATAD3A oligomerization as a key mechanism causing impaired cholesterol metabolism and neuropathology in AD models.
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20
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Janitschke D, Lauer AA, Bachmann CM, Winkler J, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Theiss EL, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Methylxanthines Induce a Change in the AD/Neurodegeneration-Linked Lipid Profile in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042295. [PMID: 35216410 PMCID: PMC8875332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an increased plaque burden and tangle accumulation in the brain accompanied by extensive lipid alterations. Methylxanthines (MTXs) are alkaloids frequently consumed by dietary intake known to interfere with the molecular mechanisms leading to AD. Besides the fact that MTX consumption is associated with changes in triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and liver, little is known about the effect of MTXs on other lipid classes, which raises the question of whether MTX can alter lipids in a way that may be relevant in AD. Here we have analyzed naturally occurring MTXs caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, and the synthetic MTXs pentoxifylline and propentofylline also used as drugs in different neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that lipid alterations are not limited to triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver and serum, but also include changes in sphingomyelins, ceramides, phosphatidylcholine, and plasmalogens in neuroblastoma cells. These changes comprise alterations known to be beneficial, but also adverse effects regarding AD were observed. Our results give an additional perspective of the complex link between MTX and AD, and suggest combining MTX with a lipid-altering diet compensating the adverse effects of MTX rather than using MTX alone to prevent or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Cornel Manuel Bachmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Science, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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21
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The Impact of Medium Chain and Polyunsaturated ω-3-Fatty Acids on Amyloid-β Deposition, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121991. [PMID: 34943094 PMCID: PMC8698946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population, is closely linked to a dysregulated cerebral lipid homeostasis and particular changes in brain fatty acid (FA) composition. The abnormal extracellular accumulation and deposition of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as an early toxic event in AD pathogenesis, which initiates a series of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. These include the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the disruption of calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity, an impairment of cerebral energy metabolism, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and polyunsaturated ω-3-fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) seem to be valuable for disease modification. Both classes of FAs have neuronal health-promoting and cognition-enhancing properties and might be of benefit for patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MCFAs and ω-3-PUFAs reduce the cerebral Aβ deposition, improve brain energy metabolism, and lessen oxidative stress levels.
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22
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Bocharov EV, Gremer L, Urban AS, Okhrimenko IS, Volynsky PE, Nadezhdin KD, Bocharova OV, Kornilov DA, Zagryadskaya YA, Kamynina AV, Kuzmichev PK, Kutzsche J, Bolakhrif N, Müller-Schiffmann A, Dencher NA, Arseniev AS, Efremov RG, Gordeliy VI, Willbold D. All -d -Enantiomeric Peptide D3 Designed for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Dynamically Interacts with Membrane-Bound Amyloid-β Precursors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16464-16479. [PMID: 34739758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative pathology with no effective treatment known. Toxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) oligomers play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. All-d-Enantiomeric peptide D3 and its derivatives were developed to disassemble and destroy cytotoxic Aβ aggregates. One of the D3-like compounds is approaching phase II clinical trials; however, high-resolution details of its disease-preventing or pharmacological actions are not completely clear. We demonstrate that peptide D3 stabilizing Aβ monomer dynamically interacts with the extracellular juxtamembrane region of a membrane-bound fragment of an amyloid precursor protein containing the Aβ sequence. MD simulations based on NMR measurement results suggest that D3 targets the amyloidogenic region, not compromising its α-helicity and preventing intermolecular hydrogen bonding, thus creating prerequisites for inhibition of early steps of Aβ conversion into β-conformation and its toxic oligomerization. An enhanced understanding of the D3 action molecular mechanism facilitates development of effective AD treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard V Bocharov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anatoly S Urban
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Okhrimenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Pavel E Volynsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Bocharova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A Kornilov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Zagryadskaya
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anna V Kamynina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel K Kuzmichev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Najoua Bolakhrif
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Norbert A Dencher
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Physical Biochemistry, Chemistry department, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia.,School of Applied Mathematics, Higher School of Economics, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,IRIG, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Jose M, Sivanand A, Channakeshava C. Membrane Cholesterol Is a Critical Determinant for Hippocampal Neuronal Polarity. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:746211. [PMID: 34744625 PMCID: PMC8566733 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.746211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a normal cholesterol balance is crucial for the functioning of a healthy brain. Dysregulation in cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain have been correlated to various neurological disorders. The majority of previous studies in primary cultures focus on the role of cholesterol balance in neuronal development after polarity has been established. Here we have investigated how transient alteration of membrane lipids, specifically cholesterol, affects neuronal development and polarity in developing hippocampal neurons prior to polarity establishment, soon after initiation of neurite outgrowth. We observed that temporary cholesterol perturbation affects axonal and dendritic development differentially in an opposing manner. Transient membrane cholesterol deficiency increased neuronal population with a single neurite, simultaneously generating a second population of neurons with supernumerary axons. Brief replenishment of cholesterol immediately after cholesterol sequestering rescued neuronal development defects and restored polarity. The results showed a small window of cholesterol concentration to be complementing neurite outgrowth, polarity reestablishment, and in determining the normal neuronal morphology, emphasizing the critical role of precise membrane lipid balance in defining the neuronal architecture. Membrane cholesterol enhancement modified neurite outgrowth but did not significantly alter polarity. Cholesterol sequestering at later stages of development has shown to enhance neurite outgrowth, whereas distinct effects for neurite development and polarity were observed at early developmental stages, signifying the relevance of precise membrane cholesterol balance in altering neuronal physiology. Our results confirm cholesterol to be a key determinant for axo-dendritic specification and neuronal architecture and emphasize the possibility to reverse neuronal developmental defects caused by cholesterol deficiency by modulating membrane cholesterol during the early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Jose
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Aiswarya Sivanand
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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24
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Mett J, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Griebsch LV, Theiss EL, Grimm HS, Koivisto H, Tanila H, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Medium-Chain Length Fatty Acids Enhance Aβ Degradation by Affecting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Cells 2021; 10:2941. [PMID: 34831163 PMCID: PMC8616162 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a zinc-metalloprotease, is a key enzyme involved in Aβ degradation, which, in addition to Aβ production, is critical for Aβ homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that saturated medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) increase total Aβ degradation whereas longer saturated fatty acids result in an inhibition of its degradation, an effect which could not be detected in IDE knock-down cells. Further analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that MCFAs result in an increased exosomal IDE secretion, leading to an elevated extracellular and a decreased intracellular IDE level whereas gene expression of IDE was unaffected in dependence of the chain length. Additionally, MCFAs directly elevated the enzyme activity of recombinant IDE, while longer-chain length fatty acids resulted in an inhibited IDE activity. The effect of MCFAs on IDE activity could be confirmed in mice fed with a MCFA-enriched diet, revealing an increased IDE activity in serum. Our data underline that not only polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but also short-chain fatty acids, highly enriched, for example in coconut oil, might be beneficial in preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mett
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Anna A. Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Lea V. Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Elena L. Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Hennariikka Koivisto
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
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25
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Gallego R, Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Ibáñez E, Herrero M, Valdés A, Cifuentes A. In vitro Neuroprotective Potential and Lipidomics Study of Olive Leaves Extracts Enriched in Triterpenoids. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769218. [PMID: 34708068 PMCID: PMC8542692 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is associated with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque formation. Genetic, environmental, and nutrition factors have been suggested as contributors to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation events that are connected to AD etiology, and secondary metabolites, such as triterpenes, have shown promising results in AD prevention. In this work, the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of an olive leaves fraction enriched in triterpenoid compounds obtained using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and dynamic adsorption/desorption using sea sand as adsorbent has been performed. In addition, a comprehensive lipidomics study of the response of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line to this fraction was carried out using advanced analytical methodologies, namely, charged-surface hybrid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (CSH-Q-TOF MS/MS). The use of freely available lipidomic annotation tools and databases, and stringent cut-off filters allowed the annotation of more than 250 intracellular lipids. Advanced bioinformatics and statistical tools showed a number of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines significantly increased, which could explain the protection against the cell death caused by Aβ1-42. Moreover, several triacylglycerols were found decreased. These results suggest triterpenoids from olive leaves as good neuroprotective candidates, and open a new gate for future experiments using in vivo models to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gallego
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zully J. Suárez-Montenegro
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Akyol S, Ugur Z, Yilmaz A, Ustun I, Gorti SKK, Oh K, McGuinness B, Passmore P, Kehoe PG, Maddens ME, Green BD, Graham SF. Lipid Profiling of Alzheimer's Disease Brain Highlights Enrichment in Glycerol(phospho)lipid, and Sphingolipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:2591. [PMID: 34685570 PMCID: PMC8534054 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reported to be closely linked with abnormal lipid metabolism. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of what causes AD and its subsequent development, we profiled the lipidome of postmortem (PM) human brains (neocortex) of people with a range of AD pathology (Braak 0-6). Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we employed a semi-targeted, fully quantitative lipidomics profiling method (Lipidyzer) to compare the biochemical profiles of brain tissues from persons with mild AD (n = 15) and severe AD (AD; n = 16), and compared them with age-matched, cognitively normal controls (n = 16). Univariate analysis revealed that the concentrations of 420 lipid metabolites significantly (p < 0.05; q < 0.05) differed between AD and controls. A total of 49 lipid metabolites differed between mild AD and controls, and 439 differed between severe AD and mild AD. Interestingly, 13 different subclasses of lipids were significantly perturbed, including neutral lipids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids. Diacylglycerol (DAG) (14:0/14:0), triacylglycerol (TAG) (58:10/FA20:5), and TAG (48:4/FA18:3) were the most notably altered lipids when AD and control brains were compared (p < 0.05). When we compare mild AD and control brains, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (p-18:0/18:1), phosphatidylserine (PS) (18:1/18:2), and PS (14:0/22:6) differed the most (p < 0.05). PE (p-18:0/18:1), DAG (14:0/14:0), and PS (18:1/20:4) were identified as the most significantly perturbed lipids when AD and mild AD brains were compared (p < 0.05). Our analysis provides the most extensive lipid profiling yet undertaken in AD brain tissue and reveals the cumulative perturbation of several lipid pathways with progressive disease pathology. Lipidomics has considerable potential for studying AD etiology and identifying early diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA; (S.A.); (Z.U.); (A.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Zafer Ugur
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA; (S.A.); (Z.U.); (A.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA; (S.A.); (Z.U.); (A.Y.); (K.O.)
- William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48073, USA
| | - Ilyas Ustun
- College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA; (I.U.); (M.E.M.)
| | | | - Kyungjoon Oh
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA; (S.A.); (Z.U.); (A.Y.); (K.O.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (B.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (B.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrick G. Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Michael E. Maddens
- College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA; (I.U.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Brian D. Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA; (S.A.); (Z.U.); (A.Y.); (K.O.)
- College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA; (I.U.); (M.E.M.)
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27
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Fonseca EA, Lafeta L, Luiz Campos J, Cunha R, Barbosa A, Romano-Silva MA, Vieira R, Malard LM, Jorio A. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of lipid halo and dense-core amyloid plaques: aging process characterization in the Alzheimer's disease APPswePS1ΔE9 mouse model. Analyst 2021; 146:6014-6025. [PMID: 34505596 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid plaques is considered one of the main microscopic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since plaque formation can precede extensive neurodegeneration and it is the main clinical manifestation of AD, it constitutes a relevant target for new treatment and diagnostic approaches. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, a label-free technique, is an accurate method for amyloid plaque identification and characterization. Here, we present a high spatial resolution micro-Raman hyperspectral study in transgenic APPswePS1ΔE9 mouse brains, showing details of AD tissue biochemical and histological changes without staining. First we used stimulated micro-Raman scattering to identify the lipid-rich halo surrounding the amyloid plaque, and then proceeded with spontaneous (conventional) micro-Raman spectral mapping, which shows a cholesterol and sphingomyelin lipid-rich halo structure around dense-core amyloid plaques. The detailed images of this lipid halo relate morphologically well with dystrophic neurites surrounding plaques. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the micro-Raman hyperspectral data indicates the feasibility of the optical biomarkers of AD progression with the potential for discriminating transgenic groups of young adult mice (6-month-old) from older ones (12-month-old). Frequency-specific PCA suggests that plaque-related neurodegeneration is the predominant change captured by Raman spectroscopy, and the main differences are highlighted by vibrational modes associated with cholesterol located majorly in the lipid halo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson A Fonseca
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Tecnológica e Biofarmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lafeta
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - João Luiz Campos
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Renan Cunha
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Departamento de Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Malard
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Tecnológica e Biofarmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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28
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Shotgun lipidomics of liver and brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease model mice treated with acitretin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15301. [PMID: 34315969 PMCID: PMC8316403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very frequent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Acitretin, a retinoid-derivative and approved treatment for Psoriasis vulgaris,
increases non-amyloidogenic Amyloid-Precursor-Protein-(APP)-processing, prevents Aβ-production and elicits cognitive improvement in AD mouse models. As an unintended side effect, acitretin could result in hyperlipidemia. Here, we analyzed the impact of acitretin on the lipidome in brain and liver tissue in the 5xFAD mouse-model. In line with literature, triglycerides were increased in liver accompanied by increased PCaa, plasmalogens and acyl-carnitines, whereas SM-species were decreased. In brain, these effects were partially enhanced or similar but also inverted. While for SM and plasmalogens similar effects were found, PCaa, TAG and acyl-carnitines showed an inverse effect in both tissues. Our findings emphasize, that potential pharmaceuticals to treat AD should be carefully monitored with respect to lipid-homeostasis because APP-processing itself modulates lipid-metabolism and medication might result in further and unexpected changes. Moreover, deducing effects of brain lipid-homeostasis from results obtained for other tissues should be considered cautiously. With respect to acitretin, the increase in brain plasmalogens might display a further positive probability in AD-treatment, while other results, such as decreased SM, indicate the need of medical surveillance for treated patients.
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29
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Novel Insight in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) Biomarker Discovery in CSF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158034. [PMID: 34360799 PMCID: PMC8347603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a potentially reversible neurological disease, causing motor and cognitive dysfunction and dementia. iNPH and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share similar molecular characteristics, including amyloid deposition, t-tau and p-tau dysregulation; however, the disease is under-diagnosed and under-treated. The aim was to identify a panel of sphingolipids and proteins in CSF to diagnose iNPH at onset compared to aged subjects with cognitive integrity (C) and AD patients by adopting multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) for sphingolipid quantitative assessment and advanced high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for proteomic analysis. The results indicated that iNPH are characterized by an increase in very long chains Cer C22:0, Cer C24:0 and Cer C24:1 and of acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulins and complement component fragments. Proteins involved in synaptic signaling, axogenesis, including BACE1, APP, SEZ6L and SEZ6L2; secretory proteins (CHGA, SCG3 and VGF); glycosylation proteins (POMGNT1 and DAG1); and proteins involved in lipid metabolism (APOH and LCAT) were statistically lower in iNPH. In conclusion, at the disease onset, several factors contribute to maintaining cell homeostasis, and the protective role of very long chains sphingolipids counteract overexpression of amyloidogenic and neurotoxic proteins. Monitoring specific very long chain Cers will improve the early diagnosis and can promote patient follow-up.
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Platelet APP Processing: Is It a Tool to Explore the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080750. [PMID: 34440494 PMCID: PMC8401829 DOI: 10.3390/life11080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a critical event in the formation of amyloid plaques. Platelets contain most of the enzymatic machinery required for APP processing and correlates of intracerebral abnormalities have been demonstrated in platelets of patients with AD. The goal of the present paper was to analyze studies exploring platelet APP metabolism in Alzheimer's disease patients trying to assess potential reliable peripheral biomarkers, to offer new therapeutic solutions and to understand the pathophysiology of the AD. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review through the PubMed database up to June 2020 with the search terms: "((((((APP) OR Amyloid Precursor Protein) OR AbetaPP) OR Beta Amyloid) OR Amyloid Beta) OR APP-processing) AND platelet". Thirty-two studies were included in this systematic review. The papers included are analytic observational studies, namely twenty-nine cross sectional studies and three longitudinal studies, specifically prospective cohort study. The studies converge in an almost unitary way in affirming that subjects with AD show changes in APP processing compared to healthy age-matched controls. However, the problem of the specificity and sensitivity of these biomarkers is still at issue and would deserve to be deepened in future studies.
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Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Ilic K, Zjalić M, Mandić D, Debeljak Ž, Balog M, Damjanović V, Maček Hrvat N, Habek N, Kalanj-Bognar S, Schnaar RL, Heffer M. Who's in, who's out? Re-evaluation of lipid raft residents. J Neurochem 2021; 158:657-672. [PMID: 34081780 PMCID: PMC8363533 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts, membrane microdomains enriched with (glyco)sphingolipids, cholesterol, and select proteins, act as cellular signalosomes. Various methods have been used to separate lipid rafts from bulk (non‐raft) membranes, but most often, non‐ionic detergent Triton X‐100 has been used in their isolation. However, Triton X‐100 is a reported disruptor of lipid rafts. Histological evidence confirmed raft disruption by Triton X‐100, but remarkably revealed raft stability to treatment with a related polyethylene oxide detergent, Brij O20. We report isolation of detergent‐resistant membranes from mouse brain using Brij O20 and its use to determine the distribution of major mammalian brain gangliosides, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b. A different distribution of gangliosides—classically used as a raft marker—was discovered using Brij O20 versus Triton X‐100. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass spectrometry confirm the results. Use of Brij O20 results in a distinctive membrane distribution of gangliosides that is not all lipid raft associated, but depends on the ganglioside structure. This is the first report of a significant proportion of gangliosides outside raft domains. We also determined the distribution of proteins functionally related to neuroplasticity and known to be affected by ganglioside environment, glutamate receptor subunit 2, amyloid precursor protein and neuroplastin and report the lipid raft populations of these proteins in mouse brain tissue. This work will enable more accurate lipid raft analysis with respect to glycosphingolipid and membrane protein composition and lead to improved resolution of lipid–protein interactions within biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mlinac-Jerkovic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Ilic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Mandić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marta Balog
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Damjanović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Maček Hrvat
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Habek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Tegeder I, Kögel D. When lipid homeostasis runs havoc: Lipotoxicity links lysosomal dysfunction to autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Priya K, Siddesha JM, Dharini S, Shashanka KP. Interacting Models of Amyloid-β and Tau Proteins: An Approach to Identify Drug Targets in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:405-411. [PMID: 34189412 PMCID: PMC8203288 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia affecting millions each year across the world, though still remains incurable. This might be attributed to the lack of knowledge about the associated proteins, their cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the genesis of the disease. The discovery of drugs that earlier revolved around targeting the amyloid-β cascade has now been reformed with the upgraded knowledge of the cross-seeding ability of tau protein which opens new gateways for therapeutic targets. This article provides a comprehensive review of various direct and indirect connecting pathways between the two main proteins involved in development and progression of AD, enabling us to further expand our repertoire of information regarding the etiology of AD. The current review indicates the need for extensive research in this niche, thus considerable advances can be made in understanding AD which eventually helps to improve the current therapeutics against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadgawat Priya
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - J M Siddesha
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashank Dharini
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K Prasad Shashanka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Structural Studies Providing Insights into Production and Conformational Behavior of Amyloid-β Peptide Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102897. [PMID: 34068293 PMCID: PMC8153327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease in the world. Genetic evidence strongly suggests that aberrant generation, aggregation, and/or clearance of neurotoxic amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) triggers the disease. Aβ accumulates at the points of contact of neurons in ordered cords and fibrils, forming the so-called senile plaques. Aβ isoforms of different lengths are found in healthy human brains regardless of age and appear to play a role in signaling pathways in the brain and to have neuroprotective properties at low concentrations. In recent years, different substances have been developed targeting Aβ production, aggregation, interaction with other molecules, and clearance, including peptide-based drugs. Aβ is a product of sequential cleavage of the membrane glycoprotein APP (amyloid precursor protein) by β- and γ-secretases. A number of familial mutations causing an early onset of the disease have been identified in the APP, especially in its transmembrane domain. The mutations are reported to influence the production, oligomerization, and conformational behavior of Aβ peptides. This review highlights the results of structural studies of the main proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms by which perspective therapeutic substances can affect Aβ production and nucleation.
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Capone R, Tiwari A, Hadziselimovic A, Peskova Y, Hutchison JM, Sanders CR, Kenworthy AK. The C99 domain of the amyloid precursor protein resides in the disordered membrane phase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100652. [PMID: 33839158 PMCID: PMC8113881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) via the amyloidogenic pathway is associated with the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. The cleavage of APP by β-secretase to generate the transmembrane 99-residue C-terminal fragment (C99) and subsequent processing of C99 by γ-secretase to yield amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are essential steps in this pathway. Biochemical evidence suggests that amyloidogenic processing of C99 occurs in cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched liquid-ordered phase membrane rafts. However, direct evidence that C99 preferentially associates with these rafts has remained elusive. Here, we tested this by quantifying the affinity of C99-GFP for raft domains in cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). We found that C99 was essentially excluded from ordered domains in vesicles from HeLa cells, undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, or SH-SY5Y-derived neurons; instead, ∼90% of C99 partitioned into disordered domains. The strong association of C99 with disordered domains occurred independently of its cholesterol-binding activity or homodimerization, or of the presence of the familial Alzheimer disease Arctic mutation (APP E693G). Finally, through biochemical studies we confirmed previous results, which showed that C99 is processed in the plasma membrane by α-secretase, in addition to the well-known γ-secretase. These findings suggest that C99 itself lacks an intrinsic affinity for raft domains, implying that either i) amyloidogenic processing of the protein occurs in disordered regions of the membrane, ii) processing involves a marginal subpopulation of C99 found in rafts, or iii) as-yet-unidentified protein-protein interactions with C99 in living cells drive this protein into membrane rafts to promote its cleavage therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Capone
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ajit Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Yelena Peskova
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James M Hutchison
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anne K Kenworthy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Abstract
Protein aggregation and amyloid formation are pathogenic events underlying the development of an increasingly large number of human diseases named “proteinopathies”. Abnormal accumulation in affected tissues of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and the prion protein, to mention a few, are involved in the occurrence of Alzheimer’s (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prion diseases, respectively. Many reports suggest that the toxic properties of amyloid aggregates are correlated with their ability to damage cell membranes. However, the molecular mechanisms causing toxic amyloid/membrane interactions are still far to be completely elucidated. This review aims at describing the mutual relationships linking abnormal protein conformational transition and self-assembly into amyloid aggregates with membrane damage. A cross-correlated analysis of all these closely intertwined factors is thought to provide valuable insights for a comprehensive molecular description of amyloid diseases and, in turn, the design of effective therapies.
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García-Viñuales S, Sciacca MFM, Lanza V, Santoro AM, Grasso G, Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Coletta M, Grasso G, La Rosa C, Milardi D. The interplay between lipid and Aβ amyloid homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: risk factors and therapeutic opportunities. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105072. [PMID: 33675779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits of Aβ peptide in the brain. Besides genetic background, the presence of other diseases and an unhealthy lifestyle are known risk factors for AD development. Albeit accumulating clinical evidence suggests that an impaired lipid metabolism is related to Aβ deposition, mechanistic insights on the link between amyloid fibril formation/clearance and aberrant lipid interactions are still unavailable. Recently, many studies have described the key role played by membrane bound Aβ assemblies in neurotoxicity. Moreover, it has been suggested that a derangement of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and autophagy is significantly correlated with toxic Aβ aggregation and dysregulation of lipid levels. Thus, studies focusing on the role played by lipids in Aβ aggregation and proteostasis could represent a promising area of investigation for the design of valuable treatments. In this review we examine current knowledge concerning the effects of lipids in Aβ aggregation and degradation processes, focusing on the therapeutic opportunities that a comprehensive understanding of all biophysical, biochemical, and biological processes involved may disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele F M Sciacca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy.
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Lefèvre-Arbogast S, Hejblum BP, Helmer C, Klose C, Manach C, Low DY, Urpi-Sarda M, Andres-Lacueva C, González-Domínguez R, Aigner L, Altendorfer B, Lucassen PJ, Ruigrok SR, De Lucia C, Du Preez A, Proust-Lima C, Thuret S, Korosi A, Samieri C. Early signature in the blood lipidome associated with subsequent cognitive decline in the elderly: A case-control analysis nested within the Three-City cohort study. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103216. [PMID: 33508744 PMCID: PMC7841305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain lipid metabolism appears critical for cognitive aging, but whether alterations in the lipidome relate to cognitive decline remains unclear at the system level. METHODS We studied participants from the Three-City study, a multicentric cohort of older persons, free of dementia at time of blood sampling, and who provided repeated measures of cognition over 12 subsequent years. We measured 189 serum lipids from 13 lipid classes using shotgun lipidomics in a case-control sample on cognitive decline (matched on age, sex and level of education) nested within the Bordeaux study center (discovery, n = 418). Associations with cognitive decline were investigated using bootstrapped penalized regression, and tested for validation in the Dijon study center (validation, n = 314). FINDINGS Among 17 lipids identified in the discovery stage, lower levels of the triglyceride TAG50:5, and of four membrane lipids (sphingomyelin SM40:2,2, phosphatidylethanolamine PE38:5(18:1/20:4), ether-phosphatidylethanolamine PEO34:3(16:1/18:2), and ether-phosphatidylcholine PCO34:1(16:1/18:0)), and higher levels of PCO32:0(16:0/16:0), were associated with greater odds of cognitive decline, and replicated in our validation sample. INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that in the blood lipidome of non-demented older persons, a specific profile of lipids involved in membrane fluidity, myelination, and lipid rafts, is associated with subsequent cognitive decline. FUNDING The complete list of funders is available at the end of the manuscript, in the Acknowledgement section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Boris P Hejblum
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France; Inria SISTM, Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | | | - Claudine Manach
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR1019, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Dorrain Y Low
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR1019, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Silvie R Ruigrok
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Chiara De Lucia
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Du Preez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Proust-Lima
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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Taleski G, Schuhmacher D, Su H, Sontag JM, Sontag E. Disturbances in PP2A methylation and one-carbon metabolism compromise Fyn distribution, neuritogenesis, and APP regulation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100237. [PMID: 33380425 PMCID: PMC7948947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Fyn and protein Ser/Thr phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are major multifunctional signaling molecules. Deregulation of Fyn and altered PP2A methylation are implicated in cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the methylation state of PP2A catalytic subunit, which influences PP2A subunit composition and substrate specificity, can affect Fyn regulation and function. Using Neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cell models, we first show that methylated PP2A holoenzymes containing the Bα subunit coimmunoprecipitate and copurify with Fyn in membrane rafts. PP2A methylation status regulates Fyn distribution and Fyn-dependent neuritogenesis, likely in part by affecting actin dynamics. A methylation-incompetent PP2A mutant fails to interact with Fyn. It perturbs the normal partitioning of Fyn and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in membrane microdomains, which governs Fyn function and APP processing. This correlates with enhanced amyloidogenic cleavage of APP, a hallmark of AD pathogenesis. Conversely, enhanced PP2A methylation promotes the nonamyloidogenic cleavage of APP in a Fyn-dependent manner. Disturbances in one-carbon metabolic pathways that control cellular methylation are associated with AD and cancer. Notably, they induce a parallel loss of membrane-associated methylated PP2A and Fyn enzymes in N2a cells and acute mouse brain slices. One-carbon metabolism also modulates Fyn-dependent process outgrowth in N2a cells. Thus, our findings identify a novel methylation-dependent PP2A/Fyn signaling module. They highlight the underestimated importance of cross talks between essential metabolic pathways and signaling scaffolds that are involved in normal cell homeostasis and currently being targeted for cancer and AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Schuhmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Su
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010011. [PMID: 33374313 PMCID: PMC7824310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Kedia S, Ramakrishna P, Netrakanti PR, Singh N, Sisodia SS, Jose M, Kumar S, Mahadevan A, Ramanan N, Nadkarni S, Nair D. Alteration in synaptic nanoscale organization dictates amyloidogenic processing in Alzheimer's disease. iScience 2020; 24:101924. [PMID: 33409475 PMCID: PMC7773964 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intuitive insights into differential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the stochasticity behind local product formation through amyloidogenic pathway at individual synapses remain unclear. Here, we show that the major components of amyloidogenic machinery namely, APP and secretases are discretely organized into nanodomains of high local concentration compared to their immediate environment in functional zones of the synapse. Additionally, with the aid of multiple models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we confirm that this discrete nanoscale chemical map of amyloidogenic machinery is altered at excitatory synapses. Furthermore, we provide realistic models of amyloidogenic processing in unitary vesicles originating from the endocytic zone of excitatory synapses. Thus, we show how an alteration in the stochasticity of synaptic nanoscale organization contributes to the dynamic range of C-terminal fragments β (CTFβ) production, defining the heterogeneity of amyloidogenic processing at individual synapses, leading to long-term synaptic deficits as seen in AD. Components of amyloidogenic machinery are organized into nanodomains Assembly of nanodomains differs between functional zones of the synapse Stochasticity of nanoscale organization dictates dynamic range of APP proteolysis Variability in composition of amyloidogenic machinery is associated with AD
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | - Nivedita Singh
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sangram S Sisodia
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mini Jose
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, NIMHANS, Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Suhita Nadkarni
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Cho YY, Kwon OH, Chung S. Preferred Endocytosis of Amyloid Precursor Protein from Cholesterol-Enriched Lipid Raft Microdomains. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235490. [PMID: 33255194 PMCID: PMC7727664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the plasma membrane is internalized via endocytosis and delivered to endo/lysosomes, where neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) is produced via β-, γ-secretases. Hence, endocytosis plays a key role in the processing of APP and subsequent Aβ generation. β-, γ-secretases as well as APP are localized in cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains. However, it is still unclear whether lipid rafts are the site where APP undergoes endocytosis and whether cholesterol levels affect this process. In this study, we found that localization of APP in lipid rafts was increased by elevated cholesterol level. We also showed that increasing or decreasing cholesterol levels increased or decreased APP endocytosis, respectively. When we labeled cell surface APP, APP localized in lipid rafts preferentially underwent endocytosis compared to nonraft-localized APP. In addition, APP endocytosis from lipid rafts was regulated by cholesterol levels. Our results demonstrate for the first time that cholesterol levels regulate the localization of APP in lipid rafts affecting raft-dependent APP endocytosis. Thus, regulating the microdomain localization of APP could offer a new therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.
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43
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Blank M, Hopf C. Spatially resolved mass spectrometry analysis of amyloid plaque-associated lipids. J Neurochem 2020; 159:330-342. [PMID: 33048341 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, considerable technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based bioanalysis have enabled the investigation of lipid signatures in neuropathological structures. In Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) research, it is now well accepted that lipid dysregulation plays a key role in AD pathogenesis and progression. This review summarizes current MS-based strategies, notably MALDI and ToF-SIMS imaging as well as laser capture microdissection combined with LC-ESI-MS. It also presents recent advances to assess lipid alterations associated with Amyloid-β plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD. Collectively, these methodologies offer new opportunities for the study of lipids, thus pushing forward our understanding of their role in such a complex and still untreatable disease as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Blank
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CEBIME/PROPESQ), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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44
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Neuner SM, Tcw J, Goate AM. Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104976. [PMID: 32565066 PMCID: PMC7409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic and genomic technologies over the last thirty years have greatly enhanced our knowledge concerning the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several genes including APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE have been shown to exhibit large effects on disease susceptibility, with the remaining risk loci having much smaller effects on AD risk. Notably, common genetic variants impacting AD are not randomly distributed across the genome. Instead, these variants are enriched within regulatory elements active in human myeloid cells, and to a lesser extent liver cells, implicating these cell and tissue types as critical to disease etiology. Integrative approaches are emerging as highly effective for identifying the specific target genes through which AD risk variants act and will likely yield important insights related to potential therapeutic targets in the coming years. In the future, additional consideration of sex- and ethnicity-specific contributions to risk as well as the contribution of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions will likely be necessary to further improve our understanding of AD genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Neuner
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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45
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Grimm MOW, Blümel T, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Stahlmann C, Mett J, Haupenthal VJ, Miederer AM, Niemeyer BA, Grimm HS, Hartmann T. The impact of capsaicinoids on APP processing in Alzheimer's disease in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9164. [PMID: 32514053 PMCID: PMC7280252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The vanilloid capsaicin is a widely consumed spice, known for its burning and "hot" sensation through activation of TRPV1 ion-channels, but also known to decrease oxidative stress, inflammation and influence tau-pathology. Beside these positive effects, little is known about its effects on amyloid-precursor-protein (APP) processing leading to amyloid-β (Aβ), the major component of senile plaques. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with capsaicinoids (24 hours, 10 µM) resulted in enhanced Aβ-production and reduced Aβ-degradation, leading to increased Aβ-levels. In detailed analysis of the amyloidogenic-pathway, both BACE1 gene-expression as well as protein-levels were found to be elevated, leading to increased β-secretase-activity. Additionally, γ-secretase gene-expression as well as activity was enhanced, accompanied by a shift of presenilin from non-raft to raft membrane-domains where amyloidogenic processing takes place. Furthermore, impaired Aβ-degradation in presence of capsaicinoids is dependent on the insulin-degrading-enzyme, one of the major Aβ-degrading-enzymes. Regarding Aβ-homeostasis, no differences were found between the major capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, and a mixture of naturally derived capsaicinoids; effects on Ca2+-homeostasis were ruled out. Our results show that in respect to Alzheimer's disease, besides the known positive effects of capsaicinoids, pro-amyloidogenic properties also exist, enhancing Aβ-levels, likely restricting the potential use of capsaicinoids as therapeutic substances in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O W Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Tamara Blümel
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Anna A Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | | | | | - Janine Mett
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, Faculty NT - Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, CIPMM, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Heike S Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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46
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Sáez-Orellana F, Octave JN, Pierrot N. Alzheimer's Disease, a Lipid Story: Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2020; 9:E1215. [PMID: 32422896 PMCID: PMC7290654 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) production are responsible for inherited AD cases. The amyloid cascade hypothesis was proposed to explain the pathogeny. Despite the fact that Aβ is considered as the main culprit of the pathology, most clinical trials focusing on Aβ failed and suggested that earlier interventions are needed to influence the course of AD. Therefore, identifying risk factors that predispose to AD is crucial. Among them, the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene that encodes the major brain lipid carrier and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes were identified as AD risk factors, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism could influence the progression of the disease. Among lipids, fatty acids (FAs) play a fundamental role in proper brain function, including memory. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a master metabolic regulator that regulates the catabolism of FA. Several studies report an essential role of PPARα in neuronal function governing synaptic plasticity and cognition. In this review, we explore the implication of lipid metabolism in AD, with a special focus on PPARα and its potential role in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sáez-Orellana
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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47
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Kedia S, Ramakrishna P, Netrakanti PR, Jose M, Sibarita JB, Nadkarni S, Nair D. Real-time nanoscale organization of amyloid precursor protein. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8200-8215. [PMID: 32255447 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite an intuitive understanding of the role of APP in health and disease, there exist few attempts to dissect its molecular localization at excitatory synapses. Though the biochemistry involved in the enzymatic processing of APP is well understood, there is a void in understanding the nonuniformity of the product formation in vivo. Here, we employed multiple paradigms of single molecules and ensemble based nanoscopic imaging to reveal that APP molecules are organized into regulatory nanodomains that are differentially compartmentalized in the functional zones of an excitatory synapse. Furthermore, with the aid of high density single particle tracking, we show that the lateral diffusion of APP in live cells dictates an equilibrium between these nanodomains and their nano-environment, which is affected in a detrimental variant of APP. Additionally, we incorporate this spatio-temporal detail 'in silico' to generate a realistic nanoscale topography of APP in dendrites and synapses. This approach uncovers a nanoscale heterogeneity in the molecular organization of APP, depicting a locus for differential APP processing. This holistic paradigm, to decipher the real-time heterogeneity of the substrate molecules on the nanoscale, could enable us to better evaluate the molecular constraints overcoming the ensemble approaches used traditionally to understand the kinetics of product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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48
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Hu Z, Jiao R, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhao J, De Jager P, Bennett DA, Jin L, Xiong M. Shared Causal Paths underlying Alzheimer's dementia and Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4107. [PMID: 32139775 PMCID: PMC7058072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease and type 2 diabetes MELLITUS (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, an increasing number of genetic epidemiological studies show clear link between AD and T2DM. The current approach to uncovering the shared pathways between AD and T2DM involves association analysis; however such analyses lack power to discover the mechanisms of the diseases. As an alternative, we developed novel causal inference methods for genetic studies of AD and T2DM and pipelines for systematic multi-omic casual analysis to infer multilevel omics causal networks for the discovery of common paths from genetic variants to AD and T2DM. The proposed pipelines were applied to 448 individuals from the ROSMAP Project. We identified 13 shared causal genes, 16 shared causal pathways between AD and T2DM, and 754 gene expression and 101 gene methylation nodes that were connected to both AD and T2DM in multi-omics causal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Phil De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10033, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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49
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Crivelli SM, Giovagnoni C, Visseren L, Scheithauer AL, de Wit N, den Hoedt S, Losen M, Mulder MT, Walter J, de Vries HE, Bieberich E, Martinez-Martinez P. Sphingolipids in Alzheimer's disease, how can we target them? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:214-231. [PMID: 31911096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered levels of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the brain, and the related downstream effects on neuronal homeostasis and the immune system, provide a framework for understanding mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and for developing new intervention strategies. In this review we will discuss: the metabolites of sphingolipids that function as second messengers; and functional aberrations of the pathway resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Focusing on the central product of the sphingolipid pathway ceramide, we describ approaches to pharmacologically decrease ceramide levels in the brain and we argue on how the sphingolipid pathway may represent a new framework for developing novel intervention strategies in AD. We also highlight the possible use of clinical and non-clinical drugs to modulate the sphingolipid pathway and sphingolipid-related biological cascades.
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50
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van Kruining D, Luo Q, van Echten-Deckert G, Mielke MM, Bowman A, Ellis S, Oliveira TG, Martinez-Martinez P. Sphingolipids as prognostic biomarkers of neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and psychiatric diseases and their emerging role in lipidomic investigation methods. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:232-244. [PMID: 32360155 PMCID: PMC7665829 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play an important role in neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and psychiatric disorders and an imbalance in sphingolipid levels is associated with disease. Although early diagnosis and intervention of these disorders would clearly have favorable long-term outcomes, no diagnostic tests currently exist that can accurately identify people at risk. Reliable prognostic biomarkers that are easily accessible would be beneficial to determine therapy and treatment response in clinical trials. Recent advances in lipidomic investigation methods have greatly progressed the knowledge of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders over the past decades although more longitudinal studies are needed to understand its exact role in these disorders to be used as potential tools in the clinic. In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders and explore recent advances in investigation methods. Finally, the potential of sphingolipid metabolism products and signaling molecules as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostic, or surrogate markers of treatment response is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan van Kruining
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Qian Luo
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Andrew Bowman
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Shane Ellis
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), ICVS/3B's, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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