1
|
Parr-Cortes Z, Müller CT, Talas L, Mendl M, Guest C, Rooney NJ. The odour of an unfamiliar stressed or relaxed person affects dogs' responses to a cognitive bias test. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15843. [PMID: 39039125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dogs can discriminate stressed from non-stressed human odour samples, but the effect on their cognition is unstudied. Using a cognitive bias task, we tested how human odours affect dogs' likelihood of approaching a food bowl placed at three ambiguous locations ("near-positive", "middle" and "near-negative") between trained "positive" (rewarded) and "negative" (unrewarded) locations. Using odour samples collected from three unfamiliar volunteers during stressful and relaxing activities, we tested eighteen dogs under three conditions: no odour, stress odour and relaxed odour, with the order of test odours counterbalanced across dogs. When exposed to stress odour during session three, dogs were significantly less likely to approach a bowl placed at one of the three ambiguous locations (near-negative) compared to no odour, indicating possible risk-reduction behaviours in response to the smell of human stress. Dogs' learning of trained positive and negative locations improved with repeated testing and was significant between sessions two and three only when exposed to stress odour during session three, suggesting odour influenced learning. This is the first study to show that without visual or auditory cues, olfactory cues of human stress may affect dogs' cognition and learning, which, if true, could have important consequences for dog welfare and working performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Parr-Cortes
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - C T Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - L Talas
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - M Mendl
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - C Guest
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, MK17 0NP, UK
| | - N J Rooney
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, MK17 0NP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tong C, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, JunLiang Lim K, Guan C. TASA: Temporal Attention With Spatial Autoencoder Network for Odor-Induced Emotion Classification Using EEG. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1944-1954. [PMID: 38722724 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3399326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory system enables humans to smell different odors, which are closely related to emotions. The high temporal resolution and non-invasiveness of Electroencephalogram (EEG) make it suitable to objectively study human preferences for odors. Effectively learning the temporal dynamics and spatial information from EEG is crucial for detecting odor-induced emotional valence. In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture called Temporal Attention with Spatial Autoencoder Network (TASA) for predicting odor-induced emotions using EEG. TASA consists of a filter-bank layer, a spatial encoder, a time segmentation layer, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) module, a multi-head self-attention (MSA) layer, and a fully connected layer. We improve upon the previous work by utilizing a two-phase learning framework, using the autoencoder module to learn the spatial information among electrodes by reconstructing the given input with a latent representation in the spatial dimension, which aims to minimize information loss compared to spatial filtering with CNN. The second improvement is inspired by the continuous nature of the olfactory process; we propose to use LSTM-MSA in TASA to capture its temporal dynamics by learning the intercorrelation among the time segments of the EEG. TASA is evaluated on an existing olfactory EEG dataset and compared with several existing deep learning architectures to demonstrate its effectiveness in predicting olfactory-triggered emotional responses. Interpretability analyses with DeepLIFT also suggest that TASA learns spatial-spectral features that are relevant to olfactory-induced emotion recognition.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim S, Choi T, Bang E. Investigation of odor pollution by utilizing selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:550. [PMID: 38743156 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Odor pollution, also referred to as odor nuisance, is a growing environmental concern that is significantly associated with mental health. Once emitted into the air, the concentration of odorous substances varies considerably with wind conditions, leading to difficulties in timely sampling. In the present study, we employed selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to measure 22 odor-producing molecules continuously in an urban-rural complex city. In addition, we applied statistical analyses, principal component analysis (PCA), and a conditional probability function (CPF) to the datasets obtained from SIFT-MS to identify the odor characteristics at two study sites. At site A, odorants related to livestock farming and industry showed high factor loadings on principal components (PCs) from the PCA. In contrast, we estimated that the odorous gaseous chemicals affecting site B were closely related to sewage treatment and municipal solid waste disposal. Similar CPF patterns of grouped substances from the PCA supported the association between potential odor sources and specific odorants at site B, which helped estimate possible source locations. Consequently, our findings indicate that continuous monitoring of odorous substances using SIFT-MS can be an effective way to provide sufficient information on odor-producing molecules, leading to the clear identification of odor characteristics despite the high variability of odorous substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangcheol Kim
- Sejong Institute of Health and Environment, Twelve Seobukbu 2-Ro, Jochiwon-Eup, Sejong, 30015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeryeong Choi
- Sejong Institute of Health and Environment, Twelve Seobukbu 2-Ro, Jochiwon-Eup, Sejong, 30015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Bang
- Sejong Institute of Health and Environment, Twelve Seobukbu 2-Ro, Jochiwon-Eup, Sejong, 30015, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinec Nováková L, Miletínová E, Kliková M, Bušková J. Nocturnal exposure to a preferred ambient scent does not affect dream emotionality or post-sleep core affect valence in young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10369. [PMID: 38710748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions experienced within sleep mentation (dreaming) affect mental functioning in waking life. There have been attempts at enhancing dream emotions using olfactory stimulation. Odors readily acquire affective value, but to profoundly influence emotional processing, they should bear personal significance for the perceiver rather than be generally pleasant. The main objective of the present sleep laboratory study was to examine whether prolonged nocturnal exposure to self-selected, preferred ambient room odor while asleep influences emotional aspects of sleep mentation and valence of post-sleep core affect. We asked twenty healthy participants (12 males, mean age 25 ± 4 years) to pick a commercially available scented room diffuser cartridge that most readily evoked positively valenced mental associations. In weekly intervals, the participants attended three sessions. After the adaptation visit, they were administered the odor exposure and odorless control condition in a balanced order. Participants were awakened five minutes into the first rapid eye movement (REM) stage that took place after 2:30 a.m. and, if they had been dreaming, they were asked to rate their mental sleep experience for pleasantness, emotional charge, and magnitude of positive and negative emotions and also to evaluate their post-sleep core affect valence. With rs < 0.20, no practically or statistically significant differences existed between exposure and control in any outcome measures. We conclude that in young, healthy participants, the practical value of olfactory stimulation with self-selected preferred scents for enhancement of dream emotions and post-sleep core affect valence is very limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Martinec Nováková
- Department of Chemical Education and Humanities, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Miletínová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kliková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bušková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porcheron A, Latreille J, Sauvet F, Bardel MH. Evaluation of a daily facial massage on perceived sleep quality and well-being: A pilot study. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38561643 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disorders are widespread and constitute a major public health risk. The present study thus aims to investigate the effect of a facial cosmetic self-massage daily routine on women's sleep and well-being. METHODS The present pilot study was conducted on 62 middle-aged women declaring daily tiredness and sleep troubles. We examined the effect of a regular facial cosmetic self-massage routine on sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness, and well-being over the course of 2 months. RESULTS After 1 and 2 months, our results show improved sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI - -20.2% after 2 months), reduced daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS, -31.2% after 2 months), and increased well-being measures. The number of participants with abnormal sleep (PSQI >5) decreased over the course of the experiment as well, from 71.9% to 49.2% at the end of the 2 months [odds ratio 95% CI for decrease: 0.38 (0.18-0.81)]. Similarly, the number of participants with excessive daytime sleepiness (>10 on the ESS) decreased over the course of the study from 44.3% to 21% after 1 month [95% CI: 0.33 (0.15-0.73)] and to 16.1% after 2 months [95% CI: 0.24 (0.10-0.56)]. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a facial cosmetic self-massage routine may improve sleep patterns and is likely to be a useful addition to a standard sleep hygiene routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Latreille
- Biological and Clinical Department, CHANEL Parfums Beauté, Pantin, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- UPR7330 VIFASOM, Hôtel Dieu (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nehls S, Losse E, Enzensberger C, Frodl T, Chechko N. Time-sensitive changes in the maternal brain and their influence on mother-child attachment. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38331939 PMCID: PMC10853535 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are characterized by an increased neuroplasticity in the maternal brain. To explore the dynamics of postpartum changes in gray matter volume (GMV), magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 20 healthy postpartum women immediately after childbirth and at 3-week intervals for 12 postpartum weeks. The control group comprised 20 age-matched nulliparous women. The first 6 postpartum weeks (constituting the subacute postpartum period) are associated with decreasing progesterone levels and a massive restructuring in GMV, affecting the amygdala/hippocampus, the prefrontal/subgenual cortex, and the insula, which approach their sizes in nulliparous women only around weeks 3-6 postpartum. Based on the amygdala volume shortly after delivery, the maternal brain can be reliably distinguished from the nulliparous brain. Even 12 weeks after childbirth, the GMV in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and the cortical thickness of the subgenual and lateral prefrontal cortices do not reach the pre-pregnancy levels. During this period, a volume decrease is seen in the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the dorsal striatum. A less hostile behavior toward the child at 6-12 weeks postpartum is predicted by the GMV change in the amygdala, the temporal pole, the olfactory gyrus, the anterior cingulate, the thalamus and the cerebellum in the same period. In summary, the restructuring of the maternal brain follows time-dependent trajectories. The fact that the volume changes persist at 12 weeks postpartum indicates that the maternal brain does not fully revert to pre-pregnancy physiology. Postpartum neuroplasticity suggests that these changes may be particularly significant in the regions important for parenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nehls
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM-10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Elena Losse
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM-10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Natalia Chechko
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM-10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berg P, Mappes T, Kujala MV. Olfaction in the canine cognitive and emotional processes: From behavioral and neural viewpoints to measurement possibilities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105527. [PMID: 38160722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have excellent olfactory processing capabilities that are utilized widely in human society e.g., working with customs, police, and army; their scent detection is also used in guarding, hunting, mold-sniffing, searching for missing people or animals, and facilitating the life of the disabled. Sniffing and searching for odors is a natural, species-typical behavior and essential for the dog's welfare. While taking advantage of this canine ability widely, we understand its foundations and implications quite poorly. We can improve animal welfare by better understanding their olfactory world. In this review, we outline the olfactory processing of dogs in the nervous system, summarize the current knowledge of scent detection and differentiation; the effect of odors on the dogs' cognitive and emotional processes and the dog-human bond; and consider the methodological advancements that could be developed further to aid in our understanding of the canine world of odors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Berg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland,.
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Miiamaaria V Kujala
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO BOX 35, FI-40014, Finland,; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 57, FI-00014, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Zhang P, Dong Q, Zhao Z, Zheng W, Zhang J, Hu X, Yao Z, Hu B. Fine-grained features characterize hippocampal and amygdaloid change pattern in Parkinson's disease and discriminate cognitive-deficit subtype. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14480. [PMID: 37849445 PMCID: PMC10805398 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To extract vertex-wise features of the hippocampus and amygdala in Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) and further evaluate their discriminatory efficacy. METHODS High-resolution 3D-T1 data were collected from 68 PD-MCI, 211 PD-NC, and 100 matched healthy controls (HC). Surface geometric features were captured using surface conformal representation, and surfaces were registered to a common template using fluid registration. The statistical tests were performed to detect differences between groups. The disease-discriminatory ability of features was also tested in the ensemble classifiers. RESULTS The amygdala, not the hippocampus, showed significant overall differences among the groups. Compared with PD-NC, the right amygdala in MCI patients showed expansion (anterior cortical, anterior amygdaloid, and accessory basal areas) and atrophy (basolateral ventromedial area) subregions. There was notable atrophy in the right CA1 and hippocampal subiculum of PD-MCI. The accuracy of classifiers with multivariate morphometry statistics as features exceeded 85%. CONCLUSION PD-MCI is associated with multiscale morphological changes in the amygdala, as well as subtle atrophy in the hippocampus. These novel metrics demonstrated the potential to serve as biomarkers for PD-MCI diagnosis. Overall, these findings from this study help understand the role of subcortical structures in the neuropathological mechanisms of PD cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular ImagingLanzhouChina
| | - Qunxi Dong
- School of Medical TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Ziyang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular ImagingLanzhouChina
| | - Xiping Hu
- School of Medical TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Zhijun Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- School of Medical TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Joint Research Center for Cognitive Neurosensor Technology of Lanzhou University & Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ay U, Yıldırım Z, Erdogdu E, Kiçik A, Ozturk-Isik E, Demiralp T, Gurvit H. Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1309-1320. [PMID: 37786655 PMCID: PMC10542039 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala's nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09887-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Ay
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Yıldırım
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, 34200 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Erdogdu
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Isik University, 34980 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ani Kiçik
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Blasio C, Dind J, Petitpierre G. Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1066286. [PMID: 37692315 PMCID: PMC10484511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1066286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Odors are closely linked to emotions, play an important role in the well-being of individuals and can influence mood. Despite these crucial properties, the hedonic responses to odors of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain little explored. Aim This within-subjects study aims to examine whether children and young people with PIMD react in a differentiated way to odors evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant by neurotypical adults and, if so, with which behaviors. The influence of their global mood on their emotional responses to odors is also examined. Method Twenty children and young people (7-18 years old) with PIMD were exposed to four pairs of hedonically contrasted odors. A control stimulus was presented before each odorant. Five emotional responses, one physiological reaction (nausea reactions), and three responses reflecting approach toward or avoidance of the stimulus were recorded throughout the duration of the stimulus exposure. The participants' global mood status was measured before the start of the research with the French version of the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire (Ross and Oliver, 2003). Results The results show that when exposed to pleasant odorants, participants kept their heads aligned with the odorant source longer, smiled longer, and produced more positive vocalizations. In contrast, unpleasant odorants elicit more pouts and grimaces. Nausea reactions occurred in the presence of unpleasant odorants. The hedonic responses were more marked during the second presentation of the stimuli. Participants with a higher MIPQ score showed significantly more emotional reactions to odors. Conclusion The results confirm the presence of olfactory preferences in participants with PIMD and the existence of a link between their mood, emotions and olfactory hedonic processing. They prompt the use of odors to support not only the cognitive development of this population, but also their mood and their emotional regulation abilities.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gunder N, Dörig P, Witt M, Welge-Lüssen A, Menzel S, Hummel T. Future therapeutic strategies for olfactory disorders: electrical stimulation, stem cell therapy, and transplantation of olfactory epithelium-an overview. HNO 2023; 71:35-43. [PMID: 36734997 PMCID: PMC9897160 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-022-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory disorders may be temporary or permanent and can have various causes. Currently, many COVID-19 patients report a reduced or complete loss of olfactory function. A wide range of treatment options have been investigated in the past, such as olfactory training, acupuncture, medical therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or surgical excision of olfactory epithelium, e.g., in severe qualitative smell disorders. The development of a bioelectric nose, e.g., in connection with direct electrical stimulation or transplantation of olfactory epithelium or stem cells, represent treatment options of the future. The basis of these developments and the state of knowledge is discussed in the following work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gunder
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - P Dörig
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Witt
- Institut für Anatomie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - S Menzel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hummel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martial C, Poirrier AL, Pottier L, Cassol H, Mortaheb S, Panda R, Lopez M, Perrin T, Boilevin A, Gosseries O, Laureys S. From nose to brain: The effect of lemon inhalation observed by whole brain voxel to voxel functional connectivity. Cortex 2023; 165:119-128. [PMID: 37285762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lemon fragrance is known for its stimulating properties, but its mechanisms of action are not well known yet. This study aimed to examine the effect of lemon essential oil inhalation on healthy participants' alertness level and their neural correlates using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-one healthy men underwent functional MRI scans in different conditions: a resting state condition, a condition where they were exposed to passive lemon smelling (alternating exposure to lemon and breathing fresh air), and a control condition without lemon fragrance diffusion -the order of the last two conditions being randomized. Alertness levels were assessed immediately after each condition using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Voxel-wise whole-brain global functional connectivity and graph theory analyses were computed to investigate brain functional connectivity and network topology alterations. After lemon fragrance inhalation, we observed a higher level of alertness as compared to resting state -but not compared to control condition. During lemon fragrance inhalation, we found increased global functional connectivity in the thalamus, paralleled by decreased global connectivity in several cortical regions such as precuneus, postcentral and precentral gyrus, lateral occipital cortex and paracingulate gyrus. Graph theory analysis revealed increased network integration in cortical regions typically involved in olfaction and emotion processing such as olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and thalamus, while decreased network segregation in several regions of the posterior part of the brain during olfaction as compared to resting state. The present findings suggest that lemon essential oil inhalation could increase the level of alertness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Centre Du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Lise Poirrier
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Pottier
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Héléna Cassol
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sepehr Mortaheb
- Physiology of Cognition, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée Du 6 Août 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mateo Lopez
- Valeo, Carlab Health & WellBeing, 100 Rue de Courcelles, 75017, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Perrin
- Valeo, Carlab Health & WellBeing, 100 Rue de Courcelles, 75017, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Boilevin
- Valeo, Carlab Health & WellBeing, 100 Rue de Courcelles, 75017, Paris, France; Université Bordeaux Montaigne, UFR Humanités, Département Design Bordeaux, Esplanade des Antilles Domaine Niversitaire, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Centre Du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Centre Du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, CIUSS, University Laval, 2301 Av. D'Estimauville, QC, G1E 1T2, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cecchetto C, Dal Bò E, Aiello M, Fischmeister FPS, Gentili C, Osimo SA. Alexithymia modulates the attitudes towards odors but not the olfactory abilities or the affective reactions to odors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278496. [PMID: 37279254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although emotion and olfaction are closely linked, only a few studies have investigated olfactory processing in alexithymia, a condition characterized by altered emotional processing. These results do not allow comprehensive conclusions on whether individuals with alexithymia present lower olfactory abilities or only altered affective reactions and awareness of odors. Three pre-registered experiments were conducted to clarify this relation. We assessed olfactory functions, the affective qualities of odors, the awareness of odors, the attitudes towards them, and the ability to form olfactory images in the mind. Bayesian statistics were used to assess differences between low, medium and high alexithymia groups, and Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) were applied to investigate the modulation of the affective and cognitive components of alexithymia. We observed that individuals with a high level of alexithymia presented the same olfactory abilities, and did not show differences in their rating of odors compared to individuals with low alexithymia levels, while they reported lower levels of social and common odor awareness and a more indifferent attitude towards odors. Olfactory imagery was not affected by alexithymia level, and the affective and cognitive components of alexithymia, when considered separately, modulated olfactory perception differently. Learning more about olfactory perception in individuals with alexithymia leads to a better understanding of how alexithymia impacts the perception of hedonic stimuli coming from different sensory modalities. Our results imply that treatment goals for alexithymia should be the enhancement of the conscious perception of odors, supporting the use of mindfulness-based protocols in the alexithymia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marilena Aiello
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Florian Ph S Fischmeister
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Adelaide Osimo
- Department of Psychology, MibTec, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Yiu CK, Zhao Z, Park W, Shi R, Huang X, Zeng Y, Wang K, Wong TH, Jia S, Zhou J, Gao Z, Zhao L, Yao K, Li J, Sha C, Gao Y, Zhao G, Huang Y, Li D, Guo Q, Li Y, Yu X. Soft, miniaturized, wireless olfactory interface for virtual reality. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2297. [PMID: 37160931 PMCID: PMC10169775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technologies accelerate the creation of a flawless 3D virtual world to provide frontier social platform for human. Equally important to traditional visual, auditory and tactile sensations, olfaction exerts both physiological and psychological influences on humans. Here, we report a concept of skin-interfaced olfactory feedback systems with wirelessly, programmable capabilities based on arrays of flexible and miniaturized odor generators (OGs) for olfactory VR applications. By optimizing the materials selection, design layout, and power management, the OGs exhibit outstanding device performance in various aspects, from response rate, to odor concentration control, to long-term continuous operation, to high mechanical/electrical stability and to low power consumption. Representative demonstrations in 4D movie watching, smell message delivery, medical treatment, human emotion control and VR/AR based online teaching prove the great potential of the soft olfaction interface in various practical applications, including entertainment, education, human machine interfaces and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wooyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan Wang
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tsz Hung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shengxin Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chuanlu Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Guangyao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Qinglei Guo
- Center of Nanoelectronics, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology Beihang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloong Tong, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodriguez M, Kross E. Sensory emotion regulation. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:379-390. [PMID: 36805103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Decades of evidence reveal intimate links between sensation and emotion. Yet, discussion of sensory experiences as tools that promote emotion regulation is largely absent from current theorizing on this topic. Here, we address this gap by integrating evidence from social-personality, clinical, cognitive-neuroscience, and animal research to highlight the role of sensation as a tool that can be harnessed to up- or downregulate emotion. Further, we review evidence implicating sensation as a rapid and relatively effortless emotion regulation modality and highlight future research directions. Notably, we emphasize the need to examine the duration of sensory emotion regulation effects, the moderating role of individual and cultural differences, and how sensory strategies interact with other strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ethan Kross
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marsh EL, Goodwin ME, Sayette MA, Marchetti MA, Herz RS. Endogenous mood state and hedonic responses to pleasant odors. J SENS STUD 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza L. Marsh
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Madeline E. Goodwin
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael A. Sayette
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Mary A. Marchetti
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Rachel S. Herz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olfactory-related quality of life impacts psychological distress in people with COVID-19: The affective implications of olfactory dysfunctions. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:741-747. [PMID: 36529409 PMCID: PMC9751003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often causes chemosensory impairment, and olfactory dysfunctions may have negative consequences on psychological distress. This study aimed at assessing which dimension of perceived olfactory disfunctions (i.e., subjective olfactory capability, smell-related problems, or olfactory-related quality of life [QoL]) was most associated with psychological distress in people diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS 364 participants (65 men and 299 women) diagnosed with COVID-19 on average 7 months prior to the beginning of the study were recruited between June 5 and 21, 2021, to take part in an online cross-sectional survey. Participants answered questions on demographics, clinical factors, perceived olfactory functioning, and psychological distress. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted, assessing the role of demographics, clinical factors, and perceived olfactory functioning dimensions on psychological distress. RESULTS More than half of the participants met the cut-off for all perceived olfactory dysfunctions scales and psychological distress. Being women, smoker, with comorbidities, and greater severity of COVID-19 symptoms were associated with higher scores on psychological distress. Among perceived olfactory functioning scales, only impairment in olfaction QoL was associated with psychological distress. LIMITATIONS Limitations concerned the cross-sectional nature of the study and the unbalanced sample in terms of gender. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the core intertwining between mood, perceived QoL, and olfactory functioning, showing how impairments in olfactory processing are strongly correlated with psychological distress through the impact they have on the perceived QoL.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tribot AS, Blanc N, Brassac T, Guilhaumon F, Casajus N, Mouquet N. What makes a teddy bear comforting? A participatory study reveals the prevalence of sensory characteristics and emotional bonds in the perception of comforting teddy bears. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2170273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Blanc
- EPSYLON EA, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Brassac
- Service Culture Scientifique Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Guilhaumon
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- ENTROPIE, IRD, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FRB – CESAB, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mastinu M, Melis M, Yousaf NY, Barbarossa IT, Tepper BJ. Emotional responses to taste and smell stimuli: Self-reports, physiological measures, and a potential role for individual and genetic factors. J Food Sci 2022; 88:65-90. [PMID: 36169921 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Taste and olfaction elicit conscious feelings by direct connection with the neural circuits of emotions that affects physiological responses in the body (e.g., heart rate and skin conductance). While sensory attributes are strong determinants of food liking, other factors such as emotional reactions to foods may be better predictors of consumer choices even for products that are equally-liked. Thus, important insights can be gained for understanding the full spectrum of emotional reactions to foods that inform the activities of product developers and marketers, eating psychologist and nutritionists, and policy makers. Today, self-reported questionnaires and physiological measures are the most common tools applied to study variations in emotional perception. The present review discusses these methodological approaches, underlining their different strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss a small, emerging literature suggesting that individual differences and genetic variations in taste and smell perception, like the genetic ability to perceive the bitter compound PROP, may also play a role in emotional reactions to aromas and foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Mastinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation & Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Neeta Y Yousaf
- Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation & Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Beverly J Tepper
- Center for Sensory Sciences & Innovation & Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu YT, Lee AY, Choi NY, Park SA. Psychophysiological Responses of Cut Flower Fragrances as an Olfactory Stimulation by Measurement of Electroencephalogram in Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11639. [PMID: 36141903 PMCID: PMC9517035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural therapy (HT) is green care that can help improve and recover the health of modern people living in cities through natural experiences. Many studies have been conducted to determine HT's therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms, but investigation for developing readily applicable clinical techniques is insufficient. We aimed to investigate adults' brain activity and emotional state during flower arrangement (FA) with different flowers in an HT program. We recruited thirty adults and used a randomized cross-over study method to set them to participate in five FA tasks at 90-s intervals. While performing FA tasks, the participants' prefrontal cortex brain waves were measured by a wireless electroencephalography device and their emotional states between FA tasks were measured by questionnaires. Results showed that each FA task resulted in a different attention level of the participants. The participants showed the highest attention level during FA with stocks and carnations, while FA with lilies showed the lowest attention level among the five FA tasks. Instead, the participants showed the highest arousal, tension, and anxiety for emotional states during FA with lilies. Therefore, this study confirmed the differences in attention level and emotional changes according to flower types for using clinical techniques of HT for various clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Wu
- Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - A-Young Lee
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106032, Taiwan
| | - Na-Yoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Healing Convergence, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sin-Ae Park
- Plant, Environment, and Health Lab, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bjornson L, Van Slyke AC, Bucevska M, Courtemanche R, Bone J, Knox A, Verchere C, Boyle JC. Something Stinks! Finding Ways to Manage Noxious Odours in the Operating Room and Other Clinical Settings A Randomized Controlled Trial. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2022; 30:246-253. [PMID: 35990392 PMCID: PMC9389059 DOI: 10.1177/22925503211008445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The hospital can be saturated with noxious smells.
Anecdotally, medical staff apply products to surgical masks to lessen the impact
of these smells. This study aimed to determine the odour-masking ability of 4
inexpensive and convenient products. Methods: A randomized,
single-blinded crossover study was conducted in Vancouver, Canada. Participants,
19 to 30 years old, were invited to participate. Participants with active
allergies, upper respiratory tract infection, alteration to sense of smell, or
failure of olfactory screen were excluded from the study. An experimental odour
was used in lieu of a noxious surgical odour. After smelling the experimental
odour without barriers, participants were re-exposed to the odour using 5
surgical masks in randomized order. Each mask was lined with a test product
(cherry lip balm, tincture of benzoin, Mastisol, mint toothpaste, and control
[plain mask]). Participants rated the effectiveness of products at masking the
experimental odour from 0 to 100 (0 = completely ineffective, 100 = completely
effective). Participants also rated the pleasantness of the products, recorded
if the products made them feel unwell, and identified their preferred product
overall. Results: Eighty participants were included in the study
(33 male, 47 female), averaging 24.2 years of age. Mean odour-masking
effectiveness for cherry lip balm was 66.5 (±24.6), tincture of benzoin: 62.6
(±25.0), Mastisol: 61.3 (±23.9), mint toothpaste: 57.5 (±27.4), and control:
21.9 (±21.8). All products performed better than the control (P
< .001), but there was no significant difference in performance between
products. Cherry lip balm was the most preferred odour-masking product (29
participants), followed by mint toothpaste (22), Mastisol (14), tincture of
benzoin (10), and control (5). Conclusions: All tested products
demonstrated equivalent odour-masking abilities. If health care professionals
choose to use an odour-masking product, they should consider their own olfactory
preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bjornson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Aaron C. Van Slyke
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marija Bucevska
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rebecca Courtemanche
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Aaron Knox
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Peter Lougheed Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - Cynthia Verchere
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James C. Boyle
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xing M, Hu S, Wei B, Lv Z. Spatial-Frequency-Temporal Convolutional Recurrent Network for Olfactory-enhanced EEG Emotion Recognition. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 376:109624. [PMID: 35588948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimedia stimulation of brain activity is important for emotion induction. Based on brain activity, emotion recognition using EEG signals has become a hot issue in the field of affective computing. NEW METHOD In this paper, we develop a noval odor-video elicited physiological signal database (OVPD), in which we collect the EEG signals from eight participants in positive, neutral and negative emotional states when they are stimulated by synchronizing traditional video content with the odors. To make full use of the EEG features from different domains, we design a 3DCNN-BiLSTM model combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short term memory (BiLSTM) for EEG emotion recognition. First, we transform EEG signals into 4D representations that retain spatial, frequency and temporal information. Then, the representations are fed into the 3DCNN-BiLSTM model to recognize emotions. CNN is applied to learn spatial and frequency information from the 4D representations. BiLSTM is designed to extract forward and backward temporal dependences. RESULTS We conduct 5-fold cross validation experiments five times on the OVPD dataset to evaluate the performance of the model. The experimental results show that our presented model achieves an average accuracy of 98.29% with the standard deviation of 0.72% under the olfactory-enhanced video stimuli, and an average accuracy of 98.03% with the standard deviation of 0.73% under the traditional video stimuli on the OVPD dataset in the three-class classification of positive, neutral and negative emotions. To verify the generalisability of our proposed model, we also evaluate this approach on the public EEG emotion dataset (SEED). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Compared with other baseline methods, our designed model achieves better recognition performance on the OVPD dataset. The average accuracy of positive, neutral and negative emotions is better in response to the olfactory-enhanced videos than the pure videos for the 3DCNN-BiLSTM model and other baseline methods. CONCLUSION The proposed 3DCNN-BiLSTM model is effective by fusing the spatial-frequency-temporal features of EEG signals for emotion recognition. The provided olfactory stimuli can induce stronger emotions than traditional video stimuli and improve the accuracy of emotion recognition to a certain extent. However, superimposing odors unrelated to the video scenes may distract participants' attention, and thus reduce the final accuracy of EEG emotion recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Xing
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Brain-Machine Collaborative Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shiang Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China; School of Computer Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Archer NS, Bluff A, Eddy A, Nikhil CK, Hazell N, Frank D, Johnston A. Odour enhances the sense of presence in a virtual reality environment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265039. [PMID: 35353816 PMCID: PMC8967033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) headsets provide immersive audio-visual experiences for users, but usually neglect to provide olfactory cues that can provide additional information about our environment in the real world. This paper examines whether the introduction of smells into the VR environment enhances users’ experience, including their sense of presence through collection of both psychological and physiological measures. Using precise odour administration with an olfactometer, study participants were exposed to smells while they were immersed in the popular PlayStation VR game “Resident Evil 7”. A within-subject study design was undertaken where participants (n = 22) walked-through the same VR environment twice, with or without the introduction of associated congruent odour stimuli. Directly after each gameplay, participants completed a questionnaire to determine their sense of presence from the overall gameplay and their sense of immersion in each of the virtual scenes. Additionally, physiological measurements (heart rate, body temperature and skin electrodermal activity) were collected from participants (n = 11) for each gameplay. The results showed the addition of odours significantly increased participants’ sense of spatial presence in the VR environment compared to VR with no odour. Participants also rated the realism of VR experience with odour higher compared to no odour, however odour addition did not result in change in emotional state of participants (arousal, pleasure, dominance). Further, the participants’ physiological responses were impacted by the addition of odour. Odour mediated physiological changes were dependent on whether the VR environment was novel, as the effect of odour on physiological response was lost when participants experienced the aroma on the second gameplay. Overall, the results indicate the addition of odours to a VR environment had a significant effect on both the psychological and physiological experience showing the addition of smell enhanced the VR environment. The incorporation of odours to VR environments presents an opportunity to create a more immersive experience to increase a person’s presence within a VR environment. In addition to gaming, the results have broader applications for virtual training environments and virtual reality exposure therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Archer
- Agriculture and Food, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (NSA); (AJ)
| | - Andrew Bluff
- UTS Animal Logic Academy, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Chreshall K. Nikhil
- Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nick Hazell
- UTS Animal Logic Academy, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Damian Frank
- Agriculture and Food, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Johnston
- UTS Animal Logic Academy, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (NSA); (AJ)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee S, Kim J, Kim BJ, Kim RY, Ha E, Kim S, Hong SN, Lyoo IK, Kim DW. Gray matter volume reduction in the emotional brain networks in adults with anosmia. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1321-1330. [PMID: 35240720 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, frequently accompanies emotional dysfunctions, partly due to the overlapping brain regions between the olfactory and emotional processing centers. Here, we investigated whether anosmia was associated with gray matter volume alterations at a network level, and whether these alterations were related to the olfactory-specific quality of life (QOL) and depressive symptoms. Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 22 individuals with postinfectious or idiopathic anosmia (the anosmia group) and 30 age- and sex-matched controls (the control group). Using independent component analysis on the gray matter volumes, we identified 10 morphometric networks. The gray matter volumes of these networks were compared between the two groups. Olfactory-specific QOL and depressive symptoms were assessed by self-report questionnaires and clinician-administered interviews, respectively. The anosmia group showed lower gray matter volumes in the hippocampus-amygdala and the precuneus networks, relative to the control group. Lower gray matter volumes in the hippocampus-amygdala network were also linearly associated with lower olfactory-specific QOL and higher depressive symptom scores. These findings suggest a close relationship between anosmia and gray matter volume alterations in the emotional brain networks, albeit without determined causal relations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Rye Young Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Noto T, Zhou G, Yang Q, Lane G, Zelano C. Human Primary Olfactory Amygdala Subregions Form Distinct Functional Networks, Suggesting Distinct Olfactory Functions. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:752320. [PMID: 34955769 PMCID: PMC8695617 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.752320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three subregions of the amygdala receive monosynaptic projections from the olfactory bulb, making them part of the primary olfactory cortex. These primary olfactory areas are located at the anterior-medial aspect of the amygdala and include the medial amygdala (MeA), cortical amygdala (CoA), and the periamygdaloid complex (PAC). The vast majority of research on the amygdala has focused on the larger basolateral and basomedial subregions, which are known to be involved in implicit learning, threat responses, and emotion. Fewer studies have focused on the MeA, CoA, and PAC, with most conducted in rodents. Therefore, our understanding of the functions of these amygdala subregions is limited, particularly in humans. Here, we first conducted a review of existing literature on the MeA, CoA, and PAC. We then used resting-state fMRI and unbiased k-means clustering techniques to show that the anatomical boundaries of human MeA, CoA, and PAC accurately parcellate based on their whole-brain resting connectivity patterns alone, suggesting that their functional networks are distinct, relative both to each other and to the amygdala subregions that do not receive input from the olfactory bulb. Finally, considering that distinct functional networks are suggestive of distinct functions, we examined the whole-brain resting network of each subregion and speculated on potential roles that each region may play in olfactory processing. Based on these analyses, we speculate that the MeA could potentially be involved in the generation of rapid motor responses to olfactory stimuli (including fight/flight), particularly in approach/avoid contexts. The CoA could potentially be involved in olfactory-related reward processing, including learning and memory of approach/avoid responses. The PAC could potentially be involved in the multisensory integration of olfactory information with other sensory systems. These speculations can be used to form the basis of future studies aimed at clarifying the olfactory functions of these under-studied primary olfactory areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Noto
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qiaohan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gregory Lane
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Recent evidence for the impacts of olfactory disorders on food enjoyment and ingestive behavior. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
27
|
Canbeyli R. Sensory Stimulation Via the Visual, Auditory, Olfactory and Gustatory Systems Can Modulate Mood and Depression. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:244-263. [PMID: 34708453 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, predicted to be the leading cause of disease burden by the next decade. There is great deal of emphasis on the central origin and potential therapeutics of depression whereby the symptomatology of depression has been interpreted and treated as brain generated dysfunctions filtering down to the periphery. This top-down approach has found strong support from clinical work and basic neuroscientific research. Nevertheless, despite great advances in our knowledge of the etiology and therapeutics of depression, success in treatment is still by no means assured.. As a consequence, a wide net has been cast by both clinicians and researchers in search of more efficient therapies for mood disorders. As a complementary view, the present integrative review advocates approaching mood and depression from the opposite perspective: a bottom-up view that starts from the periphery. Specifically, evidence is provided to show that sensory stimulation via the visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory systems can modulate depression. The review shows how -depending on several parameters- unisensory stimulation via these modalities can ameliorate or aggravate depressive symptoms. Moreover, the review emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between sensory stimulation and depression. Just as peripheral stimulation can modulate depression, depression in turn affects-and in most cases impairs-sensory reception. Furthermore, the review suggests that combined use of multisensory stimulation may have synergistic ameliorative effects on depressive symptoms over and above what has so far been documented for unisensory stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resit Canbeyli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaimal G, Carroll-Haskins K, Topoglu Y, Ramakrishnan A, Arslanbek A, Ayaz H. Exploratory fNIRS Assessment of Differences in Activation in Virtual Reality Visual Self-Expression Including With a Fragrance Stimulus. ART THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07421656.2021.1957341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Thaploo D, Zelder S, Hummel T. Olfactory Modulation of the Contingent Negative Variation to Auditory Stimuli. Neuroscience 2021; 470:16-22. [PMID: 34273413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although pleasantness is intrinsically related to the perception of odors it is difficult to objectively assess odor-induced pleasantness. To evaluate the effects of odors of different valences on the contingent negative variation (CNV) in a younger and an older population. Data from 62 participants (27 men, 35 women) were included. Two age groups with Age group 1 (YOUNG) had 30 subjects within age 18-30 years and age group 2 (OLD) had 32 subjects with age >40 years. Pre-testing was performed to acquaint subjects with the experimental tasks and their environment. Subjects received "Sniffin' Sticks" odor identification tests and a standardized medical history to ascertain normosmia. In addition, they also took questionnaires relating to importance of the sense of smell and personality traits. CNV was elicited with two auditory stimuli, S1 followed by S2 at an interval of 2.4 s. Subjects were asked to push a button as fast as possible after they perceived S2. EEG was recorded from 4 positions of the 10-20 system (Fp2, Fz, Cz, and Pz). Four odors plus odorless air was presented in randomized order. The following main results emerged: (1) Consistent with the literature CNV showed a typical topographical distribution with the largest amplitude over the front-central recording sites. (2) 69% of subjects had consistent CNV for all conditions. (3) for some odor conditions CNV amplitudes exhibit a weak relation to odor pleasantness and associations with calmness. (4) CNV amplitude correlated negatively with reaction times. Overall, the results suggest the usefulness of CNV as an electrophysiological measure of cognition. However, in the present context, concomitantly applied odors of different hedonic tones exerted only minor effects on CNV. Thus, we conclude that odors have little or no effect on CNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divesh Thaploo
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Zelder
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim BY, Park JY, Cho KJ, Bae JH. Effects of Urban Particulate Matter on the Olfactory System in a Mouse Model. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:81-90. [PMID: 34236242 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211026416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is linked to the aggravation of various health problems. Although the nasal cavity is the first barrier to encounter UPM, there is a lack of studies on the impact of UPM on the olfactory area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of UPM on mouse olfactory epithelium, the underlying pathophysiology involved, and changes in cytokine levels. METHODS Mice were divided into 4 groups: control, 400UPM (administered 400 µg UPM daily; standard reference material 1649b; average particle diameter 10.5 μm) 1week, 400UPM 2weeks, and recovery 1week after 400UPM 2weeks (n = 10, 6, 6, and 6, respectively). Olfactory function was evaluated by conducting a food-finding test once a week. The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination, gene ontology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to those in the control group, olfactory marker protein, olfactory receptor 1507, adenylyl cyclase 3, and GNAL mRNA levels were lower and S-100, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 30-phosphodiesterase, nerve growth factor receptor-associated protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tachykinin receptor mRNA levels were higher in the 400UPM group olfactory neuroepithelium. There were no significant differences in neuroepithelial inflammatory marker levels between the 400UPM and saline group. CONCLUSIONS UPM decreased olfactory function and might have cytotoxic effects on the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory ensheathing cells and trigeminal nerve might be related to the regeneration of the olfactory epithelium after olfactory destruction associated with UPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boo-Young Kim
- School of Medicine, 26717Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Y Park
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kwang J Cho
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jung H Bae
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bernal-Meléndez E, Callebert J, Bouillaud P, Persuy MA, Olivier B, Badonnel K, Chavatte-Palmer P, Baly C, Schroeder H. Dopaminergic and serotonergic changes in rabbit fetal brain upon repeated gestational exposure to diesel engine exhaust. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3085-3099. [PMID: 34189592 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Limited studies in humans and in animal models have investigated the neurotoxic risks related to a gestational exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the embryonic brain, especially those regarding monoaminergic systems linked to neurocognitive disorders. We previously showed that exposure to DEP alters monoaminergic neurotransmission in fetal olfactory bulbs and modifies tissue morphology along with behavioral consequences at birth in a rabbit model. Given the anatomical and functional connections between olfactory and central brain structures, we further characterized their impacts in brain regions associated with monoaminergic neurotransmission. At gestational day 28 (GD28), fetal rabbit brains were collected from dams exposed by nose-only to either a clean air or filtered DEP for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, from GD3 to GD27. HPLC dosage and histochemical analyses of the main monoaminergic systems, i.e., dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites were conducted in microdissected fetal brain regions. DEP exposure increased the level of DA and decreased the dopaminergic metabolites ratios in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), together with sex-specific alterations in the hippocampus (Hp). In addition, HVA level was increased in the temporal cortex (TCx). Serotonin and 5-HIAA levels were decreased in the fetal Hp. However, DEP exposure did not significantly modify NA levels, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase or AChE enzymatic activity in fetal brain. Exposure to DEP during fetal life results in dopaminergic and serotonergic changes in critical brain regions that might lead to detrimental potential short-term neural disturbances as precursors of long-term neurocognitive consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Bernal-Meléndez
- NeuroBiologie de l'Olfaction, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CALBINOTOX, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Annick Persuy
- NeuroBiologie de l'Olfaction, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, INRAE, BREED UR1198, Bat. 230, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benoit Olivier
- CALBINOTOX, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Karine Badonnel
- NeuroBiologie de l'Olfaction, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, INRAE, BREED UR1198, Bat. 230, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, INRAE, BREED UR1198, Bat. 230, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Baly
- NeuroBiologie de l'Olfaction, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, INRAE, BREED UR1198, Bat. 230, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Henri Schroeder
- CALBINOTOX, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136976. [PMID: 34209997 PMCID: PMC8297221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent models, removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex that shows striking similarity with frontal cortex features of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders. Widely different approaches involving behavioral symptom analysis, histopathological and molecular alterations, genetic and environmental influences, along with age-related alterations in cellular pathways, indicate a strong correlation of olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Indeed, declining olfactory acuity and olfactory deficits emerge either as the very first symptoms or as prodromal symptoms of progressing neurodegeneration of classical conditions. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with most neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and communication disorders. Evidence revealing the dual molecular function of the olfactory receptor neurons at dendritic and axonal ends indicates the significance of olfactory processing pathways that come under environmental pressure right from the onset. Here, we review findings that olfactory bulb neuronal processing serves as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Dörig P, Gunder N, Witt M, Welge-Lüssen A, Hummel T. [Future therapeutic strategies for olfactory disorders: electrical stimulation, stem cell therapy, and transplantation of olfactory epithelium-an overview]. HNO 2021; 69:623-632. [PMID: 33988723 PMCID: PMC8120256 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-021-01060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Passagere oder permanente Riechstörungen können verschiedene Ursachen haben. Ganz aktuell berichtet eine Vielzahl von Patienten im Rahmen von COVID-19-Infektionen über ein fehlendes oder vermindertes Riechvermögen. In der Vergangenheit wurden vielfältige Therapieoptionen untersucht, diese variieren vom Riechtraining über Akupunktur und medikamentöse Therapien bis hin zur transkraniellen Magnetstimulation oder, z. B. bei ausgeprägten qualitativen Riechstörungen, der chirurgischen Resektion der Riechschleimhaut. Die Entwicklung einer bioelektrischen Nase, z. B. in Verbindung mit direkter elektrischer Stimulation des Bulbus olfactorius, oder die Transplantation von Riechschleimhaut oder von Stammzellen stellen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Zukunft dar. Die Grundlagen für diese Entwicklungen sowie der Stand des Wissens werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit erläutert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dörig
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Schweiz.
| | - N Gunder
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Witt
- Institut für Anatomie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - A Welge-Lüssen
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Schweiz
| | - T Hummel
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Masuo Y, Satou T, Takemoto H, Koike K. Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092571. [PMID: 33924992 PMCID: PMC8124235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response in the brain is not fully understood, although stress is one of the risk factors for developing mental disorders. On the other hand, the stimulation of the olfactory system can influence stress levels, and a certain smell has been empirically known to have a stress-suppressing effect, indeed. In this review, we first outline what stress is and previous studies on stress-responsive biomarkers (stress markers) in the brain. Subsequently, we confirm the olfactory system and review previous studies on the relationship between smell and stress response by species, such as humans, rats, and mice. Numerous studies demonstrated the stress-suppressing effects of aroma. There are also investigations showing the effects of odor that induce stress in experimental animals. In addition, we introduce recent studies on the effects of aroma of coffee beans and essential oils, such as lavender, cypress, α-pinene, and thyme linalool on the behavior and the expression of stress marker candidates in the brain. The transfer of volatile components into the brain is also discussed while using the results of thyme linalool as an example. These studies may provide a good opportunity to connect chemical research at the molecular level with neuropharmacological approaches in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Masuo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-472-5257
| | - Tadaaki Satou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Takemoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (H.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (H.T.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prokosch ML, Airington Z, Murray DR. Investigating the relationship between olfactory acuity, disgust, and mating strategies. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
37
|
Zolkowska D, Wu CY, Rogawski MA. Intranasal Allopregnanolone Confers Rapid Seizure Protection: Evidence for Direct Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:544-555. [PMID: 33405197 PMCID: PMC8116426 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of GABAA receptors with antiseizure activity, has potential in the treatment of seizure emergencies. Instillation of allopregnanolone in 40% sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin into the nose in mice rapidly elevated the seizure threshold in the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazol (ED50, 5.6 mg/kg), picrotoxin (ED50, 5.9 mg/kg), and bicuculline seizure tests. The effect peaked at 15 min, decayed over 1 h, and was still evident in some experiments at 6 h. Intranasal allopregnanolone also delayed the onset of seizures in the maximal PTZ test. At an allopregnanolone dose (16 mg/kg) that conferred comparable effects on seizure threshold as the benzodiazepines midazolam and diazepam (both at doses of 1 mg/kg), allopregnanolone caused minimal sedation or motor toxicity in the horizontal screen test whereas both benzodiazepines produced marked behavioral impairment. In addition, intranasal allopregnanolone failed to cause loss-of-righting reflex in most animals, but when the same dose was administered intramuscularly, all animals became impaired. Intranasal allopregnanolone (10 mg/kg) caused a rapid increase in brain allopregnanolone with a Tmax of ~5 min after initiation of the intranasal delivery. High levels of allopregnanolone were recovered in the olfactory bulb (Cmax, 16,000 ng/mg) whereas much lower levels (Cmax, 670 ng/mg) were present in the remainder of the brain. We conclude that the unique ability of intranasal allopregnanolone to protect against seizures without inducing behavioral adverse effects is due in part to direct nose-to-brain delivery, with preferential transport to brain regions relevant to seizures. Benzodiazepines are commonly administered intranasally for acute seizure therapy, including for the treatment of acute repetitive seizures, but are not transported from nose-to-brain. Intranasal allopregnanolone acts with greater speed, has less propensity for adverse effects, and has the ability to overcome benzodiazepine refractoriness. This is the first study demonstrating rapid functional central nervous system activity of a nose-to-brain-delivered steroid. Intranasal delivery circumvents the poor oral bioavailability of allopregnanolone providing a route of administration permitting its evaluation as a treatment for diverse neuropsychiatric indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zolkowska
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics Core Facility, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Michael A Rogawski
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sabiniewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Smell and Taste Clinic TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- Institute of Psychology University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - Franziska Heyne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Smell and Taste Clinic TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Smell and Taste Clinic TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hofer MK, Chen FS, Schaller M. What Your Nose Knows: Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Responses to the Scent of Another Person. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721420964175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
People readily perceive and react to the body odors of other people, which creates a wide range of implications for affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. In this article, we provide an overview of recent research in this area. We summarize the process by which people associate body odors with different kinds of interpersonally relevant information, briefly review two lines of research on responses to strangers’ body odors (research on olfactory cues and emotions, research on olfactory cues and impression formation), and review new research on the psychological consequences of smelling loved ones’ odors—including consequences for stress reduction and sleep enhancement. We conclude with a discussion of emerging research questions and methodological considerations that may help guide future inquiry into the various ways that the odors of other people influence one’s emotions, cognitions, relationships, and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlise K. Hofer
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria
| | | | - Mark Schaller
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Han P, Stiller-Stut FP, Fjaeldstad A, Hummel T. Greater hippocampal gray matter volume in subjective hyperosmia: a voxel-based morphometry study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18869. [PMID: 33139777 PMCID: PMC7608672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective hyperosmia refers to a self-reported olfactory ability that is superior to a normal, intact sense of smell (normosmia), and is associated with olfactory emotional experience. The current study used voxel-based morphometry to investigate the gray matter volume (GMV) in people with self-rated hyperosmia (subjective hyperosmia, SH, N = 18) in comparison to people with self-rated normal olfaction (subjective normosmia, SN, N = 14). Participants’ olfactory function were assessed by the extensive olfactory test battery, the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Within the predicted brain regions (regions-of-interest analyses), the SH participants showed larger GMV of the left hippocampus as compared to SN participants (FWE corrected p < 0.05). Further, the whole-brain search indicated that SH had larger GMV of the bilateral hippocampus, the right hypothalamus, the left precuneus, and the left superior frontal gyrus as compared to the SN group. ROI analyses showed positive correlations between the left hippocampal GMV and odor threshold or discrimination scores across all participants. In addition, the whole-brain analysis suggested that the self-rated olfactory ability was positively associated with GMV in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus among SH participants. In conclusion, the current results suggest that SH was associated with increased GMV in several brain regions that were previously shown to be involved in the processing of cognitive aspects of odors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- Interdisciplinary Center Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China. .,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Franz Paul Stiller-Stut
- Interdisciplinary Center Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yuan MY, Chen ZK, Ni J, Wang TX, Jiang SY, Dong H, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Li RX. Ablation of olfactory bulb glutamatergic neurons induces depressive-like behaviors and sleep disturbances in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2517-2530. [PMID: 32445053 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Major depression is a serious, but common, psychological disorder, which consists of a long-lasting depressive mood, feelings of helplessness, anhedonia, and sleep disturbances. It has been reported that rats with bilateral olfactory bulbectomies (OBXs) exhibit depressive-like behaviors which indicates that the olfactory bulb (OB) plays an important role in the formation of depression. However, which type of OB neurons plays an important role in the formation of depression remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of OB neuronal types in depression and related sleep-wake dysfunction. METHODS Firstly, we established and evaluated a conventional physical bilateral OBX depression model. Secondly, we used chemical methods to ablate OB neurons, while maintaining the original shape, and evaluated depressive-like behaviors. Thirdly, we utilized AAV-flex-taCasp3-TEVp and transgenetic mice to specifically ablate the OB GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons, then evaluated depressive-like behaviors. RESULTS Compared with measured parameters in sham mice, mice with OBXs or ibotenic acid-induced OB lesions exhibited depressive-like behaviors and sleep disturbances, as demonstrated by results of depressive-like behavior tests and sleep recordings. Selective lesioning of OB glutamatergic neurons, but not GABAergic neurons induced depressive-like behaviors and increased rapid eye movement sleep during the light phase of the circadian cycle. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that OB glutamatergic neurons play a key role in olfactory-related depression and sleep disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yun Yuan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui-Xi Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu Y, Toet A, Krone T, van Stokkum R, Eijsman S, van Erp JBF. A network model of affective odor perception. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236468. [PMID: 32730278 PMCID: PMC7392242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The affective appraisal of odors is known to depend on their intensity (I), familiarity (F), detection threshold (T), and on the baseline affective state of the observer. However, the exact nature of these relations is still largely unknown. We therefore performed an observer experiment in which participants (N = 52) smelled 40 different odors (varying widely in hedonic valence) and reported the intensity, familiarity and their affective appraisal (valence and arousal: V and A) for each odor. Also, we measured the baseline affective state (valence and arousal: BV and BA) and odor detection threshold of the participants. Analyzing the results for pleasant and unpleasant odors separately, we obtained two models through network analysis. Several relations that have previously been reported in the literature also emerge in both models (the relations between F and I, F and V, I and A; I and V, BV and T). However, there are also relations that do not emerge (between BA and V, BV and I, and T and I) or that appear with a different polarity (the relation between F and A for pleasant odors). Intensity (I) has the largest impact on the affective appraisal of unpleasant odors, while F significantly contributes to the appraisal of pleasant odors. T is only affected by BV and has no effect on other variables. This study is a first step towards an integral study of the affective appraisal of odors through network analysis. Future studies should also include other factors that are known to influence odor appraisal, such as age, gender, personality, and culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Liu
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Toet
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Krone
- Risk Analysis for Products in Development RAPID, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Stokkum
- Risk Analysis for Products in Development RAPID, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Eijsman
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B. F. van Erp
- Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
- Research Group Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim BY, Park JY, Kim E. Differences in Mechanisms of Steroid Therapy and Olfactory Training for Olfactory Loss in Mice. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 34:810-821. [DOI: 10.1177/1945892420930945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Steroid therapy and olfactory training are common treatments for olfactory loss. Systemic steroid treatment is the most effective approach for treating sinonasal olfactory loss. Olfactory training is typically effective for treating sensorineural olfactory loss. However, the differences in mechanisms of steroid therapy and olfactory training for olfactory dysfunction are unclear. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the differences in mechanisms of olfactory training and steroid therapy. Subjects and Methods Mice in each group were administered 3-methylindole at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Olfactory function was evaluated with a food-finding test once a week. The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination and protein analysis. Subsequently, data analysis, gene ontology and pathway analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of mRNA, and western blot analysis were conducted. Results Mice were divided into four groups according to treatment. Control, anosmia, training, and steroid groups resumed food-finding. MMP27, CCL22 and IL18rap mRNA expression were significantly increased in the training group compared to that in the steroid group. IL1R2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the olfactory neuroepithelium of steroid-treated mice than in that of the training group mice. Conclusions Steroid therapy improved olfactory function via anti-inflammatory effects, unlike olfactory training which involved cell regeneration and tissue remodeling. Protein and gene analyses revealed that steroid therapy and olfactory training are underpinned by distinct mechanisms. Selection of the most appropriate treatment will be dependent on the cause of olfactory loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boo-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - EuiJin Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dewaele A, Badonnel K, Persuy MA, Durieux D, Bombail V, Favreau-Peigné A, Baly C. Effect of environmental exposure to a maternally-learned odorant on anxiety-like behaviors at weaning in mice. Anim Cogn 2020; 23:881-891. [PMID: 32394146 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early sensory experience, such as exposure to maternal or other environmental factors, is considered to influence neurocognitive development and behaviors. In many species, exposure to odorants during pregnancy or lactation impacts the morpho-functional development of the olfactory circuitry with changes in olfactory sensitivity, feeding behavior and food preferences at birth or later. However, few studies have investigated the impact of a perinatal exposure to odorants on the anxiety-like behavior of animals to stressfull stimuli. Here, we exposed mice to heptaldehyde (HEP) during pregnancy and lactation and measured the anxiety-like behavior of their offspring to stress-inducing novel stimuli at weaning in presence or absence of odorants. We applied a combined social and maternal separation as a stressor and measured the anxiety-like behavior in an open field (OF) in presence of two odorants, HEP or α-pinene (AP) as a control odorant. Although the presence of the odorant during the social separation did not influence anxiety-like behavior, we found that, if mice born to non-odorized mothers exhibited a decreased exploratory behavior in the presence of both odorants, the effect was restricted to AP for the mice perinatally exposed to HEP. These results show that anxiety-like behaviors during a stress-inducing event could be reduced by the presence of a familiar odorant. We propose that the recall of an early olfactory experience could contribute to the improvement of animal welfare in various situations associated with husbandry practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Dewaele
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Karine Badonnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Annick Persuy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Didier Durieux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Bombail
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Favreau-Peigné
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Baly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, NBO, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang F, Wu X, Gao J, Li Y, Zhu Y, Fang Y. The relationship of olfactory function and clinical traits in major depressive disorder. Behav Brain Res 2020; 386:112594. [PMID: 32194189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
People who have developed a good sense of smell could experience much more happiness and pleasure, which would trigger a discussion that olfactory disorder might correlate with the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Similar experiments conducted on rats have confirmed that nerve damage of olfactory pathway can induce a series of depression-like changes, including behavior, neurobiochemistry, and neuroimmunity. These changes will recover progressively with anti-depression treatment. While in similar studies on human beings, olfactory dysfunction has been found in people suffering from depression. This review briefly discusses the correlation between olfactory deficits and clinical traits of depression in different dimensions, such as the severity, duration and cognitive impairment of depression. Improving olfactory function may be expected to be a potential antidepressant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jerry Gao
- Yennora Public School, NSW, 2161, Australia
| | - Yongchao Li
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yuncheng Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kontaris I, East BS, Wilson DA. Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:35. [PMID: 32210776 PMCID: PMC7076187 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The affective state is the combination of emotion and mood, with mood reflecting a running average of sequential emotional events together with an underlying internal affective state. There is now extensive evidence that odors can overtly or subliminally modulate mood and emotion. Relying primarily on neurobiological literature, here we review what is known about how odors can affect emotions/moods and how emotions/moods may affect odor perception. We take the approach that form can provide insight into function by reviewing major brain regions and neural circuits underlying emotion and mood, and then reviewing the olfactory pathway in the context of that emotion/mood network. We highlight the extensive neuroanatomical opportunities for odor-emotion/mood convergence, as well as functional data demonstrating reciprocal interactions between these processes. Finally, we explore how the odor- emotion/mood interplay is, or could be, used in medical and/or commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kontaris
- Givaudan UK Limited, Health and Well-being Centre of Excellence, Ashford, United Kingdom
| | - Brett S East
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NC, United States.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NC, United States.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saiz-Sanchez D, Ubeda-Bañon I, Flores-Cuadrado A, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Martinez-Marcos A. Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:96. [PMID: 32140092 PMCID: PMC7042373 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in aging. Hyposmia has been described as an early symptom that can precede cognitive and motor deficits by decades. Certain regions within the olfactory system, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus, display the neuropathological markers tau and amyloid-β or α-synuclein from the earliest stages of disease progression in a preferential manner. Specific neuronal subpopulations, namely those expressing somatostatin (SST), are preferentially affected throughout the olfactory and limbic systems. SST is a neuropeptide present in a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons throughout the brain and its main function is to inhibit principal neurons and/or other interneurons. It has been reported that SST expression is reduced by 50% in Alzheimer's disease and that it is related to the formation of Aβ oligomers. The mechanisms underlying the preferential vulnerability of SST-expressing neurons in Alzheimer's disease (and, to a minor extent, in Parkinson's disease) are not known but analysis of the available data could shed light on their etiology. This short review aims to update the knowledge of functional features of somatostatin within the olfactory system and its role in olfactory deficits during neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sandra Villar-Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cecchetto C, Fischmeister FPS, Gorkiewicz S, Schuehly W, Bagga D, Parma V, Schöpf V. Human body odor increases familiarity for faces during encoding-retrieval task. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1904-1919. [PMID: 31904899 PMCID: PMC7268037 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Odors can increase memory performance when presented as context during both encoding and retrieval phases. Since information from different sensory modalities is integrated into a unified conceptual knowledge, we hypothesize that the social information from body odors and faces would be integrated during encoding. The integration of such social information would enhance retrieval more so than when the encoding occurs in the context of common odors. To examine this hypothesis and to further explore the underlying neural correlates of this behavior, we have conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in which participants performed an encoding‐retrieval memory task for faces during the presentation of common odor, body odor or clean air. At the behavioral level, results show that participants were less biased and faster in recognizing faces when presented in concomitance with the body odor compared to the common odor. At the neural level, the encoding of faces in the body odor condition, compared to common odor and clean air conditions, showed greater activation in areas related to associative memory (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), odor perception and multisensory integration (orbitofrontal cortex). These results suggest that face and body odor information were integrated and as a result, participants were faster in recognizing previously presented material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cecchetto
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Deepika Bagga
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Parma
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.,Computational Imaging Research Lab (CIR), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hilz MJ, Wang R, Liu M, Muresanu D, Flanagan S, Winder K, Hösl K, Hummel T. Emotional and Autonomic Processing of Olfactory Stimuli Is Compromised in Patients with a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:125-138. [PMID: 31298614 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (post-mTBI patients) may have enduring cardiovascular-autonomic dysregulation and emotional problems. Olfactory stimulation (OS) triggers emotional and cardiovascular-autonomic responses that might be compromised in post-mTBI patients. We therefore evaluated these responses to OS in post-mTBI patients. In 17 post-mTBI patients (interval since mTBI: 32.4 ± 6.8 months) and 17 age- and sex-matched controls, we recorded respiration, electrocardiographic RR intervals, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPsys, BPdia) before and during pleasant vanilla stimulation and unpleasant hydrogen sulphide (H2S) stimulation. Participants rated OS-related pleasantness, arousal, intensity, and familiarity on 9-point Likert scales. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with post hoc analyses compared parameters within each group before and during OS. To assess associations between pleasantness, arousal, intensity, and familiarity, we correlated OS scores within groups (significance: p < 0.05). Baseline parameters were similar between groups. Only in controls, vanilla stimulation significantly lowered BPsys and BPdia, whereas H2S stimulation lowered RR intervals. Vanilla-related pleasantness scores were lower, intensity scores were higher in patients than controls. During vanilla stimulation, pleasantness scores correlated negatively with arousal scores in controls, whereas familiarity scores correlated positively with intensity scores in patients. During H2S stimulation, familiarity scores correlated negatively with pleasantness scores in controls, whereas pleasantness scores correlated negatively with arousal scores in mTBI patients. Post-mTBI patients could not change BP or RR intervals during OS but perceived vanilla stimuli as less pleasant and more intense than did controls. Associations between pleasantness, arousal, intensity, and familiarity differed between groups suggesting different activation of the olfactory network and the central autonomic network upon OS. Subtle lesions within these networks might cause persistent changes in emotional and cognitive odor perception and cardiovascular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mao Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dafin Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Steven Flanagan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hösl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Amores J, Hernandez J, Dementyev A, Wang X, Maes P. BioEssence: A Wearable Olfactory Display that Monitors Cardio-respiratory Information to Support Mental Wellbeing. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:5131-5134. [PMID: 30441495 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces a novel wearable olfactory display that provides just-in-time release of scents based on the physiological state of the wearer. The device can release up to three scents and passively captures subtle chest vibrations associated with the beating of the heart and respiration through clothes.BioEssenceiscontrolledviaacustom-madesmartphone app that allows the creation of physiological rules to trigger different scents (e.g., when the heart rate is above 80 beats per minute, release lavender scent). The device is wireless and lightweight, and it is designed to be used during daily life, clipped on clothes around the sternum area or used as a necklace. We provide a description of the design and implementation of the prototype and potential use cases in the context of mental wellbeing.
Collapse
|