1
|
Riddle J, Schooler JW. Hierarchical consciousness: the Nested Observer Windows model. Neurosci Conscious 2024; 2024:niae010. [PMID: 38504828 PMCID: PMC10949963 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Foremost in our experience is the intuition that we possess a unified conscious experience. However, many observations run counter to this intuition: we experience paralyzing indecision when faced with two appealing behavioral choices, we simultaneously hold contradictory beliefs, and the content of our thought is often characterized by an internal debate. Here, we propose the Nested Observer Windows (NOW) Model, a framework for hierarchical consciousness wherein information processed across many spatiotemporal scales of the brain feeds into subjective experience. The model likens the mind to a hierarchy of nested mosaic tiles-where an image is composed of mosaic tiles, and each of these tiles is itself an image composed of mosaic tiles. Unitary consciousness exists at the apex of this nested hierarchy where perceptual constructs become fully integrated and complex behaviors are initiated via abstract commands. We define an observer window as a spatially and temporally constrained system within which information is integrated, e.g. in functional brain regions and neurons. Three principles from the signal analysis of electrical activity describe the nested hierarchy and generate testable predictions. First, nested observer windows disseminate information across spatiotemporal scales with cross-frequency coupling. Second, observer windows are characterized by a high degree of internal synchrony (with zero phase lag). Third, observer windows at the same spatiotemporal level share information with each other through coherence (with non-zero phase lag). The theoretical framework of the NOW Model accounts for a wide range of subjective experiences and a novel approach for integrating prominent theories of consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Riddle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Jonathan W Schooler
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Psychological & Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mani R, Adhia DB, Awatere S, Gray AR, Mathew J, Wilson LC, Still A, Jackson D, Hudson B, Zeidan F, Fillingim R, De Ridder D. Self-regulation training for people with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a feasibility randomised control trial (MiNT trial). FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 4:1271839. [PMID: 38269396 PMCID: PMC10806808 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1271839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain condition resulting in disability, reduced quality of life, and high societal costs. Pain associated with knee OA is linked to increased sensitivity in sensory, cognitive, and emotional areas of the brain. Self-regulation training targeting brain functioning related to pain experience could reduce pain and its associated disability. Self-regulatory treatments such as mindfulness meditation (MM) and electroencephalography neurofeedback (EEG-NF) training improve clinical outcomes in people with knee OA. A feasibility clinical trial can address factors that could inform the design of the full trial investigating the effectiveness of self-regulation training programmes in people with knee OA. This clinical trial will evaluate the feasibility, safety, acceptability, experience and perceptions of the self-regulatory training programmes. Methods The proposed feasibility trial is based on a double-blind (outcome assessor and investigators), three-arm (MM usual care, EEG-NF + usual care and usual care control group) randomised controlled parallel clinical trial. Participants with knee OA will be recruited from the community and healthcare practices. A research assistant (RA) will administer both interventions (20-min sessions, four sessions each week, and 12 sessions over three successive weeks). Feasibility measures (participant recruitment rate, adherence to interventions, retention rate), safety, and acceptability of interventions will be recorded. An RA blinded to the group allocation will record secondary outcomes at baseline, immediately post-intervention (4th week), and 3 months post-intervention. The quantitative outcome measures will be descriptively summarised. The qualitative interviews will evaluate the participants' experiences and perceptions regarding various aspects of the trial, which includes identifying the barriers and facilitators in participating in the trial, evaluating their opinions on the research procedures, such as their preferences for the study site, and determining the level of acceptability of the interventions as potential clinical treatments for managing knee OA. Māori participant perceptions of how assessment and training practices could be acceptable to a Māori worldview will be explored. The interviews will be audio-recorded and analysed thematically. Discussion This trial will provide evidence on the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of the MM and EEG-NF training in people with knee OA, thus informing the design of a full randomised clinical control trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Mani
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Divya Bharatkumar Adhia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Awatere
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- The Health Boutique, Napier, New Zealand
| | | | - Jerin Mathew
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Amanda Still
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Jackson
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ben Hudson
- Department of General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Fadel Zeidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Roger Fillingim
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brændholt M, Kluger DS, Varga S, Heck DH, Gross J, Allen MG. Breathing in waves: Understanding respiratory-brain coupling as a gradient of predictive oscillations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105262. [PMID: 37271298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Breathing plays a crucial role in shaping perceptual and cognitive processes by regulating the strength and synchronisation of neural oscillations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that respiratory rhythms govern a wide range of behavioural effects across cognitive, affective, and perceptual domains. Additionally, respiratory-modulated brain oscillations have been observed in various mammalian models and across diverse frequency spectra. However, a comprehensive framework to elucidate these disparate phenomena remains elusive. In this review, we synthesise existing findings to propose a neural gradient of respiratory-modulated brain oscillations and examine recent computational models of neural oscillations to map this gradient onto a hierarchical cascade of precision-weighted prediction errors. By deciphering the computational mechanisms underlying respiratory control of these processes, we can potentially uncover new pathways for understanding the link between respiratory-brain coupling and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malthe Brændholt
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Daniel S Kluger
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Somogy Varga
- School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Centre for Philosophy of Epidemiology, Medicine and Public Health, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Detlef H Heck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Micah G Allen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark; Cambridge Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bjerkan J, Lancaster G, Meglič B, Kobal J, Crawford TJ, McClintock PVE, Stefanovska A. Aging affects the phase coherence between spontaneous oscillations in brain oxygenation and neural activity. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110704. [PMID: 37451471 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk of neurodegenerative disorders increases with age, due to reduced vascular nutrition and impaired neural function. However, the interactions between cardiovascular dynamics and neural activity, and how these interactions evolve in healthy aging, are not well understood. Here, the interactions are studied by assessment of the phase coherence between spontaneous oscillations in cerebral oxygenation measured by fNIRS, the electrical activity of the brain measured by EEG, and cardiovascular functions extracted from ECG and respiration effort, all simultaneously recorded. Signals measured at rest in 21 younger participants (31.1 ± 6.9 years) and 24 older participants (64.9 ± 6.9 years) were analysed by wavelet transform, wavelet phase coherence and ridge extraction for frequencies between 0.007 and 4 Hz. Coherence between the neural and oxygenation oscillations at ∼ 0.1 Hz is significantly reduced in the older adults in 46/176 fNIRS-EEG probe combinations. This reduction in coherence cannot be accounted for in terms of reduced power, thus indicating that neurovascular interactions change with age. The approach presented promises a noninvasive means of evaluating the efficiency of the neurovascular unit in aging and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Bjerkan
- Lancaster University, Department of Physics, LA1 4YB, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Lancaster
- Lancaster University, Department of Physics, LA1 4YB, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Meglič
- University of Ljubljana Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Kobal
- University of Ljubljana Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Trevor J Crawford
- Lancaster University, Department of Psychology, LA1 4YF, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aneta Stefanovska
- Lancaster University, Department of Physics, LA1 4YB, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adhia DB, Mani R, Mathew J, O'Leary F, Smith M, Vanneste S, De Ridder D. Exploring electroencephalographic infraslow neurofeedback treatment for chronic low back pain: a double-blinded safety and feasibility randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1177. [PMID: 36670176 PMCID: PMC9860016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a disabling condition worldwide. In CLBP, neuroimaging studies demonstrate abnormal activities in cortical areas responsible for pain modulation, emotional, and sensory components of pain experience [i.e., pregenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC, dACC), and somatosensory cortex (SSC), respectively]. This pilot study, conducted in a university setting, evaluated the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a novel electroencephalography-based infraslow-neurofeedback (EEG ISF-NF) technique for retraining activities in pgACC, dACC and SSC and explored its effects on pain and disability. Participants with CLBP (n = 60), recruited between July'20 to March'21, received 12 sessions of either: ISF-NF targeting pgACC, dACC + SSC, a ratio of pgACC*2/dACC + SSC, or Placebo-NF. Descriptive statistics demonstrated that ISF-NF training is feasible [recruitment rate (7 participants/month), dropouts (25%; 20-27%), and adherence (80%; 73-88%)], safe (no adverse events reported), and was moderate to highly acceptable [Mean ± SD: 7.8 ± 2.0 (pgACC), 7.5 ± 2.7 (dACC + SCC), 8.2 ± 1.9 (Ratio), and 7.7 ± 1.5 (Placebo)]. ISF-NF targeting pgACC demonstrated the most favourable clinical outcomes, with a higher proportion of participants exhibiting a clinically meaningful reduction in pain severity [53%; MD (95% CI): - 1.9 (- 2.7, - 1.0)], interference [80%; MD (95% CI): - 2.3 (- 3.5, - 1.2)], and disability [73%; MD (95% CI): - 4.5 (- 6.1, - 2.9)] at 1-month follow-up. ISF-NF training is a feasible, safe, and an acceptable treatment approach for CLBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bharatkumar Adhia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. .,Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Ramakrishnan Mani
- Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jerin Mathew
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Finella O'Leary
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Mark Smith
- Neurofeedback Therapy Services of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan D, Qi L, Yang Z, Luan G, Wang Q. Putative cause of seizure-induced cognitive alterations: The oscillatory reconfiguration of seizure network. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1126875. [PMID: 36743804 PMCID: PMC9893114 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1126875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The dynamic reconfiguration of network oscillations is connected with cognitive processes. Changes in how neural networks and signaling pathways work are crucial to how epilepsy and related conditions develop. Specifically, there is evidence that prolonged or recurrent seizures may induce or exacerbate cognitive impairment. However, it still needs to be determined how the seizure brain configures its functional structure to shape the battle of strong local oscillations vs. slow global oscillations in the network to impair cognitive function. Methods In this paper, we aim to deduce the network mechanisms underlying seizure-induced cognitive impairment by comparing the evolution of strong local oscillations with slow global oscillations and their link to the resting state of healthy controls. Here, we construct a dynamically efficient network of pathological seizures by calculating the synchrony and directionality of information flow between nine patients' SEEG signals. Then, using a pattern-based method, we found hierarchical modules in the brain's functional network and measured the functional balance between the network's local strong and slow global oscillations. Results and discussion According to the findings, a tremendous rise in strong local oscillations during seizures and an increase in slow global oscillations after seizures corresponded to the initiation and recovery of cognitive impairment. Specifically, during the interictal period, local strong and slow global oscillations are in metastable balance, which is the same as a normal cognitive process and can be switched easily. During the pre-ictal period, the two show a bimodal pattern of separate peaks that cannot be easily switched, and some flexibility is lost. During the seizure period, a single-peak pattern with negative peaks is showcased, and the network eventually transitions to a very intense strong local oscillation state. These results shed light on the mechanism behind network oscillations in epilepsy-induced cognitive impairment. On the other hand, the differential (similarity) of oscillatory reorganization between the local (non) epileptogenic network and the global network may be an emergency protective mechanism of the brain, preventing the spread of pathological information flow to more healthy brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denggui Fan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Qi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Luan
- Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guoming Luan,
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Dynamics and Control, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smeele SJ, Adhia DB, De Ridder D. Feasibility and Safety of High-Definition Infraslow Pink Noise Stimulation for Treating Chronic Tinnitus—A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Neuromodulation 2022:S1094-7159(22)01339-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
8
|
Perez TM, Glue P, Adhia DB, Navid MS, Zeng J, Dillingham P, Smith M, Niazi IK, Young CK, De Ridder D. Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders. Trials 2022; 23:949. [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The core intrinsic connectivity networks (core-ICNs), encompassing the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN), have been shown to be dysfunctional in individuals with internalizing disorders (IDs, e.g. major depressive disorder, MDD; generalized anxiety disorder, GAD; social anxiety disorder, SOC). As such, source-localized, closed-loop brain training of electrophysiological signals, also known as standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) neurofeedback (NFB), targeting key cortical nodes within these networks has the potential to reduce symptoms associated with IDs and restore normal core ICN function. We intend to conduct a randomized, double-blind (participant and assessor), sham-controlled, parallel-group (3-arm) trial of sLORETA infraslow (<0.1 Hz) fluctuation neurofeedback (sLORETA ISF-NFB) 3 times per week over 4 weeks in participants (n=60) with IDs. Our primary objectives will be to examine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and neurophysiological measures to (1) compare the potential effects of sham ISF-NFB to either genuine 1-region ISF-NFB or genuine 2-region ISF-NFB, and (2) assess for potential associations between changes in PRO scores and modifications of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity/connectivity within/between the trained regions of interest (ROIs). As part of an exploratory analysis, we will investigate the effects of additional training sessions and the potential for the potentiation of the effects over time.
Methods
We will randomly assign participants who meet the criteria for MDD, GAD, and/or SOC per the MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-5) to one of three groups: (1) 12 sessions of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) ISF-NFB up-training (n=15), (2) 12 sessions of concurrent PCC ISF up-training and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) ISF-NFB down-training (n=15), or (3) 6 sessions of yoked-sham training followed by 6 sessions genuine ISF-NFB (n=30). Transdiagnostic PROs (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS; Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms – Second Version, IDAS-II; Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory, MEDI; Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale – Short Form, IUS-12; Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire, RTQ-10) as well as resting-state neurophysiological measures (full-band EEG and ECG) will be collected from all subjects during two baseline sessions (approximately 1 week apart) then at post 6 sessions, post 12 sessions, and follow-up (1 month later). We will employ Bayesian methods in R and advanced source-localisation software (i.e. exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography; eLORETA) in our analysis.
Discussion
This protocol will outline the rationale and research methodology for a clinical pilot trial of sLORETA ISF-NFB targeting key nodes within the core-ICNs in a female ID population with the primary aims being to assess its potential efficacy via transdiagnostic PROs and relevant neurophysiological measures.
Trial registration
Our study was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR; Trial ID: ACTRN12619001428156). Registered on October 15, 2019.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ujma PP, Dresler M, Simor P, Fabó D, Ulbert I, Erőss L, Bódizs R. The sleep EEG envelope is a novel, neuronal firing-based human biomarker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18836. [PMID: 36336717 PMCID: PMC9637727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep EEG reflects voltage differences relative to a reference, while its spectrum reflects its composition of various frequencies. In contrast, the envelope of the sleep EEG reflects the instantaneous amplitude of oscillations, while its spectrum reflects the rhythmicity of the occurrence of these oscillations. The sleep EEG spectrum is known to relate to demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics, but the envelope spectrum has been rarely studied. In study 1, we demonstrate in human invasive data from cortex-penetrating microelectrodes and subdural grids that the sleep EEG envelope spectrum reflects neuronal firing. In study 2, we demonstrate that the scalp EEG envelope spectrum is stable within individuals. A multivariate learning algorithm could predict age (r = 0.6) and sex (r = 0.5) from the EEG envelope spectrum. With age, oscillations shifted from a 4-5 s rhythm to faster rhythms. Our results demonstrate that the sleep envelope spectrum is a promising biomarker of demographic and disease-related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter P Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Martin Dresler
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dániel Fabó
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Department of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi S, Zeng H, Chen Y, Sobczak F, Qian C, Yu X. Laminar-specific functional connectivity mapping with multi-slice line-scanning fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4492-4501. [PMID: 35107125 PMCID: PMC9574235 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies detecting laminar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals to illustrate the canonical microcircuit, the spatiotemporal characteristics of laminar-specific information flow across cortical regions remain to be fully investigated in both evoked and resting conditions at different brain states. Here, we developed a multislice line-scanning fMRI (MS-LS) method to detect laminar fMRI signals in adjacent cortical regions with high spatial (50 μm) and temporal resolution (100 ms) in anesthetized rats. Across different trials, we detected either laminar-specific positive or negative blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the surrounding cortical region adjacent to the most activated cortex under the evoked condition. Specifically, in contrast to typical Layer (L) 4 correlation across different regions due to the thalamocortical projections for trials with positive BOLD, a strong correlation pattern specific in L2/3 was detected for trials with negative BOLD in adjacent regions, which indicated brain state-dependent laminar-fMRI responses based on corticocortical interaction. Also, in resting-state (rs-) fMRI study, robust lag time differences in L2/3, 4, and 5 across multiple cortices represented the low-frequency rs-fMRI signal propagation from caudal to rostral slices. In summary, our study provided a unique laminar fMRI mapping scheme to better characterize trial-specific intra- and inter-laminar functional connectivity in evoked and resting-state MS-LS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangcheon Choi
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Filip Sobczak
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nestoros JN, Vallianatou NG. Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback rapidly ameliorates schizophrenia symptoms: A case report of the first session. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:923695. [PMID: 36211131 PMCID: PMC9532604 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.923695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old army officer started therapy in 2020 with a four-year history of auditory hallucinations and delusions of reference, persecution and grandeur, symptoms that were resistant to traditional antipsychotic medications. He follows an integrative psychotherapy program that aims to reduce his anxiety, continues his antipsychotic medications, and has Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback. After his initial assessment he had a 40 min session of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback before any other kind of intervention. Before and immediately after the session he completed the SCL-90 scale and the Visual Analog Scale covering 20 aspects of his psychological and physical state as well as his schizophrenic symptoms. This first Neurofeedback session had dramatic effects on his psychotic symptoms, levels of anxiety and psychosomatic condition, before his first psychotherapy session and/or any changes in his antipsychotic medication. The above results have great importance due to the severity and chronicity of schizophrenia. Informed consent was obtained from the participant for the publication of this case report (including all data and images).
Collapse
|
12
|
Kropotov JD. The enigma of infra-slow fluctuations in the human EEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:928410. [PMID: 35982689 PMCID: PMC9378968 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.928410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISFs) of the human EEG (EEG-ISFs) were discovered 60 years ago when appropriate amplifiers for their recordings were designed. To avoid skin-related artifacts the recording of EEG-ISFs required puncturing the skin under the electrode. In the beginning of the 21st century the interest in EEG-ISFs was renewed with the appearance of commercially available DC-coupled amplified and by observation of ISFs of the blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging signal at a similar frequency. The independent components of irregular EEG-ISFs were shown to correlate with BOLD signals which in turn were driven by changes in arousal level measured by galvanic skin response (GSR), pupil size and HRV. There is no consensus regarding the temporal organization of EEG-ISFs: some studies emphasize the absence of peaks on EEG-ISFs spectra, some studies report prominent oscillations with frequency around 0.1 or 0.02 Hz, while some emphasize multiple discrete infraslow oscillations. No studies used parameters of EEG-ISFs as neuromarkers to discriminate psychiatric patients from healthy controls. Finally, a set of working hypotheses is suggested that must be tested in future research to solve the enigma of EEG-ISFs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Unconscious mind activates central cardiovascular network and promotes adaptation to microgravity possibly anti-aging during 1-year-long spaceflight. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11862. [PMID: 35831420 PMCID: PMC9279338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic cardiovascular regulatory system (β, 0.00013–0.02 Hz) did not adapt to microgravity after a 6-month spaceflight. The infraslow oscillation (ISO, 0.01–0.10 Hz) coordinating brain dynamics via thalamic astrocytes plays a key role in the adaptation to novel environments. We investigate the adaptive process of a healthy astronaut during a 12-month-long spaceflight by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in the LF (0.01–0.05 Hz) and MF1 (0.05–0.10 Hz) bands for two consecutive days on four occasions: before launch, at 1-month (ISS01) and 11-month (ISS02) in space, and after return to Earth. Alteration of β during ISS01 improved during ISS02 (P = 0.0167). During ISS01, LF and MF1 bands, reflecting default mode network (DMN) activity, started to increase at night (by 43.1% and 32.0%, respectively), when suprachiasmatic astrocytes are most active, followed by a 25.9% increase in MF1-band throughout the entire day during ISS02, larger at night (47.4%) than during daytime. Magnetic declination correlated positively with β during ISS01 (r = 0.6706, P < 0.0001) and ISS02 (r = 0.3958, P = 0.0095). Magnetic fluctuations may affect suprachiasmatic astrocytes, and the DMN involving ISOs and thalamic astrocytes may then be activated, first at night, then during the entire day, a mechanism that could perhaps promote an anti-aging effect noted in other investigations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Adhia DB, Mani R, Reynolds JNJ, Vanneste S, De Ridder D. High-definition transcranial infraslow pink noise stimulation for chronic low back pain: protocol for a pilot, safety and feasibility randomised placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056842. [PMID: 35705354 PMCID: PMC9204463 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common disabling health condition. Current treatments demonstrate modest effects, warranting newer therapies. Brain imaging demonstrates altered electrical activities in cortical areas responsible for pain modulation, emotional and sensory components of pain experience. Treatments targeting to change electrical activities of these key brain regions may produce clinical benefits. This pilot study aims to (1) evaluate feasibility, safety and acceptability of a novel neuromodulation technique, high-definition transcranial infraslow pink noise stimulation (HD-tIPNS), in people with CLBP, (2) explore the trend of effect of HD-tIPNS on pain and function, and (3) derive treatment estimates to support sample size calculation for a fully powered trial should trends of effectiveness be present. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A pilot, triple-blinded randomised two-arm placebo-controlled parallel trial. Participants (n=40) with CLBP will be randomised to either sham stimulation or HD-tIPNS (targeting somatosensory cortex and dorsal and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex). Primary outcomes include feasibility and safety measures, and clinical outcomes of pain (Brief Pain Inventory) and disability (Roland-Morris disability questionnaire). Secondary measures include clinical, psychological, quantitative sensory testing and electroencephalography collected at baseline, immediately postintervention, and at 1-week, 1-month and 3 months postintervention. All data will be analysed descriptively. A nested qualitative study will assess participants perceptions about acceptability of intervention and analysed thematically. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from Health and Disability Ethics Committee (Ref:20/NTB/67). Findings will be reported to regulatory and funding bodies, presented at conferences, and published in a scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620000505909p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bharatkumar Adhia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, and Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago - Dunedin Campus, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ramakrishnan Mani
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, and Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago - Dunedin Campus, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John N J Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago - Dunedin Campus, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sven Vanneste
- School of Psychology, Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, and Pain@Otago Research Theme, University of Otago - Dunedin Campus, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luhmann HJ, Kanold PO, Molnár Z, Vanhatalo S. Early brain activity: Translations between bedside and laboratory. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 213:102268. [PMID: 35364141 PMCID: PMC9923767 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity is both a driver of brain development and a readout of developmental processes. Changes in neuronal activity are therefore both the cause and consequence of neurodevelopmental compromises. Here, we review the assessment of neuronal activities in both preclinical models and clinical situations. We focus on issues that require urgent translational research, the challenges and bottlenecks preventing translation of biomedical research into new clinical diagnostics or treatments, and possibilities to overcome these barriers. The key questions are (i) what can be measured in clinical settings versus animal experiments, (ii) how do measurements relate to particular stages of development, and (iii) how can we balance practical and ethical realities with methodological compromises in measurements and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz, Germany.,Correspondence:, , ,
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue / Miller 379, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Correspondence:, , ,
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- BABA Center, Departments of Physiology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A. Markovics J. Training the Conductor of the Brainwave Symphony: In Search of a Common Mechanism of Action for All Methods of Neurofeedback. ARTIF INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.98343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are several different methods of neurofeedback, most of which presume an operant conditioning model whereby the subject learns to control their brain activity in particular regions of the brain and/or at particular brainwave frequencies based on reinforcement. One method, however, called infra-low frequency [ILF] neurofeedback cannot be explained through this paradigm, yet it has profound effects on brain function. Like a conductor of a symphony, recent evidence demonstrates that the primary ILF (typically between 0.01–0.1 Hz), which correlates with the fluctuation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the brain, regulates all of the classic brainwave bands (i.e. alpha, theta, delta, beta, gamma). The success of ILF neurofeedback suggests that all forms of neurofeedback may work through a similar mechanism that does not fit the operant conditioning paradigm. This chapter focuses on the possible mechanisms of action for ILF neurofeedback, which may be generalized, based on current evidence.
Collapse
|
17
|
Osorio-Forero A, Cherrad N, Banterle L, Fernandez LMJ, Lüthi A. When the Locus Coeruleus Speaks Up in Sleep: Recent Insights, Emerging Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095028. [PMID: 35563419 PMCID: PMC9099715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus (LC), the vertebrate brain’s principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small but broadly efferent cell population, the LC provides brain-wide noradrenergic modulation that optimizes network function in the context of attentive and flexible interaction with the sensory environment. This review turns attention to the LC’s roles during sleep. We show that these roles go beyond down-scaled versions of the ones in wakefulness. Novel dynamic assessments of noradrenaline signaling and LC activity uncover a rich diversity of activity patterns that establish the LC as an integral portion of sleep regulation and function. The LC could be involved in beneficial functions for the sleeping brain, and even minute alterations in its functionality may prove quintessential in sleep disorders.
Collapse
|
18
|
Representations of temporal sleep dynamics: review and synthesis of the literature. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 63:101611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Stucynski JA, Schott AL, Baik J, Chung S, Weber F. Regulation of REM sleep by inhibitory neurons in the dorsomedial medulla. Curr Biol 2022; 32:37-50.e6. [PMID: 34735794 PMCID: PMC8752505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The two major stages of mammalian sleep-rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) and non-REM sleep (NREMs)-are characterized by distinct brain rhythms ranging from millisecond to minute-long (infraslow) oscillations. The mechanisms controlling transitions between sleep stages and how they are synchronized with infraslow rhythms remain poorly understood. Using opto- and chemogenetic manipulation in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial medulla (dmM) promote the initiation and maintenance of REMs, in part through their projections to the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Fiber photometry revealed that their activity is strongly increased during REMs and fluctuates during NREMs in close synchrony with infraslow oscillations in the sleep spindle band of the electroencephalogram. The phase of this rhythm influenced the latency and probability with which dmM activation induced REMs. Thus, dmM inhibitory neurons strongly promote REMs, and their slow activity fluctuations may coordinate the timing of REMs episodes with infraslow brain rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Stucynski
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda L. Schott
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Baik
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Present address: Inscopix, 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jafarian A, Wykes RC. Impact of DC-Coupled Electrophysiological Recordings for Translational Neuroscience: Case Study of Tracking Neural Dynamics in Rodent Models of Seizures. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:900063. [PMID: 35936824 PMCID: PMC9351053 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.900063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that to fully understand biological mechanisms underlying pathological brain activity with transitions (e.g., into and out of seizures), wide-bandwidth electrophysiological recordings are important. We demonstrate the importance of ultraslow potential shifts and infraslow oscillations for reliable tracking of synaptic physiology, within a neural mass model, from brain recordings that undergo pathological phase transitions. We use wide-bandwidth data (direct current (DC) to high-frequency activity), recorded using epidural and penetrating graphene micro-transistor arrays in a rodent model of acute seizures. Using this technological approach, we capture the dynamics of infraslow changes that contribute to seizure initiation (active pre-seizure DC shifts) and progression (passive DC shifts). By employing a continuous-discrete unscented Kalman filter, we track biological mechanisms from full-bandwidth data with and without active pre-seizure DC shifts during paroxysmal transitions. We then apply the same methodological approach for tracking the same parameters after application of high-pass-filtering >0.3Hz to both data sets. This approach reveals that ultraslow potential shifts play a fundamental role in the transition to seizure, and the use of high-pass-filtered data results in the loss of key information in regard to seizure onset and termination dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jafarian
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rob C Wykes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Nanomedicine Lab, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Osorio-Forero A, Cardis R, Vantomme G, Guillaume-Gentil A, Katsioudi G, Devenoges C, Fernandez LMJ, Lüthi A. Noradrenergic circuit control of non-REM sleep substates. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5009-5023.e7. [PMID: 34648731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS). However, sensory vigilance persists in NREMS in animals and humans, suggesting that wake promotion could remain functional. Here, we demonstrate that consolidated mouse NREMS is a brain state with recurrent fluctuations of the wake-promoting neurotransmitter noradrenaline on the ∼50-s timescale in the thalamus. These fluctuations occurred around mean noradrenaline levels greater than the ones of quiet wakefulness, while noradrenaline (NA) levels declined steeply in REMS. They coincided with a clustering of sleep spindle rhythms in the forebrain and with heart-rate variations, both of which are correlates of sensory arousability. We addressed the origins of these fluctuations by using closed-loop optogenetic locus coeruleus (LC) activation or inhibition timed to moments of low and high spindle activity during NREMS. We could suppress, lock, or entrain sleep-spindle clustering and heart-rate variations, suggesting that both fore- and hindbrain-projecting LC neurons show coordinated infraslow activity variations in natural NREMS. Noradrenergic modulation of thalamic, but not cortical, circuits was required for sleep-spindle clustering and involved NA release into primary sensory and reticular thalamic nuclei that activated both α1- and β-adrenergic receptors to cause slowly decaying membrane depolarizations. Noradrenergic signaling by LC constitutes a vigilance-promoting mechanism that renders mammalian NREMS vulnerable to disruption on the close-to-minute timescale through sustaining thalamocortical and autonomic sensory arousability. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Osorio-Forero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Cardis
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gil Vantomme
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Guillaume-Gentil
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Katsioudi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Devenoges
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura M J Fernandez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Christian F, Pollak A, Thomas R. Identification of significant PVC clusters through PPG waveform review. Sleep Med 2021; 88:22-24. [PMID: 34731823 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Christian
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Pollak
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Thomas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The diversity and specificity of functional connectivity across spatial and temporal scales. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118692. [PMID: 34751153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroscopic neuroimaging modalities in humans have revealed the organization of brain-wide activity into distributed functional networks that re-organize according to behavioral demands. However, the inherent coarse-graining of macroscopic measurements conceals the diversity and specificity in responses and connectivity of many individual neurons contained in each local region. New invasive approaches in animals enable recording and manipulating neural activity at meso- and microscale resolution, with cell-type specificity and temporal precision down to milliseconds. Determining how brain-wide activity patterns emerge from interactions across spatial and temporal scales will allow us to identify the key circuit mechanisms contributing to global brain states and how the dynamic activity of these states enables adaptive behavior.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cardis R, Lecci S, Fernandez LM, Osorio-Forero A, Chu Sin Chung P, Fulda S, Decosterd I, Lüthi A. Cortico-autonomic local arousals and heightened somatosensory arousability during NREMS of mice in neuropathic pain. eLife 2021; 10:65835. [PMID: 34227936 PMCID: PMC8291975 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent nightly arousals typical for sleep disorders cause daytime fatigue and present health risks. As such arousals are often short, partial, or occur locally within the brain, reliable characterization in rodent models of sleep disorders and in human patients is challenging. We found that the EEG spectral composition of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in healthy mice shows an infraslow (~50 s) interval over which microarousals appear preferentially. NREMS could hence be vulnerable to abnormal arousals on this time scale. Chronic pain is well-known to disrupt sleep. In the spared nerve injury (SNI) mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain, we found more numerous local cortical arousals accompanied by heart rate increases in hindlimb primary somatosensory, but not in prelimbic, cortices, although sleep macroarchitecture appeared unaltered. Closed-loop mechanovibrational stimulation further revealed higher sensory arousability. Chronic pain thus preserved conventional sleep measures but resulted in elevated spontaneous and evoked arousability. We develop a novel moment-to-moment probing of NREMS vulnerability and propose that chronic pain-induced sleep complaints arise from perturbed arousability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Cardis
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Lecci
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mj Fernandez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Osorio-Forero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Chu Sin Chung
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephany Fulda
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital (EOC) of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raut RV, Snyder AZ, Mitra A, Yellin D, Fujii N, Malach R, Raichle ME. Global waves synchronize the brain's functional systems with fluctuating arousal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabf2709. [PMID: 34290088 PMCID: PMC8294763 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and empirically support a parsimonious account of intrinsic, brain-wide spatiotemporal organization arising from traveling waves linked to arousal. We hypothesize that these waves are the predominant physiological process reflected in spontaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal fluctuations. The correlation structure ("functional connectivity") of these fluctuations recapitulates the large-scale functional organization of the brain. However, a unifying physiological account of this structure has so far been lacking. Here, using fMRI in humans, we show that ongoing arousal fluctuations are associated with global waves of activity that slowly propagate in parallel throughout the neocortex, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum. We show that these waves can parsimoniously account for many features of spontaneous fMRI signal fluctuations, including topographically organized functional connectivity. Last, we demonstrate similar, cortex-wide propagation of neural activity measured with electrocorticography in macaques. These findings suggest that traveling waves spatiotemporally pattern brain-wide excitability in relation to arousal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V Raut
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dov Yellin
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naotaka Fujii
- Laboratory for Adaptive Intelligence, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Garcia-Cortadella R, Schwesig G, Jeschke C, Illa X, Gray AL, Savage S, Stamatidou E, Schiessl I, Masvidal-Codina E, Kostarelos K, Guimerà-Brunet A, Sirota A, Garrido JA. Graphene active sensor arrays for long-term and wireless mapping of wide frequency band epicortical brain activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:211. [PMID: 33431878 PMCID: PMC7801381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene active sensors have demonstrated promising capabilities for the detection of electrophysiological signals in the brain. Their functional properties, together with their flexibility as well as their expected stability and biocompatibility have raised them as a promising building block for large-scale sensing neural interfaces. However, in order to provide reliable tools for neuroscience and biomedical engineering applications, the maturity of this technology must be thoroughly studied. Here, we evaluate the performance of 64-channel graphene sensor arrays in terms of homogeneity, sensitivity and stability using a wireless, quasi-commercial headstage and demonstrate the biocompatibility of epicortical graphene chronic implants. Furthermore, to illustrate the potential of the technology to detect cortical signals from infra-slow to high-gamma frequency bands, we perform proof-of-concept long-term wireless recording in a freely behaving rodent. Our work demonstrates the maturity of the graphene-based technology, which represents a promising candidate for chronic, wide frequency band neural sensing interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Garcia-Cortadella
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Schwesig
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - C Jeschke
- Multi Channel Systems (MCS) GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - X Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna L Gray
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Savage
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Stamatidou
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I Schiessl
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - E Masvidal-Codina
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - K Kostarelos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Guimerà-Brunet
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sirota
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - J A Garrido
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Does photobiomodulation influence the resting-state brain networks in young human subjects? Exp Brain Res 2020; 239:435-449. [PMID: 33211136 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), we explored the effect of transcranial photobiomodulation on four major resting-state brain networks, namely the sensorimotor, salience, default mode and central executive networks, in normal young subjects. We used a vielight transcranial device (810 nm) and compared the scans in 20 subjects (mean age 30.0 ± 2.8 years) after active- and sham-photobiomodulation sessions. Four sets of analysis-independent components, network connectivity, infra-slow oscillatory power and arterial spin labelling-were undertaken. Our results showed that when comparing pre- with post-active and pre- with post-sham photobiomodulation scans, there were no substantial differences in activity across any of the four resting-state networks examined, indicating no clear photobiomodulation effect. When taken together with previous findings, we suggest that the impact of photobiomodulation becomes much clearer only after brain circuitry is altered, for example, after a neurone undergoes some change in its equilibrium or homeostasis, either during pathology or ageing, or during a change in functional activity when individuals are engaged in a specific task (e.g. evoked brain activity).
Collapse
|
28
|
Weber FD, Supp GG, Klinzing JG, Mölle M, Engel AK, Born J. Coupling of gamma band activity to sleep spindle oscillations - a combined EEG/MEG study. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117452. [PMID: 33059050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are crucial to memory consolidation. Cortical gamma oscillations (30-100 Hz) are considered to reflect processing of memory in local cortical networks. The temporal and regulatory relationship between spindles and gamma activity might therefore provide clues into how sleep strengthens cortical memory representations. Here, combining EEG with MEG recordings during sleep in healthy humans (n = 12), we investigated the temporal relationships of cortical gamma band activity, always measured by MEG, during fast (12-16 Hz) and slow (8-12 Hz) sleep spindles detected in the EEG or MEG. Time-frequency distributions did not show a consistent coupling of gamma to the spindle oscillation, although activity in the low gamma (30-40 Hz) and neighboring beta range (<30 Hz) was generally increased during spindles. However, more fine-grained analyses of cross-frequency interactions revealed that both low and high gamma power (30-100 Hz) was coupled to the phase of slow and fast EEG spindles, importantly, with this coupling at a fixed phase only for the oscillations within an individual spindle, but with variable phase across spindles. We did not observe any coupling of gamma activity for spindles detected solely in the MEG and not in parallel EEG recordings, raising the possibility that these are more local spindles of different quality. Similar to fast spindle activity, low gamma band power followed a ~0.025 Hz infraslow rhythm during sleep whose frequency, however, was significantly faster than that of spindle activity. Our findings suggest a general function of fast and slow spindles that by spanning larger cortical networks might serve to synchronize gamma band activity occurring in more local but distributed networks. Thereby, spindles might help linking local memory processing between distributed networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik D Weber
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, Germany.
| | - Gernot G Supp
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Building N43, Germany
| | - Jens G Klinzing
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, Germany
| | - Matthias Mölle
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Building N43, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park SH, Weber F. Neural and Homeostatic Regulation of REM Sleep. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1662. [PMID: 32793050 PMCID: PMC7385183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a distinct, homeostatically controlled brain state characterized by an activated electroencephalogram (EEG) in combination with paralysis of skeletal muscles and is associated with vivid dreaming. Understanding how REM sleep is controlled requires identification of the neural circuits underlying its initiation and maintenance, and delineation of the homeostatic processes regulating its expression on multiple timescales. Soon after its discovery in humans in 1953, the pons was demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient for the generation of REM sleep. But, especially within the last decade, researchers have identified further neural populations in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and medulla that regulate REM sleep by either promoting or suppressing this brain state. The discovery of these populations was greatly facilitated by the availability of novel technologies for the dissection of neural circuits. Recent quantitative models integrate findings about the activity and connectivity of key neurons and knowledge about homeostatic mechanisms to explain the dynamics underlying the recurrence of REM sleep. For the future, combining quantitative with experimental approaches to directly test model predictions and to refine existing models will greatly advance our understanding of the neural and homeostatic processes governing the regulation of REM sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
van der Meer MAA, Kemere C, Diba K. Progress and issues in second-order analysis of hippocampal replay. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190238. [PMID: 32248780 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterns of neural activity that occur spontaneously during sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events in the hippocampus are thought to play an important role in memory formation, consolidation and retrieval. Typical studies examining the content of SWRs seek to determine whether the identity and/or temporal order of cell firing is different from chance. Such 'first-order' analyses are focused on a single time point and template (map), and have been used to show, for instance, the existence of preplay. The major methodological challenge in first-order analyses is the construction and interpretation of different chance distributions. By contrast, 'second-order' analyses involve a comparison of SWR content between different time points, and/or between different templates. Typical second-order questions include tests of experience-dependence (replay) that compare SWR content before and after experience, and comparisons or replay between different arms of a maze. Such questions entail additional methodological challenges that can lead to biases in results and associated interpretations. We provide an inventory of analysis challenges for second-order questions about SWR content, and suggest ways of preventing, identifying and addressing possible analysis biases. Given evolving interest in understanding SWR content in more complex experimental scenarios and across different time scales, we expect these issues to become increasingly pervasive. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb Kemere
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamran Diba
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pais-Roldán P, Takahashi K, Sobczak F, Chen Y, Zhao X, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Yu X. Indexing brain state-dependent pupil dynamics with simultaneous fMRI and optical fiber calcium recording. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6875-6882. [PMID: 32139609 PMCID: PMC7104268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909937117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupillometry, a noninvasive measure of arousal, complements human functional MRI (fMRI) to detect periods of variable cognitive processing and identify networks that relate to particular attentional states. Even under anesthesia, pupil dynamics correlate with brain-state fluctuations, and extended dilations mark the transition to more arousable states. However, cross-scale neuronal activation patterns are seldom linked to brain state-dependent pupil dynamics. Here, we complemented resting-state fMRI in rats with cortical calcium recording (GCaMP-mediated) and pupillometry to tackle the linkage between brain-state changes and neural dynamics across different scales. This multimodal platform allowed us to identify a global brain network that covaried with pupil size, which served to generate an index indicative of the brain-state fluctuation during anesthesia. Besides, a specific correlation pattern was detected in the brainstem, at a location consistent with noradrenergic cell group 5 (A5), which appeared to be dependent on the coupling between different frequencies of cortical activity, possibly further indicating particular brain-state dynamics. The multimodal fMRI combining concurrent calcium recordings and pupillometry enables tracking brain state-dependent pupil dynamics and identifying unique cross-scale neuronal dynamic patterns under anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pais-Roldán
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Filip Sobczak
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hang Zeng
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Xin Yu
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dennison PA. Response: Commentary: The Human Default Consciousness and Its Disruption: Insights From an EEG Study of Buddhist Jhāna Meditation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32116607 PMCID: PMC7025511 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
33
|
Dash MB. Infraslow coordination of slow wave activity through altered neuronal synchrony. Sleep 2019; 42:5540154. [PMID: 31353415 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow wave activity (SWA; the EEG power between 0.5 and 4 Hz during non-rapid eye movement sleep [NREM]) is the best electrophysiological marker of sleep need; SWA dissipates across the night and increases following sleep deprivation. In addition to these well-documented homeostatic SWA trends, SWA exhibits extensive variability across shorter timescales (seconds to minutes) and between local cortical regions. The physiological underpinnings of SWA variability, however, remain poorly characterized. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, we observed that SWA exhibits pronounced infraslow fluctuations (~40- to 120-s periods) that are coordinated across disparate cortical locations. Peaks in SWA across infraslow cycles were associated with increased slope, amplitude, and duration of individual slow waves and a reduction in the total number of waves and proportion of multipeak waves. Using a freely available data set comprised of extracellular unit recordings during consolidated NREM episodes in male Long-Evans rats, we further show that infraslow SWA does not appear to arise as a consequence of firing rate modulation of putative excitatory or inhibitory neurons. Instead, infraslow SWA was associated with alterations in neuronal synchrony surrounding "On"/"Off" periods and changes in the number and duration of "Off" periods. Collectively, these data provide a mechanism by which SWA can be coordinated across disparate cortical locations and thereby connect local and global expression of this patterned neuronal activity. In doing so, infraslow SWA may contribute to the regulation of cortical circuits during sleep and thereby play a critical role in sleep function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dash
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As one of the most inheritable sleep EEG signatures, sleep spindles probably reflect the strength and malleability of thalamocortical circuits that underlie individual cognitive profiles. We review the characteristics, organization, regulation, and origins of sleep spindles and their implication in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and its functions, focusing on human and rodent. Spatially, sleep spindle-related neuronal activity appears on scales ranging from small thalamic circuits to functional cortical areas, and generates a cortical state favoring intracortical plasticity while limiting cortical output. Temporally, sleep spindles are discrete events, part of a continuous power band, and elements grouped on an infraslow time scale over which NREMS alternates between continuity and fragility. We synthesize diverse and seemingly unlinked functions of sleep spindles for sleep architecture, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and cognitive abilities into a unifying sleep spindle concept, according to which sleep spindles 1) generate neural conditions of large-scale functional connectivity and plasticity that outlast their appearance as discrete EEG events, 2) appear preferentially in thalamic circuits engaged in learning and attention-based experience during wakefulness, and 3) enable a selective reactivation and routing of wake-instated neuronal traces between brain areas such as hippocampus and cortex. Their fine spatiotemporal organization reflects NREMS as a physiological state coordinated over brain and body and may indicate, if not anticipate and ultimately differentiate, pathologies in sleep and neurodevelopmental, -degenerative, and -psychiatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M J Fernandez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Y, Huang X, Yang X, Yang Q, Wang X, Northoff G, Pang Y, Wang C, Cui Q, Chen H. Low Frequency Phase-locking of Brain Signals Contribute to Efficient Face Recognition. Neuroscience 2019; 422:172-183. [PMID: 31704494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low frequency phase synchronization is an essential mechanism of information communication among brain regions. In the infra-slow frequency range (<0.1 Hz), inter-regional phase lag is of importance for brain function (e.g., anti-phase between the default mode network and task positive network). However, the role of phase lag in cognitive processing remains unclear. Based on the frequency tagging experimental paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, we investigated inter-regional phase lag and phase coherence using a face recognition task (n = 30, 15 males/15 females). Phase coherence within the face processing system was significantly increased during task state, highlighting the importance of regular inter-regional phase relationship for face recognition. Moreover, results showed decreased phase lag within the core and extended face areas (face processing system) and increased phase lag between the face processing system and frontoparietal network, indicating a reorganization of inter-regional relationships of the two systems. Inter-regional phase lag was modulated by the task at ascending and descending phases of the fMRI signal, suggesting a phase-dependent inter-regional relationship. Furthermore, phase lags between visual cortex and amygdala and between visual cortex and motor area were positively related to reaction time, indicating better task performance depends on both rapid emotional detection pathway and visual-motor pathway. Overall, inter-regional phase synchronization in the infra-slow frequency range is of important for effective information communication and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Xinju Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chong Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fell J, von Wrede R, Cox R. Commentary: The Human Default Consciousness and Its Disruption: Insights From an EEG Study of Buddhist Jhāna Meditation. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:407. [PMID: 31803037 PMCID: PMC6872983 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miyawaki H, Watson BO, Diba K. Neuronal firing rates diverge during REM and homogenize during non-REM. Sci Rep 2019; 9:689. [PMID: 30679509 PMCID: PMC6345798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons fire at highly variable intrinsic rates and recent evidence suggests that low- and high-firing rate neurons display different plasticity and dynamics. Furthermore, recent publications imply possibly differing rate-dependent effects in hippocampus versus neocortex, but those analyses were carried out separately and with potentially important differences. To more effectively synthesize these questions, we analyzed the firing rate dynamics of populations of neurons in both hippocampal CA1 and frontal cortex under one framework that avoids the pitfalls of previous analyses and accounts for regression to the mean (RTM). We observed several consistent effects across these regions. While rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was marked by decreased hippocampal firing and increased neocortical firing, in both regions firing rate distributions widened during REM due to differential changes in high- versus low-firing rate cells in parallel with increased interneuron activity. In contrast, upon non-REM (NREM) sleep, firing rate distributions narrowed while interneuron firing decreased. Interestingly, hippocampal interneuron activity closely followed the patterns observed in neocortical principal cells rather than the hippocampal principal cells, suggestive of long-range interactions. Following these undulations in variance, the net effect of sleep was a decrease in firing rates. These decreases were greater in lower-firing hippocampal neurons but also higher-firing frontal cortical neurons, suggestive of greater plasticity in these cell groups. Our results across two different regions, and with statistical corrections, indicate that the hippocampus and neocortex show a mixture of differences and similarities as they cycle between sleep states with a unifying characteristic of homogenization of firing during NREM and diversification during REM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyawaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahimachi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Brendon O Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kamran Diba
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|