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Zhang S, Li J, Zhai Y, Xu J, Wang Y, Ding X, Qiu X. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis of the preventive mechanism of TAETEA Prebiotea on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 247:116218. [PMID: 38810332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea belongs to the six tea categories of black tea, according to the processing technology and quality characteristics, is divided into two types of raw tea and ripe tea. Raw tea is made from fresh leaves of tea as raw materials, through the process of greening, kneading, sun drying, steam molding and other processes made of tightly pressed tea. Ripe tea is made from Yunnan large-leafed sun green tea, using a specific process, post-fermentation (rapid post-fermentation or slow post-fermentation) processing of loose tea and tightly pressed tea. TAETEA Prebiotea is Puerh Ripe Tea, TAETEA Prebiotea has the effect of increasing insulin level and improving hyperglycemia in mice, and it also has the effect of regulating blood lipids, which can reduce the level of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and improve the metabolism of lipids. Therefore, further experiments were conducted by us, and TAETEA Prebiotea was formulated into a suitable dose for the intervention of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model rats, and at the end of the experiments, the samples of each group of experiments were analyzed and detected by the method of UHPLC-Q-Exactive LC-MS liquid-mass spectrometry methodology, and the relevant metabolites as well as metabolic pathways were analyzed by the method of Non targeted metabolomics analysis. As a result, 71 differential metabolites could be screened, of which 35 differential metabolites were up-regulated after intervention and 36 differential metabolites were down-regulated after intervention. Based on the KEGG pathway enrichment and Pathway Impact bubble diagram analysis, glycine, serine, threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and central carbon metabolism in cancer may be the main metabolic pathways in which TAETEA Prebiotea exerted preventive effects on NAFLD rats, C00148 (Proline), C00300 (Creatine) and C00719 (Betaine) are the differential metabolites that play important regulatory roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahang Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfan Zhai
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Ding
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Qiu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, People's Republic of China.
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Huang H, Zhao H, Wenqing L, Xu F, Wang X, Yao Y, Huang Y. Prospect of research on anti-atherosclerosis effect of main components of traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe through gut microbiota: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37104. [PMID: 38306512 PMCID: PMC10843552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases are on the rise globally, posing a severe threat to human health. Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered a multi-factorial inflammatory disease and the main pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as the leading cause of death. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce and exacerbate inflammatory reactions, accelerate metabolic disorders and immune function decline, and affect the progression and prognosis of AS-related diseases. The Chinese herbal medicine clinicians frequently utilize Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe, an effective therapeutic approach for the management of AS. This article reviews the correlation between the main components of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe and the gut microbiota and AS to provide new directions and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Wenqing
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyue Xu
- Shanghai Pudong New District Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Gál R, Halmosi R, Gallyas F, Tschida M, Mutirangura P, Tóth K, Alexy T, Czopf L. Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38001889 PMCID: PMC10669290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gál
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Michael Tschida
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kálmán Tóth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Alexy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - László Czopf
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
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4
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Ciccone MM, Lepera ME, Guaricci AI, Forleo C, Cafiero C, Colella M, Palmirotta R, Santacroce L. Might Gut Microbiota Be a Target for a Personalized Therapeutic Approach in Patients Affected by Atherosclerosis Disease? J Pers Med 2023; 13:1360. [PMID: 37763128 PMCID: PMC10532785 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing number of studies on the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis have led to significant interest in this subject. The gut microbiota, its metabolites (metabolome), such as TMAO, and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflammation, originating from the intestinal tract, adds yet another mechanism by which the human ecosystem is disrupted, resulting in the manifestation of metabolic diseases and, by extension, cardiovascular diseases. The scientific community must understand and elucidate these mechanisms in depth, to gain a better understanding of the relationship between atherosclerosis and the gut microbiome and to promote the development of new therapeutic targets in the coming years. This review aims to present the knowledge acquired so far, to trigger others to further investigate this intriguing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Mario Erminio Lepera
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Concetta Cafiero
- Area of Molecular Pathology, Anatomic Pathology Unit, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy;
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Raffele Palmirotta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.)
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5
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Yang Y, Zhou B, Zhang S, Si L, Liu X, Li F. Prebiotics for depression: how does the gut microbiota play a role? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1206468. [PMID: 37485386 PMCID: PMC10358272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1206468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and aversion to activity that can interfere with daily life, is a condition of great concern. Prebiotics, which are non-digestible substances selectively utilized by host microorganisms for health benefits, have gained attention for their potential to improve overall wellness and alleviate various disorders including depression. This study aims to review clinical trials utilizing carbohydrate-type prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), human milk oligosaccharides, resistant starch, prebiotic phytochemicals including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acids, resveratrol, and prebiotic lipids (n-3 polysaturated fatty acids) to determine their effects on depression. Our findings suggest that GOS at a daily dosage of 5 g and eicosapentaenoic acid at or less than 1 g can effectively mitigate depressive symptoms. While EGCG exhibits potential antidepressant properties, a higher dosage of 3 g/d may be necessary to elicit significant effects. The plausible mechanisms underlying the impact of prebiotics on depression include the synthesis of neurotransmitters, production of short-chain fatty acids, and regulation of inflammation.
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6
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Guo J, Li K, Lin Y, Liu Y. Protective effects and molecular mechanisms of tea polyphenols on cardiovascular diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1202378. [PMID: 37448666 PMCID: PMC10336229 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1202378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most important factor contributing to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and the incidence and severity of cardiovascular events tend to increase with age. Currently, CVD is the leading cause of death in the global population. In-depth analysis of the mechanisms and interventions of cardiovascular aging and related diseases is an important basis for achieving healthy aging. Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general term for the polyhydroxy compounds contained in tea leaves, whose main components are catechins, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, condensed phenolic acids and polymeric phenols. Among them, catechins are the main components of TPs. In this article, we provide a detailed review of the classification and composition of teas, as well as an overview of the causes of aging-related CVDs. Then, we focus on ten aspects of the effects of TPs, including anti-hypertension, lipid-lowering effects, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-atherosclerosis, recovery of endothelial function, anti-thrombosis, myocardial protective effect, to improve CVDs and the detailed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- General Surgery Department, The First People’s Hospital of Tai’an City, Tai’an, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Ziółkiewicz A, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Rusinek R, Markut-Miotła E, Oniszczuk A. The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087146. [PMID: 37108307 PMCID: PMC10139042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted tremendous attention due to their pro-health properties, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder underlying several CVDs. One of the main risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the type and quality of food consumed. Therefore, polyphenols represent promising agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by in vitro, animal, preclinical and clinical studies. However, most polyphenols cannot be absorbed directly by the small intestine. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. An increasing understanding of the field has confirmed that specific GM taxa strains mediate the gut microbiota-atherosclerosis axis. The present study explores the anti-atherosclerotic properties and associated underlying mechanisms of polyphenols. Moreover, it provides a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Markut-Miotła
- Department of Lung Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoniego Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Centner AM, Khalili L, Ukhanov V, Kadyan S, Nagpal R, Salazar G. The Role of Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Mouse Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051212. [PMID: 36904211 PMCID: PMC10005405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome alterations have recently been linked to many chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is an interplay between diet and the resident gut microbiome, where the food eaten affects populations of certain microbes. This is important, as different microbes are associated with various pathologies, as they can produce compounds that are disease-promoting or disease-protecting. The Western diet negatively affects the host gut microbiome, ultimately resulting in heightened arterial inflammation and cell phenotype changes as well as plaque accumulation in the arteries. Nutritional interventions including whole foods rich in fiber and phytochemicals as well as isolated compounds including polyphenols and traditional medicinal plants show promise in positively influencing the host gut microbiome to alleviate atherosclerosis. This review investigates the efficacy of a vast array of foods and phytochemicals on host gut microbes and atherosclerotic burden in mice. Reduction in plaque by interventions was associated with increases in bacterial diversity, reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and upregulation of Akkermansia. Upregulation in CYP7 isoform in the liver, ABC transporters, bile acid excretion, and the level of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were also noted in several studies reducing plaque. These changes were also associated with attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, an increase in the abundance of Akkermansia with diets rich in polyphenols, fiber, and grains is likely to reduce plaque burden in patients suffering from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Centner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Leila Khalili
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Vladimir Ukhanov
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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Liu C, Gan RY, Chen D, Zheng L, Ng SB, Rietjens IMCM. Gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of green tea catechins and the biological consequences: An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7067-7084. [PMID: 38975869 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2180478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple beneficial effects have been attributed to green tea catechins (GTCs). However, the bioavailability of GTCs is generally low, with only a small portion directly absorbed in the small intestine. The majority of ingested GTCs reaches the large intestinal lumen, and are extensively degraded via biotransformation by gut microbiota, forming many low-molecular-weight metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones, phenolic acids, butyrate, and acetate. This process not only improves the overall bioavailability of GTC-derived metabolites but also enriches the biological activities of GTCs. Therefore, the intra- and inter-individual differences in human gut microbiota as well as the resulting biological contribution of microbial metabolites are crucial for the ultimate health benefits. In this review, the microbial degradation of major GTCs was characterized and an overview of the in vitro models used for GTC metabolism was summarized. The intra- and inter-individual differences of human gut microbiota composition and the resulting divergence in the metabolic patterns of GTCs were highlighted. Moreover, the potential beneficial effects of GTCs and their gut microbial metabolites were also discussed. Overall, the microbial metabolites of GTCs with higher bioavailability and bioactive potency are key factors for the observed beneficial effects of GTCs and green tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Khalili L, Centner AM, Salazar G. Effects of Berries, Phytochemicals, and Probiotics on Atherosclerosis through Gut Microbiota Modification: A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043084. [PMID: 36834497 PMCID: PMC9960548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death and disability. The beneficial effects of phytochemicals and probiotics on atherosclerosis have gained significant interest since these functional foods can improve inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiome dysbiosis. The direct effect of the microbiome in atherosclerosis, however, needs further elucidation. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of polyphenols, alkaloids, and probiotics on atherosclerosis using a meta-analysis of studies with mouse models of atherosclerosis. Identification of eligible studies was conducted through searches on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until November 2022. The results showed that phytochemicals reduced atherosclerosis, which was significant in male mice, but not in females. Probiotics, on the other hand, showed significant reductions in plaque in both sexes. Berries and phytochemicals modulated gut microbial composition by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and by upregulating health-promoting bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila. This analysis suggests that phytochemicals and probiotics can reduce atherosclerosis in animal models, with a potentially greater effect on male animals. Thus, consumption of functional foods rich in phytochemicals as well as probiotics are viable interventions to improve gut health and reduce plaque burden in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Xiong HH, Lin SY, Chen LL, Ouyang KH, Wang WJ. The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020320. [PMID: 36673411 PMCID: PMC9857828 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes have prompted a rash of food science, nutriology and biomedicine, complying with future research trends. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and human health, but once the intestinal flora dysregulation occurs, it may contribute to various diseases. Flavonoids have shown a variety of physiological activities, and are metabolized or biotransformed by gut microbiota, thereby producing new metabolites that promote human health by modulating the composition and structure of intestinal flora. Herein, this review demonstrates the key notion of flavonoids as well as intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding about how flavonoids regulate the diseases by gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction that affects the metabolic fate of flavonoids and their metabolites, thereby influencing their metabolic mechanism, biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity. Potentially by focusing on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota as well as their metabolites such as bile acids, we discuss the influence mechanism of flavonoids on intestinal microbiota by protecting the intestinal barrier function and immune system. Additionally, the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction plays a crucial role in regulating various diseases. We explain the underlying regulation mechanism of several typical diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guideline for the promotion of gastrointestinal health as well as the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Su-Yun Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ke-Hui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-83813655
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12
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Xiang Q, Liu Y, Wu Z, Wang R, Zhang X. New hints for improving sleep: Tea polyphenols mediate gut microbiota to regulate circadian disturbances. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo P.R. China
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Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010340. [PMID: 36613784 PMCID: PMC9820274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Thanks to multiple interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and nuclear transcription factors, EGCG possesses a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-remodelation, and tissue-protective properties which may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly in cancer, and neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in the above-mentioned disorders in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis.
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Chen X, Pan S, Li F, Xu X, Xing H. Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Potential Health Benefits: Involvement of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolic Activity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121871. [PMID: 36551299 PMCID: PMC9775189 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse and abuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry seriously endanger both human health and the continuously healthy development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Plant-derived bioactive compounds (curcumin, capsaicin, quercetin, resveratrol, catechin, lignans, etc.) have been widely studied in recent years, due to their extensive pharmacological functions and biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antistress, antitumor, antiviral, lowering blood glucose and lipids, and improving insulin sensitivity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plant-derived bioactive compounds are able to enhance the host's ability to resist or diminish diseases by regulating the abundance of its gut microbiota, achieving great potential as a substitute for antibiotics. Recent developments in both humans and animals have also highlighted the major contribution of gut microbiota to the host's nutrition, metabolism, immunity, and neurological functions. Changes in gut microbiota composition are closely related to the development of obesity and can lead to numerous metabolic diseases. Mounting evidence has also demonstrated that plant-derived bioactive compounds, especially curcumin, can improve intestinal barrier function by regulating intestinal flora. Furthermore, bioactive constituents can be also directly metabolized by intestinal flora and further produce bioactive metabolites by the interaction between the host and intestinal flora. This largely enhances the protective effect of bioactive compounds on the host intestinal and whole body health, indicating that the bidirectional regulation between bioactive compounds and intestinal flora has great application potential in maintaining the host's intestinal health and preventing or treating various diseases. This review mainly summarizes the latest research progress in the bioregulation between gut microbiota and plant-derived bioactive compounds, together with its application potential in humans and animals, so as to provide theoretical support for the application of plant-derived bioactive compounds as new feed additives and potential substitutes for antibiotics in the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Overall, based on this review, it can be concluded that plant-derived bioactive compounds, by modulating gut microbiota, hold great promise toward the healthy development of both humans and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
- Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9274; Fax: +86-514-8797-2218
| | - Fei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hua Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Deng B, Tao L, Wang Y. Natural products against inflammation and atherosclerosis: Targeting on gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997056. [PMID: 36532443 PMCID: PMC9751351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has become recognized as a crucial element in preserving human fitness and influencing disease consequences. Commensal and pathogenic gut microorganisms are correlated with pathological progress in atherosclerosis (AS). GM may thus be a promising therapeutic target for AS. Natural products with cardioprotective qualities might improve the inflammation of AS by modulating the GM ecosystem, opening new avenues for researches and therapies. However, it is unclear what components of natural products are useful and what the actual mechanisms are. In this review, we have summarized the natural products relieving inflammation of AS by regulating the GM balance and active metabolites produced by GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyu Tao
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chen M, Xie CR, Shi YZ, Tang TC, Zheng H. Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:187-193. [PMID: 35961601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies showed an association between gut microbiota and depression, but the causality relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to determine whether there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and major depressive disorders (MDD) and explore the role of gut microbiota in decreasing the risk of MDD. METHODS Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study acquired top SNPs associated with the composition of gut microbiota (n = 18,340) and with MDDs (n = 480,359) from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The SNPs estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis, with sensitivity analyses-weighted median, MR Egger, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO). RESULTS The Actinobacteria class had protective causal effects on MDD (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.87 to 0.9). The Bifidobacterium (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.91) were further found to have similar effects as the Actinobacteria class. The genus Ruminococcus1 had a protective effect on MDD (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.99) while the Streptococcaceae family and its genus had an anti-protective effect on MDD (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.13), but these findings were not supported by the MR-Egger analysis. Bidirectional MR showed no effect of MDD on gut microbiota composition. LIMITATIONS The use of summary-level data, the risk of sample overlap and low statistical power are the major limiting factors. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analysis showed a protective effect of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus and a potentially anti-protective effect of Streptococcaceae on MDD pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to transform the findings into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of colorectal diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chao-Rong Xie
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yun-Zhou Shi
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tai-Chun Tang
- Department of colorectal diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hui Zheng
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Santos D, Frota EG, Vargas BK, Tonieto Gris CC, Santos LFD, Bertolin TE. What is the role of phenolic compounds of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in gut microbiota? PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113341. [PMID: 35952769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diet actively influences gut microbiota and body homeostasis. The predominance of beneficial species results in symbiosis, while dysbiosis is characterized by an imbalance between microbial communities. Food plays a key role in this dynamic and in promoting the health of individuals. Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate, is a traditional plant from Latin America that has a complex matrix of bioactive substances, including methylxanthines, triterpenes, saponins, and phenolics. The consumption of yerba mate is associated with antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on yerba mate as a modulating agent of intestinal microbiota. Phenolics are the major compounds in yerba mate and have been reported to act in modulating the microbiome. In this review, we explore the activity of yerba mate as a possible stimulant of gut microbiota and present its main phenolics and their biological effects. We also propose different mechanisms of action of these phenolics and possible doses for their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Elionio Galvão Frota
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Krieger Vargas
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Cassia Tonieto Gris
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lára Franco Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Telma Elita Bertolin
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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18
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Luo C, Wei X, Song J, Xu X, Huang H, Fan S, Zhang D, Han L, Lin J. Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Polyphenols: New Insights into the Treatment of Fatigue. Molecules 2022; 27:7377. [PMID: 36364203 PMCID: PMC9653952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue seriously affects people's work efficiency and quality of life and has become a common health problem in modern societies around the world. The pathophysiology of fatigue is complex and not fully clear. To some degree, interactions between gut microbiota and host may be the cause of fatigue progression. Polyphenols such as tannin, tea polyphenols, curcumin, and soybean isoflavones relieve fatigue significantly. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is able to convert these active compounds into more active metabolites through intestinal fermentation. However, the mechanism of anti-fatigue polyphenols is currently mainly analyzed from the perspective of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and changes in gut microbiota are rarely considered. This review focuses on gut microecology and systematically summarizes the latest theoretical and research findings on the interaction of gut microbiota, fatigue, and polyphenols. First, we outline the relationship between gut microbiota and fatigue, including changes in the gut microbiota during fatigue and how they interact with the host. Next, we describe the interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols in fatigue treatment (regulation of the gut microbiota by polyphenols and metabolism of polyphenols by the gut microbiota), and how the importance of potential active metabolites (such as urolithin) produced by the decomposition of polyphenols by gut microbiota is emerging. Based on the new perspective of gut microbiota, this review provides interesting insights into the mechanism of polyphenols in fatigue treatment and clarifies the potential of polyphenols as targets for anti-fatigue product development, aiming to provide a useful basis for further research and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xichuan Wei
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sichuan Huamei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
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19
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Kumar NB, Hogue S, Pow-Sang J, Poch M, Manley BJ, Li R, Dhillon J, Yu A, Byrd DA. Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention: The Role of the Gut Microbiome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3988. [PMID: 36010981 PMCID: PMC9406482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports green tea catechins (GTCs) in chemoprevention for prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among men. GTCs include (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which may modulate the molecular pathways implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. Prior studies of GTCs suggested that they are bioavailable, safe, and effective for modulating clinical and biological markers implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. GTCs may be of particular benefit to those with low-grade PCas typically managed with careful monitoring via active surveillance (AS). Though AS is recommended, it has limitations including potential under-grading, variations in eligibility, and anxiety reported by men while on AS. Secondary chemoprevention of low-grade PCas using GTCs may help address these limitations. When administrated orally, the gut microbiome enzymatically transforms GTC structure, altering its bioavailability, bioactivity, and toxicity. In addition to xenobiotic metabolism, the gut microbiome has multiple other physiological effects potentially involved in PCa progression, including regulating inflammation, hormones, and other known/unknown pathways. Therefore, it is important to consider not only the independent roles of GTCs and the gut microbiome in the context of PCa chemoprevention, but how gut microbes may relate to individual responses to GTCs, which, in turn, can enhance clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi B. Kumar
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Stephanie Hogue
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Julio Pow-Sang
- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Michael Poch
- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brandon J. Manley
- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Roger Li
- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alice Yu
- Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Doratha A. Byrd
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Kan J, Wu F, Wang F, Zheng J, Cheng J, Li Y, Yang Y, Du J. Phytonutrients: Sources, bioavailability, interaction with gut microbiota, and their impacts on human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960309. [PMID: 36051901 PMCID: PMC9424995 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytonutrients are natural bioactive components present in the daily diet that can exert a positive impact on human health. Studies have shown that phytonutrients may act as antioxidants and improve metabolism after being ingested, which help to regulate physiological processes and prevent metabolic disorders and diseases. However, their efficacy is limited by their low bioavailability. The gut microbiota is symbiotic with humans and its abundance and profile are related to most diseases. Interestingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with the metabolism of phytonutrients by converting them into small molecules that can be absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Furthermore, phytonutrients can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and therefore improve the host's health. Here, we focus on uncovering the mechanisms by which phytonutrients and gut microbiota play roles in health, and the interrelationships between phytonutrients and gut microbiota were summarized. We also reviewed the studies that reported the efficacy of phytonutrients in human health and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Junrui Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- Yuexin Yang
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Du
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22
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Polyphenol Mechanisms against Gastric Cancer and Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota: A Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5247-5261. [PMID: 35892986 PMCID: PMC9332243 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of new drugs and resistance to existing drugs are serious problems in gastric cancer(GC) treatment. The research found polyphenols possess anti-Helicobacter pylori(Hp) and antitumor activities and may be used in the research and development of drugs for cancer prevention and treatment. However, polyphenols are affected by their chemical structures and physical properties, which leads to relatively low bioavailability and bioactivity in vivo. The intestinal flora can improve the absorption, utilization, and biological activity of polyphenols, whereas polyphenol compounds can increase the richness of the intestinal flora, reduce the activity of carcinogenic bacteria, stabilize the proportion of core flora, and maintain homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment. Our review summarizes the gastrointestinal flora-mediated mechanisms of polyphenol against GC.
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23
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Wang M, Li J, Hu T, Zhao H. Metabolic fate of tea polyphenols and their crosstalk with gut microbiota. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Anto L, Blesso CN. Interplay Between Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Atherosclerosis: Role of Dysbiosis and Microbial Metabolites on Inflammation and Disordered Lipid Metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Li Y, Yu Z, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu Y, Bai Z, Ren Y, Ma H, Bao T, Lu H, Wang R, Yang L, Yan N, Yan R, Jia S, Zhang X, Wang H. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis via Gut Microbiota-Inflammation-Artery Axis in ApoE−/− Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:830781. [PMID: 35295260 PMCID: PMC8918482 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.830781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with abnormally chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Flaxseed oil (FO) rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are mainly composed of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 omega-3), has been demonstrated to exhibit pleiotropic benefits in chronic metabolic diseases. However, the impact of dietary ALA-rich FO on AS and its associated underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, the present study was designed as two phases to investigate the effects in atherosclerotic Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice. In the initial portion, the ApoE−/− mice were randomly allocated to three groups: control group (CON), model group (MOD), and FO-fed model group (MOD/FO) and were treated for 12 weeks. The second phase used antibiotic (AB)-treated ApoE−/− mice were divided into two groups: AB-treated model group (AB/MOD) and FO-fed AB-treated model group (AB/FO). In the results, the dietary ALA-rich FO administration ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion, as well as the parameters of AS (body weights (BWs) and the total bile acids (TBA). Chronic systemic/vascular inflammatory cytokines and in situ macrophages (Mψs) were reduced with FO intervention. In addition, the FO improved the gut integrity and permeability by decreasing the plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, gut dysbiosis and metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs)] in AS were modulated after FO treatment. Intriguingly, during an AB-treated condition, a significantly weakened amelioration of FO-treated on AS proposed that the intestinal microbiota contributed to the FO effects. A correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, metabolites, and inflammation. Collectively, these results suggested that the dietary ALA-rich FO ameliorated the AS in ApoE−/− mice via the gut microbiota-inflammation-artery axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhixia Bai
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Zhang
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Hao Wang
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Fang X, Dong S, Xin Z, He W, Zhang Y, Xiong J, Wang J, Zhenlin L, Wang L, Zhong Q, Hong W. Correlation between green tea polyphenols regulating intestinal bacteriophage and flora diversity in SPF mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2952-2965. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTP) play an important role in shaping the gut microbiome, comprising of a range of densely colonizing microorganisms, including bacteriophages. Previous studies focused on the effect of...
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27
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Ma H, Hu Y, Zhang B, Shao Z, Roura E, Wang S. Tea polyphenol – gut microbiota interactions: hints on improving the metabolic syndrome in a multi-element and multi-target manner. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yan B, Chen ZS, Hu Y, Yong Q. Insight in the Recent Application of Polyphenols From Biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753898. [PMID: 34589477 PMCID: PMC8473751 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass polyphenols are bio-active macromolecules with distinct chemical structures in a variety of biomass. In recent years, the study of biomass polyphenols and their application in food and medicine fields has become a research hotspot, which predominantly focuses on the preparation, purification, structural identifications, and measurements of biological activities. Many studies describe methodologies for extraction and application of polyphenols, but comprehensive work to review its physiological activities like drugs and health products are lacking. This paper comprehensively unlocks the bioactivities of antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, neuroprotection, control of blood sugar, regulation of blood fat, and promotion of gastrointestinal health functions of polyphenols from different biomass sources. This review will serve as an illuminating resource for the global scientific community, especially for those who are actively working to promote the advances of the polyphenols research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhefan Stephen Chen
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Shang A, Li J, Zhou DD, Gan RY, Li HB. Molecular mechanisms underlying health benefits of tea compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:181-200. [PMID: 34118386 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tea is one of the three most widely consumed beverages in the world, not only because of its unique flavor but also due to its various health benefits. The bioactive components in tea, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, polypeptides, pigments, and alkaloids, are the main contributors to its health functions. Based on epidemiological surveys, the consumption of tea and its compounds in daily life has positive effects on cardiovascular diseases, cancers, hepatopathy, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In experimental studies, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, cardiovascular protective, liver protective, and hypoglycemic activities of tea and the related mechanisms of action have been widely investigated. The regulation of several classical signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling, is involved. Clinical trials have also demonstrated the potential of tea products to be applied as dietary supplements and natural medicines. In this paper, we reviewed and discussed the recent literature on the health benefits of tea and its compounds, and specifically explored the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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30
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Freitas RS, Roque CR, Matos GA, Belayev L, de Azevedo OGR, Alvarez-Leite JI, Guerrant RL, Oriá RB. Immunoinflammatory role of apolipoprotein E4 in malnutrition and enteric infections and the increased risk for chronic diseases under adverse environments. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1001-1012. [PMID: 34406390 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. The immunomodulatory functions of the human polymorphic APOE gene have gained particular interest because APOE4, a well-recognized risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, has also been recently linked to increased risk of COVID-19 infection severity in a large UK biobank study. Although much is known about apoE functions in the nervous system, much less is known about APOE polymorphism effects on malnutrition and enteric infections and the consequences for later development in underprivileged environments. In this review, recent findings are summarized of apoE's effects on intestinal function in health and disease and the role of APOE4 in protecting against infection and malnutrition in children living in unfavorable settings, where poor sanitation and hygiene prevail, is highlighted. The potential impact of APOE4 on later development also is discussed and gaps in knowledge are identified that need to be addressed to protect children's development under adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S Freitas
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cássia R Roque
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gabriella A Matos
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Orleâncio G R de Azevedo
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Richard L Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Wambulwa MC, Meegahakumbura MK, Kamunya S, Wachira FN. From the Wild to the Cup: Tracking Footprints of the Tea Species in Time and Space. Front Nutr 2021; 8:706770. [PMID: 34422884 PMCID: PMC8377202 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.706770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the world's most popular beverages, known for its cultural significance and numerous health benefits. A clear understanding of the origin and history of domestication of the tea species is a fundamental pre-requisite for effective germplasm conservation and improvement. Though there is a general consensus about the center of origin of the tea plant, the evolutionary origin and expansion history of the species remain shrouded in controversy, with studies often reporting conflicting findings. This mini review provides a concise summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the origin, domestication, and dissemination of the species around the world. We note that tea was domesticated around 3000 B.C. either from non-tea wild relatives (probably Camellia grandibracteata and/or C. leptophylla) or intra-specifically from the wild Camellia sinensis var. assamica trees, and that the genetic origins of the various tea varieties may need further inquiry. Moreover, we found that lineage divergence within the tea family was apparently largely driven by a combination of orogenic, climatic, and human-related forces, a fact that could have important implications for conservation of the contemporary tea germplasm. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of an integrative approach involving linguistics, historical records, and genetics to identify the center of origin of the tea species, and to infer its history of expansion. Throughout the review, we identify areas of debate, and highlight potential research gaps, which lay a foundation for future explorations of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses C. Wambulwa
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | - Samson Kamunya
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute (KALRO-TRI), Kericho, Kenya
| | - Francis N. Wachira
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Fu C, Zhang X. The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123692. [PMID: 34204244 PMCID: PMC8233780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Junmin Li
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
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33
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Sun Q, Cheng L, Zhang X, Wu Z, Weng P. The interaction between tea polyphenols and host intestinal microorganisms: an effective way to prevent psychiatric disorders. Food Funct 2021; 12:952-962. [PMID: 33439201 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) are the most bioactive components in tea extracts. It has been reported that TP can regulate the composition and the function of the intestinal flora. Meanwhile, intestinal microorganisms improve the bioavailability of TP, and the corresponding metabolites of TP can regulate intestinal micro-ecology and promote human health more effectively. The dysfunction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is the main pathological basis of depression, and its abnormality may be the direct cause and potential influencing factor of psychiatric disorders. The interrelationship between TP and intestinal microorganisms is discussed in this review, which will enable us to better evaluate the potential preventive effects of TP on psychiatric disorders by modulating host intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China.
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34
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Moorthy M, Sundralingam U, Palanisamy UD. Polyphenols as Prebiotics in the Management of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020299. [PMID: 33540692 PMCID: PMC7913110 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review explores the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in the management of obesity among animals fed on a high-fat diet. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four studies reported a significant reduction in obesity-related parameters. Most notably, 83% of the studies showed a decrease in either body weight/visceral adiposity/plasma triacylglyceride. Furthermore, 42 studies reported a significant improvement in gut microbiota (GM), significantly affecting the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Blautia, Roseburia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Desulfovibrio. Polyphenols’ anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties were associated with their ability to modulate GM. This review supports the notion of polyphenols as effective prebiotics in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic derangements in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanambal Moorthy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Uma D. Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-5514-5840 or +6012-38-09-092
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Zhou DD, Luo M, Shang A, Mao QQ, Li BY, Gan RY, Li HB. Antioxidant Food Components for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Studies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6627355. [PMID: 33574978 PMCID: PMC7864729 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have gained increasing attention because of their high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and cereals could reduce the risk of CVDs, and their antioxidants are considered as the main contributors. Moreover, experimental studies showed that some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds exerted beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, and puerarin. The mechanisms of action mainly included reducing blood pressure, improving lipid profile, ameliorating oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed the cardiovascular-protective effect of some antioxidant natural products, such as soursop, beetroot, garlic, almond, and green tea. In this review, we summarized the effects of some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds on CVDs based on the epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with special attention paid to the relevant mechanisms and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Shabbir U, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Chelliah R, Javed A, Oh DH. Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 33445760 PMCID: PMC7828240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Shabbir
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
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Zhao X, Oduro PK, Tong W, Wang Y, Gao X, Wang Q. Therapeutic potential of natural products against atherosclerosis: Targeting on gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105362. [PMID: 33285231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) has emerged as an essential and integral factor for maintaining human health and affecting pathological outcomes. Metagenomics and metabolomics characterization have furthered gut metagenome's understanding and unveiled that deviation of specific GM community members and GM-dependent metabolites imbalance orchestrate metabolic or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Restoring GM ecosystem with nutraceutical supplements keenly prebiotics and probiotics relatively decreases CVDs incidence and overall mortality. In Atherosclerosis, commensal and pathogenic gut microbes correlate with atherogenesis events. GM-dependent metabolites-trimethylamine N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids regulate atherosclerosis-related metabolic processes in opposite patterns to affect atherosclerosis outcomes. Therefore, GM might be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. In atherogenic animal models, natural products with cardioprotective properties could modulate the GM ecosystem by revitalizing healthier GM phylotypes and abrogating proatherogenic metabolites, paving future research paths for clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanyu Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
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38
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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Carlessi AS, Borba LA, Zugno AI, Quevedo J, Réus GZ. Gut microbiota-brain axis in depression: The role of neuroinflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:222-235. [PMID: 31785168 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition that affects a large number of people in the world, and the treatment existents do not work for all individuals affected. Thus, it is believed that other systems or pathways which regulate brain networks involved in mood regulation and cognition are associated with MDD pathogenesis. Studies in humans and animal models have been shown that in MDD there are increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines in both periphery and central nervous system (CNS). In addition, microglial activation appears to be a key event that triggers changes in signaling cascades and gene expression that would be determinant for the onset of depressive symptoms. Recent researches also point out that changes in the gut microbiota would lead to a systemic inflammation that in different ways would reach the CNS modulating inflammatory pathways and especially the microglia, which could influence responses to treatments. Moreover, pre- and probiotics have shown antidepressant responses and anti-inflammatory effects. This review will focus on studies that show the relationship of inflammation with the gut microbiota-brain axis and its relation with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise S Carlessi
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Laura A Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
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Guo T, Song D, Cheng L, Zhang X. Interactions of tea catechins with intestinal microbiota and their implication for human health. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1617-1625. [PMID: 31807334 PMCID: PMC6859143 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea catechins have attracted strong interests in pharmacological field for their extensive biological activities; however, their bioavailability in vivo is relatively low. Recent studies have shown tea catechins can modulate the composition of intestinal microbiota and help to improve hosts' health. Meanwhile, the gut flora plays a crucial role in regulating the production of the metabolites of tea catechins and their biological activity. Although the activities of tea catechins to promote intestinal micro-ecology have been extensively studied, little is known about the two-way phenol-microbial interactions. This review focuses on the modulatory effect of tea catechins on intestinal microbiota as well as the microbial degradation of tea catechins and the metabolites formed. Finally, the potential effects of tea catechins on chronic intestinal inflammation are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
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Chen T, Yang CS. Biological fates of tea polyphenols and their interactions with microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract: implications on health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2691-2709. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1654430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Food Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Yuan T, Chu C, Shi R, Cui T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Shi X, Hui Y, Pan J, Qian R, Dai X, Liu Z, Liu X. ApoE-Dependent Protective Effects of Sesamol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Behavioral Disorders: Regulation of the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6190-6201. [PMID: 31117496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol, an antioxidant lignan from sesame oil, possesses neuroprotective bioactivities. The present work was aimed to elucidate the systemic protective effects of sesamol on cognitive deficits and to determine the possible link between gut and brain. Wildtype and ApoE-/- mice were treated with a high-fat diet and sesamol (0.05%, w/v, in drinking water) for 10 weeks. Behavioral tests including Morris-water maze, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze tests indicated that sesamol could only improve cognitive deficits and anxiety behaviors in wildtype. Consistently, sesamol improved synapse ultrastructure and inhibited Aβ accumulation in an ApoE-dependent manner. Moreover, sesamol prevented dietary-induced gut barrier damages and systemic inflammation. Sesamol also reshaped gut microbiome and improved the generation of microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids. To summarize, this study revealed that the possible mechanism of neuroprotective effects of sesamol might be ApoE-dependent, and its beneficial effects on gut microbiota/metabolites could be translated into neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Rubing Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Tianlin Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Yan Hui
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Junru Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Rui Qian
- Food Analysis and Development Center , Beijing ZhiYunDa Technology, Co., LTD. , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture , BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen , China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
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Liu J, An N, Ma C, Li X, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Li J. Correlation analysis of intestinal flora with hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2325-2330. [PMID: 30210587 PMCID: PMC6122545 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between intestinal flora content and hypertension was investigated. Ninety-four patients with hypertension who were admitted and treated in No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry from May 2016 to April 2017 were selected as the observation group; and 94 healthy people from the physical examination center of No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry in the same time period were selected as the control group. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of all the participants were measured. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the quantities of Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium in the intestines, and correlation analyses were performed. The SBP, DBP and content of Eubacterium rectale in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the contents of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that Eubacterium rectale was positively correlated with SBP and DBP, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium had a negative correlation with SBP and DBP (P<0.05). The results showed that the quantities of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are decreased while the number of Eubacterium rectale is increased in the intestines of patients with hypertension. Moreover, the content of intestinal flora has a significant correlation with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Cardiology, Xingyuan Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, No. 5 Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Dongguan Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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Wang J, Tang L, Zhou H, Zhou J, Glenn TC, Shen CL, Wang JS. Long-term treatment with green tea polyphenols modifies the gut microbiome of female sprague-dawley rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:55-64. [PMID: 29454999 PMCID: PMC6022747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have been shown to exert a spectrum of health benefits to animals and humans. It is plausible that the beneficial effects of GTP are a result of its interaction with the gut microbiota. This study evaluated the effect of long-term treatment with GTP on the gut microbiota of experimental rats and the potential linkage between changes of the gut microbiota with the beneficial effects of GTP. Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three dosing regimens (0, 0.5%, and 1.5% of GTP) and followed for 6 months. At the end of month 3 or month 6, half of the animals from each group were sacrificed and their colon contents were collected for microbiome analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA and shotgun metagenomic community sequencing. GTP treatment significantly decreased the biodiversity and modified the microbial community in a dose-dependent manner; similar patterns were observed at both sampling times. Multiple operational taxonomic units and phylotypes were modified: the phylotypes Bacteroidetes and Oscillospira, previously linked to the lean phenotype in human and animal studies, were enriched; and Peptostreptococcaceae previously linked to colorectal cancer phenotype was depleted in GTP treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Several microbial gene orthologs were modified, among which genes related to energy production and conversion were consistently enriched in samples from month 6 in a dose-dependent manner. This study showed that long-term treatment with GTP induced a dose-dependent modification of the gut microbiome in experimental rats, which might be linked to beneficial effects of GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Lyu M, Wang YF, Fan GW, Wang XY, Xu SY, Zhu Y. Balancing Herbal Medicine and Functional Food for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases through Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2146. [PMID: 29167659 PMCID: PMC5682319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that gut microbiota is closely associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), and alteration in microbiome compositions is also linked to the host environment. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated in-depth studies on the effects of herbal medicine and functional food on gut microbiota. Both herbal medicine and functional food contain fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides, exerting prebiotics-like activities in the prevention and treatment of CMDs. The administrations of herbal medicine and functional food lead to increased the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella, while reducing phylum Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in gut. Both herbal medicine and functional food interact with gut microbiome and alter the microbial metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are now correlated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, trimethylamine (TMA)-N-oxide (TMAO) is recently linked to atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Moreover, gut-organs axes may serve as the potential strategy for treating CMDs with the intervention of herbal medicine and functional food. In summary, a balance between herbal medicine and functional food rich in fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides plays a vital role in modulating gut microbiota (phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella) through SCFAs, BAs, LPS and TMAO signaling regarding CMDs. Targeting gut-organs axes may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for CMDs by herbal medicine and functional food in the future. This review aims to summarize the balance between herbal medicine and functional food utilized for the prevention and treatment of CMDs through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan-Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Program, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Sinha D, Biswas J, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Tea phytochemicals for breast cancer prevention and intervention: From bench to bedside and beyond. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:33-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yang C, Fujita Y, Ren Q, Ma M, Dong C, Hashimoto K. Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota confer resilience to chronic social defeat stress in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45942. [PMID: 28368029 PMCID: PMC5377462 DOI: 10.1038/srep45942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Although approximately 30% mice are resilient to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), the role of gut microbiota in this stress resilience is unknown. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a different CD1 aggressor mouse for 10 min on 10 consecutive days. A social interaction test was applied to distinguish between resilient and susceptible mice. Using 16S rRNA analysis, we examined the composition of gut microbiota in feces from control, resilient, and susceptible mice. The marked appearance of Bifidobacterium was detected in the resilient mice, whereas in the control and susceptible mice, Bifidobacterium were below the detection limit. Oral intake of Bifidobacterium significantly increased the number of resilient mice after CSDS compared with vehicle-treated mice. These findings suggest that Bifidobacterium may confer resilience to CSDS. Therefore, supplementation of Bifidobacterium may prevent the onset of depression from stress in humans. In addition, supplementation of Bifidobacterium may prevent or minimize relapse from remission induced by inflammation and/or stress in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Min Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Chao Dong
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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