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Osman NA, Gani M, Tingga RCT, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Chan E, Md-Zain BM. Unveiling the Gut Microbiota of Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) in Selected Habitats in Malaysia. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12737. [PMID: 39323065 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in primates, which may be associated with their habitat. In Malaysia, pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) live in different habitat environments and have traditionally been used for coconut plucking for more than a century. There is currently no information regarding the gut microbiota of this macaque in Malaysia. To address this oversight, this study employed a fecal metabarcoding approach to determine the gut microbiota composition of pig-tailed macaques and establish how these microbial communities correspond with the macaque external environments of residential area, forest edge, and fragmented forest. METHODS To determine this connection, 300 paired-end sequences of 16S rRNA were amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq platform. RESULTS In the pig-tailed macaque fecal samples, we identified 17 phyla, 40 orders, 52 families, 101 genera, and 139 species of bacteria. The most prevalent bacterial families in the gut of pig-tailed macaques were Firmicutes (6.31%) and Proteobacteria (0.69%). Our analysis did not identify a significant difference between the type of environmental habitat and the gut microbiota composition of these macaques. CONCLUSIONS There was great variation in the population richness and bacterial community structure. The abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria helps this macaque digest food more easily while maintaining a healthy gut microbiota diversity. Exploring the gut microbiota provides an initial effort to support pig-tailed macaque conservation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azimah Osman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Millawati Gani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NWFL), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roberta Chaya Tawie Tingga
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan
- Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Eddie Chan
- Genting Nature Adventure, Resorts World Awana Hotel, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Munir Md-Zain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lana D, Traini C, Bulli I, Sarti G, Magni G, Attorre S, Giovannini MG, Vannucchi MG. Chronic administration of prebiotics and probiotics ameliorates pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in a APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1451114. [PMID: 39166107 PMCID: PMC11333230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1451114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota (MB), although one of the main producers of Aβ in the body, in physiological conditions contributes to the maintainance of a healthy brain. Dysbiosis, the dysbalance between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in the MB increases Aβ production, contributing to the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain, the main histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Administration of prebiotics and probiotics, maintaining or recovering gut-MB composition, could represent a nutraceutical strategy to prevent or reduce AD sympthomathology. Aim of this research was to evaluate whether treatment with pre- and probiotics could modify the histopathological signs of neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of a transgenic mouse model of AD (APP/PS1 mice). The hippocampus is one of the brain regions involved in AD. Methods: Tg mice and Wt littermates (Wt-T and Tg-T) were fed daily for 6 months from 2 months of age with a diet supplemented with prebiotics (a multi-extract of fibers and plant complexes, containing inulin/fruit-oligosaccharides) and probiotics (a 50%-50% mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei). Controls were Wt and Tg mice fed with a standard diet. Brain sections were immunostained for Aβ plaques, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and inflammatory proteins that were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy and digital imaging with ImageJ software. Results: Quantitative analyses demonstrated that: 1) The treatment with pre- and probiotics significantly decreased Aβ plaques in CA3, while in CA1 the reduction was not significant; 2) Neuronal damage in CA1 Stratum Pyramidalis was significantly prevented in Tg-T mice; no damage was found in CA3; 3) In both CA1 and CA3 the treatment significantly increased astrocytes density, and GFAP and IBA1 expression, especially around plaques; 4) Microglia reacted differently in CA1 and CA3: in CA3 of Tg-T mice there was a significant increase of CD68+ phagocytic microglia (ball-and-chain phenomic) and of CX3CR1 compared with CA1. Discussion: The higher microglia reactivity could be responsible for their more efficient scavenging activity towards Aβ plaques in CA3 in comparison to CA1. Treatment with pre- and probiotics, modifying many of the physiopathological hallmarks of AD, could be considered an effective nutraceutical strategy against AD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Traini
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Bulli
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sarti
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Magni
- Cnr — Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Selene Attorre
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Cui X, Zhang T, Xie T, Guo FX, Zhang YY, Deng YJ, Wang Q, Guo YX, Dong MH, Luo XT. Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2371-2387. [PMID: 38770171 PMCID: PMC11104380 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-xi Guo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ying Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jia Deng
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Aronica TS, Carella M, Balistreri CR. Different Levels of Therapeutic Strategies to Recover the Microbiome to Prevent/Delay Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or Arrest Its Progression in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3928. [PMID: 38612738 PMCID: PMC11012256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the components, variety, metabolism, and products of microbiomes, particularly of the gut microbiome (GM), have been revealed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous human illnesses, including hematological neoplasms. Among the latter pathologies, there is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most widespread malignant neoplasm in pediatric subjects. Accordingly, ALL cases present a typical dysfunctional GM during all its clinical stages and resulting inflammation, which contributes to its progression, altered response to therapy, and possible relapses. Children with ALL have GM with characteristic variations in composition, variety, and functions, and such alterations may influence and predict the complications and prognosis of ALL after chemotherapy treatment or stem cell hematopoietic transplants. In addition, growing evidence also reports the ability of GM to influence the formation, growth, and roles of the newborn's hematopoietic system through the process of developmental programming during fetal life as well as its susceptibility to the onset of onco-hematological pathologies, namely ALL. Here, we suggest some therapeutic strategies that can be applied at two levels of intervention to recover the microbiome and consequently prevent/delay ALL or arrest its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Silvano Aronica
- Complex Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli Hospitals, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (T.S.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriam Carella
- Complex Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli Hospitals, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (T.S.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Li L, Jing S, Tang Y, Li D, Qin M. The effects of food provisioning on the gut microbiota community and antibiotic resistance genes of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1361218. [PMID: 38567076 PMCID: PMC10985317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are the highest elevation lived non-human primate, and their survival has been threatened for decades. To promote their population growth, a reserve provides a typical monkey population with supplemental food. However, the influences of this food provisioning on their gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were unknown. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiota and ARGs of the food-provisioned monkey population compared with another wild foraging population. We found that food provisioning significantly increased the gut microbiota diversity and changed the community composition, particularly increased both the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Meanwhile, the food provisioning decreased the complex and stable gut microbiota network. KEGG functions were also influenced by food provisioning, with wild foraging monkeys showing higher functions of metabolism and genetic information processing, especially the carbohydrate metabolism, while food-provisioned monkeys exhibited increased environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems, including valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation. In addition, food provisioning increased the abundance of ARGs in the gut microbiota, with most increasing the abundance of bacA gene and changing the correlations between specific ARGs and bacterial phyla in each population. Our study highlights that even food provisioning could promote wildlife nutrient intake, and it is necessary to pay attention to the increased ARGs and potential effects on gut microbiota stability and functions for this human conservation measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Shan Jing
- School of Electrical Information Engineering, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Mingsen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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6
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Polianovskaia A, Jonelis M, Cheung J. The impact of plant-rich diets on sleep: a mini-review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1239580. [PMID: 38379547 PMCID: PMC10876799 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1239580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-rich diets (PRDs), also referred to as plant based diets, have been shown to have beneficial effects on various chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. However, limited data are available on the effect of such diets on sleep and sleep disorders. In this review article, we explore existing evidence and potential mechanisms by which PRDs may impact sleep and sleepiness. High-fat diets are associated with drowsiness, while fiber-rich diets improve sleep quality. Anti-inflammatory diets may benefit patients with sleep disturbances, and diets rich in tryptophan and serotonin precursors may improve sleep quality. Isoflavones and polyphenols present in PRDs may also have a positive impact on sleep. Furthermore, diets rich in plants may reduce the risk of obstructive sleep apnea and associated daytime sleepiness. Overall, the current knowledge about PRDs in sleep and sleep disorders is limited, and further research is needed to explore the potential advantages of this dietary approach in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Polianovskaia
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Michelle Jonelis
- Sleep and Lifestyle Medicine Physician, Lifestyle Sleep, Mill Valley, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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7
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Salvesi C, Coman MM, Tomás-Barberán FA, Fiorini D, Silvi S. In vitro study of potential prebiotic properties of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:45-57. [PMID: 37845639 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2270639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil, essential ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, is attracting a growing interest due to increasing evidence on its beneficial effects on human health. This study investigated whether extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) possess prebiotic properties. Twenty different monovarietal EVOO samples from 5 Marche region cultivars (Italy) were studied. The prebiotic activity of EVOOs was assessed monitoring the selective stimulation of gut bacterial species and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, using an in vitro fermentation system. All EVOOs selectively stimulated Lactobacillus spp., with a stronger activity than that observed in the inulin fermentation (positive control). Also, the bifidobacteria population increased; this bifidogenic stimulation was of EVOOs from Raggia cultivar. SCFAs appeared significantly higher after 24 h in all EVOO fermentations than in the control. Acetic and propionic acids production was particularly stimulated. Overall, most of the investigated EVOOs had a potential prebiotic activity, similar or stronger than inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP - Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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8
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Li Q, Wu L, Wang G, Zheng F, Sun J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li L, Sun B. Inhibitory Effects of Jiuzao Polysaccharides on Alcoholic Fatty Liver Formation in Zebrafish Larvae and Their Regulatory Impact on Intestinal Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:276. [PMID: 38254577 PMCID: PMC10815347 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is critical in alcohol metabolism, and excessive consumption heightens the risk of hepatic damage, potentially escalating to hepatitis and cirrhosis. Jiuzao, a by-product of Baijiu production, contains a rich concentration of naturally active polysaccharides known for their antioxidative properties. This study investigated the influence of Laowuzeng Jiuzao polysaccharide (LJP) on the development of ethanol-induced alcoholic fatty liver. Zebrafish larvae served as the model organisms for examining the LJPs hepatic impact via liver phenotypic and biochemical assays. Additionally, this study evaluated the LJPs effects on gene expression associated with alcoholic fatty liver and the composition of the intestinal microbiota through transcriptomic and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analyses, respectively. Our findings revealed that LJP markedly mitigated morphological liver damage and reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in larvae. Transcriptome data indicated that LJP ameliorated hepatic fat accumulation and liver injury by enhancing gene expression involved in alcohol and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, LJP modulated the development of alcoholic fatty liver by altering the prevalence of intestinal Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, specifically augmenting Acinetobacter while diminishing Chryseobacterium levels. Ultimately, LJP mitigated alcohol-induced hepatic injury by modulating gene expression related to ethanol metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammation and by orchestrating alterations in the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guangnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Hebei Hengshui Laobaigan Liquor Co., Ltd., Hengshui 053009, China (Z.L.)
| | - Zexia Li
- Hebei Hengshui Laobaigan Liquor Co., Ltd., Hengshui 053009, China (Z.L.)
| | - Lianghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China (J.S.); (L.L.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Carroll-Portillo A, Lin DM, Lin HC. The Diversity of Bacteriophages in the Human Gut. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2738:17-30. [PMID: 37966590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, commonly referred to as phages, are viruses that infect bacteria and are among the most numerous microorganisms on the planet. They occur throughout nature occupying every habitat where their bacterial hosts can be found. Within these communities, phages are responsible for shaping the bacterial community structure and function through their interactions. Phages shape the community structure and function within the human gut but are also able to influence the human host. As such, there is increased interest in understanding the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal phages, although these studies have been hindered by the difficulties accompanying the study of the human gut. Here, we summarize the methods and findings pertaining to the diversity of the human gastrointestinal phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Derek M Lin
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Park G, Kadyan S, Hochuli N, Pollak J, Wang B, Salazar G, Chakrabarty P, Efron P, Sheffler J, Nagpal R. A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323752. [PMID: 38444392 PMCID: PMC10936641 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating brain disorder with rapidly mounting prevalence worldwide, yet no proven AD cure has been discovered. Using a multi-omics approach in a transgenic AD mouse model, the current study demonstrated the efficacy of a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MkD) on AD-related neurocognitive pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms related to the gut-microbiome-brain axis. The findings revealed that MkD induces profound shifts in the gut microbiome community and microbial metabolites. Most notably, MkD promoted growth of the Lactobacillus population, resulting in increased bacteria-derived lactate production. We discovered elevated levels of microbiome- and diet-derived metabolites in the serum as well, signaling their influence on the brain. Importantly, these changes in serum metabolites upregulated specific receptors that have neuroprotective effects and induced alternations in neuroinflammatory-associated pathway profiles in hippocampus. Additionally, these metabolites displayed strong favorable co-regulation relationship with gut-brain integrity and inflammatory markers, as well as neurobehavioral outcomes. The findings underscore the ameliorative effects of MkD on AD-related neurological function and the underlying gut-brain communication via modulation of the gut microbiome-metabolome arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hochuli
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julie Pollak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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11
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Avelar-Barragan J, Mendez Luque LF, Nguyen J, Nguyen H, Odegaard AO, Fleischman AG, Whiteson KL. Characterizing the microbiome of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms during a Mediterranean diet intervention. mBio 2023; 14:e0230823. [PMID: 37877698 PMCID: PMC10746218 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02308-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome serves as an interface between the host and the diet. Diet and the gut microbiome both play important roles in managing inflammation, which is a key aspect of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Studies have shown that a Mediterranean (MED) diet can reduce inflammation. Therefore, we longitudinally characterized the gut microbiomes of MPN patients in response to Mediterranean or standard 2020 US Guidelines for Americans dietary counseling to determine whether there were microbiome-associated changes in inflammation. We did not find significant changes in the gut microbiome associated with diet, but we did find several associations with inflammation. This research paves the way for future studies by identifying potential mechanistic targets implicated in inflammation within the MPN gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Avelar-Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Laura F. Mendez Luque
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hellen Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrew O. Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela G. Fleischman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Katrine L. Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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12
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Zhou Y, Duan L, Zeng Y, Song X, Pan K, Niu L, Pu Y, Li J, Khalique A, Fang J, Jing B, Zeng D, Shen B, Ni X. The panda-derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BSG201683 improves LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37674107 PMCID: PMC10481503 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Captive pandas are suffering from intestinal infection due to intestinal microbiota characterized by a high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae induced by long-term captivity. Probiotic supplements showed improvement in intestinal barrier function and inflammation. However, the effects of panda-derived probiotics on the intestinal epithelium and inflammation have not been elucidated. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impaired Caco-2 and RAW264.7 inflammatory models were applied to assess the protection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BSG201683 (L. plantarum G83) on barrier disruption and inflammation. The results showed that treatment with L. plantarum G83 significantly decreased the paracellular permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated dextran (MW 4000, FITC-D4) after LPS induction. Meanwhile, L. plantarum G83 alleviated the reduction in tight junction (TJ) proteins and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines caused by LPS in Caco-2 cells. L. plantarum G83 also significantly decreased the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the IL-10 increased in both Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells after L. plantarum G83 treatment. The phagocytosis activity of RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased after L. plantarum G83 treatment. Toll-like receptor 4/ nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathways were significantly down-regulated after L. plantarum G83 intervention, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 was consistent with this result. Our findings suggest that L. plantarum G83 improves intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Duan
- Animal Feed Affairs of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Song
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Pu
- Chengdu Wildlife Institute, Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Shively CA, Frye BM, Negrey JD, Johnson CSC, Sutphen CL, Molina AJA, Yadav H, Snyder-Mackler N, Register TC. The interactive effects of psychosocial stress and diet composition on health in primates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105320. [PMID: 37453725 PMCID: PMC10424262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Social disadvantage and diet composition independently impact myriad dimensions of health. They are closely entwined, as social disadvantage often yields poor diet quality, and may interact to fuel differential health outcomes. This paper reviews effects of psychosocial stress and diet composition on health in nonhuman primates and their implications for aging and human health. We examined the effects of social subordination stress and Mediterranean versus Western diet on multiple systems. We report that psychosocial stress and Western diet have independent and additive adverse effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and autonomic nervous system reactivity to psychological stressors, brain structure, and ovarian function. Compared to the Mediterranean diet, the Western diet resulted in accelerated aging, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, gut microbial changes associated with increased disease risk, neuroinflammation, neuroanatomical perturbations, anxiety, and social isolation. This comprehensive, multisystem investigation lays the foundation for future investigations of the mechanistic underpinnings of psychosocial stress and diet effects on health, and advances the promise of the Mediterranean diet as a therapeutic intervention on psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA, USA
| | - Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Courtney L Sutphen
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School for Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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14
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Hamamah S, Amin A, Al-Kassir AL, Chuang J, Covasa M. Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3365. [PMID: 37571301 PMCID: PMC10421457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that the development of obesity may be influenced by taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in response to the consumption of dietary fats. Further, these alterations in gut microbiota have been shown to promote important changes in satiation signals including gut hormones (leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, peptide YY and CCK) and orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides (AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART) that influence hyperphagia and therefore obesity. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence these satiation signals both locally in the gastrointestinal tract and via microbiota-gut-brain communication. Then, we describe the effects of dietary interventions and associated changes in gut microbiota on satiety signals through microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we present microbiota optimizing therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and weight loss surgery that can help restore beneficial gut microbiota by enhancing satiety signals to reduce hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fats induce taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and their impact on satiation signaling pathways will help develop more targeted therapeutic interventions in delaying the onset of obesity and in furthering its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Arman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Abdul Latif Al-Kassir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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15
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Anzà S, Schneider D, Daniel R, Heistermann M, Sangmaneedet S, Ostner J, Schülke O. The long-term gut bacterial signature of a wild primate is associated with a timing effect of pre- and postnatal maternal glucocorticoid levels. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:165. [PMID: 37501202 PMCID: PMC10373267 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During development, elevated levels of maternal glucocorticoids (GCs) can have detrimental effects on offspring morphology, cognition, and behavior as well as physiology and metabolism. Depending on the timing of exposure, such effects may vary in strength or even reverse in direction, may alleviate with age, or may concern more stable and long-term programming of phenotypic traits. Maternal effects on gut bacterial diversity, composition, and function, and the persistence of such effects into adulthood of long-lived model species in the natural habitats remain underexplored. RESULTS In a cross-sectional sample of infant, juvenile, and adult Assamese macaques, the timing of exposure to elevated maternal GCs during ontogeny was associated with the gut bacterial community of the offspring. Specifically, naturally varying maternal GC levels during early but not late gestation or lactation were associated with reduced bacterial richness. The overall effect of maternal GCs during early gestation on the gut bacterial composition and function exacerbated with offspring age and was 10 times stronger than the effect associated with exposure during late prenatal or postnatal periods. Instead, variation in maternal GCs during the late prenatal or postnatal period had less pronounced or less stable statistical effects and therefore a weaker effect on the entire bacterial community composition, particularly in adult individuals. Finally, higher early prenatal GCs were associated with an increase in the relative abundance of several potential pro-inflammatory bacteria and a decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacterium and other anti-inflammatory taxa, an effect that exacerbated with age. CONCLUSIONS In primates, the gut microbiota can be shaped by developmental effects with strong timing effects on plasticity and potentially detrimental consequences for adult health. Together with results on other macaque species, this study suggests potential detrimental developmental effects similar to rapid inflammaging, suggesting that prenatal exposure to high maternal GC concentrations is a common cause underlying both phenomena. Our findings await confirmation by metagenomic functional and causal analyses and by longitudinal studies of long-lived, ecologically flexible primates in their natural habitat, including developmental effects that originate before birth. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anzà
- Behavioral Ecology Department, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany.
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Somboon Sangmaneedet
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Julia Ostner
- Behavioral Ecology Department, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Behavioral Ecology Department, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
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16
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Moy M, Diakiw L, Amato KR. Human-influenced diets affect the gut microbiome of wild baboons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11886. [PMID: 37482555 PMCID: PMC10363530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrialized diets that incorporate processed foods and are often high in simple sugars and fats and low in fiber have myriad health impacts, many of which may operate via impacts on the gut microbiota. Examining how these diets affect the gut microbiota can be challenging given that lab animal models experience altered environmental contexts, and human studies include a suite of co-varying cultural and environmental factors that are likely to shape the gut microbiota alongside diet. To complement these approaches, we compare the microbiomes of wild populations of olive baboons (Papio anubis) with differential access to human trash high in processed foods, simple sugars, and fats in Rwanda's Akagera National Park. Baboons are a good model system since their microbiomes are compositionally similar to those of humans. Additionally, this population inhabits a common environment with different social groups consuming qualitatively different amounts of human trash, limiting variation in non-dietary factors. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing we find that baboons with unlimited access to human trash have reduced microbial alpha diversity and reduced relative abundances of fiber-degrading taxa such as Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. In contrast, baboons with limited access to human trash have a microbiome more similar to that of baboons with no access to human trash. Our results suggest that while a human-influenced diet high in processed foods, simple sugars, and fats is sufficient to alter the microbiome in wild baboons, there is a minimum threshold of dietary alteration that must occur before the microbiome is substantially altered. We recommend that data from wild primate populations such as these be used to complement ongoing research on diet-microbiome-health interactions in humans and lab animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Moy
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laura Diakiw
- Department of Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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17
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Guan Y, Xie C, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Tian Z, Feng J, Shen X, Li H, Chang S, Zhao C, Chai R. Characterization and the cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary fiber from fermented black rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37334479 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Black rice was fermented with Neurospora crassa, after which the dietary fiber (DF) extracted from it was characterized and evaluated for its cholesterol-lowering effect in mice. The findings demonstrated that fermentation increased the level of soluble DF from 17.27% ± 0.12 to 29.69% ± 0.26 and increased the adsorption capacity of DF for water, oil, cholesterol, glucose and sodium cholate. The fermented DF had a more loose and porous structure than that extracted from unfermented rice. Additionally, feeding with DF from the fermented black rice significantly reduced body weight, lowered total cholesterol levels and improved the lipid profile in mice gavaged with a high dose (5 g per kg bw) or a low dose (2.5 g per kg·bw). ELISA showed that the hepatic expression of typical proteins and enzymes that are involved in cholesterol metabolism was regulated by the fermented rice DF, leading to reduced cholesterol production and increased cholesterol clearance. The fermented DF also modified the gut microbiota composition (e.g. Firmicutes reduced and Akkermansia increased), which promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, fermentation can modify the structure and function of DF in black rice and the fermented dietary fiber has excellent cholesterol lowering effects possibly by cholesterol adsorption, cholesterol metabolism modulation, and intestinal microflora regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guan
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Chanyuan Xie
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Zhenyang Tian
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Jianing Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Haiqin Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Shimin Chang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Ran Chai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China.
- Handan Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056000, China
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18
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Amaral WZ, Lubach GR, Rendina DN, Phillips GJ, Lyte M, Coe CL. Significant Microbial Changes Are Evident in the Reproductive Tract of Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys at Mid-Gestation but Their Gut Microbiome Does Not Shift until Late Gestation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1481. [PMID: 37374982 PMCID: PMC10304935 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal and rectal specimens were obtained from cycling, pregnant, and nursing rhesus monkeys to assess pregnancy-related changes in the commensal bacteria in their reproductive and intestinal tracts. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, significant differences were found only in the vagina at mid-gestation, not in the hindgut. To verify the apparent stability in gut bacterial composition at mid-gestation, the experiment was repeated with additional monkeys, and similar results were found with both 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. A follow-up study investigated if bacterial changes in the hindgut might occur later in pregnancy. Gravid females were assessed closer to term and compared to nonpregnant females. By late pregnancy, significant differences in bacterial composition, including an increased abundance of 4 species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, were detected, but without a shift in the overall community structure. Progesterone levels were assessed as a possible hormone mediator of bacterial change. The relative abundance of only some taxa (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae) were specifically associated with progesterone. In summary, pregnancy changes the microbial profiles in monkeys, but the bacterial diversity in their lower reproductive tract is different from women, and the composition of their intestinal symbionts remains stable until late gestation when several Firmicutes become more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele R. Lubach
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (G.R.L.); (D.N.R.)
| | - Danielle N. Rendina
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (G.R.L.); (D.N.R.)
- Health and Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.J.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Mark Lyte
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.J.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (G.R.L.); (D.N.R.)
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19
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Zhang X, Xu W, Zhong W, Zhang W, Yang C, Duan L, Niu H, Dong Y, Liu T, Xia S, Wang B. Exploring the links between gut microbiome changes and irritable bowel syndrome in Han populations in the Tibetan Plateau. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:823-838. [PMID: 37701958 PMCID: PMC10202748 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome shows changes under a plateau environment, while the disbalance of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, the relationship between the two remains unexplored. In this work, we followed up a healthy cohort for up to a year before and after living in a plateau environment and performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing analysis of their fecal samples. Through evaluating the participants' clinical symptoms, combined with an IBS questionnaire, we screened the IBS sub-population in our cohort. The sequencing results showed that a high-altitude environment could lead to changes in the diversity and composition of gut flora. In addition, we found that the longer the time volunteers spent in the plateau environment, the more similar their gut microbiota composition and abundance became compared to those before entering the plateau, and IBS symptoms were significantly alleviated. Therefore, we speculated that the plateau may be a special environment that induces IBS. The taxonomic units g_Alistipes, g_Oscillospira, and s_Ruminococcus_torques, which had been proved to play important roles in IBS pathogenesis, were also abundant in the IBS cohort at high altitudes. Overall, the disbalance of gut microbiota induced by the plateau environment contributed to the high frequency of IBS and the psychosocial abnormalities associated with IBS. Our results prompt further research to elucidate the relevant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Lisa Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Haiyan Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China. ,
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Teng T, Clarke G, Wu J, Wu Q, Maes M, Wang J, Wu H, Yin B, Jiang Y, Li X, Liu X, Han Y, Song J, Jin X, Ji P, Guo Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Disturbances of purine and lipid metabolism in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in male adolescent nonhuman primates with depressive-like behaviors. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00116-9. [PMID: 37068733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is a widespread and growing global public health concern with unique characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms that are distinct from MDD in adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our work was to address this knowledge gap about the unique characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of adolescent depression from a microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis perspective. METHOD Ten healthy male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were paired into five pairs based on age and body weight, and two cynomolgus macaques from each pair were randomly allocated to chronic unpredictable mild stress group, or unstressed control group. At endpoint, microbe composition from cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon were analyzed by metagenome sequencing, and the metabolite profiles of MGB axis including central (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala) and peripheral (plasma, gut and feces of cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon) samples were analyzed by metabolomic profiling. Then, we compare the gut microbiome and metabolic signatures in MGB axis between adolescent and adult depressed macaques. RESULTS The microbial composition and gut-brain metabolic signatures were widely divergent between adolescent and adult depressed macaques, though the phylum Firmicutes and lipid metabolism pathways were persistently altered in both populations. Purine and arginine biosynthesis metabolism were a specific hallmark of adolescent depressed macaques, while fatty acyl metabolism was specially altered in adult. These differential metabolic pathways in adolescent and adult depressed macaques were mainly mapped into the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, respectively. Notably, the genus Clostridium and Haemophilus, characteristically disturbed in adolescent depressed macaques but not in adult, were also significantly associated with the majority of purine metabolites in MGB axis. CONCLUSION These findings provide a new framework describing divergent pathophysiological mechanisms between adolescent and adult depression, and may open new windows for more effective treatment strategies of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangmin Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Carelli LL, D'Aquila P, Rango FD, Incorvaia A, Sena G, Passarino G, Bellizzi D. Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Low-Calorie and Two-Phase Diets in Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081841. [PMID: 37111060 PMCID: PMC10140827 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different nutritional regimens have been reported to exert beneficial effects on obesity through the regulation of the composition and function of gut microbiota. In this context, we conducted in obese subjects two dietary interventions consisting of a low-calorie and two-phase (ketogenic plus low-calorie) diet for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and following the two diets, and gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A significant reduction was observed for abdominal circumference and insulin levels in the subjects following the two-phase diet. Significant differences in gut microbial composition were observed after treatment compared to the baseline. Both diets induced taxonomic shifts including a decrease in Proteobacteria, which are recognized as dysbiosis markers and enrichment of Verrucomicrobiaceae, which has recently emerged as an effective probiotic. An increase in Bacteroidetes, constituting the so-called good bacteria, was observable only in the two-phase diet. These findings provide evidence that a targeted nutritional regimen and an appropriate use of probiotics can modulate gut microbiota to reach a favorable composition and achieve the balance often compromised by different pathologies and conditions, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Giada Sena
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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22
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Karim MR, Iqbal S, Mohammad S, Lee JH, Jung D, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC, Yang DU, Kang SC. A review on Impact of dietary interventions, drugs, and traditional herbal supplements on the gut microbiome. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127346. [PMID: 36921399 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is the community of healthy, and infectious organisms in the gut and its interaction in the host gut intestine (GI) environment. The balance of microbial richness with beneficial microbes is very important to perform healthy body functions like digesting food, controlling metabolism, and precise immune function. Alternately, this microbial dysbiosis occurs due to changes in the physiochemical condition, substrate avidity, and drugs. Moreover, various categories of diet such as "plant-based", "animal-based", "western", "mediterranean", and various drugs (antibiotic and common drugs) also contribute to maintaining microbial flora inside the gut. The imbalance (dysbiosis) in the microbiota of the GI tract can cause several disorders (such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, inflammation, and so on). Recently, the major interest is to use prebiotic, probiotic, postbiotic, and herbal supplements to balance such microbial community in the GI tract. But, there has still a large gap in understanding the microbiome function, and its relation to the host diet, drugs, and herbal supplements to maintain the healthy life of the host. So, the present review is about the updates on the microbiome concerns related to diet, drug, and herbal supplements, and also gives research evidence to improve our daily habits regarding diet, drugs, and herbal supplements. Because our regular dietary plan and traditional herbal supplements can improve our health by balancing the bacteria in our gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated by Rajshahi University, Natore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyeok Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Daehyo Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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23
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Li J, Huang H, Fan R, Hua Y, Ma W. Lipidomic analysis of brain and hippocampus from mice fed with high-fat diet and treated with fecal microbiota transplantation. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:12. [PMID: 36793054 PMCID: PMC9930259 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fat intake affects brain composition and function. Different types of dietary fatty acids alter species and abundance of brain lipids in mice. The aim of this study is to explore whether the changes are effective through gut microbiota. METHODS In our study, 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and fed with high-fat diet (HFD) with different fatty acid compositions, control (CON) group, long-chain saturated fatty acid (LCSFA) group, medium-chain saturated fatty acid (MCSFA) group, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) group, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) group, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) group and trans fatty acid (TFA) group. Then, the fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) was performed in other pseudo germ-free mice after antibiotic treatment. The experimental groups were orally perfused with gut microbiota that induced by HFD with different types of dietary fatty acids. The mice were fed with regular fodder before and after FMT. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analysis the composition of fatty acids in the brain of HFD-fed mice and hippocampus of mice treated with FMT which was collected from HFD-fed mice. RESULTS The content of acyl-carnitines (AcCa) increased and lysophosphatidylgylcerol (LPG) decreased in all kinds of HFD groups. phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM) contents were significantly increased in the n-6 PUFA-fed HFD group. The HFD elevated the saturation of brain fatty acyl (FA). Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysodi-methylphosphatidylethanolamine (LdMePE), monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), dihexosylceramides (Hex2Cer), and wax ester (WE) significantly increased after LCSFA-fed FMT. MLCL reduced and cardiolipin (CL) raised significantly after n-3 PUFA-fed FMT. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed, HFD and FMT in mice had certain effects on the content and composition of fatty acids in the brain, especially on glycerol phospholipid (GP). The change of AcCa content in FA was a good indicator of dietary fatty acid intake. By altering the fecal microbiota, dietary fatty acids might affect brain lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Huang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Fan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Hua
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kadyan S, Park G, Singh P, Arjmandi B, Nagpal R. Prebiotic mechanisms of resistant starches from dietary beans and pulses on gut microbiome and metabolic health in a humanized murine model of aging. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1106463. [PMID: 36824174 PMCID: PMC9941547 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary pulses, being a rich source of fiber and proteins, offer an ideal and inexpensive food choice for older adults to promote gut and metabolic health. However, the prebiotic effects of dietary pulses-derived resistant starches (RS), compared to RS from cereals and tubers, remain relatively underexplored, particularly in context to their gut modulatory potential in old age. We herein investigate the prebiotic effects of pulses-derived RS on the gut microbiome and intestinal health in aged (60-week old) mice colonized with human microbiota. C57B6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with either a western-style high-fat diet (control; CTL) or CTL diet supplemented (5% w/w) with RS from pinto beans (PTB), black-eyed-peas (BEP), lentils (LEN), chickpeas (CKP), or inulin (INU; reference control). We find that the RS supplementation modulates gut microbiome in a sex-dependent manner. For instance, CKP enriched α-diversity only in females, while β-diversity deviated for both sexes. Further, different RS groups exhibited distinct microbiome differences at bacterial phyla and genera levels. Notably, LEN fostered Firmicutes and depleted Proteobacteria abundance, whereas Bacteroidota was promoted by CKP and INU. Genus Dubosiella increased dominantly in males for all groups except PTB, whilst Faecalibaculum decreased in females by CKP and INU groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and correlational analyzes reveal RS-mediated upregulation of key bacterial genera associated with short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) production and suppression of specific pathobionts. Subsequent machine-learning analysis validate decreased abundance of notorious genera, namely, Enterococcus, Odoribacter, Desulfovibrio, Alistipes and Erysipelatoclostridium among RS groups. CKP and LEN groups partly protected males against post-prandial glycemia. Importantly, RS ameliorated high-fat diet-induced gut hyperpermeability and enhanced expression of tight-junction proteins (claudin-1 and claudin-4), which were more pronounced for LEN. In addition, IL10 upregulation was more prominent for LEN, while TNF-α was downregulated by LEN, CKP, and INU. Together, these findings demonstrate that RS supplementation beneficially modulates the gut microbiome with a reduction in gut leakiness and inflammation, indicating their prebiotic potential for functional food and nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Rinninella E, Tohumcu E, Raoul P, Fiorani M, Cintoni M, Mele MC, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Ianiro G. The role of diet in shaping human gut microbiota. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 62-63:101828. [PMID: 37094913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a fundamental role within human health, and exerts key functions within the human body. Diet is one of the most powerful modulators of gut microbiota functions and composition. This complex interplay involves also the immune system and the intestinal barrier, highlighting the central role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple diseases. In this review article we will paint the landscape of the effects of specific dietary nutrients, and of the detrimental or beneficial outcomes of different dietary patterns, on the composition of human gut microbiota. Moreover, we will discuss the potential application of diet as a therapeutic modulator of gut microbiota, including cutting-edge ways of exploitation, including the use of dietary components as adjuvants to promote microbial engraftment after fecal microbiota transplantation, or personalized nutritional approaches, targeted to the patient microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pauline Raoul
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Microbial rewilding in the gut microbiomes of captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22388. [PMID: 36575246 PMCID: PMC9794702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial rewilding, whereby exposure to naturalistic environments can modulate or augment gut microbiomes and improve host-microbe symbiosis, is being harnessed as an innovative approach to human health, one that may also have significant value to animal care and conservation. To test for microbial rewilding in animal microbiomes, we used a unique population of wild-born ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) that were initially held as illegal pets in unnatural settings and, subsequently, relocated to a rescue center in Madagascar where they live in naturalistic environments. Using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of lemur and environmental microbiomes, we found multiple lines of evidence for microbial rewilding in lemurs that were transitioned from unnatural to naturalistic environments: A lemur's duration of exposure to naturalistic settings significantly correlated with (a) increased compositional similarly to the gut communities of wild lemurs, (b) decreased proportions of antibiotic resistance genes that were likely acquired via human contact during pethood, and (c) greater covariation with soil microbiomes from natural habitats. Beyond the inherent psychosocial value of naturalistic environments, we find that actions, such as providing appropriate diets, minimizing contact with humans, and increasing exposure to natural environmental consortia, may assist in maximizing host-microbe symbiosis in animals under human care.
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Brunt VE, Greenberg NT, Sapinsley ZJ, Casso AG, Richey JJ, VanDongen NS, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Ziemba BP, Neilson AP, Davy KP, Seals DR. Suppression of trimethylamine N-oxide with DMB mitigates vascular dysfunction, exercise intolerance, and frailty associated with a Western-style diet in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:798-813. [PMID: 35952350 PMCID: PMC9512113 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00350.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a Western-style diet (WD; high fat, high sugar, low fiber) is associated with impaired vascular function and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which could be mediated partly by increased circulating concentrations of the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). We investigated if suppression of TMAO with 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB; inhibitor of microbial TMA lyase) in mice could prevent: 1) WD-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffening and 2) WD-induced reductions in endurance exercise tolerance and increases in frailty, as both are linked to WD, vascular dysfunction, and increased CVD risk. C57BL/6N mice were fed standard chow or WD (41% fat, ∼25% sugar, 4% fiber) for 5 mo beginning at ∼2 mo of age. Within each diet, mice randomly received (n = 11-13/group) normal drinking water (control) or 1% DMB in drinking water for the last 8 wk (from 5 to 7 mo of age). Plasma TMAO was increased in WD-fed mice but suppressed by DMB. WD induced endothelial dysfunction, assessed as carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation to acetylcholine, and progressive increases in aortic stiffness (measured serially in vivo as pulse wave velocity), both of which were fully prevented by supplementation with DMB. Endurance exercise tolerance, assessed as time to fatigue on a rotarod test, was impaired in WD-fed mice but partially recovered by DMB. Lastly, WD-induced increases in frailty (31-point index) were prevented by DMB. Our findings indicate DMB or other TMAO-lowering therapies may be promising for mitigating the adverse effects of WD on physiological function, and thereby reducing risk of chronic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide novel evidence that increased circulating concentrations of the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) contribute to vascular dysfunction associated with consumption of a Western-style diet and that this dysfunction can be prevented by suppressing TMAO with DMB, thereby supporting translation of this compound to humans. Furthermore, to our knowledge, we present the first evidence of the role of TMAO in mediating impairments in endurance exercise tolerance and increased frailty in any context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Zachary J Sapinsley
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Abigail G Casso
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - James J Richey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | | | - Brian P Ziemba
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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28
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Kitrinos C, Bell RB, Bradley BJ, Kamilar JM. Hair Microbiome Diversity within and across Primate Species. mSystems 2022; 7:e0047822. [PMID: 35876529 PMCID: PMC9426569 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00478-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate hair and skin are substrates upon which social interactions occur and are host-pathogen interfaces. While human hair and skin microbiomes display body site specificity and immunological significance, little is known about the nonhuman primate (NHP) hair microbiome. Here, we collected hair samples (n = 158) from 8 body sites across 12 NHP species housed at three zoological institutions in the United States to examine the following: (1) the diversity and composition of the primate hair microbiome and (2) the factors predicting primate hair microbiome diversity and composition. If both environmental and evolutionary factors shape the microbiome, then we expect significant differences in microbiome diversity across host body sites, sexes, institutions, and species. We found our samples contained high abundances of gut-, respiratory-, and environment-associated microbiota. In addition, multiple factors predicted microbiome diversity and composition, although host species identity outweighed sex, body site, and institution as the strongest predictor. Our results suggest that hair microbial communities are affected by both evolutionary and environmental factors and are relatively similar across nonhuman primate body sites, which differs from the human condition. These findings have important implications for understanding the biology and conservation of wild and captive primates and the uniqueness of the human microbiome. IMPORTANCE We created the most comprehensive primate hair and skin data set to date, including data from 12 nonhuman primate species sampled from 8 body regions each. We find that the nonhuman primate hair microbiome is distinct from the human hair and skin microbiomes in that it is relatively uniform-as opposed to distinct-across body regions and is most abundant in gut-, environment-, and respiratory-associated microbiota rather than human skin-associated microbiota. Furthermore, we found that the nonhuman primate hair microbiome varies with host species identity, host sex, host environment, and host body site, with host species identity being the strongest predictor. This result demonstrates that nonhuman primate hair microbiome diversity varies with both evolutionary and environmental factors and within and across primate species. These findings have important implications for understanding the biology and conservation of wild and captive primates and the uniqueness of the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kitrinos
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel B. Bell
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolution Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenda J. Bradley
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jason M. Kamilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolution Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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The Biotics Family: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives in Metabolic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081263. [PMID: 36013442 PMCID: PMC9410396 DOI: 10.3390/life12081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pose a major public health threat. Many studies have confirmed the causal relationship between risk factors and the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. Despite this, traditional therapeutic management methods such as physical education and diet have proven insufficient. Recently, researchers have focused on other potential pathways for explaining the pathophysiological variability of metabolic diseases, such as the involvement of the intestinal microbiota. An understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and metabolic diseases is a first step towards developing future therapeutic strategies. Currently, much attention is given to the use of biotics family members such as prebiotics (lactolose, soy oligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides or inulin) and probiotics (genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus or Enterococcus). They can be used both separately and together as synbiotics. Due to their direct influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, they have shown favorable results in the evolution of metabolic diseases. The expansion of the research area in the biotics family has led to the discovery of new members, like postbiotics. In the age of personalized medicine, their use as therapeutic options is of great interest to our study.
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30
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Pandrea I, Brooks K, Desai RP, Tare M, Brenchley JM, Apetrei C. I've looked at gut from both sides now: Gastrointestinal tract involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV/SIV infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899559. [PMID: 36032119 PMCID: PMC9411647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains an incredibly diverse and extensive collection of microorganisms that can directly stimulate the immune system. There are significant data to demonstrate that the spatial localization of the microbiome can impact viral disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss recent studies that have investigated causes and consequences of GI tract pathologies in HIV, SIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections with HIV and SIV initiating GI pathology from the basal side and SARS-CoV-2 from the luminal side. Both these infections result in alterations of the intestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation, persistent inflammation, and T-cell immune activation. GI tract damage is one of the major contributors to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and to the incomplete immune restoration in HIV-infected subjects, even in those with robust viral control with antiretroviral therapy. While the causes of GI tract pathologies differ between these virus families, therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-induced inflammation and improve the integrity of the GI tract may improve the prognoses of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rahul P. Desai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Minali Tare
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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31
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Johnson CSC, Frye BM, Register TC, Snyder-Mackler N, Shively CA. Mediterranean Diet Reduces Social Isolation and Anxiety in Adult Female Nonhuman Primates. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142852. [PMID: 35889809 PMCID: PMC9322105 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary composition is associated with the differential prevalence of psychiatric disorders; the Western diet confers increased risk, while the Mediterranean diet appears to reduce risk. In nonhuman primates, anxiety-like behaviors and social isolation have been linked to both Western diet consumption and increased inflammatory disease risk, and recent evidence suggests that diet composition may affect immune system function in part through its effects on behavior. This is particularly important in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic in which social isolation has been associated with disease. Here, we examined the effects of Western- and Mediterranean-like diets on social behavior in a randomized, 34-month preclinical trial in middle-aged female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Diet induced rapid and persistent changes in a suite of behaviors. After just three months of experimental diet consumption, a composite measure of diet-altered behavior (DAB) significantly differed between the two diets (p = 0.014) and remained different throughout the 24-month experimental observation period (p = 2.2 × 10−8). Monkeys fed the Western diet spent more time alone (FDR = 4.4 × 10−5) and displayed more anxiety behavior (FDR = 0.048), whereas monkeys fed the Mediterranean diet spent more time resting (FDR = 0.0013), attentive (FDR = 0.017), and in body contact with groupmates (FDR = 4.1 × 10−8). These differences were largely due to changes in behavior of animals fed the Mediterranean diet, while Western-diet-fed-animals exhibited similar behaviors compared to the eight-month baseline period, during which all monkeys consumed a common laboratory diet. These observations provide experimental support in a nonhuman primate model, demonstrating a potential therapeutic benefit of the Mediterranean diet consumption to reduce social isolation and anxiety and thus mitigate social isolation-associated disorders that often accompany illness and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin S. C. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; (C.S.C.J.); (N.S.-M.)
| | - Brett M. Frye
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.M.F.); (T.C.R.)
- Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA 24327, USA
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.M.F.); (T.C.R.)
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; (C.S.C.J.); (N.S.-M.)
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School for Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.M.F.); (T.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(336)-716-1524
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32
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Changes in the Mucosa-Associated Microbiome and Transcriptome across Gut Segments Are Associated with Obesity in a Metabolic Syndrome Porcine Model. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0071722. [PMID: 35862956 PMCID: PMC9430857 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00717-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, which is the most common cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries. The link between obesity and gut mucosa-associated microbiota is unclear due to challenges associated with the collection of intestinal samples from humans.
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33
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Yan Y, Wang J, Qiu S, Duan Y, Si W. The Lumenal Microbiota Varies Biogeographically in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Rhesus Macaques. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0034322. [PMID: 35499338 PMCID: PMC9241614 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00343-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategy of adjusting the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota has shown great promise for the treatment of diseases. Currently, the relationship between gut microbes and human diseases is mainly presented by the fecal microbiota from the colon. Due to the limits of sampling, the healthy baseline of biogeographic microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract remains blurry. Captive nonhuman primates (NHPs) present a "humanized" intestinal microbiome and may make up for the lack of atlas data for better understanding of the gut microbial composition and diseases. Therefore, the intestinal microbiota of 6 GIT regions of healthy rhesus monkeys were analyzed in this study; our results showed that Proteobacteria gradually decreased from the small intestine to the large intestine but Bacteroidetes gradually increased from the small intestine to the large intestine. Streptococcus and Lactobacillus can be used as markers to distinguish the small intestine from the large intestine. Sarcina is the most enriched in the middle site of the connection between the large intestine and the small intestine. Cyanobacteria are enriched in the small intestine, especially the duodenum and jejunum, and are absent in the large intestine. The lumenal microbiota of the small intestine is more susceptible to individual differences than is that of the large intestine. Metabolism and oxygen affect the distribution of the microbes, and the diversity of microbiota is the highest in the colon. Our results provide accurate comprehensive GIT microbiota data on nonhuman primates and will be beneficial for the better understanding of the composition of microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract. IMPORTANCE For the study of upper gastrointestinal microbiota in humans, endoscopic sampling is the main source of information, which limits the understanding of healthy upper gastrointestinal microbiota. Rhesus monkeys show very close similarity to humans in physiology, genetics, and behavior and act as the most suitable animal models for human diseases. The present research made up for the lack of atlas data due to the ethical limitations of sampling in humans and provided baseline data on microbiota in 6 GIT regions of healthy NHPs. These important references will be beneficial for the better understanding of the regional organization and functions of gut microbial communities along the GIT and their relevance to conditions of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Digital Medical Research Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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34
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Mason B, Petrzelkova KJ, Kreisinger J, Bohm T, Cervena B, Fairet E, Fuh T, Gomez A, Knauf S, Maloueki U, Modry D, Shirley MH, Tagg N, Wangue N, Pafco B. Gastrointestinal symbiont diversity in wild gorilla: a comparison of bacterial and strongylid communities across multiple localities. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4127-4145. [PMID: 35661299 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are Critically Endangered and show continued population decline. Consequently, pressure mounts to better understand their conservation threats and ecology. Gastrointestinal symbionts, such as bacterial and eukaryotic communities, are believed to play vital roles in the physiological landscape of the host. Gorillas host a broad spectrum of eucaryotes, so called parasites, with strongylid nematodes being particularly prevalent. While these communities are partially consistent, they are also shaped by various ecological factors, such as diet or habitat type. To investigate gastrointestinal symbionts of wild western lowland gorillas, we analysed 215 faecal samples from individuals in five distinct localities across the Congo Basin, using high-throughput sequencing techniques. We describe the gut bacterial microbiome and genetic diversity of strongylid communities, including strain-level identification of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). We identified strongylid ASVs from eight genera and bacterial ASVs from twenty phyla. We compared these communities across localities, with reference to varying environmental factors among populations, finding differences in alpha diversity and community compositions of both gastrointestinal components. Moreover, we also investigated covariation between strongylid nematodes and the bacterial microbiome, finding correlations between strongylid taxa and Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae ASVs that were consistent across multiple localities. Our research highlights complexity of the bacterial microbiome and strongylid communities in several gorilla populations and emphasizes potential interactions between these two symbiont communities. This study provides a framework for ongoing research into strongylid nematode diversity, and their interactions with the bacterial microbiome, amongst great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Mason
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences
| | - Klara J Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences.,Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Torsten Bohm
- African Parks, Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of, Congo
| | | | - Emilie Fairet
- SFM Safari Gabon, Loango National Park, Gabon.,Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Institute of International Animal Health / One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrich Maloueki
- African Parks, Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of, Congo
| | - David Modry
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources/CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
| | - Matthew H Shirley
- SFM Safari Gabon, Loango National Park, Gabon.,Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Project Grands Singes, , Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp
| | | | - Barbora Pafco
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences
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35
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Wood EK, Sullivan EL. The Influence of Diet on Metabolism and Health Across the Lifespan in Nonhuman Primates. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 24. [PMID: 35425871 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The macro and micronutrient composition and the overall quantity of the diet are important predictors of physical and psychological health and, as a consequence, behavior. Translational preclinical models are critical to identifying the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Nonhuman primate models are particularly instrumental to this line of research as they exhibit considerable genetic, social, and physiological similarities, as well as similarities in their developmental trajectories to humans. This review aims to discuss recent contributions to the field of diet and metabolism and health using nonhuman primate models. The influence of diet composition on health and physiology across the lifespan will be the primary focus, including recent work examining the impact of maternal diet programming of offspring physiologic and behavioral developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Wood
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185 Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006
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36
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Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102096. [PMID: 35631237 PMCID: PMC9147914 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tuning the gut microbiota to confer health benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting gut microbes to modulate the composition and metabolic function of microbial communities are of increasing interest. One such dietary strategy is the use of prebiotics, which are defined as substrates that are selectively utilised by host microorganisms to confer a health benefit. A better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of prebiotics is essential to improve these nutritional strategies. In this review, we will present the concept of prebiotics, and focus on the main sources and nature of these components, which are mainly non-digestible polysaccharides. We will review the breakdown mechanisms of complex carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota and present short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as key molecules mediating the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Finally, we will review human studies exploring the potential of prebiotics in metabolic diseases, revealing the personalised responses to prebiotic ingestion. In conclusion, we hope that this review will be of interest to identify mechanistic factors for the optimization of prebiotic-based strategies.
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37
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Que T, Pang X, Huang H, Chen P, Wei Y, Hua Y, Liao H, Wu J, Li S, Wu A, He M, Ruan X, Hu Y. Comparative Gut Microbiome in Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Other Primates in Guangxi, China, Based on Metagenome Sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:872841. [PMID: 35601103 PMCID: PMC9114771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.872841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trachypithecus leucocephalus (white-headed langur) is a highly endangered, karst-endemic primate species, inhabiting the karst limestone forest in Guangxi, Southwest China. How white-headed langurs adapted to karst limestone and special dietary remains unclear. It is the first time to study the correlation between the gut microbiome of primates and special dietary, and environment in Guangxi. In the study, 150 fecal samples are collected from nine primates in Guangxi, China. Metagenomic sequencing is used to analyze and compare the gut microbiome composition and diversity between white-headed langurs and other primates. Our results indicate that white-headed langurs has a higher diversity of microbiome than other primates, and the key microbiome are phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia, family Lachnospiraceae, and genera Clostridiates and Ruminococcus, which are related to the digestion and degradation of cellulose. Ten genera are significantly more abundant in white-headed langurs and François’ langur than in other primates, most of which are high-temperature microbiome. Functional analysis reveals that energy synthesis-related pathways and sugar metabolism-related pathways are less abundant in white-headed langurs and François’ langur than in other primates. This phenomenon could be an adaptation mechanism of leaf-eating primates to low-energy diet. The gut microbiome of white-headed langurs is related to diet and karst limestone environment. This study could serve as a reference to design conservation breeding, manage conservation units, and determine conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengcheng Que
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xianwu Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Yinfeng Wei
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiming Hua
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongjun Liao
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Jianbao Wu
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Shousheng Li
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Aiqiong Wu
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Meihong He
- Terrestrial Wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangdong Ruan
- Acdemy of Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Hu,
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38
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Roles of Microbiota in Cancer: From Tumor Development to Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3845104. [PMID: 35342407 PMCID: PMC8941494 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3845104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer as a second leading cause of death arises from multifactorial pathology. The association of microbiota and their products with various pathologic conditions including cancer is receiving significant attention over the past few years. Mounting evidence showed that human microbiota is an emerging target in tumor onset, progression, prevention, and even diagnosis. Accordingly, modulating this composition might influence the response to tumor therapy and therapeutic resistance as well. Through this review, one could conceive of complex interaction between the microbiome and cancer in either positive or negative manner by which may hold potential for finding novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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39
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Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Hua D, Liu J, Yao J, Yang L, Xiong B. Consumption of Supplementary Inulin Modulates Milk Microbiota and Metabolites in Dairy Cows with Subclinical Mastitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0205921. [PMID: 34936838 PMCID: PMC8942464 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02059-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk microbiota and mediated metabolites directly affect the health of the udder in dairy cows. Inulin, a dietary prebiotic, can modulate the profile of gastrointestinal microbiota. However, whether the inulin intake affects the milk microbial population and metabolites remains unknown. In this study, 40 subclinical mastitis (SCM) cows were randomly divided into 5 groups. Five inulin addition doses, 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow, based on the same basal diet, were supplemented. The experiments lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed lower relative abundance of mastitis-causing and proinflammation microbes in milk (i.e., Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, etc.) and higher abundances of probiotics and commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc., in the cows fed 300 g/day inulin compared to that in the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of arachidonic acid proinflammatory mediators (leukotriene E3, 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4, and 12-Oxo-c-LTB3) and phospholipid metabolites were reduced, and the levels of compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential (prostaglandin A1, 8-iso-15-keto-prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], etc.) and participating energy metabolism (citric acid, l-carnitine, etc.) were elevated. These data suggested that inulin intake might modulate the microflora and metabolite level in extraintestinal tissue, such as mammary gland, which provided an alternative for the regulation and mitigation of SCM. IMPORTANCE The profile of the microbial community and metabolic activity in milk are the main determinants of udder health status and milk quality. Recent studies have demonstrated that diet could directly modulate the mammary gland microbiome. Inulin is a probiotic dietary fiber which can improve the microbiota population in the gastrointestinal tract. However, whether inulin intake can further regulate the profile of the microbiota and metabolic activities in milk remains unclear. In subclinical mastitic cows, we found that inulin supplementation could reduce the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and the levels of (±)12, 13-DiHOME, leukotriene E3 and 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 etc., while it elevated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Muribaculaceae, as well as the levels of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), 8-iso-15-keto-PGE2, benzoic acid, etc. in milk. These data suggest that inulin intake affects the profile of microorganisms and metabolites in milk, which provides an alternative for the regulation of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rejeski JJ, Wilson FM, Nagpal R, Yadav H, Weinberg RB. The Impact of a Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Human Subjects: A Pilot Study. Digestion 2022; 103:133-140. [PMID: 34749376 PMCID: PMC8916822 DOI: 10.1159/000519445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the reported salutary benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MD) on a wide variety of health conditions, the specific microbial changes associated with an MD within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are not well studied. Specifically, although population and survey-based studies have shown microbial changes, there are no published data on how an MD alters the gut flora in a controlled setting. METHODS We recruited 10 healthy subjects, each of whom gave a stool sample at baseline and then was provided with prepared meals of a "typical" American diet; after 2 weeks, a second stool sample was collected. All subjects were then provided with prepared meals based on the MD for another 2 weeks, followed by a final stool sample collection. Stool samples were batch analyzed with DNA extraction, and sequencing libraries were generated. Measures of bacterial diversity, species richness, and enterotypes were performed. RESULTS All ten subjects tolerated the diets well. Bacterial diversity increased with an MD, as measured by alpha diversity via the Simpson index. Furthermore, there were significant differences in 5 bacterial genera between the 2 diets. CONCLUSION This small pilot study of controlled diets demonstrates that the MD can rapidly alter the gut microbiome in healthy subjects at the level of global microbial diversity and individual genera. These data confirm the findings of previous observational studies and establish the feasibility of conducting longer term studies on the impact of the MD on the flora of the GI tract and its relationship to digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J. Rejeski
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,*Jared J. Rejeski,
| | - Farra M. Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard B. Weinberg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Liu J, Zhai C, Rho JR, Lee S, Heo HJ, Kim S, Kim HJ, Hong ST. Treatment of Hyperammonemia by Transplanting a Symbiotic Pair of Intestinal Microbes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:696044. [PMID: 35071025 PMCID: PMC8766988 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a deleterious and inevitable consequence of liver failure. However, no adequate therapeutic agent is available for hyperammonemia. Although recent studies showed that the pharmabiotic approach could be a therapeutic option for hyperammonemia, its development is clogged with poor identification of etiological microbes and low transplantation efficiency of candidate microbes. In this study, we developed a pharmabiotic treatment for hyperammonemia that employs a symbiotic pair of intestinal microbes that are both able to remove ammonia from the surrounding environment. By a radioactive tracing experiment in mice, we elucidated how the removal of ammonia by probiotics in the intestinal lumen leads to lower blood ammonia levels. After determination of the therapeutic mechanism, ammonia-removing probiotic strains were identified by high-throughput screening of gut microbes. The symbiotic partners of ammonia-removing probiotic strains were identified by screening intestinal microbes of a human gut, and the pairs were administrated to hyperammonemic mice to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Blood ammonia was in a chemical equilibrium relationship with intestinal ammonia. Lactobacillus reuteri JBD400 removed intestinal ammonia to shift the chemical equilibrium to lower the blood ammonia level. L. reuteri JBD400 was successfully transplanted with a symbiotic partner, Streptococcus rubneri JBD420, improving transplantation efficiency 2.3×103 times more compared to the sole transplantation while lowering blood ammonia levels significantly. This work provides new pharmabiotics for the treatment of hyperammonemia as well as explains its therapeutic mechanism. Also, this approach provides a concept of symbiotic pairs approach in the emerging field of pharmabiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Chongkai Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, South Korea
| | - Sangbum Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science [Brain Korea (BK) 21 Plus], Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- JINIS BDRD Institute, JINIS Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Wanju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- JINIS BDRD Institute, JINIS Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Wanju, South Korea.,SNJ Pharma Inc., BioLabs Los Angeles (LA) in the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Engelenburg HJ, Lucassen PJ, Sarafian JT, Parker W, Laman JD. Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:277-294. [PMID: 35747061 PMCID: PMC9211007 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disorder, has recently been linked to neuro-inflammatory influences from the gut. In this review, we address the idea that evolutionary mismatches could affect the pathogenesis of MS via the gut microbiota. The evolution of symbiosis as well as the recent introduction of evolutionary mismatches is considered, and evidence regarding the impact of diet on the MS-associated microbiota is evaluated. Distinctive microbial community compositions associated with the gut microbiota of MS patients are difficult to identify, and substantial study-to-study variation and even larger variations between individual profiles of MS patients are observed. Furthermore, although some dietary changes impact the progression of MS, MS-associated features of microbiota were found to be not necessarily associated with diet per se. In addition, immune function in MS patients potentially drives changes in microbial composition directly, in at least some individuals. Finally, assessment of evolutionary histories of animals with their gut symbionts suggests that the impact of evolutionary mismatch on the microbiota is less concerning than mismatches affecting helminths and protists. These observations suggest that the benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet for patients with MS may not be mediated by the microbiota per se. Furthermore, any alteration of the microbiota found in association with MS may be an effect rather than a cause. This conclusion is consistent with other studies indicating that a loss of complex eukaryotic symbionts, including helminths and protists, is a pivotal evolutionary mismatch that potentiates the increased prevalence of autoimmunity within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J Engelenburg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sugino KY, Mandala A, Janssen RC, Gurung S, Trammell M, Day MW, Brush RS, Papin JF, Dyer DW, Agbaga MP, Friedman JE, Castillo-Castrejon M, Jonscher KR, Myers DA. Western diet-induced shifts in the maternal microbiome are associated with altered microRNA expression in baboon placenta and fetal liver. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:945768. [PMID: 36935840 PMCID: PMC10012127 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.945768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal consumption of a high-fat, Western-style diet (WD) disrupts the maternal/infant microbiome and contributes to developmental programming of the immune system and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the offspring. Epigenetic changes, including non-coding miRNAs in the fetus and/or placenta may also underlie this risk. We previously showed that obese nonhuman primates fed a WD during pregnancy results in the loss of beneficial maternal gut microbes and dysregulation of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetal liver, leading to a perturbed postnatal immune response with accelerated NAFLD in juvenile offspring. Here, we investigated associations between WD-induced maternal metabolic and microbiome changes, in the absence of obesity, and miRNA and gene expression changes in the placenta and fetal liver. After ~8-11 months of WD feeding, dams were similar in body weight but exhibited mild, systemic inflammation (elevated CRP and neutrophil count) and dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides and cholesterol) compared with dams fed a control diet. The maternal gut microbiome was mainly comprised of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales, with significantly decreased alpha diversity (P = 0.0163) in WD-fed dams but no community-wide differences (P = 0.26). At 0.9 gestation, mRNA expression of IL6 and TNF in maternal WD (mWD) exposed placentas trended higher, while increased triglycerides, expression of pro-inflammatory CCR2, and histological evidence for fibrosis were found in mWD-exposed fetal livers. In the mWD-exposed fetus, hepatic expression levels of miR-204-5p and miR-145-3p were significantly downregulated, whereas in mWD-exposed placentas, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were significantly decreased. Notably, miR-1285-3p expression in the liver and miR-183-5p in the placenta were significantly associated with inflammation and lipid synthesis pathway genes, respectively. Blautia and Ruminococcus were significantly associated with miR-122-5p in liver, while Coriobacteriaceae and Prevotellaceae were strongly associated with miR-1285-3p in the placenta; both miRNAs are implicated in pathways mediating postnatal growth and obesity. Our findings demonstrate that mWD shifts the maternal microbiome, lipid metabolism, and inflammation prior to obesity and are associated with epigenetic changes in the placenta and fetal liver. These changes may underlie inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis patterns that drive NAFLD and metabolic disease risk in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron Y. Sugino
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ashok Mandala
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sunam Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - MaJoi Trammell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michael W. Day
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Richard S. Brush
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - James F. Papin
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Karen R. Jonscher
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE: Karen R. Jonscher,
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Cortesi L, Galli GR, Domati F, Conte L, Manca L, Berio MA, Toss A, Iannone A, Federico M. Obesity in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: It Is Time to Improve Actions for a Healthier Lifestyle. The Results of a Comparison Between Two Italian Regions With Different "Presumed" Lifestyles. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769683. [PMID: 34869002 PMCID: PMC8637830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult body fatness is a convincing risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. With the aim to compare the different breast cancer (BC) features in Northern and Southern Italy, we investigated the relationship between BMI and BC characteristic in two groups of patients referred in the Modena and Lecce breast units. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of a continuous series of BC patients referred to the Città di Lecce Hospital and the Modena Cancer Center, from January 2019 to December 2020 was performed. We identified four groups of BMI at BC diagnosis: underweight, BMI <18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, BMI ≥ 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; overweight, BMI ≥ 25.0–29.9 kg/m2; obese, BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2. BC characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Mann-Whitney U test; categorical data were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test, and dicotomic data were compared by odds ratio. Results Nine hundred seventy-seven BC patients were included in the analysis. Overall, 470 were from Modena and 507 from Lecce. No differences were observed in the mean age of BC patients of Modena (61,42) and Lecce (62,08). No statistical differences between the two populations were shown in terms of tumor characteristics and pathological stage. Conversely, a statistical difference of BMI between the BC patients coming from Modena and Lecce (25.87 and 27.81, respectively; p = 0.000001) was found. BC patients diagnosed in Lecce at age ≥70 years had higher median BMI compared with the ones from Modena (p = 0.000002). The increased BMI in this aged population was also associated to larger tumor size (p = 0.040). Conclusion The rate of overweight and obesity was higher in BC women living in Southern Italy, despite the presumed nutrition according to the so-called Mediterranean type dietary pattern. Unexpectedly, an increased BMI rate and a relationship with larger tumor size were found in Southern BC patients aged ≥70 years. Our findings strongly support the need for promoting a healthier lifestyle model in Italy, with the aim of reducing the rate of the obesity and, consequently, the increased risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Raffaella Galli
- Breast Unit City of Lecce Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Domati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luana Conte
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics and Environment, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine, University of Salento and Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL), Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi Manca
- Breast Unit City of Lecce Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Berio
- Breast Unit City of Lecce Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research, Lecce, Italy
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Federico
- Breast Unit City of Lecce Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research, Lecce, Italy
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Muehlbauer AL, Richards AL, Alazizi A, Burns MB, Gomez A, Clayton JB, Petrzelkova K, Cascardo C, Resztak J, Wen X, Pique-Regi R, Luca F, Blekhman R. Interspecies variation in hominid gut microbiota controls host gene regulation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110057. [PMID: 34818542 PMCID: PMC8647622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome exhibits extreme compositional variation between hominid hosts. However, it is unclear how this variation impacts host physiology across species and whether this effect can be mediated through microbial regulation of host gene expression in interacting epithelial cells. Here, we characterize the transcriptional response of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We find that most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes. However, hundreds of host genes exhibit a divergent response, whereby they respond only to microbiomes from specific host species. Such genes are associated with intestinal diseases in humans, including inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease. Last, we find that inflammation-associated microbial species regulate the expression of host genes previously associated with inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting health-related consequences for species-specific host-microbiome interactions across hominids. Muehlbauer et al. investigate how variation between different hominid microbiomes drives host gene expression in colonic epithelial cell cultures. They find that host genes that respond only to microbiomes from a specific hominid species are linked to gastrointestinal diseases, suggesting implications for understanding how the microbiome can impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Muehlbauer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison L Richards
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Adnan Alazizi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael B Burns
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan B Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NB, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB, USA
| | - Klara Petrzelkova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic; Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Camilla Cascardo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Justyna Resztak
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Pano O, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Sayón-Orea C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Martinez JA, Sanchez-Villegas A. Healthy diet, depression and quality of life: A narrative review of biological mechanisms and primary prevention opportunities. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:997-1016. [PMID: 34888169 PMCID: PMC8613751 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unipolar depressive disorder (UDD) affects more than 264 million people worldwide and was projected well before the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic to be the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost in 2030. It is imperative for leading economies to implement preventive strategies targeted towards UDD, given consistent policies are currently lacking. Recently established similarities between the aetiological hypotheses of depression and cardiometabolic diseases are shifting paradigms within this field. It is believed that dietary practices could potentially reduce the incidence of depression; similar to their effects on metabolism. Thus, the aim of this review was to compile current evidence on healthy dietary patterns as suitable contributors towards primary prevention strategies against UDD. Most of the well-known biological mechanisms behind depression have been positively associated with healthful diets and dietary patterns to varying degrees. Interestingly, a common factor of UDD is the production and overall effects of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein. These compounds have been associated with depressive symptoms, disturbances in neuroendocrine function, leaky gut, monoamine activity and brain function, while also being key factors in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MD) in particular, is well supported by first-level evidence regarding its preventive qualities against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and thus considered a model for healthy eating by various organizations. In one of the few clinical trials investigating these associations, the PREDIMED trial, individuals with diabetes assigned to a MD supplemented with mixed tree nuts experienced a 41% relative risk reduction for developing depression. Lastly, there is a need to include health related quality of life as an indicator of physical and mental well-being, considering its putative associations with depression and suicide risk. Going forward, focusing on clinical trials, using precise nutritional assessments, and identifying nutritional biomarkers which may be related to depression are needed to fully support the implementation of dietary recommendations in the field of psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Pano
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarre, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Elena H Martínez-Lapiscina
- Department of Neurology Center of Neuroimmunology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Navarra Institute of Public Health and Epidemiology, Pamplona 31003, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarre, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarre, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35080, Spain
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Latorre-Pérez A, Hernández M, Iglesias JR, Morán J, Pascual J, Porcar M, Vilanova C, Collado L. The Spanish gut microbiome reveals links between microorganisms and Mediterranean diet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21602. [PMID: 34759297 PMCID: PMC8580991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing evidence of links between human gut and health, the number of gut microbiomes that have been studied to date at a country level are surprisingly low. Mediterranean countries, including some of the most long-lived and healthy countries in the world, have not been considered so far in those studies at a large scale. The main objective of this work is to characterize the gut microbiome of a healthy adult population of a Mediterranean, paradigmatically healthy country: Spain. Stool samples from 530 healthy volunteers were collected, total metagenomic DNA extracted, and the microbial profiles determined through 16S rRNA metataxonomic sequencing. Our results confirm the associations between several microbial markers and different variables, including sex, age, BMI and diet choices, and bring new insights into the relationship between microbiome and diet in the Spanish population. Remarkably, some of the associations found, such as the decrease of Faecalibacterium with age or the link of Flavonifractor with less healthy dietary habits, have been barely noticed in other large-scale cohorts. On the other hand, a range of links between microorganisms, diet, and lifestyle coincide with those reported in other populations, thus increasing the robustness of such associations and confirming the importance of these microbial markers across different countries. Overall, this study describes the Spanish "normal" microbiome, providing a solid baseline for future studies investigating the effects of gut microbiome composition and deviations in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Central Lechera Asturiana para la Nutrición Personalizada (ICLANP), Siero, Spain.
| | - Jose Ramón Iglesias
- Instituto Central Lechera Asturiana para la Nutrición Personalizada (ICLANP), Siero, Spain
| | - Javier Morán
- Instituto de Innovación Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Porcar
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence S.L., Paterna, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Luis Collado
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Shin JH, Ahn YJ, Chung WH, Lim MY, Hong S, Kim JH, Park MH, Nam YD. Effect of Saengshik Supplementation on the Gut Microbial Composition of Healthy Korean Adults: A Single-Group Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:743620. [PMID: 34746209 PMCID: PMC8568882 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.743620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saengshik is a type of meal-replacement product or dietary supplement comprising an uncooked and dried plant-based food mixture with various health-promoting properties, such as antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Although these properties are considered attributable to the various bioactive components absorbed through the intestine and its remolding effect on intestinal microorganisms, the effect of Saengshik supplementation on gut microbiota profiles has not yet been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of Saengshik administration on the composition of gut microbiota. This single-group design trial was conducted on 102 healthy men and women who received 40 g/day of Saengshik powder for 8 weeks, during which stool samples were collected at two fixed time points (baseline and the endpoint) for gut microbiota-profiling analysis. We observed a significant decrease in the α-diversity of gut microbiota after Saengshik consumption (P < 0.05), with significant changes identified in the composition of major microbial taxa, such as Bacteroidetes (P < 0.0001), Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.0001). Notably, the gut microbial response was related to the inter-individual variability of habitual dietary intake and enterotype at baseline. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effects of Saengshik intake on changes in gut microbiota, with the results suggesting that individual habitual diet patterns and gut microbial shapes should be considered key aspects in Saengshik-mediated health-promotion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Yong Ju Ahn
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Lim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Joong-Hark Kim
- Erom R&D Center, Erom Co., Ltd., Chuncheon-si, South Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Mi Houn Park
- Erom R&D Center, Erom Co., Ltd., Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
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49
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Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Mice Treated with Commonly Used Food Preservatives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112311. [PMID: 34835437 PMCID: PMC8617889 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important factors regulating and influencing the composition of our gut microbiome, but the specific effects of commonly used antimicrobial agents i.e., food preservatives present within foods, are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the effect of the three widely used food-grade preservatives i.e., benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite, in recommended levels, on the gut microbiota diversity and composition in a mouse model. The analysis of β-diversity reveals distinct signatures of the gut microbiota between mice consuming different preservatives. Further analyses of α-diversity indices also show that the three preservatives induce specific patterns of microbial diversity, with diversity being lowest in mice consuming potassium sorbate. In terms of bacterial abundance, each of the three preservatives demonstrated unique microbial signatures, mainly affecting the proportions of bacterial taxa belonging to Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria. Specifically, we find the increased proportion of Bacteroides, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira, and Dorea in mice fed with benzoate; increased abundance of Firmicutes, Turicibacter, and Alkaliphilus by sodium nitrate; and increased proportion of Parabacteroides and Adlercreutzia by potassium sorbate. The findings improve our understanding of how food-grade preservatives may influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity and should facilitate prospective studies investigating diet-microbiome interactions in relation to intestinal and metabolic health.
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50
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Amick KA, Mahapatra G, Bergstrom J, Gao Z, Craft S, Register TC, Shively CA, Molina AJA. Brain region-specific disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in cynomolgus macaques fed a Western versus a Mediterranean diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E652-E664. [PMID: 34569271 PMCID: PMC8791787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in diseases affecting cognition and metabolism such as Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Human studies of brain mitochondrial function are limited to postmortem tissue, preventing the assessment of bioenergetics by respirometry. Here, we investigated the effect of two diets on mitochondrial bioenergetics in three brain regions: the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the entorhinal cortex (ERC), and the cerebellum (CB), using middle-aged nonhuman primates. Eighteen female cynomolgus macaques aged 12.3 ± 0.7 yr were fed either a Mediterranean diet that is associated with healthy outcomes or a Western diet that is associated with poor cognitive and metabolic outcomes. Average bioenergetic capacity within each brain region did not differ between diets. Distinct brain regions have different metabolic requirements related to their function and disease susceptibility. Therefore, we also examined differences in bioenergetic capacity between brain regions. Mitochondria isolated from animals fed a Mediterranean diet maintained distinct differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics between brain regions, whereas animals fed the Western diet had diminished distinction in bioenergetics between brain regions. Notably, fatty acid β-oxidation was not affected between regions in animals fed a Western diet. In addition, bioenergetics in animals fed a Western diet had positive associations with fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in PFC and ERC mitochondria but not in CB mitochondria. Altogether, these data indicate that a Western diet disrupts bioenergetic patterns across brain regions and that circulating blood glucose and insulin levels in Western-diet fed animals influence bioenergetics in brain regions susceptible to Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that compared with cynomolgus macaques fed a Mediterranean diet, a Western diet resulted in diminished bioenergetic pattern between brain regions related to blood glucose and insulin levels, specifically in brain regions susceptible to neurodegeneration and diabetes. In addition, fatty acid metabolism not directly linked to the TCA cycle and glucose metabolism did not show differences in bioenergetics due to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allison Amick
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gargi Mahapatra
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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