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Le HT, Dang AK, Le LTT, Nguyen HTT, Nguyen GT, Nguyen HTT, Phan HBT, Nguyen TA, Robinson L. Nutritional status, dietary quality and eating disturbance issues among people with dementia in Vietnam: evidence of a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:107. [PMID: 38987853 PMCID: PMC11238499 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to cognitive impairments, people with dementia (PWD) often have difficulties in eating and drinking. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, dietary quality and eating disturbance issues among PWD in Vietnam. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Vietnamese National Geriatric Hospital from April to December 2022. We used Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to classify the severity levels of dementia. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 24-hour recall, eating disturbance questionnaires, and anthropometric indicators were used to evaluate the nutritional status, dietary quality, and eating disorders of study subjects. RESULTS Overall, among 63 study participants, 74.6 per cent of PWD were at risk of or having malnutrition. By dementia classification according to MMSE scale, people with moderate and severe dementia accounted for 53.3 per cent of those who met the recommended energy levels, compared to 42.4 per cent of people with mild dementia and normal people. In the above two groups, around three per cent of participants reached the recommended amount of fibre. Calcium (50-70%), vitamin A (80-90%), and D (90%) were found to be the most severe deficiency forms of minerals and vitamins in both male and female participants. The majority of participants (90.5%) had at least one form of eating disorders with the most frequent issue being appetite changes (76.2%) and swallowing issues (50.8%). CONCLUSIONS PWD in our sample frequently experienced malnutrition, a lack of essential nutrients, difficulties swallowing, changes in eating habits and appetite. It is neccesary to early screen and assess nutritional status and swallowing disturbance in PWD, and instruct their caregivers to prepare nutritious meals for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Le
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Kim Dang
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linh Thao Thi Le
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Ha Thu Thi Nguyen
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Nguyen
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Huong Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Bich Thi Phan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Social Gerontology Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Al Shamsi HSS, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Sohrabi HR, Canovas R, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. The Relationship between Diet, Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300419. [PMID: 38973221 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review evaluates the role of diet in the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS AD and depression are often comorbid, and depression appears to independently increase the future risk of AD. Evidence suggests diet influences the risk of both conditions directly and indirectly. Diet impacts neurochemical and biological processes that may affect the development and progression of depression and cognitive dysfunction. The dietary components offering the greatest protection against depression and AD are yet to be determined. Current evidence highlights the importance of polyphenolic compounds, folate, B vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with adherence to dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet, which includes multiple beneficial dietary factors. SUMMARY The investigation of dietary factors in the prevention of depression and AD is a comparatively young field of research. Comprehensive highly characterised longitudinal datasets and advanced analytical approaches are required to further examine the complex relationship between diet, depression, and AD. There is a critical need for more research in this area to develop effective preventive strategies aimed at maintaining mental and physical health with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Salim Said Al Shamsi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Canovas
- Health & Biosecurity, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Warnakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Losa M, Morsy Y, Emmenegger M, Manz SM, Schwarz P, Aguzzi A, Scharl M. Longitudinal microbiome investigation throughout prion disease course reveals pre- and symptomatic compositional perturbations linked to short-chain fatty acid metabolism and cognitive impairment in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412765. [PMID: 38919500 PMCID: PMC11196846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Commensal intestinal bacteria shape our microbiome and have decisive roles in preserving host metabolic and immune homeostasis. They conspicuously impact disease development and progression, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha (α)-synuclein pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, conveying the importance of the brain-gut-microbiome axis in such conditions. However, little is known about the longitudinal microbiome landscape and its potential clinical implications in other protein misfolding disorders, such as prion disease. We investigated the microbiome architecture throughout prion disease course in mice. Fecal specimens were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We report a temporal microbiome signature in prion disease and uncovered alterations in Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Muribaculaceae family members in this disease. Moreover, we determined the enrichment of Bilophila, a microorganism connected to cognitive impairment, long before the clinical manifestation of disease symptoms. Based on temporal microbial abundances, several associated metabolic pathways and resulting metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, were linked to the disease. We propose that neuroinflammatory processes relate to perturbations of the intestinal microbiome and metabolic state by an interorgan brain-gut crosstalk. Furthermore, we describe biomarkers possibly suitable for early disease diagnostics and anti-prion therapy monitoring. While our study is confined to prion disease, our discoveries might be of equivalent relevance in other proteinopathies and central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Losa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salomon M. Manz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Thaenpramun R, Komolsuradej N, Buathong N, Srikrajang S. Association between glycaemic control and malnutrition in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1497-1505. [PMID: 38239007 PMCID: PMC11043908 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a major problem among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some studies suggest that well glycaemic control increases the risk of frailty due to reduced intake. Therefore, it could be hypothesised that adequate glycaemic controlled patients may be at risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to examine, in older adults with T2DM, the association between adequate glycaemic control and malnutrition as well as identify the risk factors for malnutrition. Data including general characteristics, health status, depression, functional abilities, cognition and nutrition status were analysed. Poor nutritional status is defined as participants assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment as being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Adequate glycaemic control refers to an HbA1c level that meets the target base in the American Diabetes Association 2022 guidelines with individualised criteria. There were 287 participants with a median (interquartile range) age of 64 (61-70) years, a prevalence of poor nutrition, 15 %, and adequate glycaemic control, 83·6 %. This study found no association between adequate glycaemic control and poor nutrition (P = 0·67). The factors associated with poor nutritional status were low monthly income (adjusted OR (AOR) 4·66, 95 % CI 1·28, 16·98 for income < £118 and AOR 7·80, 95 % CI 1·74, 34·89 for income £118-355), unemployment (AOR 4·23, 95 % CI 1·51, 11·85) and cognitive impairment (AOR 5·28, 95 % CI 1·56, 17·93). These findings support the notion that older adults with T2DM should be encouraged to maintain adequate glycaemic control without concern for malnutrition, especially those who have low income, unemployment or decreased cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaphon Thaenpramun
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla90110, Thailand
| | - Narucha Komolsuradej
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla90110, Thailand
| | - Napakkawat Buathong
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla90110, Thailand
| | - Siwaluk Srikrajang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanjanavanich road, Hat Yai, Songkhla90110, Thailand
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Moreno-Martin P, Minobes-Molina E, Carbó-Cardeña A, Masó-Aguado M, Solé-Casals M, Torrents-Solé M, Bort-Roig J, Amblàs-Novellas J, Gómez-Batiste X, Jerez-Roig J. Exploring Early, Middle, and Late Loss in Basic Activities of Daily Living among Nursing Home Residents: A Multicenter Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:810. [PMID: 38667572 PMCID: PMC11050254 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nursing home (NH) residents commonly face limitations in basic activities of daily living (BADLs), following a hierarchical decline. Understanding this hierarchy is crucial for personalized care. This study explores factors associated with early, middle, and late loss in BADLs among NH residents. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 NHs in Catalonia, Spain. Dependent variables were related to limitations in BADLs: early loss (self-care-related BADLs: personal hygiene, dressing, or bathing), middle loss (mobility-related BADLs: walking or wheelchair handling, toileting, and transferring), and late loss (eating). Independent variables were based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment and institutional factors. Logistic regression was used for the multivariate analyses. The study included 671 older adults. Early loss in BADLs was significantly associated with urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, and falls. Middle loss in BADLs was linked to fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, ulcers, and cognitive impairment. Late loss in BADLs was associated with fecal incontinence, the NH not owning a kitchen, neurological disease, cognitive impairment, dysphagia, polypharmacy, and weight loss. These findings highlight the need to address geriatric syndromes, especially cognitive impairment and bladder/bowel incontinence. Monitoring these syndromes could effectively anticipate care dependency. The presence of kitchens in NHs may help to address limitations to eating, allowing for potential personalized meal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Moreno-Martin
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (M.M.-A.); (J.J.-R.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Eduard Minobes-Molina
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (M.M.-A.); (J.J.-R.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain;
- Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, C. Príncipe de Vergara, 57-59, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Carbó-Cardeña
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (M.M.-A.); (J.J.-R.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Montse Masó-Aguado
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (M.M.-A.); (J.J.-R.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Solé-Casals
- Central Catalonia Chronicity Research Group (C3RG), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (J.A.-N.); (X.G.-B.)
| | | | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain;
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Jordi Amblàs-Novellas
- Central Catalonia Chronicity Research Group (C3RG), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (J.A.-N.); (X.G.-B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Chair in Palliative Care, University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Xavier Gómez-Batiste
- Central Catalonia Chronicity Research Group (C3RG), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (J.A.-N.); (X.G.-B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Chair in Palliative Care, University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (M.M.-A.); (J.J.-R.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Marche C, Poulain M, Nieddu A, Errigo A, Dore MP, Pes GM. Is a plant-based diet effective to maintain a good psycho-affective status in old age? Results of a survey of a long-lived population from Sardinia. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:382-391. [PMID: 37023016 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2198115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common among the elderly, resulting in poor quality of life and elevated healthcare expenditure. Among other factors, dietary habits could also affect this condition, although the specific food patterns involved remain to be established. The present study aimed to assess the role of plant- versus animal-dominant foods consumption on the affective state of nonagenarians from a Sardinian population, Italy, well known for its longevity (Blue Zone). METHODS Data, including demographic, education, anthropometric parameters, monthly income, and comorbidity were recorded and analyzed. Symptomatic depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) during a comprehensive home geriatric assessment; nutritional status was evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 200 elderly subjects living in the Sardinian Blue Zone (mean age 93.9 ± 3.9 years) participated in the study; symptomatic depression was present in 51% of the whole cohort and was more common among women. Multivariable logistic regression showed a significantly greater risk of depression in people consuming plantbased foods (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.93), whereas moderate animal-derived foods consumption was associated with a better affective state (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-0.98). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a more balanced diet, including animal-derived foods, instead of an exclusive plant-dominant diet, may be more appropriate in the elderly, and abstention from animal-based food intake should not be recommended in advanced age to prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marche
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michel Poulain
- IACCHOS, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
- Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Alessandra Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Clinica Medica, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
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Takakura T. Nutrition, Exercise, and Cognitive Rehabilitation for Dementia Prevention. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI = JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2024; 70:9-22. [PMID: 38854809 PMCID: PMC11154644 DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj23-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Dementia is one of the most significant global challenges in medical and social care in the 21st century. It affects not only the patients themselves, but also their families, caregivers, and society in general, causing physical, psychological, and socioeconomic effects. As of 2020, there are approximately 6 million people in Japan aged 65 or older with dementia, and this number is expected to increase to around 7 million by 2025, meaning that one out of every five elderly people will have dementia. To prevent the onset and progression of dementia, it is crucial to have a proper understanding of its risks and adopt a healthy lifestyle. Leading an active life from an early stage can also aid in delaying or preventing the onset of dementia. Livingston has identified 12 risks that can lead to dementia, including physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, air pollution, head injury, social isolation, poor educational history, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and hearing loss. Modifying one's lifestyle and leading an active life can be crucial in reducing these risks. The Mediterranean diet is gaining attention as a good practice for dementia prevention due to its diversity, richness in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins. Exercise has been shown to prevent dementia on biological, behavioral, and socio-psychological levels. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that can alter brain plasticity and is being studied for clinical applications as a non-drug therapy for preventing dementia progression.
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Karnik SJ, Margetts TJ, Wang HS, Movila A, Oblak AL, Fehrenbacher JC, Kacena MA, Plotkin LI. Mind the Gap: Unraveling the Intricate Dance Between Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Bone Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:165-176. [PMID: 38285083 PMCID: PMC10912190 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the linked pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease/related dementia (AD/ADRD) and bone disorders like osteoporosis. The emphasis is on "inflammaging"-a low-level inflammation common to both, and its implications in an aging population. RECENT FINDINGS Aging intensifies both ADRD and bone deterioration. Notably, ADRD patients have a heightened fracture risk, impacting morbidity and mortality, though it is uncertain if fractures worsen ADRD. Therapeutically, agents targeting inflammation pathways, especially Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and TNF-α, appear beneficial for both conditions. Additionally, treatments like Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are gaining attention. The interconnectedness of AD/ADRD and bone health necessitates a unified treatment approach. By addressing shared mechanisms, we can potentially transform therapeutic strategies, enriching our understanding and refining care in our aging society. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tyler J Margetts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hannah S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Arifin H, Chen R, Banda KJ, Kustanti CY, Chang CY, Lin HC, Liu D, Lee TY, Chou KR. Meta-analysis and moderator analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk among older adults with dementia. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 150:104648. [PMID: 38043486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and dementia are common and closely related health problems in older adults, affecting their ability to maintain a healthy diet and ultimately resulting in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE In this study, we estimated the global prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk in older adults with dementia. DESIGN Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched for articles published from database inception to October 2022. METHODS Pooled prevalence analysis was conducted using a generalized linear mixed model and a random-effects model. I2 and Cochran's Q statistics were used for identifying heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Peters' regression test and a funnel plot. Moderator analyses were conducted to investigate variations in the prevalence estimates of the included studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software. RESULTS A total of 16 studies involving a total of 6513 older adults with dementia were included in the analysis. The results indicated that 32.52 % (95 % confidence interval: 19.55-45.49) of all included older adults with dementia had malnutrition, whereas 46.80 % (95 % confidence interval: 38.90-54.70) had a risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition was found to be high among older patients living in institutionalized settings (46.59 %) and those with Alzheimer's disease (12.26 %). The factors moderating the prevalence of malnutrition included adequate vitamin B12 consumption, risk behaviors, medical comorbidities, and certain neuropsychiatric symptoms. The prevalence of malnutrition risk was high among women (29.84 %) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (26.29 %). The factors moderating the prevalence of malnutrition risk included total cholesterol level, vitamin B12 consumption, risk behaviors, medical comorbidities, and certain neuropsychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of older adults with dementia are malnourished and nearly half of older adults are at a risk of malnutrition. Encouraging collaboration among health-care professionals and ensuring early assessment and effective management of malnutrition are crucial for maintaining a favorable nutritional status in older adults with dementia. REGISTRATION This study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022369329). TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Globally, approximately 32.52 % of older adults with dementia are malnourished and approximately 46.80 % are at a risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Arifin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. https://twitter.com/ha_arifin
| | - Ruey Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kondwani Joseph Banda
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Endoscopy Unit, Surgery Department, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Christina Yeni Kustanti
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bethesda Yakkum, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Doresses Liu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Ying Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nursing Research Center, Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Ye YC, Chai SF, Li XR, Wu MN, Cai HY, Wang ZJ. Intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease-Targeting ketone bodies as a potential strategy for brain energy rescue. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:129-146. [PMID: 37823968 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks effective clinical treatments. As the disease progresses, the cerebral glucose hypometabolism that appears in the preclinical phase of AD gradually worsens, leading to increasingly severe brain energy disorders. This review analyzes the brain energy deficit in AD and its etiology, brain energy rescue strategies based on ketone intervention, the effects and mechanisms of IF, the differences in efficacy between IF and ketogenic diet and the duality of IF. The evidence suggests that brain energy deficits lead to the development and progression of AD pathology. IF, which improves brain energy impairments by promoting ketone metabolism, thus has good therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu- Cai Ye
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fan Chai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Karagac MS, Ceylan H. Neuroprotective Potential of Tannic Acid Against Neurotoxic Outputs of Monosodium Glutamate in Rat Cerebral Cortex. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:670-680. [PMID: 37713032 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate in monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is widely used in the food industry, has an important role in major brain functions such as memory, learning, synapse formation, and stabilization. However, extensive use of MSG has been linked with neurotoxicity. Therefore, in addition to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of MSG-induced neurotoxicity, it is also important to determine safe agents that can diminish the damage caused by MSG. Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol that exhibits versatile physiological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and radical scavenging. This study was conducted to assess the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of these two dietary components in the rat cerebral cortex. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups and were treated with MSG (2 g/kg) and TA (50 mg/kg) alone and in combination for 3 weeks. Alterations in oxidative stress indicators (MDA and GSH) were measured in the cortex tissues. In addition, changes in enzymatic activities and gene expression patterns of antioxidant system components (GST, GPx, CAT, and SOD) were investigated. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of FoxO transcription factors (Foxo1 and Foxo3) and apoptotic markers (Casp3 and Casp9) were assessed. Results revealed that dietary TA intake significantly rehabilitated MSG-induced dysregulation in cortical tissue by regulating redox balance, cellular homeostasis, and apoptosis. The present study proposes that MSG-induced detrimental effects on cortical tissue are potentially mitigated by TA via modulation of oxidative stress, cell metabolism, and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Sibel Karagac
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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12
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Cadwallader CJ, Velakoulis D, Loi SM. Post-Diagnostic Support for Behaviour Changes in Young-Onset Dementia in Australia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1529. [PMID: 38002489 PMCID: PMC10670083 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Behaviour changes (BCs) are common in young-onset dementia (YOD). Access to knowledgeable and age-appropriate support services is needed to assist with the appropriate management of BCs. We sought to investigate the types of YOD-related BCs that most commonly require support, the formal services being accessed for support, and the experiences of those seeking support in Australia. We employed a cross-sectional online questionnaire for individuals living with YOD as well as individuals providing informal or formal care for someone with YOD. Thirty-six questionnaire responses were recorded. Of the total sample, 83% reported YOD-related BCs requiring support, the most common being appetite/eating changes, followed by agitation/aggression and apathy/indifference. Seventy-six percent of these individuals had attempted to seek support from a formal service, with Dementia Australia, Dementia Support Australia, and general practitioners most commonly approached. Responses suggested that the support access pathway is suboptimal, with a lack of clarity about what services to approach for support and long wait times. Furthermore, 28% of participants had not gained access to support utilizing non-pharmacological strategies. Individuals who need support for YOD-related BCs demonstrated a high rate of help-seeking from formal support services; however, the support access pathway is slow, is difficult to navigate, and does not result in the best-practice management of BCs. Formal services resourced to provide efficient support with the implementation of behavioural strategies are needed, along with clear, accessible guidelines on the pathway to access them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Cadwallader
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (C.J.C.); (D.V.)
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (C.J.C.); (D.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samantha M. Loi
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (C.J.C.); (D.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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13
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Moreira VS, Chaves MLF, de Castilhos RM, Olchik MR. Caregiver burden related to feeding process in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20220092. [PMID: 37533596 PMCID: PMC10392878 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in the feeding process, such as aversive feeding behaviors and dysphagia, are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can often overload their caregivers. Although dysphagia is already established as a factor contributing to caregiver burden, the impact of aversive behaviors is less studied. Objectives Evaluate the relationship between the feeding process in individuals with AD and their caregiver's burden. Methods Dyads of individuals with AD and their caregivers were recruited for a cross-sectional study. The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) scale, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), and the Functional Oral Intake scale (FOIS) were performed. Results We included 60 AD individuals-caregivers dyads. The median (IQR) age of caregivers was 57 (19-81) years, and the most were females (70%). The individuals with AD had a median MMSE of 12 (6-15), and the disease duration was 4 (2-6) years. The mean (SD) Zarit score was 20.95 (6.51). In the multivariate linear regression, the EdFED score (95% CI 0.368-1.465) and time as a caregiver (95% CI 0.133-1.355) were associated with the caregiver's burden. Conclusions Aversive behaviors were associated with the caregiver burden of individuals with AD, even with a short duration of the disease. These findings show the importance of education for caregivers regarding the feeding process, as these measures have great potential to minimize the caregiver's burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Salazar Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Raphael Machado de Castilhos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Maira Rozenfeld Olchik
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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14
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Lahiouel A, Kellett J, Isbel S, D'Cunha NM. An Exploratory Study of Nutrition Knowledge and Challenges Faced by Informal Carers of Community-Dwelling People with Dementia: Online Survey and Thematic Analysis. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:77. [PMID: 37489325 PMCID: PMC10366724 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition knowledge is a primary factor influencing food choices and the ability to identify nutritional risk for carers of people with dementia. Acquiring nutrition knowledge helps carers monitor changes in food intake and micronutrient intake, and whether a healthy and balanced diet is being consumed. This study aimed to assess the nutrition knowledge of carers in the Australian community and their experiences with nutrition education. Using a mixed-methods approach, the nutrition knowledge of informal carers was assessed using the revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (AUS-R-NKQ), and interviews of informal carers were used to explore the perspectives in a sub-sample. A total of 57 carers (44 females; mean age of 63.0 ± 13.1) completed the survey, and 11 carers participated in follow-up interviews. The total sample scored 22.9 (±4.57) out of 38 on the AUS-R-NKQ, suggesting basic nutrition knowledge. The interviewed carers acknowledged the importance of healthy nutrition but viewed the provision of a healthy diet for a person with dementia as challenging. In both the survey and interviews, carers reported limited use and availability of dementia-specific nutrition resources. Carers were unsatisfied with the advice and number of referrals provided to improve the nutrition of the person with dementia and desired less confusing nutrition education materials adapted to their level of knowledge. The present study highlights the need for informal carers to be supported to acquire adequate nutrition knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeljalil Lahiouel
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ageing Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Stephen Isbel
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ageing Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Ageing Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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15
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Badaeva AV, Danilov AB, Clayton P, Moskalev AA, Karasev AV, Tarasevich AF, Vorobyeva YD, Novikov VN. Perspectives on Neuronutrition in Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112505. [PMID: 37299468 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neuronutrition has been proposed as part of nutritional neuroscience, studying the effects of various dietary components on behavior and cognition. Other researchers underline that neuronutrition includes the use of various nutrients and diets to prevent and treat neurological disorders. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the current understanding of the term neuronutrition as the key concept for brain health, its potential molecular targets, and perspectives of its nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis, anxiety, depressive disorders, migraine, and chronic pain. Neuronutrition can be defined as a part of neuroscience that studies the influence of various aspects of nutrition (nutrients, diet, eating behavior, food environment, etc.) on the development of nervous disorders and includes nutrition, clinical dietetics, and neurology. There is evidence that the neuronutritional approach can influence neuroepigenetic modifications, immunological regulation, metabolic control, and behavioral patterns. The main molecular targets in neuronutrition include neuroinflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, gut-brain axis disturbance, and neurotransmitter imbalance. To effectively apply neuronutrition for maintaining brain health, a personalized approach is needed, which includes the adaptation of the scientific findings to the genetic, biochemical, psycho-physiological, and environmental features of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia V Badaeva
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey B Danilov
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Paul Clayton
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Russian Research Clinical Center of Gerontology of the Russian National Research Medical University Named after N.I. Pirogov, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Karasev
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F Tarasevich
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D Vorobyeva
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viacheslav N Novikov
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Flores AC, Jensen GL, Mitchell DC, Na M, Wood GC, Still CD, Gao X. Prospective Study of Diet Quality and the Risk of Dementia in the Oldest Old. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051282. [PMID: 36904280 PMCID: PMC10005581 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations between overall diet quality and the risk of dementia in a rural cohort among the oldest old. Included in this prospective cohort study were 2232 participants aged ≥ 80 years and dementia-free at the baseline according to the Geisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS), a longitudinal cohort in rural Pennsylvania. In 2009, diet quality was assessed by a validated dietary screening tool (DST). Incident cases of dementia during 2009-2021 were identified using diagnosis codes. This approach was validated by a review of electronic health records. Associations between diet quality scores and the incidence of dementia were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders. Across a mean of 6.90 years of follow-up, we identified 408 incident cases of all-cause dementia. Having a higher diet quality was not significantly associated with a lower risk for incidents of all-cause dementia (adjusted HR for the highest compared with the lowest tertile: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.29, P-trend = 0.95). Similarly, we did not observe a significant association between diet quality and altered risks of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Overall, having a higher diet quality was not significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia among the oldest old during the full follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Flores
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Gordon L. Jensen
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Diane C. Mitchell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - G. Craig Wood
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Cascaes AM, Constante HM, Vaz JDS, Ferreira de Mello ALS, Bomfim RA. Tooth loss severity and core and non-core food consumption among older Brazilian adults. Gerodontology 2023; 40:127-134. [PMID: 35332939 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between tooth loss severity and core and non-core food consumption in the older Brazilian population. METHODS We analysed data from 20 756 people aged 60 years or older who participated in the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The average consumption days a week of core (8-item) and non-core (4-item) foods were the outcomes, measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Tooth loss severity was the main exposure, using a four-category ordinal variable: mild (1-12 teeth missing), moderate (13-22), severe (23-31) and edentulous (all 32). Sociodemographic, tobacco smoking, use of dental prosthesis, difficulty in chewing and systemic conditions were among the covariates. Linear regression models estimated the association between tooth loss and food consumption. RESULTS Almost two-thirds of participants had moderate or worse levels of tooth loss. Older adults with more severe tooth loss reported an overall lower consumption of core and higher non-core foods than those with mild tooth loss. Worse tooth loss severity was associated with lower consumption of vegetables and/or legumes and fruits, and higher consumption of beans, artificial fruit juices and confectionery. CONCLUSIONS Older Brazilian adults with more severe tooth loss are consuming lower core and higher non-core foods. Our findings reinforce the importance of the common risk factor approach to tackle the adverse effects of tooth loss on diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Morales Cascaes
- Department of Public Health, Graduate Program in Public Health, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena Mendes Constante
- Department of Public Health, Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Vaz
- Faculty of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira de Mello
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Aiello Bomfim
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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18
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Does obesity related eating behaviors only affect chronic diseases? A nationwide study of university students in China. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102135. [PMID: 36798793 PMCID: PMC9925956 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aims of this study are to examine associations between obesity-related eating behaviors (OEB) and chronic and infectious diseases, and mental disorders. A representative nationwide survey was used to collect information among 11,659 medical students from 31 universities in China. Multiple variable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between OEB and the diseases. The multiple variable logistic regression model found that OEB was significantly associated with chronic disease (OR (Odds Ratio): 1.74 < 95 % C.I (Confidence Interval): 1.45, 2.65 > ), infectious disease (OR: 3.37 < 95 % C.I: 1.04, 1.81 > ), and mental disorder (OR: 1.87(<95 % C.I: 1.55, 2.25 > ). These findings underscore the importance of addressing OEB in programs and policies to promote health and prevent disease among university students.
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19
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Liu C, Wong PY, Chow SKH, Cheung WH, Wong RMY. Does the regulation of skeletal muscle influence cognitive function? A scoping review of pre-clinical evidence. J Orthop Translat 2023; 38:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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The Assessment of the Socioemotional Disorder in Neurodegenerative Diseases with the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247375. [PMID: 36555991 PMCID: PMC9788527 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition helps people to understand their own and others' behavior and to modulate the way of thinking and acting in different social situations. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases are essential, as social cognition is affected by these diseases. The Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) is a scale that detects social-emotional cognition deficits. AIM The aim of the current study is to examine how socioemotional parameters are affected by neurodegenerative diseases and whether the RSMS can discern these disorders based on the socioemotional parameters in the Greek population. METHODS/DESIGN A total of 331 dementia subjects were included. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (Revised, ACE-R) measurements were used in order to assess the cognitive deficits. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used for the evaluation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. The RSMS and its two subscales was used in order to detect the socioemotional deficits. RESULTS The RSMS and its two subscales (RSMS_EX and RSMS_SP) can effectively detect neurodegenerative diseases. The RSMS can detect bvFTD in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), AD in a healthy cohort, behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) in a healthy cohort, bvFTD in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Frontotemporal Semantic Dementia (FTD/SD) in a healthy cohort. It is a useful tool in order to detect frontotemporal dementias. RSMS correlated negatively with the NPI questionnaire total and the subcategories of apathy, disinhibition and eating disorders. The RSMS results are associated with the ACE-R score (specifically verbal fluency). CONCLUSIONS The RSMS is a helpful tool in order to identify socioemotional deficits in neurodegenerative dementias. It is also a useful scale that can discern bvFTD and svPPA in AD patients. A worse RSMS score correlates with a worse ACE-R and NPI. It seems to be a useful scale that can reliably measure social behavior in non-reversible neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD, FTD (bvFTD, svPPA), PDD and PD. The results also apply to the Greek population.
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Saito A, Sato W, Ikegami A, Ishihara S, Nakauma M, Funami T, Fushiki T, Yoshikawa S. Subjective-Physiological Coherence during Food Consumption in Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224736. [PMID: 36432423 PMCID: PMC9698163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective-physiological emotional coherence is thought to be associated with enhanced well-being, and a relationship between subjective-physiological emotional coherence and superior nutritional status has been suggested in older populations. However, no study has examined subjective-physiological emotional coherence among older adults while tasting food. Accordingly, the present study compared subjective-physiological emotional coherence during food consumption among older and younger adults. METHODS Participants consumed bite-sized gel-type foods with different flavors and provided their subjective ratings of the foods while their physiological responses (facial electromyography (EMG) of the corrugator supercilia, masseter, and suprahyoid, and other autonomic nervous system signals) were simultaneously measured. RESULTS Our primary findings were that (1) the ratings of liking, wanting, and valence were negatively correlated with corrugator EMG activity in older and young adult participants; (2) the positive association between masseter EMG activity and ratings of wanting/valence was weaker in the older than in the young adult group; and (3) arousal ratings were negatively correlated with corrugator EMG activity in the older group only. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate commonalities and differences in subjective-physiological emotional coherence during food intake between older and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akie Saito
- Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (W.S.); Tel.: +81-774-95-1360 (A.S. & W.S.)
| | - Wataru Sato
- Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (W.S.); Tel.: +81-774-95-1360 (A.S. & W.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tohru Fushiki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Ohtsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Sakiko Yoshikawa
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of the Arts, Kyoto University of the Arts, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Wu CY, Dodge HH, Gothard S, Mattek N, Wright K, Barnes LL, Silbert LC, Lim MM, Kaye JA, Beattie Z. Unobtrusive Sensing Technology Detects Ecologically Valid Spatiotemporal Patterns of Daily Routines Distinctive to Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2077-2084. [PMID: 34608939 PMCID: PMC9536445 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to capture people's movement throughout their home is a powerful approach to inform spatiotemporal patterns of routines associated with cognitive impairment. The study estimated indoor room activities over 24 hours and investigated relationships between diurnal activity patterns and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS One hundred and sixty-one older adults (26 with MCI) living alone (age = 78.9 ± 9.2) were included from 2 study cohorts-the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology and the Minority Aging Research Study. Indoor room activities were measured by the number of trips made to rooms (bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, living room). Trips made to rooms (transitions) were detected using passive infrared motion sensors fixed on the walls for a month. Latent trajectory models were used to identify distinct diurnal patterns of room activities and characteristics associated with each trajectory. RESULTS Latent trajectory models identified 2 diurnal patterns of bathroom usage (high and low usage). Participants with MCI were more likely to be in the high bathroom usage group that exhibited more trips to the bathroom than the low-usage group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, 95% CI [1.3-13.5], p = .02). For kitchen activity, 2 diurnal patterns were identified (high and low activity). Participants with MCI were more likely to be in the high kitchen activity group that exhibited more transitions to the kitchen throughout the day and night than the low kitchen activity group (OR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.1-9.1], p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The linkage between bathroom and kitchen activities with MCI may be the result of biological, health, and environmental factors in play. In-home, real-time unobtrusive-sensing offers a novel way of delineating cognitive health with chronologically-ordered movement across indoor locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Gothard
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kirsten Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Miranda M Lim
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary Beattie
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Otsuka R. Diet, nutrition, and cognitive function: A narrative review of Japanese longitudinal studies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:825-831. [PMID: 36002912 PMCID: PMC9805113 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In aging societies, the number of older people with cognitive decline and dementia is increasing. Proper nutrition is a key factor that can help in the prevention of these age-related impairments. This narrative review of longitudinal studies in Japan outlines the relationship between nutrition and the brain and focuses on Japanese nutritional epidemiologic studies. The results of Japanese cohort studies suggest that rather than a single food or nutrient, a nutritionally balanced diet that integrates a variety of foods and nutrients can contribute to the maintenance of brain function and be effective in preventing dementia. In addition, this review considers a nutritional approach to reducing the severity of cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and suggests lifelong strategies for the prevention of cognitive decline. It is important that we consider the practice of eating not only as a way to obtain nutrients, but also as an important lifestyle habit to maintain our physical and mental health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 825-831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyAichiJapan
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24
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Liu C, Yu H. Neighborhood effects on dietary behaviors—evidence from older adults in China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974471. [PMID: 37082563 PMCID: PMC10111188 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual neighborhood environment is an important predictor of dietary behavior. Using data from four waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2004–2011), this study applied a panel data approach to examine the effects of neighborhood diet quality on the eating behaviors of older adults living in the same community. Results of the fixed effects estimation indicated a significant neighborhood effect within the community, and neighborhoods with high-quality diets had a significantly positive effect on the eating behavior of the elderly. The neighborhood effects on elderly eating behaviors were manifested in improved dietary structure, including decreased consumption of cereals and increased consumption of vegetables and fruits, as well as meat, eggs, and dairy products. In terms of nutrient intake, there was a significant increase in protein intake, and hence, a greater percentage of calories from protein. The estimation results were robust when different estimation methods or diet quality measures were used. Future policies for improving diet quality should consider neighborhood-level conditions, especially in rural areas where residents are closely connected and socially interact with one another.
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Afonso C, Cardoso C, Gomes-Bispo A, Ferreira I, Rego A, Coelho I, Motta C, Prates J, Castanheira I, Bandarra N. Fatty Acids, Selenium, and Vitamin B12 in Chub Mackerel (Scomber colias) as Nourishment Considering Seasonality and Bioaccessibility as Factors. Food Chem 2022; 403:134455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Garland J, Irvine R. A Guide to the Postmortem Investigation of Starvation in Adults. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2022; 43:205-214. [PMID: 35588207 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Starvation is a rare cause of death in developed countries and is a complex multifaceted pathological process. To complicate the forensic investigation of starvation further, many medical conditions independent of starvation may cause wasting. This article provides one of the first comprehensive guides to the postmortem investigation of starvation in adults, with reference tables on organ-specific macroscopic and microscopic features, as well as features for excluding alternative causes of wasting. The eclectic literature on this complex topic is summarized in an accessible and easily referenced format, including mechanisms of death and ancillary postmortem investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Garland
- From the Forensic and Analytical Science Service, NSW Health Pathology, New South Wales, Lidcombe, Australia
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Villar F, Chacur K, Serrat R, Celdrán M. Resistance to Eating in People with Dementia Living in Long-term Care Facilities: Gaps between Common and Good Practices. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:859-869. [PMID: 34100339 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1933292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to explore the perception of common and best practices for dealing with resistance to eating of persons with dementia living in long-term care facilities. METHODS Forty-two staff members working in long-term care facilities were interviewed. They worked in four Spanish long-term care facilities; 21 were nursing assistants and 21 technical staff. Participants heard a vignette in which person with dementia showed resistance to eating. Participants were asked how a situation like that is commonly managed by their workmates, and how the situation should be managed. Responses were content-analyzed. RESULTS Strategies mentioned by participants were quite diverse and did not converge on common ground that harmonizes their responses. Less than half of the participants considered person-centered strategies as a best practice. Those strategies were lower on assistant carers, compared to technical staff. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to eating is a common situation faced by professionals. Nonetheless, there is not a common procedure to deal with this situation. Resistance to eating was seen more as a problem to be eradicated than a behavior to be understood. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Staff development initiatives are necessary in relation to mealtime situations. They should consider work position and competencies needed by assistant carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Villar
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karima Chacur
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Serrat
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Celdrán
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jung D, Choi E, Yoo L, Lee H. Development of mealtime difficulty scale for older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:518. [PMID: 35751034 PMCID: PMC9229116 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In older patients with dementia, functional dependence on individuals affects their eating behavior, leading to difficulties with meals. In addition to individual factors, several social, cultural, and environmental factors influence mealtime difficulties in older individuals with dementia. Therefore, a measure is required to evaluate the difficulty of eating, considering the different interacting phenomena. METHODS Mealtime Difficulties Scale for older adults with Dementia (MDSD) was developed through a literature review. A pilot test was undertaken to confirm the meaning of the items and the relevance of mealtime difficulties for older patients with dementia. A panel of six experts examined the content validity of the MDSD. Convenience sampling was used to recruit direct care workers from long-term care facilities, of which 150 were recruited for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 208 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS The final version of the MDSD included 19 items, with a Cronbach's α of 0.91. The EFA identified three factors ("functional," "caregiving," and "behavioral") that account for 54.6% of the total variance. The CFA confirmed the validity of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS Evidence to substantiate the validity and reliability of MDSD was found. While this tool has limitations in that it does not ensure convergent validity, it can be considered significant as it can assess the mealtime difficulty among older patients with dementia from different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukyoo Jung
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Choi
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Leeho Yoo
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesoon Lee
- Department of Nursing, Semyung University, 65, Semyeong-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 27136 Republic of Korea
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29
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Shea MK, Korat AVA, Jacques PF, Sebastiani P, Cohen R, LaVertu AE, Booth SL. Leveraging Observational Cohorts to Study Diet and Nutrition in Older Adults: Opportunities and Obstacles. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1652-1668. [PMID: 35362509 PMCID: PMC9526832 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
By 2060, the number of adults aged ≥65 y is expected to double, and the ≥85 y segment of the population is expected to triple in the United States. US federal nutrition guidance is based on the premise that healthy diets contribute to delaying the onset and progression of many age-related diseases and disability. Yet, little is known about the dietary intakes or nutritional needs across the older adulthood age span. This review aims to identify community-based cohorts that collected information on dietary intake of adults ≥65 y in the United States. Thirty-two cohorts met all inclusion criteria. We summarized information on the cohorts' design, demographics, and diet assessment. We also identified key gaps in the existing databases that, if filled, could enhance their utility to address certain research questions. This review serves as a valuable inventory of cohorts that can be leveraged to answer key questions about the diet and nutritional needs of the oldest old, who represent the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul F Jacques
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Cohen
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E LaVertu
- Hirsh Health Sciences Library, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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KejŽar A, Rihter L, Sajovic J, Drevenšek G. Nutrition and Congruent Care Improve Wellbeing of Residents With Dementia in Slovenian Care Homes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:796031. [PMID: 35308276 PMCID: PMC8931699 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCurrent nutritional strategies for people with dementia focus on nutritional diets and regimens, although in recent years congruent care for people with dementia has been increasingly recognized to improve their wellbeing. This includes consistency of care, respecting the variability of psycho-sociological factors, emphasizing the importance of participation in activities, and congruence with the individual's needs and capabilities. When applied to the nutritional aspects of care, it aims to empower people with dementia to have an active role in their care and during meals. Congruent care has previously shown promising results in improving the quality of life of residents, reducing the incidence of negative social interactions and daily intake of medicines.MethodsA mixed methods qualitative-quantitative study was carried out. Out of 102 residential care homes for the elderly in Slovenia, a non-random sample of homes was selected. Seven homes that have implemented congruent care and five who have not implemented it agreed to participate. Content analysis of the transcripts of focus group interviews was carried out, to establish how the congruent care model was included into their everyday practice of care for people with dementia. Qualitative comparative analysis was used to describe the differences in the practice of care between the two groups of homes, in the fields of nutritional and general care. Frequencies and assigned importance of statements relating to different aspects of nutritional care were statistically compared.ResultsThe introduction of congruent care improved the wellbeing of the people with dementia, as observed by caregivers. The homes that had implemented congruent care gave more attention to the food choice aspects of nutritional care (p = 0.0474, 95%CICongruent = 50.77–72.35%, 95%CINon−congruent = 27.65–49.23%), while the homes that had not were more attentive to the dietary intake aspects (p = 0.0067, 95%CICongruent = 22.79–44.74%, 95%CINon−congruent = 55.26–77.21%). In the homes for the elderly that had implemented congruent care, both caregivers and management reported that the frequency of use of pro re nata medication decreased, which is supported by the results of the linear regression (R2adjusted =78.4, p = 0.005), although the data available is limited.ConclusionFirst, the people with dementia in the care homes that had implemented congruent care were observed to have improved in mood, attitudes toward eating and wellbeing, as reported by caregivers. Second, the implementation of congruent care was well received by the management and caregivers of the care homes. A model of implementation of congruent nutritional care for people with dementia is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija KejŽar
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Liljana Rihter
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Sajovic
- Department of Stomatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Drevenšek
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Gorazd Drevenšek
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Richard EL, McEvoy LK, Cao SY, Oren E, Alcaraz JE, LaCroix AZ, Salem RM. Biomarkers of kidney function and cognitive ability: A Mendelian randomization study. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:118071. [PMID: 34534883 PMCID: PMC8635776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and serum uric acid (SUA) are markers of kidney function that have been associated with cognitive ability. However, whether these associations are causal is unclear. METHODS We performed one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the effects of kidney function markers on cognitive performance using data from the UK Biobank. Polygenic scores for SUA, urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine (eGFRcre) and serum cystatin C (eGFRcys) were used as instrumental variables, and cognitive function outcomes included tests of verbal-numeric reasoning, reaction time, visual memory, and numeric memory. RESULTS We found no evidence of a causal effect of genetically determined SUA, eGFRcre or eGFRcys on cognitive function outcomes. There was no association between a polygenic score for ACR and verbal-numeric reasoning or numeric memory. However, there was suggestive evidence of a relationship between genetically increased ACR and slower reaction time and worse visual memory. ACR was no longer significantly associated with visual memory in analyses using an unweighted polygenic score and in analyses stratified by sex and age category. Pleiotropy adjusted estimates were directionally consistent with those of the principal analysis but overlapped with the null. CONCLUSIONS This MR study does not support causal effects of SUA, eGFRcre or eGFRcys on cognitive performance. Genetically increased ACR was associated with slower processing speed and visual memory, but results need confirmation in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Richard
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven Y Cao
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eyal Oren
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John E Alcaraz
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rany M Salem
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Shao T, Verma HK, Pande B, Costanzo V, Ye W, Cai Y, Bhaskar LVKS. Physical Activity and Nutritional Influence on Immune Function: An Important Strategy to Improve Immunity and Health Status. Front Physiol 2021; 12:751374. [PMID: 34690818 PMCID: PMC8531728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.751374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are the essential components of a healthy lifestyle, as they can influence energy balance, promote functional ability of various systems and improve immunity. Infections and their associated symptoms are the common and frequent challenges to human health that are causing severe economic and social consequences around the world. During aging, human immune system undergoes dramatic aging-related changes/dysfunctions known as immunosenescence. Clinically, immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of immune system that increases exposure to infections, and reduces vaccine efficacy. Such phenomenon is linked to impaired immune responses that lead to dysfunction of multiple organs, while lack of physical activity, progressive loss of muscle mass, and concomitant decline in muscle strength facilitate immunosenescence and inflammation. In the present review, we have discussed the role of nutrition and PA, which can boost the immune system alone and synergistically. Evidence suggests that long-term PA is beneficial in improving immune system and preventing various infections. We have further discussed several nutritional strategies for improving the immune system. Unfortunately, the available evidence shows conflicting results. In terms of interaction with food intake, PA does not tend to increase energy intake during a short time course. However, overcoming nutritional deficiencies appears to be the most practical recommendation. Through the balanced nutritious diet intake one can fulfill the bodily requirement of optimal nutrition that significantly impacts the immune system. Supplementation of a single nutrient as food is generally not advisable. Rather incorporating various fruits and vegetables, whole grains, proteins and probiotics may ensure adequate nutrient intake. Therefore, multi-nutrient supplements may benefit people having deficiency in spite of sufficient diet. Along with PA, supplementation of probiotics, bovine colostrum, plant-derived products and functional foods may provide additional benefits in improving the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Shao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, India
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Weibing Ye
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuyan Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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