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Pozzo LD, Xu Z, Lin S, Wang J, Wang Y, Enechojo OS, Abankwah JK, Peng Y, Chu X, Zhou H, Bian Y. Role of epigenetics in the regulation of skin aging and geroprotective intervention: A new sight. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116592. [PMID: 38615608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple epigenetic factors play a regulatory role in maintaining the homeostasis of cutaneous components and are implicated in the aging process of the skin. They have been associated with the activation of the senescence program, which is the primary contributor to age-related decline in the skin. Senescent species drive a series of interconnected processes that impact the immediate surroundings, leading to structural changes, diminished functionality, and heightened vulnerability to infections. Geroprotective medicines that may restore the epigenetic balance represent valid therapeutic alliances against skin aging. Most of them are well-known Western medications such as metformin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), rapamycin, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, while others belong to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remedies for which the scientific literature provides limited information. With the help of the Geroprotectors.org database and a comprehensive analysis of the referenced literature, we have compiled data on compounds and formulae that have shown potential in preventing skin aging and have been identified as epigenetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dal Pozzo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shan Lin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jida Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ogbe Susan Enechojo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Joseph Kofi Abankwah
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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2
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Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mostashari P, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Sesame Seeds: A Nutrient-Rich Superfood. Foods 2024; 13:1153. [PMID: 38672826 PMCID: PMC11049391 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) have been cultivated for thousands of years and have long been celebrated for their culinary versatility. Beyond their delightful nutty flavor and crunchy texture, sesame seeds have also gained recognition for their remarkable health benefits. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the numerous ways in which sesame seeds contribute to overall well-being. Sesame seeds are a powerhouse of phytochemicals, including lignans derivatives, tocopherol isomers, phytosterols, and phytates, which have been associated with various health benefits, including the preservation of cardiovascular health and the prevention of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain dysfunction. These compounds have also been substantiated for their efficacy in cholesterol management. Their potential as a natural source of beneficial plant compounds is presented in detail. The article further explores the positive impact of sesame seeds on reducing the risk of chronic diseases thanks to their rich polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Nevertheless, it is crucial to remember the significance of maintaining a well-rounded diet to achieve the proper balance of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a balance lacking in sesame seed oil. The significance of bioactive polypeptides derived from sesame seeds is also discussed, shedding light on their applications as nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients. Recognizing the pivotal role of processing methods on sesame seeds, this review discusses how these methods can influence bioactive compounds. While roasting the seeds enhances the antioxidant properties of the oil extract, certain processing techniques may reduce phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mostashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
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Micek A, Jagielski P, Bolesławska I, Witkowska AM, Waśkiewicz A, Wajda Z, Kamińska A, Cebula A, Godos J. Negative Association of Lignan and Phytosterol Intake with Stress Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Polish Study on Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:445. [PMID: 38337729 PMCID: PMC10857242 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing global prevalence of depression and other psychiatric diseases in recent years. Perceived stress has been proven to be associated with psychiatric and somatic symptoms. Some animal and human studies have suggested that consuming foods abundant in lignans and phytosterols may be associated with lower levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. Still, the evidence is not yet strong enough to draw firm conclusions. Thus, we investigated the association between dietary intake of these phytochemicals and the level of stress experienced by adult individuals. METHODS Diet was assessed using self-reported 7-day dietary records. The intakes of lignans and phytosterols were estimated using databases with their content in various food products. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was implemented to measure the level of perceived stress. A logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations. RESULTS The odds of elevated PSS were negatively associated with dietary intake of total phytosterols, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, with evidence of a decreasing trend across tertiles of phytochemicals. The analysis for doubling the intake reinforced the aforementioned relationships and found protective effects against PSS for total lignans, pinoresinol, and campesterol. CONCLUSIONS Habitual inclusion of lignans and phytosterols in the diet may play a role in psychological health. To address the global outbreak of depression and other mental health issues triggered by stress, it is important to take a holistic approach. There is a need to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment, among which certain dietary interventions such as consumption of products abundant in lignans and phytosterols may play a substantial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Statistical Laboratory, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Waśkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Wajda
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Kamińska
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Aneta Cebula
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Vigne S, Pot C. Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:231-260. [PMID: 38036883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is easily oxidized and can be transformed into numerous oxidation products, among which oxysterols. Phytosterols are plant sterols related to cholesterol. Both oxysterols and phytosterols can have an impact on human health and diseases.Cholesterol is a member of the sterol family that plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized into several molecules including bile acids, hormones, and oxysterols. On the other hand, phytosterols are plant-derived compounds structurally related to cholesterol, which can also have an impact on human health. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of oxysterols and phytosterols on human health and focus on the impact of their pathways on diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), vascular diseases, and cancer in both experimental models and human studies. We will first discuss the implications of oxysterols and then of phytosterols in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Vigne
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Anggreini P, Kuncoro H, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Molecular Docking Study of Phytosterols in Lygodium microphyllum Towards SIRT1 and AMPK, the in vitro Brine Shrimp Toxicity Test, and the Phenols and Sterols Levels in the Extract. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:513-527. [PMID: 38148923 PMCID: PMC10751218 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s438435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lygodium microphyllum is a fern plant with various pharmacological activities, and phytosterols were reported contained in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Phytosterols are known to inhibit steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the key proteins that control lipogenesis. However, information about L. microphyllum on SIRT1 and AMPK is still lacking. Purpose This study aims to investigate the binding mode of phytosterols in L. microphyllum extract towards AMPK and SIRT1, and the toxicity of the extract against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and to determine the phenols and sterols levels in the extract. Methods The molecular docking was performed towards SIRT1 and AMPK using AutoDock v4.2.6, the toxicity of the extract was assayed against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and the phytosterols were analyzed by employing a thin layer chromatography densitometry, and the total phenols were by spectrophotometry. Results The molecular docking study revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol could occupy the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK by binding to important residues similar to the protein's activators. The cold extraction of the plant yields 15.86% w/w. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The total phenols are equivalent to 126 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g dry extract, the total sterols are 954.04 µg/g, and the β-sitosterol level is 283.55 µg/g. The LC50 value of the extract towards A. salina larvae is 203.704 ppm. Conclusion Lygodium microphyllum extract may have the potential to be further explored for its pharmacology activities, particularly in the discovery of plant-based anti-dyslipidemic drug candidates. However, further studies are needed to confirm their roles in alleviating lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anggreini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
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7
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Miao L, Meng Z, Gu N, Song G. Stigmasterol alleviates allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma mice through inhibiting substance-P receptor. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:449-458. [PMID: 36788676 PMCID: PMC9930798 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2173252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stigmasterol has significant anti-arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects, but its role in immune and inflammatory diseases is still unclear. OBJECTIVE The potential advantages of stigmasterol in asthma were explored in IL-13-induced BEAS-2B cells and asthmatic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimal target of stigmasterol was confirmed in asthma. After detecting the cytotoxicity of stigmasterol in BEAS-2B cells, 10 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL stigmasterol were incubated with the BEAS-2B cell model for 48 h, and anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress were verified. Asthmatic mice were induced by OVA and received 100 mg/kg stigmasterol for 7 consecutive days. After 28 days, lung tissues and BAL fluid were collected for the following study. To further verify the role of NK1-R, 0.1 μM WIN62577 (NK1-R specific antagonist), and 1 μM recombinant human NK1-R protein were applied. RESULTS NK1-R was the potential target of stigmasterol. When the concentration of stigmasterol is 20 μg/mL, the survival rate of BEAS-2B cells is about 98.4%, which is non-toxic. Stigmasterol exerted anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress in a dose-dependent manner and decreased NK1-R expression in IL-13-induced BEAS-2B. Meanwhile, in vivo assay also indicated the anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress of stigmasterol after OVA challenge. Stigmasterol inhibited inflammation infiltration and mucus hypersecretion, and NK1-R expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of stigmaterol on asthma and its underlying mechanism have been discussed in depth, providing a theoretical basis and more possibilities for its treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Zhang
- Department of Material supply, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chonghong Zhang
- Department of Material supply, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Cardiology, First Ward, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zimin Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Guifang Song
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Apiraksattayakul S, Pingaew R, Leechaisit R, Prachayasittikul V, Ruankham W, Songtawee N, Tantimongcolwat T, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Phopin K. Aminochalcones Attenuate Neuronal Cell Death under Oxidative Damage via Sirtuin 1 Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33367-33379. [PMID: 37744807 PMCID: PMC10515382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Encouraged by the lack of effective treatments and the dramatic growth in the global prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases along with various pharmacological properties of chalcone pharmacophores, this study focused on the development of aminochalcone-based compounds, organic molecules characterized by a chalcone backbone (consisting of two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system) with an amino group attached to one of the aromatic rings, as potential neuroprotective agents. Thus, the aminochalcone-based compounds in this study were designed by bearing a -OCH3 moiety at different positions on the ring and synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The compounds exhibited strong neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal death in the human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line (i.e., by improving cell survival, reducing reactive oxygen species production, maintaining mitochondrial function, and preventing cell membrane damage). The aminochalcone-based compounds showed mild toxicity toward a normal embryonic lung cell line (MRC-5) and a human neuroblastoma cell line, and were predicted to have preferable pharmacokinetic profiles with potential for oral administration. Molecular docking simulation indicated that the studied aminochalcones may act as competitive activators of the well-known protective protein, SIRT1, and provided beneficial knowledge regarding the essential key chemical moieties and interacting amino acid residues. Collectively, this work provides a series of four promising candidate agents that could be developed for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setthawut Apiraksattayakul
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Ronnakorn Leechaisit
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Waralee Ruankham
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tanawut Tantimongcolwat
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, and Program
in Chemical Science, Chulabhorn Graduate
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of
Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission
on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Rashid PT, Hossain MJ, Zahan MS, Hasan CM, Rashid MA, Al-Mansur MA, Haque MR. Chemico-pharmacological and computational studies of Ophiorrhiza fasciculata D. Don and Psychotria silhetensis Hook. f. focusing cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20100. [PMID: 37809757 PMCID: PMC10559867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study sought to examine the pharmacological potentials of crude methanolic extracts of Ophiorrhiza fasciculata and Psychotria silhetensis, as well as their various solvent fractionates, with a focus on cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities via in vitro and in silico approaches. The extensive chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed and characterized two compounds as (±)-licarin B (1) and stigmasterol (2) from O. fasciculata and P. silhetensis, respectively. Petroleum ether soluble fraction of O. fasciculata and the aqueous soluble fraction of P. silhetensis showed the lowest 50% lethal concentrations (1.41 and 1.94 μg/mL, respectively) in brine shrimp bioassay. Likewise, petroleum ether soluble fraction of O. fasciculata and aqueous soluble fraction of P. silhetensis showed the highest thrombolytic activity with 46.66% and 50.10% lyses of the clot, respectively. The methanol and dichloromethane soluble fractions of O. fasciculata reduced erythrocyte hemolysis by 64.03% and 37.08%, respectively, under hypotonic and heat-induced conditions, compared to 81.97% and 42.12% for standard acetylsalicylic acid. In antioxidant activity test, aqueous soluble fraction O. fasciculata (IC50 = 7.22 μg/mL) revealed promising antioxidant potentialities in comparison to standard butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 21.20 μg/mL). In antibacterial screening, chloroform, and dichloromethane soluble fractions of P. silhetensis showed a mild antibacterial activity compared with the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the molecular docking study corroborated the current in vitro findings, and the isolated two constituents had higher binding affinities toward epidermal growth factor receptor, tissue plasminogen activator, vFLIP-IKK gamma stapled peptide dimer, glutathione reductase, and dihydrofolate reductase enzyme than their corresponding standard drugs. In addition, the both isolated compounds exerted favorable pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and toxicological profiles with drug-like qualities in computational-based ADMET and drug likeliness analyses. The current research suggests that both plants have potential as a natural treatment for treating thrombosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, more thorough research is required to thoroughly screen for phytochemicals and pinpoint the precise mechanisms of action of the bioactive metabolites derived from these plants against a broad range of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tamannur Rashid
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Miss Sharmin Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rashedul Haque
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Ouyang L, Fan Z, He Y, Tan L, Deng G, He Q, He Y, Ouyang T, Li C, Zhang Q, Liu H, Zuo Y. 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and corylifol A: The potential hepatotoxic components of Psoralea corylifolia L. Toxicol Lett 2023; 385:31-41. [PMID: 37598872 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Psoralea corylifolia L. (P. corylifolia) has attracted increasing attention because of its potential hepatotoxicity. In this study, we used network analysis (toxic component and hepatotoxic target prediction, proteinprotein interaction, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and molecular docking) to predict the components and mechanism of P. corylifolia-induced hepatotoxicity and then selected 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and corylifol A for experimental verification. HepG2 cells were treated with low, medium, and high concentrations of 4-hydroxylonchocarpin or corylifol A. The activities of ALT, AST, and LDH in cell culture media and the MDA level, SOD activity, and GSH level in cell extracts were measured. Moreover, apoptosis, ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. The results showed that the activities of ALT, AST, and LDH in the culture medium increased, and hepatocyte apoptosis increased. The level of MDA increased, and the activity of SOD and level of GSH decreased, and the ROS level increased with 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and corylifol A intervention. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in the 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and corylifol A groups. This study suggests that 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and corylifol A cause hepatocyte injury and apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that these compounds may be the potential hepatotoxic components of P. corylifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Yizhang County, Chenzhou, China
| | - Guoyan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yiran He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Congjie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Yajie Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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11
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Xuan X, Zhang S. Exploring the active ingredients and mechanism of Shenzhi Tongxin capsule against microvascular angina based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34190. [PMID: 37390241 PMCID: PMC10313304 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular angina (MVA) substantially threatens human health, and the Shenzhi Tongxin (SZTX) capsule demonstrates a remarkable cardioprotective effect, making it a potential treatment option for MVA. However, the precise mechanism of action for this medication remains unclear. This study utilized network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to investigate the active components and potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of the SZTX capsule in alleviating MVA. METHODS The main ingredients of the SZTX capsule, along with their targets proteins and potential disease targets associated with MVA, were extracted from public available databases. This study utilized the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to establish a protein-protein interaction network and determine key signaling pathway targets. Subsequently, the DAVID database was utilized to conduct Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses on the intersection targets. To further investigate the molecular interactions, Autodock and PyMOL software were employed to perform molecular docking and visualize the resulting outcomes. RESULTS A total of 130 and 142 bioactive ingredients and intersection targets were identified respectively. Six core targets were obtained through protein-protein interaction network analysis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 610 biological processes, 75 cellular components, and 92 molecular functions were involved. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that SZTX capsule molecular mechanism in the treatment of MVA may be related to several pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and others. The results of molecular docking showed that the 7 key active ingredients of SZTX capsule had good binding ability to 6 core proteins. CONCLUSION SZTX capsule potentially exerts its effects by targeting multiple signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. This multi-target approach enables SZTX capsule to inhibit inflammation, alleviate oxidative stress, regulate angiogenesis, and enhance endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xuan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Lee EG, Leong L, Chen S, Tulloch J, Yu CE. APOE Locus-Associated Mitochondrial Function and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10440. [PMID: 37445616 PMCID: PMC10341489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus has garnered significant clinical interest because of its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and longevity. This genetic association appears across multiple genes in the APOE locus. Despite the apparent differences between AD and longevity, both conditions share a commonality of aging-related changes in mitochondrial function. This commonality is likely due to accumulative biological effects partly exerted by the APOE locus. In this study, we investigated changes in mitochondrial structure/function-related markers using oxidative stress-induced human cellular models and postmortem brains (PMBs) from individuals with AD and normal controls. Our results reveal a range of expressional alterations, either upregulated or downregulated, in these genes in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, we consistently observed an upregulation of multiple APOE locus genes in all cellular models and AD PMBs. Additionally, the effects of AD status on mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) varied depending on APOE genotype. Our findings imply a potential coregulation of APOE locus genes possibly occurring within the same topologically associating domain (TAD) of the 3D chromosome conformation. The coordinated expression of APOE locus genes could impact mitochondrial function, contributing to the development of AD or longevity. Our study underscores the significant role of the APOE locus in modulating mitochondrial function and provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and aging, emphasizing the importance of this locus in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyung Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Lesley Leong
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jessica Tulloch
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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13
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Park HR, Lee H, Cho WK, Ma JY. Pro-neurogenic effects of Lilii Bulbus on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114951. [PMID: 37267636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lilii Bulbus, the bulb of tiger lily, has anti-oxidant and anti-tumorigenic properties. However, the effects of Lilii Bulbus on learning, memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. This study investigated whether water extract of Lilii Bulbus (WELB) affects memory ability and hippocampal neurogenesis. Behavioral analyses (Morris water maze and passive avoidance test), immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation assay, and immunoblot analysis were performed. WELB (50 and 100 mg/kg; for 14 days) enhanced memory retention and spatial memory in normal mice as well as in scopolamine-treated mice with memory deficits. Furthermore, the administration of WELB significantly increased the number of proliferating cells and surviving newborn cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in normal mice. We found that WELB has a pro-neurogenic effect by increasing the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) in the hippocampus. Moreover, we confirmed that WELB (100 and 200 μg/ml) significantly increased NE-4 C and primary embryonic NSCs proliferation. Inhibition/knockdown of MEK/ERK blocked WELB-induced MEK/ERK phosphorylation and NSCs proliferation. Hence, MEK/ERK activation was required in WELB-induced NSCs proliferation. Our study demonstrates the first evidence for WELB promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and memory; pro-neurogenic activity may enhance brain plasticity, with implications for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ra Park
- Department of KM Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeeun Lee
- Kine Sciences Inc., 24, Eonju-ro85gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhang C, Gai J, Fan X, Lei J, Tang J. Exploring the molecular mechanism of Nux Vomica in treating ischemic stroke using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33625. [PMID: 37083769 PMCID: PMC10118373 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nux Vomica (NV) has the effects of dredging collaterals, relieving pain, dispersing knots, and detumescence, and has a verified effect in treating ischemic stroke (IS), but its molecular mechanism for treating IS remains unclear. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were adopted to explore the pharmacological mechanism of NV in treating IS. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and the HERB database were searched to screen the active components and targets of NV. IS disease targets were retrieved from the DisGeNET, DrugBank, GeneCards, and Therapeutic Target Database. Venn diagram and intersection targets were obtained from the Venny website. Subsequently, the STRING database was employed to analyze the interrelationship of the intersection targets. Metascape database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of intersection targets. Furthermore, Cytoscape was employed to plot a drug-component-target network, and other networks, and molecular docking method was adopted to predict the effective components and targets of NV for treating IS. RESULTS A total of 14 active compounds and 59 targets of NV were screened, of which 35 targets were related to IS. Stigmasterol, brucine, isobrucine, isostrychnine N-oxide (I), (S)-stylopine, icaride A, and (2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one were the main active ingredients, and SLC6A4, NR3C1, SLC6A3, HTR3A, CHRNA7, MAOA, PTGS2, ESR1, catalase (CAT), ADRB2, and AR were the core targets. Molecular docking shows that these compounds bind well to the core targets. In addition, the treatment of IS by NV may mainly involve salivary secretion, serotonergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that NV exerts its therapeutic effect on IS through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway, which provides a basis for clinical treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jialin Gai
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junfang Lei
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiqin Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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15
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Tossetta G, Marzioni D. Targeting the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in cervical and endometrial cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175503. [PMID: 36641100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical and endometrial cancers are among the most dangerous gynaecological malignancies, with high fatality and recurrence rates due to frequent diagnosis at an advanced stage and chemoresistance onset. The NRF2/KEAP1 signalling pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NRF2, activated by ROS, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase which neutralize ROS, protecting cells against oxidative stress damage. However, activation of NRF2/KEAP1 signalling in cancer cells results in chemoresistance, inactivating drug-mediated oxidative stress and protecting cancer cells from drug-induced cell death. We review the literature on the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in cervical and endometrial cancers, with a focus on the expression of its components and downstream genes. We also examine the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in chemotherapy resistance and how this pathway can be modulated by natural and synthetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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16
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Stigmasterol protects human brain microvessel endothelial cells against ischemia-reperfusion injury through suppressing EPHA2 phosphorylation. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:127-135. [PMID: 36871980 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Stigmasterol is a plant sterol with anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect through multiple mechanisms. In this study, we further assessed whether it exerts protective effect on human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) against ischemia-reperfusion injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. HBMECs were used to establish an in vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model, while a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats were constructed. The interaction between stigmasterol and EPHA2 was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). The results showed that 10 μmol·L-1 stigmasterol significantly protected cell viability, alleviated the loss of tight junction proteins and attenuated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage induced by OGD/R in thein vitro model. Subsequent molecular docking showed that stigmasterol might interact with EPHA2 at multiple sites, including T692, a critical gatekeep residue of this receptor. Exogenous ephrin-A1 (an EPHA2 ligand) exacerbated OGD/R-induced EPHA2 phosphorylation at S897, facilitated ZO-1/claudin-5 loss, and promoted BBB leakage in vitro, which were significantly attenuated after stigmasterol treatment. The rat MCAO model confirmed these protective effects in vivo. In summary, these findings suggest that stigmasterol protects HBMECs against ischemia-reperfusion injury by maintaining cell viability, reducing the loss of tight junction proteins, and attenuating the BBB damage. These protective effects are at least meditated by its interaction with EPHA2 and inhibitory effect on EPHA2 phosphorylation.
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17
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The Effective Components, Core Targets, and Key Pathways of Ginseng against Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:9935942. [PMID: 36726526 PMCID: PMC9886485 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9935942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (ginseng) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of ginseng involved in AD have not been systematically investigated. Here, a network pharmacology approach was adopted to explore the effective components, core targets, and key pathways of ginseng against AD. Methods TCMSP database was used to screen the active ingredients of ginseng. Prediction of the targets of ginseng and AD-related genes was performed using online public databases. "Compound-Target," "Compound-Target-Disease," "Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI)," "Compound-Target-Pathway," and "Compound-Target-GO-Pathway" networks were constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed by using the DAVID database. Results A total of 22 bioactive compounds were identified from ginseng, and 481 targets of ginseng and 763 AD-related targets were obtained from public databases. The PPI network screened out 19 hub genes of ginseng against AD. According to GO function enrichment, ginseng influenced cell proliferation, death, the nitric oxide biosynthetic process, hypoxia response, and synaptic transmission. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, calcium signaling, cAMP signaling, FoxO signaling, Ras signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling were among the most key regulatory pathways. The compound-target-GO-route network found EGFR, MAPK1, MAPK14, AKT1, CASP3, and PRKACA as key genes, with PI3K-AKT signaling being the most important pathway for ginseng's anti-AD activity. Conclusion Ginseng exerts neuroprotective effects in AD patients through multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway modes, providing novel insight into the pharmacological and experimental research on ginseng against AD.
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18
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Zhan N, Wang B, Martens N, Liu Y, Zhao S, Voortman G, van Rooij J, Leijten F, Vanmierlo T, Kuipers F, Jonker JW, Bloks VW, Lütjohann D, Palumbo M, Zimetti F, Adorni MP, Liu H, Mulder MT. Identification of Side Chain Oxidized Sterols as Novel Liver X Receptor Agonists with Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021290. [PMID: 36674804 PMCID: PMC9863018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors-liver X receptors (LXR α and β) are potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases because of their key role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Specific oxy(phyto)sterols differentially modulate the transcriptional activity of LXRs providing opportunities to develop compounds with improved therapeutic characteristics. We isolated oxyphytosterols from Sargassum fusiforme and synthesized sidechain oxidized sterol derivatives. Five 24-oxidized sterols demonstrated a high potency for LXRα/β activation in luciferase reporter assays and induction of LXR-target genes APOE, ABCA1 and ABCG1 involved in cellular cholesterol turnover in cultured cells: methyl 3β-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oate (S1), methyl (3β)-3-aldehydeoxychol-5-en-24-oate (S2), 24-ketocholesterol (S6), (3β,22E)-3-hydroxycholesta-5,22-dien-24-one (N10) and fucosterol-24,28 epoxide (N12). These compounds induced SREBF1 but not SREBP1c-mediated lipogenic genes such as SCD1, ACACA and FASN in HepG2 cells or astrocytoma cells. Moreover, S2 and S6 enhanced cholesterol efflux from HepG2 cells. All five oxysterols induced production of the endogenous LXR agonists 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol by upregulating the CYP46A1, encoding the enzyme converting cholesterol into 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol; S1 and S6 may also act via the upregulation of desmosterol production. Thus, we identified five novel LXR-activating 24-oxidized sterols with a potential for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Yankai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shangge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gardi Voortman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcella Palumbo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (M.T.M.)
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Vyas R, Kesari KK, Lukac N, Slama P, Roychoudhury S, Sisodia R. Radical scavenging activity of Chlorophytum borivilianum L. root extract and its protective role in cauda epididymal sperm integrity in Mus musculus after gamma irradiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1064574. [PMID: 37025174 PMCID: PMC10070789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1064574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chlorophytum borivilianum L. is a recognized herbal medicine for the management of impotency in South Asian countries. In Ayurveda, it is used for the management of multiple health conditions, including diabetes, infection, and cardiovascular diseases. Parts of the plant have been used as excellent antioxidants and scavengers of free radicals. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in spermatogenesis and fertility in male populations, this study evaluated the role of ethanolic extract of C. borivilianum roots in epididymal sperm maturation against adversities posed by ionizing gamma irradiation. Materials and methods: Antioxidant potential of C. borivilianum root extract (CRE) was evaluated through DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) and NO (nitric oxide) scavenging assays. Four groups of healthy Swiss albino mice were constituted, which were labeled as follows: Group I: sham control, Group II: 7-day pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg CRE, Group III: 6 Gy irradiation without pre-treatment, and Group IV: 7-day pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg CRE and 6 Gy irradiation on day 7. Swiss albino mice were observed for 30 days and later sacrificed to evaluate sperm quality parameters. Results: CRE showed a remarkable antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 46.37 μg/ml and 98.39 μg/ml for DPPH and NO, respectively. A significant decline (p < 0.001) in cauda epididymal sperm count, motility, and viability was observed in Group III animals. Group IV also showed a substantial decline (p < 0.01) in all three parameters compared to Group I; nonetheless, these were significantly higher than Group III. Morphological alterations indicated a coiled and bent tail, with the presence of cytoplasmic droplets in Group III, which declined substantially in Group IV. The ultrastructure of sperm indicated higher curvature of hook in Group III than Group IV, indicating specific interferences in the sperm maturation process. Conclusion: It was concluded that pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg body weight of CRE could protect sperm during epididymal maturation against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Vyas
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- *Correspondence: Kavindra Kumar Kesari, ; Petr Slama, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, ; Rashmi Sisodia,
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Kavindra Kumar Kesari, ; Petr Slama, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, ; Rashmi Sisodia,
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
- *Correspondence: Kavindra Kumar Kesari, ; Petr Slama, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, ; Rashmi Sisodia,
| | - Rashmi Sisodia
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- *Correspondence: Kavindra Kumar Kesari, ; Petr Slama, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, ; Rashmi Sisodia,
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Mechanistic Insights into the Neuroprotective Potential of Sacred Ficus Trees. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224731. [PMID: 36432418 PMCID: PMC9695857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus religiosa (Bo tree or sacred fig) and Ficus benghalensis (Indian banyan) are of immense spiritual and therapeutic importance. Various parts of these trees have been investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, dermoprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Previous reviews of Ficus mostly discussed traditional usages, photochemistry, and pharmacological activities, though comprehensive reviews of the neuroprotective potential of these Ficus species extracts and/or their important phytocompounds are lacking. The interesting phytocompounds from these trees include many bengalenosides, carotenoids, flavonoids (leucopelargonidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, leucopelargonidin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, lupeol, cetyl behenate, and α-amyrin acetate), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin), leucocyanidin, phytosterols (bergapten, bergaptol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), terpenes (α-thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, β-ocimene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, α-humulene, alloaromadendrene, germacrene, γ-cadinene, and δ-cadinene), and diverse polyphenols (tannin, wax, saponin, leucoanthocyanin), contributing significantly to their pharmacological effects, ranging from antimicrobial action to neuroprotection. This review presents extensive mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential, especially important phytochemicals from F. religiosa and F. benghalensis. Owing to the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), the currently existing drugs merely alleviate the symptoms. Hence, bioactive compounds with potent neuroprotective effects through a multitarget approach would be of great interest in developing pharmacophores for the treatment of NDDs.
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Pruchnik H, Włoch A, Gładkowski W, Grudniewska A, Chojnacka A, Krzemiński M, Rudzińska M. Effect of Distigmasterol-Modified Acylglycerols on the Fluidity and Phase Transition of Lipid Model Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12111054. [PMID: 36363609 PMCID: PMC9698068 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterols are known for their health-promoting effects, lowering blood cholesterol levels and alleviating cardiovascular disease. In this work, we continue our research on the asymmetric acylglycerols in which fatty acid residues are replaced by two stigmasterol residues in sn-1 and sn-2 or sn-2 and sn-3 positions as new thermostable carriers of phytosterols for their potential application in foods or as components of new liposomes in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this manuscript was to compare and analyze the effects of four distigmasterol-modified acylglycerols (dStigMAs) on the fluidity and the main phase transition temperature of the model phospholipid membrane. Their properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), steady-state fluorimetry and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The determination of the effect of the tested compounds on the mentioned physicochemical parameters of the model membranes will allow for the determination of their properties and stability, which is essential for their practical application. The results indicated that all compounds effect on the physicochemical properties of the model membrane. The degree of these changes depends on the structure of the compound, especially the type of linker by which stigmasterol is attached to the glycerol backbone, as well as on the type of hydrocarbon chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pruchnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grudniewska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Chojnacka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzemiński
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Bakrim S, Benkhaira N, Bourais I, Benali T, Lee LH, El Omari N, Sheikh RA, Goh KW, Ming LC, Bouyahya A. Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Stigmasterol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1912. [PMID: 36290632 PMCID: PMC9598710 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol is an unsaturated phytosterol belonging to the class of tetracyclic triterpenes. It is one of the most common plant sterols, found in a variety of natural sources, including vegetable fats or oils from many plants. Currently, stigmasterol has been examined via in vitro and in vivo assays and molecular docking for its various biological activities on different metabolic disorders. The findings indicate potent pharmacological effects such as anticancer, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Indeed, stigmasterol from plants and algae is a promising molecule in the development of drugs for cancer therapy by triggering intracellular signaling pathways in numerous cancers. It acts on the Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways in ovarian and gastric cancers. In addition, stigmasterol markedly disrupted angiogenesis in human cholangiocarcinoma by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling down-regulation. The association of stigmasterol and sorafenib promoted caspase-3 activity and down-regulated levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in breast cancer. Antioxidant activities ensuring lipid peroxidation and DNA damage lowering conferred to stigmasterol chemoprotective activities in skin cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation also contributes to the neuroprotective effects of stigmasterol, as well as dopamine depletion and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The anti-inflammatory properties of phytosterols involve the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the decrease in inflammatory mediator release, and the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Stigmasterol exerts anti-diabetic effects by reducing fasting glucose, serum insulin levels, and oral glucose tolerance. Other findings showed the antiparasitic activities of this molecule against certain strains of parasites such as Trypanosoma congolense (in vivo) and on promastigotes and amastigotes of the Leishmania major (in vitro). Some stigmasterol-rich plants were able to inhibit Candida albicans, virusei, and tropicalis at low doses. Accordingly, this review outlines key insights into the pharmacological abilities of stigmasterol and the specific mechanisms of action underlying some of these effects. Additionally, further investigation regarding pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Biotechnologies and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Nesrine Benkhaira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 1975, Morocco
| | - Ilhame Bourais
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
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Pattarachotanant N, Sornkaew N, Warayanon W, Rangsinth P, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Vongthip W, Chuchawankul S, Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T. Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract Ameliorates Glucose-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Improves Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173668. [PMID: 36079924 PMCID: PMC9460374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the important causes of neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec (AC) has been widely used to relieve various health ailments. However, the neuroprotective and anti-aging effects against high glucose induction have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hexane extract of AC leaves (ACH) in vitro using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in vivo using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. SH-SY5Y cells and C. elegans were pre-exposed with high glucose, followed by ACH treatment. To investigate neuroprotective activities, neurite outgrowth and cell cycle progression were determined in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, C. elegans was used to determine ACH effects on antioxidant activity, longevity, and healthspan. In addition, ACH phytochemicals were analyzed and the possible active compounds were identified using a molecular docking study. ACH exerted neuroprotective effects by inducing neurite outgrowth via upregulating growth-associated protein 43 and teneurin-4 expression and normalizing cell cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin D1 and SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, ACH prolonged lifespan, improved body size, body length, and brood size, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in high glucose-induced C. elegans via the activation of gene expression in the DAF-16/FoxO pathway. Finally, phytochemicals of ACH were analyzed and revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were the possible active constituents in inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR). The results of this study establish ACH as an alternative medicine to defend against high glucose effects on neurotoxicity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaporn Pattarachotanant
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watis Warayanon
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wudtipong Vongthip
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-218-1533
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Apiraksattayakul S, Pingaew R, Prachayasittikul V, Ruankham W, Jongwachirachai P, Songtawee N, Suwanjang W, Tantimongcolwat T, Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V, Phopin K. Neuroprotective Properties of Bis-Sulfonamide Derivatives Against 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Model via Sirtuin 1 Activity and in silico Pharmacokinetic Properties. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:890838. [PMID: 35935335 PMCID: PMC9354714 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.890838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the health problems in the aging society. Due to the limitations of currently available drugs in preventing disease progression, the discovery of novel neuroprotective agents has been challenged. Sulfonamide and its derivatives were reported for several biological activities. Herein, a series of 17 bis-sulfonamide derivatives were initially tested for their neuroprotective potential and cytotoxicity against the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neuronal death in SH-SY5Y cells. Subsequently, six compounds (i.e., 2, 4, 11, 14, 15, and 17) were selected for investigations on underlying mechanisms. The data demonstrated that the pretreatment of selected compounds (5 μM) can significantly restore the level of cell viability, protect against mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, decrease the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decrease the intracellular oxidative stress, and enhance the activity of NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Molecular docking was also performed to support that these compounds could act as SIRT1 activators. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile prediction was also conducted for guiding the potential development. Thus, the six neuroprotective bis-sulfonamides were highlighted as potential agents to be further developed for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setthawut Apiraksattayakul
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ratchanok Pingaew
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waralee Ruankham
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papitcha Jongwachirachai
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawut Tantimongcolwat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kamonrat Phopin
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Cui Z, Zhao X, Amevor FK, Du X, Wang Y, Li D, Shu G, Tian Y, Zhao X. Therapeutic application of quercetin in aging-related diseases: SIRT1 as a potential mechanism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943321. [PMID: 35935939 PMCID: PMC9355713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally non-toxic flavonoid within the safe dose range with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, plays an important role in the treatment of aging-related diseases. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of NAD+-dependent deacetylase enzyme family, is extensively explored as a potential therapeutic target for attenuating aging-induced disorders. SIRT1 possess beneficial effects against aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Depression, Osteoporosis, Myocardial ischemia (M/I) and reperfusion (MI/R), Atherosclerosis (AS), and Diabetes. Previous studies have reported that aging increases tissue susceptibility, whereas, SIRT1 regulates cellular senescence and multiple aging-related cellular processes, including SIRT1/Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 and SIRTI/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β mediated oxidative stress, SIRT1/NF-κB and SIRT1/NLRP3 regulated inflammatory response, SIRT1/PGC1α/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and SIRT1/PKD1/CREB controlled phosphorylation, SIRT1-PINK1-Parkin mediated mitochondrial damage, SIRT1/FoxO mediated autophagy, and SIRT1/FoxG1/CREB/BDNF/Trkβ-catenin mediated neuroprotective effects. In this review, we summarized the role of SIRT1 in the improvement of the attenuation effect of quercetin on aging-related diseases and the relationship between relevant signaling pathways regulated by SIRT1. Moreover, the functional regulation of quercetin in aging-related markers such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, mitochondrial function, autophagy and apoptosis through SIRT1 was discussed. Finally, the prospects of an extracellular vesicles (EVs) as quercetin loading and delivery, and SIRT1-mediated EVs as signal carriers for treating aging-related diseases, as well as discussed the ferroptosis alleviation effects of quercetin to protect against aging-related disease via activating SIRT1. Generally, SIRT1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of aging-related diseases via inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory responses, and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Zhao,
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Delving the Role of Caralluma fimbriata: An Edible Wild Plant to Mitigate the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5720372. [PMID: 35770046 PMCID: PMC9236770 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5720372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS), commonly known as syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome, is a collection of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. MS is believed to impact over a billion individuals worldwide. It is a medical condition defined by visceral obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels, according to the World Health Organization. The current dietary trends are more focused on the use of functional foods and nutraceuticals that are well known for their preventive and curative role against such pathological disorders. Caralluma fimbriata is one such medicinal plant that is gaining popularity. It is a wild, edible, succulent roadside shrub with cactus-like leaves. Besides its main nutrient contents, various bioactive constituents have been identified and linked with positive health outcomes of appetite-suppressing, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer potentials. Hence, such properties make C. fimbriata an invaluable plant against MS. The current review compiles recent available literature on C. fimbriata's nutritional composition, safety parameters, and therapeutic potential for MS. Summarized data in this review reveals that C. fimbriata remains a neglected plant with limited food and therapeutic applications. Yet various studies explored here do prove its positive health-ameliorating outcomes.
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Qu S, Qiao M, Wang J, Gao M, Chen D, Li S, Wei E, Guo Y. Network Pharmacology and Data Mining Approach Reveal the Medication Rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:811030. [PMID: 35800440 PMCID: PMC9253672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.811030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by periodic mental and somatic symptoms such as irritability, depression, and breast pain during the luteal phase. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most severe form of PMS. In recent years, the incidence of PMS/PMDD has been increasing year after year. However, due to the complex symptoms and ambiguous classification of PMS/PMDD, the limitations of present treatments, such as their poor efficacy rate, have become increasingly apparent. With its unique benefits such as syndrome differentiation and high cure rate, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has sparked new diagnosing and treating of PMS/PMDD. This study uses data mining methods, and statistical analysis revealed that Xiaoyao San and Chaihu Shugan San were the commonly used TCM to treat PMS/PMDD. A detailed investigation of regularly used single herbs revealed that most TCM is used as cold herbs that penetrate the liver meridian, with predominant bitter, sweet, and pungent flavors. The network pharmacology method analyzes the interactions between diseases, targets, and herbs. Meanwhile, the deep action targets and molecular mechanisms of 10 commonly used herbs for the treatment of PMS/PMDD are studied, revealing that it involves several ingredients, many targets, and different pathways. This interaction provides insight into the mechanism of action of TCM in the synergistic treatment of PMS/PMDD. It is now clear that we can begin treating PMS/PMDD with TCM using the target and mechanism revealed by the abovementioned findings in the future. This serves as an essential reference for future research and clinical application of TCM in the treatment of PMS/PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Qu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhou Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of the Graduate Student, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Enhua Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghui Guo,
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28
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Bragagnolo FS, Álvarez-Rivera G, Breitkreitz MC, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A, Funari CS. Metabolite Profiling of Soy By-Products: A Comprehensive Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7321-7341. [PMID: 35652359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soy is the major oilseed crop as soybeans are widely used to produce biofuel, food, and feed. Other parts of the plant are left on the ground after harvest. The accumulation of such by-products on the soil can cause environmental problems. This work presents for the first time a comprehensive metabolite profiling of soy by-products collected directly from the ground just after mechanical harvesting. A two-liquid-phase extraction using n-heptane and EtOH-H2O 7:3 (v/v) provided extracts with complete characterization by gas chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography both coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 146 metabolites, including flavones, flavonols, isoflavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids, were tentatively identified in soy by-products and soybeans. These proved to be sources of a wide range of bioactive metabolites, thus suggesting that they could be valorized while reducing potential environmental damage in line with a circular economy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez Bragagnolo
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo - 18610-034, Brazil
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo - 18610-034, Brazil
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Gładkowski W, Włoch A, Pruchnik H, Chojnacka A, Grudniewska A, Wysota A, Dunal A, Rubiano Castro D, Rudzińska M. Acylglycerols of Myristic Acid as New Candidates for Effective Stigmasterol Delivery-Design, Synthesis, and the Influence on Physicochemical Properties of Liposomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113406. [PMID: 35684341 PMCID: PMC9182174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New carriers of phytosterols; acylglycerols containing natural myristic acid at sn-1 and sn-3 positions and stigmasterol residue linked to sn-2 position by carbonate and succinate linker have been designed and synthesized in three-step synthesis from dihydroxyacetone (DHA). The synthetic pathway involved Steglich esterification of DHA with myristic acid; reduction of carbonyl group of 1,3-dimyristoylpropanone and esterification of 1,3-dimyristoylglicerol with stigmasterol chloroformate or stigmasterol hemisuccinate. The structure of the obtained hybrids was established by the spectroscopic methods (NMR; IR; HRMS). Obtained hybrid molecules were used to form new liposomes in the mixture with model phospholipid and their effect on their physicochemical properties was determined, including the polarity, fluidity, and main phase transition of liposomes using differential scanning calorimetry and fluorimetric methods. The results confirm the significant effect of both stigmasterol-containing acylglycerols on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic region of liposome membranes. They significantly increase the order in the polar heads of the lipid bilayer and increase the rigidity in the hydrophobic region. Moreover, the presence of both acylglycerols in the membranes shifts the temperature of the main phase transition towards higher temperatures. Our results indicate stabilization of the bilayer over a wide temperature range (above and below the phase transition temperature), which in addition to the beneficial effects of phytosterols on human health makes them more attractive components of novel lipid nanocarriers compared to cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (A.W.); (A.D.); Tel.: +48-71-3205-154 (W.G.); +48-71-3205-461 (A.W.); +48-724-540-245 (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (A.W.); (A.D.); Tel.: +48-71-3205-154 (W.G.); +48-71-3205-461 (A.W.); +48-724-540-245 (A.D.)
| | - Hanna Pruchnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Chojnacka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Grudniewska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Wysota
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Dunal
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.C.); (A.G.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (A.W.); (A.D.); Tel.: +48-71-3205-154 (W.G.); +48-71-3205-461 (A.W.); +48-724-540-245 (A.D.)
| | - Daniel Rubiano Castro
- Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda de Diagonal 643, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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Luo B, Zhou H, Xiao Q, He Y. An exploratory study on the mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in the treatment of neuropathic pain. IBRAIN 2022; 8:127-140. [PMID: 37786887 PMCID: PMC10529154 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) has a definite effect on neuropathic pain (NP), whereas the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. The components and targets in HGWD were collected and identified through System Pharmacology Database (Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform). Genecards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases were used to search for NP-related genes. The Venn diagram was drawn to get the intersection target. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the compound-disease-target-pathway networks. STRING database was applied to analyze protein-protein interaction of potential targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were used to identify the function of genes related to NP. Finally, molecular docking was performed to visualize the binding mode and affinity between proteins and active ingredients. According to the intersection target of the Venn diagram, the network graph is constructed by Cytoscape and the results show the five compounds, β-sitosterol, (+)-catechin, quercetin, Stigmasterol, kaempferol, and 15 genes (CASP3, FOS, GSK3B, HSP90AA1, IKBKB, IL6, MAPK8, RELA, ICAM1, SELE, ELK1, HSPB1, PRKACA, PRKCA, RAF1) were highly correlated with NP. KEGG and GO of 15 genes results that TNF, IL-17 and MAPK signaling pathway were Significantly related to the pathological mechanism of NP. Molecular docking showed that core genes in this network were IL-6 (TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways), ICAM1 (TNF signaling pathway), and CASP3 (three signal pathways). This study found that the five active compounds, three core genes, and three signaling pathways may be the key to the treatment of NP by HGWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Yan Luo
- School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hong‐Su Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Qiu‐Xia Xiao
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yu‐Qi He
- School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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31
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Singla RK, Dhir V, Madaan R, Kumar D, Singh Bola S, Bansal M, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Singla S, Shen B. The Genus Alternanthera: Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:769111. [PMID: 35479320 PMCID: PMC9036189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) comprises 139 species including 14 species used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as hypertension, pain, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, microbial and mental disorders. Aim of the review: To search research gaps through critical assessment of pharmacological activities not performed to validate traditional claims of various species of Alternanthera. This review will aid natural product researchers in identifying Alternanthera species with therapeutic potential for future investigation. Materials and methods: Scattered raw data on ethnopharmacological, morphological, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various species of the genus Alternanthera have been compiled utilizing search engines like SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Open J-Gate for 100 years up to April 2021. Results: Few species of Alternanthera genus have been exhaustively investigated phytochemically, and about 129 chemical constituents related to different classes such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds have been isolated from 9 species. Anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS depressive, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator effects have been explored in the twelve species of the genus. A toxicity study has been conducted on 3 species and a clinical study on 2 species. Conclusions: The available literature on pharmacological studies of Alternanthera species reveals that few species have been selected based on ethnobotanical surveys for scientific validation of their traditional claims. But most of these studies have been conducted on uncharacterized and non-standardized crude extracts. A roadmap of research needs to be developed for the isolation of new bioactive compounds from Alternanthera species, which can emerge out as clinically potential medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dhir
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Civil Hospital, Rampura Phul, India
| | - Simranjit Singh Bola
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Monika Bansal
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
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Colloca A, Balestrieri A, Anastasio C, Balestrieri ML, D’Onofrio N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Chronic Degenerative Diseases: New Metabolic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063212. [PMID: 35328633 PMCID: PMC8949044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) consisting of seven members, widely expressed in mammals. SIRTs mainly participate in metabolic homeostasis, DNA damage repair, cell survival, and differentiation, as well as other cancer-related biological processes. Growing evidence shows that SIRTs have pivotal roles in chronic degenerative diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most frequent malignant disease worldwide. Metabolic alterations are gaining attention in the context of CRC development and progression, with mitochondrion representing a crucial point of complex and intricate molecular mechanisms. Mitochondrial SIRTs, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5, control mitochondrial homeostasis and dynamics. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest advances on the role of mitochondrial SIRTs in the initiation, promotion and progression of CRC. A deeper understanding of the pathways by which mitochondrial SIRTs control CRC metabolism may provide new molecular targets for future innovative strategies for CRC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, U.O.C. Food Control and Food Safety, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
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Sharma N, Tan MA, An SSA. Phytosterols: Potential Metabolic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212255. [PMID: 34830148 PMCID: PMC8618769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols constitute a class of natural products that are an important component of diet and have vast applications in foods, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. With many and diverse isolated structures in nature, they exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. Among over 200 types of phytosterols, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were ubiquitous in many plant species, exhibiting important aspects of activities related to neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this mini-review presented an overview of the reported studies on selected phytosterols related to neurodegenerative diseases. It covered the major phytosterols based on biosynthetic considerations, including other phytosterols with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Sharma
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Mario A. Tan
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-8755
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Srivastava R, Choudhury PK, Dev SK, Rathore V. Neuroprotective effect of α-pinene self-emulsifying nanoformulation against 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity on human SH-SY5Y cells and its in vivo validation for anti-Parkinson's effect. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22902. [PMID: 34464010 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the multifaceted pathogenic paradigm of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). Monoterpenes like α-pinene (ALP) is considered to be a therapeutically potent antioxidant agent able to attenuate and scavenge various reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effect of α-pinene self-emulsifying nanoformulation (ALP-SENF) for PD. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was done to evaluate the neurotoxic dose of the ALP-SENF; however, the neuroprotective effect was assessed by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced neurotoxicity model on SH-SY5Y taking NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine) as standard. The in vivo anti-Parkinson's activity of the ALP-SENF was compared with that of the plain ALP suspension by using reserpine antagonism and haloperidol-induced Parkinsonism model in rats. Various behavioral tests and biochemical antioxidant enzymes were estimated. The in vitro results revealed that treatment with ALP-SENF at a concentration of 100 and 200 µM was found to show significant neuronal SH-SY5Y cell viability against 50 µM 6-OHDA. ALP-SENF treated animals have seen significant neurobehavioral improvement. Furthermore, the levels of antioxidative enzymes in biochemical test reveals a marked enhancement in the expression of antioxidant enzymes that significantly attenuated the OS induced neurodegeneration. Due to the mechanisms of their antioxidant action, it was probably due to the scavenging of free radicals and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. It also improved neurobehavioral changes induced by reserpine and haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Pratim K Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Suresh K Dev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Vaibhav Rathore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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Oli V, Gupta R, Kumar P. FOXO and related transcription factors binding elements in the regulation of neurodegenerative disorders. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:102012. [PMID: 34400291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and others, are characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells, which causes memory impairment and cognitive decline. Mounting evidence demonstrated the possible implications of diverse biological processes, namely oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant cell cycle re-entry, post-translational modifications, protein aggregation, impaired proteasome dysfunction, autophagy, and many others that cause neuronal cell death. The condition worsens as there is no effective treatment for such diseases due to their complex pathogenesis and mechanism. Mounting evidence demonstrated the role of regulatory transcription factors, such as NFκβ, FoxO, Myc, CREB, and others that regulate the biological processes and diminish the disease progression and pathogenesis. Studies demonstrated that forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors had been implicated in the regulation of aging and longevity. Further, the functions of FoxO proteins are regulated by different post-translational modifications (PTMs), namely acetylation, and ubiquitination. Various studies concluded that FoxO proteins exert both neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties depending on their regulation mechanism and activity in the brain. Thus, understanding the nature of FoxO expression and activity in the brain will help develop effective therapeutic strategies. Herein, firstly, we discuss the role of FoxO protein in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation, followed by the regulation of FoxO proteins through acetylation and ubiquitination. We also briefly explain the activity and expression pattern of FoxO proteins in the neuronal cells and explain the mechanism through which FoxO proteins are rescued from oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. Later on, we present a detailed view of the implication of FoxO proteins in neurodegenerative disease and FoxO proteins as an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Oli
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
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