1
|
Vandoni M, Marin L, Cavallo C, Gatti A, Grazi R, Albanese I, Taranto S, Silvestri D, Di Carlo E, Patanè P, Carnevale Pellino V, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V. Poor Motor Competence Affects Functional Capacities and Healthcare in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:44. [PMID: 38393264 PMCID: PMC10891969 DOI: 10.3390/sports12020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a young age, children learn different motor skills known as fundamental motor skills. The acquisition of these skills is crucial for the future development of context-tailored actions that could improve adherence to physical activity (PA) practice. Motor competence and function deficits have been associated with pediatric obesity. We reviewed the literature data regarding motor competence in pediatrics and impaired motor performance in children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS We assessed the abstracts of the available literature (n = 110) and reviewed the full texts of potentially relevant articles (n = 65) that were analyzed to provide a critical discussion. RESULTS Children and adolescents with obesity show impaired motor performance, executive functions, postural control, and motor coordination. Children's age represents a crucial point in the development of motor skills. Early interventions are crucial to preventing declines in motor proficiency and impacting children's PA and overall fitness levels. CONCLUSIONS To involve children, the PA protocol must be fun and tailored in consideration of several aspects, such as clinical picture, level of physical fitness, and motor skills. A supervised adapted exercise program is useful to personalized PA programs from an early pediatric age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Caterina Cavallo
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, 50, Avenue du Parc des Sports, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg;
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Ilaria Albanese
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Taranto
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Eleonora Di Carlo
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Pamela Patanè
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA)—Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.); (E.D.C.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dou N, Deitch R, Kowalski AJ, Kuhn A, Lane H, Parker EA, Wang Y, Zafari Z, Black MM, Hager ER. Studying the impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on childhood obesity, health behaviors, and disparities in an observational cohort: Protocol for the COVID-19 Family Study. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 136:107408. [PMID: 38072192 PMCID: PMC10922699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic control policies, including school closures, suspended extra-curricular activities, and social distancing, were introduced to prevent viral transmission, and disrupted children's daily routines, health behaviors, and wellness. This observational cohort study among 697 families with children or adolescents, based on the Family Stress Model, aims to: 1) evaluate pre- to during-pandemic changes in child health behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep) and weight gain, 2) identify mechanisms explaining the changes, and 3) determine projected healthcare costs on weight gain and obesity. Each aim includes an examination by racial and ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities. METHODS The study employs a mixed methods design, recruiting children and their caregivers from two obesity prevention trials halted in 2020. Enrolled participants complete annual surveys to assess child health behaviors, family resources, routines, and demographics, and home environment in 2020-2022. Height and weight are measured annually in 2021-2022. Annual semi-structured interviews are conducted within a subsample to understand mechanisms of observed changes. Multilevel mixed models and mediation analyses are used to examine changes in child health behaviors and weight gain and mechanisms underlying the changes. Qualitative data are analyzed within and across time points and integrated with quantitative findings to further explain mechanisms. Markov models are used to determine healthcare costs for unhealthy child behaviors and weight gain. CONCLUSION Findings from this study will aid in understanding pandemic-related changes in child health behaviors and weight status and will provide insights for the implementation of future programs and policies to improve child and family wellness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Dou
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rachel Deitch
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Alysse J Kowalski
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ann Kuhn
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 401 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Hannah Lane
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 215 Morris Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Parker
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Zafar Zafari
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Maureen M Black
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 737 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Erin R Hager
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frederico MJS, Cipriani A, Heim JBA, Mendes AKB, Aragón M, Gaspar JM, De Alencar NMN, Silva FRMB. Electrophilic Agonists Modulate the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 Channels Mediated by Insulin and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion for Glucose Homeostasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1167. [PMID: 37631083 PMCID: PMC10458466 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This pre-clinical study investigated the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channels on modulating targets for glucose homeostasis using agonists: the electrophilic agonists, cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and the non-electrophilic agonist, carvacrol (CRV). A glucose tolerance test was performed on rats. CIN and AITC (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) or CRV (25, 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), and glycemia was measured. In the intestine, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and disaccharidase activity were evaluated (in vivo and in vitro, respectively). Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion was determined. Islets were used to measure insulin secretion and calcium influx. CIN and AITC improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. CRV was unable to reduce glycemia. Electrophilic agonists, CIN and AITC, inhibited disaccharidases and acted as secretagogues in the intestine by inducing GLP-1 release in vivo and in vitro and contributed to insulin secretion and glycemia. The effect of CIN on calcium influx in pancreatic islets (insulin secretion) involves voltage-dependent calcium channels and calcium from stores. TRPA1 triggers calcium influx and potentiates intracellular calcium release to induce insulin secretion, suggesting that electrophilic agonists mediate this signaling transduction for the control of glycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Jadna Silva Frederico
- Laboratory of Hormones & Signal Transduction, Departament of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.C.); (J.B.A.H.); (A.K.B.M.); (J.M.G.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Departament of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drug Research and Development Center (DRDC), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil;
| | - Andreza Cipriani
- Laboratory of Hormones & Signal Transduction, Departament of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.C.); (J.B.A.H.); (A.K.B.M.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Jocelyn Brice Alexandre Heim
- Laboratory of Hormones & Signal Transduction, Departament of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.C.); (J.B.A.H.); (A.K.B.M.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Ana Karla Bittencourt Mendes
- Laboratory of Hormones & Signal Transduction, Departament of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.C.); (J.B.A.H.); (A.K.B.M.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Departament of Pharmacy, Science School, National University of Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia;
| | - Joana Margarida Gaspar
- Laboratory of Hormones & Signal Transduction, Departament of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.C.); (J.B.A.H.); (A.K.B.M.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Nylane Maria Nunes De Alencar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Departament of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drug Research and Development Center (DRDC), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil;
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Laboratory of Hormones & Signal Transduction, Departament of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.C.); (J.B.A.H.); (A.K.B.M.); (J.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Endurance Exercise Intensities on Autonomic and Metabolic Controls in Children with Obesity: A Feasibility Study Employing Online Exercise Training. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041054. [PMID: 36839416 PMCID: PMC9963256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the major determinants of a healthy lifestyle, which is particularly important in childhood and serves as a powerful preventive tool. On the other hand, obesity and arterial hypertension rates are increasing in children, representing a huge risk for developing major cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adult life. Of fundamental importance is the modality and volume of exercise required to obtain benefits. In this feasibility study, we considered a group of obese children, studied before and after a 12-week online exercise training program, and subdivided the participants into two groups considering the volume of exercise performed (above or below 1200 MET·min/week). This threshold level was applied in two different ways: subdivision A considered the total weekly physical activity volume (considering both time spent walking for at least 10 min consecutively and time spent performing structured exercise) and subdivision B considered only the weekly volume of structured exercise. We assessed autonomic and metabolic control and auxological and lifestyle parameters. We observed that the improved volume of structured exercise was associated with reduced arterial pressure percentile only in subdivision B and an improvement in markers of vagal and metabolic control was evident. Moreover, the 12-week online exercise training program, defined considering individual fitness level and progressively adapted as the goal was reached, proved to be sustainable from an economical and organizational point of view.
Collapse
|
5
|
Heidari-Beni M, Bemanalizadeh M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Changes in Lifestyle Behaviors of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact on the Development of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:165. [PMID: 36820330 PMCID: PMC9938715 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quarantine restrictions have changed the usual lifestyle habits of children and adolescents. In this review, we summarize how the COVID-19 outbreak changed lifestyle during childhood and discuss potential short- and long-term effects of NCD high-risk behaviors on health outcomes. Methods: literature search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All studies that assessed the relationship between COVID-19 outbreak and lifestyle changes were included. Results: NCD risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, prolonged screen time and sedentary behavior, disrupted sleep schedules and sleep quality, as well as mental disorders during COVID19 in childhood, may increase the susceptibility to NCDs in adulthood. These changes in lifestyle behaviors have short and long-term cardio-metabolic and psychological health outcomes. Since it is not clear when COVID-19 is completely controlled, assessment of the interactions between COVID-19 and lifestyle activities in the pediatric age group is critical. Conclusion: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly influenced all levels of health systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will need to be prioritized even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Mostafa Qorbani,
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Corresponding author:Roya Kelishadi,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li G, Yang L, Xu X, Chen M, Cai Y, Wen Y, Xie X, Lu X, Luo S, Lin S, Li H, Wu S. Physical Changes of Preschool Children during COVID-19 School Closures in Fujian, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13699. [PMID: 36294276 PMCID: PMC9602639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may constitute an "obesogenic lifestyle" that results in exacerbating childhood obesity. However, studies investigating regional sociodemographic factors including different age groups or sexes in children with obesity are lacking. We aimed to clarify the high obesity prevalence populations of preschool children to provide a regional basis for children's health policy during the COVID-19 school closures. From May to September 2019, a total of 29,518 preschool children were included in a large sample, multicenter cross-sectional study to explore physical status in Fujian Province by stratified cluster random sampling. In October 2019 and October 2020, we also conducted a cross-sectional study exploring physical development including changes in height, weight, and BMI of 1688 preschool children in Fuzhou before and after the COVID-19 school closures. Student' s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi-square test was used to assess differences in physical development and overweight and obesity rates among preschool children before and after school closures. For regional factors, the weight of urban preschool children of all ages became higher after the outbreak (p (age 3-4) = 0.009; p (age 4-5) < 0.001; p (age 5-6) = 0.002). For sex factors, overweight and obesity in boys had a greater prevalence than in girls before and after the outbreak. In four age groups, overweight and obesity rates in the 5-year-old group (15.5% and 9.9%) were higher than before (11.4% and 6.0%). The weight and BMI of 4- to 5-year-old children also increased faster than before (p < 0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic has promoted the epidemic of childhood obesity. Living in urban/coastal (economically developed) areas, boys, and aged 4-6 years old may be a susceptible population to obesity development after the outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Li
- Department of Child Healthcare Centre, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yeying Wen
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Suping Luo
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shaowei Lin
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge W, Hu J, Xiao Y, Liang F, Yi L, Zhu R, Yin J. COVID-19‒Related Childhood BMI Increases in China: A Health Surveillance‒Based Ambispective Cohort Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:647-655. [PMID: 35688722 PMCID: PMC9072804 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic‒related BMI gain and obesity prevalence changes in children have not been clearly elucidated, especially in China. This study aims to assess the impact of pandemic-related BMI and obesity prevalence change in Chinese children aged 8-12 years. METHODS On the basis of the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents in Suzhou of China, a total of 72,175 children aged 8-12 years with complete data during 2017-2020 were included. Yearly BMI z-score changes and age- and sex-adjusted BMI changes before (2017-2019) and during (2019-2020) the pandemic were calculated. Multivariate mixed linear models were used to examine the possible difference in annual BMI change rate before and during the pandemic among subgroups. RESULTS The obesity prevalence slightly increased from 12.29% (2017) to 13.28% (2019) but substantially increased to 15.29% in 2020. The mean yearly change in BMI z-score before and during the pandemic were 0.039 (95% CI=0.037, 0.042) and 0.131 (95% CI=0.125, 0.138), respectively, yielding a difference of 0.092 (95% CI=0.087, 0.096). Similarly, changes and age- and sex-adjusted BMI increased by 0.191 (95% CI=0.179, 0.202) during the pandemic compared with those of previous years. Meanwhile, the increase in BMI changes in 2019-2020 compared with that before the pandemic was more obvious in boys than in girls and in underweight or normal-weight children than in their overweight and obese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS BMI gain increased among Chinese children aged 8-12 years during the pandemic. There is an urgent need to formulate effective public health policies to reduce the risk of pandemic-related childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Suzhou Institute of Advanced Study in Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Yi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Rushun Zhu
- Taicang Science and Education New Ton Community Health Service Center, Taichang, China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Knapp EA, Dong Y, Dunlop AL, Aschner JL, Stanford JB, Hartert T, Teitelbaum SL, Hudak ML, Carroll K, O’Connor TG, McEvoy CT, O’Shea TM, Carnell S, Karagas MR, Herbstman JB, Dabelea D, Ganiban JM, Ferrara A, Hedderson M, Bekelman TA, Rundle AG, Alshawabkeh A, Gilbert-Diamond D, Fry RC, Chen Z, Gilliland FD, Wright RJ, Camargo CA, Jacobson L, Lester BM, Hockett CW, Hodges ML, Chandran A. Changes in BMI During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatrics 2022; 150:e2022056552. [PMID: 35768891 PMCID: PMC9444980 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-056552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Experts hypothesized increased weight gain in children associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate whether the rate of change of child body mass index (BMI) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic years. METHODS The study population of 1996 children ages 2 to 19 years with at least 1 BMI measure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was drawn from 38 pediatric cohorts across the United States participating in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes-wide cohort study. We modeled change in BMI using linear mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, maternal education, income, baseline BMI category, and type of BMI measure. Data collection and analysis were approved by the local institutional review board of each institution or by the central Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes institutional review board. RESULTS BMI increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years (0.24 higher annual gain in BMI during the pandemic compared with previous years, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.45). Children with BMI in the obese range compared with the healthy weight range were at higher risk for excess BMI gain during the pandemic, whereas children in higher-income households were at decreased risk of BMI gain. CONCLUSIONS One effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is an increase in annual BMI gain during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the 3 previous years among children in our national cohort. This increased risk among US children may worsen a critical threat to public health and health equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanan Dong
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Judy L. Aschner
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine and Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Tina Hartert
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville,
TN
| | | | - Mark L. Hudak
- University of Florida College of Medicine –
Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Kecia Carroll
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Susan Carnell
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew G. Rundle
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New
York, New York
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern
University, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Zhanghua Chen
- University of Southern California, Keck School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Keck School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Lisa Jacobson
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Christine W. Hockett
- Avera Research Institute; University of South Dakota
School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shalitin S, Phillip M, Yackobovitch-Gavan M. Changes in body mass index in children and adolescents in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1160-1167. [PMID: 35173280 PMCID: PMC8852981 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has health, social, and economic implications. Our primary objective was to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) from the pre-pandemic to COVID-19 pandemic period among a large pediatric population in Israel. Methods This retrospective cohort study is based on data from Clalit Health Services, the largest health maintenance organization in Israel. The data accessed included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical parameters of persons aged 2–20 years with at least one BMI measurement during 2017–2019 (pre-pandemic period) and one between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 (pandemic period). Results The cohort comprised 36,837 individuals (50.8% females); median age 11.2 years, 83.6% were Jewish and 10.3% of Arab ethnicity. BMI-SDS increased in both sexes (p < 0.001), in both ethnicities (p < 0.001), in all socioeconomic position clusters (p < 0.001), in children aged 2–18 years (P < 0.001), and in children with underweight or normal-weight in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). For 21,610 individuals (35.6%), BMI-SDS increased ≥0.25 SD. The increase in BMI-SDS was greater in children aged 2–6 compared to 6.1–18 years; BMI-SDS decreased among those aged 18.1–20 years (P < 0.001). The increase in BMI-SDS was greater among those with underweight than normal weight; BMI-SDS decreased among those with overweight and obesity (P < 0.001). During the pandemic, overweight or obesity presented in 11.2% of those with normal weight in the pre-pandemic period; and obesity presented in 21.4% of those with overweight in the pre-pandemic period. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic correlated with overall weight gain among children and adolescents, with the most substantial weight gain in children aged 2–6 years. Notably, the most significant increase in BMI-SDS was observed in children with underweight; BMI-SDS decreased in children with overweight and obesity. Policies should be established during the pandemic that focus on increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary time, and promoting healthy diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Shalitin
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Byeon H. Predicting South Korean adolescents vulnerable to obesity after the COVID-19 pandemic using categorical boosting and shapley additive explanation values: A population-based cross-sectional survey. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:955339. [PMID: 36210956 PMCID: PMC9532523 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.955339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study identified factors related to adolescent obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic by using machine learning techniques and developed a model for predicting high-risk obesity groups among South Korean adolescents based on the result. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analyzed 50,858 subjects (male: 26,535 subjects, and female: 24,323 subjects) between 12 and 18 years old. Outcome variables were classified into two classes (normal or obesity) based on body mass index (BMI). The explanatory variables included demographic factors, mental health factors, life habit factors, exercise factors, and academic factors. This study developed a model for predicting adolescent obesity by using multiple logistic regressions that corrected all confounding factors to understand the relationship between predictors for South Korean adolescent obesity by inputting the seven variables with the highest Shapley values found in categorical boosting (CatBoost). RESULTS In this study, the top seven variables with a high impact on model output (based on SHAP values in CatBoost) were gender, mean sitting hours per day, the number of days of conducting strength training in the past seven days, academic performance, the number of days of drinking soda in the past seven days, the number of days of conducting the moderate-intensity physical activity for 60 min or more per day in the past seven days, and subjective stress perception level. CONCLUSION To prevent obesity in adolescents, it is required to detect adolescents vulnerable to obesity early and conduct monitoring continuously to manage their physical health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Byeon
- Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare (BK21), Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea.,Department of Medical Big Data, College of AI Convergence, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Welling MS, Abawi O, van den Eynde E, van Rossum EFC, Halberstadt J, Brandsma AE, Kleinendorst L, van den Akker ELT, van der Voorn B. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Lockdown Measures on Lifestyle Behaviors and Well-Being in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity. Obes Facts 2022; 15:186-196. [PMID: 34743080 PMCID: PMC8805051 DOI: 10.1159/000520718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 lockdown measures have large impact on lifestyle behaviors and well-being of children. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on eating styles and behaviors, physical activity (PA), screen time, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children (0-18 years) with severe obesity. METHODS During the first COVID-19 wave (April 2020), validated questionnaires were completed and semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with parents of children with severe obesity (adult body mass index [BMI]-equivalent ≥35 kg/m2) and/or with the children themselves. Changes in pre-pandemic versus lockdown scores of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire Children, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Dutch PA Questionnaire were assessed. Qualitative analyses were performed according to the Grounded Theory. RESULTS Ninety families were approached of which 83 families were included. Characteristics of the included children were: mean age 11.2 ± 4.6 years, 52% female, mean BMI SD-score +3.8 ± 1.0. Emotional, restrained, and external eating styles, HRQoL, and (noneducational) screen time did not change on group level (all p > 0.05). However, weekly PA decreased (mean difference -1.9 h/week, p = 0.02) mostly in adolescents. In the majority of children, mean weekly PA decreased to ≤2 h/week. Children with high emotional or external eating scores during lockdown or pre-existent psychosocial problems had the lowest HRQoL (p < 0.01). Qualitative analyses revealed an increased demand for food in a significant proportion of children (n = 21), mostly in children <10 years (19/21). This was often attributed to loss of daily structure and perceived stress. Families who reported no changes (n = 15) or improved eating behaviors (n = 11) attributed this to already existing strict eating schemes that they kept adhering to during lockdown. CONCLUSION This study shows differing responses to COVID-19 lockdown measures in children with severe obesity. On group level, PA significantly decreased and in substantial minorities eating styles and HRQoL deteriorated. Children with pre-existent psychosocial problems or pre-pandemic high external or emotional eating scores were most at risk. These children and their families should be targeted by health care professionals to minimize negative physical and mental health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mila S Welling
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ozair Abawi
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Emma van den Eynde
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jutka Halberstadt
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies E Brandsma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Center CGG, Maasstad Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Physical Activity and Sports Practice in Children and Adolescents at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hypothetical Future Scenarios and Preventive Practical Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As a logical and direct consequence of the closure of schools and sports facilities, an expected reduction in the practice of physical activity (PA) and sports has been detected in both children and adolescents all over the world. Hence, we analysed the short-term and long-term consequences of the lack/low level of PA and sports activity in this population, which we referred to as primary and secondary risks, respectively, the latter of which have to be considered in hypothetical future scenarios.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vandoni M, Codella R, Pippi R, Carnevale Pellino V, Lovecchio N, Marin L, Silvestri D, Gatti A, Magenes VC, Regalbuto C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V. Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4459. [PMID: 34960011 PMCID: PMC8706684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of childhood obesity (or its risk) and COVID-19 pandemic put children and adolescents in greater risk to develop respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, the restrictions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components, especially in young population. This resulted in augmented levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors and a reduced time spent in play outdoors or sport practices. Contrariwise, the increased use of technology led clinicians, teachers, and trainers to maintain relations with obese children/adolescents so as to reduce sedentary behaviors and the associated health risks. This narrative review aims to describe the role of Telehealth and Tele-exercise as useful tools in the management of pediatric obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth and Tele-exercise were effective in promoting self-monitoring and behavioral changes, including adherence to exercise training programs in children and adolescents. Moreover, tele-exercise platforms such as applications or exergames allowed flexible scheduling, limiting the infection risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, C.U.R.I.A.Mo. (Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paterson DC, Ramage K, Moore SA, Riazi N, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the movement behaviors of children and youth: A scoping review of evidence after the first year. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:675-689. [PMID: 34237456 PMCID: PMC8687706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this scoping review was to summarize systematically the available literature investigating the relationships between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) of school-aged children (aged 5-11 years) and youth (aged 12-17 years) in the first year of the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS Searches for published literature were conducted across 6 databases on 2 separate search dates (November 25, 2020, and January 27, 2021). Results were screened and extracted by 2 reviewers (DCP and KR) independently, using Covidence. Basic numeric analysis and content analysis were undertaken to present thematically the findings of included studies according to the associated impact on each movement behavior. RESULTS A total of 1486 records were extracted from database searches; of those, 150 met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Of 150 articles, 110 were empirical studies examining physical activity (n = 77), sedentary behavior/screen time (n = 58), and sleep (n = 55). Results consistently reported declines in physical-activity time, increases in screen time and total sedentary behavior, shifts to later bed and wake times, and increases in sleep duration. The reported impacts on movement behaviors were greater for youth than for children. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic is related to changes in the quantity and nature of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among children and youth. There is an urgent need for policy makers, practitioners, and researchers to develop solutions for attenuating adverse changes in physical activity and screen time among children and youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Paterson
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katelynn Ramage
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Negin Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cena H, Fiechtner L, Vincenti A, Magenes VC, De Giuseppe R, Manuelli M, Zuccotti GV, Calcaterra V. COVID-19 Pandemic as Risk Factors for Excessive Weight Gain in Pediatrics: The Role of Changes in Nutrition Behavior. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4255. [PMID: 34959805 PMCID: PMC8707175 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social isolation, semi-lockdown, and "stay at home" orders were imposed upon the population in the interest of infection control. This dramatically changes the daily routine of children and adolescents, with a large impact on lifestyle and wellbeing. Children with obesity have been shown to be at a higher risk of negative lifestyle changes and weight gain during lockdown. Obesity and COVID-19 negatively affect children and adolescents' wellbeing, with adverse effects on psychophysical health, due in large part to food choices, snacking between meals, and comfort eating. Moreover, a markable decrease in physical activity levels and an increase in sedentary behavior is associated with weight gain, especially in children with excessive weight. In addition, obesity is the most common comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19, suggesting that immune dysregulation, metabolic unbalance, inadequate nutritional status, and dysbiosis are key factors in the complex mechanistic and clinical interplay between obesity and COVID-19. This narrative review aims to describe the most up-to-date evidence on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents, focusing on the role of excessive weight and weight gain in pediatrics. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us that nutrition education interventions, access to healthy food, as well as family nutrition counselling should be covered by pediatric services to prevent obesity, which worsens disease outcomes related to COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hellas Cena
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); or (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Pediatric Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.)
| | | | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Matteo Manuelli
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); or (M.M.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Vandoni M, Rossi V, Di Profio E, Carnevale Pellino V, Tranfaglia V, Pascuzzi MC, Borsani B, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G. Telehealth: A Useful Tool for the Management of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Pediatric Obesity in the COVID-19 Era. Nutrients 2021; 13:3689. [PMID: 34835945 PMCID: PMC8618189 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of policies that mandate various restrictions on daily life, including social distancing, the closure of public services and schools, and movement limitations. Even though these restrictive measures decreased the COVID-19 spread, they may have detrimental effects on various lifestyle components such as physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits, influencing the maintenance of weight and contributing to obesity among children and adolescents. The coexistence of childhood obesity and COVID-19 and changes in the bioecological environment have put children and adolescents at increased risk for developing obesity and exacerbating the severity of this disorder. The use of telehealth technology is a modern approach useful for the delivery of health care services by health care professionals, where distance is a critical factor. Telehealth is effective in promoting increased self-monitoring and behavioral change, and provides the opportunity to perform online nutritional support and exercise training programs to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. Telehealth, including tele-exercise and tele-nutrition, has the potential to address many of the key challenges in providing health services, including in patients with obesity during the COVID-19 outbreak. This narrative review aims to describe the role of telehealth as an opportunity in the management of pediatric obesity in the COVID-19 era, and to deliver nutrition and exercise programs for the maintenance of health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Valeria Tranfaglia
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Martina Chiara Pascuzzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Barbara Borsani
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Calcaterra V, Iafusco D, Carnevale Pellino V, Mameli C, Tornese G, Chianese A, Cascella C, Macedoni M, Redaelli F, Zuccotti G, Vandoni M. "CoVidentary": An online exercise training program to reduce sedentary behaviours in children with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2021; 25:100261. [PMID: 34307052 PMCID: PMC8283025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We explored the physical activity (PA) level and the variation in glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) before and during the lockdown. Then, we proposed an online training program supported by sport-science specialists. METHODS Parents of children with T1D (<18 years) filled out an online survey. Anthropometric characteristics, PA, play, sport and sedentary time and the medical related outcomes were recorded. An adapted online program "Covidentary" was proposed through full-training (FT) and active breaks (AB) modality. RESULTS 280 youth (11.8 ± 3.3 years) were included in the analysis. We reported a decline in sport (-2.1 ± 2.1 h/week) and outdoor-plays (-73.9 ± 93.6 min/day). Moreover, we found an increase in sedentary time (+144.7 ± 147.8 min/day), in mean glycaemic values (+25.4 ± 33.4 mg/dL) and insulin delivery (71.8% of patients). 37% of invited patients attended the training program, 46% took part in AB and 54% in FT. The AB was carried out for 90% of the total duration, while the FT for 31%. Both types of training were perceived as moderate intensity effort. CONCLUSION A decline of participation in sport activities and a subsequent increase of sedentary time influence the management of T1D of children, increasing the risk of acute/long-term complications. Online exercise program may contrast the pandemic's sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Iafusco
- Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology “G. Stoppoloni” Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA) – Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonietta Chianese
- Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology “G. Stoppoloni” Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Cascella
- Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology “G. Stoppoloni” Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Macedoni
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Redaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA) – Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amran MS, Jamaludin KA. The Impact of Unplanned School Closures on Adolescent Behavioral Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:639041. [PMID: 34164364 PMCID: PMC8215535 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.639041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
School closures were implemented as a public health intervention to reduce the risk of infection from COVID-19. However, prolonged school closure is likely to impact adolescents' behavioral health due to the extreme change in routine. The current study aimed to explore adolescents' behavioral health experiences during the beginning of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was done using qualitative methods to interview 15 adolescent participants (n =15) from low-income households in Malaysia. The study lasted for 2 months amidst the outbreak and data were collected via online based on focus group discussions. The results revealed that adolescents faced four main themes of experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: Alteration of sleep patterns, stress-related fatigue, dysfunctional eating patterns and lack of physical activity. This first-hand experience shows that knowledge and skills of adolescents' behavioral practices during outbreak deserves attention. This research stresses the role of family, schools, and media in addressing the health communication gap among adolescents to help them adapt in these new norms.
Collapse
|
19
|
Karvounides D, Marzouk M, Ross AC, VanderPluym JH, Pettet C, Ladak A, Ziplow J, Patterson Gentile C, Turner S, Anto M, Barmherzig R, Chadehumbe M, Kalkbrenner J, Malavolta CP, Clementi MA, Gerson T, Szperka CL. The intersection of COVID-19, school, and headaches: Problems and solutions. Headache 2021; 61:190-201. [PMID: 33382459 PMCID: PMC8086994 DOI: 10.1111/head.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To equip clinicians with recommendations specific to concerns related to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which impact the physical, emotional, and social health of youth with headache disorders. BACKGROUND COVID-19 has affected societies on a global scale including children and youth with chronic headache disorders. Many concerns are predicted to arise in the 2020-2021 school year, whether classes are conducted in-person or virtually. METHODS Clinical impressions were combined with a review of the literature, although limited due to the recent nature of this issue. RESULTS We describe recommendations to support caregivers and youth as they face changes expected with the return to school in the fall of 2020. CONCLUSION Although there are significant concerns for caregivers and youth with migraine given the context of changes related to the pandemic, there are many recommendations that can help minimize exacerbations of the physical, emotional, and social health of youth with chronic migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Karvounides
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maya Marzouk
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra C Ross
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ali Ladak
- Penn Therapy & Fitness, University City, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Ziplow
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlyn Patterson Gentile
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Turner
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marissa Anto
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Barmherzig
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madeline Chadehumbe
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Kalkbrenner
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carrie P Malavolta
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle A Clementi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trevor Gerson
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Christina L Szperka
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dragun R, Veček NN, Marendić M, Pribisalić A, Đivić G, Cena H, Polašek O, Kolčić I. Have Lifestyle Habits and Psychological Well-Being Changed among Adolescents and Medical Students Due to COVID-19 Lockdown in Croatia? Nutrients 2020; 13:E97. [PMID: 33396690 PMCID: PMC7830522 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate dietary habits, sleep and psychological well-being of adolescents and medical students during COVID-19 lockdown in Split, Croatia. METHODS We surveyed 1326 students during 2018 and 2019, and compared their responses with 531 students enrolled in May 2020. Perceived stress, quality of life (QoL), happiness, anxiety, and optimism were assessed as proxies of psychological well-being, using general linear modelling. RESULTS We found no substantial differences in dietary pattern between pre-lockdown and lockdown periods, including the overall Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. However, the MD pattern changed, showing increased adherence to the MD pyramid for fruit, legumes, fish, and sweets, while cereals, nuts, and dairy intake decreased during COVID-19 lockdown. A third of students reported weight loss during lockdown, 19% reported weight gain, while physical activity remained rather stable. The most prominent change was feeling refreshed after a night's sleep, reported by 31.5% of students during lockdown vs. 8.5% before; median length of sleep duration increased by 1.5 h. Lockdown significantly affected QoL, happiness, optimism (all p < 0.001), and perceived stress in students (p = 0.005). MD adherence was positively correlated with QoL and study time, and negatively with TV and mobile phone use in pre-lockdown period (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, higher MD adherence was correlated with less perceived hardship and greater happiness and QoL during lockdown. CONCLUSION These insights provide valuable information for tailored interventions aimed at maintaining healthy lifestyle in young population. Given the numerous beneficial effects associated with MD adherence, modification of lifestyle through application of lifestyle medicine deserves a priority approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Dragun
- University Postgraduate Doctoral Study Program Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (R.D.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Nikolina Nika Veček
- University Postgraduate Doctoral Study Program Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (R.D.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Mario Marendić
- University Department for Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ajka Pribisalić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Gabrijela Đivić
- ENT Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg B.B., 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Hellas Cena
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tornaghi M, Lovecchio N, Vandoni M, Chirico A, Codella R. Physical activity levels across COVID-19 outbreak in youngsters of Northwestern Lombardy. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:971-976. [PMID: 33269881 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy early experienced one of the most suffering impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of number of cases and death toll. Progressively, more compelling national restrictions hardened citizens' lifestyle and habits, including limiting mobility and outdoor physical activity (PA). In a second phase, people were allowed to perform outdoor activities close to their houses and thereafter motor or sports activity were gradually reintroduced. These drastic changes raised the question on how to cope and exploit the residual opportunities of PA under circumstances of home confinement. METHODS International Physical Activity Questionnaires were administered to 1568 youngsters from North-western Italian high schools, before, during, and after lockdown enacted by Italian Government to contrast the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Student's PA levels were significantly different before (1676.37±20.6 MET-min/week) and after (1774.50±33.93 MET-min/week) the governmental restrictions (TIME effect: F=3.49; η<inf>p</inf>2=0.005 P=0.03). There was a significant TIME*CATEGORY interaction effect (F=8.37; η<inf>p</inf>2=0.021; P<0.001). In particular, only highly active students (>2520 MET-min/week) increased their PA during (3467.48±55.85 MET-min/week) and after (3515.73±65.75 MET-min/week) the lockdown measures with respect to their baseline levels (3151.43±42.41 MET-min/week). CONCLUSIONS Lockdown measures, including isolation, impacted negatively on the PA levels of the already inactive or moderately active young population. Government actions should enhance strategies to control physical inactivity during pandemics like COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tornaghi
- Va.Pe Laboratorio di Valutazioni delle Prestazioni, Verano Brianza, Monza-Brianza, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy - .,Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Storz MA. The COVID-19 pandemic: an unprecedented tragedy in the battle against childhood obesity. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020; 63:477-482. [PMID: 33152743 PMCID: PMC7738769 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The childhood obesity pandemic has emerged as an important public health problem in many countries. Obese children are likely to become obese adults, and adult obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity. Therefore, controlling the childhood obesity epidemic has become a top public health priority worldwide. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may significantly impede this important mission and constitute an unprecedented tragedy in the global battle against childhood obesity. This manuscript presents evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic will aggravate the childhood obesity epidemic and lead to significant weight gain in school children by creating an unprecedented obesogenic environment. Within the last few months, many countries took uncompromising measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including school closures and quarantine. While these steps are often necessary to ensure infection control, they may have a significant negative effect on children's mental and physical health. Physical, nutritional, and psychosocial factors that promote obesity in children during this special situation complementarily contribute to an unprecedented obesogenic environment. Large-scale quarantine and home confinement will impose new and unfamiliar stressors on children, thereby worsening the childhood obesity epidemic. Most importantly, adverse childhood events resulting from a predicted increase in domestic violence within the next few months will significantly contribute to this concern. The scenario presented in this review is of paramount public health importance and must be considered during future pandemic planning. Involved stakeholders, including governments, schools, and families, must make all possible efforts to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on childhood obesity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fröberg A. How children and young people can stay physically active during the novel coronavirus pandemic while take into account safety measures and precautions. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:295-299. [PMID: 33312924 PMCID: PMC7722993 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has caused major public concern and posed challenges to societies across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic might have implications for health-related behaviors, such as physical activity, among people in different age groups. Lately, a number of papers have offered suggestions and recommendations on how to stay physically active during the novel coronavirus pandemic while take into account safety measures and precautions. Many of these suggestions and recommendations might be relevant for health professionals and health practitioners working to facilitate physical activity, health, and well-being among children and young people. In light of the COVID-19pandemic, this paper provides an overview of (a) suggestions and recommendations on physical activities; and (b) safety measures and precautions while being physically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fröberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg. Pedagogen, Hus C, Läroverksgatan 5, PO Box 300, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Natalucci V, Carnevale Pellino V, Barbieri E, Vandoni M. Is It Important to Perform Physical Activity During Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)? Driving Action for a Correct Exercise Plan. Front Public Health 2020; 8:602020. [PMID: 33224923 PMCID: PMC7667150 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.602020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Natalucci
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|