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Fischer MS, Rogers HT, Chapman EA, Chan HJ, Krichel B, Gao Z, Larson EJ, Ge Y. Online Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange Chromatography for Native Top-Down Proteomics of Complex Mixtures. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2315-2322. [PMID: 38913967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Native top-down mass spectrometry (nTDMS) allows characterization of protein structure and noncovalent interactions with simultaneous sequence mapping and proteoform characterization. The majority of nTDMS studies utilize purified recombinant proteins, with significant challenges hindering application to endogenous systems. To perform native top-down proteomics (nTDP), where endogenous proteins from complex biological systems are analyzed by nTDMS, it is essential to separate proteins under nondenaturing conditions. However, it remains difficult to achieve high resolution with MS-compatible online chromatography while preserving protein tertiary structure and noncovalent interactions. Herein, we report the use of online mixed-bed ion exchange chromatography (IEC) to enable separation of endogenous proteins from complex mixtures under nondenaturing conditions, preserving noncovalent interactions for nTDP analysis. We have successfully detected large proteins (>146 kDa) and identified endogenous metal-binding and oligomeric protein complexes in human heart tissue lysate. The use of a mixed-bed stationary phase allowed retention and elution of proteins over a wide range of isoelectric points without altering the sample or mobile phase pH. Overall, our method provides a simple online IEC-MS platform that can effectively separate proteins from complex mixtures under nondenaturing conditions and preserve higher-order structure for nTDP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Holden T Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Emily A Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hsin-Ju Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Boris Krichel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2a, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Eli J Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Kahl M, Offner T, Trendel A, Weiss L, Manzini I, Hassenklöver T. S100Z is expressed in a lateral subpopulation of olfactory receptor neurons in the main olfactory system of Xenopus laevis. Dev Neurobiol 2024; 84:59-73. [PMID: 38439531 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to other S100 protein members, the function of S100 calcium-binding protein Z (S100Z) remains largely uncharacterized. It is expressed in the olfactory epithelium of fish, and it is closely associated with the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in mammals. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of S100Z in the olfactory system of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis. Using immunohistochemistry in whole mount and slice preparations of the larval olfactory system, we found exclusive S100Z expression in a subpopulation of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). S100Z expression was not co-localized with TP63 and cytokeratin type II, ruling out basal cell and supporting cell identity. The distribution of S100Z-expressing ORNs was laterally biased, and their average number was significantly increased in the lateral half of the olfactory epithelium. The axons of S100Z-positive neurons projected exclusively into the lateral and intermediate glomerular clusters of the main olfactory bulb (OB). Even after metamorphic restructuring of the olfactory system, S100Z expression was restricted to a neuronal subpopulation of the MOE, which was then located in the newly formed middle cavity. An axonal projection into the ventro-lateral OB persisted also in postmetamorphic frogs. In summary, S100Z is exclusively associated with the main olfactory system in the amphibian Xenopus and not with the VNO as in mammals, despite the presence of a separate accessory olfactory system in both classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Kahl
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Offner
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alena Trendel
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lukas Weiss
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivan Manzini
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hassenklöver
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Székiová E, Michalová Z, Blaško J, Mucha R, Slovinská L, Kello M, Vanický I. Characterisation of mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media obtained at different conditioning times: their effect on glial cells in in vitro scratch model. Growth Factors 2023; 41:57-70. [PMID: 36825505 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2182145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media (BMMSC-CM) obtained by conditioning for 24(CM24), 48(CM48) and 72(CM72) hours was characterised. In vitro, the impact of BMMSC-CM on the astrocyte migratory response and oligodendrocyte density was evaluated using the scratch model. The proteomic profiles of individual secretomes were analysed by mass spectrometry and the concentrations of four selected neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, GDNF and VEGF) were determined by ELISA. Our results revealed an increased number of proteins at CM72, many of which are involved in neuroregenerative processes. ELISA documented a gradual increase in the concentration of two neurotrophins (NGF, VEGF), peaking at CM72. In vitro, the different effect of individual BMMSC-CM on astrocyte migration response and oligodendrocyte density was observed, most pronounced with CM72. The outcomes demonstrate that the prolonged conditioning results in increased release of detectable proteins, neurotrophic factors concentration and stronger effect on reparative processes in neural cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Székiová
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Michalová
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Blaško
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slovinská
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
- Associated Tissue Bank, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanický
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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Gao P, Wang H, Li H, Shu L, Han Z, Li S, Cheng H, Dai X. miR-21-5p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma by Targeting S100A10. J Cancer 2023; 14:1781-1793. [PMID: 37476183 PMCID: PMC10355203 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A10, a member of the S100 protein family, is upregulated in multiple human malignancies and plays a key role in regulating tumor progression. This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism by which S100A10 in regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma. The expression and clinical information data of S100A10 were downloaded from public databases (TCGA, CGGA, and GEPIA2). S100A10 expression levels in glioma tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were compared by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The functional roles of S100A10 in glioma were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. miRDB and double luciferase assay were used to predict and identify potential S100A10 mRNA-complementary miRNAs, and the roles of miR-21-5p in glioma cell were examined by targeted knockdown or overexpression miR-21-5p in glioma cell lines. We found that S100A10 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and predicted a worse prognosis. S100A10 knockdown significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21-5p inhibits glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting S100A10. This study showed S100A10 was a new prognostic predictor among glioma patients and provided new insights into the pathogenesis of gliomas, suggesting that miR-21-5p /S100A10 axis may serve as a valuable therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaixu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Shu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
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Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 alters membrane organization by dispersing ordered domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184113. [PMID: 36567033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory, calcium-binding protein S100A9 is localized in the cytoplasm of many cells and regulates several intracellular and extracellular processes. S100A9 is involved in neuroinflammation associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The number of studies on the impact of S100A9 in co-aggregation processes with amyloid-like proteins is increasing. However, there is still a lack of data on how this protein interacts with lipid membranes. We employed atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence measurements (Laurdan and Thioflavin-T) to study the interaction between protein and the membrane surface. We used lipid vesicles in bulk and planar tethered lipid bilayers as biomimetic membrane models. We demonstrated that the protein accumulates on negatively charged lipid bilayers but with no further loss of the bilayer's integrity. The most important result is that the initial adsorption and accumulation of apo-form of S100A9 on the lipid membrane surface is lipid phase-sensitive. The breaking down of raft-like and disappearance of gel-like domains indicate that protein incorporates into the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer. We observed the most noticeable loss of integrity in lipid bilayers constructed from a lipid mixture (brain total lipid extract). Understanding the function and interactions of these proteins in cellular environments might expand the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for AD or other related diseases.
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Stenhouse C, Newton MG, Halloran KM, Moses RM, Sah N, Suva LJ, Bazer FW. Phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling, transport, and metabolism in the endometria of cyclic ewes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 36631878 PMCID: PMC9835233 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests important roles for progesterone (P4) and interferon tau in the regulation of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D signaling in the uteri of pregnant sheep. However, the effects of P4 and estradiol (E2), with respect to the expression of their receptors PGR and ESR1, respectively, in uterine epithelia on mineral signaling during the estrous cycle has not been investigated. Estrous cycles of mature Suffolk ewes were synchronized, prostaglandin F2α was administered, and ewes were observed for estrus (designated as Day 0) in the presence of vasectomized rams. On Days 1, 9, or 14 of the estrous cycle, hysterectomies were performed. RESULTS 25-hydroxyvitamin D was more abundant in plasma from ewes on Day 14 than Day 1 (P < 0.05). Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) mRNAs was greater in endometria on Day 9 compared to Days 1 and 14 (P < 0.01). Similarly, expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) mRNA was greater in endometria on Day 9 than Day 1 (P < 0.05). ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 4 (ATP2B4) and S100 calcium binding protein G (S100G) mRNA expression was greater in endometria on Day 14 than on Days 1 and 9 (P < 0.01). In contrast, endometrial expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA was lower on Days 9 and 14 than Day 1 (P < 0.01). Expression of klotho (KL) (P < 0.05) and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24) (P < 0.01) mRNAs was lower on Day 14 than Days 1 and 9. ADAM17, FGF23, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, KL, and VDR proteins immunolocalized to the uterine myometrium, blood vessels, and uterine luminal (LE), superficial glandular (sGE), and glandular (GE) epithelia. S100A9 protein was weakly expressed in the uterine myometrium, LE, sGE, and GE. Immunoreactivity of CYP2R1 and KL proteins in uterine LE and sGE was less on Day 1 than on Days 9 and 14. In contrast, S100G protein was expressed exclusively by GE, and immunoreactive S100G protein was less on Day 9. S100A12 protein localized to stromal cells of the uterine stratum spongiosum and blood vessels, but not by uterine epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results implicate E2, P4, and PGR in the regulation of phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling in cyclic ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Makenzie G. Newton
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Katherine M. Halloran
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Robyn M. Moses
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Nirvay Sah
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
| | - Larry J. Suva
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843 College Station, USA
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, TX 77843-2471 College Station, USA
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Bancroft EA, De La Mora M, Pandey G, Zarate SM, Srinivasan R. Extracellular S100B inhibits A-type voltage-gated potassium currents and increases L-type voltage-gated calcium channel activity in dopaminergic neurons. Glia 2022; 70:2330-2347. [PMID: 35916350 PMCID: PMC10738449 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an increase in secreted S100B within the midbrain and cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, S100B overexpression in mice accelerates the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic (DA) neurons, suggesting a role for this protein in PD pathogenesis. We found that in the mouse SNc, S100B labeled astrocytic processes completely envelop the somata of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing DA neurons only in male mice. These data suggest that an increase in S100B secretion by astrocytes within the midbrain could play a role in DA dysfunction during early PD. We therefore asked if acute exposure to extracellular S100B alters the activity of identified TH expressing DA neurons in primary mouse midbrain cultures. Acute exposure to 50 pM S100B specifically inhibited A-type voltage-gated potassium currents in TH+ , but not TH- neurons. This was accompanied by ~2-fold increases in the frequency of both intrinsic firing, as well as L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC)-mediated calcium fluxes only in TH+ neurons. Further, exposure to 100 μM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an A-type voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor, mimicked the S100B mediated increase in intrinsic firing and L-type VGCC-mediated calcium fluxes in TH+ neurons. Taken together, our finding that extracellular S100B alters the activity of native DA neurons via an inhibition of A-type voltage-gated potassium channels has important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Bancroft
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Martha De La Mora
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Gauri Pandey
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sara M. Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Rahul Srinivasan
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, Texas, USA
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Mafuika SN, Naicker T, Harrichandparsad R, Lazarus L. The potential of serum S100 calcium-binding protein B and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wang H, Mao X, Ye L, Cheng H, Dai X. The Role of the S100 Protein Family in Glioma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3022-3030. [PMID: 36046652 PMCID: PMC9414020 DOI: 10.7150/jca.73365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of 25 members and share a common structure defined in part by the Ca2+ binding EF-hand motif. Multiple members' dysregulated expression is associated with progression, diagnosis and prognosis in a broad range of diseases, especially in tumors. They could exert wide range of functions both in intracellular and extracellular, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility, enzyme activities, immune responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis and angiogenesis. Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord with multiple subtypes that are diagnosed and classified based on histopathology. Up to now the role of several S100 proteins in gliomas have been explored. S100A8, S100A9 and S100B were highly expression in serum and may present as a marker correlated with survival and prognosis of glioma patients. Individual member was confirmed as a new regulator of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and a mediator of mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma (GBM). Additionally, several members up- or downregulation have been reported to involve in the development of glioma by interacting with signaling pathways and target proteins. Here we detail S100 proteins that are associated with glioma, and discuss their potential effects on progression, diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
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Singh P, Ali SA. Multifunctional Role of S100 Protein Family in the Immune System: An Update. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152274. [PMID: 35892571 PMCID: PMC9332480 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 is a broad subfamily of low-molecular weight calcium-binding proteins (9–14 kDa) with structural similarity and functional discrepancy. It is required for inflammation and cellular homeostasis, and can work extracellularly, intracellularly, or both. S100 members participate in a variety of activities in a healthy cell, including calcium storage and transport (calcium homeostasis). S100 isoforms that have previously been shown to play important roles in the immune system as alarmins (DAMPs), antimicrobial peptides, pro-inflammation stimulators, chemo-attractants, and metal scavengers during an innate immune response. Currently, during the pandemic, it was found that several members of the S100 family are implicated in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Further, S100 family protein members were proposed to be used as a prognostic marker for COVID-19 infection identification using a nasal swab. In the present review, we compiled the vast majority of recent studies that focused on the multifunctionality of S100 proteins in the complex immune system and its associated activities. Furthermore, we shed light on the numerous molecular approaches and signaling cascades regulated by S100 proteins during immune response. In addition, we discussed the involvement of S100 protein members in abnormal defense systems during the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal 132001, India;
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8708591790
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Stenhouse C, Halloran KM, Tanner AR, Suva LJ, Rozance PJ, Anthony RV, Bazer FW. Uptake of Phosphate, Calcium, and Vitamin D by the Pregnant Uterus of Sheep in Late Gestation: Regulation by Chorionic Somatomammotropin Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7795. [PMID: 35887141 PMCID: PMC9320403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minerals are required for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and regulation of fetal growth in mammals. Lentiviral-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) of chorionic somatomammotropin hormone (CSH) results in both an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a non-IUGR phenotype in sheep. This study determined the effects of CSH RNAi on the concentration and uptake of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D, and the expression of candidate mRNAs known to mediate mineral signaling in caruncles (maternal component of placentome) and cotyledons (fetal component of placentome) on gestational day 132. CSH RNAi Non-IUGR pregnancies had a lower umbilical vein−umbilical artery calcium gradient (p < 0.05) and less cotyledonary calcium (p < 0.05) and phosphate (p < 0.05) compared to Control RNAi pregnancies. CSH RNAi IUGR pregnancies had less umbilical calcium uptake (p < 0.05), lower uterine arterial and venous concentrations of 25(OH)D (p < 0.05), and trends for lower umbilical 25(OH)D uptake (p = 0.059) compared to Control RNAi pregnancies. Furthermore, CSH RNAi IUGR pregnancies had decreased umbilical uptake of calcium (p < 0.05), less uterine venous 25(OH)D (vitamin D metabolite; p = 0.055), lower caruncular expression of SLC20A2 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter; p < 0.05) mRNA, and lower cotyledonary expression of KL (klotho; p < 0.01), FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; p < 0.05), FGFR2 (p < 0.05), and TRPV6 (transient receptor potential vanilloid member 6; p < 0.05) mRNAs compared to CSH RNAi Non-IUGR pregnancies. This study has provided novel insights into the regulatory role of CSH for calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D utilization in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Katherine M. Halloran
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Amelia R. Tanner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.R.T.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Larry J. Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Paul J. Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Russell V. Anthony
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.R.T.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.); (K.M.H.)
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Stenhouse C, Halloran KM, Hoskins EC, Newton MG, Moses RM, Seo H, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC, Gaddy D, Johnson GA, Wu G, Suva LJ, Bazer FW. Effects of exogenous progesterone on the expression of mineral regulatory molecules by ovine endometrium and placentomes†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1126-1142. [PMID: 35191486 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the acceleration of conceptus development induced by the administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) during the preimplantation period of pregnancy alters calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D signaling at the maternal-conceptus interface. Suffolk ewes (n = 48) were mated to fertile rams and received daily intramuscular injections of either corn oil (CO) vehicle or 25 mg of progesterone in CO (P4) for the first 8 days of pregnancy and hysterectomized on either Day 9 (CO, n = 5; P4, n = 6), 12 (CO, n = 9; P4, n = 4) or 125 (CO, n = 14; P4, n = 10) of gestation. The expression of S100A12 (P < 0.05) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) (P < 0.01) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was lower in endometria from P4-treated ewes on Day 12. The expression of ADAM10 (P < 0.05) mRNA was greater in endometria from P4-treated ewes on Day 125. The expression of ADAM10 (P < 0.01), FGFR2 (P < 0.05), solute carrier (SLC)20A1 (P < 0.05), TRPV5 (P < 0.05), and TRPV6 (P < 0.01) mRNAs was greater, but KL mRNA expression was lower (P < 0.05) in placentomes from P4-treated ewes at Day 125. There was lower endometrial and greater placentomal expression of mRNAs involved in mineral metabolism and transport in twin compared to singleton pregnancies. Further, the expression of mRNAs involved in mineral metabolism and transport was greater in P4-treated twin placentomes. KL, FGF23, vitamin D receptor (VDR), S100A9, S100A12, S100G, and CYP27B1 proteins were immunolocalized in endometria and placentomes. Exogenous P4 in early pregnancy altered the expression of regulators of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D on Day 125 of pregnancy indicating a novel effect of P4 on mineral transport at the maternal-conceptus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Emily C Hoskins
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Makenzie G Newton
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robyn M Moses
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Heewon Seo
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kathrin A Dunlap
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dana Gaddy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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Stenhouse C, Halloran KM, Moses RM, Seo H, Gaddy D, Johnson GA, Wu G, Suva LJ, Bazer FW. Effects of progesterone and interferon tau on ovine endometrial phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:888-899. [PMID: 35134855 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given recent reports of expression of postnatal mineral transport regulators at the maternal-conceptus interface during the peri-implantation period, this study tested the hypothesis that progesterone (P4) and/or interferon tau (IFNT) regulate phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling in the ovine endometrium. Mature Rambouillet ewes (n = 24) were surgically fitted with intrauterine catheters on Day 7 of the estrous cycle. Ewes received daily intramuscular injections of 50 mg P4 in corn oil vehicle and/or 75 mg progesterone receptor antagonist (RU486) in corn oil from Days 8-15, and twice daily intrauterine injections of either control proteins (CX) or IFNT (25 μg/uterine horn/day) from Days 11-15 resulting in four treatment groups: P4 + CX; P4 + IFNT; RU486 + P4 + CX; and RU486 + P4 + IFNT. On Day 16, ewes were hysterectomized. RU486 + P4 + CX treated ewes had lower concentrations of 25 (OH) D in plasma than P4 + CX treated ewes (P < 0.05). Endometria from ewes treated with IFNT had greater expression of FGF23 (P < 0.01), S100A9 (P < 0.05), and S100A12 (P = 0.05) mRNAs, and lower expression of ADAM10 mRNA (P < 0.01) compared to ewes treated with CX proteins. Expression of FGF23 mRNA was greater in endometria of ewes that received RU486 + P4 + IFNT compared to ewes that received RU486 + P4 + CX (hormone x protein Interaction, P < 0.05). Expression of S100G mRNA was greater in endometria of ewes that received P4 + IFNT compared to ewes that received RU486 + P4 + IFNT (P < 0.05; hormone x protein Interaction, P < 0.01). These data implicate P4 and IFNT in the regulation of phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy and provide a platform for continued mechanistic investigations. Summary Sentence: Progesterone and interferon tau regulate phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D signaling during the ovine peri-implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Katherine M Halloran
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Robyn M Moses
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Heewon Seo
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A
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14
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Phosphate, Calcium, and Vitamin D: Key Regulators of Fetal and Placental Development in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:77-107. [PMID: 34807438 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal calcium and bone homeostasis in the adult is virtually fully explained by the interactions of several key regulatory hormones, including parathyroid hormone, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, and sex steroids (estradiol and testosterone). In utero, bone and mineral metabolism is regulated differently from the adult. During development, it is the placenta and not the fetal kidneys, intestines, or skeleton that is the primary source of minerals for the fetus. The placenta is able to meet the almost inexhaustible needs of the fetus for minerals by actively driving the transport of calcium and phosphorus from the maternal circulation to the growing fetus. These fundamentally important minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at higher concentrations than those in maternal blood. Maintenance of these inordinately higher fetal levels is necessary for the developing skeleton to accrue sufficient minerals by term. Importantly, in livestock species, prenatal mineralization of the skeleton is crucial for the high levels of offspring activity soon after birth. Calcium is required for mineralization, as well as a plethora of other physiological functions. Placental calcium and phosphate transport are regulated by several mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is clear that phosphate and calcium metabolism is intimately interrelated and, therefore, placental transport of these minerals cannot be considered in isolation.
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15
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Wu Y, Zhou Q, Guo F, Chen M, Tao X, Dong D. S100 Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711180. [PMID: 34527585 PMCID: PMC8435722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor occurring in the digestive system. Currently, there is a lack of specific and effective interventions for PC; thus, further exploration regarding the pathogenesis of this malignancy is warranted. The S100 protein family, a collection of calcium-binding proteins expressed only in vertebrates, comprises 25 members with high sequence and structural similarity. Dysregulated expression of S100 proteins is a biomarker of cancer progression and prognosis. Functionally, these proteins are associated with the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation, enzyme activation, migration/invasion, Ca2+ homeostasis, and energy metabolism. This review highlights the significance of the S100 family in the diagnosis and prognosis of PC and its vital functions in tumor cell metastasis, invasion and proliferation. A further understanding of S100 proteins will provide potential therapeutic targets for preventing or treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Daei-Farshbaf N, Aflatoonian R, Amjadi FS, Nikniyaz H, Taleahmad S, Bakhtiyari M. Identification of calcineurin as a predictor of oocyte quality and fertilization competence based on microarray data. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 94:107561. [PMID: 34461466 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to detect a biomarker for selection of competent oocytes with acceptable fertilization potential. Calcium ion fluctuation play the most critical role of modulating intercellular signaling pathways in oocyte maturation, egg activation and the egg-to-embryo transition. Since, the stimulatory action of calcium ion is mediated by binding to certain proteins, the calcium/calmodulin-binding genes (CBGs), as the main calcium binding group, was analyzed in detail. METHODS In this work, bioinformatics analysis was conducted on the CBGs of human cumulus cells (CCs) to elucidate a reliable biomarker for fertile oocyte selection. Calcineurin (CaN) or protein phosphatase 3 (PPP3) was selected which consists of a catalytic subunit A with PPP3CA (Aα), PPP3CB (Aβ), and PPP3CC (Aγ) isoforms and a regulatory subunit B. Whereas CaN A regulates calcium ion function, our study gives insights to probable role of related isoforms within human oogenesis process. The presence of CaN A in CCs surrounding growing and mature oocytes was confirmed by western blotting and the expression patterns of related isoforms were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Our results indicated the increased expression of the catalytic subunit of CaN protein in the CCs of metaphase (M) II oocytes. The expression level of PPP3CB was significantly elevated in CCs of fertile MII compared with those in the germinal vesicle (GV), MI and unfertilized MII oocytes (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Elevated level of PPP3CB isoform in the CCs of fertile MII oocyte could be a reliable indication of oocyte fertilization potential. However, further researches are required to introduce CaN Aβ as an appropriate biomarker for oocyte selection in assisted reproduction technique (ART) programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Daei-Farshbaf
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh-Sadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box:14155-5983, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikniyaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiyari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box:14155-5983, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Zhao Q, Zhang K, Li Z, Zhang H, Fu F, Fu J, Zheng M, Zhang S. High Migration and Invasion Ability of PGCCs and Their Daughter Cells Associated With the Nuclear Localization of S100A10 Modified by SUMOylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696871. [PMID: 34336846 PMCID: PMC8322665 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have confirmed that cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or chemoradiotherapy could induce the formation of polyploid tumor giant cells (PGCCs). Polyploid giant cancer cells are a special subpopulation of cancer cells that contribute to solid tumor heterogeneity. The size of PGCC was at least three times larger than regular diploid cancer cells. PGCCs have the properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and can express CSC markers CD44 and CD133. Daughter cells derived from PGCCs have strong proliferation, infiltration and migration abilities. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of daughter cells expressing mesenchymal phenotype and displaying strong abilities of proliferation and migration is unclear. As a plasminogen receptor, S100A10 which is closely associated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors, was highly expressed in PGCCs with their daughter cells. In this study, CoCl2 was used to induce the formation of PGCCs in LoVo and HCT116 CRC cells. Cell functional experiments, co-immunoprecipitation, MG132 and ginkgolic acid treatment, western blot, and ChIP-Seq were used to identify the mechanism of S100A10 nuclear location. The proliferation and migration abilities of PGCCs and their daughter cells decreased significantly after S100A10 knockdown. In the control cells, S100A10 was mainly ubiquitinated, while in PGCCs and daughter cells, S100A10 was mainly SUMOylated, which was associated with S100A10 nuclear location. After SUMO1 was inhibited, the nuclear S100A10 in PGCCs and daughter cells decreased, and their proliferation and migration abilities significantly decreased. ChIP-Seq combined with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that S100A10 regulated the expression of neutrophil defensin 3 (DEFA3), receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (PTPRN2), and rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18 (ARHGEF18), which were associated with actin dynamics and cytoskeleton remodeling. The expression of S100A10 in the nuclei and cytoplasm of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) and liver metastases increased compared with that in rectal cancer without nCRT. Taken together, the expression and nuclear localization of S100A10 modified by SUMOylation were associated with the high proliferation and migration of PGCCs and their daughter cells, and the differentiation, metastases, and relapse of CRCs by regulating the expression of ARHGEF18, PTPRN2, and DEFA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Graduate School, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zugui Li
- 3Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,3Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangmei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,3Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Stenhouse C, Halloran KM, Newton MG, Gaddy D, Suva LJ, Bazer FW. Novel mineral regulatory pathways in ovine pregnancy: II. Calcium-binding proteins, calcium transporters, and vitamin D signaling. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:232-243. [PMID: 33822885 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization of the fetal mammalian skeleton requires a hypercalcemic gradient across the placenta from mother to fetus. However, the mechanisms responsible for maintaining the placental transport of calcium remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify calcium and vitamin D regulatory pathway components in ovine endometria and placentae across gestation. Suffolk ewes were bred with fertile rams upon detection of estrus (Day 0). On Days 9, 12, 17, 30, 70, 90, 110, and 125 of pregnancy (n=3-14/Day), ewes were euthanized and hysterectomized. Calcium abundance was influenced by gestational day in uterine flushings and allantoic fluid (P<0.05). The expression of S100G, S100A9, S100A12, ATP2B3, ATP2B4, TRPV5, TRPV6, CYP11A1, CYP2R1, CYP24, and VDR mRNAs known to be involved in calcium binding, calcium transport, and vitamin D metabolism were quantified by qPCR. Mediators of calcium and vitamin D signaling were expressed by Day 17 conceptus tissue, and endometria and placentae across gestation. Gestational day influenced the expression of S100G, S100A9, S100A12, TRPV6, VDR, and CYP24 mRNAs in endometria and placentae (P<0.05). Gestational day influenced endometrial expression of ATP2B3, and placental expression of TRPV5, ATP2B4, and CYP11A1 (P<0.05). VDR protein localized to the endoderm and trophectoderm (Day 17 conceptus) and was expressed in endometria and placentae throughout gestation. The observed spatiotemporal profile suggests a potential role of calcium and vitamin D in the establishment of pregnancy and regulation of fetal and placental growth, providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Makenzie G Newton
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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19
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Abstract
Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost cause of end-stage renal disease. With the incidence of diabetes increasing day by day, DN's occurrence is expected to surge to pandemic proportions. Current available therapeutic interventions associated with DN emphasize blood pressure, glycemia and lipid control while ignoring DN's progression mechanism at a molecular level. This review sheds light on the molecular insights involved in DN to help understand the initiation and progression pattern. Further, we summarize novel strategies with reported applications in developing a nanomedicine-based platform for DN-targeted drug delivery to improve drug efficacy and safety.
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20
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Hodeify R, Siddiqui SS, Matar R, Vazhappilly CG, Merheb M, Al Zouabi H, Marton J. Modulation of calcium-binding proteins expression and cisplatin chemosensitivity by calcium chelation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06041. [PMID: 33532651 PMCID: PMC7829211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most effective FDA-approved treatments for breast cancer. Previous studies have shown that CDDP-induced cell death in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells is associated with disruption of calcium homeostasis. However, whether the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to cisplatin is associated with dysregulation of the expression of calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the intracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) on viability of MCF-7 cells in the presence of toxic and sub-toxic doses of cisplatin. Furthermore, this study assessed the expression of CaBPs, calmodulin, S100A8, and S100A14 in MCF-7 cells treated with cisplatin. Cell viability was determined using MTT-based in vitro toxicity assay. Intracellular calcium imaging was done using Fluo-4 AM, a cell-permeant fluorescent calcium indicator. Expression of CaBPs was tested using real-time quantitative PCR. Exposure of cells to increasing amounts of CDDP correlated with increasing fluorescence of the intracellular calcium indicator, Fluo-4 AM. Conversely, treating cells with cisplatin significantly decreased mRNA levels of calmodulin, S100A8, and S100A14. Treatment of the cells with calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of sub-toxic dose of cisplatin. Our results indicated a statistically significant negative correlation between calmodulin, S100A8, and S100A14 expression and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to a sub-toxic dose of cisplatin. We propose that modulating the activity of calcium-binding proteins, calmodulin, S100A8, and S100A14, could be used to increase cisplatin efficacy, lowering its treatment dosage while maintaining its chemotherapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shoib Sarwar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain Al Zouabi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - John Marton
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Immunohistochemistry in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours. Sarcoma 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9414-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Hinbest AJ, Kim SR, Eldirany SA, Lomakin IB, Watson J, Ho M, Bunick CG. Structural properties of target binding by profilaggrin A and B domains and other S100 fused-type calcium-binding proteins. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:39-49. [PMID: 32893105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profilaggrin belongs to the S100 fused-type protein family expressed in keratinocytes and is important for skin barrier integrity. Its N-terminus contains an S100 ("A") domain and a unique "B" domain with a nuclear localization sequence. OBJECTIVE To determine whether profilaggrin B domain cooperates with the S100 domain to bind macromolecules. To characterize the biochemical and structural properties of the profilaggrin N-terminal "AB" domain and compare it to other S100 fused-type proteins. METHODS We used biochemical (protease protection, light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, pull-down assays) and computational techniques (sequence analysis, molecular modeling with crystallographic structures) to examine human profilaggrin and S100 fused-type proteins. RESULTS Comparing profilaggrin S100 crystal structure with models of the other S100 fused-type proteins demonstrated each has a unique chemical composition of solvent accessible surface around the hydrophobic binding pocket. S100 fused-type proteins exhibit higher pocket hydrophobicity than soluble S100 proteins. The inter-EF-hand linker in S100 fused-type proteins contains conserved hydrophobic residues involved in binding substrates. Profilaggrin B domain cooperates with the S100 domain to bind annexin II and keratin intermediate filaments in a calcium-dependent manner using exposed cationic surface. Using molecular modeling we demonstrate profilaggrin B domain likely interacts with annexin II domains I and II. Steric clash analysis shows annexin II N-terminal peptide is favored to bind profilaggrin among S100 fused-type proteins. CONCLUSION The N-terminal S100 and B domains of profilaggrin cooperate to bind substrate molecules in granular layer keratinocytes to provide epidermal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sa Rang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sherif A Eldirany
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ivan B Lomakin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph Watson
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minh Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher G Bunick
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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23
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Shen D, Xu B, Liang K, Tang R, Sudlow GP, Egbulefu C, Guo K, Som A, Gilson R, Maji D, Mondal S, Habimana-Griffin L, Akers WJ, Li S, Liu Y, Bloch S, Kurkure S, Nussinov Z, Seidel A, Tsen SWD, Achilefu S. Selective imaging of solid tumours via the calcium-dependent high-affinity binding of a cyclic octapeptide to phosphorylated Annexin A2. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:298-313. [PMID: 32165732 PMCID: PMC7135742 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity and continuous genetic adaptation of tumours complicate their detection and treatment via the targeting of genetic mutations. However, hallmarks of cancer such as aberrant protein phosphorylation and calcium-mediated cell signalling provide broadly conserved molecular targets. Here, we show that, for a range of solid tumours, a cyclic octapeptide labelled with a near-infrared dye selectively binds to phosphorylated Annexin A2 (pANXA2), with high affinity at high levels of calcium. Because of cancer-cell-induced pANXA2 expression in tumour-associated stromal cells, the octapeptide preferentially binds to the invasive edges of tumours, and then traffics within macrophages to the tumour’s necrotic core. As proof-of-concept applications, we used the octapeptide to detect tumour xenografts and metastatic lesions, and to perform fluorescence-guided surgical tumour resection, in mice. Our findings suggest that high levels of pANXA2 in association with elevated calcium are present in the microenvironment of most solid cancers. The octapeptide might be broadly useful for selective tumour imaging and for delivering drugs to the edges and to the core of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanwen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baogang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kexian Liang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gail P Sudlow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kevin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Avik Som
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dolonchampa Maji
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suman Mondal
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - LeMoyne Habimana-Griffin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Walter J Akers
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharon Bloch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sid Kurkure
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zohar Nussinov
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander Seidel
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shaw-Wei D Tsen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Haldar B, Hamilton CL, Solodushko V, Abney KA, Alexeyev M, Honkanen RE, Scammell JG, Cioffi DL. S100A6 is a positive regulator of PPP5C-FKBP51-dependent regulation of endothelial calcium signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:3179-3196. [PMID: 31916625 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901777r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ISOC is a cation current permeating the ISOC channel. In pulmonary endothelial cells, ISOC activation leads to formation of inter-endothelial cell gaps and barrier disruption. The immunophilin FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), in conjunction with the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5C (PPP5C), inhibits ISOC . Free PPP5C assumes an autoinhibitory state, which has low "basal" catalytic activity. Several S100 protein family members bind PPP5C increasing PPP5C catalytic activity in vitro. One of these family members, S100A6, exhibits a calcium-dependent translocation to the plasma membrane. The goal of this study was to determine whether S100A6 activates PPP5C in pulmonary endothelial cells and contributes to ISOC inhibition by the PPP5C-FKBP51 axis. We observed that S100A6 activates PPP5C to dephosphorylate tau T231. Following ISOC activation, cytosolic S100A6 translocates to the plasma membrane and interacts with the TRPC4 subunit of the ISOC channel. Global calcium entry and ISOC are decreased by S100A6 in a PPP5C-dependent manner and by FKBP51 in a S100A6-dependent manner. Further, calcium entry-induced endothelial barrier disruption is decreased by S100A6 dependent upon PPP5C, and by FKBP51 dependent upon S100A6. Overall, these data reveal that S100A6 plays a key role in the PPP5C-FKBP51 axis to inhibit ISOC and protect the endothelial barrier against calcium entry-induced disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnita Haldar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Caleb L Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Viktoriya Solodushko
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kevin A Abney
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Donna L Cioffi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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25
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Hecker N, Lächele U, Stuckas H, Giere P, Hiller M. Convergent vomeronasal system reduction in mammals coincides with convergent losses of calcium signalling and odorant-degrading genes. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3656-3668. [PMID: 31332871 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vomeronasal system (VNS) serves crucial functions for detecting olfactory clues often related to social and sexual behaviour. Intriguingly, two of the main components of the VNS, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the accessory olfactory bulb, are regressed in aquatic mammals, several bats and primates, likely due to adaptations to different ecological niches. To detect genomic changes that are associated with the convergent reduction of the VNS, we performed the first systematic screen for convergently inactivated protein-coding genes associated with convergent VNS reduction, considering 106 mammalian genomes. Extending previous studies, our results support that Trpc2, a cation channel that is important for calcium signalling in the VNO, is a predictive molecular marker for the presence of a VNS. Our screen also detected the convergent inactivation of the calcium-binding protein S100z, the aldehyde oxidase Aox2 that is involved in odorant degradation, and the uncharacterized Mslnl gene that is expressed in the VNO and olfactory epithelium. Furthermore, we found that Trpc2 and S100z or Aox2 are also inactivated in otters and Phocid seals for which no morphological data about the VNS are available yet. This predicts a VNS reduction in these semi-aquatic mammals. By examining the genomes of 115 species in total, our study provides a detailed picture of how the convergent reduction of the VNS coincides with gene inactivation in placental mammals. These inactivated genes provide experimental targets for studying the evolution and biological significance of the olfactory system under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Hecker
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulla Lächele
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Stuckas
- Population Genetics, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Giere
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Heizmann CW. S100 proteins: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in laboratory medicine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Heizmann CW. Ca 2+-Binding Proteins of the EF-Hand Superfamily: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:157-186. [PMID: 30710273 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of Ca2+-sensor proteins containing the specific Ca2+-binding motif (helix-loop-helix, called EF-hand) are of major clinical relevance in a many human diseases. Measurements of troponin, the first intracellular Ca-sensor protein to be discovered, is nowadays the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Mutations have been identified in calmodulin and linked to inherited ventricular tachycardia and in patients affected by severe cardiac arrhythmias. Parvalbumin, when introduced into the diseased heart by gene therapy to increase contraction and relaxation speed, is considered to be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat heart failure. S100 proteins, the largest subgroup with the EF-hand protein family, are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune pathologies. The intention of this review is to summarize the clinical importance of this protein family and their use as biomarkers and potential drug targets, which could help to improve the diagnosis of human diseases and identification of more selective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus W Heizmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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29
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S100A4 inhibits cell proliferation by interfering with the S100A1-RAGE V domain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212299. [PMID: 30779808 PMCID: PMC6380570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-dependent human S100A4 (Mts1) protein is part of the S100 family. Here, we studied the interactions of S100A4 with S100A1 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We used the chemical shift perturbed residues from HSQC to model S100A4 and S100A1 complex with HADDOCK software. We observed that S100A1 and the RAGE V domain have an analogous binding area in S100A4. We discovered that S100A4 acts as an antagonist among the RAGE V domain and S100A1, which inhibits tumorigenesis and cell proliferation. We used a WST-1 assay to examine the bioactivity of S100A1 and S100A4. This study could possibly be beneficial for evaluating new proteins for the treatment of diseases.
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30
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Riuzzi F, Sorci G, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Bellezza I, Minelli A, Donato R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia: the S100B perspective. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1255-1268. [PMID: 30499235 PMCID: PMC6351675 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sarcopenia is a condition of reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, reduced agility, and increased fatigability and risk of bone fractures characteristic of aged, otherwise healthy people. The pathogenesis of primary sarcopenia is not completely understood. Herein, we review the essentials of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal mass maintenance; the alterations of myofiber metabolism and deranged properties of muscle satellite cells (the adult stem cells of skeletal muscles) that underpin the pathophysiology of primary sarcopenia; the role of the Ca2+ -sensor protein, S100B, as an intracellular factor and an extracellular signal regulating cell functions; and the functional role of S100B in muscle tissue. Lastly, building on recent results pointing to S100B as to a molecular determinant of myoblast-brown adipocyte transition, we propose S100B as a transducer of the deleterious effects of accumulation of reactive oxygen species in myoblasts and, potentially, myofibers concurring to the pathophysiology of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
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31
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Bresnick AR. S100 proteins as therapeutic targets. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1617-1629. [PMID: 30382555 PMCID: PMC6297089 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome codes for 21 S100 protein family members, which exhibit cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Despite sharing a high degree of sequence and structural similarity, the S100 proteins bind a diverse range of protein targets and contribute to a broad array of intracellular and extracellular functions. Consequently, the S100 proteins regulate multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and/or invasion, and differentiation, and play important roles in a variety of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review focuses on the development of S100 neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and their potential therapeutic use in controlling disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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32
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Distinct prognostic roles of S100 mRNA expression in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:127-136. [PMID: 30414696 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The S100 protein family is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis, but its prognostic roles in gastric cancer (GC) has not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study, Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) database integrated the expression data and survival information of 1065 GC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE22377, GSE14210 and GSE51105) that published by the three major cancer centers (Berlin, Bethesda and Melbourne). Then this database was used to explore the prognostic values of mRNA expression of each individual S100 in GC patients. We further assessed the prognostic value of S100 in different Lauren classifications, clinicopathological features and clinical treatment of gastric cancer. RESULTS Expression of 12 members of the S100 family correlated with overall survival (OS) for all GC patients. Increased expression of S100A3, S100A5, S100A7, S100A7A, S100A11, S100A13, S100Z and S100 G were found to be strongly associated with worse survival, while S100A8, S100A9, S100B and S100 P were correlated with better prognosis in all GC patients. Further assessment of prognostic values of S100 in gastric cancer with different clinical features indicated that different S100 members may interact with different signaling pathways and exerted different functions in gastric cancer development. CONCLUSIONS Although the results should be further testified in clinical studies, our findings offer new insights into the contribution of S100 members to GC progression and might promote development of S100 targeted reagents for treating GC.
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33
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Brenner AK, Bruserud Ø. S100 Proteins in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1175-1186. [PMID: 30366122 PMCID: PMC6215056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family contains 20 functionally expressed members, which are commonly dysregulated in cancer. Their wide range of functions includes cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of transcription factors, inflammation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. S100 proteins have in several types of cancer proven to be biomarkers for disease progression and prognosis. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive disease in which immature myeloblasts replace normal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. This review focuses on the S100 protein family members, which commonly are dysregulated in AML, and on the consequences of their dysregulation in the disorder. Like in other cancers, it appears as if S100 proteins are potential biomarkers for leukemogenesis. Furthermore, several S100 members seem to be involved in maintaining the leukemic phenotype. For these reasons, specific S100 proteins might serve as prognostic biomarkers, especially in the patient subset with intermediate/undetermined risk, and as potential targets for patient-adjusted therapy. Because the question of the most suitable candidate S100 biomarkers in AML still is under discussion, because particular AML subgroups lead to specific S100 signatures, and because downstream effects and the significance of co-expression of potential S100 binding partners in AML are not fully elucidated yet, we conclude that a panel of S100 proteins will probably be best suited for prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Section for Hematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, P.O. Box 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Section for Hematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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34
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Holloway RW, Thomas ML, Cohen AM, Bharadwaj AG, Rahman M, Marcato P, Marignani PA, Waisman DM. Regulation of cell surface protease receptor S100A10 by retinoic acid therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) ☆. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30206209 PMCID: PMC6134137 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
S100A10 (p11), a member of the S100 family of small dimeric EF-hand-type Ca2+-binding proteins, plays a role in a variety of both intracellular and extracellular processes. Previous studies have suggested that p11 is intrinsically unstable and requires binding to annexin A2 (p36) to prevent its rapid ubiquitylation and degradation. Our laboratory has shown that p11 levels are stimulated by the expression of the oncoprotein, PML/RARα. Furthermore, treatment of the APL cell line, NB4 with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) causes the rapid loss of p36 and p11 protein. However, the mechanism by which ATRA regulates p11 levels has not been established. Here, we show that the proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin reversed the ATRA-dependent loss of p11, but did not cause an accumulation of ubiquitylated forms of p11, suggesting that ATRA promotes the proteasomal degradation of p11 in an ubiquitin-independent manner. ATRA treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells reduced p11 but not p36 transcript and protein levels, thus indicating that ATRA can regulate p11 levels independently of PML/RARα and p36. Overexpression of p36 upregulated p11 protein but not mRNA levels, indicating that p36 affects p11 post translationally. The forced expression of ubiquitin and p11 in 293 T cells resulted in ubiquitylation of p11 that was blocked by mutagenesis of lysine 57. This study highlights the complex regulation of p11 by retinoid signaling and challenges the hypothesis that ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of p11 represents a universal mechanism of regulation of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Holloway
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Margaret L Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Proteomic Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | | | - Mushfiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Paola A Marignani
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - David M Waisman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.
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35
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Kardash EV, Ertuzun IA, Khakimova GR, Kolyadin AN, Tarasov SA, Wagner S, Andriambeloson E, Ivashkin VT, Epstein OI. Dose-Response Effect of Antibodies to S100 Protein and Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 in Released-Active Form in the Light-Dark Test in Mice. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818779752. [PMID: 30013455 PMCID: PMC6043939 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818779752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that combination of antibodies to S100 protein and to cannabinoid receptor type 1 in released-active form (Brizantin) may possess anxiolytic properties and decrease nicotine dependence. Released-active form of antibodies is a novel approach that permits to modify natural functions of the target molecule (antigen) under investigation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effect of Brizantin in the light-dark test in mice, according to its ability to influence the number of entries into the lit compartment and the total time spent there. Three doses of Brizantin (2.5, 5, and 10 mL/kg) were compared with diazepam (1 mg/kg), placebo, and vehicle control. Anxiolytic-like effect of the tested drug was shown to be dose dependent, with an increasing trend from 2.5 to 10 mL/kg. Brizantin in its highest dose significantly increased studied behavioral parameters, although its effect was less pronounced than that of the reference drug diazepam (1 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kardash
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Ertuzun
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Sergey A Tarasov
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Vladimir T Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I Epstein
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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36
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Tiburu EK, Issah I, Darko M, Armah-Sekum RE, Gyampo SOA, Amoateng NK, Kwofie SK, Awandare G. Investigating the Conformation of S100β Protein Under Physiological Parameters Using Computational Modeling: A Clue for Rational Drug Design. Open Biomed Eng J 2018; 12:36-50. [PMID: 30069254 PMCID: PMC6048829 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701812010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiochemical factors such as temperature, pH and cofactors are well known parameters that confer conformational changes in a protein structure. With S100β protein being a metal binding brain-specific receptor for both extracellular and intracellular functions, a change in conformation due to the above-mentioned factors, can compromise their cellular functions and therefore result in several pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Ischemic stroke, as well as Myocardial Infarction. OBJECTIVE The studies conducted sought to elucidate the effect of these physiological factors on the conformational dynamics of S100β protein using computational modeling approaches. METHOD Temperature-dependent and protein-cofactor complexes molecular dynamics simulations were conducted by varying the temperature from 100 to 400K using GROMACS 5.0.3. Additionally, the conformational dynamics of the protein was studied by varying the pH at 5.0, 7.4 and 9.0 using Ambertools17. This was done by preparing the protein molecule, solvating and minimizing its energy level as well as heating it to the required temperature, equilibrating and simulating under desired conditions (NVT and NPT ensembles). RESULTS The results show that the protein misfolds as a function of increasing temperature with alpha helical content at 100K and 400K being 57.8% and 43.3%, respectively. However, the binding sites of the protein was not appreciably affected by temperature variations. The protein displayed high conformational instability in acidic medium (pH ~5.0). The binding sites of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ were identified and each exhibited different groupings of the secondary structural elements (binding motifs). The secondary structure analysis revealed different conformational changes with the characteristic appearance of two beta hairpins in the presence of Zn2+and Mg2+. CONCLUSION High temperatures, different cofactors and acidic pH confer conformational changes to the S100β structure and these results may inform the design of novel drugs against the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis K. Tiburu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ibrahim Issah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Mabel Darko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Robert E. Armah-Sekum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Stephen O. A. Gyampo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nadia K. Amoateng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
| | - Gordon Awandare
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Ghana
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Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) regulation of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels is a powerful Ca2+ feedback mechanism that adjusts Ca2+ influx, affording rich mechanistic insights into Ca2+ decoding. CaM possesses a dual-lobed architecture, a salient feature of the myriad Ca2+-sensing proteins, where two homologous lobes that recognize similar targets hint at redundant signaling mechanisms. Here, by tethering CaM lobes, we demonstrate that bilobal architecture is obligatory for signaling to CaV channels. With one lobe bound, CaV carboxy tail rearranges itself, resulting in a preinhibited configuration precluded from Ca2+ feedback. Reconstitution of two lobes, even as separate molecules, relieves preinhibition and restores Ca2+ feedback. CaV channels thus detect the coincident binding of two Ca2+-free lobes to promote channel opening, a molecular implementation of a logical NOR operation that processes spatiotemporal Ca2+ signals bifurcated by CaM lobes. Overall, a unified scheme of CaV channel regulation by CaM now emerges, and our findings highlight the versatility of CaM to perform exquisite Ca2+ computations.
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Calcium-dependent interaction of monomeric S100P protein with serum albumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:143-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Xiao Y, Shaw GS, Konermann L. Calcium-Mediated Control of S100 Proteins: Allosteric Communication via an Agitator/Signal Blocking Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11460-11470. [PMID: 28758397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric proteins possess dynamically coupled residues for the propagation of input signals to distant target binding sites. The input signals usually correspond to "effector is present" or "effector is not present". Many aspects of allosteric regulation remain incompletely understood. This work focused on S100A11, a dimeric EF-hand protein with two hydrophobic target binding sites. An annexin peptide (Ax) served as the target. Target binding is allosterically controlled by Ca2+ over a distance of ∼26 Å. Ca2+ promotes formation of a [Ca4 S100 Ax2] complex, where the Ax peptides are accommodated between helices III/IV and III'/IV'. Without Ca2+ these binding sites are closed, precluding interactions with Ax. The allosteric mechanism was probed by microsecond MD simulations in explicit water, complemented by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HDX/MS). Consistent with experimental data, MD runs in the absence of Ca2+ and Ax culminated in target binding site closure. In simulations on [Ca4 S100] the target binding sites remained open. These results capture the essence of allosteric control, revealing how Ca2+ prevents binding site closure. Both HDX/MS and MD data showed that the metalation sites become more dynamic after Ca2+ loss. However, these enhanced dynamics do not represent the primary trigger of the allosteric cascade. Instead, a labile salt bridge acts as an incessantly active "agitator" that destabilizes the packing of adjacent residues, causing a domino chain of events that culminates in target binding site closure. This agitator represents the starting point of the allosteric signal propagation pathway. Ca2+ binding rigidifies elements along this pathway, thereby blocking signal transmission. This blocking mechanism does not conform to the commonly held view that allosteric communication pathways generally originate at the sites where effectors interact with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Wang T, Liang Y, Thakur A, Zhang S, Liu F, Khan H, Shi P, Wang N, Chen M, Ren H. Expression and clinicopathological significance of S100 calcium binding protein A2 in lung cancer patients of Chinese Han ethnicity. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 464:118-122. [PMID: 27876462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100 family of calcium-binding proteins plays a significant role in the process of many kinds of tumors, including lung cancer. As an important member of this family, S100 calcium binding protein A2 (S100A2) has been confirmed to be associated with many biological processes, and has an abnormal expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the S100A2 status in lung cancer is still controversial and undefined. METHODS We evaluated the pattern and distribution of S100A2 in 109 cases of lung cancer, including five histological types (47 adenocarcinoma, 46 squamous cell carcinoma, 7 small cell carcinoma, 3 large cell carcinoma, and 6 atypical carcinoid), and 30 cases of paired adjacent normal lung tissues by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the normal tissues (0/30), S100A2 experienced a dramatically upward trend of positive expression in lung cancer, with a positive rate of 68/109 (P<0.001). Specifically, squamous cell carcinoma, with 34/12, had the highest expression ratio, followed by large cell carcinoma (2/1), adenocarcinoma (31/16), and atypical carcinoid (1/5) respectively, while no S100A2 protein was detected in small cell carcinoma. Meanwhile, we firstly demonstrated that the high expression of S100A2 was significantly associated with the incidence of lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma (P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS The association between high S100A2 expression and NSCLC at the level of tissue, and S100A2 may serve as an effective biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Yiqian Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Asmitananda Thakur
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Internal Medicine, Life Guard Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal; S.R. Laboratory and Diagnostic Center, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Hamadhaider Khan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Puyu Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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Uemura T, Green M, Warsh JJ. Chronic LiCl pretreatment suppresses thrombin-stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization through TRPC3 in astroglioma cells. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:549-562. [PMID: 27870504 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels are activated in B lymphoblast cell lines from patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and its expression is reduced by chronic lithium treatment, implicating TRPC3 in the intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) dyshomeostasis of BD. Thrombin, via a protease-activated receptor, moderates Ca2+ signaling and TRPC3 in astrocytes, and also cell proliferation. We examined whether lithium pretreatment attenuates thrombin-stimulated TRPC3 expression and function in astrocytes, and levels of the calcium-binding peptide, S100B, which is expressed mainly in these cells. METHODS Human astroglioma, U-87MG, cells were pretreated with 1 mmol L-1 LiCl for 1 day (acute), 3 days (subacute), and 7 days (chronic). To examine the role of TRPC3, genetically stable knockdown TRPC3 cells (TRPC3Low cells) were constructed using U-87MG cells. Thrombin (2.0 U/mL)-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization was measured by ratiometric fluorimetry. Changes in TRPC3 and S100B expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell proliferation was also measured using the WST-8 assay. RESULTS In this cell model, thrombin-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization, and both TRPC3 and S100B expression were suppressed by chronic LiCl pretreatment and the knockdown of TRPC3. Additionally, cell proliferation was attenuated in TRPC3Low cells, compared with the negative control vector-transfected cell. CONCLUSIONS The reduced Ca2+ mobilization and S100B expression levels following chronic LiCl pretreatment and in TRPC3Low cells support the notion that TRPC3 modulates S100B expression and is the target of the LiCl effect. Downregulation of TRPC3 may be an important mechanism by which lithium ameliorates pathophysiological intracellular Ca2+ disturbances as observed in BD, accounting, in part, for its mood-stabilizing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Uemura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Marty Green
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerry J Warsh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Breitenbach JS, Rinnerthaler M, Trost A, Weber M, Klausegger A, Gruber C, Bruckner D, Reitsamer HA, Bauer JW, Breitenbach M. Transcriptome and ultrastructural changes in dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa resemble skin aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:389-411. [PMID: 26143532 PMCID: PMC4505166 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aging process of skin has been investigated recently with respect to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. We have here observed striking phenotypic and clinical similarity between skin aging and recessive dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), which is caused by recessive mutations in the gene coding for collagen VII, COL7A1. Ultrastructural changes, defects in wound healing, and inflammation markers are in part shared with aged skin. We have here compared the skin transcriptomes of young adults suffering from RDEB with that of sex‐ and age‐matched healthy probands. In parallel we have compared the skin transcriptome of healthy young adults with that of elderly healthy donors. Quite surprisingly, there was a large overlap of the two gene lists that concerned a limited number of functional protein families. Most prominent among the proteins found are a number of proteins of the cornified envelope or proteins mechanistically involved in cornification and other skin proteins. Further, the overlap list contains a large number of genes with a known role in inflammation. We are documenting some of the most prominent ultrastructural and protein changes by immunofluorescence analysis of skin sections from patients, old individuals, and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S Breitenbach
- Department of Dermatology and EB House Austria, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Fachbereich Zellbiologie der Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Trost
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manuela Weber
- Fachbereich Zellbiologie der Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alfred Klausegger
- Department of Dermatology and EB House Austria, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Gruber
- Department of Dermatology and EB House Austria, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Bruckner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert A Reitsamer
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and EB House Austria, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Comparison of gene expression patterns from zebrafish embryos between pure silver nanomaterial and mixed silver nanomaterial containing cells of Hydra magnipapillata. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Tsai SY, Segovia JA, Chang TH, Shil NK, Pokharel SM, Kannan TR, Baseman JB, Defrêne J, Pagé N, Cesaro A, Tessier PA, Bose S. Regulation of TLR3 Activation by S100A9. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4426-37. [PMID: 26385519 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of viral dsRNA by endosomal TLR3 activates innate immune response during virus infection. Trafficking of TLR3 to the endolysosomal compartment arising from fusion of late endosome (LE) with lysosome is required for recognition and detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns, which results in activation of the TLR3-dependent signaling cascade. Existing knowledge about the mechanism(s) and cellular factor(s) governing TLR3 trafficking is limited. In the current study, we identified intracellular S100A9 protein as a critical regulator of TLR3 trafficking. S100A9 was required for maturation of TLR3 containing early endosome (EE) into LE, the compartment that fuses with lysosome to form the endolysosomal compartment. A drastic reduction in cytokine production was observed in S100A9-knockout (KO) primary macrophages following RNA virus infection and treatment of cells with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyIC; a dsRNA mimetic that acts as a TLR3 agonist). Mechanistic studies revealed colocalization and interaction of S100A9 with TLR3 following polyIC treatment. S100A9-TLR3 interaction was critical for maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE because TLR3 could not be detected in the LE of polyIC-treated S100A9-KO macrophages. Subsequently, TLR3 failed to colocalize with its agonist (i.e., biotin-labeled polyIC) in S100A9-deficient macrophages. The in vivo physiological role of S100A9 was evident from loss of cytokine production in polyIC-treated S100A9-KO mice. Thus, we identified intracellular S100A9 as a regulator of TLR3 signaling and demonstrated that S100A9 functions during pre-TLR3 activation stages by facilitating maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yu Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Jesus A Segovia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Te-Hung Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Niraj K Shil
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Swechha M Pokharel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - T R Kannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Joel B Baseman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Joan Defrêne
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Nathalie Pagé
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and Collegium Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Orléans, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Philippe A Tessier
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164;
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Marshall CB, Nishikawa T, Osawa M, Stathopulos PB, Ikura M. Calmodulin and STIM proteins: Two major calcium sensors in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:5-21. [PMID: 25998729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The calcium (Ca(2+)) ion is a universal signalling messenger which plays vital physiological roles in all eukaryotes. To decode highly regulated intracellular Ca(2+) signals, cells have evolved a number of sensor proteins that are ideally adapted to respond to a specific range of Ca(2+) levels. Among many such proteins, calmodulin (CaM) is a multi-functional cytoplasmic Ca(2+) sensor with a remarkable ability to interact with and regulate a plethora of structurally diverse target proteins. CaM achieves this 'multi-talented' functionality through two EF-hand domains, each with an independent capacity to bind targets, and an adaptable flexible linker. By contrast, stromal interaction molecule-1 and -2 (STIMs) have evolved for a specific role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensing using EF-hand machinery analogous to CaM; however, whereas CaM structurally adjusts to dissimilar binding partners, STIMs use the EF-hand machinery to self-regulate the stability of the Ca(2+) sensing domain. The molecular mechanisms underlying the Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction by CaM and STIMs have revealed a remarkable repertoire of actions and underscore the flexibility of nature in molecular evolution and adaption to discrete Ca(2+) levels. Recent genomic sequencing efforts have uncovered a number of disease-associated mutations in both CaM and STIM1. This article aims to highlight the most recent key structural and functional findings in the CaM and STIM fields, and discusses how these two Ca(2+) sensor proteins execute their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Marshall
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tadateru Nishikawa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masanori Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Cho CC, Hung KW, Gorja DR, Yu C. The solution structure of human calcium-bound S100A4 mutated at four cysteine loci. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 62:233-238. [PMID: 25855140 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chang Cho
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Podgorniak T, Milan M, Pujolar JM, Maes GE, Bargelloni L, De Oliveira E, Pierron F, Daverat F. Differences in brain gene transcription profiles advocate for an important role of cognitive function in upstream migration and water obstacles crossing in European eel. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:378. [PMID: 25962588 PMCID: PMC4427925 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European eel is a panmictic species, whose decline has been recorded since the last 20 years. Among human-induced environmental factors of decline, the impact of water dams during species migration is questioned. The main issue of this study was to pinpoint phenotypic traits that predisposed glass eels to successful passage by water barriers. The approach of the study was individual-centred and without any a priori hypothesis on traits involved in the putative obstacles selective pressure. We analyzed the transcription level of 14,913 genes. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of three tissues (brain, liver and muscle) from individuals sampled on three successive forebays separated by water obstacles indicated different gene transcription profiles in brain between the two upstream forebays. No differences in gene transcription levels were observed in liver and muscle samples among segments. A total of 26 genes were differentially transcribed in brain. These genes encode for, among others, keratins, cytokeratins, calcium binding proteins (S100 family), cofilin, calmodulin, claudin and thy-1 membrane glycoprotein. The functional analysis of these genes highlighted a putative role of cytoskeletal dynamics and synaptic plasticity in fish upstream migration. CONCLUSION Synaptic connections in brain are solicited while eels are climbing the obstacles with poorly designed fishways. Successful passage by such barriers can be related to spatial learning and spatial orientation abilities when fish is out of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Podgorniak
- Irstea Bordeaux, UR EABX, HYNES (Irstea - EDF R&D), 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas, 33612, Cedex, France.
| | - Massimo Milan
- University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, PD, Italy.
| | - Jose Marti Pujolar
- University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, PD, Italy. .,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark.
| | - Gregory E Maes
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, Comparative Genomics Centre, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. .,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, PD, Italy.
| | - Eric De Oliveira
- EDF R&D LNHE, HYNES (Irstea-EDF R&D), 6, quai Watier, Bat Q, Chatou, 78400, France.
| | - Fabien Pierron
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, F-33400, France. .,CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, F-33400, France.
| | - Francoise Daverat
- Irstea Bordeaux, UR EABX, HYNES (Irstea - EDF R&D), 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas, 33612, Cedex, France.
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Crystal Structure of Human Profilaggrin S100 Domain and Identification of Target Proteins Annexin II, Stratifin, and HSP27. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1801-1809. [PMID: 25760235 PMCID: PMC4466033 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fused-type S100 protein profilaggrin and its proteolytic products including filaggrin are important in the formation of a normal epidermal barrier; however, the specific function of the S100 calcium-binding domain in profilaggrin biology is poorly understood. To explore its molecular function, we determined a 2.2Å-resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal fused-type S100 domain of human profilaggrin with bound calcium ions. The profilaggrin S100 domain formed a stable dimer, which contained two hydrophobic pockets that provide a molecular interface for protein interactions. Biochemical and molecular approaches demonstrated that three proteins, annexin II/p36, stratifin/14-3-3 sigma, and Hsp27, bind to the N-terminal domain of human profilaggrin; one protein (stratifin) co-localized with profilaggrin in the differentiating granular cell layer of human skin. Together, these findings suggest a model where the profilaggrin N-terminus uses calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protein-protein interactions to regulate its involvement in keratinocyte terminal differentiation and incorporation into the cornified cell envelope.
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Cerofolini L, Amato J, Borsi V, Pagano B, Randazzo A, Fragai M. Probing the interaction of distamycin A with S100β: the "unexpected" ability of S100β to bind to DNA-binding ligands. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:376-84. [PMID: 25694263 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA-minor-groove-binding ligands are potent antineoplastic molecules. The antibiotic distamycin A is the prototype of one class of these DNA-interfering molecules that have been largely used in vitro. The affinity of distamycin A for DNA is well known, and the structural details of the complexes with some B-DNA and G-quadruplex-forming DNA sequences have been already elucidated. Here, we show that distamycin A binds S100β, a protein involved in the regulation of several cellular processes. The reported affinity of distamycin A for the calcium(II)-loaded S100β reinforces the idea that some biological activities of the DNA-minor-groove-binding ligands arise from the binding to cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Giotto Biotech, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
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Abstract
In humans, the S100 protein family is composed of 21 members that exhibit a high degree of structural similarity, but are not functionally interchangeable. This family of proteins modulates cellular responses by functioning both as intracellular Ca(2+) sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated expression of multiple members of the S100 family is a common feature of human cancers, with each type of cancer showing a unique S100 protein profile or signature. Emerging in vivo evidence indicates that the biology of most S100 proteins is complex and multifactorial, and that these proteins actively contribute to tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Drug discovery efforts have identified leads for inhibiting several S100 family members, and two of the identified inhibitors have progressed to clinical trials in patients with cancer. This Review highlights new findings regarding the role of S100 family members in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the contribution of S100 signalling to tumour biology, and the discovery and development of S100 inhibitors for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - David J. Weber
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
| | - Danna B. Zimmer
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
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