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Espinoza-Gutiérrez HA, López-Salido SC, Flores-Soto ME, Tejeda-Martínez AR, Chaparro-Huerta V, Viveros-Paredes JM. Angiotensinergic effect of β-Caryophyllene on Lipopolysaccharide- induced systemic inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 719:150081. [PMID: 38744071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a peptidergic system, canonically known for its role in blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, a non-canonical RAS regulates pathophysiological phenomena, such as inflammation since it consists of two main axes: the pro-inflammatory renin/(pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) axis, and the anti-inflammatory angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7))/Mas Receptor (MasR) axis. Few phytochemicals have shown to exert angiotensinergic and anti-inflammatory effects through some of these axes; nevertheless, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as phytocannabinoids have not been studied regarding this subject. Among phytocannabinoids, β-Caryophyllene stands out as a dietary phytocannabinoid with antiphlogistic activity that possess a unique sesquiterpenoid structure. Although its cannabinergic effect has been studied, its angiotensinergic effect reminds underexplored. This study aims to explore the angiotensinergic effect of β-Caryophyllene on inflammation and stress at a systemic level. After intranasal Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) installation and oral treatment with β-Caryophyllene, the concentration and activity of key RAS elements in the serum, such as Renin, ACE2 and Ang-(1-7), along with the stress hormone corticosterone and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, were measured in mice serum. The results show that β-Caryophyllene treatment modified RAS levels by increasing Renin and Ang-(1-7), alongside the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone levels. These results indicate that β-Caryophyllene exhibits angiotensinergic activity in favor of anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alejandro Espinoza-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sofía Cecilia López-Salido
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aldo Rafael Tejeda-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Veronica Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Kamada S, Noguchi H, Yamamoto S, Tamura K, Aoki H, Takeda A, Uchishiba M, Minato S, Arata M, Arakaki R, Inui H, Kagawa T, Kawakita T, Yoshida A, Mineda A, Yamamoto Y, Kinouchi R, Yoshida K, Kaji T, Nishimura M, Iwasa T. Stress responses to bacterial and viral mimetics in polycystic ovary syndrome model rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100772. [PMID: 38650845 PMCID: PMC11033849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of psychological distress as well as enhanced responses to psychosocial stress. Recently, it was hypothesized that PCOS patients may be at high risk of novel COVID-19 infections and worse clinical presentations during such infections. Here, we evaluated the effects of PCOS on stress responses to bacterial and viral mimetics using dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS model rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a bacterial mimetic) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly-IC; a viral mimetic) was injected into PCOS model rats (PCOS) and non-PCOS rats (control), and the rats' stress responses were evaluated. In the PCOS group, the rats' anorectic and febrile responses to LPS injection were enhanced, whereas their anorectic and febrile responses to Poly-IC injection were unaltered. The PCOS group also exhibited greater changes in peripheral cytokine levels in response to LPS, but not Poly-IC. On the contrary, after the injection of Poly-IC depressed locomotor activity was more evident in the PCOS group, whereas no such changes were observed after LPS injection. These findings indicate that although the stress responses of PCOS model rats to infection may be enhanced, the patterns of change in stress responses and their underlying mechanisms may differ between bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kou Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maimi Uchishiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Moeka Arata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ayuka Mineda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Riyo Kinouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Nishimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Fanelli G, Franke B, Fabbri C, Werme J, Erdogan I, De Witte W, Poelmans G, Ruisch IH, Reus LM, van Gils V, Jansen WJ, Vos SJ, Alam KA, Martinez A, Haavik J, Wimberley T, Dalsgaard S, Fóthi Á, Barta C, Fernandez-Aranda F, Jimenez-Murcia S, Berkel S, Matura S, Salas-Salvadó J, Arenella M, Serretti A, Mota NR, Bralten J. Local patterns of genetic sharing challenge the boundaries between neuropsychiatric and insulin resistance-related conditions. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.07.24303921. [PMID: 38496672 PMCID: PMC10942494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.24303921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of insulin resistance (IR)-related metabolic conditions with neuropsychiatric disorders is a complex public health challenge. Evidence of the genetic links between these phenotypes is emerging, but little is currently known about the genomic regions and biological functions that are involved. To address this, we performed Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) using large-scale (N=9,725-933,970) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) results for three IR-related conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome) and nine neuropsychiatric disorders. Subsequently, positional and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)-based gene mapping and downstream functional genomic analyses were performed on the significant loci. Patterns of negative and positive local genetic correlations (|rg|=0.21-1, pFDR<0.05) were identified at 109 unique genomic regions across all phenotype pairs. Local correlations emerged even in the absence of global genetic correlations between IR-related conditions and Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, and Tourette's syndrome. Genes mapped to the correlated regions showed enrichment in biological pathways integral to immune-inflammatory function, vesicle trafficking, insulin signalling, oxygen transport, and lipid metabolism. Colocalisation analyses further prioritised 10 genetically correlated regions for likely harbouring shared causal variants, displaying high deleterious or regulatory potential. These variants were found within or in close proximity to genes, such as SLC39A8 and HLA-DRB1, that can be targeted by supplements and already known drugs, including omega-3/6 fatty acids, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering drugs. Overall, our findings underscore the complex genetic landscape of IR-neuropsychiatric multimorbidity, advocating for an integrated disease model and offering novel insights for research and treatment strategies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanelli
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Josefin Werme
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Izel Erdogan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I. Hyun Ruisch
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Maria Reus
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Veerle van Gils
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J.B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson’s Disease, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Theresa Wimberley
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Glostrup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Barta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jimenez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychological Services, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Berkel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and biotechnology Department, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Martina Arenella
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | | | - Nina Roth Mota
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zamolodchikova TS, Tolpygo SM, Kotov AV. Insulin in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system: a new perspective on the mechanism of insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1293221. [PMID: 38323106 PMCID: PMC10844507 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1293221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
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de Miranda AS, Macedo DS, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL. Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:107-122. [PMID: 36173067 PMCID: PMC10716884 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927093815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, are associated to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders remain to be fully elucidated, which has hampered the development of effective therapies. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically viewed as a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. The discovery that RAS components are expressed in the brain pointed out a potential role for this system in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. The understanding of RAS involvement in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders may contribute to identifying novel therapeutic targets. AIMS We aim to report current experimental and clinical evidence on the role of RAS in physiology and pathophysiology of mood disorders, schizophrenia, AD and related dementias. We also aim to discuss bottlenecks and future perspectives that can foster the development of new related therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSION The available evidence supports positive therapeutic effects for neuropsychiatric disorders with the inhibition/antagonism of the ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis or the activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Most of this evidence comes from pre-clinical studies and clinical studies lag much behind, hampering a potential translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva de Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIIM), Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research, and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Rocha
- Department of Neurology, The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Lin X, Wang X, Feng W, Wan Y, Chai J, Li F, Xu M. The Counteracting Effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the Function andGrowth of Insulin-secreting NIT-1 Cells. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010124225112. [PMID: 38173074 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998276291231204115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China now has the highest number of diabetes in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes insulin resistance by acting on the insulin signaling pathway of peripheral target tissues. However, its effect on islet β-cells remains unclear. The possible role of Angiotensin-( 1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] as an antagonist to the effects of Ang II and in treating diabetes needs to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the function and growth of islet β cell line NIT-1, which is derived from the islets of non-obese diabetic/large T-antigen (NOD/LT) mice with insulinoma. METHODS NIT-1 cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their respective receptor antagonists. The impact on cell function and growth was then evaluated. RESULTS Ang II significantly reduced insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser; while Ang-(1-7), saralasin (an Ang II receptor antagonist), and diphenyleneiodonium [DPI, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) antagonist] reversed the inhibiting effect. Conversely, Ang II significantly increased insulin-stimulated intracellular H2O2 and P47 phox, while saralasin and DPI reverted the effect. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) reduced the elevated concentrations of ROS and MDA while increasing the proliferation rate that was reduced by high glucose, all of which were reversed by A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor (MasR). CONCLUSION Angiotensin II poses a negative regulatory effect on insulin signal transduction, increases oxidative stress, and may inhibit the transcription of insulin genes stimulated by insulin in NIT-1 cells. Meanwhile, angiotensin-(1-7) blocked these effects via MasR. These results corroborate the rising potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilian Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Abdel Rasheed NO, Shiha NA, Mohamed SS, Ibrahim WW. SIRT1/PARP-1/NLRP3 cascade as a potential target for niacin neuroprotective effect in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110720. [PMID: 37562290 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mood disorder characterized by monoamines deficiency, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Niacin (vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid, NA), a chief mediator of neuronal development and survival in the central nervous system, exerts neuroprotective effects in several experimental models. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effect of NA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mouse model of depression exploring its ability to regulate sirtuin1/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)/nod-likereceptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling. MAIN METHODS Mice were injected with LPS (500 µg/kg, i.p) every other day alone or concurrently with oral doses of either NA (40 mg/kg/day) or escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. KEY FINDINGS Administration of NA resulted in significant attenuation of animals' despair reflected by decreased immobility time in forced swimming test. Moreover, NA induced monoamines upsurge in addition to sirtuin1 activation with subsequent down regulation of PARP-1 in the hippocampus. Further, it diminished nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome with consequent reduction of caspase-1, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, thus mitigating LPS-induced neuroinflammation. NA also reduced tumor suppressor protein (p53) while elevating brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. LPS-induced decline in neuronal survival was reversed by NA administration with an obvious increase in the number of intact cells recorded in the histopathological micrographs. SIGNIFICANCE Accordingly, NA is deemed as a prosperous candidate for depression management via targeting SIRT1/PARP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora O Abdel Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nesma A Shiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gong S, Deng F. Renin-angiotensin system: The underlying mechanisms and promising therapeutical target for depression and anxiety. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1053136. [PMID: 36761172 PMCID: PMC9902382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional disorders, including depression and anxiety, contribute considerably to morbidity across the world. Depression is a serious condition and is projected to be the top contributor to the global burden of disease by 2030. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in hypertension and emotional disorders is well established. Evidence points to an association between elevated RAS activity and depression and anxiety, partly through the induction of neuroinflammation, stress, and oxidative stress. Therefore, blocking the RAS provides a theoretical basis for future treatment of anxiety and depression. The evidence for the positive effects of RAS blockers on depression and anxiety is reviewed, aiming to provide a promising target for novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for improving the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression, which independent of blood pressure management.
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Tiwari P, Tiwari V, Gupta S, Shukla S, Hanif K. Activation of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Glial Activation by Modulating Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:203-227. [PMID: 36251234 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with activation of glial cells and pro-inflammatory arm of the central Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) namely, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme/Angiotensin II/Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor (ACE/Ang II/AT1R) axis. Apart from this, another axis of RAS also exists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas Receptor (ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR), which counters ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis by showing anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis has not been explored in glial activation and neuroinflammation. Hence, the present study tries to unveil the role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation using diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 activator, in astroglial (C6) and microglial (BV2) cells as well as male SD rats. We found that ACE2 activation efficiently prevented LPS-induced changes by decreasing glial activation, inflammatory signaling, cell migration, ROS generation via upregulation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR signaling. In addition, activation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis by DIZE significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis by reducing Ang II level in neuroinflammatory conditions induced by LPS in both in vitro and in vivo. ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis activation further decreased mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis, hence providing neuroprotection. Furthermore, to validate that the beneficial effect of the ACE2 activator was indeed through MasR, a selective MasR antagonist (A779) was used that significantly blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of ACE2 activation by DIZE. Hence, our study demonstrated that ACE2 activation imparted neuroprotection by enhancing ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR signaling which in turn decreased glial activation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis and improved mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shivangi Gupta
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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10
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Soluble ANPEP Released From Human Astrocytes as a Positive Regulator of Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation: Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100424. [PMID: 36220603 PMCID: PMC9650055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are major supportive glia and immune modulators in the brain; they are highly secretory in nature and interact with other cell types via their secreted proteomes. To understand how astrocytes communicate during neuroinflammation, we profiled the secretome of human astrocytes following stimulation with proinflammatory factors. A total of 149 proteins were significantly upregulated in stimulated astrocytes, and a bioinformatics analysis of the astrocyte secretome revealed that the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important mechanism of astrocyte communication. We observed that the levels of soluble form of aminopeptidase N (sANPEP), an RAS component that converts angiotensin (Ang) III to Ang IV in a neuroinflammatory milieu, significantly increased in the astrocyte secretome. To elucidate the role of sANPEP and Ang IV in neuroinflammation, we first evaluated the expression of Ang IV receptors in human glial cells because Ang IV mediates biological effects through its receptors. The expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor was considerably upregulated in activated human microglial cells but not in human astrocytes. Moreover, interleukin-1β release from human microglial cells was synergistically increased by cotreatment with sANPEP and its substrate, Ang III, suggesting the proinflammatory action of Ang IV generated by sANPEP. In a mouse neuroinflammation model, brain microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression levels were increased by intracerebroventricular injection of sANPEP and attenuated by an enzymatic inhibitor and neutralizing antibody against sANPEP. Collectively, our results indicate that astrocytic sANPEP-induced increase in Ang IV exacerbates neuroinflammation by interacting with microglial proinflammatory receptor angiotensin type 1 receptor, highlighting an important role of indirect crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia through the brain RAS in neuroinflammation.
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11
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Antidepressant-like Effects of Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren in an Inflammatory Mouse Model of Depression. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050655. [PMID: 35625041 PMCID: PMC9139539 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a neuropsychic disease that has global prevalence and is associated with disability. The pathophysiology of depression is not well understood; however, emerging evidence has indicated that neuroinflammation could contribute to developing depression symptoms. One of the factors that have a role in the development of neuroinflammation is the renin–angiotensin system. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to determine the antidepressant-like effects of Aliskiren, a renin inhibitor, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice, glial cell activation, and the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex. For behavioral studies, the open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used. Inflammatory markers were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). LPS administration (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)) sufficiently reduced the number of crossings in OFT, whereas Aliskiren pretreatment (10 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the LPS effect for two hours after LPS injection. The treatments did not show effects on locomotor activity in OFT 24 h after LPS administration. LPS increased the immobility time in TST and FST or reduced sucrose consumption in SPT after 24 h. Aliskiren reversed the effects induced by LPS in TST, FST, and SPT. CD11 b mRNA, a microglial marker, GFAP mRNA, an astroglial marker, and proinflammatory cytokines genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were upregulated in the prefrontal cortex in LPS exposed animals. However, Aliskiren reduced LPS-induced inflammatory genes in the prefrontal cortex. Hence, the outcomes conclude that Aliskiren prevents depressive illness associated with neuroinflammation in humans.
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12
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Angiotensin II related glial cell activation and necroptosis of retinal ganglion cells after systemic hypotension in glaucoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:323. [PMID: 35396550 PMCID: PMC8993868 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design an animal model mimicking glaucoma with hemodynamic instability and to identify involvement of angiotensin II (AngII) and associated changes of the retina. Systemic hypotension was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by oral hydrochlorothiazide administration. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12-week time points. AngII and receptor levels were examined in the serum and retina. To examine the relationship between glia activation and associated RGC death, biochemical analysis of GFAP, Iba-1, and necroptosis associated factors such as TNFα, receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1, 3, and inactive caspase 8 were explored. To investigate the difference in RGC death mechanism, JNK inhibitor or RIP3 inhibitor were given intraperitoneally to rats with ocular hypertension and systemic hypotension both to identify the pathway mainly involved. AngII and receptors were increased in the serum and retina of systemic hypotensive rat. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after hypotension induction, glial activation was increased as indicated by GFAP and Iba-1 staining. TNFα, RIP3 were elevated. and downregulation of inactive caspase 8 was apparent in the retina of hypotensive rat. Electron microscopy revealed that necroptosis of RGC was gradually increased after systemic hypotension. Following intraperitoneal JNK inhibitor or RIP3 inhibitor administration, RGC loss was attenuated in systemic hypotensive rats but not in ocular hypertensive rats. In conclusion, AngII is involved in glial activation and associated RGC necroptosis following systemic hypotension. This pathway represents a novel and distinct cell death mechanism when compared to that involved in elevated intraocular pressure.
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13
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Marchetti B, Giachino C, Tirolo C, Serapide MF. "Reframing" dopamine signaling at the intersection of glial networks in the aged Parkinsonian brain as innate Nrf2/Wnt driver: Therapeutical implications. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13575. [PMID: 35262262 PMCID: PMC9009237 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling via G protein‐coupled receptors is a multifunctional neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine–immune modulator. The DA nigrostriatal pathway, which controls the motor coordination, progressively degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), a most common neurodegenerative disorder (ND) characterized by a selective, age‐dependent loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons, where DA itself is a primary source of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, intersecting astrocyte and microglial inflammatory networks. Importantly, glia acts as a preferential neuroendocrine–immune DA target, in turn, counter‐modulating inflammatory processes. With a major focus on DA intersection within the astrocyte–microglial inflammatory network in PD vulnerability, we herein first summarize the characteristics of DA signaling systems, the propensity of DA neurons to oxidative stress, and glial inflammatory triggers dictating the vulnerability to PD. Reciprocally, DA modulation of astrocytes and microglial reactivity, coupled to the synergic impact of gene–environment interactions, then constitute a further level of control regulating midbrain DA neuron (mDAn) survival/death. Not surprisingly, within this circuitry, DA converges to modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling, a key pathway for mDAn neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation, adding to the already complex “signaling puzzle,” a novel actor in mDAn–glial regulatory machinery. Here, we propose an autoregulatory feedback system allowing DA to act as an endogenous Nrf2/Wnt innate modulator and trace the importance of DA receptor agonists applied to the clinic as immune modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Tirolo
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
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14
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Ghrelin ameliorates diabetes-associated behavioral deficits and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via autophagic flux enhancement. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Schizophrenia-like endurable behavioral and neuroadaptive changes induced by ketamine administration involve Angiotensin II AT 1 receptor. Behav Brain Res 2022; 425:113809. [PMID: 35218792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disease affecting 1% worldwide population, of which 30% are refractory to the available treatments: thus, searching for new pharmacological targets is imperative. The acute and repeated ketamine administration are validated preclinical models that recreate the behavioral and neurochemical features of this pathology, including the parvalbumin-expressing interneurons dysfunction. Angiotensin II, through AT1 receptors (AT1-R), modulates the dopaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. We evaluated the AT1-R role in the long-term neuronal activation and behavioral alterations induced by repeated ketamine administration. Adult male Wistar rats received AT1-R antagonist candesartan/vehicle (days 1-10) and ketamine/saline (days 6-10). After 14 days of drug-free, neuronal activation and behavioral analysis were performed. Locomotor activity, social interaction and novel object recognition tests were assessed at basal conditions or after ketamine challenge. Immunostaining for c-Fos, GAD67 and parvalbumin were assessed after ketamine challenge in cingulate, insular, piriform, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortices, striatum, and hippocampus. Additionally, to evaluate the AT1-R involvement in acute ketamine psychotomimetic effects, the same behavioral tests were performed after 6 days of daily-candesartan and a single-ketamine administration. We found that ketamine-induced long-lasting schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations, and regional-dependent neuronal activation changes, involving the GABAergic neurotransmission system and the parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, were AT1-R-dependent. The AT1-R were not involved in the acute ketamine psychotomimetic effects. These results add new evidence to the wide spectrum of action of ketamine and strengthen the AT1-R involvement in endurable alterations induced by psychostimulants administration, previously proposed by our group, as well as their preponderant role in the development of psychiatric pathologies.
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16
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Molecular mechanisms linking stress and insulin resistance. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:317-334. [PMID: 35368460 PMCID: PMC8971350 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is ample evidence to support the strong relationship between stress and insulin resistance. While diabetes mellitus acts as a potent stress inducer, stress may be an upstream event for insulin resistance as well. It is widely recognized that diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among people who have a stressful lifestyle; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we surveyed the scientific literature for possible interactions between stress and insulin resistance and found that stress can impair glucose homeostasis, working through at least six molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Habib Yaribeygi, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Repova K, Aziriova S, Krajcirovicova K, Simko F. Cardiovascular therapeutics: A new potential for anxiety treatment? Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1202-1245. [PMID: 34993995 PMCID: PMC9304130 DOI: 10.1002/med.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Besides the well‐recognized risk factors, novel conditions increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are emerging. Undesirable emotions and behavior such as anxiety and depression, appear to participate in worsening cardiovascular pathologies. On the other hand, deteriorating conditions of the heart and vasculature result in disturbed mental and emotional health. The pathophysiological background of this bidirectional interplay could reside in an inappropriate activation of vegetative neurohormonal and other humoral systems in both cardiovascular and psychological disturbances. This results in circulus vitiosus potentiating mental and circulatory disorders. Thus, it appears to be of utmost importance to examine the alteration of emotions, cognition, and behavior in cardiovascular patients. In terms of this consideration, recognizing the potential of principal cardiovascular drugs to interact with the mental state in patients with heart or vasculature disturbances is unavoidable, to optimize their therapeutic benefit. In general, beta‐blockers, central sympatholytics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone receptor blockers, sacubitril/valsartan, and fibrates are considered to exert anxiolytic effect in animal experiments and clinical settings. Statins and some beta‐blockers appear to have an equivocal impact on mood and anxiety and ivabradine expressed neutral psychological impact. It seems reasonable to suppose that the knowledge of a patient's mood, cognition, and behavior, along with applying careful consideration of the choice of the particular cardiovascular drug and respecting its potential psychological benefit or harm might improve the individualized approach to the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Repova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Aziriova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Krajcirovicova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fedor Simko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Recent Advances in the Endogenous Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Drugs Acting on It. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9293553. [PMID: 34925551 PMCID: PMC8651430 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9293553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is the part of the endocrine system that plays a prime role in the control of essential hypertension. Since the discovery of brain RAS in the seventies, continuous efforts have been put by the scientific committee to explore it more. The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR). AGT acts as the precursor molecule for Ang peptides—I, II, III, and IV—while the enzymes such as prorenin, ACE, and aminopeptidases A and N synthesize it. AT1, AT2, AT4, and mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR) are found to be plentiful in the brain. The brain RAS system exhibits pleiotropic properties such as neuroprotection and cognition along with regulation of blood pressure, CVS homeostasis, thirst and salt appetite, stress, depression, alcohol addiction, and pain modulation. The molecules acting through RAS predominantly ARBs and ACEI are found to be effective in various ongoing and completed clinical trials related to cognition, memory, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and pain. The review summarizes the recent advances in the brain RAS system highlighting its significance in pathophysiology and treatment of the central nervous system-related disorders.
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19
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Dang R, Yang M, Cui C, Wang C, Zhang W, Geng C, Han W, Jiang P. Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/mas receptor axis triggers autophagy and suppresses microglia proinflammatory polarization via forkhead box class O1 signaling. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13480. [PMID: 34529881 PMCID: PMC8520723 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain renin‐angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) is implicated in neuroinflammation, a major characteristic of aging process. Angiotensin (Ang) II, produced by angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), activates immune system via angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), whereas Ang(1–7), generated by ACE2, binds with Mas receptor (MasR) to restrain excessive inflammatory response. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the relationship between RAS and neuroinflammation. We found that repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment shifted the balance between ACE/Ang II/AT1 and ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR axis to the deleterious side and treatment with either MasR agonist, AVE0991 (AVE) or ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate, exhibited strong neuroprotective actions. Mechanically, activation of ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR axis triggered the Forkhead box class O1 (FOXO1)‐autophagy pathway and induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the FOXO1‐targeted antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, knockdown of MasR or FOXO1 in BV2 cells, or using the selective FOXO1 inhibitor, AS1842856, in animals, suppressed FOXO1 translocation and compromised the autophagic process induced by MasR activation. We further used chloroquine (CQ) to block autophagy and showed that suppressing either FOXO1 or autophagy abrogated the anti‐inflammatory action of AVE. Likewise, Ang(1–7) also induced FOXO1 signaling and autophagic flux following LPS treatment in BV2 cells. Cotreatment with AS1842856 or CQ all led to autophagic inhibition and thereby abolished Ang(1–7)‐induced remission on NLRP3 inflammasome activation caused by LPS exposure, shifting the microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Collectively, these results firstly illustrated the mechanism of ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR axis in neuroinflammation, strongly indicating the involvement of FOXO1‐mediated autophagy in the neuroimmune‐modulating effects triggered by MasR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jining First People’s HospitalJining Medical University Jining China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jining First People’s HospitalJining Medical University Jining China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University Zhongshan China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jining First People’s HospitalJining Medical University Jining China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jining First People’s HospitalJining Medical University Jining China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jining First People’s HospitalJining Medical University Jining China
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20
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Sun Y, Ma L, Chen J, Wang W, Peng S, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ju P. RNA-seq co-expression network analysis reveals anxiolytic behavior of mice with Efnb2 knockout in parvalbumin+ neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:118. [PMID: 34281570 PMCID: PMC8287822 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders, and the change in the activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered as the underlying pathological mechanism. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) inhibition contributes to the overall activity of the PFC. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the excitation-inhibition imbalance of PV+ neurons in the PFC is unknown. Efnb2 is a membrane-bound molecule that plays an important role in the nervous system through binding the Eph receptor. To investigate whether the loss of Efnb2 in PV+ affects anxiety, we examined the behavior of wild type and Efnb2 in PV+ neurons knockout (KO) mice. We monitored the defensive responses to aversive stimuli of elevated plus maze (EPM) and found that KO mice exhibited obvious fearless and anxiolytic behaviors. To further investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism, we performed RNA sequencing, analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and constructed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The WGCNA identified 12 characteristic modules. Among them, the MEgreen module showed the most significant correlation with KO mice of EPM stimuli. The Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that this was related to the distal axon, Ras signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the whole-cell voltage clamp recordings also proved that Efnb2 gene knock-out could affect synaptic function. Together with the transcriptomic analysis of mice with Efnb2 knockout on PV+ neurons, our findings suggest that Efnb2 gene in the PV+ neuron of PFC may be a crucial factor for fear and anxiety, which provide an insight into anxiety pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Le Ma
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
- King’s Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Weidi Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shiyu Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
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21
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Neuroinflammation: A Signature or a Cause of Epilepsy? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136981. [PMID: 34209535 PMCID: PMC8267969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can be both a primary pathology and a secondary effect of many neurological conditions. Many papers show that neuroinflammation is a product of epilepsy, and that in pathological conditions characterized by neuroinflammation, there is a higher probability to develop epilepsy. However, the bidirectional mechanism of the reciprocal interaction between epilepsy and neuroinflammation remains to be fully understood. Here, we attempt to explore and discuss the relationship between epilepsy and inflammation in some paradigmatic neurological and systemic disorders associated with epilepsy. In particular, we have chosen one representative form of epilepsy for each one of its actual known etiologies. A better understanding of the mechanistic link between neuroinflammation and epilepsy would be important to improve subject-based therapies, both for prophylaxis and for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Basmadjian OM, Occhieppo VB, Marchese NA, Silvero C MJ, Becerra MC, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Amphetamine Induces Oxidative Stress, Glial Activation and Transient Angiogenesis in Prefrontal Cortex via AT 1-R. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647747. [PMID: 34012397 PMCID: PMC8126693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Amphetamine (AMPH) alters neurons, glia and microvessels, which affects neurovascular unit coupling, leading to disruption in brain functions such as attention and working memory. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these alterations. The angiotensin type I receptors (AT1-R) mediate deleterious effects, such as oxidative/inflammatory responses, endothelial dysfunction, neuronal oxidative damage, alterations that overlap with those observed from AMPH exposure. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the AT1-R role in AMPH-induced oxidative stress and glial and vascular alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the involvement of AT1-R in the AMPH-induced short-term memory and working memory deficit. Methods: Male Wistar rats were repeatedly administered with the AT1-R blocker candesartan (CAND) and AMPH. Acute oxidative stress in the PFC was evaluated immediately after the last AMPH administration by determining lipid and protein peroxidation. After 21 off-drug days, long-lasting alterations in the glia, microvessel architecture and to cognitive tasks were evaluated by GFAP, CD11b and von Willebrand immunostaining and by short-term and working memory assessment. Results: AMPH induced acute oxidative stress, long-lasting glial reactivity in the PFC and a working memory deficit that were prevented by AT1-R blockade pretreatment. Moreover, AMPH induces transient angiogenesis in PFC via AT1-R. AMPH did not affect short-term memory. Conclusion: Our results support the protective role of AT1-R blockade in AMPH-induced oxidative stress, transient angiogenesis and long-lasting glial activation, preserving working memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo M Basmadjian
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria B Occhieppo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Marchese
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Jazmin Silvero C
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Becerra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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23
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Heimfarth L, dos Santos MA, Barreto-Filho JA, Barreto AS, Macedo FN, Araújo AADS, Martins-Filho P, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Insights into the actions of angiotensin-1 receptor (AT1R) inverse agonists: Perspectives and implications in COVID-19 treatment. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:252-275. [PMID: 33628162 PMCID: PMC7898045 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has caused chaos in health care systems. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are variable, with a complex pathophysiology and as yet no specific treatment. It has been suggested that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a possible role in the severity of cases and the number of deaths. Our hypothesis is that drugs with inverse agonist effects to the angiotensin-1 receptor can be promising tools in the management of patients with COVID-19, possibly avoiding complications and the poor evolution in some cases. Any risk factors first need to be identified, and the most appropriate time to administer the drugs during the course of the infection also needs to be established. Several angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) have a favorable profile and are important candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. In this review we discussed a set of compounds with favorable profile for COVID-19 treatment, including azilsartan, candesartan, eprosartan, EXP3174, olmesartan, telmisartan, and valsartan. They are effective as inverse agonists and could reduce the "cytokine storm" and reducing oxidative stress. As COVID-19 disease has several evolution patterns, the effectiveness of ARB therapy would be related to infection "timing", patient risk factors, previous use of ARBs, and the specific molecular effects of an ARB. However, controlled studies are needed to identify whether ARBs are beneficial in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Sales Barreto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Martins-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil, Zip Code: 49.100-000; Tel.: +55-79-21056645, Fax: +55-79-3212-6640, E-mail: ,
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24
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Subba R, Sandhir R, Singh SP, Mallick BN, Mondal AC. Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2870-2900. [PMID: 33529409 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing depression and vice versa. Research on this bidirectional association has somewhat managed to delineate the interplay among implicated physiological processes. Still, further exploration is required in this context. This review addresses the comorbidity by investigating suspected common pathophysiological mechanisms. One such factor is psychological stress which disturbs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing hormonal imbalance. This includes elevated cortisol levels, a common biomarker of both depression and diabetes. Disrupted insulin signaling drives the hampered neurotransmission of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Also, adipokine hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, are involved in both depression and T2DM. This disarray further interferes with physiological processes encompassing sleep, the gut-brain axis, metabolism, and mood stability. Behavioral coping mechanisms, such as unhealthy eating, mediate disturbed glucose homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. This is intricately linked to oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, interventions such as psychotherapy, physical exercise, fecal microbiota transplantation, and insulin-sensitizing agents can help to manage the distressing condition. The possibility of glucagon-like peptide 1 possessing a therapeutic role has also been discussed. Nonetheless, there stands an urgent need for unraveling new correlating targets and biological markers for efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Subba
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Shishkina GT, Bannova AV, Komysheva NP, Dygalo NN. Anxiogenic-like effect of chronic lipopolysaccharide is associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the rat amygdala. Stress 2020; 23:708-714. [PMID: 32748675 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1793943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways by which inflammatory stimuli influence behaviors can involve changes in neuronal plasticity, however, the evidence for this is still insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injected alone or together with tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline (Dox) on the levels of Iba-1, BDNF, Bcl-xL and MMP-9 in brain regions in relation to stress-induced behaviors in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). LPS injected to adult rats every 2 days for a total of 7 injections reduced body weight gain, increased spleen and adrenal weights, decreased locomotor activity, and increased anxiety-like behavior. These effects were associated with increased expression of Iba-1, a well-known marker for activated microglia, in most brain regions investigated. Co-treatment of LPS with Dox attenuated LPS-induced microglial activation and behavioral changes, supporting their relation to the neuroinflammation. LPS administration also produced pro-apoptotic changes in the brain. In the hypothalamus and striatum, the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL were decreased, whereas in the amygdala, a significant increase in MMP-9 protein levels was observed. The levels of Iba-1 as well as MMP-9 in the amygdala positively correlated with the numbers of defecation. The data suggest that mechanisms of anxiety associated with neuroinflammation may involve the increase in MMP-9 levels in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina T Shishkina
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anita V Bannova
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya P Komysheva
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Dygalo
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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26
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Chrissobolis S, Luu AN, Waldschmidt RA, Yoakum ME, D'Souza MS. Targeting the renin angiotensin system for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173063. [PMID: 33115635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotional disorders like anxiety and depression are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality all over the world. Several antidepressant and anxiolytic medications are available for the treatment of anxiety and depression. However, a significant number of patients either do not respond to these medications or respond inadequately. Hence, there is a need to identify novel targets for the treatment of anxiety and depression. In this review we focus on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) as a potential target for the treatment of these disorders. We review work that has evaluated the effects of various compounds targeting the RAS on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Further, we suggest future work that must be carried out to fully exploit the RAS for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The RAS provides an attractive target for both the identification of novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for enhancing the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophocles Chrissobolis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Anh N Luu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Ryan A Waldschmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Madison E Yoakum
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America.
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27
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Campos J, Pacheco R. Involvement of dopaminergic signaling in the cross talk between the renin-angiotensin system and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:681-696. [PMID: 32997225 PMCID: PMC7526080 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a fundamental regulator of blood pressure and has emerged as an important player in the control of inflammatory processes. Accordingly, imbalance on RAS components either systemically or locally might trigger the development of inflammatory disorders by affecting immune cells. At the same time, alterations in the dopaminergic system have been consistently involved in the physiopathology of inflammatory disorders. Accordingly, the interaction between the RAS and the dopaminergic system has been studied in the context of inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), kidney, and intestine, where they exert antagonistic actions in the regulation of the immune system. In this review, we summarized, integrated, and discussed the cross talk of the dopaminergic system and the RAS in the regulation of inflammatory pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between both systems in the CNS and in systemic pathologies. Moreover, we also analyzed the impact of the commensal microbiota in the regulation of RAS and dopaminergic system and how it is involved in inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, we summarized the therapeutic approaches that have yielded positive results in preclinical or clinical studies regarding the use of drugs targeting the RAS and dopaminergic system for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Further understanding of the molecular and cellular regulation of the RAS-dopaminergic cross talk should allow the formulation of new therapies consisting of novel drugs and/or repurposing already existing drugs, alone or in combination, for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Campos
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, 7780272 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, 7780272 Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. .,Universidad San Sebastián, 7510156 Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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28
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Balogh DB, Molnar A, Hosszu A, Lakat T, Hodrea J, Szabo AJ, Lenart L, Fekete A. Antidepressant effect in diabetes-associated depression: A novel potential of RAAS inhibition. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104705. [PMID: 32447176 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of depression doubles in diabetic patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Studies indicate that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) might relieve depression, however the mechanism of action is not well understood. We recently showed that angiotensin receptor blockers have antidepressant effects in experimental diabetes comorbid depression. Here we investigated whether all types of RAASi exhibit antidepressant and neuroprotective properties. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in adult male Wistar rats. After 5 weeks of diabetes, rats were treated per os with non-pressor doses of enalapril, ramipril, spironolactone or eplerenone for 2 weeks. Behavior was evaluated using forced swim test and open field test. Inflammatory response and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling were investigated in the hippocampus. Both ACEi and MR antagonists reversed diabetes-induced behavioral despair confirming their antidepressant-like effect. This may occur via alterations in hippocampal cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. Repressed BDNF production was restored by RAASi. Both ACEi and MR antagonists facilitated the BDNF-tropomyosin receptor kinase B-cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway as part of their neuroprotective effect. These data highlight the important benefits of ACEi and MR antagonists in the treatment of diabetes-associated depressive symptoms. Our novel findings support the link between diabetes comorbid depression, inflammation and repressed BDNF signaling. RAASi could provide new therapeutic options to improve the outcomes of both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora B Balogh
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Molnar
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Hosszu
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Lakat
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Hodrea
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabo
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 54 Bokay Janos, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
| | - Lilla Lenart
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 53-54 Bokay Janos, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
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29
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Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. An Update of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Effects in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Neuroinflammatory Events. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030216. [PMID: 32150935 PMCID: PMC7139331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammation process represents of a dynamic series of phenomena that manifest themselves with an intense vascular reaction. Neuroinflammation is a reply from the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to a changed homeostasis. There are two cell systems that mediate this process: the glia of the CNS and the lymphocites, monocytes, and macrophages of the hematopoietic system. In both the peripheral and central nervous systems, neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and in neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as depression and autism spectrum disorders. The resolution of neuroinflammation is a process that allows for inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. In this process the important players are represented by lipid mediators. Among the naturally occurring lipid signaling molecules, a prominent role is played by the N-acylethanolamines, namely N-arachidonoylethanolamine and its congener N-palmitoylethanolamine, which is also named palmitoylethanolamide or PEA. PEA possesses a powerful neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory power but has no antioxidant effects per se. For this reason, its co-ultramicronization with the flavonoid luteolin is more efficacious than either molecule alone. Inhibiting or modulating the enzymatic breakdown of PEA represents a complementary therapeutic approach to treating neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of ultramicronized PEA and co-ultramicronized PEA with luteolin in several neurological diseases using preclinical and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-906-765-208
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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30
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the paraventricular nucleus mediate the adipose afferent reflex in rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:343-354. [PMID: 32086614 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the adipose afferent reflex (AAR) induced by chemical stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) increased sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. We also found that pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) potentiate the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats. However, the role of PICs in the PVN in regulating the AAR is still not clear. This study determined whether PICs in the PVN mediate the AAR in rats. The AAR was evaluated based on renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial blood pressure in response to capsaicin injection into inguinal WAT (iWAT). PIC levels were measured by ELISA. PVN microinjection with the PICs tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-1β enhanced the AAR in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment via the bilateral microinjection of the TNF-α-blocker etanercept or IL-1β blocker IL-1ra into the PVN attenuated the AAR. In rats pretreated with TNF-α or IL-1β, a sub-response dose of angiotensin II (Ang II) significantly enhanced the AAR. Moreover, delivery of the angiotensin II type 1(AT1) receptor antagonist losartan into the PVN attenuated the effects of TNF-α or IL-1β on the AAR. In addition, stimulating either iWAT or retroperitoneal WAT with capsaicin increased TNF-α or IL-1β levels in the PVN, but the injection of capsaicin into the jugular vein, skeletal muscle, and skin had no effects on TNF-α or IL-1β levels in the PVN. These results suggest that TNF-α or IL-1β and Ang II in the PVN synergistically enhance the AAR in rats.
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31
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Wu B, Song Q, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang M, Zhang J, Han W, Jiang P. Antidepressant activity of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ovariectomized rats: role of neuroinflammation and microglial polarization. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:4. [PMID: 31915015 PMCID: PMC6950787 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-1185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause predisposes individuals to affective disorders, such as depression, which is tightly related to neuroinflammation. While the neuroinflammatory condition has been demonstrated in ovariectomized (OVX) rodents, there is limited evidence concerning microglial polarization, a key process in brain immune activation, in menopause-related brain. METHODS Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the polarized microglia in long-term OVX rats and we further explored whether supplementation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the pleiotropic bioactive nutrient, is effective in the neurobehavioral changes caused by OVX. RESULTS Our data showed that OVX-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in rats, accompanied with increased neural apoptosis and microglial activation in the hippocampus. Additionally, OVX enhanced proinflammatory cytokines expression and suppressed the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Correspondingly, OVX reinforced NFκB signaling and shifted the microglia from immunoregulatory M2 phenotype to proinflammatory M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, daily supplementation with PUFA suppressed microglial M1 polarization and potentiated M2 polarization in OVX rats. In parallel, PUFA also exerted antidepressant and neuroprotective activities, accompanied with neuroimmune-modulating actions. CONCLUSION Collectively, the present study firstly demonstrated the disturbed microglial polarization in the OVX brain and provide novel evidence showing the association between the antidepressant actions of PUFA and the restraint neuroinflammatory progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Qingen Song
- Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China.
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