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Singh D, Ham D, Kim SA, Kothari D, Park YJ, Joung H, Lee CH. Urine metabolomics unravel the effects of short-term dietary interventions on oxidative stress and inflammation: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15277. [PMID: 38961128 PMCID: PMC11222465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary biomarkers in urine remain elusive when evaluating diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In our previous study, we conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial to compare the short-term (4-weeks) effects of the balanced Korean diet (BKD) with Western diets, including the 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans (2010 DGA) and typical American diet (TAD), on various metabolic indices in obese Korean adults. Building on this work, the current research focuses on the impact of these dietary interventions on oxidative stress (d-ROMs and BAP) and inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1) biomarkers in serum, and the concurrent urine metabolomes. Each dietary regimen was in silico and experimentally examined for their antioxidant levels using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays, as well as total flavonoid (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents. We assessed post-intervention variations in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in serum, as well as the urine metabolite profiles for the participants (n = 48, average age: 41 years). Antioxidant contents and associated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher for the recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) compared to TAD (p < 0.05). Butanol extracts from recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to TAD in ABTS (p < 0.01), DPPH, and FRAP (p < 0.05) assays. Consistent results were observed in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, mirroring their respective antioxidant activities. Following the intervention period, oxidative stress & inflammation markers in serum varied marginally, however, the urine metabolite profiles were clearly demarcated for the BKD and Western dietary groups (PC1 = 5.41%). For BKD group, the pre- and post-intervention urine metabolite profiles were clearly segregated (PLS2 = 2.93%). Compared to TAD, urine extracts from the recommended dietary group showed higher abundance of benzoic acid & phenolic derivatives (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). Metabolites associated with oxidative stress were observed higher in the urine samples from Western dietary groups compared to BKD. Urine metabolomics data delineated the post-intervention effects of three dietary interventions which corroborates the respective findings for their effects on metabolic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digar Singh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, 246174, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Ham
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Division of Strategic Research, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, 06756, Republic of Korea
| | - Damini Kothari
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Yu Jin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Nehmi‐Filho V, de Freitas JA, Franco LA, Martins RC, Turri JAO, Santamarina AB, Fonseca JVDS, Sabino EC, Moraes BC, Souza E, Murata GM, Costa SF, Alcântara PS, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. Modulation of the gut microbiome and Firmicutes phylum reduction by a nutraceutical blend in the obesity mouse model and overweight humans: A double-blind clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2436-2454. [PMID: 38628220 PMCID: PMC11016419 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are closely linked to gut dysbiosis/dysmetabolism and disrupted De-Ritis ratio [aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio], which may contribute to chronic noncommunicable diseases onset. Concurrently, extensive research explores nutraceuticals, and health-enhancing supplements, for disease prevention or treatment. Thus, sedentary overweight volunteers were double-blind randomized into two groups: Novel Nutraceutical_(S) (without silymarin) and Novel Nutraceutical (with silymarin). Experimental formulations were orally administered twice daily over 180 consecutive days. We evaluated fecal gut microbiota, based on partial 16S rRNA sequences, biochemistry and endocrine markers, steatosis biomarker (AST/ALT ratio), and anthropometric parameters. Post-supplementation, only the Novel Nutraceutical group reduced Clostridium clostridioforme (Firmicutes), Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio), and De-Ritis ratio, while elevating Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroidetes) in Brazilian sedentary overweight volunteers after 180 days. In summary, the results presented here allow us to suggest the gut microbiota as the action mechanism of the Novel Nutraceutical promoting metabolic hepatic recovery in obesity/overweight non-drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nehmi‐Filho
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Jessica Alves de Freitas
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Lucas Augusto Franco
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Roberta Cristina Martins
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - José Antônio Orellana Turri
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Grupo de Pesquisa em Economia da SaúdeUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Joyce Vanessa da Silva Fonseca
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM‐49)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Bruna Carvalho Moraes
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐31), Laboratório Investigação Médica em Patogênese e Terapia dirigida em Onco‐Imuno‐HematologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das ClínicasCerqueira CésarBrazil
| | | | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐29), Laboratório de Nefrologia Celular, Genética e Molecular, Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM‐49)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Alcântara
- Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Hospital Universitário de São PauloButantãBrazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
- Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Hospital Universitário de São PauloButantãBrazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
- Efeom NutritionUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
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Kondo N, Kanai T, Okada M. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Reactive Oxygen Species: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3000-3015. [PMID: 37185721 PMCID: PMC10137217 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that causes progressive joint damage and can lead to lifelong disability. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with RA pathogenesis. Recent advances have clarified the anti-inflammatory effect of antioxidants and their roles in RA alleviation. In addition, several important signaling pathway components, such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator-protein-1, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/kelch-like associated protein, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, have been identified to be associated with RA. In this paper, we outline the ROS generation process and relevant oxidative markers, thereby providing evidence of the association between oxidative stress and RA pathogenesis. Furthermore, we describe various therapeutic targets in several prominent signaling pathways for improving RA disease activity and its hyper oxidative state. Finally, we reviewed natural foods, phytochemicals, chemical compounds with antioxidant properties and the association of microbiota with RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kondo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanai
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Attenuation of Hyperlipidemia by Medicinal Formulations of Emblica officinalis Synergized with Nanotechnological Approaches. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010064. [PMID: 36671636 PMCID: PMC9854976 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ayurvedic herb Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is a gift to mankind to acquire a healthy lifestyle. It has great therapeutic and nutritional importance. Emblica officinalis, also known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family. Amla is beneficial for treating illnesses in all its forms. The most crucial component is a fruit, which is also the most common. It is used frequently in Indian medicine as a restorative, diuretic, liver tonic, refrigerant, stomachic, laxative, antipyretic, hair tonic, ulcer preventive, and for the common cold and fever. Hyperlipidemia is also known as high cholesterol or an increase in one or more lipid-containing blood proteins. Various phytocompounds, including polyphenols, vitamins, amino acids, fixed oils, and flavonoids, are present in the various parts of E. officinalis. E. officinalis has been linked to a variety of pharmacological effects in earlier studies, including hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, radioprotective, and hyperlipidemic effects. The amla-derived active ingredients and food products nevertheless encounter challenges such as instability and interactions with other food matrices. Considering the issue from this perspective, food component nanoencapsulation is a young and cutting-edge field for controlled and targeted delivery with a range of preventative activities. The nanoformulation of E. officinalis facilitates the release of active components or food ingredients, increased bioaccessibility, enhanced therapeutic activities, and digestion in the human body. Accordingly, the current review provides a summary of the phytoconstituents of E. officinalis, pharmacological actions detailing the plant E. officinalis's traditional uses, and especially hyperlipidemic activity. Correspondingly, the article describes the uses of nanotechnology in amla therapeutics and functional ingredients.
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Ghitti E, Rolli E, Crotti E, Borin S. Flavonoids Are Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Modulator Signals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122479. [PMID: 36557733 PMCID: PMC9781135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.
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Iftikhar N, Hussain AI, Kamal GM, Manzoor S, Fatima T, Alswailmi FK, Ahmad A, Alsuwayt B, Abdullah Alnasser SM. Antioxidant, Anti-Obesity, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Polyphenol Rich Star Anise ( Illicium verum) Tea in High-Fat-Sugar Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2240. [PMID: 36421427 PMCID: PMC9686881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.) is commonly utilized as a culinary and medicinal fruit and is most famous in indigenous systems of medicine. The present research work aims to appraise and validate the potential of polyphenol-rich star anise tea (SAT) on oxidative stress, obesity and related biochemical parameters in high-fat-sugar-diet (HFSD)-induced obesity model in rats. SAT was prepared using the traditional method in warm water. The Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis was performed for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in SAT. Two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) were selected to investigate the anti-obesity potential of SAT using HFSD-induced obese rat model. Major (>5 mg/100 mL) phenolic acids in SAT were p-coumeric acid, gallic aid, cinamic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid while catechin and rutin were the major flavonoids detected in the SAT. SAT exhibited 51.3% DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo study showed that higher doses of SAT (500 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the body weight increase (74.82%) and BMI (0.64 g/cm2). Moreover, significant reductions in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL were recorded in all the treatment groups in comparison to the HFSDC group. Furthermore, SAT reduced the alterations in MDA, SOD and GSH levels of experimental groups thus showing the potential against oxidative stress. The SAT-500 group showed a significant decrease in the elevated kidney and liver weights and atherogenic index in comparison to the HFSDC group. The present study proved that SAT exhibited strong protective effects against obesity and oxidative stress, especially at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Iftikhar
- Natural Product and Synthetic Chemistry (NPSC) Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ijaz Hussain
- Natural Product and Synthetic Chemistry (NPSC) Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Central Hi-Tech Lab, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Manzoor
- Natural Product and Synthetic Chemistry (NPSC) Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tabinda Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Khashim Alswailmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsuwayt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
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Díaz-Ruiz R, Laca A, Sánchez M, Fernández MR, Matos M, Gutiérrez G. Addition of Trans-Resveratrol-Loaded Highly Concentrated Double Emulsion to Yoghurts: Effect on Physicochemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010085. [PMID: 35008506 PMCID: PMC8744663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol (RSV) needs to be encapsulated to maintain its beneficial properties on the human body. This is due to its extreme photosensitivity, short biological half-life, and easy oxidation. In this study, the use of double emulsions for RSV encapsulation and their further application on functional yoghurts was studied. Different types of yoghurts were prepared: with and without RSV and with two types of volumetric emulsion formulations (20/80 and 30/70). In order to study the influence of the addition of double emulsions to the physical properties of the prepared yoghurts, they were characterised fresh and after a month under storage at 4 °C, in terms of droplet size, morphology, stability, rheology, texturometry, colorimetry, and antioxidant capacity. Results obtained showed that the presence of emulsion in the yoghurts produced a generalised decrease in the predominant droplet size (from 48 µm to 15-25 µm) and an increase in the stability. Additionally, a predominantly elastic character was observed. The firmness values obtained were very similar for all the yoghurts analysed and did not suffer important modifications with time. A slight colour variation was observed with storage time in the control sample, whereas a more notable variation in the case of emulsion yoghurts was observed. An appreciable increase of the antioxidant capacity of the final functional yoghurt (100 g) was observed when it contained 5-8 mg of RSV. Encapsulated RSV added to yoghurts presented a larger protection against RSV oxidation compared with free RSV, presenting a larger antioxidant inhibition after one month of storage. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of yoghurts with encapsulated RSV was not affected under storage, since slight reductions (3%) were registered after one month of storage at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Díaz-Ruiz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (M.R.F.); (M.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (M.R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (M.R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Ramón Fernández
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (M.R.F.); (M.M.)
| | - María Matos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (M.R.F.); (M.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (M.R.F.); (M.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985103509; Fax: +34-985103434
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Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in Melanoma and in the Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121942. [PMID: 34943045 PMCID: PMC8750393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with the poorest prognosis, representing the deadliest form of skin cancer. Activating mutations in BRAF are the most frequent genetic alterations, present in approximately 50% of all melanoma cases. The use of specific inhibitors towards mutant BRAF variants and MEK, a downstream signaling target of BRAF in the MAPK pathway, has significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in advanced melanoma patients carrying BRAF mutations. Nevertheless, despite these improvements, resistance still develops within the first year of therapy in around 50% of patients, which is a significant problem in managing BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. Understanding these mechanisms is one of the mainstreams of the research on BRAFi/MEKi acquired resistance. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been described. Moreover, in recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as another major force involved in all the phases of melanoma development, from initiation to progression until the onsets of the metastatic phenotype and chemoresistance, and has thus become a target for therapy. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on oxidative stress and its signaling in melanoma, as well as the oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the acquired resistance to targeted therapies.
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The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9030045. [PMID: 34201465 PMCID: PMC8293145 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.
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Catorce MN, Gevorkian G. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals in LPS-induced Mouse Neuroinflammation Model: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:636-654. [PMID: 31934839 PMCID: PMC7457421 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200114125628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that peripheral infections, accompanied by inflammation, represent significant risk factors for the development of neurological disorders by modifying brain development or affecting normal brain aging. The acute effects of systemic inflammation on progressive and persistent brain damage and cognitive impairment are well documented. Anti-inflammatory therapies may have beneficial effects on the brain, and the protective properties of a wide range of synthetic and natural compounds have been extensively explored in recent years. In our previous review, we provided an extensive analysis of one of the most important and widely-used animal models of peripherally induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration - lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. We addressed the data reproducibility in published research and summarized basic features and data on the therapeutic potential of various natural products, nutraceuticals, with known anti-inflammatory effects, for reducing neuroinflammation in this model. Here, recent data on the suitability of the LPS-induced murine neuroinflammation model for preclinical assessment of a large number of nutraceuticals belonging to different groups of natural products such as flavonoids, terpenes, non-flavonoid polyphenols, glycosides, heterocyclic compounds, organic acids, organosulfur compounds and xanthophylls, are summarized. Also, the proposed mechanisms of action of these molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Nava Catorce
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF, Mexico
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Trujillo-Mayol I, Guerra-Valle M, Casas-Forero N, Sobral MMC, Viegas O, Alarcón-Enos J, Ferreira IM, Pinho O. Western Dietary Pattern Antioxidant Intakes and Oxidative Stress: Importance During the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:670-681. [PMID: 33439972 PMCID: PMC7929475 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of balanced dietary habits, which include appropriate amounts of antioxidants to maintain the immune system, has become increasingly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, because viral infections are characterized by high oxidative stress. Furthermore, the measures taken by governments to control the pandemic have led to increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which affect physical and mental health, all of which are influenced by nutritional status, diet, and lifestyle. The Mediterranean diet (MD), Atlantic diet (AD), and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans all provide the essential vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds needed to activate enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses. However, viral pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis entail high oxidative damage caused by both the infection and the resultant social stresses within populations, which increases the probability and severity of infection. Balanced dietary patterns such as the MD and the AD are characterized by the consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, and whole grains with low intakes of processed foods and red meat. For a healthy lifestyle in young adults, the MD in particular provides the required amount of antioxidants per day for vitamins D (0.3-3.8 μg), E (17.0 mg), C (137.2-269.8 mg), A (1273.3 μg), B-12 (1.5-2.0 μg), and folate (455.1-561.3 μg), the minerals Se (120.0 μg), Zn (11.0 mg), Fe (15.0-18.8 mg), and Mn (5.2-12.5 mg), and polyphenols (1171.00 mg) needed to maintain an active immune response. However, all of these diets are deficient in the recommended amount of vitamin D (20 μg/d). Therefore, vulnerable populations such as elders and obese individuals could benefit from antioxidant supplementation to improve their antioxidant response. Although evidence remains scarce, there is some indication that a healthy diet, along with supplemental antioxidant intake, is beneficial to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Trujillo-Mayol
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - María Guerra-Valle
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Nidia Casas-Forero
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Madalena C Sobral
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Viegas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julio Alarcón-Enos
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Isabel Mplvo Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Santos JVDO, Porto ALF, Cavalcanti IMF. Potential Application of Combined Therapy with Lectins as a Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050520. [PMID: 34063213 PMCID: PMC8147472 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic monotherapy may become obsolete mainly due to the continuous emergence of resistance to available antimicrobials, which represents a major uncertainty to human health. Taking into account that natural products have been an inexhaustible source of new compounds with clinical application, lectins are certainly one of the most versatile groups of proteins used in biological processes, emerging as a promising alternative for therapy. The ability of lectins to recognize carbohydrates present on the cell surface allowed for the discovery of a wide range of activities. Currently the number of antimicrobials in research and development does not match the rate at which resistance mechanisms emerge to an effective antibiotic monotherapy. A promising therapeutic alternative is the combined therapy of antibiotics with lectins to enhance its spectrum of action, minimize adverse effects, and reduce resistance to treatments. Thus, this review provides an update on the experimental application of antibiotic therapies based on the synergic combination with lectins to treat infections specifically caused by multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also briefly discuss current strategies involving the modulation of the gut microbiota, its implications for antimicrobial resistance, and highlight the potential of lectins to modulate the host immune response against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology Animal, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 55-81-2101-2501
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14
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Li JF, Zhang JX, Li G, Xu YY, Lu K, Wang ZG, Liu JP. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of peptide CM4 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Food Funct 2020; 11:7245-7254. [PMID: 32766662 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) is a small cationic peptide with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi and tumor cells and may possibly be used as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, a C-terminal amidated antibacterial peptide ABP-CM4 (ABP-CM4N) with the strongest antibacterial activity was obtained through screening the antibacterial activities of ABP-CM4 with different modifications. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ABP-CM4N was 8 μM against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) which was lower than that of ABP-CM4 (16 μM). The strengthened antimicrobial activity of ABP-CM4N may be associated with the increased membrane binding capacity, being two times that of ABP-CM4 (p < 0.001). The antibacterial mechanism of ABP-CM4N to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by means of cell membrane integrity analysiss, the intracellular ultrastructure change observation and E. coli genomic DNA binding assay. It was found that ABP-CM4N had the same antimicrobial mechanism as ABP-CM4, and the aim of the antimicrobial mechanism was mainly to destroy the cell membrane which caused nucleic acid or protein leakage, and secondly to interact with E. coli genomic DNA after penetrating the cell membrane. Furthermore, in vitro ABP-CM4N showed a better bacteriostatic activity in meats, with the treated samples showing two to three times less positive colonies than ABP-CM4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
| | - Kai Lu
- School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
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15
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Dabulici CM, Sârbu I, Vamanu E. The Bioactive Potential of Functional Products and Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:E953. [PMID: 32708391 PMCID: PMC7404707 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of bioactivity depends on the assimilation of different classes of natural substances (e.g., phenolic compounds) in vivo. Six functional extracts (Aspalathus linearis, leaves; Paullinia cupana, seeds; Aristotelia chilensis, berries; Ilex paraguariensis, leaves; Syzygium aromaticum, cloves, and wild berries) were analyzed in vitro and in vivo as an alternative to alleviating pathologies associated with oxidative stress (proliferation of cancer cells). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of hydroalcoholic solutions, in addition to the assimilation capacity of bioactive components in Saccharomyces boulardii cells. In vivo antioxidant capacity (critical point value) was correlated with the assimilation ratio of functional compounds. The results of in vitro antioxidant activities were correlated with the presence of quercetin (4.67 ± 0.27 mg/100 mL) and chlorogenic acid (14.38 ± 0.29 mg/100 mL) in I. paraguariensis. Bioassimilation of the main nutraceutical components depended on the individual sample. Phenolic acid levels revealed the poor assimilation of the main components, which could be associated with cell viability to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Monica Dabulici
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti blvd, 1 district, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ionela Sârbu
- Department of Genetics, ICUB-Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti blvd, 1 district, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
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16
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Cavaco M, Valle J, da Silva R, Correia JD, Castanho MARB, Andreu D, Neves V. DPepH3, an Improved Peptide Shuttle for Receptor-independent Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:The use of peptides as drug carriers across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has increased significantly during the last decades. PepH3, a seven residue sequence (AGILKRW) derived from the α-helical domain of the dengue virus type-2 capsid protein, translocates across the BBB with very low toxicity. Somehow predictably from its size and sequence, PepH3 is degraded in serum relatively fast. Among strategies to increase peptide half-life (t1/2), the use of the enantiomer (wholly made of D-amino acid residues) can be quite successful if the peptide interacts with a target in non-stereospecific fashion.Methods:The goal of this work was the development of a more proteolytic-resistant peptide, while keeping the translocation properties. The serum stability, cytotoxicity, in vitro BBB translocation, and internalization mechanism of DPepH3 was assessed and compared to the native peptide.Results:DPepH3 demonstrates a much longer t1/2 compared to PepH3. We also confirm that BBB translocation is receptor-independent, which fully validates the enantiomer strategy chosen. In fact, we demonstrate that internalization occurs trough macropinocytosis. In addition, the enantiomer demonstrates to be non-cytotoxic towards endothelial cells as PepH3.Conclusion:DPepH3 shows excellent translocation and internalization properties, safety, and improved stability. Taken together, our results place DPepH3 at the forefront of the second generation of BBB shuttles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben da Silva
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D.G. Correia
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. R. B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020039. [PMID: 32093399 PMCID: PMC7167868 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in supporting the physiological functions, owing to its metabolomic component. The presence of biocomponents generally leads to the correction of the microbial pattern correlated with the reduction of oxidative pressure. This study aims to present the main processes that correlate the bioavailability and bioactivity of some functional components through the action of the human microbiota. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is an innovative manner involving alternatives that increase the bioavailability of certain natural or metabolic components has been proposed. Probiotic strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum) may represent an intermediary for increasing the antioxidant bioactivity, and they may be administered in the form of a biomass enriched with functional compounds, such as phenolic acids. The limiting effect of gastrointestinal transit is, in several cases, the key to the biopharmaceutical value of new products (or supplements). The identification of newer ways of formulating supplements also involves the compatibility of different types of products, the testing of bioaccessibility, and the elimination of biotransformations.
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18
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Yan Z, Zhao M, Wu X, Zhang J. Metabolic Response of Pleurotus ostreatus to Continuous Heat Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3148. [PMID: 32038581 PMCID: PMC6990131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress seriously threatens the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. Various studies have been performed to study the resistance of P. ostreatus to heat stress. Here, the metabolome was evaluated to determine the response of P. ostreatus mycelia to heat stress at different times (6, 12, 24, 48 h). More than 70 differential metabolites were detected and enriched in their metabolic pathways. Dynamic metabolites changes in enrichment pathways under heat stress showed that heat stress enhanced the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides, increased the content of amino acids and vitamins, and accelerated glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in P. ostreatus. The time course changes of P. ostreatus metabolites under continuous heat stress demonstrated that amino acids continuously changed with heat stress, nucleotides clearly changed with heat stress at 12 and 48 h, and lipids exhibited an increasing trend with prolonged heat stress, while few types saccharides and vitamins changed under heat stress. Additionally, heat-treated P. ostreatus produced salicylic acid and other stress-resistant substances that were reported in plants. This study first reported the metabolites changes in P. ostreatus mycelia during 48 h of heat stress. The metabolic pathways and substances that changed with heat stress in this research will aid future studies on the resistance of P. ostreatus and other edible fungi to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangli Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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19
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Omaye AT, Omaye ST. Caveats for the Good and Bad of Dietary Red Meat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E544. [PMID: 31726758 PMCID: PMC6912709 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Red meat and its constituents of heme iron or free iron have been the target of scrutiny related to their purported association to many chronic diseases. However, in contrast, red meat provides a rich source of nutrition. In 2007, Al Tappel hypothesized that the mechanistic explanation for the adverse impact of iron and heme iron could be the strong influence these substances have in initiating and promoting oxidative stress. Also, there is an emphasis on the importance of dietary antioxidants in the modulation of these adverse effects. The goal of this argumentative review is to provide an update of the importance of dietary red meat for health, and the hypothesis that oxidative stress initiated by dietary iron and heme iron may be related to chronic diseases, with a particular emphasis on recent research that impacts the paradigm. We also examine potential dietary changes that could substantially modify the potential adverse outcomes of chronic diseases initiated by heme iron mechanisms, e.g., consumption of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley T. Omaye
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NE 89557, USA
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20
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Research Advances of Purple Sweet Potato Anthocyanins: Extraction, Identification, Stability, Bioactivity, Application, and Biotransformation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213816. [PMID: 31652733 PMCID: PMC6864833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato anthocyanins are kinds of natural anthocyanin red pigments extracted from the root or stem of purple sweet potato. They are stable and have the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-mutation, anti-tumor, liver protection, hypoglycemia, and anti-inflammation, which confer them a good application prospect. Nevertheless, there is not a comprehensive review of purple sweet potato anthocyanins so far. The extraction, structural characterization, stability, functional activity, application in the food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato, together with their biotransformation in vitro or by gut microorganism are reviewed in this paper, which provides a reference for further development and utilization of anthocyanins.
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