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Adibi JJ, Zhao Y, Koistinen H, Mitchell RT, Barrett ES, Miller R, O'Connor TG, Xun X, Liang HW, Birru R, Smith M, Moog NK. Molecular pathways in placental-fetal development and disruption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112075. [PMID: 37852527 PMCID: PMC10958409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures, given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4- and 12-weeks' gestation. One way to quantify potential harm to the fetus in the first trimester is to measure a corollary effect on the placenta. Placental biomarkers are widely present in maternal circulation, cord blood, and placental tissue biopsied at birth or at the time of pregnancy termination. Here we evaluate ten diverse pathways involving molecules expressed in the first trimester human placenta based on their relevance to normal fetal development and to the hypothesis of placental-fetal endocrine disruption (perturbation in development that results in abnormal endocrine function in the offspring), namely: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thyroid hormone regulation, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), leptin, transforming growth factor beta, epiregulin, growth differentiation factor 15, small nucleolar RNAs, serotonin, and vitamin D. Some of these are well-established as biomarkers of placental-fetal endocrine disruption, while others are not well studied and were selected based on discovery analyses of the placental transcriptome. A literature search on these biomarkers summarizes evidence of placenta-specific production and regulation of each biomarker, and their role in fetal reproductive tract, brain, and other specific domains of fetal development. In this review, we extend the theory of fetal programming to placental-fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Population Health Bio-Sciences, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Eldakhakhny B, Enani S, Jambi H, Ajabnoor G, Al-Ahmadi J, Al-Raddadi R, Alsheikh L, Abdulaal WH, Gad H, Borai A, Bahijri S, Tuomilehto J. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Non-Diabetic Saudi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3242. [PMID: 38137464 PMCID: PMC10740949 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Saudi Arabia, especially in Jeddah, this study aims to understand the dietary and lifestyle-related risk factors among Jeddah's non-diabetic adults. (2) Material and Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, non-diabetic adults were sourced from public healthcare centers. Demographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits were surveyed. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and fasting blood samples measuring plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were collected. The age cut-off for MetS was ascertained using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Variables influencing MetS were evaluated using univariate logistic regression, and consequential factors underwent multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex. (3) Results: Among 1339 participants, 16% had MetS, with age being the strongest predictor (p < 0.001). The optimal age cut-off was 32 years. For those <32, elevated BP in men and waist circumference (WC) in women were most prevalent. For those >32, elevated WC was dominant in both sexes. Univariate logistic regression revealed that higher income and education correlated with lower MetS prevalence, while marriage and smoking were risk factors. Adjusting for age and sex, only very high income had a significant low-risk association (p = 0.034). (4) Conclusion: MetS is notable in the studied group, with age as the pivotal predictor. High income reduces MetS risk, while marital status and smoking could increase it. Since this was a cross-sectional study, cohort studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Al-Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Alsheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.A.); (W.H.A.)
| | - Hoda Gad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.G.); (S.B.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (H.J.); (J.A.-A.); (R.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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3
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McCarthy MS, Colburn ZT, Yeung KY, Gillette LH, Hung LH, Elshaw E. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Precision Nutrition Counseling for Service Members at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome. Mil Med 2023; 188:606-613. [PMID: 37948286 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a threat to the active component military as it impacts health, readiness, retention, and cost to the Military Health System. The most prevalent risk factors documented in service members' health records are high blood pressure (BP), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides. Other risk factors include abdominal obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose. Precision nutrition counseling and wellness software applications have demonstrated positive results for weight management when coupled with high levels of participant engagement and motivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective randomized controlled trial, trained registered dietitians conducted nutrition counseling using results of targeted sequencing, biomarkers, and expert recommendations to reduce the risk for MetS. Upon randomization, the treatment arm initiated six weekly sessions and the control arm received educational pamphlets. An eHealth application captured diet and physical activity. Anthropometrics and BP were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, and biomarkers were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in weight at 12 weeks. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and t-tests or analysis of variance with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS Overall, 138 subjects enrolled from November 2019 to February 2021 between two military bases; 107 completed the study. Demographics were as follows: 66% male, mean age 31 years, 66% married, and 49% Caucasian and non-Hispanic. Weight loss was not significant between groups or sites at 12 weeks. Overall, 27% of subjects met the diagnostic criteria for MetS on enrollment and 17.8% upon study completion. High deleterious variant prevalence was identified for genes with single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to obesity (40%), cholesterol (38%), and BP (58%). Overall, 65% of subjects had low 25(OH)D upon enrollment; 45% remained insufficient at study completion. eHealth app had low adherence yet sufficient correlation with a valid reference. CONCLUSIONS Early signs of progress with weight loss at 6 weeks were not sustained at 12 weeks. DNA-based nutrition counseling was not efficacious for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S McCarthy
- Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Zachary T Colburn
- Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Ka Yee Yeung
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Laurel H Gillette
- Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Ling-Hong Hung
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
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4
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Utility of preclinical models of altered maternal nutrition to support the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:711-714. [PMID: 35575180 PMCID: PMC9112759 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A clear link has been established between alterations in the early life environment and the risk for developing a range of cardiometabolic diseases in later life, a process preferentially termed developmental programming. In particular, alterations in the maternal nutritional environment have been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes in offspring across the lifecourse; effects that can be passed on to future generations. Following from the early epidemiological observations that provided the basis for the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, a range of animal models were developed to examine the impact of early life programming and provide empirical data to support the emerging framework. These models became key tools to aid in our understanding of developmental programming as allowed investigation of potential mechanisms, strategies for intervention and transgenerational effects. The study published by Langley and Evans (Clin. Sci. 1994;86(2):217–222; DOI:10.1042/CS0860217), using a rat model of maternal low protein exposure, was one of the first to highlight the impact of an altered maternal nutritional environment on programming of elevated blood pressure in offspring. This work became a hallmark study in the DOHaD field by demonstrating key proof of principle to support the early epidemiological associations and characterizing a key preclinical model that has contributed greatly to our understanding of mechanisms underpinning developmental programming—particularly in the area of cardiovascular and renal function.
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5
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Vickers MH. Early life nutrition and neuroendocrine programming. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108921. [PMID: 34902348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the nutritional environment in early life can significantly increase the risk for obesity and a range of development of metabolic disorders in offspring in later life, effects that can be passed onto future generations. This process, termed development programming, provides the framework of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm. Early life nutritional compromise including undernutrition, overnutrition or specific macro/micronutrient deficiencies, results in a range of adverse health outcomes in offspring that can be further exacerbated by a poor postnatal nutritional environment. Although the mechanisms underlying programming remain poorly defined, a common feature across the phenotypes displayed in preclinical models is that of altered wiring of neuroendocrine circuits that regulate satiety and energy balance. As such, altered maternal nutritional exposures during critical early periods of developmental plasticity can result in aberrant hardwiring of these circuits with lasting adverse consequences for the offspring. There is also increasing evidence around the role of an altered epigenome and the gut-brain axis in mediating some of the central programming effects observed. Further, although such programming was once considered to result in a permanent change in developmental trajectory, there is evidence, at least from preclinical models, that programming can be reversed via targeted nutritional manipulations during early development. Further work is required at a mechanistic level to allow for identification for early markers of later disease risk, delineation of sex-specific effects and pathways to implementation of strategies aimed at breaking the transgenerational transmission of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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6
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Transcriptomic profiling of Gh/Igf system reveals a prompted tissue-specific differentiation and novel hypoxia responsive genes in gilthead sea bream. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16466. [PMID: 34385497 PMCID: PMC8360970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A customized PCR-array was used for the simultaneous gene expression of the Gh/Igf system and related markers of muscle growth, and lipid and energy metabolism during early life stages of gilthead sea bream (60–127 days posthatching). Also, transcriptional reprogramming by mild hypoxia was assessed in fingerling fish with different history trajectories on O2 availability during the same time window. In normoxic fish, the expression of almost all the genes in the array varied over time with a prompted liver and muscle tissue-specific differentiation, which also revealed temporal changes in the relative expression of markers of the full gilthead sea bream repertoire of Gh receptors, Igfs and Igf-binding proteins. Results supported a different contribution through development of ghr and igf subtypes on the type of action of GH via systemic or direct effects at the local tissue level. This was extensive to Igfbp1/2/4 and Igfbp3/5/6 clades that clearly evolved through development as hepatic and muscle Igfbp subtypes, respectively. This trade-off is however very plastic to cope changes in the environment, and ghr1 and igfbp1/3/4/5 emerged as hypoxic imprinting genes during critical early developmental windows leading to recognize individuals with different history trajectories of oxygen availability and metabolic capabilities later in life.
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7
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Picó C, Reis F, Egas C, Mathias P, Matafome P. Lactation as a programming window for metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13482. [PMID: 33350459 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) was initially supported by the low birth weight and higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in adult life, caused by nutrition restriction during foetal development. However, other programming windows have been recognized in the last years, namely lactation, infancy, adolescence and even preconception. Although the concept has been developed in order to study the impact of foetal calorie restriction in adult life, it is now recognized that maternal overweight during programming windows is also harmful to the offspring. This article explores and summarizes the current knowledge about the impact of maternal obesity and obesogenic diets during lactation in the metabolic programming towards the development of metabolic syndrome in the adult life. The impact of maternal obesity and obesogenic diets in milk quality is discussed, including the alterations in specific micro and macronutrients, as well as the impact of such alterations in the development of metabolic syndrome-associated features in the newborn, such as insulin resistance and adiposity. Moreover, the impact of milk quality and formula feeding in infants' gut microbiota, immune system maturation and in the nutrient-sensing mechanisms, namely those related to gut hormones and leptin, are also discussed under the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma (Mallorca), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma (Mallorca), Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma (Mallorca), Spain
| | - Flávio Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Matafome
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Complementary Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Peleg-Raibstein D. Understanding the Link Between Maternal Overnutrition, Cardio-Metabolic Dysfunction and Cognitive Aging. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645569. [PMID: 33716660 PMCID: PMC7953988 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has long been identified as a global epidemic with major health implications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Maternal overnutrition leads to significant health issues in industrial countries and is one of the risk factors for the development of obesity and related disorders in the progeny. The wide accessibility of junk food in recent years is one of the major causes of obesity, as it is low in nutrient content and usually high in salt, sugar, fat, and calories. An excess of nutrients during fetal life not only has immediate effects on the fetus, including increased growth and fat deposition in utero, but also has long-term health consequences. Based on human studies, it is difficult to discern between genetic and environmental contributions to the risk of disease in future generations. Consequently, animal models are essential for studying the impact of maternal overnutrition on the developing offspring. Recently, animal models provided some insight into the physiological mechanisms that underlie developmental programming. Most of the studies employed thus far have focused only on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring. These studies have advanced our understanding of how maternal overnutrition in the form of high-fat diet exposure can lead to an increased risk of obesity in the offspring, but many questions remain open. How maternal overnutrition may increase the risk of developing brain pathology such as cognitive disabilities in the offspring and increase the risk to develop metabolic disorders later in life? Further, does maternal overnutrition exacerbate cognitive- and cardio-metabolic aging in the offspring?
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Laboratory of Neurobehavioural Dynamics, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Heber MF, Ptak GE. The effects of assisted reproduction technologies on metabolic health and disease†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:734-744. [PMID: 33330924 PMCID: PMC8023432 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases places a substantial burden on human health throughout the world. It is believed that predisposition to metabolic disease starts early in life, a period of great susceptibility to epigenetic reprogramming due to environmental insults. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), i.e., treatments for infertility, may affect embryo development, resulting in multiple adverse health outcomes in postnatal life. The most frequently observed alteration in ART pregnancies is impaired placental nutrient transfer. Moreover, consequent intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight followed by catch-up growth can all predict future obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic metabolic diseases. In this review, we have focused on evidence of adverse metabolic alterations associated with ART, which can contribute to the development of chronic adult-onset diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Due to high phenotypic plasticity, ART pregnancies can produce both offspring with adverse health outcomes, as well as healthy individuals. We further discuss the sex-specific and age-dependent metabolic alterations reflected in ART offspring, and how the degree of interference of a given ART procedure (from mild to more severe manipulation of the egg) affects the occurrence and degree of offspring alterations. Over the last few years, studies have reported signs of cardiometabolic alterations in ART offspring that are detectable at a young age but that do not appear to constitute a high risk of disease and morbidity per se. These abnormal phenotypes could be early indicators of the development of chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, in adulthood. The early detection of metabolic alterations could contribute to preventing the onset of disease in adulthood. Such early interventions may counteract the risk factors and improve the long-term health of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grażyna Ewa Ptak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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10
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Alejandro EU, Mamerto TP, Chung G, Villavieja A, Gaus NL, Morgan E, Pineda-Cortel MRB. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5003. [PMID: 32679915 PMCID: PMC7404253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction during pregnancy, has been identified as one of the major obstacles in achieving improved maternal and child health. Approximately 9-25% of pregnancies worldwide are impacted by the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications of this disease. Here, we discuss how GDM affects longstanding maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as health risks that likely persist into future generations. In addition to the current challenges in the management and diagnosis of and the complications associated with GDM, we discuss current preclinical models of GDM to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and the timely need to increase our scientific toolbox to identify strategies to prevent and treat GDM, thereby advancing clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Therriz P. Mamerto
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Adrian Villavieja
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Nawirah Lumna Gaus
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Elizabeth Morgan
- Baystate Medical Center, Baystate Health, Springfield, MA 01199, USA;
| | - Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
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11
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Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:441-451. [PMID: 32487270 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its complications occur at alarming rates worldwide. Epidemiological data have associated perinatal conditions, such as malnutrition, with the development of some disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, in childhood and adulthood. Exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with protection against long-term chronic diseases. However, in humans, the interruption of breastfeeding before the recommended period of 6 months is a common practice and can increase the risk of several metabolic disturbances. Nutritional and environmental changes within a critical window of development, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, can induce permanent changes in metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to diseases later in life via a phenomenon known as programming or developmental plasticity. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms by which precocious weaning can result in adipose tissue dysfunction and endocrine profile alterations. Here, the authors give a comprehensive report of the different animal models of early weaning and programming that can result in the development of metabolic syndrome. In rats, for example, pharmacological and nonpharmacological early weaning models are associated with the development of overweight and visceral fat accumulation, leptin and insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine and hepatic changes in adult progeny. Sex-related differences seem to influence this phenotype. Therefore, precocious weaning seems to be obesogenic for offspring. A better understanding of this condition seems essential to reducing the risk for diseases. Additionally, this knowledge can generate new insights into therapeutic strategies for obesity management, improving health outcomes.
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Dietary Supplementation of L-Arginine and N-Carbamylglutamate Attenuated the Hepatic Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Suckling Lambs with Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2453537. [PMID: 32322162 PMCID: PMC7160735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2453537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine (Arg) is a semiessential amino acid with several physiological functions. N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) can promote the synthesis of endogenous Arg in mammals. However, the roles of Arg or NCG on hepatic inflammation and apoptosis in suckling lambs suffering from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are still unclear. The current work is aimed at examining the effects of dietary Arg and NCG on inflammatory and hepatocyte apoptosis in IUGR suckling lambs. On day 7 after birth, 48 newborn Hu lambs were selected from a cohort of 432 twin lambs. Normal-birthweight and IUGR Hu lambs were allocated randomly (n = 12/group) to control (CON), IUGR, IUGR+1% Arg, or IUGR+0.1% NCG groups. Lambs were fed for 21 days from 7 to 28 days old. Compared with CON lambs, relative protein 53 (P53), apoptosis antigen 1 (Fas), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, cytochrome C, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, and NF-κB pp65 protein levels were higher (P < 0.05) in liver from IUGR lambs, whereas those in liver from IUGR lambs under Arg or NCG treatment were lower than those in IUGR lambs. These findings indicated that supplementing Arg or NCG reduced the contents of proinflammatory cytokines at the same time when the apoptosis-related pathway was being suppressed, thus suppressing the IUGR-induced apoptosis of hepatic cells.
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Palou M, Picó C, Palou A. Leptin as a breast milk component for the prevention of obesity. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:875-892. [PMID: 30285146 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin ingested as a component of breast milk is increasingly recognized to play a role in the postnatal programming of a healthy phenotype in adulthood. Besides its primary function in controlling body weight, leptin may be an essential nutrient required during lactation to ensure that the system controlling fat accumulation and body composition is well organized from the early stages of development. This review delves into the following topics: (1) the imprinted protective function of adequate leptin intake during lactation in future metabolic health; (2) the consequences of a lack of leptin intake or of alterations in leptin levels; and (3) the mechanisms described for the effects of leptin on postnatal programming. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of breastfeeding and the need to establish optimal or reference intake values for leptin during lactation to design patterns of personalized nutrition from early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Abstract
Prenatal exposure to excess steroids or steroid mimics can disrupt the normal developmental trajectory of organ systems, culminating in adult disease. The metabolic system is particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of prenatal steroid excess. Studies in sheep demonstrate that prenatal exposure to excess native steroids or endocrine-disrupting chemicals with steroidogenic activity, such as bisphenol A, results in postnatal development of numerous cardiometabolic perturbations, including insulin resistance, increased adiposity, altered adipocyte size and distribution, and hypertension. The similarities in the phenotypic outcomes programmed by these different prenatal insults suggest that common mechanisms may be involved, and these may include hormonal imbalances (e.g., hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia), oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, and epigenetic alterations. Animal models, including the sheep, provide mechanistic insight into the metabolic repercussions associated with prenatal steroid exposure and represent valuable research tools in understanding human health and disease. Focusing on the sheep model, this review summarizes the cardiometabolic perturbations programmed by prenatal exposure to different native steroids and steroid mimics and discusses the potential mechanisms underlying the development of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
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Boone-Heinonen J, Sacks RM, Takemoto EE, Hooker ER, Dieckmann NF, Harrod CS, Thornburg KL. Prenatal Development and Adolescent Obesity: Two Distinct Pathways to Diabetes in Adulthood. Child Obes 2018; 14:173-181. [PMID: 29624412 PMCID: PMC5910034 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher body-mass index (BMI) and lower birth weight (BW) are associated with elevated risk of diabetes in adulthood, but the extent to which they compose two distinct pathways is unclear. METHODS We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a cohort of adolescents (1994-1995) followed for 14 years over four waves into adulthood (n = 13,413). Sex-stratified path analysis was used to examine pathways from BW [kg; linear (BW) and quadratic (BW2)] to latent trajectories in BMI from adolescence to adulthood to prevalent diabetes or prediabetes (pre/diabetes) in adulthood, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Two pathways from BW to pre/diabetes were characterized: one from higher BW to elevated BMI and pre/diabetes and a second from lower BW, independent of BMI. In the BMI-independent pathway, greater BW was associated with marginally lower odds of pre/diabetes in women, but not men. Girls born at lower and higher BW exhibited elevated BMI in adolescence [coeff (95% CI): BW: -2.1 (-4.1, -0.05); BW2: 0.43 (0.09, 0.76)]; higher BW predicted marginally faster BMI gain and higher adolescent BMI and faster BMI gain were associated with pre/diabetes [coeff (95% CI): BMI intercept: 0.09 (0.06, 0.11); BMI slope: 0.11 (0.07, 0.15)]. In boys, BW was weakly associated with BMI intercept and slope; BMI slope, but not BMI intercept, was positively associated with pre/diabetes [coeff (95% CI): 0.29 (0.19, 0.39)]. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that in girls, slowing BMI gain is critical for diabetes prevention, yet it may not address distinct pathology stemming from early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Boone-Heinonen
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - Rebecca M. Sacks
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - Erin E. Takemoto
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - Elizabeth R. Hooker
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - Nathan F. Dieckmann
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing and School of Medicine, Portland, OR
| | - Curtis S. Harrod
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR
- Center for Evidence-Based Policy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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16
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Reynolds CM, Perry JK, Vickers MH. Manipulation of the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor (GH-IGF) Axis: A Treatment Strategy to Reverse the Effects of Early Life Developmental Programming. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081729. [PMID: 28786951 PMCID: PMC5578119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human clinical, epidemiological, and experimental animal models has clearly highlighted a link between the early life environment and an increased risk for a range of cardiometabolic disorders in later life. In particular, altered maternal nutrition, including both undernutrition and overnutrition, spanning exposure windows that cover the period from preconception through to early infancy, clearly highlight an increased risk for a range of disorders in offspring in later life. This process, preferentially termed “developmental programming” as part of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework, leads to phenotypic outcomes in offspring that closely resemble those of individuals with untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency, including increased adiposity and cardiovascular disorders. As such, the use of GH as a potential intervention strategy to mitigate the effects of developmental malprogramming has received some attention in the DOHaD field. In particular, experimental animal models have shown that early GH treatment in the setting of poor maternal nutrition can partially rescue the programmed phenotype, albeit in a sex-specific manner. Although the mechanisms remain poorly defined, they include changes to endothelial function, an altered inflammasome, changes in adipogenesis and cardiovascular function, neuroendocrine effects, and changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Similarly, GH treatment to adult offspring, where an adverse metabolic phenotype is already manifest, has shown efficacy in reversing some of the metabolic disorders arising from a poor early life environment. Components of the GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding protein (GH-IGF-IGFBP) system, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), have also shown promise in ameliorating programmed metabolic disorders, potentially acting via epigenetic processes including changes in miRNA profiles and altered DNA methylation. However, as with the use of GH in the clinical setting of short stature and GH-deficiency, the benefits of treatment are also, in some cases, associated with potential unwanted side effects that need to be taken into account before effective translation as an intervention modality in the DOHaD context can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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18
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Reynolds CM, Segovia SA, Vickers MH. Experimental Models of Maternal Obesity and Neuroendocrine Programming of Metabolic Disorders in Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:245. [PMID: 28993758 PMCID: PMC5622157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have clearly shown that disease risk in later life is increased following a poor early life environment, a process preferentially termed developmental programming. In particular, this work clearly highlights the importance of the nutritional environment during early development with alterations in maternal nutrition, including both under- and overnutrition, increasing the risk for a range of cardiometabolic and neurobehavioral disorders in adult offspring characterized by both adipokine resistance and obesity. Although the mechanistic basis for such developmental programming is not yet fully defined, a common feature derived from experimental animal models is that of alterations in the wiring of the neuroendocrine pathways that control energy balance and appetite regulation during early stages of developmental plasticity. The adipokine leptin has also received significant attention with clear experimental evidence that normal regulation of leptin levels during the early life period is critical for the normal development of tissues and related signaling pathways that are involved in metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. There is also increasing evidence that alterations in the epigenome and other underlying mechanisms including an altered gut-brain axis may contribute to lasting cardiometabolic dysfunction in offspring. Ongoing studies that further define the mechanisms between these associations will allow for identification of early risk markers and implementation of strategies around interventions that will have obvious beneficial implications in breaking a programmed transgenerational cycle of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Mark H. Vickers,
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Bay JL, Morton SM, Vickers MH. Realizing the Potential of Adolescence to Prevent Transgenerational Conditioning of Noncommunicable Disease Risk: Multi-Sectoral Design Frameworks. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:E39. [PMID: 27417627 PMCID: PMC5041040 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) demonstrates that early life environmental exposures impact later-life risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This has revealed the transgenerational nature of NCD risk, thus demonstrating that interventions to improve environmental exposures during early life offer important potential for primary prevention of DOHaD-related NCDs. Based on this evidence, the prospect of multi-sectoral approaches to enable primary NCD risk reduction has been highlighted in major international reports. It is agreed that pregnancy, lactation and early childhood offer significant intervention opportunities. However, the importance of interventions that establish positive behaviors impacting nutritional and non-nutritional environmental exposures in the pre-conceptual period in both males and females, thus capturing the full potential of DOHaD, must not be overlooked. Adolescence, a period where life-long health-related behaviors are established, is therefore an important life-stage for DOHaD-informed intervention. DOHaD evidence underpinning this potential is well documented. However, there is a gap in the literature with respect to combined application of theoretical evidence from science, education and public health to inform intervention design. This paper addresses this gap, presenting a review of evidence informing theoretical frameworks for adolescent DOHaD interventions that is accessible collectively to all relevant sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie L Bay
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Susan M Morton
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1743, New Zealand.
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Padmanabhan V, Cardoso RC, Puttabyatappa M. Developmental Programming, a Pathway to Disease. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1328-40. [PMID: 26859334 PMCID: PMC4816734 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that insults occurring during the perinatal period alter the developmental trajectory of the fetus/offspring leading to long-term detrimental outcomes that often culminate in adult pathologies. These perinatal insults include maternal/fetal disease states, nutritional deficits/excess, stress, lifestyle choices, exposure to environmental chemicals, and medical interventions. In addition to reviewing the various insults that contribute to developmental programming and the benefits of animal models in addressing underlying mechanisms, this review focuses on the commonalities in disease outcomes stemming from various insults, the convergence of mechanistic pathways via which various insults can lead to common outcomes, and identifies the knowledge gaps in the field and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5718
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5718
| | - Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5718
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21
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Schaefer S, Nadeau JH. THE GENETICS OF EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE: MODES, MOLECULES, AND MECHANISMS. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2016; 90:381-415. [PMID: 26714351 DOI: 10.1086/683699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Organisms adapt developmental and physiological features to local and transient conditions in part by modulating transcription, translation, and protein functions, usually without changing DNA sequences. Remarkably, these epigenetic changes sometimes endure through meiosis and gametogenesis, thereby affecting phenotypic variation across generations, long after epigenetic changes were triggered. Transgenerational effects challenge our traditional understanding of inheritance. In this review, we focus on patterns of inheritance, molecular features, mechanisms that lead from environmental and genetic perturbations to phenotypic variation in later generations, and issues about study design and replication.
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Boone-Heinonen J, Messer LC, Fortmann SP, Wallack L, Thornburg KL. From fatalism to mitigation: A conceptual framework for mitigating fetal programming of chronic disease by maternal obesity. Prev Med 2015; 81:451-9. [PMID: 26522092 PMCID: PMC4679670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal development is recognized as a critical period in the etiology of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Potential strategies to reduce maternal obesity-induced risk later in life have been largely overlooked. In this paper, we first propose a conceptual framework for the role of public health and preventive medicine in mitigating the effects of fetal programming. Second, we review a small but growing body of research (through August 2015) that examines interactive effects of maternal obesity and two public health foci - diet and physical activity - in the offspring. Results of the review support the hypothesis that diet and physical activity after early life can attenuate disease susceptibility induced by maternal obesity, but human evidence is scant. Based on the review, we identify major gaps relevant for prevention research, such as characterizing the type and dose response of dietary and physical activity exposures that modify the adverse effects of maternal obesity in the offspring. Third, we discuss potential implications of interactions between maternal obesity and postnatal dietary and physical activity exposures for interventions to mitigate maternal obesity-induced risk among children. Our conceptual framework, evidence review, and future research directions offer a platform to develop, test, and implement fetal programming mitigation strategies for the current and future generations of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynne C Messer
- School of Community Health, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Wallack
- School of Community Health, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Reynolds CM, Segovia SA, Zhang XD, Gray C, Vickers MH. Maternal high-fat diet-induced programing of gut taste receptor and inflammatory gene expression in rat offspring is ameliorated by CLA supplementation. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/10/e12588. [PMID: 26493953 PMCID: PMC4632957 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet during pregnancy and lactation influences later life predisposition to obesity and cardiometabolic disease in offspring. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly defined, but one potential target that has received scant attention and is likely pivotal to disease progression is that of the gut. The present study examined the effects of maternal supplementation with the anti-inflammatory lipid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), on offspring metabolic profile and gut expression of taste receptors and inflammatory markers. We speculate that preventing high-fat diet-induced metainflammation improved maternal metabolic parameters conferring beneficial effects on adult offspring. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a purified control diet (CD; 10% kcal from fat), CD with CLA (CLA; 10% kcal from fat, 1% CLA), HF (45% kcal from fat) or HF with CLA (HFCLA; 45% kcal from fat, 1% CLA) throughout gestation and lactation. Plasma/tissues were taken at day 24 and RT-PCR was carried out on gut sections. Offspring from HF mothers were significantly heavier at weaning with impaired insulin sensitivity compared to controls. This was associated with increased plasma IL-1β and TNFα concentrations. Gut Tas1R1, IL-1β, TNFα, and NLRP3 expression was increased and Tas1R3 expression was decreased in male offspring from HF mothers and was normalized by maternal CLA supplementation. Tas1R1 expression was increased while PYY and IL-10 decreased in female offspring of HF mothers. These results suggest that maternal consumption of a HF diet during critical developmental windows influences offspring predisposition to obesity and metabolic dysregulation. This may be associated with dysregulation of taste receptor, incretin, and inflammatory gene expression in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie A Segovia
- Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyuan D Zhang
- Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Segovia SA, Vickers MH, Zhang XD, Gray C, Reynolds CM. Maternal supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid in the setting of diet-induced obesity normalises the inflammatory phenotype in mothers and reverses metabolic dysfunction and impaired insulin sensitivity in offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1448-57. [PMID: 26318151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet significantly impacts the fetal environment and predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic dysfunction during adulthood. We examined the effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation on metabolic and inflammatory profiles and whether maternal supplementation with the anti-inflammatory lipid conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could have beneficial effects on mothers and offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control (CD; 10% kcal from fat), CLA (CLA; 10% kcal from fat, 1% total fat as CLA), high-fat (HF; 45% kcal from fat) or high fat with CLA (HFCLA; 45% kcal from fat, 1% total fat as CLA) diet ad libitum 10days prior to and throughout gestation and lactation. Dams and offspring were culled at either late gestation (fetal day 20, F20) or early postweaning (postnatal day 24, P24). CLA, HF and HFCLA dams were heavier than CD throughout gestation. Plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α were elevated in HF dams, with restoration in HFCLA dams. Male and female fetuses from HF dams were smaller at F20 but displayed catch-up growth and impaired insulin sensitivity at P24, which was reversed in HFCLA offspring. HFCLA dams at P24 were protected from impaired insulin sensitivity as compared to HF dams. Maternal CLA supplementation normalised inflammation associated with consumption of a high-fat diet and reversed associated programming of metabolic dysfunction in offspring. This demonstrates that there are critical windows of developmental plasticity in which the effects of an adverse early-life environment can be reversed by maternal dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Segovia
- Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyuan D Zhang
- Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Khaire AA, Kale AA, Joshi SR. Maternal omega-3 fatty acids and micronutrients modulate fetal lipid metabolism: A review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 98:49-55. [PMID: 25958298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that alterations in the mother's diet or metabolism during pregnancy has long-term adverse effects on the lipid metabolism in the offspring. There is growing interest in the role of specific nutrients especially omega-3 fatty acids in the pathophysiology of lipid disorders. A series of studies carried out in humans and rodents in our department have consistently suggested a link between omega-3 fatty acids especially docosahexaenoic acid and micronutrients (vitamin B12 and folic acid) in the one carbon metabolic cycle and its effect on the fatty acid metabolism, hepatic transcription factors and DNA methylation patterns. However the association of maternal intake or metabolism of these nutrients with fetal lipid metabolism is relatively less explored. In this review, we provide insights into the role of maternal omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 and their influence on fetal lipid metabolism through various mechanisms which influence phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, adiponectin signaling pathway and epigenetic process like chromatin methylation. This will help understand the possible mechanisms involved in fetal lipid metabolism and may provide important clues for the prevention of lipid disorders in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita A Khaire
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Anvita A Kale
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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Konieczna J, Palou M, Sánchez J, Picó C, Palou A. Leptin intake in suckling rats restores altered T3 levels and markers of adipose tissue sympathetic drive and function caused by gestational calorie restriction. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:959-66. [PMID: 25869480 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal calorie restriction during gestation in rats has been associated with altered white adipose tissue (WAT) sympathetic innervation and function in offspring. Here, we aimed to investigate whether supplementation with oral leptin (a breast milk component) throughout the lactation period may revert the aforementioned adverse programming effects. METHODS Three groups of male and female rats were studied at the postnatal day 25: the offspring of control dams, the offspring of 20% calorie-restricted dams during pregnancy (CR) and CR rats supplemented with physiological doses of leptin throughout lactation (CR-Leptin). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels and its immunoreactive area, and mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and of deiodinase iodothyronine type II (Dio2) were determined in WAT. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were determined in the blood. RESULTS In CR males, leptin treatment restored the decreased TH levels and its immunoreactive area in WAT, and partially normalized expression levels of genes related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation (adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha). Leptin treatment also reverted the decreased T3 plasma levels and WAT lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels occurring in CR males and females, and the decreased Dio2 mRNA levels in CR females. CONCLUSIONS Leptin supplementation throughout the lactation period reverts the malprogrammed effects on WAT structure and function induced by undernutrition during pregnancy. These findings support the relevance of the intake of leptin during lactation, bearing clear characteristics of essential nutrient, and provide a strategy to treat and/or prevent the programmed trend to obesity acquired by inadequate fetal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Konieczna
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Blood cell transcriptomic-based early biomarkers of adverse programming effects of gestational calorie restriction and their reversibility by leptin supplementation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9088. [PMID: 25766068 PMCID: PMC4357898 DOI: 10.1038/srep09088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of preventing major chronic diseases requires reliable, early biomarkers. Gestational mild undernutrition in rats is enough to program the offspring to develop later pathologies; the intake of leptin, a breastmilk component, during lactation may reverse these programming effects. We used these models to identify, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), transcriptomic-based early biomarkers of programmed susceptibility to later disorders, and explored their response to neonatal leptin intake. Microarray analysis was performed in PBMCs from the offspring of control and 20% gestational calorie-restricted dams (CR), and CR-rats supplemented with physiological doses of leptin throughout lactation. Notably, leptin supplementation normalised 218 of the 224 mRNA-levels identified in PBMCs associated to undernutrition during pregnancy. These markers may be useful for early identification and subsequent monitoring of individuals who are at risk of later diseases and would specifically benefit from the intake of appropriate amounts of leptin during lactation.
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Wattez JS, Delmont A, Bouvet M, Beseme O, Goers S, Delahaye F, Laborie C, Lesage J, Foligné B, Breton C, Metges CC, Vieau D, Pinet F. Maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies lactose and serotranferrin in milk: relevance to the programming of metabolic diseases? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E393-401. [PMID: 25550282 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00452.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A close link between intrauterine growth restriction and development of chronic adult diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension has been established both in humans and animals. Modification of growth velocity during the early postnatal period (i.e., lactation) may also sensitize to the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This suggests that milk composition may have long-lasting programming/deprogramming metabolic effects in the offspring. We therefore assess the effects of maternal perinatal denutrition on breast milk composition in a food-restricted 50% (FR50) rat model. Monosaccharides and fatty acids were characterized by gas chromatography, and proteins were profiled by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight analysis in milk samples from FR50 and control rat dams. Milk analysis of FR50 rats demonstrated that maternal undernutrition decreases lactose concentration and modulates lipid profile at postnatal day 10 by increasing the unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids and diminishes serotransferrin levels at postnatal day 21. Our data indicate that maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies milk composition both quantitatively and qualitatively. These modifications by maternal nutrition open new perspectives to identify molecules that could be used in artificial milk to protect from the subsequent development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wattez
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Delmont
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UMR8576), Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - M Bouvet
- Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - O Beseme
- Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - S Goers
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany; and
| | - F Delahaye
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - C Laborie
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - J Lesage
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - B Foligné
- Lactic Acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity (U1019-UMR8204), Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Breton
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany; and
| | - D Vieau
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France;
| | - F Pinet
- Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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29
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Oberbauer AM. Developmental programming: the role of growth hormone. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:8. [PMID: 25774292 PMCID: PMC4358872 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental programming of the fetus has consequences for physiologic responses in the offspring as an adult and, more recently, is implicated in the expression of altered phenotypes of future generations. Some phenotypes, such as fertility, bone strength, and adiposity are highly relevant to food animal production and in utero factors that impinge on those traits are vital to understand. A key systemic regulatory hormone is growth hormone (GH), which has a developmental role in virtually all tissues and organs. This review catalogs the impact of GH on tissue programming and how perturbations early in development influence GH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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30
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31
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Phillips KA, Bales KL, Capitanio JP, Conley A, Czoty PW, ‘t Hart BA, Hopkins WD, Hu SL, Miller LA, Nader MA, Nathanielsz PW, Rogers J, Shively CA, Voytko ML. Why primate models matter. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:801-27. [PMID: 24723482 PMCID: PMC4145602 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their similarity to humans in physiology, neuroanatomy, reproduction, development, cognition, and social complexity-yet it is these very similarities that make the use of NHPs in biomedical research a considered decision. As primate researchers, we feel an obligation and responsibility to present the facts concerning why primates are used in various areas of biomedical research. Recent decisions in the United States, including the phasing out of chimpanzees in research by the National Institutes of Health and the pending closure of the New England Primate Research Center, illustrate to us the critical importance of conveying why continued research with primates is needed. Here, we review key areas in biomedicine where primate models have been, and continue to be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge in biomedical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio TX 78212
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX
| | - Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - John P. Capitanio
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - Alan Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Bert A. ‘t Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswick, The Netherlands
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute and Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30302
- Division of Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta GA 30030
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio TX 78229
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Mary Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
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Nathanielsz PW, Ford SP, Long NM, Vega CC, Reyes-Castro LA, Zambrano E. Interventions to prevent adverse fetal programming due to maternal obesity during pregnancy. Nutr Rev 2014; 71 Suppl 1:S78-87. [PMID: 24147928 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a global epidemic affecting both developed and developing countries. Human and animal studies indicate that maternal obesity adversely programs the development of offspring, predisposing them to chronic diseases later in life. Several mechanisms act together to produce these adverse health effects. There is a consequent need for effective interventions that can be used in the management of human pregnancy to prevent these outcomes. The present review analyzes the dietary and exercise intervention studies performed to date in both altricial and precocial animals, rats and sheep, with the aim of preventing adverse offspring outcomes. The results of these interventions present exciting opportunities to prevent, at least in part, adverse metabolic and other outcomes in obese mothers and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Pathological roles of ceramide and its metabolites in metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:793-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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The Influence of Growth Hormone on Bone and Adipose Programming. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 814:169-76. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Musa MG, Torrens C, Clough GF. The microvasculature: a target for nutritional programming and later risk of cardio-metabolic disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:31-45. [PMID: 23758932 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that microvascular deficits affecting multiple tissues and organs play an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease. Furthermore, both in humans and animal models, deficits in small vessel structure and function can be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end-organ damage that is common to hypertension and obesity-associated clinical disorders. This article considers the growing evidence for the negative impact of an adverse maternal diet on the long-term health of her child, and how this can result in a disadvantageous vascular phenotype that extends to the microvascular bed. We describe how structural and functional modifications in the offspring microcirculation during development may represent an important and additional risk determinant to increase susceptibility to the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adult life and consider the cell-signalling pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction that may be 'primed' by the maternal environment. Published studies were identified that reported outcomes related to the microcirculation, endothelium, maternal diet and vascular programming using NCBI PubMed.gov, MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases from 1980 until April 2013 using pre-specified search terms. Information extracted from over 230 original reports and review articles was critically evaluated by the authors for inclusion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Musa
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - C. Torrens
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - G. F. Clough
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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36
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Benyshek DC. The “early life” origins of obesity-related health disorders: New discoveries regarding the intergenerational transmission of developmentally programmed traits in the global cardiometabolic health crisis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152 Suppl 57:79-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Benyshek
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada; Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV 89154-5003
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37
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Pico C, Palou A. Perinatal programming of obesity: an introduction to the topic. Front Physiol 2013; 4:255. [PMID: 24062695 PMCID: PMC3775463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Pico
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of the Balearic Islands(UIB) Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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38
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Daskalakis NP, Lehrner A, Yehuda R. Endocrine aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder and implications for diagnosis and treatment. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2013; 42:503-13. [PMID: 24011883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious, multisystem disorder with multiple medical comorbidities. This article reviews the current literature on the endocrine aspects of PTSD, specifically hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alterations indicative of low cortisol and increased glucocorticoid sensitivity, and the proposed mechanisms whereby these alterations increase risk or reflect pathophysiology. Discussion includes novel treatment innovations and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Traumatic Stress Studies Division, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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Hill DJ, Prapavessis H, Shoemaker JK, Jackman M, Mahmud FH, Clarson C. Relationship between Birth Weight and Metabolic Status in Obese Adolescents. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:490923. [PMID: 24555145 PMCID: PMC3901987 DOI: 10.1155/2013/490923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To examine the relationships between birth weight and body mass index, percent body fat, blood lipids, glycemia, insulin resistance, adipokines, blood pressure, and endothelial function in a cohort of obese adolescents. Design and Methods. Ninety-five subjects aged 10-16 years (mean age 13.5 years) with a body mass index >95th centile (mean [±SEM] 33.0 ± 0.6) were utilized from two prospective studies for obesity prevention prior to any interventions. The mean term birth weight was 3527 ± 64 g (range 1899-4990 g;). Results. Body mass index z-score correlated positively with birth weight (r (2) = 0.05, P = 0.03), but not percent body fat. Insulin resistance negatively correlated with birth weight (r (2) = 0.05, P < 0.001), as did fasting plasma insulin (r (2) = 0.05, P < 0.001); both being significantly greater for subjects of small versus large birth weight (Δ Homeostasis Model Assessment = 2.5 and Δ insulin = 10 pmol/L for birth weight <2.5 kg versus >4.5 kg). Adiponectin, but not leptin, blood pressure z-scores or peripheral arterial tomography values positively correlated with birth weight (r (2) = 0.07, P = 0.008). Conclusions. Excess body mass index in obese adolescents was positively related to birth weight. Birth weight was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors but represented a significant determinant of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hill
- London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 4V2
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - J. Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Michelle Jackman
- London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farid H. Mahmud
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Cheril Clarson
- London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5A5
- London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital, London, ON, Canada N6A 5W9
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