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Liu Y, Chen L, Lin L, Xu C, Xiong Y, Qiu H, Li X, Li S, Cao H. Unveiling the hidden pathways: Exploring astrocytes as a key target for depression therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:101-113. [PMID: 38626560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are widely debilitating psychiatric disease. Despite the considerable progress in the field of depression therapy, extensive research spanning many decades has failed to uncover pathogenic pathways that might aid in the creation of long-acting and rapid-acting antidepressants. Consequently, it is imperative to reconsider existing approaches and explore other targets to improve this area of study. In contemporary times, several scholarly investigations have unveiled that persons who have received a diagnosis of depression, as well as animal models employed to study depression, demonstrate a decrease in both the quantity as well as density of astrocytes, accompanied by alterations in gene expression and morphological attributes. Astrocytes rely on a diverse array of channels and receptors to facilitate their neurotransmitter transmission inside tripartite synapses. This study aimed to investigate the potential processes behind the development of depression, specifically focusing on astrocyte-associated neuroinflammation and the involvement of several molecular components such as connexin 43, potassium channel Kir4.1, aquaporin 4, glutamatergic aspartic acid transporter protein, SLC1A2 or GLT-1, glucocorticoid receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B, and autophagy, that localized on the surface of astrocytes. The study also explores novel approaches in the treatment of depression, with a focus on astrocytes, offering innovative perspectives on potential antidepressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Scientific Research Management Department, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Caijuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Huiwen Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Sixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
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Xia X, Chen K, Chen Y. Change in function and homeostasis of HPA axis: The role of vitamin family. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110899. [PMID: 38325521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With the improvement of living quality, people pay more and more attention to vitamin supplements. The vitamins in the daily diet can meet the needs of the body. Whether additional vitamin supplementation is necessary still needs to be further explored. Many studies have reported that vitamin deficiency and excessive vitamin supplementation could lead to abnormal development in the body or increase the risk of diseases. Here, we summarize the abnormal levels of vitamins can cause the homeostasis imbalance of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by affecting its development and function. It can lead to abnormal synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoid in the body, which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases and psychoneurotic diseases. In addition, vitamin has a strong antioxidant effect, which can eliminate oxygen free radicals. Thereby, vitamins can alter HPA axis function and homeostasis maintenance by combating oxidative stress. This review provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the role of abnormal levels of vitamin in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases and its intervention strategy, and also provides reference value and guiding significance for rational use of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Liu M, Fan Y, Ni N, Yu T, Mao Z, Huang H, Zhang J, Tang Y, He H, Meng F, You Y, Zhou Q. TERT mediates the U-shape of glucocorticoids effects in modulation of hippocampal neural stem cells and associated brain function. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14577. [PMID: 38421107 PMCID: PMC10850922 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. A physiological-level GCs have a crucial function in maintaining many cognitive processes, like cognition, memory, and mood, however, both insufficient and excessive GCs impair these functions. Although this phenomenon could be explained by the U-shape of GC effects, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of GCs may provide insight into the treatments for cognitive and mood-related disorders. METHODS Consecutive administration of corticosterone (CORT, 10 mg/kg, i.g.) proceeded for 28 days to mimic excessive GCs condition. Adrenalectomy (ADX) surgery was performed to ablate endogenous GCs in mice. Microinjection of 1 μL of Ad-mTERT-GFP virus into mouse hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) and behavioral alterations in mice were observed 4 weeks later. RESULTS Different concentrations of GCs were shown to affect the cell growth and development of neural stem cells (NSCs) in a U-shaped manner. The physiological level of GCs (0.01 μM) promoted NSC proliferation in vitro, while the stress level of GCs (10 μM) inhibited it. The glucocorticoid synthesis blocker metyrapone (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and ADX surgery both decreased the quantity and morphological development of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature cells in the DG. The physiological level of GCs activated mineralocorticoid receptor and then promoted the production of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT); in contrast, the stress level of GCs activated glucocorticoid receptor and then reduced the expression of TERT. Overexpression of TERT by AD-mTERT-GFP reversed both chronic stresses- and ADX-induced deficiency of TERT and the proliferation and development of NSCs, chronic stresses-associated depressive symptoms, and ADX-associated learning and memory impairment. CONCLUSION The bidirectional regulation of TERT by different GCs concentrations is a key mechanism mediating the U-shape of GC effects in modulation of hippocampal NSCs and associated brain function. Replenishment of TERT could be a common treatment strategy for GC dysfunction-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yixin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ningjie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Yu
- School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hanyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yulin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fan Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yongping You
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi‐Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Rabellino D, Thome J, Densmore M, Théberge J, McKinnon MC, Lanius RA. The Vestibulocerebellum and the Shattered Self: a Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Dissociative Subtype. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1083-1097. [PMID: 36121553 PMCID: PMC10657293 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The flocculus is a region of the vestibulocerebellum dedicated to the coordination of neck, head, and eye movements for optimal posture, balance, and orienting responses. Despite growing evidence of vestibular and oculomotor impairments in the aftermath of traumatic stress, little is known about the effects of chronic psychological trauma on vestibulocerebellar functioning. Here, we investigated alterations in functional connectivity of the flocculus at rest among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS) as compared to healthy controls. Forty-four healthy controls, 57 PTSD, and 32 PTSD + DS underwent 6-min resting-state MRI scans. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses using the right and left flocculi as seeds were performed. These analyses revealed that, as compared to controls, PTSD and PTSD + DS showed decreased resting-state functional connectivity of the left flocculus with cortical regions involved in bodily self-consciousness, including the temporo-parietal junction, the supramarginal and angular gyri, and the superior parietal lobule. Moreover, as compared to controls, the PTSD + DS group showed decreased functional connectivity of the left flocculus with the medial prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, and the mid/posterior cingulum, key regions of the default mode network. Critically, when comparing PTSD + DS to PTSD, we observed increased functional connectivity of the right flocculus with the right anterior hippocampus, a region affected frequently by early life trauma. Taken together, our findings point toward the crucial role of the flocculus in the neurocircuitry underlying a coherent and embodied self, which can be compromised in PTSD and PTSD + DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rabellino
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Janine Thome
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program and Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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5
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Ferreira AC, Marques F. The Effects of Stress on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Behavior in the Absence of Lipocalin-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15537. [PMID: 37958520 PMCID: PMC10649401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein able to bind iron when complexed with bacterial siderophores. The recent identification of a mammalian siderophore also suggested a physiological role for LCN2 in the regulation of iron levels and redox state. In the central nervous system, the deletion of LCN2 induces deficits in neural stem cells proliferation and commitment, with an impact on the hippocampal-dependent contextual fear discriminative task. Additionally, stress is a well-known regulator of cell genesis and is known to decrease adult hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Although voluntary running, another well-known regulator of neurogenesis, is sufficient to rescue the defective hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in LCN2-null mice by promoting stem cells' cell cycle progression and maturation, the relevance of LCN2-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis in response to stress has never been explored. Here, we show a lack of response by LCN2-null mice to the effects of chronic stress exposure at the cellular and behavioral levels. Together, these findings implicate LCN2 as a relevant mediator of neuronal plasticity and brain function in the adult mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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6
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Park I, Kim J, Kim M, Lim DW, Jung J, Kim MJ, Song J, Cho S, Um MY. Sargassum horneri Extract Attenuates Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice Treated with Stress Hormone. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1841. [PMID: 37891920 PMCID: PMC10604295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri, a brown seaweed, is known for its various health benefits; however, there are no reports on its effects on depression. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of S. horneri ethanol extract (SHE) in mice injected with corticosterone (CORT) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Behavioral tests were conducted, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and CORT levels were measured. A fluorometric monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme inhibition assay was performed. Neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels were determined. Moreover, the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was evaluated. Behavioral tests revealed that SHE has antidepressant effects by reducing immobility time and increasing time spent in open arms. Serum CRH, ACTH, and CORT levels decreased in the mice treated with SHE, as did the glucocorticoid-receptor expression in their brain tissues. SHE inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B activities. In addition, SHE increased levels of neurotransmitters. Furthermore, SHE activated the ERK-CREB-BDNF pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest that SHE has antidepressant effects in CORT-injected mice, via the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and monoaminergic pathway, and through activation of the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. Thus, our study suggests that SHE may act as a natural antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jiménez Peinado P, Urbach A. From Youthful Vigor to Aging Decline: Unravelling the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Aging. Cells 2023; 12:2086. [PMID: 37626896 PMCID: PMC10453598 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Joseph Altman published his pioneering work demonstrating neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats, the number of publications in this field increased exponentially. Today, we know that the adult hippocampus harbors a pool of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) that are the source of life-long neurogenesis and plasticity. The functions of these NSCs are regulated by extrinsic cues arising from neighboring cells and the systemic environment. However, this tight regulation is subject to imbalance with age, resulting in a decline in adult NSCs and neurogenesis, which contributes to the progressive deterioration of hippocampus-related cognitive functions. Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying this age-related decline in neurogenesis are only incompletely understood, but appear to include an increase in NSC quiescence, changes in differentiation patterns, and NSC exhaustion. In this review, we summarize recent work that has improved our knowledge of hippocampal NSC aging, focusing on NSC-intrinsic mechanisms as well as cellular and molecular changes in the niche and systemic environment that might be involved in the age-related decline in NSC functions. Additionally, we identify future directions that may advance our understanding of NSC aging and the concomitant loss of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Aging Research Center Jena, Leibniz Institute on Aging, 07745 Jena, Germany
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8
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Polcz VE, Barrios EL, Chapin B, Price C, Nagpal R, Chakrabarty P, Casadesus G, Foster T, Moldawer L, Efron PA. Sex, sepsis and the brain: defining the role of sexual dimorphism on neurocognitive outcomes after infection. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:963-978. [PMID: 37337946 PMCID: PMC10285043 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms exist in multiple domains, from learning and memory to neurocognitive disease, and even in the immune system. Male sex has been associated with increased susceptibility to infection, as well as increased risk of adverse outcomes. Sepsis remains a major source of morbidity and mortality globally, and over half of septic patients admitted to intensive care are believed to suffer some degree of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). In the short term, SAE is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, and in the long term, has the potential for significant impairment of cognition, memory, and acceleration of neurocognitive disease. Despite increasing information regarding sexual dimorphism in neurologic and immunologic systems, research into these dimorphisms in sepsis-associated encephalopathy remains critically understudied. In this narrative review, we discuss how sex has been associated with brain morphology, chemistry, and disease, sexual dimorphism in immunity, and existing research into the effects of sex on SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie E. Polcz
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Evan L. Barrios
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin Chapin
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Catherine C. Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Lyle L. Moldawer
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Oršolić N, Karlović D, Peitl V. Flavonols in Action: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086888. [PMID: 37108052 PMCID: PMC10138550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses that highly impairs quality of life. Pharmacological interventions are mainly focused on altered monoamine neurotransmission, which is considered the primary event underlying the disease's etiology. However, many other neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to the disease's progression and clinical symptoms have been identified. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, hippocampal atrophy, reduced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, the depletion of neurotrophic factors, and the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Current therapeutic options are often unsatisfactory and associated with adverse effects. This review highlights the most relevant findings concerning the role of flavonols, a ubiquitous class of flavonoids in the human diet, as potential antidepressant agents. In general, flavonols are considered to be both an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of depression, which is largely based on their prominent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, preclinical studies have provided evidence that they are capable of restoring the neuroendocrine control of the HPA axis, promoting neurogenesis, and alleviating depressive-like behavior. Although these findings are promising, they are still far from being implemented in clinical practice. Hence, further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the potential of flavonols with respect to the improvement of clinical signs of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Luo N, Guo Y, Peng L, Deng F. High-fiber-diet-related metabolites improve neurodegenerative symptoms in patients with obesity with diabetes mellitus by modulating the hippocampal-hypothalamic endocrine axis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1026904. [PMID: 36733447 PMCID: PMC9888315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1026904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, this study examined the role of high-fiber diet in obesity complicated by diabetes and neurodegenerative symptoms. Method The expression matrix of high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, blood methylation profile associated with pre-symptomatic dementia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and high-throughput single-cell sequencing data of hippocampal samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and through a literature search. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) after quality control and data filtering to identify different cell clusters and candidate markers. A protein-protein interaction network was mapped using the STRING database. To further investigate the interaction among high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, methylation-related DEGs related to T2DM, and single-cell marker genes related to AD, AutoDock was used for semi-flexible molecular docking. Result Based on GEO database data and previous studies, 24 marker genes associated with high-fiber diet, T2DM, and AD were identified. Top 10 core genes include SYNE1, ANK2, SPEG, PDZD2, KALRN, PTPRM, PTPRK, BIN1, DOCK9, and NPNT, and their functions are primarily related to autophagy. According to molecular docking analysis, acetamidobenzoic acid, the most substantially altered metabolic marker associated with a high-fiber diet, had the strongest binding affinity for SPEG. Conclusion By targeting the SPEG protein in the hippocampus, acetamidobenzoic acid, a metabolite associated with high-fiber diet, may improve diabetic and neurodegenerative diseases in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ning Luo ✉
| | - Yuejie Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangli Deng
- Breast Health Care Center, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
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11
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Dunn Rosenberg J, Jannasch A, Binsted K, Landry S. Biobehavioral and psychosocial stress changes during three 8-12 month spaceflight analog missions with Mars-like conditions of isolation and confinement. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898841. [PMID: 36569765 PMCID: PMC9768546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior theories about individual and team adaptation to living and working in an isolated and confined environment (ICE) have been derived from the experiences of individuals who winter-over in Antarctica or deploy for long durations in submarines. These theories are typically described as a 3- to 4-stage process with phases of excitement and elevated alertness, then followed by difficult phases, including depression and volatility. To further evaluate the applicability of these theories to long-duration human spaceflight missions, longitudinal stress responses to prolonged isolation and confinement of three 6-person crews during 8-12 months simulated Mars missions were characterized through metabolite profiling (biomarkers in hair and urine samples), wearables monitoring (sleep and activity levels), and self-reported ratings of stress, mood, social participation, and perceived health. These data were normalized, aggregated, and clustered to analyze longitudinal trends in biobehavioral and psychosocial stress measures. As a result, this analysis presents a theoretical model that triangulates aspects of prior theories with new evidence to describe ICE stress at HI-SEAS as 1) eustress of initial adaptation (high stress hormone levels at mission start), 2) deprivation due to prolonged isolation and confinement (decreasing dopamine and serotonin levels), 3) disruption of individual and team dynamics (changes in activity levels, mood, perceived stress, and social participation) and 4) asynchronous coping (changes in sleep-wake cycles, outlook, and team cohesion). These findings support several aspects of prior theories in combination, such as the elevated alertness at mission start and that adverse conditions are most likely to develop after the halfway point of a mission (e.g. for HI-SEAS 8-12 months missions, after approximately 6 months) followed by a period of volatility until the end (e.g. as stated in Rohrer's theory, ups and downs until the end, not a renewed outlook at the end as described in 3rd quarter phenomenon theory).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Dunn Rosenberg
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Jocelyn Dunn Rosenberg,
| | - Amber Jannasch
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kim Binsted
- Information and Computer Sciences Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Steven Landry
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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12
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Zheng T, Bielinski DF, Fisher DR, Zhang J, Shukitt-Hale B. Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Blueberry Extract on Adult Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196152. [PMID: 36234687 PMCID: PMC9571008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process impacts neural stem cells and causes a significant decline in neurogenesis that contributes to neuronal dysfunction leading to cognitive decline. Blueberries are rich in polyphenols and have been shown to improve cognition and memory in older humans. While our previous studies have shown that blueberry supplementations can increase neurogenesis in aged rodents, it is not clear whether this finding can be extrapolated to humans. We thus investigated the effects of blueberry treatments on adult hippocampal human neural progenitor cells (AHNPs) that are involved in neurogenesis and potentially in memory and other brain functions. Cultured AHNPs were treated with blueberry extract at different concentrations. Their viability, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated with and without the presence of a cellular oxidative stressor, dopamine, and potential cellular mechanisms were also investigated. Our data showed that blueberry extract can significantly increase the viability and proliferation rates of control hippocampal AHNPs and can also reverse decreases in viability and proliferation induced by the cellular stressor dopamine. These effects may be associated with blueberry’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calcium-buffering properties. Polyphenol-rich berry extracts thus confer a neuroprotective effect on human hippocampal progenitor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zheng
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Donna F. Bielinski
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Derek R. Fisher
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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13
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Chu L, Shu X, Wu Y, Yang H, Lu Q, Deng H. Abnormal Plasma Levels of Steroids and Their Ratios in Patients With Prurigo Nodularis: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:835269. [PMID: 35837010 PMCID: PMC9273777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.835269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been suggested that cortisol levels are abnormal in chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis, but other steroids, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone, are still unknown, and whether these hormones affect the maintenance of skin homeostasis or the pathogenesis of skin diseases is not fully understood. Limited data are available on steroid levels in prurigo nodularis (PN)-related research, and no study has examined the association between pruritus severity and steroid levels in PN patients. Aims: This pilot study aimed to investigate the differences in the levels of five steroids combined with their ratios in plasma between PN patients and controls and to examine the associations between the biomarkers and pruritus severity. Methods: Plasma concentrations of five steroids, including cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in 36 patients with PN were compared with concentrations in thirty-six and matched healthy controls. The concentrations of steroids were quantitated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The PN symptoms, including pruritus severity, pain, and life quality, were assessed with the use of the visual analog scale, prurigo score index, numerical rating scale, and verbal rating scale and dermatology life quality index scores. Results: In comparison with controls, PN patients had lower levels of plasma cortisol and cortisone, which negatively correlated with PN symptoms. PN patients had higher levels of cortisone and testosterone to cortisol, which positively correlated with pruritus severity. Additionally, there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of DHEA and testosterone between the two groups. We found no correlation between plasma concentrations of DHEA and testosterone and pruritus severity. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that there may be abnormalities in peripheral blood levels of cortisol, and cortisone and the ratios of cortisone and testosterone to cortisol in patients with PN, and they are related to pruritus severity. The plasma concentrations of testosterone and DHEA may be not abnormal in PN patients and may not be associated with pruritus severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Prescription Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Forbes SC, Celoch K, Candow DG, Tartar JL. Gene Expression Changes of Murine Cortex Homeostasis in Response to Sleep Deprivation Hint Dysregulated Aging-like Transcriptional Responses. Brain Sci 2022; 12:825. [PMID: 35884632 PMCID: PMC9313387 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation leads to the deterioration in the physiological functioning of the brain, cognitive decline, and many neurodegenerative diseases, all of which progress with advancing age. Sleep insufficiency and impairments in cognitive function are characterized by progressive neuronal losses in the cerebral cortex. In this study, we analyze gene expression profiles following sleep-deprived murine models and circadian matched controls to identify genes that might underlie cortical homeostasis in response to sleep deprivation. Screening of the literature resulted in three murine (Mus musculus) gene expression datasets (GSE6514, GSE78215, and GSE33491) that included cortical tissue biopsies from mice that are sleep deprived for 6 h (n = 15) and from circadian controls that are left undisturbed (n = 15). Cortical differentially expressed genes are used to construct a network of encoded proteins that are ranked based on their interactome according to 11 topological algorithms. The analysis revealed three genes-NFKBIA, EZR, and SGK1-which exhibited the highest multi-algorithmic topological significance. These genes are strong markers of increased brain inflammation, cytoskeletal aberrations, and glucocorticoid resistance, changes that imply aging-like transcriptional responses during sleep deprivation in the murine cortex. Their potential role as candidate markers of local homeostatic response to sleep loss in the murine cortex warrants further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London W12 0BZ, UK;
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London W12 0BZ, UK;
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Kamil Celoch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; (K.C.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - Jaime L. Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; (K.C.); (J.L.T.)
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15
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Stress upregulates 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain, and it is sustained by green nut oil supplementation in SAMP8 mice revealed by DESI-MSI. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Anxiety and hippocampal neuronal activity: Relationship and potential mechanisms. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34873665 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in modulating anxiety. It interacts with a variety of brain regions, both cortical and subcortical areas regulating emotion and stress responses, including prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens, to adjust anxiety levels in response to a variety of stressful conditions. Growing evidence indicates that anxiety is associated with increased neuronal excitability in the hippocampus, and alterations in local regulation of hippocampal excitability have been suggested to underlie behavioral disruptions characteristic of certain anxiety disorders. Furthermore, studies have shown that some anxiolytics can treat anxiety by altering the excitability and plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Hence, identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms and neural circuits that regulate hippocampal excitability in anxiety may be beneficial for developing targeted interventions for treatment of anxiety disorders particularly for the treatment-resistant cases. We first briefly review a role of the hippocampus in fear. We then review the evidence indicating a relationship between the hippocampal activity and fear/anxiety and discuss some possible mechanisms underlying stress-induced hippocampal excitability and anxiety-related behavior.
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17
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Budziñski ML, Sokn C, Gobbini R, Ugo B, Antunica-Noguerol M, Senin S, Bajaj T, Gassen NC, Rein T, Schmidt MV, Binder EB, Arzt E, Liberman AC. Tricyclic antidepressants target FKBP51 SUMOylation to restore glucocorticoid receptor activity. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2533-2545. [PMID: 35256747 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FKBP51 is an important inhibitor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. High FKBP51 levels are associated to stress-related disorders, which are linked to GR resistance. SUMO conjugation to FKBP51 is necessary for FKBP51's inhibitory action on GR. The GR/FKBP51 pathway is target of antidepressant action. Thus we investigated if these drugs could inhibit FKBP51 SUMOylation and therefore restore GR activity. Screening cells using Ni2+ affinity and in vitro SUMOylation assays revealed that tricyclic antidepressants- particularly clomipramine- inhibited FKBP51 SUMOylation. Our data show that clomipramine binds to FKBP51 inhibiting its interaction with PIAS4 and therefore hindering its SUMOylation. The inhibition of FKBP51 SUMOylation decreased its binding to Hsp90 and GR facilitating FKBP52 recruitment, and enhancing GR activity. Reduction of PIAS4 expression in rat primary astrocytes impaired FKBP51 interaction with GR, while clomipramine could no longer exert its inhibitory action. This mechanism was verified in vivo in mice treated with clomipramine. These results describe the action of antidepressants as repressors of FKBP51 SUMOylation as a molecular switch for restoring GR sensitivity, thereby providing new potential routes of antidepressant intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia L Budziñski
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Clara Sokn
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Romina Gobbini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Belén Ugo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - María Antunica-Noguerol
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Sergio Senin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Bonn Clinical Center, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Bonn Clinical Center, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina. .,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
| | - Ana C Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, C1425FQD, Argentina.
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18
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Hippocampal volume, FKBP5 genetic risk alleles, and childhood trauma interact to increase vulnerability to chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6511. [PMID: 35444168 PMCID: PMC9021300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is common and highly morbid. However, vulnerability factors for CMP are poorly understood. Previous studies have independently shown that both small hippocampal brain volume and genetic risk alleles in a key stress system gene, FKBP5, increase vulnerability for chronic pain. However, little is known regarding the relationship between these factors and CMP. Here we tested the hypothesis that both small hippocampal brain volume and FKBP5 genetic risk, assessed using the tagging risk variant, FKBP5rs3800373, increase vulnerability for CMP. We used participant data from 36,822 individuals with available genetic, neuroimaging, and chronic pain data in the UK Biobank study. Although no main effects were observed, the interaction between FKBP5 genetic risk and right hippocampal volume was associated with CMP severity (β = -0.020, praw = 0.002, padj = 0.01). In secondary analyses, severity of childhood trauma further moderated the relationship between FKBP5 genetic risk, right hippocampal brain volume, and CMP (β = -0.081, p = 0.016). This study provides novel evidence that both FKBP5 genetic risk and childhood trauma moderate the relationship between right hippocampal brain volume and CMP. The data increases our understanding of vulnerability factors for CMP and builds a foundation for further work assessing causal relationships that might drive CMP development.
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19
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Peng HL, Liu LN, Liu DL, Tan YY. Depression and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Association and potential mechanisms. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:295-302. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i7.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and is closely related to the high incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and colorectal tumor. Depression is a common mental disorder that is characterized by high incidence, high recurrence rate, high disability rate, and high suicide rate, which has serious harm to patients' physical and mental health, reduce the quality of life of patients. In recent years, as more and more attention has been paid to mental health of NAFLD patients, the relationship between NAFLD and depression has become one of the hot research topics. Studies have shown that the incidence of depression in NAFLD patients is higher than that in non-NAFLD patients, and the incidence of NAFLD in depressed patients is also higher. Some research results have been published on the mechanism of comorbidity between the two. This paper reviews the research progress on the correlation and common mechanism between NAFLD and depression, aiming to lay a foundation for further research on the comorbidities of NAFLD and depression, and provide a basis and research direction for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with both comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Ni Liu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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20
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Johnson S. In Times of Adversity: A Neuroscience Perspective on Stress, Health, and Implications for Society Post-pandemic. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:165-170. [PMID: 35370488 PMCID: PMC8961708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between chronic stress and chronic disease (including mental illness) is well established: HPA-axis hyperactivity leads to hormonal dysregulation of primary mediators (eg, glucocorticoids, cytokines, etc.), allostatic overload, and neurological degradation, followed by clinical manifestations of disease. Amid the largest public health crisis of the century lay a myriad of challenges pushing people beyond their limit. From experiencing loss of connection or dealing with loss of life to financial shocks of COVID-19 lockdowns or infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, stress is at an all-time high, threatening both brain and mental health at scale. Fortunately, there is a way forward: the neuroscience of resilience teaches us that it is possible to resist, recover, and redirect the brain from trauma to re-establish balance in the body and improve well-being. At the same time, health follows a social gradient: adverse and protective psychosocial factors are shaped by wider social and economic determinants of health. This paper argues the neurobiology of stress is not separate from health disparities linked to adverse factors (ie, stress) created by complex social and economic contexts. Therefore, the field of neuroscience is challenged to inform multi-context and multi-level approaches and engage with decision-makers to enact policies and interventions aimed at promoting the resilient element in a wider population health context. Undoubtedly, achieving such a goal for current and future generations to benefit and lead healthier lives requires a heroic effort from all key stakeholders. The cost of willful neglect to resolve these issues is too expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simisola Johnson
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Simisola Johnson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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21
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Busler JN, Coello E, Liao H, Taylor J, Zhao W, Holsen LM, Lin AP, Mahon PB. Perceived Stress, Cortical GABA, and Functional Connectivity Correlates: A Hypothesis-Generating Preliminary Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:802449. [PMID: 35350427 PMCID: PMC8957825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposures and dysregulated responses to stress are implicated in psychiatric disorders of mood, anxiety, and cognition. Perceived stress, an individual's appraisal of experienced stress and ability for coping, relates to dysregulated functioning in resting state brain networks. Alterations in GABAergic function may underlie perceived stress-related functional dysregulation in resting state networks but this has not yet been explored. Therefore, the current study examined the association of perceived stress, via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), with prefrontal GABA levels and corresponding resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) alterations. Twelve women and five men, ages 35-61, participated. MR spectroscopy was used to measure brain GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Resting state functional scans acquired at 3 Tesla were used to measure RSFC within and between the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and central executive networks (CEN), hippocampus and amygdala. We observed significant negative correlations between total PSS scores and left DLPFC GABA levels (r = -0.62, p = 0.023). However, PSS scores were not significantly correlated with RSFC measures (all p > 0.148). These preliminary results support a relationship between perceived stress and GABAergic functioning in DLPFC, a core node of the CEN, an intrinsic network thought to underlie goal-directed attentional processes. Our findings extend previous work suggesting that functioning in the CEN is related to perceived stress and may inform treatment strategies to improve outcomes in stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Busler
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo Coello
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huijun Liao
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wufan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura M. Holsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander P. Lin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pamela B. Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Ali AAH, von Gall C. Adult Neurogenesis under Control of the Circadian System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050764. [PMID: 35269386 PMCID: PMC8909047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is a hierarchically organized system, which controls a 24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the circadian system modulates the complex multistep process of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for brain plasticity. This modulatory effect may be exercised via rhythmic systemic factors including neurotransmitters, hormones and neurotrophic factors as well as rhythmic behavior and physiology or via intrinsic factors within the neural progenitor cells such as the redox state and clock genes/molecular clockwork. In this review, we discuss the role of the circadian system for adult neurogenesis at both the systemic and the cellular levels. Better understanding of the role of the circadian system in modulation of adult neurogenesis can help develop new treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deterioration associated with chronodisruption due to detrimental light regimes or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Rao YL, Ganaraja B, Murlimanju BV, Joy T, Krishnamurthy A, Agrawal A. Hippocampus and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease: a review. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:55. [PMID: 35116217 PMCID: PMC8807768 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus is the significant component of the limbic lobe, which is further subdivided into the dentate gyrus and parts of Cornu Ammonis. It is the crucial region for learning and memory; its sub-regions aid in the generation of episodic memory. However, the hippocampus is one of the brain areas affected by Alzheimer's (AD). In the early stages of AD, the hippocampus shows rapid loss of its tissue, which is associated with the functional disconnection with other parts of the brain. In the progression of AD, atrophy of medial temporal and hippocampal regions are the structural markers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lack of sirtuin (SIRT) expression in the hippocampal neurons will impair cognitive function, including recent memory and spatial learning. Proliferation, differentiation, and migrations are the steps involved in adult neurogenesis. The microglia in the hippocampal region are more immunologically active than the other regions of the brain. Intrinsic factors like hormones, glia, and vascular nourishment are instrumental in the neural stem cell (NSC) functions by maintaining the brain's microenvironment. Along with the intrinsic factors, many extrinsic factors like dietary intake and physical activity may also influence the NSCs. Hence, pro-neurogenic lifestyle could delay neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lakshmisha Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. Ganaraja
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. V. Murlimanju
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Teresa Joy
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Ashwin Krishnamurthy
- Department of Anatomy, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020 Madhya Pradesh India
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Keding TJ, Heyn SA, Russell JD, Zhu X, Cisler J, McLaughlin KA, Herringa RJ. Differential Patterns of Delayed Emotion Circuit Maturation in Abused Girls With and Without Internalizing Psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:1026-1036. [PMID: 34407623 PMCID: PMC8570983 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood abuse represents one of the most potent risk factors for developing psychopathology, especially in females. Evidence suggests that exposure to early-life adversity may be related to advanced maturation of emotion processing neural circuits. However, it remains unknown whether abuse is related to early circuit maturation and whether maturation patterns depend on the presence of psychopathology. METHODS A multisite sample of 234 girls (ages 8-18 years) completed clinical assessment, maltreatment histories, and high-resolution T1-weighted structural MRI. Girls were stratified by abuse history and internalizing disorder diagnosis into typically developing (no abuse/no diagnosis), resilient (abuse/no diagnosis), and susceptible (abuse/current diagnosis) groups. Machine learning models of normative brain development were aggregated in a stacked generalization framework trained to predict chronological age using gray matter volume in whole-brain, emotion, and language circuit parcellations. Brain age gap estimations (BrainAGEs; predicted age minus true chronological age) were calculated as indices of relative circuit maturation. RESULTS Childhood abuse was related to reduced BrainAGE (delayed maturation) specific to emotion circuits. Delayed emotion circuit BrainAGE was further related to increased hyperarousal symptoms. Childhood physical neglect was associated with increased whole-brain BrainAGE (advanced maturation). Neural contributors to emotion circuit BrainAGE differed in girls with and without an internalizing diagnosis, especially in the lateral prefrontal, parietal, and insular cortices and the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Abuse exposure in girls is associated with a delayed structural maturation pattern specific to emotion circuitry, a potentially adaptive mechanism enhancing threat generalization. Physical neglect, on the other hand, is associated with a broader brain-wide pattern of advanced structural maturation. The differential influence of fronto-parietal cortices and the hippocampus on emotion circuit maturity in resilient girls may represent neurodevelopmental markers of reduced psychiatric risk following abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Keding
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sara A. Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin D. Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Josh Cisler
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ryan J. Herringa
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Eachus H, Choi MK, Ryu S. The Effects of Early Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviour: Insights From Zebrafish Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657591. [PMID: 34368117 PMCID: PMC8335398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The early life period represents a window of increased vulnerability to stress, during which exposure can lead to long-lasting effects on brain structure and function. This stress-induced developmental programming may contribute to the behavioural changes observed in mental illness. In recent decades, rodent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how early life stress (ELS) affects brain development and behaviour. These studies reveal that ELS has long-term consequences on the brain such as impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, altering learning and memory. Despite such advances, several key questions remain inadequately answered, including a comprehensive overview of brain regions and molecular pathways that are altered by ELS and how ELS-induced molecular changes ultimately lead to behavioural changes in adulthood. The zebrafish represents a novel ELS model, with the potential to contribute to answering some of these questions. The zebrafish offers some important advantages such as the ability to non-invasively modulate stress hormone levels in a whole animal and to visualise whole brain activity in freely behaving animals. This review discusses the current status of the zebrafish ELS field and its potential as a new ELS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- Living Systems Institute and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Min-Kyeung Choi
- Living Systems Institute and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Living Systems Institute and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Investigating the potential mechanisms of depression induced-by COVID-19 infection in patients. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 91:283-287. [PMID: 34373041 PMCID: PMC8289699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged now in the world as a pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes variant common symptoms, such as dry cough, tiredness, dyspnea, fever, myalgia, chills, headache, chest pain, and conjunctivitis. Different organs may be affected by COVID-19, such as the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and CNS. However, the information about the COVID-19 infection in the CNS is insufficient. We do know that the virus can enter the central nervous system (CNS) via different routes, causing symptoms such as dizziness, headache, seizures, loss of consciousness, and depression. Depression is the most common disorder among all neurological symptoms following COVID-19 infection, although the mechanism of COVID-19-induced depression is not yet clear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the probable mechanisms of COVID-19-induced depression. The reasons for depression in infected patients may be due to social and pathological factors including social quarantine, economic problems, stress, changes in the HPA axis, inflammation due to the entry of proinflammatory cytokines into the CNS, production of inflammatory cytokines by microglia, mitochondrial disorders, damage to the hippocampus, and malnutrition. By evaluating different factors involved in COVID-19-induced depression, we have concluded that depression can be minimized by controlling stress, preventing the cytokine storm with appropriate anti-inflammatory drugs, and proper nutrition.
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27
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A Novel Methodology Using Dexamethasone to Induce Neuronal Differentiation in the CNS-Derived Catecholaminergic CAD Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2337-2353. [PMID: 34059943 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cath.a-differentiated (CAD) cell line is a central nervous system-derived catecholaminergic cell line originating from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-producing neurons located around the locus coeruleus area of the mouse brain. CAD cells have been used as an in vitro model for cellular and molecular studies due to their ability to differentiate under serum-free media conditions. However, the lack of serum-derived survival factors, limits the longevity for differentiated CAD cells to be maintained in healthy conditions; thereby, limiting their use in long-term culture studies. Here, we present a novel differentiation method that utilizes dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Specifically, we discovered that the addition of 100 µM of Dex into the 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented media effectively induced neuronal differentiation of CAD cells, as characterized by neurite formation and elongation. Dex-differentiated CAD cells exited the cell cycle, stopped proliferating, extended the neurites, and expressed neuronal markers. These effects were dependent on the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) as they were abolished by GR knockdown. Importantly, Dex-differentiated CAD cells showed longer survival duration than serum-free differentiated CAD cells. In addition, RNA-sequencing and qPCR data demonstrate that several genes involved in proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and survival pathways were differentially expressed in the Dex-differentiated cells. This is the first study to reveal Dex as a novel differentiation methodology used to generate postmitotic neuronal CAD cells, which may be utilized as an in vitro neuronal model for cellular and molecular neurobiology research.
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Boroujeni SN, Lorigooini Z, Boldaji FR, Amini-Khoei H. Diosgenin via NMDA Receptor Exerted Anxiolytic-like Effect on Maternally Separated Mice. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:440-445. [PMID: 32679011 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200717083211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that lead to the disruption of daily life and also the quality of life. Routine medications have many side effects and cause physical dependence and psychosocial addiction. Diosgenin is a phytosteroid found in a number of herbs. The present study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of diosgenin in the maternal separation model in male mice focusing on the role of NMDA receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Maternal separation (MS) paradigm was performed daily (3 h) from postnatal day (PND) 2-14. Male mice were treated with different doses of diosgenin to find effective and sub-effective doses. In the next step, mice were treated with an effective dose of diosgenin plus NMDA and or a sub-effective dose of diosgenin plus ketamine (NMDA antagonist). Valid behavioral tests for the evaluation of anxiety-like behavior were performed. Then, mice were euthanized, the hippocampus was dissected out and gene expression of NMDA receptors (NR2a and NR2b subunits) was assessed. RESULTS MS provokes anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Diosgenin significantly mitigated the negative effects of MS. Co-administration of NMDA attenuated anxiolyticlike effect of the effective dose of diosgenin, while ketamine potentiated the anxiolytic effect of sub-effective dose of diosgenin. Furthermore, MS increased the expression of the NMDA receptor in the hippocampus which to some extent modulated with diosgenin. CONCLUSION Diosignin has an anxiolytic-like effect on MS mice which at least, in part, mediated through NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Boldaji
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Alnoud MAH, Chen W, Liu N, Zhu W, Qiao J, Chang S, Wu Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Sun Q, Kang J. Sirt7-p21 Signaling Pathway Mediates Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of Mouse Neural Stem Cell Proliferation. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:444-455. [PMID: 33025360 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) overexposure impacts fetal hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) and increases the risk for relative cognitive and mood disorders in offspring. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we treated mouse hippocampal NSCs with dexamethasone (DEX) in vitro and found that DEX inhibited cell proliferation and Sirt7 expression. In addition, prenatal mouse overexposure to DEX induced the suppression of Sirt7 in the hippocampus of offspring. Sirt7 knockdown significantly decreased the percentage of proliferating cells but did not further reduce the NSC proliferation rate in the presence of DEX, whereas Sirt7 overexpression rescued DEX-induced inhibition of hippocampal NSC proliferation. Moreover, DEX inhibited Sirt7 expression through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and p21 was found to mediate the functional effect of DEX-induced Sirt7 suppression. In conclusion, our data demonstrate for the first time the effect of DEX on the Sirt7-p21 pathway in hippocampal NSCs, identifying a new potential therapeutic target for prenatal GC overexposure-related neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A H Alnoud
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nana Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shujuan Chang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiaoyi Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Mikhailichenko N, Wang YH, Wei JCC, Lai TJ. Association between Anti-inflammatory Drug and Dementia in Patients with Gout: A Nationwide, Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2042-2050. [PMID: 33850475 PMCID: PMC8040399 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.55496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The interaction between hyperuricemia and the cognitive system is still under debate, with studies presenting somewhat conflicting results. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk of dementia in patients with gout who are administered anti-inflammatory drug treatment. Methods: Gouty arthritis patients aged 50 years and older, who received at least one of the background therapy drugs (colchicine, corticosteroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 6 months), were divided into the following groups and compared: patients who had dementia over a period of 5 years (n = 2,292) and matched patients without dementia (n = 2,292). Results: We found that the most significant risk factors for dementia were stroke (OR, 2.66; 95% C.I., 2.33-3.03; AOR, 2.39; 95% C.I., 2.08-2.75) and depression (OR, 3.72; 95% C.I., 3.01-4.6; AOR, 3.25; 95% C.I., 2.60-4.05). The results of anti-gout drug administration, which impacted the dementia risk among patients of all ages (but especially in 50-64-year-old patients), demonstrated a higher risk ratio after 90 days of corticosteroid use (OR, 3.39; 95% C.I., 1.15-9.99), which was further increased after 180 days (OR, 3.61; 95% C.I., 1.31-9.94). We revealed that female patients experienced a significant increase in dementia risk after 90 days of corticosteroid administration, whereas male patients experienced a significant increase only after 180 days (OR, 1.52; 95% C.I., 1.06-2.17). Conclusion: We had identified that > 90-day corticosteroid administration is a significant dementia risk factor in both female and male patients of all ages, especially in the 50-60-year-old group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mikhailichenko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NEVRON International Medical Center, Vladivostok, 690078, Russia;
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Jen Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jiang T, Hu S, Dai S, Yi Y, Wang T, Li X, Luo M, Li K, Chen L, Wang H, Xu D. Programming changes of hippocampal miR-134-5p/SOX2 signal mediate the susceptibility to depression in prenatal dexamethasone-exposed female offspring. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:69-86. [PMID: 33619658 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder and has intrauterine developmental origins. This study aimed to confirm the depression susceptibility in offspring rats induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) and to further explore the intrauterine programming mechanism. Wistar rats were injected with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg·d) subcutaneously during the gestational days 9-20 and part of the offspring was given chronic stress at postnatal weeks 10-12. Behavioral results showed that the adult PDE female offspring was susceptible to depression, accompanied by increased hippocampal miR-134-5p expression and decreased sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) expression, as well as disorders of neural progenitor cells proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis. The PDE female fetal rats presented consistent changes with the adult offspring, accompanied by the upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. We further found that the H3K9ac level of the miR-134-5p promoter was significantly increased in the PDE fetal hippocampus, as well as in adult offspring before and after chronic stress. In vitro, the changes of GR/SIRT1/miR-134-5p/SOX2 signal by dexamethasone were consistent with in vivo experiments, which could be reversed by GR receptor antagonist, SIRT1 agonist, and miR-134-5p inhibitor. This study confirmed that PDE led to an increased expression level as well as H3K9ac level of miR-134-5p by activating the GR/SIRT1 pathway in the fetal hippocampus and then inhibited the SOX2 expression. The programming effect mediated by the abnormal epigenetic modification could last from intrauterine to adulthood, which constitutes the intrauterine programming mechanism leading to hippocampal neurogenesis disorders and depression susceptibility in female offspring. Intrauterine programming mechanism for the increased depressive susceptibility in adult female offspring by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE). GR, glucocorticoid receptor; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SOX2, sex-determining region Y-box 2; NPCs, neuroprogenitor cells; H3K9ac, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation; GRE, glucocorticoid response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiwen Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mingcui Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Li
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Podgorny OV, Gulyaeva NV. Glucocorticoid-mediated mechanisms of hippocampal damage: Contribution of subgranular neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2020; 157:370-392. [PMID: 33301616 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of the interplay between glucocorticoids (GCs) and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is presented, particularly, in the context of a diseased brain. The effectors of GCs in the dentate gyrus neurogenic niche of the hippocampal are reviewed, and the consequences of the GC signaling on the generation and integration of new neurons are discussed. Recent findings demonstrating how GC signaling mediates impairments of the AHN in various brain pathologies are overviewed. GC-mediated effects on the generation and integration of adult-born neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus depend on the nature, severity, and duration of the acting stress factor. GCs realize their effects on the AHN primarily via specific glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Disruption of the reciprocal regulation between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the generation of the adult-born granular neurons is currently considered to be a key mechanism implicating the AHN into the pathogenesis of numerous brain diseases, including those without a direct hippocampal damage. These alterations vary from reduced proliferation of stem and progenitor cells to increased cell death and abnormalities in morphology, connectivity, and localization of young neurons. Although the involvement of the mutual regulation between the HPA axis and the AHN in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits and mood impairments is evident, several unresolved critical issues are stated. Understanding the details of GC-mediated mechanisms involved in the alterations in AHN could enable the identification of molecular targets for ameliorating pathology-induced imbalance in the HPA axis/AHN mutual regulation to conquer cognitive and psychiatric disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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Donoso F, Schverer M, Rea K, Pusceddu MM, Roy BL, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Schellekens H. Neurobiological effects of phospholipids in vitro: Relevance to stress-related disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100252. [PMID: 33344707 PMCID: PMC7739190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a crucial component for maintenance of brain function and mental health. Accumulating evidence suggests that certain molecular compounds derived from diet can exert neuroprotective effects against chronic stress, and moreover improve important neuronal processes vulnerable to the stress response, such as plasticity and neurogenesis. Phospholipids are naturally occurring amphipathic molecules with promising potential to promote brain health. However, it is unclear whether phospholipids are able to modulate neuronal function directly under a stress-related context. In this study, we investigate the neuroprotective effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), sphingomyelin (SM) and cardiolipin (CL) against corticosterone (CORT)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. In addition, we examine their capacity to modulate proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We show that PS, PG and PE can reverse CORT-induced cytotoxicity and neuronal depletion in cortical cells. On the other hand, phospholipid exposure was unable to prevent the decrease of Bdnf expression produced by CORT. Interestingly, PS was able to increase hippocampal NPCs neurosphere size, and PE elicited a significant increase in astrocytic differentiation in hippocampal NPCs. Together, these results indicate that specific phospholipids protect cortical cells against CORT-induced cytotoxicity and improve proliferation and astrocytic differentiation in hippocampal NPCs, suggesting potential implications on neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective pathways relevant for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Donoso
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marina Schverer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Dattilo V, Amato R, Perrotti N, Gennarelli M. The Emerging Role of SGK1 (Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1) in Major Depressive Disorder: Hypothesis and Mechanisms. Front Genet 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32849818 PMCID: PMC7419621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disease characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interests, and impaired cognitive and social functions. The multifactorial etiology of MDD is still largely unknown because of the complex genetic and environmental interactions involved. Therefore, no established mechanism can explain all the aspects of the disease. In this light, an extensive research about the pathophysiology of MDD has been carried out. Several pathogenic hypotheses, such as monoamines deficiency and neurobiological alterations in the stress-responsive system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system, have been proposed for MDD. Over time, remarkable studies, mainly on preclinical rodent models, linked the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) to the main features of MDD. SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the AGK Kinase family. SGK1 is ubiquitously expressed, which plays a pivotal role in the hormonal regulation of several ion channels, carriers, pumps, and transcription factors or regulators. SGK1 expression is modulated by cell stress and hormones, including gluco- and mineralocorticoids. Compelling evidence suggests that increased SGK1 expression or function is related to the pathogenic stress hypothesis of major depression. Therefore, the first part of the present review highlights the putative role of SGK1 as a critical mediator in the dysregulation of the HPA axis, observed under chronic stress conditions, and its controversial role in the neuroinflammation as well. The second part depicts the negative regulation exerted by SGK1 in the expression of both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in an anti-neurogenic activity. Finally, the review focuses on the antidepressant-like effects of anti-oxidative nutraceuticals in several preclinical model of depression, resulting from the restoration of the physiological expression and/or activity of SGK1, which leads to an increase in neurogenesis. In summary, the purpose of this review is a systematic analysis of literature depicting SGK1 as molecular junction of the complex mechanisms underlying the MDD in an effort to suggest the kinase as a potential biomarker and strategic target in modern molecular antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Rose M, Filiatreault A, Guénette J, Williams A, Thomson EM. Ozone increases plasma kynurenine-tryptophan ratio and impacts hippocampal serotonin receptor and neurotrophic factor expression: Role of stress hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109483. [PMID: 32278163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with adverse impacts on the brain, including cognitive decline and increased incidence of dementia, depression and anxiety; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have shown that both ozone and particulate matter activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing plasma glucocorticoids and altering mRNA profiles in multiple tissues including the brain. HPA axis dysregulation has been associated with central nervous system impacts, including key effects in the hippocampus; accordingly, we hypothesized that pollutant-dependent increases in glucocorticoid levels impact biological pathways relevant to brain health. Fischer-344 rats were treated with metyrapone (0 or 50 mg/kg), a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor, and exposed to ozone (0 or 0.8 ppm) for 4 h (n = 5/group) to investigate the role of glucocorticoids in ozone-dependent effects on tryptophan metabolism and expression of serotonin receptors and neurotrophic factors. Ozone increased plasma levels of the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (~2-fold) and decreased tryptophan levels (~1.2 fold). Hippocampal expression of serotonin receptors exhibited differential regulation following exposure, and expression of key neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A, insulin-like growth factor-1, tyrosine kinase receptor B, b-cell lymphoma 2) was decreased. Some, but not all effects were abrogated by metyrapone treatment, suggesting both glucocorticoid-dependent and -independent regulation. Exposure to exogenous corticosterone (10 mg/kg) followed by clean air reproduced the ozone effects that were blocked with metyrapone, confirming the specificity of effects to glucocorticoids. These results indicate that ozone can modify pathways relevant to brain health and establish a role for the HPA axis in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rose
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alain Filiatreault
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Josée Guénette
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Solomon ER, Caldwell KK, Allan AM. Developmental arsenic exposure is associated with sex differences in the epigenetic regulation of stress genes in the adult mouse frontal cortex. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 391:114920. [PMID: 32061746 PMCID: PMC7948303 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Solomon
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico HSC, MSC08 4740, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
| | - Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico HSC, MSC08 4740, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico HSC, MSC08 4740, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States.
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Gulyaeva NV. Biochemical Mechanisms and Translational Relevance of Hippocampal Vulnerability to Distant Focal Brain Injury: The Price of Stress Response. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1306-1328. [PMID: 31760920 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Focal brain injuries (in particular, stroke and traumatic brain injury) induce with high probability the development of delayed (months, years) cognitive and depressive disturbances which are frequently comorbid. The association of these complications with hippocampal alterations (in spite of the lack of a primary injury of this structure), as well as the lack of a clear dependence between the probability of depression and dementia development and primary damage severity and localization served as the basis for a new hypothesis on the distant hippocampal damage as a key link in the pathogenesis of cognitive and psychiatric disturbances. According to this hypothesis, the excess of corticosteroids secreted after a focal brain damage, in particular in patients with abnormal stress-response due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) dysfunction, interacts with corticosteroid receptors in the hippocampus inducing signaling pathways which stimulate neuroinflammation and subsequent events including disturbances in neurogenesis and hippocampal neurodegeneration. In this article, the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the regulatory role of the HPAA and multiple functions of brain corticosteroid receptors in the hippocampus are analyzed. Functional and structural damage to the hippocampus, a brain region selectively vulnerable to external factors and responding to them by increased cytokine secretion, forms the basis for cognitive function disturbances and psychopathology development. This concept is confirmed by our own experimental data, results of other groups and by prospective clinical studies of post-stroke complications. Clinically relevant biochemical approaches to predict the risks and probability of post-stroke/post-trauma cognitive and depressive disturbances are suggested using the evaluation of biochemical markers of patients' individual stress-response. Pathogenetically justified ways for preventing these consequences of focal brain damage are proposed by targeting key molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia. .,Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow, 115419, Russia
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Holmes L, Shutman E, Chinaka C, Deepika K, Pelaez L, Dabney KW. Aberrant Epigenomic Modulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) in Early Life Stress and Major Depressive Disorder Correlation: Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214280. [PMID: 31689998 PMCID: PMC6861987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) induced by psychological trauma, child maltreatment, maternal separation, and domestic violence predisposes to psycho-behavioral pathologies during adulthood, namely major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, and bipolar affective disorder. While environmental data are available in illustrating this association, data remain to be established on the epigenomic underpinning of the nexus between ELS and MDD predisposition. Specifically, despite the observed aberrant epigenomic modulation of the NR3C1, a glucocorticoid receptor gene, in early social adversity and social threats in animal and human models, reliable scientific data for intervention mapping in reducing social adversity and improving human health is required. We sought to synthesize the findings of studies evaluating (a) epigenomic modulations, mainly DNA methylation resulting in MDD following ELS, (b) epigenomic modifications associated with ELS, and (c) epigenomic alterations associated with MDD. A systematic review and quantitative evidence synthesis (QES) were utilized with the random effect meta-analytic procedure. The search strategy involved both the PubMed and hand search of relevant references. Of the 1534 studies identified through electronic search, 592 studies were screened, 11 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the QES, and 5 examined ELS and MDD; 4 studies assessed epigenomic modulation and ELS, while 2 studies examined epigenomic modulations and MDD. The dense DNA methylation of the 1F exon of the NR3C1, implying the hypermethylated region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, was observed in the nexus between ELS and MDD, common effect size (CES) = 14.96, 95%CI, 10.06-19.85. With respect to epigenomic modulation associated with child ELS, hypermethylation was observed, CES = 23.2%, 95%CI, 8.00-38.48. In addition, marginal epigenomic alteration was indicated in MDD, where hypermethylation was associated with increased risk of MDD, CES = 2.12%, 95%CI, -0.63-4.86. Substantial evidence supports the implication of NR3C1 and environmental interaction, mainly DNA methylation, in the predisposition to MDD following ELS. This QES further supports aberrant epigenomic modulation identified in ELS as well as major depressive episodes involving dysfunctional glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback as a result of allostatic overload. These findings recommend prospective investigation of social adversity and its predisposition to the MDD epidemic via aberrant epigenomic modulation. Such data will facilitate early intervention mapping in reducing MDD in the United States population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Translational Health Disparities Science Research Program, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Emily Shutman
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Translational Health Disparities Science Research Program, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- Biological Sciences Department, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA.
| | - Chinacherem Chinaka
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Translational Health Disparities Science Research Program, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- Department of public health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
- Community Environmental Health Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
| | - Kerti Deepika
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Translational Health Disparities Science Research Program, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
| | - Lavisha Pelaez
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Translational Health Disparities Science Research Program, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
| | - Kirk W Dabney
- Nemours Healthcare System for Children, Translational Health Disparities Science Research Program, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Effects of Vitamin D 3 in Long-Term Ovariectomized Rats Subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress: BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 Implications. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081726. [PMID: 31357443 PMCID: PMC6723744 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the antidepressant-like effects of vitamin D3 at different doses (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg sc) on a model of depression produced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 28 days in long-term (3 months) ovariectomized (OVX) adult rats. Sucrose preference (SPT), forced swimming (FST) and open-field (OFT) tests were conducted to examine the depression-like state. Serum corticosterone/adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin (NT)-3/NT-4 expressions by ELISA kits and/or western blotting were determined to assess the possible mechanisms of the vitamin D3 effects on the depression-like profile in long-term OVX rats subjected to CUMS. The results showed that vitamin D3 (5.0 mg/kg), as well as fluoxetine treatment, considerably reversed the depression-like state in the SPT and FST, decreased serum corticosterone/ACTH levels, and increased BDNF and NT-3/NT-4 levels in the hippocampus of long-term OVX rats compared to OVX rats with CUMS (p < 0.05). Thus, a high dose of vitamin D3 (5.0 mg/kg sc) could improve the depression-like profile in long-term OVX adult female rats subjected to the CUMS procedure, which might be mediated by the regulation of BDNF and the NT-3/NT-4 signaling pathways in the hippocampus, as well as the corticosterone/ACTH levels of the blood serum.
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Abizaid A. Stress and obesity: The ghrelin connection. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12693. [PMID: 30714236 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a hormone associated with feeding and energy balance. Not surprisingly, this hormone is secreted in response to acute stressors and it is chronically elevated after exposure to chronic stress in tandem with a number of metabolic changes aimed at attaining homeostatic balance. In the present review, we propose that ghrelin plays a key role in these stress-induced homeostatic processes. Ghrelin targets the hypothalamus and brain stem nuclei that are part of the sympathetic nervous system to increase appetite and energy expenditure and promote the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel at the same time as sparing fat. Ghrelin also targets mesolimbic brain regions such as the ventral segmental area and the hippocampus to modulate reward processes, to protect against damage associated with chronic stress, as well as to potentially increase resilience to stress. In all, these data support the notion that ghrelin, similar to corticosterone, is a critical metabolic hormone that is essential for the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Li J, Tang S, Liu M, Liu W, Cheng C, Li Y, Sun M, Qin C. The relationship between salivary cortisol and perinatal depression in women undergoing termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: A prospective cohort study. Midwifery 2019; 75:103-109. [PMID: 31071585 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a crucial role in the neurobiological pathways for depression. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression in women before and after termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study was conducted. One-way ANOVA and linear correlation were conducted to analyse the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression before and after termination of pregnancy. RESULTS No significant difference in morning and evening cortisol levels between women underwent TOP for fetal anomaly without depression and those with depression, but the women underwent TOP for fetal anomaly had significantly higher levels of morning and evening cortisol than women with healthy pregnancy. Cortisol awakening response was lower in women underwent termination of pregnancy, than in women with normal pregnancy; lower in women underwent termination of pregnancy with depression than in those women without depression. Cortisol awakening response also had a negative correlation with depression, and the correlation coefficients for cortisol awakening response and depression after TOP (R = 0.461) were higher than the correlation coefficients for cortisol awakening response and depression before TOP(R = 0.238). CONCLUSIONS Our results were not only useful to support the hypothesis that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning would turn hypoactive, with depression progressing to increase in severity, but also helpful with insights into the predictive effects of cortisol awakening response in depression after TOP. We suggest that further research should be conducted on the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression before and after TOP for fetal anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxia Cheng
- Obstetrics Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Pediatric Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxiang Qin
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Obstetrics Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Holm SK, Madsen KS, Vestergaard M, Born AP, Paulson OB, Siebner HR, Uldall P, Baaré WFC. Previous glucocorticoid treatment in childhood and adolescence is associated with long-term differences in subcortical grey matter volume and microstructure. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101825. [PMID: 31004915 PMCID: PMC6475768 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of several pediatric diseases with undisputed disease-related benefits. Perinatal exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids can have long-term adverse cerebral effects. In adults, glucocorticoid treatment has been associated with smaller volumes of subcortical grey matter structures. Recently, we observed smaller total brain volumes in children and adolescents treated with glucocorticoid during childhood compared to healthy controls. The possible long-term effects of glucocorticoid treatment during childhood on subcortical brain volume and microstructure remain unknown. METHOD We examined 30 children and adolescents, who had previously been treated with glucocorticoids for nephrotic syndrome or rheumatic disease, and 30 healthy volunteers. Patients and healthy control groups were matched by age, gender, and level of parent education. Participants underwent 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) brain imaging. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted images were acquired. Volume and mean diffusivity (MD) measures were extracted for hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and putamen. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess differences between patients and controls, and to evaluate possible dose-response relationships. A priori, we expected patients to display lower hippocampal and amygdala volumes. RESULTS While children previously treated with glucocorticoids displayed smaller right hippocampal volumes than controls, this difference did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, patients as compared to controls showed lower right hippocampal MD, which remained when correcting for global changes in MD. The longer the time between the glucocorticoid treatment termination and MR-scan, the more right hippocampal MD values resembled that of healthy controls. Patient and controls did not differ in amygdala volume or MD. Analyses of the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and putamen only revealed smaller putamen volumes in patients compared to controls, which remained significant when controlling for total brain volume. CONCLUSION The results suggest that extra-cerebral diseases during childhood treated with glucocorticoids may be associated with reduced subcortical grey matter volumes and lower right hippocampal mean diffusivity later in life. Our findings warrant replication and elaboration in larger, preferably prospective and longitudinal studies. Such studies may also allow disentangling disease-specific effects from possible glucocorticoid treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Krøis Holm
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Neuropaediatric Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Alfred Peter Born
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Neuropaediatric Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Uldall
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Neuropaediatric Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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Marcon M, Mocelin R, de Oliveira DL, da Rosa Araujo AS, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Acetyl-L-carnitine as a putative candidate for the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders: Novel evidence from a zebrafish model. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:145-152. [PMID: 30917915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric disorders are mental conditions that affect mood, cognition and behavior and arise because of the impact of prolonged stress on the central nervous system (CNS). Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an acetyl ester of L-carnitine that easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and was recently found to be decreased in patients with major depressive disorder. ALC plays a role in energy metabolism and is widely consumed as a nutritional supplement to improve physical performance. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effects of ALC treatment (0.1 mg/L, 10 min) for 7 days on behavior and oxidative stress in zebrafish subjected to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) protocol. Behavioral outcomes were assessed in the novel tank test, and parameters of oxidative status (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses) were evaluated in the brain using colorimetric methods. According to our previous findings, UCS increased anxiety-like behavior and lipid peroxidation, while it decreased non-protein thiol levels and superoxide dismutase activity. However, ALC reversed the anxiety-like behavior and oxidative damage in stressed animals, while it was devoid of effect in control animals. Although our data reinforce the neuroprotective potential of ALC in the treatment of psychiatric disorders related to stress, further investigations are required to clarify its mechanisms of action and confirm its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Marcon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricieri Mocelin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo L de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA.
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Odaira T, Nakagawasai O, Takahashi K, Nemoto W, Sakuma W, Lin JR, Tan-No K. Mechanisms underpinning AMP-activated protein kinase-related effects on behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in an animal model of depression. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:121-133. [PMID: 30914305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is critical for whole-body energy metabolism regulation. Recent studies have suggested that physical exercise ameliorates depressive-like behaviors via AMPK activation; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of AMPK activation on depressive-like behavior in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. We treated OBX mice with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleotide (AICAR) on the 7th or 14th day after bilateral bulbectomy and evaluated depressive-like behavior using the tail-suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) on the 21st day. The expression of phosphorylated AMPK, protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus was assessed by western blotting. Hippocampal neurogenesis and localization of AMPK and phosphorylated NF-κB were examined by immunohistochemistry. Chronic AICAR treatment suppressed the prolonged immobility of OBX mice in the TST and FST, and increased the levels of phosphorylated AMPK, PKCζ, NF-κB, CREB, and BDNF. Hippocampal neurogenesis in OBX mice was promoted by chronic AICAR treatment. Co-administration of AICAR with the PKCζ inhibitor or the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (TrkB) antagonist, ANA-12, inhibited these effects. Phosphorylated AMPK was detected in mature and immature hippocampal neurons and microglia, while phosphorylated NF-κB was detected only in neurons in AICAR-treated OBX mice. These data indicate that AMPK activation produces anti-depressant effects, which are mediated by elevated hippocampal neurogenesis potentially via PKCζ/NF-κB/BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayo Odaira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Wakana Sakuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jia-Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Tan-No
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Abstract
Cognitive impairments reported across psychiatric conditions (ie, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder) strongly impair the quality of life of patients and the recovery of those conditions. There is therefore a great need for consideration for cognitive dysfunction in the management of psychiatric disorders. The redundant pattern of cognitive impairments across such conditions suggests possible shared mechanisms potentially leading to their development. Here, we review for the first time the possible role of inflammation in cognitive dysfunctions across psychiatric disorders. Raised inflammatory processes (microglia activation and elevated cytokine levels) across diagnoses could therefore disrupt neurobiological mechanisms regulating cognition, including Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor, the HPA axis, and the kynurenine pathway. This redundant association between elevated inflammation and cognitive alterations across psychiatric disorders hence suggests that a cross-disorder approach using pharmacological and nonpharmacological (ie, physical activity and nutrition) anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory strategies should be considered in the management of cognition in psychiatry.
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Mackeh R, Marr AK, Fadda A, Kino T. C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins: Evolutionarily Old and New Partners of the Nuclear Hormone Receptors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2018; 15:1550762918801071. [PMID: 30718982 PMCID: PMC6348741 DOI: 10.1177/1550762918801071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are evolutionarily conserved ligand-dependent
transcription factors. They are essential for human life, mediating the actions
of lipophilic molecules, such as steroid hormones and metabolites of fatty acid,
cholesterol, and external toxic compounds. The C2H2-type zinc finger proteins
(ZNFs) form the largest family of the transcription factors in humans and are
characterized by multiple, tandemly arranged zinc fingers. Many of the C2H2-type
ZNFs are conserved throughout evolution, suggesting their involvement in
preserved biological activities, such as general transcriptional regulation and
development/differentiation of organs/tissues observed in the early embryonic
phase. However, some C2H2-type ZNFs, such as those with the Krüppel-associated
box (KRAB) domain, appeared relatively late in evolution and have significantly
increased family members in mammals including humans, possibly modulating their
complicated transcriptional network and/or supporting the morphological
development/functions specific to them. Such evolutional characteristics of the
C2H2-type ZNFs indicate that these molecules influence the NR functions
conserved through evolution, whereas some also adjust them to meet with specific
needs of higher organisms. We review the interaction between NRs and C2H2-type
ZNFs by focusing on some of the latter molecules.
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Lou YX, Li J, Wang ZZ, Xia CY, Chen NH. Glucocorticoid receptor activation induces decrease of hippocampal astrocyte number in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2529-2540. [PMID: 30069586 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The decrease of astrocyte number and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity are observed in individuals with major depressive disorder. Elevated levels of glucocorticoids induced by hyperactivation of the HPA axis may result in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. However, it is unclear whether there is a direct link between GR activation and the decrease of astrocyte number. METHODS Animals were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 28 days and treated with continuous subcutaneous injections of vehicle or corticosterone (CORT; 40 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. We then administered mifepristone on day 21 after CUS and on day 18 after the CORT treatment. We observed behavioral deficits in the sucrose preference test, open field test, and forced swim test. Protein expression was analyzed using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot (WB). RESULTS Animals exposed to CUS exhibited behavioral deficits in tests measuring anhedonia, anxiety, and despair state. They also had decreases in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and numbers of GFAP-positive cells in the hippocampus. The behavioral and cellular alterations induced by CUS were reversed by subchronic treatment with the GR antagonist mifepristone. We also found that the subcutaneous injection of glucocorticoids may induce depression-like behavior and reduce GFAP protein expression in rats, which was similarly reversed by mifepristone. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide experimental evidence that GR activation due to elevated CORT levels induces the decrease of hippocampal astrocyte number in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Lou
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Nürnberg E, Horschitz S, Schloss P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Basal glucocorticoid receptor activation induces proliferation and inhibits neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal precursor cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 182:119-126. [PMID: 29751108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) have first been shown to originate from the adrenal glands where synthesis and release is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recently, it was shown that GC and other steroid hormones are also synthesized in the central nervous system, so-called neurosteroids. GC bind to specific GC receptors (GR) which function as ligand-activated transcription factors. GR are expressed in nearly all cell types in the brain, and therefore GC have a strong impact on neuronal development. Most knowledge of the influence of GC on neurodevelopment has been obtained from animal research. Recent advances in stem cell technology made it possible to generate neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) and neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). To explore the cellular mechanism of GC affecting human neuronal development, we quantified the proliferation and differentiation of hiPSCs-derived NPCs in the absence and presence of the selective high-affinity GR agonist dexamethasone and the selective GR antagonist mifepristone, respectively. Our results show that inhibition of GR significantly reduced proliferation of NPCs and promoted differentiation whereas GR activation suppressed neuronal differentiation. This implies that neuronal GC must be present in NPCs for proliferation. Consequently we identified the presence of 11-β-hydroxylase CYP11B1, which hydroxylates the respective steroid precursors to bioactive GC, in NPCs. We propose that hiPSC technology offers an ideal system to get more insight into the synthesising and regulatory pathways in steroidogenesis in human neurons and to differentiate between the mechanism by which adrenal GC and neuronal GC impact on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nürnberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Horschitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Schloss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Kovács LÁ, Schiessl JA, Nafz AE, Csernus V, Gaszner B. Both Basal and Acute Restraint Stress-Induced c-Fos Expression Is Influenced by Age in the Extended Amygdala and Brainstem Stress Centers in Male Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:248. [PMID: 30186150 PMCID: PMC6113579 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is the main regulator of the stress response. The key of the HPA is the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (pPVN) controlled by higher-order limbic stress centers. The reactivity of the HPA axis is considered to be a function of age, but to date, little is known about the background of this age-dependency. Sporadic literature data suggest that the stress sensitivity as assessed by semi-quantitation of the neuronal activity marker c-Fos may also be influenced by age. Here, we aimed at investigating the HPA activity and c-Fos immunoreactivity 2 h after the beginning of a single 60 min acute restraint stress in eight age groups of male Wistar rats. We hypothesized that the function of the HPA axis (i.e., pPVN c-Fos and blood corticosterone (CORT) level), the neuronal activity of nine stress-related limbic areas (i.e., magnocellular PVN (mPVN), medial (MeA), central (CeA), basolateral nuclei of the amygdala, the oval (ovBNST), dorsolateral (dlBNST), dorsomedial (dmBNST), ventral and fusiform (fuBNST) divisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)), and two brainstem stress centers such as the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (cpEW) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) show age dependency in their c-Fos response. The somatosensory barrel cortex area (S1) was evaluated to test whether the age dependency is specific for stress-centers. Our results indicate that the stress-induced rise in blood CORT titer was lower in young age reflecting relatively low HPA activity. All 12 stress-related brain areas showed c-Fos response that peaked at 2 months of age. The magnitude of c-Fos immunoreactivity correlated negatively with age in seven regions (MeA, CeA, ovBNST, dlBNST, dmBNST, fuBNST and pPVN). Unexpectedly, the CeA, ovBNST and cpEW showed a considerable basal c-Fos expression in 1-month-old rats which decreased with age. The S1 showed a U-shaped age-related dynamics in contrast to the decline observed in stress centers. We conclude that the age- and brain area dependent dynamics in stress-induced neuronal activity pattern may contribute to the age dependance of the stress reactivity. Further studies are in progress to determine the neurochemical identity of neurons showing age-dependent basal and/or stress-induced c-Fos expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Center for Neuroscience, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | - Valér Csernus
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Center for Neuroscience, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
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