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Kamra K, Zucker IH, Schultz HD, Wang HJ. Chemoreflex sensitization occurs in both male and female rats during recovery from acute lung injury. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1401774. [PMID: 39105084 PMCID: PMC11298475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1401774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex-specific patterns in respiratory conditions, such as asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnea, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, have been previously documented. Animal models of acute lung injury (ALI) have offered insights into sex differences, with male mice exhibiting distinct lung edema and vascular leakage compared to female mice. Our lab has provided evidence that the chemoreflex is sensitized in male rats during the recovery from bleomycin-induced ALI, but whether sex-based chemoreflex changes occur post-ALI is not known. To bridge this gap, the current study employed the bleomycin-induced ALI animal model to investigate sex-based differences in chemoreflex activation during the recovery from ALI. Methods ALI was induced using a single intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (bleo, 2.5 mg/Kg) (day 1). Resting respiratory frequency (fR) was measured at 1-2 days pre-bleo, day 7 (D7) post-bleo, and 1 month (1 mth) post-bleo. The chemoreflex responses to hypoxia (10% O2, 0% CO2) and normoxic-hypercapnia (21% O2, 5% CO2) were measured before bleo administration (pre-bleo) and 1 mth post-bleo using whole-body plethysmography. The apnea-hypopnea Index (AHI), post-sigh apneas, and sighs were measured at each time point. Results There were no significant differences in resting fR between male and female rats at the pre-bleo time point or in the increase in resting fR at D7 post-bleo. At 1 mth post-bleo, the resting fR was partially restored in both sexes but the recovery towards normal ranges of resting fR was significantly lower in male rats. The AHI, post-sigh apneas, and sighs were not different between male and female rats pre-bleo and 1 mth post-bleo. However, at D7 post-bleo, the male rats exhibited a higher AHI than female rats. Both male and female rats exhibited a sensitized chemoreflex in response to hypoxia and normoxic-hypercapnia with no significant differences between sexes. Conclusion A sex difference in resting ventilatory parameters occurs post ALI with a prolonged increase in resting fR and larger AHI in male rats. On the other hand, we did not find any sex differences in the chemoreflex sensitization that occurs at 1 mth post-bleo. This work contributes to a better understanding of sex-based variations in lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Kamra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Irving H. Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Harold D. Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Han-Jun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Shin MK, Tang WY, Amorim MR, Sham JSK, Polotsky VY. Carotid body denervation improves hyperglycemia in obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:233-243. [PMID: 38126089 PMCID: PMC11219014 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotid bodies (CBs) have been implicated in glucose abnormalities in obesity via elevation of activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Obesity-induced hypertension is mediated by insulin receptor (INSR) signaling and by leptin, which binds to the leptin receptor (LEPRb) in CB and activates transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). We hypothesize that in mice with diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance will be attenuated by the CB denervation (carotid sinus nerve dissection, CSND) and by knockdown of Leprb, Trpm7, and Insr gene expression in CB. In series of experiments in 75 male diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, we performed either CSND (vs. sham) surgeries or shRNA-induced suppression of Leprb, Trpm7, or Insr gene expression in CB, followed by blood pressure telemetry, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and measurements of fasting plasma insulin, leptin, corticosterone, glucagon and free fatty acids (FFAs) levels, hepatic expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) mRNA and liver glycogen levels. CSND decreased blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance without any effect on insulin resistance. CSND did not affect any hormone levels and gluconeogenesis enzymes, but increased liver glycogen level. Genetic knockdown of CB Leprb, Trpm7, and Insr had no effect on glucose metabolism. We conclude that CB contributes to hyperglycemia of obesity, probably by modulation of the glycogen-glucose equilibrium. Diabetogenic effects of obesity on CB in mice do not occur via activation of CB Leprb, Trpm7, and Insr.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper provides first evidence that carotid body denervation abolishes hypertension and improves fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance in mice with diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, we have shown that this phenomenon is associated with increased liver glycogen content, whereas insulin sensitivity and enzymes of gluconeogenesis were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mateus R Amorim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - James S-K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Cincotta AH. Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13255. [PMID: 37686060 PMCID: PMC10487918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global efforts within clinical research and medical practice to reduce cardiovascular disease(s) (CVD), it still remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While genetic factors clearly contribute to CVD etiology, the preponderance of epidemiological data indicate that a major common denominator among diverse ethnic populations from around the world contributing to CVD is the composite of Western lifestyle cofactors, particularly Western diets (high saturated fat/simple sugar [particularly high fructose and sucrose and to a lesser extent glucose] diets), psychosocial stress, depression, and altered sleep/wake architecture. Such Western lifestyle cofactors are potent drivers for the increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its attendant downstream CVD. The central nervous system (CNS) evolved to respond to and anticipate changes in the external (and internal) environment to adapt survival mechanisms to perceived stresses (challenges to normal biological function), including the aforementioned Western lifestyle cofactors. Within the CNS of vertebrates in the wild, the biological clock circuitry surveils the environment and has evolved mechanisms for the induction of the obese, insulin-resistant state as a survival mechanism against an anticipated ensuing season of low/no food availability. The peripheral tissues utilize fat as an energy source under muscle insulin resistance, while increased hepatic insulin resistance more readily supplies glucose to the brain. This neural clock function also orchestrates the reversal of the obese, insulin-resistant condition when the low food availability season ends. The circadian neural network that produces these seasonal shifts in metabolism is also responsive to Western lifestyle stressors that drive the CNS clock into survival mode. A major component of this natural or Western lifestyle stressor-induced CNS clock neurophysiological shift potentiating the obese, insulin-resistant state is a diminution of the circadian peak of dopaminergic input activity to the pacemaker clock center, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Pharmacologically preventing this loss of circadian peak dopaminergic activity both prevents and reverses existing metabolic syndrome in a wide variety of animal models of the disorder, including high fat-fed animals. Clinically, across a variety of different study designs, circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR (quick release) (a unique formulation of micronized bromocriptine-a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) therapy of type 2 diabetes subjects improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immune sterile inflammation, and/or adverse cardiovascular event rate. The present review details the seminal circadian science investigations delineating important roles for CNS circadian peak dopaminergic activity in the regulation of peripheral fuel metabolism and cardiovascular biology and also summarizes the clinical study findings of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Kiuchi MG, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Multi-organ denervation: a novel approach to combat cardiometabolic disease. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1747-1758. [PMID: 37088807 PMCID: PMC10319631 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are associated with a substantial loss in quality of life and pose a large burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system has been shown to be a key player in several aspects relating to cardiometabolic disturbances. While diet- and exercise-induced approaches to help reduce weight remains the main strategy to combat metabolic disorders, this is often difficult to achieve. Current pharmacological approaches result in variable responses in different patient cohorts and long-term efficacy may be limited by medication side effects and non-adherence in the long term. There is a clear clinical need for complementary therapies to curb the burden of cardiometabolic disease. One such approach may include interventional sympathetic neuromodulation of organs relevant to cardiometabolic control. Data from sham-controlled clinical trials demonstrate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation. In analogy, denervation of the common hepatic artery is now feasible in humans and may prove to be similarly useful in modulating sympathetic overdrive directed towards the liver, pancreas and duodenum. Such a targeted multi-organ neuromodulation strategy may beneficially influence multiple aspects of the cardiometabolic disease continuum including blood pressure, glucose and lipid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit and RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit and RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit and RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit and RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Roengrit T, Sri-Amad R, Huipao N, Phababpha S, Prasertsri P. Impact of Fasting Blood Glucose Levels on Blood Pressure Parameters among Older Adults with Prediabetes. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:1778371. [PMID: 36937546 PMCID: PMC10019973 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1778371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes mellitus (pre-DM) is defined as blood glucose levels higher than normal but lower than the threshold for diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis. Four-limb blood pressure (BP) differences can help identify a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The current study aimed to determine the importance of BP and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) between two patient groups and the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and four-limb BP, ABI, interarm BP difference (IAD), and interleg BP difference (ILD). Moreover, the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on the development of pre-DM among older adults was evaluated. The participants were divided into the normal fasting glucose (NFG) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) groups. Data on physical characteristics, lipid profiles, four-limb BP, ABI, IAD, ILD, and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. The IFG group had a significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure than the NFG group (p < 0.05). SBP was significantly positively correlated with FBG levels (p < 0.05). The IFG group had a lower ABI than the NFG group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in terms of IAD and ILD between the two groups. Furthermore, hypertension (HT), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and dyslipidemia were significantly correlated with a high prevalence of prediabetes (p < 0.05). Individuals with prediabetes had a higher BP than those with normoglycemia. Prediabetes was correlated with HT, MetS, and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapanee Roengrit
- 1Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruchada Sri-Amad
- 2Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawiya Huipao
- 3Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suphawadee Phababpha
- 4Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Prasertsri
- 5Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chonburi, Thailand
- 6Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Chonburi, Thailand
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Hamide A. Supplementation of Water-Soluble Vitamins Reduces Hyperhomocysteinemia, Insulin Resistance, and High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Prehypertension Subjects. Cureus 2023; 15:e33481. [PMID: 36751256 PMCID: PMC9901180 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehypertensives are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hyperhomocysteinemia, insulin resistance, and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications. In prehypertensives, specific therapeutic approaches can be implemented at the earliest to prevent the onset of overt hypertension. So the present study was performed to study the effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on cardiovascular risk factors like homocysteine, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein in prehypertensive subjects. METHODS Sixty prehypertensive subjects were recruited into the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups of 30 each. One group was given a placebo and the other was given water-soluble vitamins for four months. Serum homocysteine, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hs-CRP were assayed. RESULTS After four months of treatment with water-soluble vitamins, there was a significant decrease in levels of serum homocysteine, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR when compared to placebo treatment. After four months of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the levels of hs-CRP, homocysteine, and HOMA-IR in groups treated with water-soluble vitamins compared to the basal levels. CONCLUSION In subjects with prehypertension, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins decreases the level of homocysteine, insulin resistance, and hs-CRP.
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Gangopadhyay A, Ibrahim R, Theberge K, May M, Houseknecht KL. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental illness: Mechanisms linking mood, metabolism and medicines. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042442. [PMID: 36458039 PMCID: PMC9707801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. It is one of the many manifestations of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence linking the incidence of NAFLD with psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression mechanistically via genetic, metabolic, inflammatory and environmental factors including smoking and psychiatric medications. Indeed, patients prescribed antipsychotic medications, regardless of diagnosis, have higher incidence of NAFLD than population norms. The mechanistic pharmacology of antipsychotic-associated NAFLD is beginning to emerge. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathophysiology of NAFLD including its risk factors, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation as well as its intersection with psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen L. Houseknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
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Gauer JS, Ajjan RA, Ariëns RAS. Platelet-Neutrophil Interaction and Thromboinflammation in Diabetes: Considerations for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027071. [PMID: 36250653 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thromboinflammation has become a topic of key interest in cardiovascular disease and the prevention of diabetes complications because of the interplay between thrombosis and inflammation in diabetes. Specifically, the significant risk of vascular thrombotic disease in diabetes highlights the need for new and better therapeutic targets to help manage and prevent vascular thrombo-occlusive disease in this condition. Similarly, the prominent role of inflammation in diabetes has sparked interest in anti-inflammatory agents to better prevent and control vascular disease. Investigations on the effects of anticoagulation and antiplatelet interventions in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease show a potential role for these agents in decreasing morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils and platelets are key players in inflammation and wound-healing response, respectively. The interaction between neutrophils and platelets is thought to be an important driver of thromboinflammation. Therefore, this review describes the mechanisms involved in platelet-neutrophil interactions that contribute to the development or exacerbation of thromboinflammation in the context of diabetes and its associated comorbidities. The effects observed by the antithrombotic/antidiabetic treatments and physical activity/dietary interventions on attenuating thromboinflammation are discussed. These data suggest that mechanisms involved in platelet-neutrophil interaction, platelet activation/aggregation, and the recruitment of neutrophils have a promising potential to become therapeutic targets to decrease thromboinflammation in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Gauer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Discovery and Translational Science Department Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom
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Selman A, Burns S, Reddy AP, Culberson J, Reddy PH. The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169267. [PMID: 36012526 PMCID: PMC9408882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and dementia are increasing in the United States (US) population. Knowledge of these chronic conditions, preventative measures, and proper management tactics is important and critical to preventing disease. The overlap between obesity, diabetes, and dementia is becoming further elucidated. These conditions share a similar origin through the components of increasing age, gender, genetic and epigenetic predispositions, depression, and a high-fat Western diet (WD) that all contribute to the inflammatory state associated with the development of obesity, diabetes, and dementia. This inflammatory state leads to the dysregulation of food intake and insulin resistance. Obesity is often the cornerstone that leads to the development of diabetes and, subsequently, in the case of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), progression to “type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM)”. Obesity and depression are closely associated with diabetes. However, dementia can be avoided with lifestyle modifications, by switching to a plant-based diet (e.g., a Mediterranean diet (MD)), and increasing physical activity. Diet and exercise are not the only treatment options. There are several surgical and pharmacological interventions available for prevention. Current and future research within each of these fields is warranted and offers the chance for new treatment options and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Scott Burns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - John Culberson
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3194
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Effect of Low High-Density Lipoprotein Level on Endothelial Activation and Prothrombotic Processes in Coronary Artery Disease-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148637. [PMID: 35886486 PMCID: PMC9316205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play an important role in the prevention of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between serum HDL-C concentration and proinflammatory/prothrombic activation in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The study group included 27 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 30 stable angina pectoris (SA) patients. The control group consisted of 23 people without cardiac symptoms. In the AMI and SA groups, a lower HDL-C and a higher LDL-C/HDL-C index were observed. The SA patients had lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, sE-selectin ligand, as well as higher triglycerides and CD40 concentration in comparison with both the control and AMI groups. A higher von Willebrand Factor and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were found in both study groups. Low HDL-C concentration in the CAD patients may intensify pro-inflammatory endothelial activation and prothrombotic processes. A low concentration of HDL-C and a high value of the LDL-C/HDL-C index seem to be better indices of atherogenic processes than the LDL-C concentration alone.
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Chopra H, Pancholia A, Desai BN, Sinha AK, Dabhade D, Newale S. Beta-Adrenergic Blockade: Is It the Prudent Choice against Sympathetic Overdrive in Patients with Hypertension or Heart Failure? JOURNAL OF CARDIAC CRITICAL CARE TSS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of hypertension and heart failure is correlated with the hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. Beta-blockers are often considered a good therapeutic option in such clinical scenarios. However, the choice of β-blocker is a concern because of certain aspects like associated metabolic disturbances with their usage. Metoprolol has been reported to have the potential to alleviate sympathetic overdrive in patients with hypertension and heart failure. S-Metoprolol is the chirally pure β-blocker with favorable pharmacological features, improved safety profile, and allied clinical advantages versus racemic metoprolol; given this, can it be an effective therapeutic option against sympathetic overdrive in patients with hypertension and/or heart failure is not fully recognized yet. In this review, we attempted to discuss the current facts around sympathetic overdrive linked with hypertension as well as heart failure and pertaining pharmacological intervention with a focus on β-blockers in these clinical situations with an emphasis on the likely beneficial role of S-metoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.K Chopra
- Department of Cardiology, Medanta Moolchand Heart Institute - Moolchand Medcity, New Delhi, India
| | - A.K Pancholia
- Department of Medicine and Preventive Cardiology, Arihant Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupen N. Desai
- Department of Cardiology, Desai Heart Care Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay K. Sinha
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Research, Jaiprabha Medanta Super Speciality Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Dhammdeep Dabhade
- Department of Medical Services, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket Newale
- Department of Medical Services, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Hou YC, Huang HF, Tsai WH, Huang SY, Liu HW, Liu JS, Kuo KL. Vegetarian Diet Was Associated With a Lower Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Patients. Front Nutr 2022; 9:843357. [PMID: 35558755 PMCID: PMC9087577 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pathological hyperglycemic state related to the dysregulation of insulin. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common chronic complication in diabetic patients. A vegetarian diet could be one of the preventive strategies for the occurrence of CKD in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it is still unknown whether a vegetarian diet lowers the occurrence of CKD in DM patients. Research Design and Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital from 5 September 2005 to 31 December 2016. Subjects with an HbA1c level > 6.5% or previous history of diabetes mellitus elder than 40 years were grouped based on self-reported dietary habits (vegetarians, lacto-ovo vegetarians and omnivores) in the structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to estimate the direct and indirect effects of variables on the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. Results Among these 2,797 subjects, the participants were grouped into dietary habits as vegans (n = 207), lacto-ovo vegetarians (n = 941) and omnivores (n = 1,649). The incidence of overall CKD was higher in the omnivore group [36.6% vs 30.4% (vegans) and 28.5% (lacto-ovo vegetarian), p < 0.001]. In the SEM model, after adjusting for age and sex, the lacto-ovo vegetarian [OR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.82] and vegan groups (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.94) were both associated with a lower risk of CKD occurrence than the omnivore group. The vegan diet and lacto-ovo diet lowered the risk related to a high BMI (OR: 0.45, p < 0.001, OR: 0.58, p < 0.001) and hyperuricemia (OR: 0.53, p < 0.001; OR: 0.55, p < 0.001) for the occurrence of CKD. Conclusion Vegetarian dietary habits were associated with a lower occurrence of CKD in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yi Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Liu
- Tai-Yang Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lin Kuo
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Abstract
SignificanceAmbient nighttime light exposure is implicated as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, including cardiometabolic disease. However, the effects of nighttime light exposure during sleep on cardiometabolic outcomes and the related mechanisms are unclear. This laboratory study shows that, in healthy adults, one night of moderate (100 lx) light exposure during sleep increases nighttime heart rate, decreases heart rate variability (higher sympathovagal balance), and increases next-morning insulin resistance when compared to sleep in a dimly lit (<3 lx) environment. Moreover, a positive relationship between higher sympathovagal balance and insulin levels suggests that sympathetic activation may play a role in the observed light-induced changes in insulin sensitivity.
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14
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Molecular mechanisms linking stress and insulin resistance. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:317-334. [PMID: 35368460 PMCID: PMC8971350 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is ample evidence to support the strong relationship between stress and insulin resistance. While diabetes mellitus acts as a potent stress inducer, stress may be an upstream event for insulin resistance as well. It is widely recognized that diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among people who have a stressful lifestyle; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we surveyed the scientific literature for possible interactions between stress and insulin resistance and found that stress can impair glucose homeostasis, working through at least six molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Habib Yaribeygi, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Patient periprocedural stress in cardiovascular medicine: friend or foe? ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2021; 17:259-271. [PMID: 34819962 PMCID: PMC8596718 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2021.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress, a disruption of homeostasis, is an unavoidable part of everyday life. In medical procedures, stress profoundly affects both operators and patients. Although the stress reaction has evolved to aid survival of physical trauma, it may also be harmful, by aggravating the baseline medical condition and/or creating new stress-related medical problems. Stress responses comprise several protective mechanisms that are particularly relevant in the clinical setting (e.g., a procoagulatory state and blood loss counteraction, preservation of blood perfusion pressure, prevention of hypoglycemia, enhanced immune response). Beneficial psychological effects prevent recurrence of traumatic memories, and promote patient compliance and positive lifestyle changes. In contrast, overt acute stress responses may lead to severe pathological conditions such as cytokine storm, post-traumatic stress disorder, takotsubo syndrome, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. There is also evidence that stress exposure may promote atherosclerosis and reduce long-term benefits from the intervention (increase in major adverse clinical events, in-stent restenosis, etc.). Insights into the role of stress on the operator’s performance have recently led to the introduction of counteractive measures such as simulation training. Conversely, very little is known about the effect of the patient’s periprocedural stress on the outcomes of cardiovascular procedures. Recent data show that the patient periprocedural stress affects the well-being of whole families. This review, focused on topics particularly relevant to cardiovascular interventions, provides a mechanistic insight into beneficial and harmful effects of periprocedural patient stress, including the array of available stress-relieving measures.
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16
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Danasegaran M, Pal GK, Sahoo J, Pal P, Nanda N, Renugasundari M. Effects of 12 Weeks Practice of Yoga on Heart Rate Variability in Males with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: A Randomized Control Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:1105-1115. [PMID: 34582701 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of 12 weeks practice of a structured yoga module on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiometabolic risks in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving similar kind of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) with yoga therapy and without yoga therapy, matched for all the known confounders. Design: Parallel design interventional (randomized control trial) study. Subjects: Eighty treatment-naive males with T2D were randomized into control group (n = 40) and study group (n = 40). Intervention: Study group participants received a structured yoga therapy that included asana and pranayama practice for 12 weeks in addition to OAD, whereas control group participants received OAD alone. Outcome measures: Before and after intervention, BP parameters, rate pressure product (RPP) as the marker of myocardial stress, total power (TP) of HRV, low-frequency to high-frequency (LF-HF) ratio of HRV, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile and lipid risk factors, malondialdehyde (MDA), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. TP of HRV was defined as the primary outcome. Association of TP (the marker of HRV) and LF-HF ratio (the marker of sympathovagal balance) with cardiometabolic parameters was assessed by correlation and regression analyses. Results: After 12 weeks yoga therapy, there was significant reduction in cardiometabolic risks (TP of HRV, RPP, lipid risks factors, levels of MDA, and hsCRP) in study group subjects compared with control subjects that did not receive yoga therapy. All cardiometabolic risk factors were significantly correlated with TP in study group, having maximum significance with homeostatic model of insulin secretion (r = 0.502, p ≤ 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated the independent contribution of decrease in RPP, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and MDA to increased TP and decreased LF-HF ratio in T2D patients after yoga therapy. Conclusion: From the results of this study, the authors conclude that 12 weeks practice of a structured yoga module improves TP of HRV, sympathovagal balance, and metabolic functions, and reduce cardiovascular (CV) risks in patients with diabetes who received routine antidiabetic medicines along with yoga therapy, compared with the patients with diabetes who received antidiabetic medicines alone. The reduction in cardiometabolic risks in these patients is linked to the improvement in TP of HRV. Future studies should also include a control group with rapid walking or a similar exercise program of equal time to the yoga intervention group to discern whether it is in fact yoga that is leading to these results and not simply increased CV activity. Clinical Trial Registry of India (No. CTRI/2021/06/034074).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pravati Pal
- Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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17
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D' Fonseca NMM, Beukers M, Wijnberg ID, Navas de Solis C, de Ruijter-Villani M, van Doorn DA, Stout TAE, Roelfsema E. Effect of a long-term high-energy diet on cardiovascular parameters in Shetland pony mares. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2427-2436. [PMID: 34350640 PMCID: PMC8478035 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure (BP) and cardiac anatomical dimensions, are an inconsistent feature of the equine metabolic syndrome. The order in which these changes arise is unknown. OBJECTIVES Determine the order in which EMS-associated changes in cardiovascular parameters arise. ANIMALS Twenty Shetland pony mares. METHODS High-energy (HE) diet mares were fed 200% of net energy requirements for 1 (n = 3) or 2 (n = 7) consecutive diet-years, with 17 weeks of hay-only between years. Noninvasive BP measurements and echocardiograms were performed during both years. Resting 24-hour ECGs and measurements of autonomic tone (splenic volume and packed cell volume [PCV]) were performed at the end of diet-year 1. Results were compared to control mares receiving a maintenance diet for 1 (n = 7) or 2 (n = 3) consecutive years. RESULTS In year 1, HE mares had significantly higher values than control mares for mean relative left ventricular wall thickness (P = .001). After 2 diet-years, mean systolic (P = .003), diastolic (P < .001) and mean arterial BP (P = .001), heart rate (HR; P < .001), and mean left ventricular wall thickness (P = .001) also were significantly increased in HE compared to control mares. No pathological arrhythmias or differences in splenic volume or PCV were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ingesting a HE diet first induced minor changes in BP, and progressed to left-sided cardiac hypertrophy in Shetland pony mares. These findings are of interest given the increasing incidence of obesity in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky M M D' Fonseca
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martjin Beukers
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Wijnberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristobal Navas de Solis
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David A van Doorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Nutrition, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Roelfsema
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Carnagarin R, Tan K, Adams L, Matthews VB, Kiuchi MG, Marisol Lugo Gavidia L, Lambert GW, Lambert EA, Herat LY, Schlaich MP. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)-A Condition Associated with Heightened Sympathetic Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084241. [PMID: 33921881 PMCID: PMC8073135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting a quarter of the global population and is often associated with adverse health outcomes. The increasing prevalence of MAFLD occurs in parallel to that of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which in fact plays a major role in driving the perturbations of cardiometabolic homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of MAFLD are incompletely understood. Compelling evidence from animal and human studies suggest that heightened activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a key contributor to the development of MAFLD. Indeed, common treatment strategies for metabolic diseases such as diet and exercise to induce weight loss have been shown to exert their beneficial effects at least in part through the associated sympathetic inhibition. Furthermore, pharmacological and device-based approaches to reduce sympathetic activation have been demonstrated to improve the metabolic alterations frequently present in patients with obesity, MetSand diabetes. Currently available evidence, while still limited, suggests that sympathetic activation is of specific relevance in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and consequentially may offer an attractive therapeutic target to attenuate the adverse outcomes associated with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Kearney Tan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Leon Adams
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Vance B. Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Marcio G. Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Leslie Marisol Lugo Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (G.W.L.); (E.A.L.)
- Human Neurotransmitter Lab, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (G.W.L.); (E.A.L.)
- Human Neurotransmitter Lab, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lakshini Y. Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, RPH Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; (R.C.); (K.T.); (V.B.M.); (M.G.K.); (L.M.L.G.); (L.Y.H.)
- Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9224-0382; Fax: +61-8-9224-0374
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19
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Role of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiometabolic control: implications for targeted multiorgan neuromodulation approaches. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1478-1489. [PMID: 33657580 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic overdrive plays a key role in the perturbation of cardiometabolic homeostasis. Diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss remains a key strategy to combat metabolic disorders, but is often difficult to achieve. Current pharmacological approaches result in variable responses in different patient cohorts and long-term efficacy may be limited by medication intolerance and nonadherence. A clinical need exists for complementary therapies to curb the burden of cardiometabolic diseases. One such approach may include interventional sympathetic neuromodulation of organs relevant to cardiometabolic control. The experience from catheter-based renal denervation studies clearly demonstrates the feasibility, safety and efficacy of such an approach. In analogy, denervation of the common hepatic artery is now feasible in humans and may prove to be similarly useful in modulating sympathetic overdrive directed towards the liver, pancreas and duodenum. Such a targeted multiorgan neuromodulation strategy may beneficially influence multiple aspects of the cardiometabolic disease continuum offering a holistic approach.
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20
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Horton WB, Jahn LA, Hartline LM, Aylor KW, Patrie JT, Barrett EJ. Insulin increases central aortic stiffness in response to hyperglycemia in healthy humans: A randomized four-arm study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021; 18:14791641211011009. [PMID: 33908285 PMCID: PMC8481749 DOI: 10.1177/14791641211011009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults. RESULTS Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p = 0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p > 0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p = 0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p = 0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p = 0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p = 0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia acutely increased cfPWV, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in healthy humans, perhaps reflecting enhanced sympathetic tone. Whether repeated bouts of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia contribute to chronically-enhanced arterial stiffness remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Horton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- William B Horton, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Box 800136; Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Linda A Jahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lee M Hartline
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin W Aylor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James T Patrie
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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21
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Mohsin M, Souza LAC, Aliabadi S, Worker CJ, Cooper SG, Afrin S, Murata Y, Xiong Z, Feng Earley Y. Increased (Pro)renin Receptor Expression in the Hypertensive Human Brain. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606811. [PMID: 33329061 PMCID: PMC7710895 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) – a central physiological pathway involved in controlling blood pressure (BP) – leads to hypertension. It is now well-recognized that the central nervous system (CNS) has its own local RAS, and the majority of its components are known to be expressed in the brain. In physiological and pathological states, the (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a novel component of the brain RAS, plays a key role in the formation of angiotensin II (Ang II) and also mediates Ang II-independent PRR signaling. A recent study reported that neuronal PRR activation is a novel mechanism for cardiovascular and metabolic regulation in obesity and diabetes. Expression of the PRR is increased in cardiovascular regulatory nuclei in hypertensive (HTN) animal models and plays an important role in BP regulation in the CNS. To determine the clinical significance of the brain PRR in human hypertension, we investigated whether the PRR is expressed and regulated in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) – two key cardiovascular regulatory nuclei – in postmortem brain samples of normotensive (NTN) and HTN humans. Here, we report that the PRR is expressed in neurons, but not astrocytes, of the human PVN and RVLM. Notably, PRR immunoreactivity was significantly increased in both the PVN and RVLM of HTN subjects. In addition, PVN-PRR immunoreactivity was positively correlated with systolic BP (sBP) and showed a tendency toward correlation with age but not body mass index (BMI). Collectively, our data provide clinical evidence that the PRR in the PVN and RVLM may be a key molecular player in the neural regulation of BP and cardiovascular and metabolic function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhazul Mohsin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Lucas A C Souza
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Simindokht Aliabadi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Caleb J Worker
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Silvana G Cooper
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Sanzida Afrin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Yuki Murata
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhenggang Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yumei Feng Earley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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22
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, de Sibio MT, Noronha-Matos JB, Costa MA, Nogueira CR, Correia-de-Sá P. Pitfalls and challenges of the purinergic signaling cascade in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114214. [PMID: 32905795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem which have reached pandemic proportions, now also including low and middle-income countries. Excessive or abnormal fat deposition in the abdomen especially in the visceral compartment is tightly associated with a high metabolic risk for arterial hypertension, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially articular degeneration) and some cancers. Contrariwise, accumulation of fat in the subcutaneous compartment has been associated with a neutral metabolic impact, favoring a lower risk of insulin resistance. Obesity results more often from an avoidable imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure. There are several recommended strategies for dealing with obesity, including pharmacological therapies, but their success remains incomplete and may not compensate the associated adverse effects. Purinergic signaling operated by ATP and its metabolite, adenosine, has attracted increasing attention in obesity. The extracellular levels of purines often reflect the energy status of a given cell population. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides fine tuning control adipogenesis and mature adipocytes function via the activation of P2 and P1 purinoceptors, respectively. These features make the purinergic signaling cascade a putative target for therapeutic intervention in obesity and related metabolic syndromes. There are, however, gaps in our knowledge regarding the role of purines in adipocyte precursors differentiation and mature adipocytes functions, as well as their impact among distinct adipose tissue deposits (e.g. white vs. brown, visceral vs. subcutaneous), which warrants further investigations before translation to clinical trials can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa de Sibio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
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Lu Y, Liang Z, Tian J, Li Z, Song Y, Wang X, Liu K, Zhou K, Yang Y, Liu X. The association between acquired premature ejaculation and metabolic syndrome in young Chinese men. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13787. [PMID: 32772416 DOI: 10.1111/and.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted the study to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and acquired premature ejaculation (APE). From January 2017 to December 2019, 1,000 subjects, 500 men with APE (APE group) and 500 men without APE (control group), were selected. Self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) were recorded from each participant to evaluate APE. Detailed physical examinations, body composition analysis and blood tests were all assessed. The neck circumference, waist circumference, visceral fat rating, fat mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the APE group were significantly higher than the control group (p < .05 for all). Furthermore, the APE population had a higher prevalence of MetS than the control group (49.4% versus 35.6%, p = .000). Consistent results could also be observed in terms of the number of MetS components and each component of the MetS (both p < .05). Moreover, both the prevalence of APE and the severity of PE increased significantly as the number of MetS components increased. Finally, in the multivariate analysis, we found that both MetS and hs-CRP were independent risk factors for APE (both p < .01). The results indicated that APE was related to MetS but not its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongjia Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kechong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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24
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Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW. The Danger of Being Too Sympathetic: Norepinephrine in Alzheimer's Disease and Graying of Hair. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:68-72. [PMID: 31989871 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alterations in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) with age have been reported, and serious degenerative diseases of the autonomic nervous system such as multiple system atrophy are more likely to strike older people, connections between dysregulated adrenergic receptors and age-associated diseases and phenotypes have not been well studied. Two recent reports suggest that SNS may be more closely connected than previously appreciated. First, low nanomolar concentrations of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated Aβ42-amyloid oligomers alter signaling by SNS neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) to sufficiently activate kinase GSK3β to hyperphosphorylate tau, a key mediator of neurotoxicity in AD. Connecting beta-amyloid to tau in AD has been a key quest in understanding AD and developing therapeutics. The α2 adrenergic receptor inhibitory drug idazoxan reduces GSK3β activity and tau phosphorylation in AD mice with improved cognitive function, even in the presence of beta-amyloid deposits. In this study, SNS activation in the brain coupled with problematic Aβ42-amyloid oligomers result in serious consequences that can be ameliorated by reducing SNS signaling. A second example of the detrimental effects of increased SNS signaling is the premature graying of hair in response to stress. Secretion of NE resulting from stress causes differentiation of most hair pigment melanocyte stem cells (MeSCs) into melanocytes, rapidly depleting the hair follicle of pigment-producing cells as mature melanocytes undergo apoptosis and MeSCs are eventually eliminated. Blockade of NE SNS signaling preserves hair coloration in stressed animals. Increased SNS activation has serious apparently irreversible effects on homeostasis in both situations. Although neither report directly addresses aging, given that AD and the loss of hair pigmentation have strong age associations, it is of interest to better understand the role that SNS has in promoting age-associated phenotypes generally and determine if tuning the SNS through drug-mediated attenuation of SNS signaling may be of medical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mendelsohn
- Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnyvale, California.,Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California
| | - James W Larrick
- Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnyvale, California.,Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California
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25
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Segarra AB, Prieto-Gomez I, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Luna JDD, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Functional and neurometabolic asymmetry in SHR and WKY rats following vasoactive treatments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16098. [PMID: 31695104 PMCID: PMC6834850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A lateralized distribution of neuropeptidase activities in the frontal cortex of normotensive and hypertensive rats has been described depending on the use of some vasoactive drugs and linked to certain mood disorders. Asymmetrical neuroperipheral connections involving neuropeptidases from the left or right hemisphere and aminopeptidases from the heart or plasma have been suggested to play a role in this asymmetry. We hypothesize that such asymmetries could be extended to the connection between the brain and physiologic parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine. To assess this hypothesis, we analyzed the possible correlation between neuropeptidases from the left and right frontal cortex with peripheral parameters in normotensive (Wistar Kyoto [WKY]) rats and hypertensive rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]) untreated or treated with vasoactive drugs such as captopril, propranolol and L-nitro-arginine methyl ester. Neuropeptidase activities from the frontal cortex were analyzed fluorometrically using arylamide derivatives as substrates. Physiological parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine were determined using routine laboratory techniques. Vasoactive drug treatments differentially modified the asymmetrical neuroperipheral pattern by changing the predominance of the correlations between peripheral parameters and central neuropeptidase activities of the left and right frontal cortex. The response pattern also differed between SHR and WKY rats. These results support an asymmetric integrative function of the organism and suggest the possibility of a different neurometabolic response coupled to particular mood disorders, depending on the selected vasoactive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Biostatistic, Medical School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rue es Planches 5, 2842, Rossemaison, Switzerland
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26
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Nguyen LV, Ta QV, Dang TB, Nguyen PH, Nguyen T, Pham TVH, Nguyen THT, Baker S, Le Tran T, Yang DJ, Kim KW, Doan KV. Carvedilol improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in treatment of adrenergic overdrive in high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224674. [PMID: 31682617 PMCID: PMC6827914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine excess reflecting an adrenergic overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been proposed to link to hyperleptinemia in obesity and may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. However, relationship between the catecholamine level and plasma leptin in obesity has not yet been investigated. Moreover, whether pharmacological blockade of the adrenergic overdrive in obesity by the third-generation beta-blocker agents such as carvedilol could help to prevent metabolic disorders is controversial and remains to be determined. Using the high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model, we found that basal plasma norepinephrine, the principal catecholamine as an index of SNS activity, was persistently elevated and highly correlated with plasma leptin concentration during obesity development. Targeting the adrenergic overdrive from this chronic norepinephrine excess in HFD-induced obesity with carvedilol, a third-generation beta-blocker with vasodilating action, blunted the HFD-induced hepatic glucose over-production by suppressing the induction of gluconeogenic enzymes, and enhanced the muscular insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, carvedilol treatment in HFD-induced obese mice decreased the enlargement of white adipose tissue and improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and blood glucose levels. Our results suggested that catecholamine excess in obesity might directly link to the hyperleptinemic condition and the therapeutic targeting of chronic adrenergic overdrive in obesity with carvedilol might be helpful to attenuate obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh V. Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | - Quang V. Ta
- School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | - Thao B. Dang
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | | | - Thach Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | | | - Trang HT. Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Le Tran
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Joo Yang
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (KWK); (KVD)
| | - Khanh V. Doan
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
- * E-mail: (KWK); (KVD)
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Kseneva SI, Borodulina EV, Udut VV, Fisenko VP. Mechanism Underlying the Formation of a Cluster of Metabolic Syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:564-569. [PMID: 31589129 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191007115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a cluster of risk factors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has undergone some evolutionary transformations over the past years. Integrating the autonomic dysfunction into the pathogenesis of MetS creates the possibility of including a range of nosologies affecting treatment and clinical manifestations of pathologies belonging to MetS into the MetS cluster. The purpose of this work is to determine the involvement of autonomic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of associated pathological conditions in patients and MetS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 158 patients with metabolic syndrome. The patients underwent a physical examination, including BMI; a blood chemistry test with the determination of the hormonal status (insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone); a 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure (BP); an assessment of heart rate variability; studies showing the presence of gastric reflux (рН-measurement) or its damaging impact (endoscopy); men were tested with the IPSSQOL questionnaire and underwent transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and ultrasound of the bladder. RESULTS It is revealed that because of MetS, the occurrence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy reaches 37.5%. Some features of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with MetS are shown. Regurgitation prevails in the structure of complaints. In case of fibrogastroduodenoscopy, an endoscopynegative form of the disease occurs in 38%. According to the data of daily pH-measurement, when DeMeester score is high, in the supine position, 25% of the time accounts for alkaline reflux (рН > 7). It is found out that young men experience the enlargement of prostate volume and size; according to the IPSS questionnaire, the scores correspond to the initial manifestations of hyperplastic diseases of the prostate gland due to insulin resistance and normal level of androgens. CONCLUSION The paper demonstrates that the autonomic dysfunction of the nervous system (on a par with insulin resistance) is the main link in the development of MetS. This provides the basis for including the mentioned states - cardiac autonomic neuropathy, lower urinary tract symptoms, and gastroesophageal reflux disease - into the MetS cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Igorevna Kseneva
- Ministry of Education and Science, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Valentinovna Borodulina
- Ministry of Education and Science, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Vasilievich Udut
- Ministry of Education and Science, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Ministry of Education and Science National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Petrovich Fisenko
- Ministry of Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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28
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Balasubramanian P, Hall D, Subramanian M. Sympathetic nervous system as a target for aging and obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. GeroScience 2018; 41:13-24. [PMID: 30519806 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity is a hallmark of aging and obesity and contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and heart failure. The cause of this chronic sympathoexcitation in aging and obesity is multifactorial and centrally mediated. In this mini-review, we have provided an overview of the key and emerging central mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of sympathoexcitation in obesity and healthy aging, specifically focusing on hypertension. A clear understanding of these mechanisms will pave way for targeting the sympathetic nervous system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in obesity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Delton Hall
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 277 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 277 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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29
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Apaijai N, Arinno A, Palee S, Pratchayasakul W, Kerdphoo S, Jaiwongkam T, Chunchai T, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. High‐Saturated Fat High‐Sugar Diet Accelerates Left‐Ventricular Dysfunction Faster than High‐Saturated Fat Diet Alone via Increasing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Obese‐Insulin Resistant Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800729. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of DentistryChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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30
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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31
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Mai K, Brachs M, Leupelt V, Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg R, Maurer L, Grüters-Kieslich A, Ernert A, Bobbert T, Krude H, Spranger J. Effects of a combined dietary, exercise and behavioral intervention and sympathetic system on body weight maintenance after intended weight loss: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2018; 83:60-67. [PMID: 29360493 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle based weight loss interventions are hampered by long-term inefficacy. Prediction of individuals successfully reducing body weight would be highly desirable. Although sympathetic activity is known to contribute to energy homeostasis, its predictive role in body weight maintenance has not yet been addressed. OBJECTIVES We investigated, whether weight regain could be modified by a weight maintenance intervention and analyzed the predictive role of weight loss-induced changes of the sympathetic system on long-term weight regain. DESIGN 156 subjects (age > 18; BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) participated in a 12-week weight reduction program. After weight loss (T0), 143 subjects (weight loss > 8%) were randomized to a 12-month lifestyle intervention or a control group. After 12 months (T12) no further intervention was performed until month 18 (T18). Weight regain at T18 (regainBMI) was the primary outcome. Evaluation of systemic and tissue specific estimates of sympathetic system was a pre-defined secondary outcome. RESULTS BMI was reduced by 4.67 ± 1.47 kg/m2 during the initial weight loss period. BMI maintained low in subjects of the intervention group until T12 (+0.07 ± 2.98 kg/m2; p = 0.58 compared to T0), while control subjects regained +0.98 ± 1.93 kg/m2 (p < 0.001 compared to T0). The intervention group regained more weight than controls after ceasing the intervention (1.17 ± 1.34 vs. 0.57 ± 0.93 kg/m2) until T18. Consequently, BMI was not different at T18 (33.49 (32.64; 34.33) vs. 34.18 (33.61; 34.75) kg/m2; p=0.17). Weight loss-induced modification of urinary metanephrine excretion independently predicted regainBMI (R2 = 0.138; p < 0.05). The lifestyle intervention did not modify the course of urinary metanephrines after initial weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Our lifestyle intervention successfully maintained body weight during the intervention period. However, no long-term effect could be observed beyond the intervention period. Predictive sympathetic activity was not persistently modified by the intervention, which may partially explain the lack of long-term success of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Leupelt
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Maurer
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Grüters-Kieslich
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ernert
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bobbert
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
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32
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Burnstock G, Gentile D. The involvement of purinergic signalling in obesity. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:97-108. [PMID: 29619754 PMCID: PMC5940632 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, with an alarming increasing prevalence in developed countries, caused by a dysregulation of energy balance. Currently, no wholly successful pharmacological treatments are available for obesity and related adverse consequences. In recent years, hints obtained from several experimental animal models support the notion that purinergic signalling, acting through ATP-gated ion channels (P2X), G protein-coupled receptors (P2Y) and adenosine receptors (P1), is involved in obesity, both at peripheral and central levels. This review has drawn together, for the first time, the evidence for a promising, much needed novel therapeutic purinergic signalling approach for the treatment of obesity with a 'proof of concept' that hopefully could lead to further investigations and clinical trials for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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33
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Bellinger DL, Lorton D. Sympathetic Nerve Hyperactivity in the Spleen: Causal for Nonpathogenic-Driven Chronic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs)? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041188. [PMID: 29652832 PMCID: PMC5979464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) is a descriptive term coined for an eclectic group of diseases or conditions that share common inflammatory pathways, and for which there is no definitive etiology. IMIDs affect the elderly most severely, with many older individuals having two or more IMIDs. These diseases include, but are not limited to, type-1 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmunity, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjőgren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. These diseases are ostensibly unrelated mechanistically, but increase in frequency with age and share chronic systemic inflammation, implicating major roles for the spleen. Chronic systemic and regional inflammation underlies the disease manifestations of IMIDs. Regional inflammation and immune dysfunction promotes targeted end organ tissue damage, whereas systemic inflammation increases morbidity and mortality by affecting multiple organ systems. Chronic inflammation and skewed dysregulated cell-mediated immune responses drive many of these age-related medical disorders. IMIDs are commonly autoimmune-mediated or suspected to be autoimmune diseases. Another shared feature is dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we focus on dysautonomia. In many IMIDs, dysautonomia manifests as an imbalance in activity/reactivity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). These major autonomic pathways are essential for allostasis of the immune system, and regulating inflammatory processes and innate and adaptive immunity. Pathology in ANS is a hallmark and causal feature of all IMIDs. Chronic systemic inflammation comorbid with stress pathway dysregulation implicate neural-immune cross-talk in the etiology and pathophysiology of IMIDs. Using a rodent model of inflammatory arthritis as an IMID model, we report disease-specific maladaptive changes in β₂-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling from protein kinase A (PKA) to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the spleen. Beta₂-AR signal "shutdown" in the spleen and switching from PKA to G-coupled protein receptor kinase (GRK) pathways in lymph node cells drives inflammation and disease advancement. Based on these findings and the existing literature in other IMIDs, we present and discuss relevant literature that support the hypothesis that unresolvable immune stimulation from chronic inflammation leads to a maladaptive disease-inducing and perpetuating sympathetic response in an attempt to maintain allostasis. Since the role of sympathetic dysfunction in IMIDs is best studied in RA and rodent models of RA, this IMID is the primary one used to evaluate data relevant to our hypothesis. Here, we review the relevant literature and discuss sympathetic dysfunction as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of IMIDs, and then discuss a novel target for treatment. Based on our findings in inflammatory arthritis and our understanding of common inflammatory process that are used by the immune system across all IMIDs, novel strategies to restore SNS homeostasis are expected to provide safe, cost-effective approaches to treat IMIDs, lower comorbidities, and increase longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Dianne Lorton
- College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44304, USA.
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Dagla I, Benaki D, Baira E, Lemonakis N, Poudyal H, Brown L, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL, Mikros E, Gikas E. Alteration in the liver metabolome of rats with metabolic syndrome after treatment with Hydroxytyrosol. A Mass Spectrometry And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - based metabolomics study. Talanta 2018; 178:246-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Maji UK, Jana P, Chatterjee M, Karmakar S, Saha A, Ghosh TK. Role of Acetyl Salicylic Acid in Controlling the DOCA-Salt Induced Hypertension in Rats by Stimulating the Synthesis of r-Cortexin in the Kidney. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2018; 25:79-88. [PMID: 29307050 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-017-0241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a metabolic disease which is caused by vasoconstriction and that results into elevated blood pressure. A chronic hypertensive condition affects and even damages to various systems in the body. Presence of renal cortexin (r-cortexin), an antihypertensive protein, which is released from the kidney cortex controls the blood pressure. The effect of r-cortexin was mediated through nitric oxide (NO), a universal vasodilating agent. AIM In our study, acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), a well-known activator of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) induced r-cortexin synthesis. METHODS The hypertensive rat model was prepared by injecting deoxy corticosterone acetate (DOCA). Synthesis of r-cortexin was measured by the anti-r-cortexin antibody which was raised in adult white Wister albino rat model. NO level was determined by using methemoglobin method and later confirmed by chemiluminescence method. Change in blood pressure was determined indirectly by using NIBP monitoring system. RESULTS Aspirin increased the r-cortexin expression from 64.36 ± 12.6 nM to 216.7 ± 21.31 nM in DOCA induced hypertensive rats. The mechanism was proved with the findings of increased level of NO from 0.4 to 1.9 µM. The DOCA induced blood pressure was also decreased from 139.39 ± 7.36 mm of Hg to 116.57 ± 6.89 mm of Hg in case of systolic blood pressure and in case of diastolic pressure from 110.41 ± 7 mm of Hg to 86.4 ± 2.76 mm of Hg that are quite approximate. CONCLUSION So, from this study it has been found that aspirin induces the r-cortexin synthesis in kidney cortex through the activation of eNOS in DOCA induced hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Maji
- Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, 700020, India
- Department of Pharmacology, UCM, IPGME&R, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Pradipta Jana
- Sinha Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Kolkata, 700084, India
| | | | - Sanmay Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Arup Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tamal Kanti Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, 700020, India.
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Goverment of West Bengal, Kolkata, India.
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The relationship between acquired premature ejaculation and metabolic syndrome: a prospective, comparative study. Int J Impot Res 2017; 29:105-109. [PMID: 28179637 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and acquired premature ejaculation (PE). A total of 100 patients with acquired PE and 100 control cases were enrolled in the study. After obtaining a detailed medical history, anthropometric (weight, height and waist circumference) and blood pressure measurements were performed. Ejaculation and erection functions were evaluated by Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), respectively. Self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) of the participants was recorded. Fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical and hormonal work-up. The median PEDT scores were 16 (9-22) and 4.5 (2-8) in acquired PE and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). The mean estimated IELT values in PE patients and controls were 36.1±46.5 versus 488.2±313.8 s (P<0.001). MetS was diagnosed in 51 patients (51%) in the PE group and 24 (24%) participants in the control group (P<0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between the components of MetS and estimated IELT, except for diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the all components of MetS and total PEDT score, except for fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, except blood pressure and HDL levels, MetS components were significant risk factors for PE after adjusting for age and total testosterone. In conclusion, MetS is associated with acquired PE.
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Letra L, Sena C. Cerebrovascular Disease: Consequences of Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 19:163-189. [PMID: 28933065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known global impact of overweight and obesity in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, many aspects of this association are still inconsistently defined. In this chapter we aim to present a critical review on the links between obesity and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and discuss its influence on functional outcomes, survival, and current treatments to acute and chronic stroke. The role of cerebrovascular endothelial function and respective modulation is also described as well as its laboratory and clinical assessment. In this context, the major contributing mechanisms underlying obesity-induced cerebral endothelial function (adipokine secretion, insulin resistance, inflammation, and hypertension) are discussed. A special emphasis is given to the participation of adipokines in the pathophysiology of stroke, namely adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, and visfatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Lemche E, Chaban OS, Lemche AV. Neuroendocrinological and Epigenetic Mechanisms Subserving Autonomic Imbalance and HPA Dysfunction in the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:142. [PMID: 27147943 PMCID: PMC4830841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of environmental stress upon pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been substantiated by epidemiological, psychophysiological, and endocrinological studies. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of causative roles of nutritional factors, sympathomedullo-adrenal (SMA) and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axes, and adipose tissue chronic low-grade inflammation processes in MetS. Disturbances in the neuroendocrine systems for leptin, melanocortin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein systems have been found resulting directly in MetS-like conditions. The review identifies candidate risk genes from factors shown critical for the functioning of each of these neuroendocrine signaling cascades. In its meta-analytic part, recent studies in epigenetic modification (histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination) and posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs are evaluated. Several studies suggest modification mechanisms of early life stress (ELS) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) programming in the hypothalamic regions with populations of POMC-expressing neurons. Epigenetic modifications were found in cortisol (here HSD11B1 expression), melanocortin, leptin, NPY, and adiponectin genes. With respect to adiposity genes, epigenetic modifications were documented for fat mass gene cluster APOA1/C3/A4/A5, and the lipolysis gene LIPE. With regard to inflammatory, immune and subcellular metabolism, PPARG, NKBF1, TNFA, TCF7C2, and those genes expressing cytochrome P450 family enzymes involved in steroidogenesis and in hepatic lipoproteins were documented for epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Oleg S Chaban
- Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexandra V Lemche
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Clinical Research Berlin, Germany
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Del Rio R, Quintanilla RA, Orellana JA, Retamal MA. Neuron-Glia Crosstalk in the Autonomic Nervous System and Its Possible Role in the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome: A New Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:350. [PMID: 26648871 PMCID: PMC4664731 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by the following physiological alterations: increase in abdominal fat, insulin resistance, high concentration of triglycerides, low levels of HDL, high blood pressure, and a generalized inflammatory state. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of this syndrome is the presence of neurohumoral activation, which involve autonomic imbalance associated to hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. Indeed, enhanced sympathetic drive has been linked to the development of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarct, and obstructive sleep apnea. Glial cells, the most abundant cells in the central nervous system, control synaptic transmission, and regulate neuronal function by releasing bioactive molecules called gliotransmitters. Recently, a new family of plasma membrane channels called hemichannels has been described to allow the release of gliotransmitters and modulate neuronal firing rate. Moreover, a growing amount of evidence indicates that uncontrolled hemichannel opening could impair glial cell functions, affecting synaptic transmission and neuronal survival. Given that glial cell functions are disturbed in various metabolic diseases, we hypothesize that progression of MS may relies on hemichannel-dependent impairment of glial-to-neuron communication by a mechanism related to dysfunction of inflammatory response and mitochondrial metabolism of glial cells. In this manuscript, we discuss how glial cells may contribute to the enhanced sympathetic drive observed in MS, and shed light about the possible role of hemichannels in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Del Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Científica del Sur Lima, Perú
| | | | - Juan A Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina. Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
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