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Gamarra Reinoso L, Majláth I, Dernovics M, Fábián A, Jose J, Jampoh EA, Hamow KÁ, Soós V, Sági L, Éva C. Root-based inorganic carbon uptake increases the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transporter expression and nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1448432. [PMID: 39309181 PMCID: PMC11412874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1448432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Root-based uptake of inorganic carbon has been suggested as an additional carbon source. Our study aimed to characterize and understand the root-based uptake and fixation mechanisms and their impact on plant growth. 13C-labeled bicarbonate fed to Arabidopsis roots was assimilated into aspartic acid but mainly into sucrose, indicating that the added inorganic carbon was transported to the leaves. A hydroponic treatment was also established for A. thaliana using 2 mM NaHCO3 at pH 5.6, which enhanced the photosynthetic and growth parameters. According to transcriptome sequencing data, the observed enhancement in growth may be orchestrated by trehalose-6-phosphate signaling and supported by augmented nitrogen and sulfur assimilation. The analysis also revealed regulatory and transporter activities, including several nitrate (NRT2.1), and sulfate transporter (SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2) candidates that could participate in bicarbonate uptake. Different transporters and carbon fixation mutants were assessed. Arabidopsis homologs of SLOW-TYPE ANION CHANNEL 1 (slah3) CARBONIC ANHYDRASE (βca4), and SULFATE TRANSPORTER (sultr1;2) mutants were shown to be inferior to the bicarbonate-treated wild types in several growth and root ultrastructural parameters. Besides, aquaporin genes PIP1;3 and PIP2;6 could play a negative role in the carbon uptake by venting carbon dioxide out of the plant. The findings support the hypothesis that the inorganic carbon is taken up by the root anion channels, mostly transported up to the shoots by the xylem, and fixed there by RuBisCo after the conversion to CO2 by carbonic anhydrases. The process boosts photosynthesis and growth by providing an extra carbon supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel Gamarra Reinoso
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- PhD School of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Majláth
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Attila Fábián
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Jeny Jose
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Emmanuel Asante Jampoh
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Horticultural Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Soós
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Csaba Éva
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Jiménez-Estévez E, Martínez-Martínez A, Amo J, Yáñez A, Miñarro P, Martínez V, Nieves-Cordones M, Rubio F. Increased tolerance to low K +, and to cationic stress of Arabidopsis plants by expressing the F130S mutant version of the K + transporter AtHAK5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108768. [PMID: 38797008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) selectivity of high-affinity K+ uptake systems is crucial for plant growth under low K+ and in the presence of inhibitors of K+ uptake that are toxic to plants such as Na+ or Cs+. Here, we express a mutated version of the Arabidopsis AtHAK5 high-affinity K+ transporter consisting on a change of phenylalanine 130 to serine (F130S) in athak5 akt1 double mutant plants. F130S-expressing plants show better growth, increased K+ uptake from low external concentrations and higher K+ contents when grown at low K+ (10 μM) and when grown at low K+ in the presence of Na+ (15 mM) or Cs+ (1 μM). In addition, these plants accumulate less Na+ and Cs+, resulting in lower Na+/K+ and Cs+/K+ ratios, which are important determinants of plant tolerance to salt stress and to Cs+-polluted soils. Structure analysis of AtHAK5 suggest that the F130 residue approaches the intracellular gate of the K+ tunnel of AtHAK5, affecting somehow its ionic selectivity. Modification of transport systems has a large potential to face challenges of future agriculture such as sustainable production under abiotic stress conditions imposed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Jiménez-Estévez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Yáñez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Miñarro
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Zhang S, Xu L, Zheng Q, Hu J, Jiang D, Dai T, Tian Z. The tetraploid wheat (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.) improves nitrogen uptake and assimilation adaptation to nitrogen-deficit stress. PLANTA 2024; 259:151. [PMID: 38733553 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The genetic diversity in tetraploid wheat provides a genetic pool for improving wheat productivity and environmental resilience. The tetraploid wheat had strong N uptake, translocation, and assimilation capacity under N deficit stress, thus alleviating growth inhibition and plant N loss to maintain healthy development and adapt to environments with low N inputs. Tetraploid wheat with a rich genetic variability provides an indispensable genetic pool for improving wheat yield. Mining the physiological mechanisms of tetraploid wheat in response to nitrogen (N) deficit stress is important for low-N-tolerant wheat breeding. In this study, we selected emmer wheat (Kronos, tetraploid), Yangmai 25 (YM25, hexaploid), and Chinese spring (CS, hexaploid) as materials. We investigated the differences in the response of root morphology, leaf and root N accumulation, N uptake, translocation, and assimilation-related enzymes and gene expression in wheat seedlings of different ploidy under N deficit stress through hydroponic experiments. The tetraploid wheat (Kronos) had stronger adaptability to N deficit stress than the hexaploid wheats (YM25, CS). Kronos had better root growth under low N stress, expanding the N uptake area and enhancing N uptake to maintain higher NO3- and soluble protein contents. Kronos exhibited high TaNRT1.1, TaNRT2.1, and TaNRT2.2 expression in roots, which promoted NO3- uptake, and high TaNRT1.5 and TaNRT1.8 expression in roots and leaves enhanced NO3- translocation to the aboveground. NR and GS activity in roots and leaves of Kronos was higher by increasing the expression of TANIA2, TAGS1, and TAGS2, which enhanced the reduction and assimilation of NO3- as well as the re-assimilation of photorespiratory-released NH4+. Overall, Kronos had strong N uptake, translocation, and assimilation capacity under N deficit stress, alleviating growth inhibition and plant N loss and thus maintaining a healthy development. This study reveals the physiological mechanisms of tetraploid wheat that improve nitrogen uptake and assimilation adaptation under low N stress, which will provide indispensable germplasm resources for elite low-N-tolerant wheat improvement and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaomei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Nedelyaeva OI, Khramov DE, Khalilova LA, Konoshenkova AO, Ryabova AV, Popova LG, Volkov VS, Balnokin YV. Molecular Cloning, Expression and Transport Activity of SaNPF6.3/SaNRT1.1, a Novel Protein of the Low-Affinity Nitrate Transporter Family from the Euhalophyte Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:845. [PMID: 37888016 PMCID: PMC10608580 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The SaNPF6.3 gene, a putative ortholog of the dual-affinity nitrate (NO3-) transporter gene AtNPF6.3/AtNRT1.1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, was cloned from the euhalophyte Suaeda altissima. The nitrate transporting activity of SaNPF6.3 was studied by heterologous expression of the gene in the yeast Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha mutant strain Δynt1 lacking the original nitrate transporter. Expression of SaNPF6.3 in Δynt1 cells rescued their ability to grow on the selective medium in the presence of nitrate and absorb nitrate from this medium. Confocal laser microscopy of the yeast cells expressing the fused protein GFP-SaNPF6.3 revealed GFP (green fluorescent protein) fluorescence localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and/or vacuoles. Apparently, in the heterologous expression system used, only a relatively small fraction of the GFP-SaNPF6.3 reached the plasma membrane of yeast cells. In S. altissima plants grown in media with either low (0.5 mM) or high (15 mM) NO3-; concentrations, SaNPF6.3 was expressed at various ontogenetic stages in different organs, with the highest expression levels in roots, pointing to an important role of SaNPF6.3 in nitrate uptake. SaNPF6.3 expression was induced in roots of nitrate-deprived plants in response to raising the nitrate concentration in the medium and was suppressed when the plants were transferred from sufficient nitrate to the lower concentration. When NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was elevated, the SaNPF6.3 transcript abundance in the roots increased at the low nitrate concentration and decreased at the high one. We also determined nitrate and chloride concentrations in the xylem sap excreted by detached S. altissima roots as a function of their concentrations in the root medium. Based on a linear increase in Cl- concentrations in the xylem exudate as the external Cl- concentration increased and the results of SaNPF6.3 expression experiments, we hypothesize that SaNPF6.3 is involved in chloride transport along with nitrate transport in S. altissima plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Nedelyaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Dmitrii E. Khramov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Lyudmila A. Khalilova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Alena O. Konoshenkova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Anastasia V. Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Larissa G. Popova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Vadim S. Volkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
| | - Yurii V. Balnokin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (D.E.K.); (L.A.K.); (A.O.K.); (L.G.P.); (Y.V.B.)
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Ahmad N, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Hussain I, Yang X. Insights on Phytohormonal Crosstalk in Plant Response to Nitrogen Stress: A Focus on Plant Root Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043631. [PMID: 36835044 PMCID: PMC9958644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a vital mineral component that can restrict the growth and development of plants if supplied inappropriately. In order to benefit their growth and development, plants have complex physiological and structural responses to changes in their nitrogen supply. As higher plants have multiple organs with varying functions and nutritional requirements, they coordinate their responses at the whole-plant level based on local and long-distance signaling pathways. It has been suggested that phytohormones are signaling substances in such pathways. The nitrogen signaling pathway is closely associated with phytohormones such as auxin (AUX), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CKs), ethylene (ETH), brassinosteroid (BR), strigolactones (SLs), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA). Recent research has shed light on how nitrogen and phytohormones interact to modulate physiology and morphology. This review provides a summary of the research on how phytohormone signaling affects root system architecture (RSA) in response to nitrogen availability. Overall, this review contributes to identifying recent developments in the interaction between phytohormones and N, as well as serving as a foundation for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhengjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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Bvindi C, Tang L, Lee S, Patrick RM, Yee ZR, Mengiste T, Li Y. Histone methyltransferases SDG33 and SDG34 regulate organ-specific nitrogen responses in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005077. [PMID: 36311072 PMCID: PMC9606235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications shape the chromatin landscape of the plant genome and affect gene expression in response to developmental and environmental cues. To date, the role of histone modifications in regulating plant responses to environmental nutrient availability, especially in agriculturally important species, remains largely unknown. We describe the functions of two histone lysine methyltransferases, SET Domain Group 33 (SDG33) and SDG34, in mediating nitrogen (N) responses of shoots and roots in tomato. By comparing the transcriptomes of CRISPR edited tomato lines sdg33 and sdg34 with wild-type plants under N-supplied and N-starved conditions, we uncovered that SDG33 and SDG34 regulate overlapping yet distinct downstream gene targets. In response to N level changes, both SDG33 and SDG34 mediate gene regulation in an organ-specific manner: in roots, SDG33 and SDG34 regulate a gene network including Nitrate Transporter 1.1 (NRT1.1) and Small Auxin Up-regulated RNA (SAUR) genes. In agreement with this, mutations in sdg33 or sdg34 abolish the root growth response triggered by an N-supply; In shoots, SDG33 and SDG34 affect the expression of photosynthesis genes and photosynthetic parameters in response to N. Our analysis thus revealed that SDG33 and SDG34 regulate N-responsive gene expression and physiological changes in an organ-specific manner, thus presenting previously unknown candidate genes as targets for selection and engineering to improve N uptake and usage in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Bvindi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Liang Tang
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ryan M. Patrick
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zheng Rong Yee
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Chatterjee P, Schafran P, Li FW, Meeks JC. Nostoc Talks Back: Temporal Patterns of Differential Gene Expression During Establishment of Anthoceros-Nostoc Symbiosis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:917-932. [PMID: 35802132 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-22-0101-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic associations between hornworts and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria form when the plant is limited for combined nitrogen (N). We generated RNA-seq data to examine temporal gene expression patterns during the culturing of N-starved Anthoceros punctatus in the absence and the presence of symbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. In symbiont-free A. punctatus gametophytes, N starvation caused downregulation of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics as well as transcription of photosynthesis-related genes. This downregulation was reversed in A. punctatus cocultured with N. punctiforme, corresponding to the provision by the symbiont of N2-derived NH4+, which commenced within 5 days of coculture and reached a maximum by 14 days. We also observed transient increases in transcription of ammonium and nitrate transporters in a N. punctiforme-dependent manner as well as that of a SWEET transporter that was initially independent of N2-derived NH4+. The temporal patterns of differential gene expression indicated that N. punctiforme transmits signals that impact gene expression to A. punctatus both prior to and after its provision of fixed N. This study is the first illustrating the temporal patterns of gene expression during establishment of an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association in this monophyletic evolutionary lineage of land plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Peter Schafran
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14953, U.S.A
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14953, U.S.A
| | - John C Meeks
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
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Root nitrate uptake in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is modulated by transcriptional and presumably posttranscriptional regulation of the NRT2.1/NRT3.1 transport system. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1403-1421. [PMID: 35879567 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Nitrate uptake in sugarcane roots is regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels based on the physiological status of the plant and is likely a determinant mechanism for discrimination against nitrate. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most suitable energy crops for biofuel feedstock, but the reduced recovery of nitrogen (N) fertilizer by sugarcane roots increases the crop carbon footprint. The low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sugarcane has been associated with the significantly low nitrate uptake, which limits the utilization of the large amount of nitrate available in agricultural soils. To understand the regulation of nitrate uptake in sugarcane roots, we identified the major canonical nitrate transporter genes (NRTs-NITRATE TRANSPORTERS) and then determined their expression profiles in roots under contrasting N conditions. Correlation of gene expression with 15N-nitrate uptake revealed that under N deprivation or inorganic N (ammonium or nitrate) supply in N-sufficient roots, the regulation of ScNRT2.1 and ScNRT3.1 expression is the predominant mechanism for the modulation of the activity of the nitrate high-affinity transport system. Conversely, in N-deficient roots, the induction of ScNRT2.1 and ScNRT3.1 transcription is not correlated with the marked repression of nitrate uptake in response to nitrate resupply or high N provision, which suggested the existence of a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. Our findings suggested that high-affinity nitrate uptake is regulated at the transcriptional and presumably at the posttranscriptional levels based on the physiological N status and that the regulation of NRT2.1 and NRT3.1 activity is likely a determinant mechanism for the discrimination against nitrate uptake observed in sugarcane roots, which contributes to the low NUE in this crop species.
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Xue X, Wang J, Shukla D, Cheung LS, Chen LQ. When SWEETs Turn Tweens: Updates and Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:379-403. [PMID: 34910586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070621-093907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugar translocation between cells and between subcellular compartments in plants requires either plasmodesmata or a diverse array of sugar transporters. Interactions between plants and associated microorganisms also depend on sugar transporters. The sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is made up of conserved and essential transporters involved in many critical biological processes. The functional significance and small size of these proteins have motivated crystallographers to successfully capture several structures of SWEETs and their bacterial homologs in different conformations. These studies together with molecular dynamics simulations have provided unprecedented insights into sugar transport mechanisms in general and into substrate recognition of glucose and sucrose in particular. This review summarizes our current understanding of the SWEET family, from the atomic to the whole-plant level. We cover methods used for their characterization, theories about their evolutionary origins, biochemical properties, physiological functions, and regulation. We also include perspectives on the future work needed to translate basic research into higher crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Xue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lily S Cheung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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Yeast Trk1 Potassium Transporter Gradually Changes Its Affinity in Response to Both External and Internal Signals. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050432. [PMID: 35628688 PMCID: PMC9144525 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts need a high intracellular concentration of potassium to grow. The main K+ uptake system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the Trk1 transporter, a complex protein with four MPM helical membrane motifs. Trk1 has been shown to exist in low- or high-affinity modes, which reflect the availability of potassium in the environment. However, when and how the affinity changes, and whether the potassium availability is the only signal for the affinity switch, remains unknown. Here, we characterize the Trk1 kinetic parameters under various conditions and find that Trk1’s KT and Vmax change gradually. This gliding adjustment is rapid and precisely reflects the changes in the intracellular potassium content and membrane potential. A detailed characterization of the specific mutations in the P-helices of the MPM segments reveals that the presence of proline in the P-helix of the second and third MPM domain (F820P and L949P) does not affect the function of Trk1 in general, but rather specifically prevents the transporter’s transition to a high-affinity state. The analogous mutations in the two remaining MPM domains (L81P and L1115P) result in a mislocalized and inactive protein, highlighting the importance of the first and fourth P-helices in proper Trk1 folding and activity at the plasma membrane.
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11
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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12
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Nitrogen Absorption Pattern Detection and Expression Analysis of Nitrate Transporters in Flowering Chinese Cabbage. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate transporters (NRTs) play an important role in nitrate absorption and internal distribution in plant roots and other parts. Experiments were carried out to explore the sequences and expression characteristics of NRT genes, and their correlation with the N uptake in flowering Chinese cabbage. We have isolated three important BcNRTs (BcNRT1.1, BcNRT1.2, and BcNRT2.1) from flowering Chinese cabbage. Spatio-temporal expression analysis found that BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT2.1 were mainly expressed in roots, while BcNRT1.2 was more expressed in roots than in leaves during vegetative growth and was mainly expressed in leaves during reproductive growth. The NO3− uptake rate of the entire growth period was significantly correlated with BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT1.2 expression in roots. In addition, the total N content was increased with the increase in NO3− concentration in flowering Chinese cabbage. The NH4+ uptake was slightly induced by NH4+, but the total N content had no significant difference under the NH4+ concentration of 1–8 mmol/L. We also found that lower concentrations of NH4+ promoted the expression of BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT1.2 while inhibiting the expression of BcNRT2.1 in the roots of flowering Chinese cabbage. The amount of total N uptake in the treatment with 25/75 of NH4+/NO3− was significantly higher than that of the other two treatments (0/100 and 50/50). In the mixture of NH4+ and NO3−, total N uptake was significantly correlated with the BcNRT1.2 expression. We concluded that mixed nutrition with an NH4+/NO3− of 25/75 could significantly increase total nitrogen uptake in flowering Chinese cabbage, in which two members of the NRT1 subfamily (BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT1.2) might play a major regulatory role in it. This study is a beneficial attempt to dig deeper into the NRT genes resources and lays the foundation for the ultimate use of genetic improvement methods to increase the NUE with less nitrogen fertilizer in flowering Chinese cabbage.
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13
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Roy S, Griffiths M, Torres-Jerez I, Sanchez B, Antonelli E, Jain D, Krom N, Zhang S, York LM, Scheible WR, Udvardi M. Application of Synthetic Peptide CEP1 Increases Nutrient Uptake Rates Along Plant Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:793145. [PMID: 35046980 PMCID: PMC8763272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The root system of a plant provides vital functions including resource uptake, storage, and anchorage in soil. The uptake of macro-nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulphur (S) from the soil is critical for plant growth and development. Small signaling peptide (SSP) hormones are best known as potent regulators of plant growth and development with a few also known to have specialized roles in macronutrient utilization. Here we describe a high throughput phenotyping platform for testing SSP effects on root uptake of multiple nutrients. The SSP, CEP1 (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) enhanced nitrate uptake rate per unit root length in Medicago truncatula plants deprived of N in the high-affinity transport range. Single structural variants of M. truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana specific CEP1 peptides, MtCEP1D1:hyp4,11 and AtCEP1:hyp4,11, enhanced uptake not only of nitrate, but also phosphate and sulfate in both model plant species. Transcriptome analysis of Medicago roots treated with different MtCEP1 encoded peptide domains revealed that hundreds of genes respond to these peptides, including several nitrate transporters and a sulfate transporter that may mediate the uptake of these macronutrients downstream of CEP1 signaling. Likewise, several putative signaling pathway genes including LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECPTOR-LIKE KINASES and Myb domain containing transcription factors, were induced in roots by CEP1 treatment. Thus, a scalable method has been developed for screening synthetic peptides of potential use in agriculture, with CEP1 shown to be one such peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Bailey Sanchez
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | | | - Divya Jain
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicholas Krom
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Larry M. York
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
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14
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Patra N, Hariharan S, Gain H, Maiti MK, Das A, Banerjee J. TypiCal but DeliCate Ca ++re: Dissecting the Essence of Calcium Signaling Network as a Robust Response Coordinator of Versatile Abiotic and Biotic Stimuli in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752246. [PMID: 34899779 PMCID: PMC8655846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and ultimately crop productivity are largely impacted by the interaction of plants with different abiotic and biotic factors throughout their life cycle. Perception of different abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, drought, heat, and heavy metals, and interaction with beneficial and harmful biotic agents by plants lead to transient, sustained, or oscillatory changes of [calcium ion, Ca2+]cyt within the cell. Significant progress has been made in the decoding of Ca2+ signatures into downstream responses to modulate differential developmental and physiological responses in the whole plant. Ca2+ sensor proteins, mainly calmodulins (CaMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), and others, such as Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), and calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) have played critical roles in coupling the specific stress stimulus with an appropriate response. This review summarizes the current understanding of the Ca2+ influx and efflux system in plant cells and various Ca2+ binding protein-mediated signal transduction pathways that are delicately orchestrated to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses. The probable interactions of different components of Ca2+ sensor relays and Ca2+ sensor responders in response to various external stimuli have been described diagrammatically focusing on established pathways and latest developments. Present comprehensive insight into key components of the Ca2+ signaling toolkit in plants can provide an innovative framework for biotechnological manipulations toward crop improvability in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Shruthi Hariharan
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Hena Gain
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Joydeep Banerjee
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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15
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Xiao Q, Chen Y, Liu C, Robson F, Roy S, Cheng X, Wen J, Mysore K, Miller AJ, Murray JD. MtNPF6.5 mediates chloride uptake and nitrate preference in Medicago roots. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106847. [PMID: 34523752 PMCID: PMC8561640 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The preference for nitrate over chloride through regulation of transporters is a fundamental feature of plant ion homeostasis. We show that Medicago truncatula MtNPF6.5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1, can mediate nitrate and chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes but is chloride selective and that its close homologue, MtNPF6.7, can transport nitrate and chloride but is nitrate selective. The MtNPF6.5 mutant showed greatly reduced chloride content relative to wild type, and MtNPF6.5 expression was repressed by high chloride, indicating a primary role for MtNPF6.5 in root chloride uptake. MtNPF6.5 and MtNPF6.7 were repressed and induced by nitrate, respectively, and these responses required the transcription factor MtNLP1. Moreover, loss of MtNLP1 prevented the rapid switch from chloride to nitrate as the main anion in nitrate-starved plants after nitrate provision, providing insight into the underlying mechanism for nitrate preference. Sequence analysis revealed three sub-types of AtNPF6.3 orthologs based on their predicted substrate-binding residues: A (chloride selective), B (nitrate selective), and C (legume specific). The absence of B-type AtNPF6.3 homologues in early diverged plant lineages suggests that they evolved from a chloride-selective MtNPF6.5-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Xiao
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS)Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Chen
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Cheng‐Wu Liu
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Fran Robson
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Sonali Roy
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy D Murray
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS)Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
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16
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Nogia P, Pati PK. Plant Secondary Metabolite Transporters: Diversity, Functionality, and Their Modulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758202. [PMID: 34777438 PMCID: PMC8580416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in the vital functioning of plants such as growth, development, defense, and survival via their transportation and accumulation at the required site. However, unlike primary metabolites, the transport mechanisms of SMs are not yet well explored. There exists a huge gap between the abundant presence of SM transporters, their identification, and functional characterization. A better understanding of plant SM transporters will surely be a step forward to fulfill the steeply increasing demand for bioactive compounds for the formulation of herbal medicines. Thus, the engineering of transporters by modulating their expression is emerging as the most viable option to achieve the long-term goal of systemic metabolic engineering for enhanced metabolite production at minimum cost. In this review article, we are updating the understanding of recent advancements in the field of plant SM transporters, particularly those discovered in the past two decades. Herein, we provide notable insights about various types of fully or partially characterized transporters from the ABC, MATE, PUP, and NPF families including their diverse functionalities, structural information, potential approaches for their identification and characterization, several regulatory parameters, and their modulation. A novel perspective to the concept of "Transporter Engineering" has also been unveiled by highlighting its potential applications particularly in plant stress (biotic and abiotic) tolerance, SM accumulation, and removal of anti-nutritional compounds, which will be of great value for the crop improvement program. The present study creates a roadmap for easy identification and a better understanding of various transporters, which can be utilized as suitable targets for transporter engineering in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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17
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Fang XZ, Fang SQ, Ye ZQ, Liu D, Zhao KL, Jin CW. NRT1.1 Dual-Affinity Nitrate Transport/Signalling and its Roles in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715694. [PMID: 34497626 PMCID: PMC8420879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NRT1.1 is the first nitrate transport protein cloned in plants and has both high- and low-affinity functions. It imports and senses nitrate, which is modulated by the phosphorylation on Thr101 (T101). Structural studies have revealed that the phosphorylation of T101 either induces dimer decoupling or increases structural flexibility within the membrane, thereby switching the NRT1.1 protein from a low- to high-affinity state. Further studies on the adaptive regulation of NRT1.1 in fluctuating nitrate conditions have shown that, at low nitrate concentrations, nitrate binding only at the high-affinity monomer initiates NRT1.1 dimer decoupling and priming of the T101 site for phosphorylation activated by CIPK23, which functions as a high-affinity nitrate transceptor. However, nitrate binding in both monomers retains the unmodified NRT1.1, maintaining the low-affinity mode. This NRT1.1-mediated nitrate signalling and transport may provide a key to improving the efficiency of plant nitrogen use. However, recent studies have revealed that NRT1.1 is extensively involved in plant tolerance of several adverse environmental conditions. In this context, we summarise the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of NRT1.1 dual-affinity nitrate transport/signalling and focus on its expected and unexpected roles in plant abiotic stress resistance and their regulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Qin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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19
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The Expression Characteristics of NPF Genes and Their Response to Vernalization and Nitrogen Deficiency in Rapeseed. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094944. [PMID: 34066572 PMCID: PMC8125141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY (NPF) genes, initially characterized as nitrate or peptide transporters in plants, are involved in the transport of a large variety of substrates, including amino acids, nitrate, auxin (IAA), jasmonates (JAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) and glucosinolates. A total of 169 potential functional NPF genes were excavated in Brassica napus, and they showed diversified expression patterns in 90 different organs or tissues based on transcriptome profile data. The complex time-serial expression changes were found for most functional NPF genes in the development process of leaves, silique walls and seeds, which indicated that the expression of Brassica napus NPF (BnaNPF) genes may respond to altered phytohormone and secondary metabolite content through combining with promoter element enrichment analysis. Furthermore, many BnaNPF genes were detected to respond to vernalization with two different patterns, and 20 BnaNPF genes responded to nitrate deficiency. These results will provide useful information for further investigation of the biological function of BnaNPF genes for growth and development in rapeseed.
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20
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Guan M, Chen M, Cao Z. NRT2.1, a major contributor to cadmium uptake controlled by high-affinity nitrate transporters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112269. [PMID: 33932653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Management of nitrogen fertilizer is a good strategy for controlling cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants. Some progress has already been made but much remains to be done. Here, we show that mutants with loss of function of nitrate transporter1.1 (NRT1.1) or nitrate transporter2.1 (NRT2.1) had lower Cd concentrations than wild-type plants under low-nitrate conditions. However, this was eliminated when plants were cultivated in nitrate-free medium or supplied with Cd and nitrate alternately. These findings indicate that inhibition of NRT1.1 or NRT2.1 activity reduces Cd accumulation in plants, and depends on the presence of nitrate. The results showing that nrt2.1-2 mutants had the lowest Cd concentrations compared with Col-0, nrt1.1 and nrt2.4 plants, proves that NRT2.1 is the major contributor to Cd uptake controlled by nitrate high-affinity transporters. NRT2.1 acts as the major contributor to nitrate uptake under Cd stress in low-nitrate conditions, and contributes about 50% to nitrate uptake, while NRT1.1 contributes only 10%, and little is known regarding the role of NRT2.2 and NRT2.4 on nitrate uptake in medium with 200 μM nitrate. Positive correlations between nitrate uptake and Cd concentration in plants were also observed. Collectively, NRT2.1 acts as the major contributor to Cd uptake by controlling nitrate uptake in nitrate high-affinity systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiYan Guan
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - MingXue Chen
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - ZhenZhen Cao
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Bai L, Sun M, Wang J, Li S, Miao L, Yan Y, He C, Yu X, Li Y. Adaptation of cucumber seedlings to low temperature stress by reducing nitrate to ammonium during it's transportation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 33874888 PMCID: PMC8056598 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature severely depresses the uptake, translocation from the root to the shoot, and metabolism of nitrate and ammonium in thermophilic plants such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plant growth is inhibited accordingly. However, the availability of information on the effects of low temperature on nitrogen transport remains limited. RESULTS Using non-invasive micro-test technology, the net nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) fluxes in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of the primary root, stem, petiole, midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip of cucumber seedlings under normal temperature (NT; 26 °C) and low temperature (LT; 8 °C) treatment were analyzed. Under LT treatment, the net NO3- flux rate in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of cucumber seedlings decreased, whereas the net NH4+ flux rate in vascular bundles of the midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip increased. Accordingly, the relative expression of CsNRT1.4a in the petiole and midrib was down-regulated, whereas the expression of CsAMT1.2a-1.2c in the midrib was up-regulated. The results of 15N isotope tracing showed that NO3--N and NH4+-N uptake of the seedlings under LT treatment decreased significantly compared with that under NT treatment, and the concentration and proportion of both NO3--N and NH4+-N distributed in the shoot decreased. Under LT treatment, the actual nitrate reductase activity (NRAact) in the root did not change significantly, whereas NRAact in the stem and petiole increased by 113.2 and 96.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The higher net NH4+ flux rate in leaves and young tissues may reflect the higher NRAact in the stem and petiole, which may result in a higher proportion of NO3- being reduced to NH4+ during the upward transportation of NO3-. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanism of changes in nitrate transportation in plants in response to low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000 Shandong China
| | - Longqiang Bai
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Mintao Sun
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Li Miao
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chaoxing He
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xianchang Yu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yansu Li
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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22
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Sakuraba Y, Chaganzhana, Mabuchi A, Iba K, Yanagisawa S. Enhanced NRT1.1/NPF6.3 expression in shoots improves growth under nitrogen deficiency stress in Arabidopsis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:256. [PMID: 33637855 PMCID: PMC7910545 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes and their alleles capable of improving plant growth under low nitrogen (N) conditions is key for developing sustainable agriculture. Here, we show that a genome-wide association study using Arabidopsis thaliana accessions suggested an association between different magnitudes of N deficiency responses and diversity in NRT1.1/NPF6.3 that encodes a dual-affinity nitrate transporter involved in nitrate uptake by roots. Various analyses using accessions exhibiting reduced N deficiency responses revealed that enhanced NRT1.1 expression in shoots rather than in roots is responsible for better growth of Arabidopsis seedlings under N deficient conditions. Furthermore, polymorphisms that increased NRT1.1 promoter activity were identified in the NRT1.1 promoter sequences of the accessions analyzed. Hence, our data indicated that polymorphism-dependent activation of the NRT1.1 promoter in shoots could serve as a tool in molecular breeding programs for improving plant growth in low N environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Sakuraba
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPlant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Chaganzhana
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPlant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Mabuchi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XPlant Functional Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
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23
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Ötvös K, Marconi M, Vega A, O’Brien J, Johnson A, Abualia R, Antonielli L, Montesinos JC, Zhang Y, Tan S, Cuesta C, Artner C, Bouguyon E, Gojon A, Friml J, Gutiérrez RA, Wabnik K, Benková E. Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106862. [PMID: 33399250 PMCID: PMC7849315 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of the essential macronutrient nitrogen in soil plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and impacts agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved different strategies for sensing and responding to heterogeneous nitrogen distribution. Modulation of root system architecture, including primary root growth and branching, is among the most essential plant adaptions to ensure adequate nitrogen acquisition. However, the immediate molecular pathways coordinating the adjustment of root growth in response to distinct nitrogen sources, such as nitrate or ammonium, are poorly understood. Here, we show that growth as manifested by cell division and elongation is synchronized by coordinated auxin flux between two adjacent outer tissue layers of the root. This coordination is achieved by nitrate-dependent dephosphorylation of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier at a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site, leading to subsequent PIN2 lateralization and thereby regulating auxin flow between adjacent tissues. A dynamic computer model based on our experimental data successfully recapitulates experimental observations. Our study provides mechanistic insights broadening our understanding of root growth mechanisms in dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Bioresources UnitCenter for Health & BioresourcesAIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHTullnAustria
| | - Marco Marconi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Andrea Vega
- Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jose O’Brien
- Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Rashed Abualia
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Livio Antonielli
- Bioresources UnitCenter for Health & BioresourcesAIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHTullnAustria
| | | | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Christina Artner
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | | | - Alain Gojon
- BPMPCNRSINRAEInstitut AgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Jirí Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | | | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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24
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Teale WD, Pasternak T, Dal Bosco C, Dovzhenko A, Kratzat K, Bildl W, Schwörer M, Falk T, Ruperti B, V Schaefer J, Shahriari M, Pilgermayer L, Li X, Lübben F, Plückthun A, Schulte U, Palme K. Flavonol-mediated stabilization of PIN efflux complexes regulates polar auxin transport. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104416. [PMID: 33185277 PMCID: PMC7780147 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of auxin controls the rate, direction and localization of plant growth and development. The course of auxin transport is defined by the polar subcellular localization of the PIN proteins, a family of auxin efflux transporters. However, little is known about the composition and regulation of the PIN protein complex. Here, using blue-native PAGE and quantitative mass spectrometry, we identify native PIN core transport units as homo- and heteromers assembled from PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 subunits only. Furthermore, we show that endogenous flavonols stabilize PIN dimers to regulate auxin efflux in the same way as does the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). This inhibitory mechanism is counteracted both by the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid and by phosphomimetic amino acids introduced into the PIN1 cytoplasmic domain. Our results lend mechanistic insights into an endogenous control mechanism which regulates PIN function and opens the way for a deeper understanding of the protein environment and regulation of the polar auxin transport complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Teale
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology IIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Manuel Schwörer
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Thorsten Falk
- Institute for Computer ScienceUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Benadetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAEUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- High‐Throughput Binder Selection FacilityDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Xugang Li
- Sino German Joint Research Center for Agricultural Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Florian Lübben
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- High‐Throughput Binder Selection FacilityDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology IIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Logopharm GmbHFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSFreiburgGermany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSFreiburgGermany
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25
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Lay-Pruitt KS, Takahashi H. Integrating N signals and root growth: the role of nitrate transceptor NRT1.1 in auxin-mediated lateral root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4365-4368. [PMID: 32710785 PMCID: PMC7382374 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Maghiaoui A, Bouguyon E, Cuesta C, Perrine-Walker F, Alcon C, Krouk G, Benková E, Nacry P, Gojon A and Bach L. 2020. The Arabidopsis NRT1.1 transceptor coordinately controls auxin biosynthesis and transport to regulate root branching in response to nitrate. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 4480–4494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina S Lay-Pruitt
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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26
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Pinto-Irish K, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Ibáñez C, Briones V, Vergara A, Alvarez R, Castro C, Sanhueza C, Castro PA, Bascuñán-Godoy L. Seed characterization and early nitrogen metabolism performance of seedlings from Altiplano and coastal ecotypes of Quinoa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:343. [PMID: 32693791 PMCID: PMC7372889 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early seed germination and a functional root system development during establishment are crucial attributes contributing to nutrient competence under marginal nutrient soil conditions. Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Chenopodiaceae) is a rustic crop, able to grow in marginal areas. Altiplano and Coastal/Lowlands are two representative zones of quinoa cultivation in South America with contrasting soil fertility and edaphoclimatic conditions. In the present work, we hypothesize that the ecotypes of Quinoa from Altiplano (landrace Socaire) and from Coastal/Lowland (landrace Faro) have developed differential adaptive responses in order to survive under conditions of low availability of N in their respective climatic zones of Altiplano and Lowlands. In order to understand intrinsic differences for N competence between landraces, seed metabolite profile and germinative capacity were studied. Additionally, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation at limiting N conditions during establishment, germinated seeds of both landraces were grown at either sufficient nitrate (HN) or low nitrate (LN) supply. We studied the photosynthetic performance, protein storage, root morphometrical parameters, activity and expression of N-assimilating enzymes, and the expression of nitrate transporters of roots in plants submitted to the different treatments. RESULTS Seeds from Socaire landrace presented higher content of free N-related metabolites and faster seed germination rate compared to Faro landrace. Seedlings of both ecotypes presented similar physiological performance at HN supply, but at LN supply their differences were exalted. At LN, Socaire plants showed an increased root biomass (including a higher number and total length of lateral roots), a differential regulation of a nitrate transporter (a NPF6.3-like homologue) belonging to the Low Affinity Transport System (LATS), and an upregulation of a nitrate transporter (a NRT2.1-like homologue) belonging to the High Affinity nitrate Transport System (HATS) compared to Faro. These responses as a whole could be linked to a higher amount of stored proteins in leaves, associated to an enhanced photochemical performance in Altiplano plants, in comparison to Lowland quinoa plants. CONCLUSIONS These differential characteristics of Socaire over Faro plants could involve an adaptation to enhanced nitrate uptake under the brutal unfavorable climate conditions of Altiplano.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, 1710088, La Serena, Chile
| | - Vilbett Briones
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Alexander Vergara
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), 1710088, La Serena, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena, 1710172, Chile
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), 1710088, La Serena, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
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27
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Yao Z, Wang Z, Fang B, Chen J, Zhang X, Luo Z, Huang L, Zou H, Yang Y. Involvement of nitrogen in storage root growth and related gene expression in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:376-385. [PMID: 31943638 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) could affect storage root growth and development of sweet potato. To manage external N concentration fluctuations, plants have developed a wide range of strategies, such as growth changes and gene expression. Five sweet potato cultivars were used to analyse the functions of N in regulating storage root growth. Growth responses and physiological indicators were measured to determine the physiological changes regulated by different N concentrations. Expression profiles of related genes were analysed via microarray hybridization data and qRT-PCR analysis to reveal the molecular mechanisms of storage root growth regulated by different N concentrations. The growth responses and physiological indicators of the five cultivars were changed by N concentration. The root fresh weight of two of the sweet potato cultivars, SS19 and GS87, was higher under low N concentrations compared with the other cultivars. SS19 and GS87 were found to be having greater tolerance to low N concentration. The expression of N metabolism and storage root growth related genes was regulated by N concentration in sweet potato. These results reveal that N significantly regulated storage root growth. SS19 and GS87 were more tolerant to low N concentration and produced greater storage root yield (at 30 days). Furthermore, several N response genes were involved in both N metabolism and storage root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Meng X, Yu X, Wu Y, Kim DH, Nan N, Cong W, Wang S, Liu B, Xu ZY. Chromatin Remodeling Protein ZmCHB101 Regulates Nitrate-Responsive Gene Expression in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 32117389 PMCID: PMC7031486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is the main source of nitrogen for plants and an essential component of fertilizers. Rapid transcriptional activation of genes encoding the high-affinity nitrate transport system (HATS) is an important strategy that plants use to cope with nitrogen deficiency. However, the specific transcriptional machineries involved in this process and the detailed transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the core HATS remain poorly understood. ZmCHB101 is the core subunit of the SWI/SNF-type ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in maize. RNA-interference transgenic plants (ZmCHB101-RNAi) display abaxially curling leaves and impaired tassel and cob development. Here, we demonstrate that ZmCHB101 plays a pivotal regulatory role in nitrate-responsive gene expression. ZmCHB101-RNAi lines showed accelerated root growth and increased biomass under low nitrate conditions. An RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ZmCHB101 regulates the expression of genes involved in nitrate transport, including ZmNRT2.1 and ZmNRT2.2. The NIN-like protein (NLP) of maize, ZmNLP3.1, recognized the consensus nitrate-responsive cis-elements (NREs) in the promoter regions of ZmNRT2.1 and ZmNRT2.2, and activated the transcription of these genes in response to nitrate. Intriguingly, well-positioned nucleosomes were detected at NREs in the ZmNRT2.1 and ZmNRT2.2 gene promoters, and nucleosome densities were lower in ZmCHB101-RNAi lines than in wild-type plants, both in the absence and presence of nitrate. The ZmCHB101 protein bound to NREs and was involved in the maintenance of nucleosome occupancies at these sites, which may impact the binding of ZmNLP3.1 to NREs in the absence of nitrate. However, in the presence of nitrate, the binding affinity of ZmCHB101 for NREs decreased dramatically, leading to reduced nucleosome density at NREs and consequently increased ZmNLP3.1 binding. Our results provide novel insights into the role of chromatin remodeling proteins in the regulation of nitrate-responsive gene expression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- School of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Nan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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29
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Ye JY, Tian WH, Jin CW. A reevaluation of the contribution of NRT1.1 to nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis under low-nitrate supply. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2051-2059. [PMID: 31172512 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NRT1.1 has been previously characterized as a dual-affinity nitrate transporter in Arabidopsis, though several lines of evidence have raised questions regarding its high-affinity function in nitrate uptake. Here, we show that the induction of NRT2.1- and NRT2.2-mediated nitrate uptake interferes with measurements of the contribution of NRT1.1 to high-affinity uptake using nrt1.1 mutants. Therefore, a nrt1.1/2.1/2.2 triple mutant was generated to reevaluate the role of NRT1.1 in high-affinity nitrate uptake. This triple mutant has a lower rate of nitrate uptake than the nrt2.1/2.2 double mutant under low external nitrate supply, resulting in a lower growth rate than that of the double mutant. Therefore, we conclude that NRT1.1-mediated high-affinity nitrate uptake is necessary for plant growth under low-nitrate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Hao Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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LeNRT1.1 Improves Nitrate Uptake in Grafted Tomato Plants under High Nitrogen Demand. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123921. [PMID: 30544504 PMCID: PMC6321218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafting has become a common practice among tomato growers to obtain vigorous plants. These plants present a substantial increase in nitrogen (N) uptake from the root zone. However, the mechanisms involved in this higher uptake capacity have not been investigated. To elucidate whether the increase in N uptake in grafted tomato plants under high N demand conditions is related to the functioning of low- (high capacity) or high-affinity (low capacity) root plasma membrane transporters, a series of experiments were conducted. Plants grafted onto a vigorous rootstock, as well as ungrafted and homograft plants, were exposed to two radiation levels (400 and 800 µmol m−2 s−1). We assessed root plasma membrane nitrate transporters (LeNRT1.1, LeNRT1.2, LeNRT2.1, LeNRT2.2 and LeNRT2.3) expression, Michaelis‒Menten kinetics parameters (Vmax and Km), root and leaf nitrate reductase activity, and root respiration rates. The majority of nitrate uptake is mediated by LeNRT1.1 and LeNRT1.2 in grafted and ungrafted plants. Under high N demand conditions, vigorous rootstocks show similar levels of expression for LeNRT1.1 and LeNRT1.2, whereas ungrafted plants present a higher expression of LeNRT1.2. No differences in the uptake capacity (evaluated as Vmax), root respiration rates, or root nitrate assimilation capacity were found among treatments.
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31
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Chen H, Xu N, Wu Q, Yu B, Chu Y, Li X, Huang J, Jin L. OsMADS27 regulates the root development in a NO 3--Dependent manner and modulates the salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:20-32. [PMID: 30466586 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OsMADS27 is one of the ANR1-like homologues in rice, whreas its functions in plant growth and development as well as the abiotic stress responses remain unclear. Here we investigated the roles of OsMADS27 in the root development in response to NO3- availability. Constitutive expression of OsMADS27 significantly inhibited the elongation of primary root (PR), but enhanced lateral root (LR) formation in a NO3--dependent manner. Furthermore, OsMADS27 overexpression promoted NO3- accumulation as well as the expression of NO3- transporter genes. ABA is reported to play an important role in mediating the effects of NO3- on the root development, thus it is supposed that OsMADS27 might regulate the root growth and development by ABA pathway. The root growth and development in OsMADS27 overexpression lines was shown to be more sensitive to exogenous ABA than wild type. Moreover, under NO3- conditions, higher levels of ABA accumulates in OsMADS27 overexpression plants. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that OsMADS27 physically interacts with ABA-INSENSITIVE5 (OsABI5) via DELLA protein OsSLR1. More importantly, OsMADS27 overexpression could enhance the salt tolerance. Taken together, our findings suggested that OsMADS27 is an important regulator controlling the root system development and adaption to osmotic stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yanli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
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32
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Truong HA, Lee WJ, Jeong CY, Trịnh CS, Lee S, Kang CS, Cheong YK, Hong SW, Lee H. Enhanced anthocyanin accumulation confers increased growth performance in plants under low nitrate and high salt stress conditions owing to active modulation of nitrate metabolism. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:41-48. [PMID: 30216785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants require nitrogen (N) for growth and development. However, they are frequently exposed to conditions of nitrogen deficiency. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation is induced under salt stress and nitrate deficiency. To date, most studies have revealed that nitrate deficiency under high sucrose levels induce high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Under nitrate-starved conditions, plant growth rapidly worsens and cells eventually die. In addition, plants are severely affected by salt exposure. Therefore, in this study, we determined whether increased levels of anthocyanin could improve plant growth under salt stress and nitrate-starved conditions. We used PAP1-D/fls1ko and ttg1 plants which have a perturbed anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to explore the role of anthocyanin in plant adaptation to nitrate-deficient conditions and salt stress. Our results demonstrate that high anthocyanin accumulation in PAP1-D/fls1ko plants confers enhanced tolerance to nitrate-deficient conditions combined with high salinity. PAP1-D/fls1ko plants appeared to use absorbed nitrate efficiently during the nitrate reduction process. In addition, nitrate-related genes such as NRT1.1, NiA1 and NiA2 were upregulated in the PAP1-D/fls1ko plants. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that high anthocyanin accumulation helps plants to cope with salt stress under nitrate-deficient conditions via the effective utilization of nitrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai An Truong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cao Sơn Trịnh
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Cheong
- Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Moore YE, Deeb TZ, Chadchankar H, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ. Potentiating KCC2 activity is sufficient to limit the onset and severity of seizures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10166-10171. [PMID: 30224498 PMCID: PMC6176565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810134115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 K+/Cl- cotransporter (KCC2) allows neurons to maintain low intracellular levels of Cl-, a prerequisite for efficient synaptic inhibition. Reductions in KCC2 activity are evident in epilepsy; however, whether these deficits directly contribute to the underlying pathophysiology remains controversial. To address this issue, we created knock-in mice in which threonines 906 and 1007 within KCC2 have been mutated to alanines (KCC2-T906A/T1007A), which prevents its phospho-dependent inactivation. The respective mice appeared normal and did not show any overt phenotypes, and basal neuronal excitability was unaffected. KCC2-T906A/T1007A mice exhibited increased basal neuronal Cl- extrusion, without altering total or plasma membrane accumulation of KCC2. Critically, activity-induced deficits in synaptic inhibition were reduced in the mutant mice. Consistent with this, enhanced KCC2 was sufficient to limit chemoconvulsant-induced epileptiform activity. Furthermore, this increase in KCC2 function mitigated induction of aberrant high-frequency activity during seizures, highlighting depolarizing GABA as a key contributor to the pathological neuronal synchronization seen in epilepsy. Thus, our results demonstrate that potentiating KCC2 represents a therapeutic strategy to alleviate seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne E Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- AstraZeneca-Tufts University Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Heramb Chadchankar
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca-Tufts University Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA 02451
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- AstraZeneca-Tufts University Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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Conway LC, Cardarelli RA, Moore YE, Jones K, McWilliams LJ, Baker DJ, Burnham MP, Bürli RW, Wang Q, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ, Deeb TZ. N-Ethylmaleimide increases KCC2 cotransporter activity by modulating transporter phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21253-21263. [PMID: 29092909 PMCID: PMC5766942 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
K+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is selectively expressed in the adult nervous system and allows neurons to maintain low intracellular Cl- levels. Thus, KCC2 activity is an essential prerequisite for fast hyperpolarizing synaptic inhibition mediated by type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors, which are Cl--permeable, ligand-gated ion channels. Consistent with this, deficits in the activity of KCC2 lead to epilepsy and are also implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropathic pain, and schizophrenia. Accordingly, there is significant interest in developing activators of KCC2 as therapeutic agents. To provide insights into the cellular processes that determine KCC2 activity, we have investigated the mechanism by which N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) enhances transporter activity using a combination of biochemical and electrophysiological approaches. Our results revealed that, within 15 min, NEM increased cell surface levels of KCC2 and modulated the phosphorylation of key regulatory residues within the large cytoplasmic domain of KCC2 in neurons. More specifically, NEM increased the phosphorylation of serine 940 (Ser-940), whereas it decreased phosphorylation of threonine 1007 (Thr-1007). NEM also reduced with no lysine (WNK) kinase phosphorylation of Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), a kinase that directly phosphorylates KCC2 at residue Thr-1007. Mutational analysis revealed that Thr-1007 dephosphorylation mediated the effects of NEM on KCC2 activity. Collectively, our results suggest that compounds that either increase the surface stability of KCC2 or reduce Thr-1007 phosphorylation may be of use as enhancers of KCC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Conway
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Ross A Cardarelli
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Yvonne E Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Jones
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J McWilliams
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - David J Baker
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Burnham
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Roland W Bürli
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Qi Wang
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Stephen J Moss
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts 02111,
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- From the AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Undurraga SF, Ibarra-Henríquez C, Fredes I, Álvarez JM, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate signaling and early responses in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2541-2551. [PMID: 28369507 PMCID: PMC5854014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that impacts many aspects of plant physiology, growth, and development. Besides its nutritional role, N nutrient and metabolites act as signaling molecules that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes and biological processes. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of components of the nitrate signaling pathway. Recent evidence posits that in one nitrate signaling pathway, nitrate sensed by NRT1.1 activates a phospholipase C activity that is necessary for increased cytosolic calcium levels. The nitrate-elicited calcium increase presumably activates calcium sensors, kinases, or phosphatases, resulting in changes in expression of primary nitrate response genes. Consistent with this model, nitrate treatments elicit proteome-wide changes in phosphorylation patterns in a wide range of proteins, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, kinases, phosphatases, and other regulatory proteins. Identifying and characterizing the function of the different players involved in this and other nitrate signaling pathways and their functional relationships is the next step to understand N responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad F Undurraga
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Ibarra-Henríquez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Fredes
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Miguel Álvarez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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Wei X, Chen J, Zhang C, Pan D. Differential Gene Expression in Rhododendron fortunei Roots Colonized by an Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus and Increased Nitrogen Absorption and Plant Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1594. [PMID: 27826312 PMCID: PMC5078686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi are specifically symbiotic with plants in the family Ericaceae. Little is known thus far about their symbiotic establishment and subsequent nitrogen (N) uptake at the molecular level. The present study devised a system for establishing a symbiotic relationship between Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. and an ERM fungus (Oidiodendron maius var. maius strain Om19), quantified seedling growth and N uptake, and compared transcriptome profiling between colonized and uncolonized roots using RNA-Seq. The Om19 colonization induced 16,892 genes that were differentially expressed in plant roots, of which 14,364 were upregulated and 2,528 were downregulated. These genes included those homologous to ATP-binding cassette transporters, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases, and symbiosis receptor-like kinases. N metabolism was particularly active in Om19-colonized roots, and 51 genes were upregulated, such as nitrate transporters, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, ammonium transporters, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Transcriptome analysis also identified a series of genes involving endocytosis, Fc-gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signal pathway that have not been reported previously. Their roles in the symbiosis require further investigation. The Om19 colonization significantly increased N uptake and seedling growth. Total N content and dry weight of colonized seedlings were 36.6 and 46.6% greater than control seedlings. This is the first transcriptome analysis of a species from the family Ericaceae colonized by an ERM fungus. The findings from this study will shed light on the mechanisms underlying symbiotic relationships of ericaceous species with ERM fungi and the symbiosis-resultant N uptake and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Wei
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, ApopkaFL, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, ApopkaFL, USA
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and PlanningShanghai, China
| | - Dongming Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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Wei X, Chen J, Zhang C, Pan D. A New Oidiodendron maius Strain Isolated from Rhododendron fortunei and its Effects on Nitrogen Uptake and Plant Growth. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1327. [PMID: 27602030 PMCID: PMC4993752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological characterization and internal transcribed spacer rDNA analysis suggested that it belongs to Oidiodendron maius Barron, and we designated it as strain Om19. Methods for culturing Om19 were established, and the ability of Om19 to form mycorrhizae on R. fortunei was evaluated in a peat-based substrate. Microscopic observations showed hyaline hyphae on the surface of hair roots and crowded hyphal complexes (hyphal coils) inside root cortical cells of R. fortunei after inoculation, indicating that the roots were well colonized by Om19. In a second experiment, fresh and dry weight of R. fortunei 2 months after Om19 inoculation were greater than uninoculated plants, and the total nitrogen absorbed by plants inoculated with Om19 was greater than the uninoculated controls. qRT-PCR analysis of five genes related to N uptake and metabolism (two nitrate transporters, an ammonium transporter, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase) showed that these genes were highly upregulated with twofold to ninefold greater expression in plants inoculated with Om19 compared to uninoculated plants. In the third experiment, Om19 was inoculated into the peat-based substrate for growing Formosa azalea (Rhododendron indica 'Formosa'). 'Formosa' azalea plants grown in the inoculated substrate had larger canopies and root systems compared to uninoculated plants. Our results show that Om19 could be an important microbial tool for improving production of Rhododendron plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Wei
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China; Department of Environmental Horticulrture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, ApopkaFL, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China; Department of Environmental Horticulrture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, ApopkaFL, USA
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning Shanghai, China
| | - Dongming Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
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