1
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Stark R. The olfactory bulb: A neuroendocrine spotlight on feeding and metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13382. [PMID: 38468186 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Olfaction is the most ancient sense and is needed for food-seeking, danger protection, mating and survival. It is often the first sensory modality to perceive changes in the external environment, before sight, taste or sound. Odour molecules activate olfactory sensory neurons that reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity, which transmits this odour-specific information to the olfactory bulb (OB), where it is relayed to higher brain regions involved in olfactory perception and behaviour. Besides odour processing, recent studies suggest that the OB extends its function into the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Furthermore, numerous hormone receptors associated with appetite and metabolism are expressed within the OB, suggesting a neuroendocrine role outside the hypothalamus. Olfactory cues are important to promote food preparatory behaviours and consumption, such as enhancing appetite and salivation. In addition, altered metabolism or energy state (fasting, satiety and overnutrition) can change olfactory processing and perception. Similarly, various animal models and human pathologies indicate a strong link between olfactory impairment and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the nature of this reciprocal relationship is critical to understand how olfactory or metabolic disorders arise. This present review elaborates on the connection between olfaction, feeding behaviour and metabolism and will shed light on the neuroendocrine role of the OB as an interface between the external and internal environments. Elucidating the specific mechanisms by which olfactory signals are integrated and translated into metabolic responses holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at modulating appetite and promoting metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Varanita T, Angi B, Scattolini V, Szabo I. Kv1.3 K + Channel Physiology Assessed by Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 35998249 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are widespread over all kingdoms and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular ionic homeostasis. Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium channel of the Shaker family with a wide tissue expression and a well-defined pharmacology. In recent decades, experiments mainly based on pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 have highlighted its crucial contribution to different fundamental processes such as regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. These findings link channel function to various pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases to obesity and cancer. In the present review, we briefly summarize studies employing Kv1.3 knockout animal models to confirm such roles and discuss the findings in comparison to the results obtained by pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 in various pathophysiological settings. We also underline how these studies contributed to our understanding of channel function in vivo and propose possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Kolling LJ, Tatti R, Lowry T, Loeven AM, Fadool JM, Fadool DA. Modulating the Excitability of Olfactory Output Neurons Affects Whole-Body Metabolism. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5966-5990. [PMID: 35710623 PMCID: PMC9337614 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0190-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic state can alter olfactory sensitivity, but it is unknown whether the activity of the olfactory bulb (OB) may fine tune metabolic homeostasis. Our objective was to use CRISPR gene editing in male and female mice to enhance the excitability of mitral/tufted projection neurons (M/TCs) of the OB to test for improved metabolic health. Ex vivo slice recordings of MCs in CRISPR mice confirmed increased excitability due the targeted loss of Kv1.3 channels, which resulted in a less negative resting membrane potential (RMP), enhanced action potential (AP) firing, and insensitivity to the selective channel blocker margatoxin (MgTx). CRISPR mice exhibited enhanced odor discrimination using a habituation/dishabituation paradigm. CRISPR mice were challenged for 25 weeks with a moderately high-fat (MHF) diet, and compared with littermate controls, male mice were resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO). Female mice did not exhibit DIO. CRISPR male mice gained less body weight, accumulated less white adipose tissue, cleared a glucose challenge more quickly, and had less serum leptin and liver triglycerides. CRISPR male mice consumed equivalent calories as control littermates, and had unaltered energy expenditure (EE) and locomotor activity, but used more fats for metabolic substrate over that of carbohydrates. Counter to CRISPR-engineered mice, by using chemogenetics to decrease M/TC excitability in male mice, activation of inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) caused a decrease in odor discrimination, and resulted in a metabolic profile that was obesogenic, mice had reduced EE and oxygen consumption (VO2). We conclude that the activity of M/TC projection neurons canonically carries olfactory information and simultaneously can regulate whole-body metabolism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The olfactory system drives food choice, and olfactory sensitivity is strongly correlated to hunger and fullness. Olfactory function thereby influences nutritional balance and obesity outcomes. Obesity has become a health and financial crisis in America, shortening life expectancy and increasing the severity of associated illnesses. It is expected that 51% of Americans will be obese by the year 2030. Using CRISPR gene editing and chemogenetic approaches, we discovered that changing the excitability of output neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) affects metabolism and body weight stabilization in mice. Our results suggest that long-term therapeutic targeting of OB activity to higher processing centers may be a future clinical treatment of obesity or type II Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis John Kolling
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Roberta Tatti
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Troy Lowry
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Ashley M Loeven
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - James M Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
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4
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Chelette BM, Loeven AM, Gatlin DN, Landi Conde DR, Huffstetler CM, Qi M, Fadool DA. Consumption of dietary fat causes loss of olfactory sensory neurons and associated circuitry that is not mitigated by voluntary exercise in mice. J Physiol 2021; 600:1473-1495. [PMID: 34807463 PMCID: PMC10102708 DOI: 10.1113/jp282112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess nutrition causes loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and reduces odour discrimination and odour perception in mice. To separate diet-induced obesity from the consumption of dietary fat, we designed pair-feeding experiments whereby mice were maintained on isocaloric diets for 5 months, which prevented increased fat storage. To test our hypothesis that adiposity was not a prerequisite for loss of OSNs and bulbar projections, we used male and female mice with an odorant receptor-linked genetic reporter (M72tauLacZ; Olfr160) to visualize neural circuitry changes resulting from elevated fat in the diet. Simultaneously we monitored glucose clearance (diagnostic for prediabetes), body fat deposition, ingestive behaviours, select inflammatory markers and energy metabolism. Axonal projections to defined olfactory glomeruli were visualized in whole-mount brains, and the number of OSNs was manually counted across whole olfactory epithelia. After being pair fed a moderately high-fat (MHF) diet, mice of both sexes had body weight, adipose deposits, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratios and locomotor activity that were unchanged from control-fed mice. Despite this, they were still found to lose OSNs and associated bulbar projections. Even with unchanged adipocyte storage, pair-fed animals had an elevation in TNF cytokines and an intermediate ability for glucose clearance. Albeit improving health metrics, access to voluntary running while consuming an ad libitum fatty diet still precipitated a loss of OSNs and associated axonal projections for male mice. Our results support that long-term macronutrient imbalance can drive anatomical loss in the olfactory system regardless of total energy expenditure. KEY POINTS: Obesity can disrupt the structure and function of organ systems, including the olfactory system that is important for food selection and satiety. We designed dietary treatments in mice such that mice received fat, but the total calories provided were the same as in control diets so that they would not gain weight or increase adipose tissue. Mice that were not obese but consumed isocaloric fatty diets still lost olfactory neuronal circuits, had fewer numbers of olfactory neurons, had an elevation in inflammatory signals and had an intermediate ability to clear glucose (prediabetes). Mice were allowed access to running wheels while consuming fatty diets, yet still lost olfactory structures. We conclude that a long-term imbalance in nutrition that favours fat in the diet disrupts the olfactory system of mice in the absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Chelette
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ashley M Loeven
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Destinee N Gatlin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Daniel R Landi Conde
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Carley M Huffstetler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Meizhu Qi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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5
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Capera J, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Navarro-Pérez M, Felipe A. Kv1.3 Controls Mitochondrial Dynamics during Cell Cycle Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174457. [PMID: 34503267 PMCID: PMC8431373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Voltage-dependent potassium channels control the proliferation of mammalian cells. In addition, mitochondria physiology is highly dynamic during the cell cycle. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the Kv1.3 channel participates in the mitochondrial control of cell cycle progression. Our data confirmed that Kv1.3 facilitates the proliferation of preadipocytes through the control of mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, adipogenesis was also dependent on Kv1.3 expression. We shed light on the role of Kv1.3 in mitochondria and adipose tissue metabolism, contributing further to the control of cell proliferation by Kv1.3. Abstract The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. The genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 lead to a lean phenotype in rodents. The mechanism of regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis involves Kv1.3 expression in different organs, including white and brown adipose tissues. Here, we show that Kv1.3 promotes the proliferation of preadipocytes through the control of mitochondrial dynamics. Kv1.3 is expressed in mitochondria exhibiting high affinity for the perinuclear population. The mitochondrial network is highly dynamic during the cell cycle, showing continuous fusion-fission events. The formation of a hyperfused mitochondrial network at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle is dependent on Kv1.3 expression. Our results demonstrate that Kv1.3 promotes preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation by controlling mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dynamics at the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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da Silveira WA, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal SB, Laiakis EC, Kim MS, Meydan C, Kidane Y, Rathi KS, Smith SM, Stear B, Ying Y, Zhang Y, Foox J, Zanello S, Crucian B, Wang D, Nugent A, Costa HA, Zwart SR, Schrepfer S, Elworth RAL, Sapoval N, Treangen T, MacKay M, Gokhale NS, Horner SM, Singh LN, Wallace DC, Willey JS, Schisler JC, Meller R, McDonald JT, Fisch KM, Hardiman G, Taylor D, Mason CE, Costes SV, Beheshti A. Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Biological Hub for Spaceflight Impact. Cell 2021; 183:1185-1201.e20. [PMID: 33242417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight is known to impose changes on human physiology with unknown molecular etiologies. To reveal these causes, we used a multi-omics, systems biology analytical approach using biomedical profiles from fifty-nine astronauts and data from NASA's GeneLab derived from hundreds of samples flown in space to determine transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenetic responses to spaceflight. Overall pathway analyses on the multi-omics datasets showed significant enrichment for mitochondrial processes, as well as innate immunity, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, circadian rhythm, and olfactory functions. Importantly, NASA's Twin Study provided a platform to confirm several of our principal findings. Evidence of altered mitochondrial function and DNA damage was also found in the urine and blood metabolic data compiled from the astronaut cohort and NASA Twin Study data, indicating mitochondrial stress as a consistent phenotype of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Man S Kim
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yared Kidane
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Stear
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yue Ying
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Dong Wang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Meller
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20057, USA
| | | | - Gary Hardiman
- Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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7
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Schwartz AB, Kapur A, Huang Z, Anangi R, Spear JM, Stagg S, Fardone E, Dekan Z, Rosenberg JT, Grant SC, King GF, Mattoussi H, Fadool DA. Olfactory bulb-targeted quantum dot (QD) bioconjugate and Kv1.3 blocking peptide improve metabolic health in obese male mice. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1876-1896. [PMID: 32978815 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system is a driver of feeding behavior, whereby olfactory acuity is modulated by the metabolic state of the individual. The excitability of the major output neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) can be modulated through targeting a voltage-dependent potassium channel, Kv1.3, which responds to changes in metabolic factors such as insulin, glucose, and glucagon-like peptide-1. Because gene-targeted deletion or inhibition of Kv1.3 in the periphery has been found to increase energy metabolism and decrease body weight, we hypothesized that inhibition of Kv1.3 selectively in the OB could enhance excitability of the output neurons to evoke changes in energy homeostasis. We thereby employed metal-histidine coordination to self-assemble the Kv1.3 inhibitor margatoxin (MgTx) to fluorescent quantum dots (QDMgTx) as a means to label cells in vivo and test changes in neuronal excitability and metabolism when delivered to the OB. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology to measure Kv1.3 properties in heterologously expressed cells and native mitral cells in OB slices, we found that QDMgTx had a fast rate of inhibition, but with a reduced IC50, and increased action potential firing frequency. QDMgTx was capable of labeling cloned Kv1.3 channels but was not visible when delivered to native Kv1.3 in the OB. Diet-induced obese mice were observed to reduce body weight and clear glucose more quickly following osmotic mini-pump delivery of QDMgTx/MgTx to the OB, and following MgTx delivery, they increased the use of fats as fuels (reduced respiratory exchange ratio). These results suggest that enhanced excitability of bulbar output neurons can drive metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Schwartz
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhenbo Huang
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Raveendra Anangi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - John M Spear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Scott Stagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Erminia Fardone
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zolan Dekan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Jens T Rosenberg
- National High Field Magnetic Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- National High Field Magnetic Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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8
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Chelette BM, Thomas AM, Fadool DA. Long-term obesogenic diet and targeted deletion of potassium channel K v 1.3 have differing effects on voluntary exercise in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14254. [PMID: 31646751 PMCID: PMC6811687 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary exercise is frequently employed as an intervention for obesity. The voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is also receiving attention as a therapeutic target for obesity, in addition to potential therapeutic capabilities for neuroinflammatory diseases. To investigate the combinatorial effects of these two therapies, we have compared the metabolic status and voluntary exercise behavior of both wild‐type mice and a transgenic line of mice that are genetic knockouts for Kv1.3 when provided with a running wheel and maintained on diets of differing fat content and caloric density. We tracked the metabolic parameters and wheel running behavior while maintaining the mice on their assigned treatment for 6 months. Wild‐type mice maintained on the fatty diet gain a significant amount of bodyweight and adipose tissue and display significantly impaired glucose tolerance, though all these effects were partially reduced with provision of a running wheel. Similar to previous studies, the Kv1.3‐null mice were resistant to obesity, increased adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Both wild‐type and Kv1.3‐null mice maintained on the fatty diet displayed increased wheel running activity compared to control‐fed mice, which was caused primarily by a significant increase in the amount of time spent running as opposed to an increase in running velocity. Interestingly, the patterns of running behavior differed between wild‐type and Kv1.3‐null mice. Kv1.3‐null mice spent significantly less time running during the light phase and displayed a decrease in running 1–2 h before the onset of the light phase, seemingly in anticipation of the dark‐to‐light phase transition. These studies indicate that voluntary exercise combats metabolic maladies and running behavior is modified by both consumption of an obesogenic diet and deletion of the Kv1.3 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Chelette
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.,Programs in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Abigail M Thomas
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.,Programs in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.,Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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9
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Danyu L, Yanran L, Xiuna J, Ying C, Sudan P, Tianen Z, Zhifen Z, Dezhi Z, Kaixun H, Yingyu X, Enxiang T. α-Synuclein induced mitochondrial dysfunction via cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:57-65. [PMID: 30776354 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of misfolded α-Synuclein (α-Syn) from cell to cell as a prion protein is important in α-Synucleinopathies. Extraneous α-Syn induces apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by causing mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which α-Syn disrupts the mitochondrial function is still unclear. In the present study, we used a gene microarray and western blotting analysis to show that the expression of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (MT-CO2, COXII) increased significantly in SH-SY5Y cells stimulated by α-Syn for 24 h. Furthermore, the decline in ATP levels, the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and the enhanced reactive oxygen species in cells treated by α-Syn was reversed by inhibiting MT-CO2 gene expression. Subsequently, we observed that upregulation of MT-CO2 contributed to the release of cytochrome c and altered the levels of certain mitochondria-localized proteins, such as BCL2 family proteins. Therefore, we hypothesized that after being transferred into dopaminergic neurons, α-Syn injures mitochondria via activating MT-CO2. Our results suggested the initial step of the process by which α-Syn injures dopaminergic neurons and provides new therapeutic targets for α-Syn associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Danyu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liang Yanran
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Jing Xiuna
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chen Ying
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Peng Sudan
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhou Tianen
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zeng Zhifen
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zheng Dezhi
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Huang Kaixun
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xie Yingyu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tao Enxiang
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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10
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Pérez-Verdaguer M, Capera J, Ortego-Domínguez M, Bielanska J, Comes N, Montoro RJ, Camps M, Felipe A. Caveolar targeting links Kv1.3 with the insulin-dependent adipocyte physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4059-4075. [PMID: 29947924 PMCID: PMC11105548 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 participates in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Genetic ablation of Kv1.3 triggers resistance to diet-induced weight gain, thereby pointing to this protein as a pharmacological target for obesity and associated type II diabetes. However, this role is under intense debate because Kv1.3 expression in adipose tissue raises controversy. We demonstrated that Kv1.3 is expressed in white adipose tissue from humans and rodents. Moreover, other channels, such as Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.4 and especially Kv1.5, from the same Shaker family are also present. Although elevated insulin levels and adipogenesis remodel the Kv phenotype, which could lead to multiple heteromeric complexes, Kv1.3 markedly participates in the insulin-dependent regulation of glucose uptake in mature adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation increased the expression of Kv1.3, which is targeted to caveolae by molecular interactions with caveolin 1. Using a caveolin 1-deficient 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, we demonstrated that the localization of Kv1.3 in caveolar raft structures is important for proper insulin signaling. Insulin-dependent phosphorylation of the channel occurs at the onset of insulin-mediated signaling. However, when Kv1.3 was spatially outside of these lipid microdomains, impaired phosphorylation was exhibited. Our data shed light on the putative role of Kv1.3 in weight gain and insulin-dependent responses contributing to knowledge about adipocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ortego-Domínguez
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani, s/n., 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Joanna Bielanska
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, AG Oncophysiology, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Núria Comes
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael J Montoro
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani, s/n., 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Al Koborssy D, Palouzier-Paulignan B, Canova V, Thevenet M, Fadool DA, Julliard AK. Modulation of olfactory-driven behavior by metabolic signals: role of the piriform cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:315-336. [PMID: 30317390 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction is one of the major sensory modalities that regulates food consumption and is in turn regulated by the feeding state. Given that the olfactory bulb has been shown to be a metabolic sensor, we explored whether the anterior piriform cortex (aPCtx)-a higher olfactory cortical processing area-had the same capacity. Using immunocytochemical approaches, we report the localization of Kv1.3 channel, glucose transporter type 4, and the insulin receptor in the lateral olfactory tract and Layers II and III of the aPCtx. In current-clamped superficial pyramidal (SP) cells, we report the presence of two populations of SP cells: glucose responsive and non-glucose responsive. Using varied glucose concentrations and a glycolysis inhibitor, we found that insulin modulation of the instantaneous and spike firing frequency are both glucose dependent and require glucose metabolism. Using a plethysmograph to record sniffing frequency, rats microinjected with insulin failed to discriminate ratiometric enantiomers; considered a difficult task. Microinjection of glucose prevented discrimination of odorants of different chain-lengths, whereas injection of margatoxin increased the rate of habituation to repeated odor stimulation and enhanced discrimination. These data suggest that metabolic signaling pathways that are present in the aPCtx are capable of neuronal modulation and changing complex olfactory behaviors in higher olfactory centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Al Koborssy
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brigitte Palouzier-Paulignan
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Canova
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Thevenet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrée Karyn Julliard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to Memory, 50 Av. Tony Garnier, 69366, Lyon, France.
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12
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Loss of odor-induced c-Fos expression of juxtaglomerular activity following maintenance of mice on fatty diets. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 51:3-13. [PMID: 30203289 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) decreases the number of OMP+ olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) in the olfactory epithelium by 25% and reduces correlate axonal projections to the olfactory bulb (OB). Whether surviving OSNs have equivalent odor responsivity is largely unknown. Herein, we utilized c-fos immediate-early gene expression to map neuronal activity and determine whether mice weaned to control (CF), moderately-high fat (MHF), or high-fat (HF) diet for a period of 6 months had changes in odor activation. Diet-challenged M72-IRES-tau-GFP mice were exposed to either a preferred M72 (Olfr160) ligand, isopropyl tiglate, or clean air in a custom-made Bell-jar infusion chamber using an alternating odor exposure pattern generated by a picosprizer™. Mice maintained on fatty diets weighed significantly more and cleared glucose less efficiently as determined by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). The number of juxtaglomerular cells (JGs) decreased following maintenance of the mice on the MHF diet for cells surrounding the medial but not lateral M72 glomerulus within a 4 cell-column distance. The percentage of c-fos + JGs surrounding the lateral M72 glomerulus decreased in fat-challenged mice whereas those surrounding the medial glomerulus were not affected by diet. Altogether, these results show an asymmetry in the responsiveness of the 'mirror image' glomerular map for the M72 receptor that shows greater sensitivity of the lateral vs. medial glomerulus upon exposure to fatty diet.
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13
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Bagnoli E, FitzGerald U. Mitral cells and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor: The sweet smell of success? Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:422-439. [PMID: 30120857 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is often affected at very early stages of neurodegenerative disorders, in the so-called "prodromal" phase. In Parkinson's disease (PD), olfactory disturbances appear years before motor symptoms arise. Additionally, pathological alpha-synuclein aggregates are found in olfactory regions before spreading to other areas of the brain. Being positioned at the frontier between the brain and a potentially hostile environment, could explain the particular vulnerability of the OB. Mitral cells (MCs), the principal projecting neurons of the olfactory system, are involved in the pathogenesis and in the prion-like progression of PD. They are affected by Lewy pathology and are thought to contribute to the axonal transport of misfolded alpha-synuclein to other regions of the brain. Here, we first describe the main markers reported to distinguish MCs from other olfactory neurons. We focus on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), a membrane protein specifically expressed in MCs. After summarizing OB pathology, we explore the idea of targeting specifically MCs with GLP-1 or its analogues. Exenatide has shown great promise as a neuroprotective and neurorestorative agent and has been used in a clinical trial for clinical PD. Since GLP-1R activation has the ability to mitigate many facets of prodromal PD pathology, we postulate that once a robust biomarker is in place that is capable of identifying individuals in the prodromal phase of PD, homing in on GLP-1R could assist in deferring, or eradicating to a significant degree, the clinical manifestation of this debilitating human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bagnoli
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Una FitzGerald
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Zhang Y, Qin C, Yang L, Lu R, Zhao X, Nie G. A comparative genomics study of carbohydrate/glucose metabolic genes: from fish to mammals. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:246. [PMID: 29642853 PMCID: PMC5896114 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose plays a key role as an energy source in most mammals, but its importance in fish appears to be limited that so far seemed to belong to diabetic humans only. Several laboratories worldwide have made important efforts in order to better understand this strange phenotype observed in fish. However, the mechanism of carbohydrate/glucose metabolism is astonishingly complex. Why basal glycaemia is different between fish and mammals and how carbohydrate metabolism is different amongst organisms is largely uncharted territory. The utilization of comparative systems biology with model vertebrates to explore fish metabolism has become an essential approach to unravelling hidden in vivo mechanisms. Results In this study, we first built a database containing 791, 593, 523, 666 and 698 carbohydrate/glucose metabolic genes from the genomes of Danio rerio, Xenopus tropicalis, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus and Homo sapiens, respectively, and most of these genes in our database are predicted to encode specific enzymes that play roles in defined reactions; over 57% of these genes are related to human type 2 diabetes. Then, we systematically compared these genes and found that more than 70% of the carbohydrate/glucose metabolic genes are conserved in the five species. Interestingly, there are 4 zebrafish-specific genes (si:ch211-167b20.8, CABZ01043017.1, socs9 and eif4e1c) and 1 human-specific gene (CALML6) that may alter glucose utilization in their corresponding species. Interestingly, these 5 genes are all carbohydrate regulation factors, but the enzymes themselves are involved in insulin regulation pathways. Lastly, in order to facilitate the use of our data sets, we constructed a glucose metabolism database platform (http://101.200.43.1:10000/). Conclusions This study provides the first systematic genomic insights into carbohydrate/glucose metabolism. After exhaustive analysis, we found that most metabolic genes are conserved in vertebrates. This work may resolve some of the complexities of carbohydrate/glucose metabolic heterogeneity amongst different vertebrates and may provide a reference for the treatment of diabetes and for applications in the aquaculture industry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4647-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China. .,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Huang Z, Hoffman CA, Chelette BM, Thiebaud N, Fadool DA. Elevated Anxiety and Impaired Attention in Super-Smeller, Kv1.3 Knockout Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 29615878 PMCID: PMC5867313 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that olfaction and emotion are linked. While chemosensory research using both human and rodent models have indicated a change in emotion can contribute to olfactory dysfunction, there are few studies addressing the contribution of olfaction to a modulation in emotion. In mice, olfactory deficits have been linked with heightened anxiety levels, suggesting that there could be an inverse relationship between olfaction and anxiety. Furthermore, increased anxiety is often co-morbid with psychiatric conditions such as attention disorders. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of olfaction in modulating anxiety. Voltage-gated potassium ion channel Kv1.3 knockout mice (Kv1.3−/−), which have heightened olfaction, and wild-type (WT) mice were examined for anxiety-like behaviors using marble burying (MB), light-dark box (LDB) and elevated-plus maze (EPM) tests. Because Kv1.3−/− mice have increased locomotor activity, inattentive and hyperactive behaviors were quantified for both genotypes. Kv1.3−/− mice showed increased anxiety levels compared to their WT counterparts and administration of methylphenidate (MPH) via oral gavage alleviated their increased anxiety. Object-based attention testing indicated young and older Kv1.3−/− mice had attention deficits and treatment with MPH also ameliorated this condition. Locomotor testing through use of a metabolic chamber indicated that Kv1.3−/− mice were not significantly hyperactive and MPH treatment failed to modify this activity. Our data suggest that heightened olfaction does not necessarily lead to decreased anxiety levels, and that Kv1.3−/− mice may have behaviors associated with inattentiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Huang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Carlie A Hoffman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brandon M Chelette
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Nicolas Thiebaud
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Debra A Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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16
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Julliard AK, Al Koborssy D, Fadool DA, Palouzier-Paulignan B. Nutrient Sensing: Another Chemosensitivity of the Olfactory System. Front Physiol 2017; 8:468. [PMID: 28747887 PMCID: PMC5506222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a major sensory modality involved in real time perception of the chemical composition of the external environment. Olfaction favors anticipation and rapid adaptation of behavioral responses necessary for animal survival. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network. Orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin and orexin increase olfactory sensitivity, which in turn, is decreased by anorexigenic hormones such as insulin and leptin. In addition to peptides, nutrients can play a key role on neuronal activity. Very little is known about nutrient sensing in olfactory areas. Nutrients, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, could play a key role in modulating olfactory sensitivity to adjust feeding behavior according to metabolic need. Here we summarize recent findings on nutrient-sensing neurons in olfactory areas and delineate the limits of our knowledge on this topic. The present review opens new lines of investigations on the relationship between olfaction and food intake, which could contribute to determining the etiology of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Karyn Julliard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to MemoryLyon, France
| | - Dolly Al Koborssy
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Debra A Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brigitte Palouzier-Paulignan
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292 Team Olfaction: From Coding to MemoryLyon, France
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