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Ding C, Soh KG, Sun H, Roslan S, Cao S, Zhao Y. Does mental fatigue affect performance in racket sports? A systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:179. [PMID: 39187902 PMCID: PMC11345983 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Mental fatigue impairs performance across several sports domains. However, a systematic review on its effects on racket sports performance has been lacking due to the previous scarcity of studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review the effects of mental fatigue on racket players' performance, with a discussion of the underlying mechanisms. A thorough search was conducted across five databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and the Psychological and Behavioral Science Collection (via EBSCOhost). The PICOS framework established the inclusion criteria: (1) healthy racket sports players; (2) induction of mental fatigue in both field and laboratory settings; (3) comparison of mental fatigue interventions with a control group (e.g., watching a movie or reading a magazine); (4) assessment of performance outcomes, including physical performance, skilled performance, and perceptual-cognitive performance; and (5) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs), and non-randomized non-controlled trials. Mental fatigue manipulation, subjective evaluation, and (neuro)physiological markers were synthesized to support the successful induction of mental fatigue. Performance was categorized into tennis, table tennis, badminton, and padel based on the characteristics of specific racket sports domains. Secondary outcomes, such as the rate perception of effort (RPE) and motivation, were synthesized to explain the mechanisms based on the prominent theory of the Psychobiological model of endurance performance. Six studies revealed that mental fatigue impacts stroke performance in table tennis, affecting speed, accuracy, faults, and only second-serve accuracy in tennis. The response time of psychomotor performance increased in table tennis, padel, and badminton. Meanwhile, mental fatigue increased the RPE and remained unchanged in heart rate, blood glucose, and lactate, consistent with the Psychobiological model of endurance performance. Additionally, attention is suggested as a significant underlying psychobiological factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ding
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of General Education Studies, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - He Sun
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shudian Cao
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Connolly DR, Stolp S, Gualtieri A, Ferrari Bravo D, Sassi R, Rampinini E, Coutts AJ. How Do Young Soccer Players Train? A 5-Year Analysis of Weekly Training Load and its Variability Between Age Groups in an Elite Youth Academy. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e423-e429. [PMID: 39072663 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Connolly, DR, Stolp, S, Gualtieri, A, Ferrari Bravo, D, Sassi, R, Rampinini, E, and Coutts, AJ. How do young soccer players train? A 5-year analysis of weekly training load and its variability between age groups in an elite youth academy. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e423-e429, 2024-The aim of this study was to quantify the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), duration, and training load accrued across typical training weeks undertaken by youth soccer players. Differences between starters, nonstarters, and variations in training load variables were also investigated. Data were collected from 230 elite youth players in 4 age groups (U15, U16, U17, and U19) during 5 competitive seasons. Mixed models were used to describe variation between age groups and compare starters with nonstarters, with season as a fixed covariate effect. Week-to-week variation in training load was expressed as the percentage coefficient of variation. The main findings may be used to highlight a significant effect of age and playing status on training intensity, duration, and internal training load. Weekly training load increased progressively from the U15 to U17, with significant differences between each age group (p < 0.03). Lower mean weekly perceived intensity (sRPE) was noted in U15 when compared with the older age groups (4.2 vs. 4.6-4.9 arbitrary unit for U16 to U19, p < 0.001). Low weekly training load variation was observed across the different phases of the season in each age group, with the preseason exhibiting the greatest variance (3.6-6.2%). Differences in the training load are likely more attributable to changes in training duration rather than sRPE. Control of session duration seems to play an important role when aiming to control load in the academy environment, and practitioners should closely monitor the differences in duration and load being recorded between starters and nonstarters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh R Connolly
- Sport Science and R&D Department, Juventus Football Club, Torino, Italy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sean Stolp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonio Gualtieri
- Sport Science and R&D Department, Juventus Football Club, Torino, Italy
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Italy; and
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yang X, Wang Y, Yang Y. Impact of Pediococcus pentosaceus YF01 on the exercise capacity of mice through the regulation of oxidative stress and alteration of gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1421209. [PMID: 38989023 PMCID: PMC11233450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1421209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Using treadmill training, this study replicated human exercise conditions and triggered exercise-induced fatigue in mice to examine the potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus YF01 in delaying this fatigue by regulating oxidative stress and its impact on the exercise capacity and gut microbiota of mice. The exercise capacity of mice was tested by conducting exhaustion tests, determining histopathological changes in mouse tissues, detecting the levels of serum biochemical markers, and evaluating the mRNA expression levels of relevant genes. YF01 prolonged the exhaustion time of mice, increased the serum levels of oxidative stress-related markers T-AOC, CAT, and GSH, as well as GLU and LA levels in the mice. YF01 decreased the levels of hepatic-related markers AST and ALT, as well as exercise-related markers LDH, BUN, UA, and CRE in the mice. YF01 upregulated the mRNA expression of MyHc I, SIRT1, and PGC in muscle tissues, as well as SOD1, SOD2, and CAT in both liver and muscle tissues. YF01 also downregulated the mRNA expression of MyHc IIa, MyHc IIb, and MyHc IIx in muscle tissues. Furthermore, YF01 increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiota of mice. In conclusion, P. pentosaceus YF01 may affect the exercise capacity of mice by modulating oxidative stress levels, thereby offering novel ideas for developing of sports science and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yang
- School of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yeni Wang
- Ministry of Sports, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Social Sports Management, College of Humanities and Law, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Jin H, Xiao M, Liu L, Kan S, Fu Y, Zhang D. Relationship between physical fatigue and mental fatigue based on multimodal measurement under different load levels. ERGONOMICS 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38912844 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2364667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Based on multimodal measurement methods of NASA task load index (NASA-TLX), task performance, surface electromyography (sEMG), heart rate (HR), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this study conducted experimental measurements and analyses under 16 different load levels of physical fatigue and mental fatigue combination conditions. This study observed the interaction between physical fatigue and mental fatigue at different levels, and at the subjective level, the effect of physical fatigue on mental fatigue was greater than that of mental fatigue on physical fatigue. Secondly, the results of fNIRS analysis showed that the premotor cortex is affected by physical fatigue, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is affected by mental fatigue. Finally, this study constructed a fatigue classification model with an accuracy of 95.3%, which takes multimodal physiological data as input and 16 fatigue states as output. The research results will provide a basis for fatigue analysis, evaluation, and improvement in complex working situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhe Jin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Big Data Management and Application, School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Kan
- Department of Economics, School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongyan Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Director of Human Resources Department, Rizhao Steel Yingkou Medium Plate CO.LTD, Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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Ida A, Sasaki K. Distinct adaptations of muscle endurance but not strength or hypertrophy to low-load resistance training with and without blood flow restriction. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:926-938. [PMID: 38502540 PMCID: PMC11140179 DOI: 10.1113/ep091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Low-load resistance training promotes muscle strength and hypertrophic adaptations when combined with blood flow restriction (BFR). However, the effect of BFR on muscle endurance remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of BFR on muscle performance and adaptation, with special reference to local muscle endurance. In experiment 1, eight healthy men performed unilateral elbow flexion exercise to failure at 30% of one-repetition maximum with BFR (at 40% of estimated arterial occlusion pressure) and free blood flow (FBF). During the exercise, muscle activity and tissue oxygenation were measured from the biceps brachii. In experiment 2, another eight healthy men completed 6 weeks of elbow flexion training with BFR and FBF. The number of repetitions to failure at submaximal load (Rmax), the estimated time for peak torque output to decay by 50% during repetitive maximum voluntary contractions (half-time), one-repetition maximum, isometric strength and muscle thickness of elbow flexors were measured pre- and post-training. Blood flow restriction resulted in fewer repetitions and lower muscle tissue oxygenation at the end of exercise than FBF, while the muscle activity increased similarly to repetition failure. Blood flow restriction also resulted in a smaller post-training Rmax, which was strongly correlated with the total exercise volume over the 6 week period. Despite the smaller exercise volume, BFR resulted in similar improvements in half-time, muscle strength and thickness compared with FBF. These results suggest that the application of BFR can attenuate muscle endurance adaptations to low-load resistance training by decreasing the number of repetitions during exercise, both acutely and chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Ida
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Romagnoli R, Filipas L, Piacentini MF. Can mental fatigue affect perception of barbell velocity in resistance training? Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:732-739. [PMID: 38874957 PMCID: PMC11235659 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Perception of Velocity (PV) is the ability to estimate single repetition velocity during resistance training (RT) exercises. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of Mental Fatigue (MF) on the accuracy of barbell PV. The secondary aims were to evaluate whether MF affected RT performance and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; OMNI-RES) in the back squat. Twenty-four (14 Females, 10 Males) resistance-trained participants underwent 2 familiarization sessions and 1RM test for the back squat. In two separate sessions, PV was tested for light, medium, and heavy loads in 2 conditions in random order: at rest (REST) and in MF condition (POST-MF) induced by previous incongruent Stroop color-word task. MF and Motivation were assessed through visual analog scales (VAS; 0-100) before and after the Stroop task. For each load subjects performed 2 repetitions and reported the RPE value. Mean propulsive velocity (Vr) of the barbell was recorded with a linear encoder, while the perceived velocity (Vp) of the subjects was self-reported using the Squat-PV scale. The PV accuracy was calculated through the delta score (ds: Vp-Vr). Following the Stroop task MF increased significantly (p < 0.001; F (1, 23) = 52.572), while motivation decreased (p < 0.05; F (1, 23) = 7.401). Ds, Vr, and RPE did not show significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05) for the three loads analyzed. MF induced by previous demanding cognitive task did not affect PV accuracy. Furthermore, subjects maintained unchanged both RT performance and RPE values associated with each load, even when mentally fatigued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Romagnoli
- Department of Human Movement and Health SciencesUniversity of Rome “Foro Italico”RomeItaly
- Italian Weightlifting Federation ‘FIPE’RomeItaly
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic DiseasesIRCCS MultiMedicaMilanItaly
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Souron R, Pageaux B, Grosboillot N, Guillot A, Gruet M, Bertrand MF, Millet GY, Lapole T. Enhancing endurance performance with combined imagined and actual physical practice. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05510-6. [PMID: 38787411 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The perception of effort exerts influence in determining task failure during endurance performance. Training interventions blending physical and cognitive tasks yielded promising results in enhancing performance. Motor imagery can decrease the perception of effort. Whether combining motor imagery and physical training improves endurance remains to be understood, and this was the aim of this study. METHODS Participants (24 ± 3 year) were assigned to a motor imagery (n = 16) or a control (n = 17) group. Both groups engaged in physical exercises targeting the knee extensors (i.e., wall squat, 12 training sessions, 14-days), with participants from the motor imagery group also performing motor imagery. Each participant visited the laboratory Pre and Post-training, during which we assessed endurance performance through a sustained submaximal isometric knee extension contraction until task failure, at either 20% or 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction peak torque. Perceptions of effort and muscle pain were measured during the exercise. RESULTS We reported no changes in endurance performance for the control group. Endurance performance in the motor imagery group exhibited significant improvements when the intensity of the sustained isometric exercise closely matched that used in training. These enhancements were less pronounced when considering the higher exercise intensity. No reduction in perception of effort was observed in both groups. There was a noticeable decrease in muscle pain perception within the motor imagery group Post training. CONCLUSION Combining motor imagery and physical training may offer a promising avenue for enhancing endurance performance and managing pain in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- J-AP2S, Université de Toulon, Toulon, France.
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance (MIP), UR 4334, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathan Grosboillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, EA 6310, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- LIBM, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathilde F Bertrand
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
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Stoffels AAF, Allard NAE, Spruit MA, Klijn P, Hopman MTE, Meys R, Franssen FME, Timmers S, van den Borst B, van Hees HWH. Relationship between Volitional and Non-Volitional Quadriceps Muscle Endurance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:190. [PMID: 38248067 PMCID: PMC10814454 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Volitional assessment of quadriceps muscle endurance is clinically relevant in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, studies that determine the construct validity of volitional tests by comparing them to non-volitional measures are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the correlation between volitional and non-volitional quadriceps muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Quadriceps muscle endurance was evaluated in twenty-six patients with COPD. A volitional isometric and a volitional isokinetic protocol were performed on a computerised dynamometer to determine the isometric time and isokinetic work fatigue index, respectively. Non-volitional assessment of quadriceps muscle endurance was evaluated using repetitive electrical stimulations to establish the isometric muscle force decline. Sixteen patients (61 ± 8 years, 63% male, FEV1 47 (32-53)%) performed all three quadriceps endurance tests conforming to pre-defined test criteria. Both volitional isometric time and isokinetic work fatigue index did not significantly correlate with non-volitional muscle force decline (both p > 0.05). There was a strong correlation between volitional isometric time and isokinetic work fatigue index (rho = -0.716, p = 0.002). To conclude, this study suggests that volitional measures evaluate partly different aspects of quadriceps muscle endurance compared to non-volitional measures. Accordingly, these outcome measures cannot be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A. F. Stoffels
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (B.v.d.B.)
| | - Neeltje A. E. Allard
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Martijn A. Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.E.F.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Klijn
- Department of Pulmonology, Merem Pulmonary Rehabilitation Centre, 1213 VX Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Roy Meys
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.E.F.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits M. E. Franssen
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.E.F.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvie Timmers
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Bram van den Borst
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (B.v.d.B.)
| | - Hieronymus W. H. van Hees
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (B.v.d.B.)
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Borot L, Pageaux B, Laroche D, Vergotte G, Lepers R, Perrey S. Eccentric cycling involves greater mental demand and cortical activation of the frontoparietal network. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14517. [PMID: 37814520 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric, compared to concentric exercise, is proposed to involve different neuro-motor processing strategies and a higher level of mental demand. This study compared eccentric and concentric cycling at matched perceived effort and torque for the mental demand and related-cortical activation patterns. Nineteen men (30 ± 6 years) performed four different 5-min cycling conditions at 30 RPM on a semi-recumbent isokinetic cycle ergometer: (1) concentric at a moderate perceived effort (23 on the CR100® scale) without torque feedback; (2) concentric and (3) eccentric at the same average torque produced in the first condition; and (4) eccentric at the same moderate perceived effort than the first concentric condition. The conditions two to four were randomized. After each condition, mental demand was monitored using the NASA Task Load Index scale. Changes in oxy-(O2 Hb) and deoxy-(HHb) hemoglobin during exercise were measured over both prefrontal cortices and the right parietal lobe from a 15-probe layout using a continuous-wave NIRS system. Mental demand was significantly higher during eccentric compared to concentric cycling (+52%, p = 0.012) and when the exercise intensity was fixed by the torque rather than the perceived effort (+70%, p < 0.001). For both torque- or perceived effort-matched exercises, O2 Hb increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the left and right prefrontal cortices, and right parietal lobe, and HHb decreased in the left, and right, prefrontal cortices during eccentric compared to concentric cycling. This study supports that acute eccentric cycling, compared to concentric cycling, involves a higher mental demand, and frontoparietal network activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lénaic Borot
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Davy Laroche
- INSERM UMR 1093-CAPS, Univ. Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- INSERM, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, Dijon, France
| | - Grégoire Vergotte
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM UMR 1093-CAPS, Univ. Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
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Wirdnam M, Ferrar K, Mayes S, MacMahon C, Cook J, Rio E. "A sprained ankle is the biggest sign of mental fatigue": A qualitative study of the perceptions and experiences of mental fatigue in professional ballet. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 65:154-161. [PMID: 38218024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Mental fatigue is known to influence endurance, skill, and tactical performance in sport. Research investigating the impact of mental fatigue on tasks that combine physical, cognitive, and aesthetic performance such as professional ballet does not exist. OBJECTIVE To understand the perceptions and experiences of mental fatigue in professional ballet. DESIGN Qualitative, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. SETTING The Australian Ballet. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine professional ballet dancers (53% of the company) and six dance staff members aged 18 years or above (53% female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES N/a. RESULTS The average focus group and interview length was 48 ± 7 min and 41 ± 8 min. Key categories were; (1) Dancers and dance staff perceive that new learning contributes to mental fatigue, (2) Dancers perceive changes to their mood and perception of effort when they are mentally fatigued, and (3) Dancers and dance staff perceive that mental fatigue negatively affects their physical and cognitive performance and, increases their risk of injury. CONCLUSION This is the first study where participants associated mental fatigue with injury risk and provides a springboard to measure the impact of mental fatigue on learning, injury, and performance in professional ballet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wirdnam
- School of Allied Health, Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; The Australian Ballet, Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC, 3006, Australia.
| | - Katia Ferrar
- Sports & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; The Australian Ballet, Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC, 3006, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Susan Mayes
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; The Australian Ballet, Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC, 3006, Australia. https://twitter.com/S_Maysey
| | - Clare MacMahon
- School of Sports & Exercise Science, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia. https://twitter.com/ProfJillCook
| | - Jill Cook
- Sports & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ebonie Rio
- Sports & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; The Australian Ballet, Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC, 3006, Australia. https://twitter.com/tendonpain
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11
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Signorini G, Scurati R, Bosio A, Maestri G, Rigon M, Trecroci A, Invernizzi PL. Effects of cognitive load and different exercise intensities on perceived effort in sedentary university students: a follow up of the Cubo Fitness Test validation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1254767. [PMID: 38144989 PMCID: PMC10742639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Work and intellectually fatiguing environments can significantly influence the health of individuals, which is strictly bound to motor efficiency. In particular, desk workers and university students may have a sedentary lifestyle and a condition of mental fatigue caused by daily routine, which could impair motor efficiency. The assessment is a starting point for enhancing awareness of the individual's psychophysical condition through the perception of one's body motor efficiency, motivating to move towards improvement. This way, a submaximal test based on perceived exertion was developed (Cubo Fitness Test, CFT) and validated in previous studies. Hence, two further studies were employed to enhance the consistency and accuracy of this instrument in different conditions. The first study investigated the internal responsiveness of CFT, evaluating if mental fatigue could affect motor efficiency. The second study investigated which perceived intensity (weak, moderate, strong, or absolute maximum) could be more reliable for applying the CFT (as previous research focused the investigation only on moderate intensity). In the first investigation, participants assessed two stimuli (mental fatigue induced with a Stroop color-word task and a neutral condition based on the vision of a documentary) lasting 60 min each. The quality of psychophysical recovery (total quality recovery) and the mood state (Italian Mood State questionnaire) were evaluated before the stimuli. After the fatiguing or the neutral task, the mood state was newly assessed, together with the evaluation of the workload's characteristics (Nasa TLX) and the CFT motor efficiency. In the second investigation, participants had to perform CFT twice for each at different intensities of Borg's Scale of perceived exertion. Researchers successfully requested to fill out the NASA TLX questionnaire regarding the perceived workload characteristics of CFT, and the reliability of each intensity was assessed. Results seem to enhance the consistency and the accuracy of the instrument. Indeed, findings evidenced that CFT is not influenced by mental fatigue conditions typical of the intellectual work of desk workers and university students for which this test was specifically conceived. Moreover, moderate and strong perceived intensity are the most adequate conditions to assess motor efficiency in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Signorini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport, Olgiate Olona, Italy
| | - Gloria Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rigon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Invernizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Varesco G, Pageaux B, Cattagni T, Sarcher A, Martinent G, Doron J, Jubeau M. Fatigue in elite fencing: Effects of a simulated competition. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2250-2260. [PMID: 37574844 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The fatigue induced by fencing remains scarcely investigated. We aimed to investigate both objective (neuromuscular performance fatigability) and subjective (perceived fatigue, effort, and workload) manifestations of fatigue in elite fencers following a five-bout simulated competition. Changes in countermovement jump height, knee extensors maximal isometric torque, rate of torque development, voluntary activation, and contractile response to muscular electrical stimulation were measured in 29 elite fencers [12 epee (6 women), 11 saber (5 women), and 6 foil]. Perceived fatigue and effort were evaluated with visual analog scales, and the perceived workload with the NASA Task Load Index scale. During the competition, maximal torque and rate of torque development decreased by 1.6% (p = 0.017) and 2.4% (p < 0.001) per bout, respectively. Perceived fatigue before each bout increased (12% per bout), with similar values observed at the end of all bouts (bout × period interaction: p < 0.001). Perceived effort increased during the bouts (10% per period, p < 0.001) and during the competition (3% per bout, p = 0.011). Perceived mental demand increased during the competition (2% per bout, p = 0.024). These results suggest that elite fencers needed to increase the allocation of mental rather than physical resources to the task to counterbalance the deleterious effect of fatigue on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- Université de Montréal, École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Canada
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Sarcher
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Laboratory on Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (LVIS), EA 7428, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Doron
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
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13
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Audiffren M, Capa RL, Silvestrini N, Steele J, Ravel S, Pageaux B. Editorial: Effort-based decision-making and cognitive fatigue. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1230022. [PMID: 37425012 PMCID: PMC10327592 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Audiffren
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Rémi L. Capa
- Centre d'études et de recherche en psychopathologie et santé, Institut national universitaire Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Nicolas Silvestrini
- Geneva Motivation Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James Steele
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Ravel
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Montréal, QC, Canada
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14
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Leroy É, Koun É, Thura D. Integrated control of non-motor and motor efforts during perceptual decision-making and action execution: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9354. [PMID: 37291131 PMCID: PMC10250294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans daily life is characterized by a succession of voluntary actions. Since energy resources are limited, the ability to invest the appropriate amount of effort for selecting and executing these actions is a hallmark of adapted behavior. Recent studies indicate that decisions and actions share important principles, including the optimization of their duration when the context requires it. In the present pilot study, we test the hypothesis that the management of effort-related energy resources is shared between decision and action too. Healthy human subjects performed a perceptual decision task where they had to choose between two levels of effort to invest in making the decision (i.e. two levels of perceptual difficulty), and report it with a reaching movement. Crucially, the movement accuracy requirement gradually increased from trial to trial depending on participants' decision performance. Results indicate an overall moderate and non-significant impact of the increasing motor difficulty on the choice of the non-motor (decision) effort to invest in each trial and on decision performance. By contrast, motor performance strongly decreased depending on both the motor and decisional difficulties. Together, the results support the hypothesis of an integrated management of the effort-related energy resources between decision and action. They also suggest that in the present task, the mutualized resources are primarily allocated to the decision-making process to the detriment of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Leroy
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-ImpAct Team, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, 16 Avenue du Doyen Jean Lépine, 69676, Bron, France
| | - Éric Koun
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-ImpAct Team, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, 16 Avenue du Doyen Jean Lépine, 69676, Bron, France
| | - David Thura
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-ImpAct Team, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, 16 Avenue du Doyen Jean Lépine, 69676, Bron, France.
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15
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Staiano W, Marcora S, Romagnoli M, Kirk U, Ring C. Brain Endurance Training improves endurance and cognitive performance in road cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00088-9. [PMID: 37301613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of brain endurance training (BET) on endurance and cognitive performance in road cyclists. DESIGN Two independent randomized controlled pretest-posttest training studies. METHODS In both studies cyclists trained five times/week for six weeks and completed either cognitive response inhibition tasks (Post-BET group) or listened to neutral sounds (control group) after each training session. In Study-1, 26 cyclists performed a time to exhaustion (TTE) test at 80 % peak power output (PPO), followed by a 30-min Stroop task, and a TTE test at 65 % PPO. In Study-2, 24 cyclists performed a 5-min time trial, followed by a 30-min Stroop task, 60-min submaximal incremental test, and a 20-min . Heart rate, lactate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), Stroop reaction time and accuracy were also measured. RESULTS During Study 1, Post-BET improved TTE at 80 % (p = 0.032) and 65 % PPO (p = 0.011) significantly more than control with lower RPE (all p < 0.043). In Study 2, 5-min TT performance did not differ between groups. During the 60-min submaximal incremental test, RPE was lower in the Post-BET group compared to the control group (p = 0.034) and 20-min TT performance improved significantly more in the Post-BET group than in the control group (all p < 0.031). No group differences were found in physiological measures. In both studies, Stroop reaction times improved significantly more in the Post-BET group than in the control group (all p < 0.033). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Post-BET may be used to improve the performance of road cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Staiano
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology, Biological and Cognitive Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Samuele Marcora
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Romagnoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ulrich Kirk
- Department of Psychology, Biological and Cognitive Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Christopher Ring
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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16
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Kruse T, Shamai S, Leflerovà D, Wirth B, Heller R, Schloss N, Lehmann HC, Brakemeier S, Hagenacker T, Braumann B, Wunderlich G. Objective measurement of oral function in adults with spinal muscular atrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:103. [PMID: 37138365 PMCID: PMC10155305 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of bulbar function in adult individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) usually is not assessed by established motor scores. Measurements of oral function including quantitative muscle and endurance tests are able to detect subtle changes. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the measurement of maximum bite force and endurance, maximum tongue pressure and endurance, as well as maximum mouth opening in adult individuals with SMA types 2 and 3. METHODS Data from oral function tests in 43 individuals were analyzed. Differences in oral function between individuals with different SMA types and numbers of SMN2 copies were tested. Spearman´s rho correlations among oral function measures themselves as well as with established clinical outcome scales were analyzed. RESULTS The absolute maximum measures of oral function (maximum bite force, maximum tongue pressure, maximum mouth opening) were able to discriminate between individuals with different SMA types, individuals with a different number of SMN2 copies and with different walking abilities. The pairwise correlations of the absolute maximum measures of oral function were fair to moderate in size; the same was true for their correlations with the established motor scores. All correlations assessing endurance measures of oral function were weaker and statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Among the oral function tests maximum tongue pressure and maximum mouth opening are particulary promising as clinical and sensitive outcome measures for clinical trials. Oral function tests may supplement existing motor scores, in particular concerning specific questions about bulbar function or in severely affected non-ambulatory individuals where mild (treatment-related) changes would otherwise remain undetected. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00015842. Registered 30 July 2019, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00015842.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kruse
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Shamai
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Leflerovà
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Wirth
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Heller
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genetic Health Service NZ-Northern Hub, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland City Hospital, 90-102 Grafton Rd, Grafton, NZ-Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - N Schloss
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - H C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Brakemeier
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Braumann
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Wunderlich
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Habay J, Uylenbroeck R, Van Droogenbroeck R, De Wachter J, Proost M, Tassignon B, De Pauw K, Meeusen R, Pattyn N, Van Cutsem J, Roelands B. Interindividual Variability in Mental Fatigue-Related Impairments in Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Multiple Meta-regression. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 36808018 PMCID: PMC9941412 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative effect of mental fatigue (MF) on physical performance has recently been questioned. One reason behind this could lie in the interindividual differences in MF-susceptibility and the individual features influencing them. However, the range of individual differences in mental fatigue-susceptibility is not known, and there is no clear consensus on which individual features could be responsible for these differences. OBJECTIVE To give an overview of interindividual differences in the effects of MF on whole-body endurance performance, and individual features influencing this effect. METHODS The review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022293242). PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO were searched until the 16th of June 2022 for studies detailing the effect of MF on dynamic maximal whole-body endurance performance. Studies needed to include healthy participants, describe at least one individual feature in participant characteristics, and apply at least one manipulation check. The Cochrane crossover risk of bias tool was used to assess risk of bias. The meta-analysis and regression were conducted in R. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included, with 23 added to the meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias of the included studies was high, with only three presenting an unclear or low rating. The meta-analysis shows the effect of MF on endurance performance was on average slightly negative (g = - 0.32, [95% CI - 0.46; - 0.18], p < 0.001). The multiple meta-regression showed no significant influences of the included features (i.e. age, sex, body mass index and physical fitness level) on MF-susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The present review confirmed the negative impact of MF on endurance performance. However, no individual features influencing MF-susceptibility were identified. This can partially be explained by the multiple methodological limitations such as underreporting of participant characteristics, lack of standardization across studies, and the restricted inclusion of potentially relevant variables. Future research should include a rigorous description of multiple different individual features (e.g., performance level, diet, etc.) to further elucidate MF mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Habay
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.16499.330000 0004 0645 1099Vital Signs and Performance Monitoring Research Unit, LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.434261.60000 0000 8597 7208Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Uylenbroeck
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruben Van Droogenbroeck
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas De Wachter
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Proost
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Tassignon
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pattyn
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.16499.330000 0004 0645 1099Vital Signs and Performance Monitoring Research Unit, LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Cutsem
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.16499.330000 0004 0645 1099Vital Signs and Performance Monitoring Research Unit, LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Roelands
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Zhou K, Liu M, Wang Y, Liu H, Manor B, Bao D, Zhang L, Zhou J. Effects of molecular hydrogen supplementation on fatigue and aerobic capacity in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1094767. [PMID: 36819697 PMCID: PMC9934906 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1094767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue is oftentimes induced by high-intensity exercise potentially via the exceeded amount of reactive oxygen species, leading to diminished functions (e.g., aerobic capacity) and increased risk of injuries. Studies indicate that molecular hydrogen (H2), with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may be a promising strategy to alleviate fatigue and improve aerobic capacity. However, such effects have not been comprehensively characterized. Objective To systematically assess the effects of in taking H2 on fatigue and aerobic capacity in healthy adults. Methods The search was conducted in August 2022 in five databases. Studies with randomized controlled or crossover designs that investigated the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and endurance performance were selected. The data (mean ± standard deviation and sample size) were extracted from the included studies and were converted into the standardized mean difference (SMD). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Subgroup analysis was used to analyze potential sources of heterogeneity due to intervention period, training status, and type of exercise. Results Seventeen publications (19 studies) consisting of 402 participants were included. The pooled effect sizes of H2 on RPE (SMDpooled = -0.38, 95%CI -0.65 to -0.11, p = 0.006, I 2 = 33.6%, p = 0.149) and blood lactate (SMDpooled = -0.42, 95% CI -0.72 to -0.12, p = 0.006, I 2 = 35.6%, p = 0.114) were small yet significant with low heterogeneity. The pooled effect sizes of H2 on VO2max and VO2peak (SMDpooled = 0.09, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.29, p = 0.333, I 2 = 0%, p = 0.998) and endurance performance (SMDpooled = 0.01, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.25, p = 0.946, I 2 = 0%, p > 0.999) were not significant and trivial without heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effects of H2 on fatigue were impacted significantly by the training status (i.e., untrained and trained), period of H2 implementation, and exercise types (i.e., continuous and intermittent exercises). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides moderate evidence that H2 supplementation alleviates fatigue but does not enhance aerobic capacity in healthy adults. Systematic review registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022351559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhou
- College of Sports and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Brad Manor
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dapeng Bao ✉
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,Luyu Zhang ✉
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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de la Garanderie MP, Courtay A, Féral-Basin C, Rainville P, Gaveau J, Pageaux B. Perception of effort and the allocation of physical resources: A generalization to upper-limb motor tasks. Front Psychol 2023; 13:974172. [PMID: 36760904 PMCID: PMC9904170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The perception of effort (PE) is widely used to prescribe and monitor exercise during locomotor and resistance tasks. The present study examines the validity of PE to prescribe and monitor exercise during upper-limb motor tasks under various loads and speed requirements. Methods Forty participants volunteered in two experiments. In experiment 1, we used four PE intensities to prescribe exercise on a modified version of the box and block test (BBT) and a pointing task. We investigated the possibility of monitoring the exercise intensity by tracking changes in PE rating in response to three different tempos or additional weights. Experiment 2 replicated the possibility of prescribing the exercise with the PE intensity during the BBT and explored the impact of additional weights on performance and PE during the standardized version of the BBT. Muscle activation, heart rate, and respiratory frequencies were recorded. Results In experiment 1, increasing the PE intensity to prescribe exercise induced an increased performance between each intensity. Increasing task difficulty with faster movement tempo and adding weight on the forearm increased the rating of PE. Experiment 2 replicated the possibility to use PE intensity for exercise prescription during the BBT. When completing the BBT with an additional weight on the forearm, participants maintained performance at the cost of a higher PE. In both experiments, changes in PE were associated with changes in muscle activation. Conclusion Our results suggest that PE is a valid tool to prescribe and monitor exercise during upper-limb motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Payen de la Garanderie
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aymeric Courtay
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Féral-Basin
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérémie Gaveau
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- Espace d’Etude du Mouvement—Etienne Jules MAREY, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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A bioinspired flexible neuromuscular system based thermal-annealing-free perovskite with passivation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7427. [PMID: 36460638 PMCID: PMC9718817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-inspired electronics require artificial synapses that have ultra-low energy consumption, high operating speed, and stable flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a flexible artificial synapse that uses a rapidly crystallized perovskite layer at room temperature. The device achieves a series of synaptic functions, including logical operations, temporal and spatial rules, and associative learning. Passivation using phenethyl-ammonium iodide eliminated defects and charge traps to reduce the energy consumption to 13.5 aJ per synaptic event, which is the world record for two-terminal artificial synapses. At this ultralow energy consumption, the device achieves ultrafast response frequency of up to 4.17 MHz; which is orders of magnitude magnitudes higher than previous perovskite artificial synapses. A multi-stimulus accumulative artificial neuromuscular system was then fabricated using the perovskite synapse as a key processing unit to control electrochemical artificial muscles, and realized muscular-fatigue warning. This artificial synapse will have applications in future bio-inspired electronics and neurorobots.
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21
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Dallaway N, Lucas SJE, Ring C. Cognitive tasks elicit mental fatigue and impair subsequent physical task endurance: Effects of task duration and type. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14126. [PMID: 35726493 PMCID: PMC9786280 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although mentally fatiguing cognitive tasks can impair subsequent physical endurance, the importance of cognitive task duration and the role of response inhibition remain unclear. This study compared the effects of a serial incongruent Stroop color-classification task (i.e., with response inhibition) and N-back memory updating task (i.e., without response inhibition) on mental fatigue and subsequent rhythmic handgrip exercise. Participants (N = 90) were randomly assigned to one of three cognitive task groups (Stroop, 2-back, control) and completed four 10-min blocks of one cognitive task followed by a 5-min physical endurance task (self-paced rhythmic handgrip exercise). Heart rate, heart rate variability, electromyographic forearm activity, and force were recorded throughout along with self-reported measures of fatigue, exertion, and motivation. From the start, the Stroop and 2-back tasks elicited higher heart rate and lower heart rate variability as well as greater fatigue, effort, and interest/enjoyment than the control task. From the second block onwards, the Stroop and 2-back groups produced less force than the control group. There were no group differences in forearm muscle activity. In sum, mental fatigue was induced after performing a cognitive task for 10 mins, whereas muscular endurance was impaired after performing a cognitive task for 20 mins. That these effects were observed for both types of cognitive task indicates that response inhibition is not a necessary condition. The cognitive task duration required to induce mental fatigue and impair rhythmic handgrip endurance performance lay between the durations reported previously for isometric (a few minutes) and whole-body (half an hour) endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dallaway
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Christopher Ring
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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22
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Gentilin A, Zanini P, Cevese A, Schena F, Tarperi C. Ergogenic effects of citrulline supplementation on exercise performance and physiological indexes of exercise performance during cycling tests: A review. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Casanova F, Esteves PT, Padilha MB, Ribeiro J, Williams AM, Garganta J. The Effects of Physiological Demands on Visual Search Behaviours During 2 vs. 1 + GK Game Situations in Football: An in-situ Approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:885765. [PMID: 35712138 PMCID: PMC9196901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of physiological workload on gaze behaviour during defensive performance in 2 vs. 1 +goalkeeper game situations in football. Twenty-two players were assigned to either a high- or low-performing group based on a validated measure of tactical performance. A total of 12 game sequences (trials) were presented under high- and low-workload conditions. At the end of each sequence, participants were asked to indicate their perceived exertion using the Rating Scale of Mental Effort and the Borg Scale. The low- and high-workload conditions were defined when the players achieved 60 and 90% of their maximal heart rate, respectively, as per their performance in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test. Visual search behaviours were recorded using Tobii Pro eye-movement registration glasses. Players reported higher rates of perceived exertion on the high- compared to low-workload condition. Participants in the low-performing group increased their average fixation duration and decreased the number of fixations and number of fixation locations from the low- to high-workload conditions. The low- and high-performing groups displayed different visual search strategies with regards the areas of interest fixated upon. Participants in the high-performing group focused on the SpaceFrontPlayer, followed by Ball, and AnotherOpponent. The low-performing group spent more time focusing on the SpaceFrontPlayer and SpacePlayer than Ball and AnotherOpponent. It appears that physiological workload and tactical expertise interact in constraining visual search behaviours in football players. Coaches and practitioners should consider ways to manipulate individual and task constraints while attending to the close interplay between physiological workload, visual behaviour, and tactical performance during practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Casanova
- Football Department, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro T Esteves
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Maia, Portugal.,Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Maickel Bach Padilha
- Centre of Studies and Sport Games (CEJD), Porto, Portugal.,Football Department, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ribeiro
- Football Department, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Lusófona University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew Mark Williams
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Júlio Garganta
- Centre of Studies and Sport Games (CEJD), Porto, Portugal.,Football Department, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Mathieu B, Robineau J, Piscione J, Babault N. Concurrent Training Programming: The Acute Effects of Sprint Interval Exercise on the Subsequent Strength Training. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050075. [PMID: 35622484 PMCID: PMC9145373 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise modality has been proposed to reduce the interferences between aerobic and resistance sessions during concurrent training. The aim of the study was to examine the acute effects of cycling or running sprint interval exercise on subsequent resistance training sessions. Twenty-five competitive male rugby union players were recruited. Players were tested during three conditions: CONTROL (resistance training session only), CYCLE and RUN (corresponding to a concurrent training scheme with cycling or running sprint interval exercise conducted on the morning, followed by a resistance training session). Four hours rest was proposed between the aerobic and resistance training session. Muscle performance (bar velocity during bench press and box squat, counter movement jump height) and subjective ratings (rate of perceived exertion, wellbeing) were assessed during and after aerobic or resistance training sessions. No significant difference was observed for muscle performance (vertical jump height and bar velocity). However, significant higher perceived exertion and low-value scaled subjective wellbeing were observed in RUN (7.7 ± 1.1 and 17.9 ± 4.1, respectively) as compared with the two other conditions (6.7 ± 1.5 and 21.1 ± 3.6 for CONTROL and 7.4 ± 1.1 and 20.1 ± 3.9 for CYCLE). It was concluded that the exercise modality (running or cycling) during the aerobic exercise using a sprint interval exercise did not impact the quality of the resistance session. However, subjective ratings were affected the following days. Cycling exercises might be more adequate when performing a sprint interval training session during concurrent training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Mathieu
- French Rugby Union Federation, 3-5 rue Jean de Montaigu, 91463 Marcoussis, France; (B.M.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 3 Allée des Stades Universitaires, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Julien Robineau
- French Rugby Union Federation, 3-5 rue Jean de Montaigu, 91463 Marcoussis, France; (B.M.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Julien Piscione
- French Rugby Union Federation, 3-5 rue Jean de Montaigu, 91463 Marcoussis, France; (B.M.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 3 Allée des Stades Universitaires, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-380396743
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25
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Prigent G, Apte S, Paraschiv-Ionescu A, Besson C, Gremeaux V, Aminian K. Concurrent Evolution of Biomechanical and Physiological Parameters With Running-Induced Acute Fatigue. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814172. [PMID: 35222081 PMCID: PMC8874325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the influence of running-induced acute fatigue on the homeostasis of the body is essential to mitigate the adverse effects and optimize positive adaptations to training. Fatigue is a multifactorial phenomenon, which influences biomechanical, physiological, and psychological facets. This work aimed to assess the evolution of these three facets with acute fatigue during a half-marathon. 13 recreational runners were equipped with one inertial measurement unit (IMU) on each foot, one combined global navigation satellite system-IMU-electrocardiogram sensor on the chest, and an Android smartphone equipped with an audio recording application. Spatio-temporal parameters for the running gait, along with the heart rate, its variability and complexity were computed using validated algorithms. Perceived fatigability was assessed using the rating-of-fatigue (ROF) scale at every 10 min of the race. The data was split into eight equal segments, corresponding to at least one ROF value per segment, and only level running parts were retained for analysis. During the race, contact time, duty factor, and trunk anteroposterior acceleration increased, and the foot strike angle and vertical stiffness decreased significantly. Heart rate showed a progressive increase, while the metrics for heart rate variability and complexity decreased during the race. The biomechanical parameters showed a significant alteration even with a small change in perceived fatigue, whereas the heart rate dynamics altered at higher changes. When divided into two groups, the slower runners presented a higher change in heart rate dynamics throughout the race than the faster runners; they both showed similar trends for the gait parameters. When tested for linear and non-linear correlations, heart rate had the highest association with biomechanical parameters, while the trunk anteroposterior acceleration had the lowest association with heart rate dynamics. These results indicate the ability of faster runners to better judge their physiological limits and hint toward a higher sensitivity of perceived fatigue to neuromuscular changes in the running gait. This study highlights measurable influences of acute fatigue, which can be studied only through concurrent measurement of biomechanical, physiological, and psychological facets of running in real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gäelle Prigent
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salil Apte
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Besson
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Hanes CE, Schilling BK, Mulvenon SW, Radzak KN. Effects of Fatigue on Functional Movement Efficiency in Physically Active Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2448-2453. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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qu Y, Ji H, song W, Peng S, Zhan S, Wei LY, Chen M, Zhang D, Liu S. Anti-fatigue effect of Auxis thazard oligopeptide via modulation of AMPK/ PGC-1α pathway in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:1641-1650. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-fatigue effect and mechanism of Auxis thazard oligopeptide (ATO) were studied by exhaustive swimming in mice. The results showed that ATO could significantly prolong the exhaustive...
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28
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Babault N, Noureddine A, Amiez N, Guillemet D, Cometti C. Acute Effects of Salvia Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Athletes During a Fatiguing Cycling Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blind Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:771518. [PMID: 34926550 PMCID: PMC8671046 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.771518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Salvia (sage) supplementation has been shown to improve the cognition function in healthy individuals or patients (e.g., attention, memory). To date, no study has explored its relevancy in the context of sporting performance. The aim of this study was to explore the acute effects of a combination of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia on cognitive function in athletes performing a fatiguing cycling task. Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were included in this cross-over, randomized, double-bind vs. placebo trial. Two hours before the two experimental sessions (here called SAGE and PLACEBO), volunteers randomly received a supplementation of sage or placebo. During each experimental session, participants were tested at four occasions while cycling during a warm-up, in the middle and at the end of a fatiguing task and after a short 5-min recovery. Tests included a Stroop task, a simple reaction time task, and a backward digit span memory task. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured at the beginning of the four test sessions. Results: Heart rate was significantly greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001) without any supplementation effect. RPE was greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001). Moreover, RPE was significantly lower during the SAGE session as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002). Reaction time was not altered during the exercise but was significantly shorter with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.023). The Stroop task only revealed significantly longer reaction time during warm-up as compared to recovery (P = 0.02) independently of the supplementation. The digit span memory test revealed a significant greater span score with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.044). Conclusion: The combination of Salvia improved the cognitive functions (perceived exertion, working memory, and reaction time). The positive effects were obtained in fresh condition and were maintained with fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Babault
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.,Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Ahmad Noureddine
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.,Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Amiez
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.,Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | | | - Carole Cometti
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.,Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
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29
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van As S, Beckers DGJ, Geurts SAE, Kompier MAJ, Husain M, Veling H. The Impact of Cognitive and Physical Effort Exertion on Physical Effort Decisions: A Pilot Experiment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645037. [PMID: 34795608 PMCID: PMC8593226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that cognitive fatigue has a negative impact on physical activity participation. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are yet unclear. Using an effort-based decision-making paradigm, we examined whether individuals weigh physical effort-costs more strongly when they are cognitively or physically fatigued. Twenty university students visited the lab on three occasions. On each visit, participants underwent a manipulation that was designed to either induce cognitive fatigue (i.e., 2-back task), physical fatigue (i.e., handgrip exercise), or served as a control condition (i.e., documentary watching). After the manipulations, participants performed an effort-based decision-making task in which they decided for 125 offers whether they accepted the offer to exert the required level of physical effort to obtain rewards that varied in value. The probability to accept offers declined with increasing effort requirements whereas the general probability to accept offers was not reduced by any of the experimental conditions. As expected, the decline in accepted offers with increasing effort requirements was stronger after prolonged exertion of physical effort compared to the control condition. Unexpectedly, this effect was not found after exerting cognitive effort, and exploratory analyses revealed that the impact of physical effort exertion on physical effort-based decisions was stronger than that of cognitive effort exertion. These findings suggest that people weight future physical effort-costs more strongly after exerting physical effort, whereas we could not find any evidence for this after exerting cognitive effort. We discuss multiple explanations for this discrepancy, and outline possibilities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven van As
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Debby G J Beckers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sabine A E Geurts
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harm Veling
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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30
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Why we don't move: The importance of somatic maintenance and resting. Behav Brain Sci 2021; 44:e132. [PMID: 34588084 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x21000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A compelling ecological theory of movement and vigor must explain why humans and other animals spend so much time not moving. When we rest, our somatic maintenance systems continue to work. When our somatic maintenance requirements increase, we place greater subjective value on resting. To explain variation in movement and vigor, we must account for the subjective value of resting.
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Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189532. [PMID: 34574457 PMCID: PMC8465457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study provided a proof-of-concept and test–retest reliability of measures frequently used to assess a mental fatigue paradigm. After familiarization, 28 healthy men performed (40-min) the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) test in a test–retest design, having mental fatigue sensation, motivation, emotional arousal, total mood disturbance, and electroencephalography (EEG) in the prefrontal cortex measured before and after the test. EEG was recorded during a 3-min rest so that the power spectral density of theta (3–7 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) bands was calculated. Pre-to-post RVP test changes in psychological and physiological domains were compared (paired-T tests), and absolute (standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal difference (MD)) and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated. The RVP test induced an increase (p < 0.05) in mental fatigue sensation (120.9% (109.4; 132.4)) and total mood disturbance (3.5% (−6.3; 13.3)), and a decrease in motivation (−7.1% (−9.2; −5.1)) and emotional arousal (−16.2% (−19.1; −13.2)). Likewise, EEG theta (59.1% (33.2; 85.0); p < 0.05), but not alpha band, increased due to RVP test. All psychophysiological responses showed poor-to-moderate relative reliability. Changes in mental fatigue sensation and motivation were higher than SEM and MD, but changes in EEG theta band were higher only than SEM. Mental fatigue sensation, motivation, and EEG theta band were sensitive to distinguish a mental fatigue paradigm despite true mental fatigue effects on theta activity may be trivial.
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Impact of a Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Corticomotor Excitability after Mental Fatigue in Healthy College-Aged Subjects. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080972. [PMID: 34439591 PMCID: PMC8391817 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental Fatigue (MF) has been associated with reduced physical performance but the mechanisms underlying this result are unclear. A reduction in excitability of the corticomotor system is a way mental fatigue could negatively impact physical performance. Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse (MR) has been shown to increase corticomotor excitability. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if CHO MR impacts corticomotor excitability after MF. METHODS: Fifteen subjects (nine females, six males; age = 23 ± 1 years; height = 171 ± 2 cm; body mass = 69 ± 3 kg; BMI = 23.8 ± 0.7) completed two sessions under different MR conditions (Placebo (PLAC), 6.4% glucose (CHO)) separated by at least 48 h and applied in a double-blinded randomized fashion. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the left first dorsal interosseous (FDI) was determined by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after MF. Perceived MF was recorded before and after the MF task using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: MF was greater following PLAC (+30.4 ± 4.0 mm) than CHO (+19.4 ± 3.9 mm) (p = 0.005). MEP was reduced more following PLAC (−16.6 ± 4.4%) than CHO (−3.7 ± 4.7%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CHO MR was successful at attenuating the reduction in corticomotor excitability after MF. Carbohydrate mouth rinse may be a valuable tool at combating the negative consequences of mental fatigue.
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The effect of mental fatigue on half-marathon performance: a pragmatic trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
It is well established that mental fatigue impairs performance during lab-based endurance tests lasting less than 45 min. However, the effects of mental fatigue on longer duration endurance events and in field settings are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental fatigue on performance during a half-marathon race.
Methods
Forty-six male amateur runners (means ± SD: age 43.8 ± 8.6 years, $$\dot V{O_{2peak}}$$
V
˙
O
2
p
e
a
k
46.0 ± 4.1 ml/kg/min) completed a half-marathon after being randomly allocated to performing a 50-min mentally fatiguing task (mental fatigue group) or reading magazines for 50 min (control group). Running speed, heart rate, and perceived effort were measured during the race.
Results
Runners in the mental fatigue group completed the half-marathon approximately 4 min slower (106.2 ± 12.4 min) than those in the control group (102.4 ± 10.2 min), but this difference was not statistically significant (Cohen’s d = 0.333; p = 0.265). However, equivalence was not established [t(40.88) = 0.239, p = 0.594] and equivalence testing analysis excluded a beneficial effect of mental fatigue on half-marathon performance.
Conclusion
Due to its posttest-only design and the achievable sample size, the study did not have enough power to provide evidence that the observed 4-min increase in half-marathon time is statistically significant. However, equivalence testing suggests that mental fatigue has no beneficial effect on half-marathon performance in male amateur runners, and a harmful effect cannot be excluded. Overall, it seems prudent for endurance athletes to avoid mentally fatiguing tasks before competitions.
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Moreira A, Machado DGDS, Bikson M, Unal G, Bradley PS, Moscaleski L, Costa T, Kalil GCSG, Chao LW, Baptista AF, Morya E, Okano AH. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Professional Female Soccer Players' Recovery Following Official Matches. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1504-1529. [PMID: 34056967 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211021239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with a recovery training session on the well-being and self-perceived recovery of professional female soccer players after official matches. Data from 13 world-class players were analyzed after participating in four official soccer matches of the first division of the Brazilian Women's Soccer Championship (7-, 10-, and 13-day intervals). We applied anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with 2 mA for 20 minutes (+F3/-F4 montage) the day after each match. Participants underwent two randomly ordered sessions of a-tDCS or sham. Players completed the Well-Being Questionnaire (WBQ) and the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale before each experimental condition and again the following morning. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant time x condition interaction on the WBQ (F(1,11)=5.21; p=0.043; ηp2=0.32), but not on the TQR (F(1,12) = 0.552; p = 0.47; ηp2 = 0.044). There was a large effect size (ES) for a-tDCS for the WBQ score (ES = 1.02; 95%CI = 0.17;1.88), and there was a moderate WBQ score increase (ES = 0.53; 95%CI = -0.29;1.34) for the sham condition. We found similar increases in the TQR score for a-tDCS (ES = 1.50; 95%CI = 0.63-2.37) and the sham condition (ES = 1.36; 95%CI = 0.51-2.22). These results suggest that a-tDCS (+F3/-F4 montage) combined with a recovery training session may slightly improve perceived well-being beyond the level of improvement after only the recovery training session among world-class female soccer players. Prior to widely adopting this recovery approach, further study is needed with larger and more diverse samples, including for female teams of different performance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/ CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, United States
| | - Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, United States
| | - Paul S Bradley
- Research Institute of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Luciane Moscaleski
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/ CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taline Costa
- Sports Medicine Department, Sport Clube Corinthians Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella C S G Kalil
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liaw W Chao
- Centro de Acupuntura, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia - HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abrahão F Baptista
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 54 (LIM-54), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/ CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/ CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Okano
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN/ CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bhati P, Singla D, Masood S, Hussain ME. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Manifest Greater Muscle Fatigability Than Healthy Individuals During Dynamic Fatigue Protocol. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2021; 44:205-220. [PMID: 33902943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the electromyographic (EMG) indices of muscle fatigue along with biochemical marker of fatigue-that is, blood lactate-during a dynamic fatigue protocol in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vs a healthy control group. Secondarily, it aimed to examine the association between EMG indices of muscle fatigue and blood lactate in these patients. METHODS Thirty-four participants took part in the study: 19 individuals with T2DM (age, 53.5 ± 6.85 years) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (age, 50.2 ± 3.55 years). Participants performed a dynamic fatigue protocol consisting of 5 sets of 10 repetitions each at an intensity of the 10-repetition maximum. Surface EMG of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles was recorded during the dynamic fatigue protocol, and EMG indices such as median frequency (MF), slope of MF (MFslope), Dimitrov muscle fatigue spectral index, and root-mean-square were evaluated for each contraction across all the 5 sets. Blood lactate concentrations were also assessed 3 times during the fatigue protocol. RESULTS Findings revealed that EMG muscle fatigue indices such as MF, MFslope, and Dimitrov muscle fatigue spectral index were significantly altered in individuals with T2DM vs healthy individuals across the sets and repetitions for both the vastus medialis (P < .001) and vastus lateralis muscles (P < .001). There was a significantly greater rise in blood lactate in individuals with T2DM than in healthy individuals (P < .001), which was not found to be associated with changes in EMG indices of muscle fatigue. CONCLUSION Findings suggest the existence of significantly greater fatigue in the knee extensor muscles of individuals with T2DM than healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505, India
| | - Deepika Singla
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505, India
| | - Sarfaraz Masood
- Professor and Dean, Faculty of Physiotherapy & Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505, India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505, India.
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Behm DG, Alizadeh S, Hadjizedah Anvar S, Hanlon C, Ramsay E, Mahmoud MMI, Whitten J, Fisher JP, Prieske O, Chaabene H, Granacher U, Steele J. Non-local Muscle Fatigue Effects on Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1893-1907. [PMID: 33818751 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SEARCH AND INCLUSION A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants. RESULTS The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q(277) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I2 = 67.4%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Saman Hadjizedah Anvar
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Courtney Hanlon
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Emma Ramsay
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Whitten
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - James P Fisher
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK.,Ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
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Fullerton MM, Passfield L, MacInnis MJ, Iannetta D, Murias JM. Prior exercise impairs subsequent performance in an intensity- and duration-dependent manner. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:976-985. [PMID: 33641346 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prior constant-load exercise performed for 30-min at or above maximal lactate steady state (MLSSp) significantly impairs subsequent time-to-task failure (TTF) compared with TTF performed without prior exercise. We tested the hypothesis that TTF would decrease in relation to the intensity and the duration of prior exercise compared with a baseline TTF trial. Eleven individuals (6 males, 5 females, aged 28 ± 8 yrs) completed the following tests on a cycle ergometer (randomly assigned after MLSSp was determined): (i) a ramp-incremental test; (ii) a baseline TTF trial performed at 80% of peak power (TTFb); (iii) five 30-min constant-PO rides at 5% below lactate threshold (LT-5%), halfway between LT and MLSSp (Delta50), 5% below MLSSp (MLSS-5%), MLSSp, and 5% above MLSSp (MLSS+5%); and (iv) 15- and 45-min rides at MLSSp (MLSS15 and MLSS45, respectively). Each condition was immediately followed by a TTF trial at 80% of peak power. Compared with TTFb (330 ± 52 s), there was 8.0 ± 24.1, 23.6 ± 20.2, 41.0 ± 14.8, 52.2 ± 18.9, and 75.4 ± 7.4% reduction in TTF following LT-5%, Delta50, MLSS-5%, MLSSp, and MLSS+5%, respectively. Following MLSS15 and MLSS45 there were 29.0 ± 20.1 and 69.4 ± 19.6% reductions in TTF, respectively (P < 0.05). It is concluded that TTF is reduced following prior exercise of varying duration at MLSSp and at submaximal intensities below MLSS. Novelty: Prior constant-PO exercise, performed at intensities below MLSSp, reduces subsequent TTF performance. Subsequent TTF performance is reduced in a linear fashion following an increase in the duration of constant-PO exercise at MLSSp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Passfield
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danilo Iannetta
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Bertuzzi R, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Couto PG, Azevedo RDA, Coelho DB, Zagatto A, Lima-Silva AE, Millet GY. Prior Upper Body Exercise Impairs 4-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance Without Altering Neuromuscular Function. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:52-62. [PMID: 32023177 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1708844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of previous exhaustive upper body exercise on performance and neuromuscular fatigue following a 4-km cycling time-trial (4-km TT). Methods: Eight recreational cyclists performed a 4-km TT with (ARMPRE) or without (CONTR) a previous arm-crank maximal incremental test. In each experimental session, neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated with a series of electrically evoked and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC). Oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O2), heart rate, electromyographic muscle activity (EMGRMS) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also recorded throughout the 4-km TT. Results: The average power output during the 4-km TT was reduced (P = .027) for the ARMPRE (299 ± 59 W) group, compared with CONTR (310 ± 59 W) and overall performance in 4-km TT was impaired (P = .021) in ARMPRE (382 ± 28 s) compared with CONTR (376 ± 27 s). The decrease observed in MVC (P = .033) and potentiated peak twitch force (P = .004) at post-TT were similar between the ARMPRE and CONTR conditions (P = .739 and P = .493, respectively). There was no (P = .619) change in voluntary activation at post-TT between conditions. V ˙ O2, EMGRMS and RPE measured throughout the 4-km TT were not significantly different between the conditions (P = .558, P = .558 and P = .940, respectively). The rate of RPE change relative to power output average and heart rate was higher (P = .030 and P = .013, respectively) in ARMPRE (0.031 ± 0.018 AU/W and 168 ± 8 bpm) than CONTR (0.022 ± 0.010 AU/W and 161 ± 7 bpm). Conclusion: These results suggest that impaired performance in ARMPRE was mostly due to pronounced perception of effort rather than neuromuscular fatigue.
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Alix-Fages C, Romero-Arenas S, Calderón-Nadal G, Jerez-Martínez A, Pareja-Blanco F, Colomer-Poveda D, Márquez G, Garcia-Ramos A. Transcranial direct current stimulation and repeated sprint ability: No effect on sprint performance or ratings of perceived exertion. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:569-578. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1883124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alix-Fages
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Romero-Arenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Calderón-Nadal
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Jerez-Martínez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - David Colomer-Poveda
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Márquez
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Diotaiuti P, Corrado S, Mancone S, Falese L. Resilience in the Endurance Runner: The Role of Self-Regulatory Modes and Basic Psychological Needs. Front Psychol 2021; 11:558287. [PMID: 33488440 PMCID: PMC7815764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.558287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance sports certainly require an important and delicate task of mental and physical reintegration from the impact of the fatigue induced by the exertion of the sport performance. The topic of the resilience of athletes has been the theme of numerous studies, however, there are few specific works on the psychological resilience of runners. Our study aimed to investigate Resilience in Endurance Runner related to the role of Self-Regulation Modes and Basic Psychological Needs. Especially, the aim of our work was presenting a model where the gratification of the Needs of Autonomy and Competence and the level of Locomotion were the predictors of the two main components of Richardson's resilience: Homeostatic and Resilient Reintegration. The present study involved 750 endurance runners, members of the Fidal (Italian Athletics Federation). A SEM analysis was performed combining into one explanatory model the following variables: Autonomy and Competence Satisfaction, Self-Regulatory Locomotion Mode, Homeostatic and Resilient Reintegration. The model showed overall acceptable fit measurements: χ2 = 872.152; CFI = 0.966; TLI = 0.952; RMSEA = 0.058. Results indicated that BPNs and SRMs are predictors of the level of resilience in endurance running athletes. In particular, Resilient Reintegration was mainly affected by Locomotion Mode (β = 0.379 for p < 0.005), which in turn received a major influence from Autonomy Satisfaction (β = 0.574 for p < 0.001). Homeostatic Recovery was found to be affected by Competence Satisfaction (β = 0.489 for p < 0.001). The study pointed out the importance of supporting in endurance runners the gratification of the needs of Autonomy and Competence as key factors capable of enhancing perseverance, timely recovery and psychophysical balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefano Corrado
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancone
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Lavinia Falese
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
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Jacquet T, Lepers R, Poulin-Charronnat B, Bard P, Pfister P, Pageaux B. Mental fatigue induced by prolonged motor imagery increases perception of effort and the activity of motor areas. Neuropsychologia 2020; 150:107701. [PMID: 33276035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that when prolonged, motor imagery (MI) induces mental fatigue and negatively impacts subsequent physical exercise. The aim of this study was to confirm this possibility with neurophysiological and self-reported measures. Thirteen participants performed 200 imagined isometric knee extension contractions (Prolonged MI condition) or watched a documentary (Control condition), and then performed 150 actual isometric knee extensions. Electroencephalography was continuously recorded to obtain motor-related cortical potential amplitude at Cz electrode (MRCP, index of motor area activity) for each imagined and actual contraction. Electromyography of the vastus lateralis muscle as well as the perceived effort required to perform prolonged MI, watch the documentary, and perform the actual contractions were measured. During prolonged MI, mental fatigue level, the effort required to imagine the contractions and MRCP amplitude increased over time. The increase in the effort required to imagine the contractions was significantly correlated with the MRCP amplitude. During the physical exercise, a significant condition × time interaction revealed a greater increase over time in perceived effort in the prolonged MI condition compared to the control condition, as well as a specific alteration in EMG RMS of the vastus lateralis muscle. These alterations observed in the presence of mental fatigue during actual contractions, combined with those observed during prolonged MI, suggest that prolonged MI may impair the motor command required to perform imagined or actual contractions. While the observed effect of mental fatigue on MRCP amplitude was clear during MI, future studies should tailor the physical exercise to minimize the exercise-induced decrease in force production capacity and control for its confounding effects on MRCP amplitude in the presence of mental fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacquet
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France.
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences Du Sport, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | | | - Patrick Bard
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Philippe Pfister
- LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences Du Sport, Dijon, F-21000, France; Ecole de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Williamson JR, Heaton KJ, Lammert A, Finkelstein K, Sturim D, Smalt C, Ciccarelli G, Quatieri TF. Audio, Visual, and Electrodermal Arousal Signals as Predictors of Mental Fatigue Following Sustained Cognitive Work. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:832-836. [PMID: 33018114 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lapses in vigilance and slowed reactions due to mental fatigue can increase risk of accidents and injuries and degrade performance. This paper describes a method for rapid, unobtrusive detection of mental fatigue based on changes in electrodermal arousal (EDA), and changes in neuromotor coordination derived from speaking. Twenty-nine Soldiers completed a 2-hour battery of cognitive tasks intended to induce fatigue. Behavioral markers derived from audio and video during speech were acquired before and after the 2hour cognitive load tasks, as was EDA. Exposure to cognitive load produced detectable increases in neuromotor variability in speech and facial measures after load and even after a recovery period. A Gaussian mixture model classifier with crossvalidation and fusion across speech, video, and EDA produced an accuracy of AUC=0.99 in detecting a change in cognitive fatigue relative to a personalized baseline.
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Queiros VSD, Dantas M, Fortes LDS, Silva LFD, Silva GMD, Dantas PMS, Cabral BGDAT. Mental Fatigue Reduces Training Volume in Resistance Exercise: A Cross-Over and Randomized Study. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:409-423. [PMID: 32962539 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520958935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of mental fatigue (MF) on total training volume (TTV; number of repetitions x number of sets x load) and on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg, 1982) in the half-back squat exercise (HBSE). Nine male subjects (M age = 22.6 years, SD = 2.3; M height = 172.3 cm, SD = 6.8; M weight = 76.2 kg, SD = 9.8; M years of resistance training experience = 4.1, SD = 2.3 years) recruited from a university population were study participants in this participant-blind cross-over and randomized study. Participants underwent either the Stroop task - a highly demanding cognitive task (CT) - or a control condition (CON) in which they viewed a documentary exhibition for 30 minutes. Perception of MF and motivation were assessed after treatments using a visual analog scale of 100 mm. Participants then engaged in a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and three sets of HBSE until they reached momentary concentric failure, reporting RPE at the end of each exercise set. Following the CT, participants showed a significantly increased self-perception of MF in relation to the CON condition (p = 0.01; d = 1.2), but this did not affect their motivation to engage in subsequent tests (p = 0.99; d = 0.006). Neither the CMJ performances nor the RPE were statistically different between CT and CON conditions (p = 0.33; d = 0.09 and p = 0.20; η2 = 0.20, respectively). TTV was significantly lower in the CT relative to the CON experimental condition (Δ = -15.8%; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.48). Prolonged involvement in a CT was associated with reduced volume on a resistance exercise, though this effect was not associated with changes in CMJ performance or motivation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Dantas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Felipe da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Gilson Mendes da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Maurício de Nassau University Center, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
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The Ability of Runners to Identify Spatial and Temporal Variables of Speed During Endurance Running. Motor Control 2020; 24:499-511. [PMID: 32732452 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2019-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate spatial and temporal perception in endurance runners as a mechanism of pacing control in comparison with other athletes (soccer players). A group of 38 endurance runners and 32 soccer players participated in this study. Runners displayed lower time differences and lower error than soccer players. Taking the athletic levels of endurance runners into consideration, significant differences (p = .011, Cohen's d = 1.042) were found in the time differences (higher level group = 33.43 ± 29.43 vs. lower level group = 123.53 ±102.61). Significant correlations were found between time differences and performance in a Cooper test (r = -.546) and with the best time in a half marathon (r = .597). Temporal and spatial perception can be considered as a cognitive skill of endurance runners.
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Greenhouse-Tucknott A, Wrightson JG, Raynsford M, Harrison NA, Dekerle J. Interactions between perceptions of fatigue, effort, and affect decrease knee extensor endurance performance following upper body motor activity, independent of changes in neuromuscular function. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13602. [PMID: 32578885 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior exercise has previously been shown to impair subsequent endurance performance in non-activated muscles. Declines in the neuromuscular function and altered perceptual/affective responses offer possible mechanisms through which endurance performance may be limited in these remote muscle groups. We thus conducted two experiments to better understand these performance-limiting mechanisms. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of prior handgrip exercise on the behavioral, perceptual, and affective responses to a sustained, sub-maximal contraction of the knee extensors. In the second experiment, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors before and after the handgrip exercise. The results of the first experiment demonstrated prior handgrip exercise increased the perceptions of effort and reduced affective valence during the subsequent knee extensor endurance exercise. Both effort and affect were associated with endurance performance. Subjective ratings of fatigue were also increased by the preceding handgrip exercise but were not directly related to knee extensor endurance performance. However, perceptions of fatigue were correlated with heightened effort perception and reduced affect during the knee extensor contraction. In the second experiment, prior handgrip exercise did not significantly alter the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors. The findings of the present study indicate that motor performance in the lower limbs following demanding exercise in the upper body appears to be regulated by complex, cognitive-emotional interactions, which may emerge independent of altered neuromuscular function. Subjective fatigue states are implicated in the control of perceptual and affective processes responsible for the regulation of endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J G Wrightson
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Raynsford
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - N A Harrison
- Immunopsychiatry Research Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - J Dekerle
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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The Acute Effect of Mental Fatigue on Badminton Performance in Elite Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:632-638. [PMID: 31968307 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have examined the effect of MF on sport performance, but no studies have been conducted on badminton performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of mental fatigue (MF) on badminton performance in elite players. METHODS In total, 19 elite Danish badminton players completed 2 test days in randomized order, separated by 48 h. On day 1, to elicit MF, a 60-min incongruent Stroop task was performed. On day 2, 60 min of an emotionally neutral documentary was used for the control condition. After either condition, subjects performed a badminton-specific test (BST) where performance time was measured, as well as countermovement-jump height, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and lactate. Psychological questionnaires were answered under both conditions. RESULTS Subjects were significantly more mentally fatigued (P = .002) after the Stroop intervention than in the control. No differences between conditions were detected in the BST (control 32.43 [1.96] vs MF 32.43 [2.36] s; P = .99, Student t test). In addition, no effect of condition (P = .64), time (P = .14), or condition × time (P = .87) was found (2-way analysis of variance). Furthermore, no differences in heart rate, countermovement jump, or rating of perceived exertion were observed between conditions. Lactate showed no effect of condition (P = .46). CONCLUSION Despite being more mentally fatigued after the Stroop test than in the control condition, performance was not negatively affected during a BST. In addition, no differences in physiological measures were observed.
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The ergogenic activity of cider vinegar: A randomized cross-over, double-blind, clinical trial. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:38-43. [PMID: 35783333 PMCID: PMC9219283 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was designed to compare the endurance capacity (ergogenic property) in healthy athletes after consumption of apple cider vinegar (ACV) and a commercial sports drink (CSD) before and during endurance exercise. Fourteen healthy participants were enrolled in this trial and were divided into two groups as ACV and CSD with seven participants in each. Participants were requested to consume 500 mL of either commercial ACV or CSD 1 h before endurance exercise (bicycle ergometer). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 0, 20, 40, 60 min until exhaustion to assess glucose, lactate, ammonia and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Respiratory exchange rate (RER) score was measured every 15 min and the heart rate (HR) was measured every 5 min. The outcome of the present trial clearly showed that no significant differences were observed between ACV and CSD except in the blood level of ammonia (only at exhaustion time). Thus, these results show that ACV and the CSD both possessing the ergogenic property, enhanced blood glucose, NEFA, and suppress the production of lactate as well as maintains normal RER score, and HR throughout the endurance exercise. Overall this trial showcases that ACV did not significantly improve the ergogenic activity over the CSD.
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Poirier G, Papaxanthis C, Mourey F, Gaveau J. Motor Planning of Vertical Arm Movements in Healthy Older Adults: Does Effort Minimization Persist With Aging? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:37. [PMID: 32161533 PMCID: PMC7052522 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several sensorimotor modifications are known to occur with aging, possibly leading to adverse outcomes such as falls. Recently, some of those modifications have been proposed to emerge from motor planning deteriorations. Motor planning of vertical movements is thought to engage an internal model of gravity to anticipate its mechanical effects on the body-limbs and thus to genuinely produce movements that minimize muscle effort. This is supported, amongst other results, by direction-dependent kinematics where relative durations to peak accelerations and peak velocity are shorter for upward than for downward movements. The present study compares the motor planning of fast and slow vertical arm reaching movements between 18 young (24 ± 3 years old) and 17 older adults (70 ± 5 years old). We found that older participants still exhibit strong directional asymmetries (i.e., differences between upward and downward movements), indicating that optimization processes during motor planning persist with healthy aging. However, the size of these differences was increased in older participants, indicating that gravity-related motor planning changes with age. We discuss this increase as the possible result of an overestimation of gravity torque or increased weight of the effort cost in the optimization process. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that feedforward processes and, more precisely, optimal motor planning, remain active with healthy aging.
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Weakley J, McLaren S, Ramirez-Lopez C, García-Ramos A, Dalton-Barron N, Banyard H, Mann B, Weaving D, Jones B. Application of velocity loss thresholds during free-weight resistance training: Responses and reproducibility of perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular outcomes. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:477-485. [PMID: 31868099 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1706831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences and long-term reliability in perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular responses to velocity loss resistance training protocols. Using a repeated, counterbalanced, crossover design, twelve team-sport athletes completed 5-sets of barbell back-squats at a load corresponding to a mean concentric velocity of ~0.70 m·s-1. On different days, repetitions were performed until a 10%, 20% or 30% velocity loss was attained, with outcome measures collected after each set. Sessions were repeated after four-weeks. There were substantial between-protocol differences in post-set differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE, i.e., breathlessness and leg muscles, AU) and blood lactate concentration (B[La], mmol·L-1), such that 30%>20%>10% by small to large magnitudes. Differences in post-set countermovement jump (CMJ) variables were small for most variables, such that 30%<20%<10%. Standard deviations representing four-week variability of post-set responses to each protocol were: dRPE, 8-11; B[La], 0.8-1.0; CMJ height, 1.6-2.0; CMJ PPO, 1.0-1.8; CMJ PCV, 0.04-0.06; CMJ 100ms-Impulse, 5.7-11.9. Velocity loss thresholds control the magnitude of perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular responses to resistance training. For practitioners wanting to reliably prescribe training that can induce a given perceptual, metabolic, or neuromuscular response, it is strongly advised that velocity-based thresholds are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Weakley
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Campus University, Brisbane, Australia.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Shaun McLaren
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Carlos Ramirez-Lopez
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nick Dalton-Barron
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Harry Banyard
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryan Mann
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK.,The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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A peptide isolated from Hippocampus abdominalis improves exercise performance and exerts anti-fatigue effects via AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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