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Bartsch BL, Whitaker AA, Oloyede S, Waghmare S, Billinger SA. Feasibility of a Recumbent Stepper for Short-Interval, Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther 2024:01253086-990000000-00069. [PMID: 38913833 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies investigating high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in stroke typically emphasize treadmill training. However, a literature review suggested that seated devices such as a recumbent stepper or cycle offer a promising alternative for HIIE since exercise can be prescribed using peak power output (PPO). Therefore, this would give health care professionals the ability to monitor and adapt power output for the target heart rate range. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the feasibility of prescribing short-interval, low-volume HIIE using PPO in chronic stroke. METHODS We used several methods to test feasibility: (1)Acceptability: Measured by the percentage of participants who completed the entire HIIE protocol; (2) Implementation was assessed by the number of reported cardiac or serious adverse events during submaximal exercise testing and HIIE and the average percentage of participants reaching vigorous intensity, defined by the American College of Sports Medicine as at least 77% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (HR max ). RESULTS Data were available for 28 participants who were 32.2 (17.2) months post-stroke and 61.4 (11.9) years of age. Twenty-eight participants completed HIIE per protocol. No cardiac or serious adverse events occurred during the submaximal exercise test or during HIIE. The rapid switching between HIIE and recovery showed no evidence of blood pressure reaching unsafe thresholds. Average intensity during HIIE reached 76.8% HR max , which is slightly below the target of 77.0%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A single bout of short-interval, low-volume HIIE, prescribed using PPO, was feasible in chronic stroke. Video Abstract : Available for more insights from the authors (Supplemental Digital Content, Video, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A474 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bria L Bartsch
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (B.L.B., S.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (B.L.B., S.O., S.W., S.A.B.); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.A.W.); Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.A.W.); University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas (S.A.B.); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.A.B.); and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.A.B)
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Boruch AE, Barhorst EE, Rayne TJ, Roberge GA, Brukardt SM, Leitel ZT, Coe CL, Fleshner M, Falvo MJ, Cook DB, Lindheimer JB. Exercise does not cause post-exertional malaise in Veterans with Gulf War Illness: A randomized, controlled, dose-response, crossover study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:221-230. [PMID: 38777281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic multisymptom illnesses (CMI) such as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Long-COVID, and Gulf War Illness (GWI) are associated with an elevated risk of post-exertional malaise (PEM), an acute exacerbation of symptoms and other related outcomes following exercise. These individuals may benefit from personalized exercise prescriptions which prioritize risk minimization, necessitating a better understanding of dose-response effects of exercise intensity on PEM. METHODS Veterans with GWI (n = 40) completed a randomized controlled crossover experiment comparing 20 min of seated rest to light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity cycling conditions over four separate study visits. Symptoms, pain sensitivity, cognitive performance, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and plasma cytokines) were measured before and within 1 h after exercise and seated rest. Physical activity behavior was measured ≥ 7 days following each study visit via actigraphy. Linear mixed effects regression models tested the central hypothesis that higher intensity exercise would elicit greater exacerbation of negative outcomes, as indicated by a significant condition-by-time interaction for symptom, pain sensitivity, cognitive performance, and inflammatory marker models and a significant main effect of condition for physical activity models. RESULTS Significant condition-by-time interactions were not observed for primary or secondary measures of symptoms, pain sensitivity, cognitive performance, and a majority of inflammatory markers. Similarly, a significant effect of condition was not observed for primary or secondary measures of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Undesirable effects such as symptom exacerbation were observed for some participants, but the group-level risk of PEM following light-, moderate-, or vigorous-intensity exercise was no greater than seated rest. These findings challenge several prior views about PEM and lend support to a broader body of literature showing that the benefits of exercise outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Boruch
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Gunnar A Roberge
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Zoie T Leitel
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Falvo
- VA Airborne Hazards and Burn Pits Center of Excellence, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Dane B Cook
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacob B Lindheimer
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Whitaker AA, Waghmare S, Montgomery RN, Aaron SE, Eickmeyer SM, Vidoni ED, Billinger SA. Lower middle cerebral artery blood velocity during low-volume high-intensity interval exercise in chronic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:627-640. [PMID: 37708242 PMCID: PMC11197145 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231201472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIE) may present unique challenges to the cerebrovascular system in individuals post-stroke. We hypothesized lower middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) in individuals post-stroke: 1) during 10 minutes of HIIE, 2) immediately following HIIE, and 3) 30 minutes after HIIE, compared to age- and sex-matched controls (CON). We used a recumbent stepper submaximal exercise test to determine workloads for high-intensity and active recovery. Our low volume HIIE protocol consisted of 1-minute intervals for 10 minutes. During HIIE, we measured MCAv, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2). We assessed carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness. Fifty participants completed the study (25 post-stroke, 76% ischemic, 32% moderate disability). Individuals post-stroke had lower MCAv during HIIE compared to CON (p = 0.03), which remained 30 minutes after HIIE. Individuals post-stroke had greater arterial stiffness (p = 0.01) which was moderately associated with a smaller MCAv responsiveness during HIIE (r = -0.44). No differences were found for MAP, HR, and PETCO2. This study suggests individuals post-stroke had a lower MCAv during HIIE compared to their peers, which remained during recovery up to 30 minutes. Arterial stiffness may contribute to the lower cerebrovascular responsiveness post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicen A Whitaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Saniya Waghmare
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robert N Montgomery
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Stacey E Aaron
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sarah M Eickmeyer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Valenzuela PL, Rivas-Baeza B, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. Exerkine response to acute exercise: Still much to discover. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024:S2095-2546(24)00056-5. [PMID: 38615711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28871, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
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Whitaker AA, Aaron SE, Chertoff M, Brassard P, Buchanan J, Nguyen K, Vidoni ED, Waghmare S, Eickmeyer SM, Montgomery RN, Billinger SA. Lower dynamic cerebral autoregulation following acute bout of low-volume high-intensity interval exercise in chronic stroke compared to healthy adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:707-720. [PMID: 38357728 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00635.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating arterial blood pressure during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) may challenge dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), specifically after stroke after an injury to the cerebrovasculature. We hypothesized that dCA would be attenuated at rest and during a sit-to-stand transition immediately after and 30 min after HIIE in individuals poststroke compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects (CON). HIIE switched every minute between 70% and 10% estimated maximal watts for 10 min. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) were recorded. dCA was quantified during spontaneous fluctuations in MAP and MCAv via transfer function analysis. For sit-to-stand, time delay before an increase in cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi = MCAv/MAP), rate of regulation, and % change in MCAv and MAP were measured. Twenty-two individuals poststroke (age 60 ± 12 yr, 31 ± 16 mo) and twenty-four CON (age 60 ± 13 yr) completed the study. Very low frequency (VLF) gain (P = 0.02, η2 = 0.18) and normalized gain (P = 0.01, η2 = 0.43) had a group × time interaction, with CON improving after HIIE whereas individuals poststroke did not. Individuals poststroke had lower VLF phase (P = 0.03, η2 = 0.22) after HIIE compared with CON. We found no differences in the sit-to-stand measurement of dCA. Our study showed lower dCA during spontaneous fluctuations in MCAv and MAP following HIIE in individuals poststroke compared with CON, whereas the sit-to-stand response was maintained.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides novel insights into poststroke dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) following an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). In people after stroke, dCA appears attenuated during spontaneous fluctuations in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) following HIIE. However, the dCA response during a single sit-to-stand transition after HIIE showed no significant difference from controls. These findings suggest that HIIE may temporarily challenge dCA after exercise in individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicen A Whitaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stacey E Aaron
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Mark Chertoff
- Department of Hearing and Speech, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jake Buchanan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Katherine Nguyen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, United States
| | - Saniya Waghmare
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Sarah M Eickmeyer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Robert N Montgomery
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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Puerto Valencia LM, He Y, Wippert PM. The changes of blood-based inflammatory biomarkers after non-pharmacologic interventions for chronic low back pain: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:209. [PMID: 38459458 PMCID: PMC10921684 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, leading to significant challenges to both patients and the governmental healthcare system. Non-pharmacologic interventions have received increasing attention as potential strategies to alleviate chronic low back pain and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively assess the changes in blood inflammatory biomarkers after non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP patients, thus trying to understand the complex interactions between non-pharmacologic interventions and inflammatory biomarker changes in CLBP. METHODS A thorough search (from January 1st, 2002 to October 5th, 2022) of PubMed, Medline (platform Web of Science), and the Cochrane Library (platform Wiley Online Library) were conducted, and inclusion criteria as well as exclusion criteria were refined to selection of the studies. Rigorous assessments of study quality were performed using RoB 2 from Cochrane or an adaptation of the Downs and Black checklist. Data synthesis includes alterations in inflammatory biomarkers after various non-pharmacologic interventions, including exercise, acupressure, neuro-emotional technique, and other modalities. RESULTS Thirteen primary studies were included in this systematic review, eight randomized controlled trials, one quasi-randomized trial, and four before-after studies. The interventions studied consisted of osteopathic manual treatment (one study), spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) (three studies), exercise (two studies), yoga (two studies) and acupressure (two studies), neuro-emotional technique (one study), mindfulness-based (one study) and balneotherapy study (one study). Four studies reported some changes in the inflammatory biomarkers compared to the control group. Decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after osteopathic manual treatment (OMT), neuro-emotional technique (NET), and yoga. Decreased interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and c-reactive protein (CRP) after NET, and increased IL-4 after acupressure. Another five studies found changes in inflammatory biomarkers through pre- and post-intervention comparisons, indicating improvement outcomes after intervention. Increased IL-10 after balneotherapy; decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, Interferon-gamma, interferon-γ-induced protein 10-γ-induced protein 10 after exercise; decreased IL-6 after exercise and SMT; decreased CRP and chemokine ligand 3 after SMT. CONCLUSION Results suggest a moderation of inflammatory biomarkers due to different non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP, generally resulting in decreased pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 as well as increased anti-inflammatory markers such as IL-4, thus revealing the inhibition of inflammatory processes by different non-pharmacologic interventions. However, a limited number of high-quality studies evaluating similar interventions and similar biomarkers limits the conclusion of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yangyang He
- Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg [joint Faculty, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg], Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Pia-Maria Wippert
- Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg [joint Faculty, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg], Brandenburg, Germany.
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Gross KN, Harty PS, Krieger JM, Mumford PW, Sunderland KL, Hagele AM, Kerksick CM. Milk or Kefir, in Comparison to Water, Do Not Enhance Running Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Master Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:717. [PMID: 38474845 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a placebo (PLA). KFR supplementation occurred for 14 days before the KFR-testing day, followed by a 3-week washout period. Testing visits consisted of an exhausting-exercise (EE) bout, a 4-h rest period where additional carbohydrate feeding was provided, and a treadmill 5 km time trial (TT). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) survey was assessed at four timepoints. Blood was collected at baseline and after the TT and was analyzed for I-FABP levels. No significant difference (PLA: 33:39.1 ± 6:29.0 min, KFR: 33:41.1 ± 5:44.4 min, and MLK: 33:36.2 ± 6:40.5 min, p = 0.99) was found between the groups in TT performance. The KFR GSRS total score was significantly lower than the PLA after EE (p = 0.005). No differences in I-FABP were observed between conditions. In conclusion, acute KFR supplementation did not impact TT performance or I-FABP levels but may have reduced subjective GI symptoms surrounding exercise when compared to MLK or PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Gross
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Patrick S Harty
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Joesi M Krieger
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Petey W Mumford
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Kyle L Sunderland
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Anthony M Hagele
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Chad M Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
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Fontvieille A, Parent-Roberge H, Fülöp T, Pavic M, Riesco E. The Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Impact of Aerobic Training on Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Conceptual Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:990. [PMID: 38473351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and persistent issue affecting cancer patients, with a broad impact on their quality of life even years after treatment completion. The precise mechanisms underlying CRF remain elusive, yet its multifaceted nature involves emotional, physical, and cognitive dimensions. The absence of effective medical treatments has prompted researchers to explore integrative models for potential insights. Notably, physical exercise emerges as a promising strategy for managing CRF and related symptoms, as studies showed a reduction in CRF ranging from 19% to 40%. Current recommendations highlight aerobic training at moderate intensity as beneficial, although questions about a dose-response relationship and the importance of exercise intensity persist. Despite the positive impact of exercise on CRF, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This review aims to provide a theoretical model explaining how aerobic exercise may alleviate CRF. Focusing on acute exercise effects, this review delves into the potential influence on peripheral and neural inflammation, immune function dysregulation, and neuroendocrine system disruptions. The objective is to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between exercise and CRF, ultimately paving the way for tailored interventions and potential pharmacological treatments for individuals unable to engage in physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Fontvieille
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugo Parent-Roberge
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Tamás Fülöp
- Research Centre on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Pavic
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Symonds ME, Noori Mofrad SR, Liu Y, Korivi M. Impact of Exercise in Hypoxia on Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:50. [PMID: 37382855 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both acute exercise and environmental hypoxia may elevate inflammatory cytokines, but the inflammatory response in the hypoxic exercise is remaining unknown. OBJECTIVE We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of exercise in hypoxia on inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify the original articles that compared the effect of exercise in hypoxia with normoxia on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 changes, published up to March 2023. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effect model to (1) determine the effect of exercise in hypoxia, (2) determine the effect of exercise in normoxia and (3) compare the effect of exercise in hypoxia with normoxia on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 responses. RESULTS Twenty-three studies involving 243 healthy, trained and athlete subjects with a mean age range from 19.8 to 41.0 years were included in our meta-analysis. On comparing exercise in hypoxia with normoxia, no differences were found in the response of IL-6 [0.17 (95% CI - 0.08 to 0.43), p = 0.17] and TNF-α [0.17 (95% CI - 0.10 to 0.46), p = 0.21] between the conditions. Exercise in hypoxia significantly increased IL-10 concentration [0.60 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.03), p = 0.006] compared with normoxia. In addition, exercise during both hypoxia and normoxia increased IL-6 and IL-10, whereas TNF-α was increased only in hypoxic exercise condition. CONCLUSION Overall, exercise in both hypoxia and normoxia increased inflammatory cytokines; however, hypoxic exercise may lead to a greater inflammatory response in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Saeid Reza Noori Mofrad
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Yubo Liu
- Institute of Human Movement and Sports Engineering, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Institute of Human Movement and Sports Engineering, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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Yu Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Li Y, Bian S, Yang Y, Song H, Zhang C, Dong Z, Li G, Xu L, Jia Z, Liu Y, He X, Yang M, Guo J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Single-cell sequencing of immune cells after marathon and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise. iScience 2023; 26:106532. [PMID: 37123249 PMCID: PMC10130917 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity, such as marathon, has become increasingly popular, but its effect on immune functions and health is poorly understood. Here, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after a bout of symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test or marathon. Time-series single-cell analysis revealed the detailed series of landscapes of immune cells in response to short and long vigorous-intensity activities. Reduction of effective T cells was observed with the cell migration and motility pathways enriched in circulation following marathon. Baseline values of PBMCs abundance were reached around 1 h after CPX and 24 h following marathon, but longer time was required for expression recovery of cytotoxicity genes. The ratio of effector/naive T cells was found to change uniformly among the participants and could serve as a better indicator for exercise intensity than the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Moreover, we identified time-dependent monocyte state transitions after marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yu
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanze Li
- CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Bian
- Beijing Zijing Biological Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhuo Yang
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hanan Song
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
- Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, China
| | - Zhenhe Dong
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyou Xu
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuang Jia
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
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11
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Nowak R, Trzeciak-Ryczek A, Ciechanowicz A, Brodkiewicz A, Urasińska E, Kostrzewa-Nowak D. The Impact of Different Types of Physical Effort on the Expression of Selected Chemokine and Interleukin Receptor Genes in Peripheral Blood Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081119. [PMID: 37190028 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the post-effort transcriptional changes of selected genes encoding receptors for chemokines and interleukins in young, physically active men to better understand the immunomodulatory effect of physical activity. The participants, aged 16-21 years, performed physical exercise tasks of either a maximal multistage 20 m shuttle-run test (beep test) or a repeated speed ability test. The expression of selected genes encoding receptors for chemokines and interleukins in nucleated peripheral blood cells was determined using RT-qPCR. Aerobic endurance activity was a positive stimulant that induced increased expression of CCR1 and CCR2 genes following lactate recovery, while the maximum expression of CCR5 was found immediately post-effort. The increase in the expression of inflammation-related genes encoding chemokine receptors triggered by aerobic effort strengthens the theory that physical effort induces sterile inflammation. Different profiles of studied chemokine receptor gene expression induced by short-term anaerobic effort suggest that not all types of physical effort activate the same immunological pathways. A significant increase in IL17RA gene expression after the beep test confirmed the hypothesis that cells expressing this receptor, including Th17 lymphocyte subsets, can be involved in the creation of an immune response after endurance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 71-242 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Brodkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Nephrology, Dialysotherapy and Management of Acute Poisoning, Pomeranian Medical University, 4 Maczna St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Urasińska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 71-242 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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12
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O'Rourke N, Meens-Miller E, Jeffrey M, Saleem L, Green-Johnson J, Dogra S. Short bouts of walking attenuates the response of IL-8 to prolonged sitting in healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1271-1281. [PMID: 36781426 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental studies have shown that prolonged sitting for 2-8 h can cause changes to vascular and metabolic markers; the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines is relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study is to determine the response of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to prolonged and interrupted sitting. METHODS Healthy participants (n = 24, 21.1 years ± 2.2, 50% female) completed a prolonged sitting session (4 h) and an interrupted sitting session (4 h of sitting with 3 min of walking at 60%HRmax, every 30 min) in random order. Saliva and capillary plasma were collected at the beginning (T1) and at the end of each session (T2). RESULTS Salivary concentrations of IL-8 increased during the prolonged (T1 median: 22.09 pg/mL, T2 median: 86.18 pg/mL; p = < 0.01, ES - 0.55) and interrupted (T1 median: 22.09 pg/mL, T2 median: 51.99 pg/mL; p = 0.021, ES - 0.34) sessions; however, the increase during interrupted sitting was lower (PS median: 134.4%, range: - 43.96 to 1115.69 and IS median: 50.8%, range: - 75.5 to 356.35; p = 0.011, ES - 0.53). In the sub-sample of males, salivary IL-8 did not increase in the interrupted session (T1 median: 22.09, range: 3.496-699.12, and T2 median: 24.96, range: 5.11-533.5, p = > 0.05, ES - 0.16). No significant findings were observed for IL-8 in the plasma. CONCLUSION Prolonged sitting appears to increase concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 while interrupting this sitting with short bouts of walking blunts this response. Sex appears to moderate this relationship; however, there appears to be a large amount of individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O'Rourke
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Emmeline Meens-Miller
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Michael Jeffrey
- Faculty of Science (Biology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Lin Saleem
- Faculty of Science (Biology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Julia Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science (Biology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Shilpa Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada.
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13
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Ogbutor UG, Nwangwa EK, Nwogueze BC, Igweh JC, Ugoeze FC, Ezunu E, Chijiokwu EA. Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise and the Effects of Duration and Intensity of the Isometric Efforts in Prehypertensive Participants. J Chiropr Med 2022; 21:177-186. [PMID: 36118105 PMCID: PMC9479174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of selected inflammatory cytokines to isometric handgrip exercise and identify possible effects of intensity and duration of the isometric effort on these variables. Methods A total of 192 sedentary prehypertensive Nigerian participants aged between 30 and 50 years were recruited into the study and randomly distributed into 3 groups of 64 participants each. The participants performed 24 consecutive days of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction. At the end of the 24 days, group 1 discontinued the exercise protocol, while group 2 continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days, and group 3 continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% maximum voluntary contraction. The parameters used to assess the inflammatory cytokine variables included interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results There was an increase in the resting values of IL-10 across the 3 groups, while the resting values of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced significantly across groups. Generally, the exercise-induced changes in the levels of these cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) should improve inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities. Conclusion The isometric handgrip exercise protocols in this study resulted in elevation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and reductions in the values of proinflammatory cytokines TNF- α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
- Physiology Department, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria,Corresponding author: Bartholomew C. Nwogueze, BSc, MSc, MPH, PhD, Physiology Department, Delta State University, PMB 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Ezunu
- Physiotherapy Department, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
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14
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Balchin C, Tan AL, Golding J, Bissell LA, Wilson OJ, McKenna J, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A. Acute effects of exercise on pain symptoms, clinical inflammatory markers and inflammatory cytokines in people with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221114104. [PMID: 35991522 PMCID: PMC9386862 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise is advocated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, uncertainty around the acute effects of exercise on pain and inflammation may be stopping people with RA from exercising more regularly. Objectives To determine the acute effects of exercise on pain symptoms, clinical inflammatory markers, and inflammatory cytokines in RA. Design A systematic review of the literature. Data sources and methods Five databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus and SPORTDiscus); inclusion criteria were studies with acute exercise, a definite diagnosis of RA and disease characteristics assessed by clinical function (i.e., disease activity score, health assessment questionnaire and self-reported pain), clinical markers associated with inflammation (i.e., c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)), and inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)). Results From a total of 1544 articles, initial screening and full text assessment left 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 274 people were included in the studies (RA = 186; control = 88). Acute bouts of aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic and resistance exercise did not appear to exacerbate pain symptoms in people with RA. Conclusion Post-exercise responses for pain, clinical inflammatory markers and inflammatory cytokines were not different between people with or without RA. Exercise prescription was variable between studies, which limited between-study comparisons. Therefore, future investigations in people with RA are warranted, which combine different exercise modes and intensities to examine acute effects on pain symptoms and inflammatory markers. Registration The PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews - CRD42018091155.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Lyn Tan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Joshua Golding
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Lesley-Anne Bissell
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver J Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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15
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Касьянова ЮВ, Васюкова ОВ, Окороков ПЛ, Зураева ЗТ, Безлепкина ОБ. [Myokines in obese adolescents with aerobic exercise]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:102-110. [PMID: 36104971 PMCID: PMC9762441 DOI: 10.14341/probl13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myokines are synthesized by myocytes and released into the bloodstream in response to muscle fiber contraction. They have a positive effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, muscle mass growth, osteogenesis, increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, counteract inflammation of adipose tissue. The study of their secretion in response to physical activity (FA) can help to personalize the therapy of obesity. AIM to study the features of the secretion of myokines in children with constitutionally exogenous obesity during physical activity of different duration and intensity and to evaluate their relationship with the parameters of the body composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS 26 children (10 boys and 16 girls) were included in the study 15 [13; 16] years old, SDS BMI: +2.91 [2.24; 3.29], with sexual development according to Tanner 4-5. Two groups of 13 people were formed by random distribution. Group I performed FA (walking on a treadmill under the control of heart rate) of different duration: 30 and 60 minutes at the same intensity (less than 3 metabolic equivalents (MET)). Group II - FA of different intensity: low - less than 3 METH and moderate - 3-6 METH with the same duration of 45 minutes. Commercial kits for enzyme immunoassay were used to determine the level of myokines. The assessment of the compositional composition of the body was carried out by bioimpedance analysis (analyzer In Body 770, South Korea) in the morning, on an empty stomach. Statistical processing was carried out using STATISTICA v.12.0 (StatSoftInc., USA). The results are presented in the form of median (Me) and quartiles (Q1; Q3) corresponding to 25 and 75 percentiles. The critical significance level (p) was assumed to be <0.05. RESULTS moderate intensity FA leads to a maximum increase in the level of myokines: interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 215.7% and decorin by 34.3%, a decrease in the level of irisin by 16.5%. An hour-long low-intensity workout leads to a moderate increase in the level of IL-6 by 80.5%, to a decrease in the level of irisin by 31.1%. Myostatin increases equally both after 60-minute FA and after moderate intensity FA by 30.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Short low-intensity FA (lasting 30 minutes) it is not accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of myokines. The relationship between the amount of muscle (r=0.65), lean (r=0.62), fat-free mass (r=0.64) and the level of decorin after FA was noted. There was no statistically significant relationship between the parameters of the body composition and the levels of IL-6, myostatin, and irisin. There were no gender differences in both basal and stimulated myokine secretion. CONCLUSION Moderate intensity FA and low intensity 60-minute FA are most effective for obese children. A 30-minute low-intensity FN is insufficient to increase the secretion of myokines by skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ю. В. Касьянова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - О. В. Васюкова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - П. Л. Окороков
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - З. Т. Зураева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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16
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O'Neill CD, O'Rourke N, Jeffrey M, Green-Johnson JM, Dogra S. Salivary concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1ra after HIIT and MICT in young, healthy adults: A randomized exercise study. Cytokine 2022; 157:155965. [PMID: 35843124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) would lead to greater changes in resting concentrations of salivary IL-8 and IL-1ra than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in young, healthy adults, and to determine whether changes in IL-8 and IL-1ra after six weeks of either HIIT or MICT were associated with changes in maximal exercise capacity (VO2max). Participants were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of HIIT (n = 12) or MICT (n = 11), matched for workload. Saliva samples were collected at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the intervention, and analyzed for IL-8 and IL-1ra. Participants in both groups had significant improvements in VO2max; there were no group differences in improvements. A greater reduction in IL-8 was observed in the MICT group when compared to the HIIT group (HIIT median: -9.5; MICT median: -82.3 pg/µg of protein; U = 11.5, p < 0.001). When combining the HIIT and MICT group, there were significant reductions in IL-8 from T1 to T2. There was no correlation between changes in IL-8 (r < 0.00) or IL-1ra (r = -0.013) with changes in VO2max. In conclusion, 6 weeks of exercise training leads to a reduction in IL-8; MICT may lead to greater reductions when compared to HIIT. Future research examining longer intervention periods is needed to further elucidate the effects of HIIT and MICT on different pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D O'Neill
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - N O'Rourke
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - M Jeffrey
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - J M Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - S Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada.
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17
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Nowak R, Rój K, Ciechanowicz A, Lewandowska K, Kostrzewa-Nowak D. Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148580. [PMID: 35886433 PMCID: PMC9318784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sport diagnostics is still in pursuit of the optimal combination of biochemical and hematological markers to assess training loads and the effectiveness of recovery. The biochemical and hematological markers selected for a panel should be specific to the sport and training program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of selected biochemical and hematological variables in professional long-distance and sprint swimming. Twenty-seven participants aged 15–18 years took part in the study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and creatinine (Cr), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB) and iron concentrations were measured for 10 weeks and compared with the traditional sport diagnostic markers of creatine kinase (CK) activity and urea (U) concentration. Additionally, capillary blood morphology was analyzed. An effective panel should consist of measurements of CK and AST activities and urea, TB, DB and ferritin concentrations. These markers provide a good overview of athletes’ post-training effort changes, can help assess the effectiveness of their recovery regardless of sex or competitive distance and are affordable. Moreover, changes in ferritin concentration can indicate inflammation status and, when combined with iron concentration and blood morphology, can help to avoid iron deficiencies, anemia and adverse inflammatory states in swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza Str., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Konrad Rój
- Student of ”Sports Diagnostics”, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Szczecin, 40b Piastów Al., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Klaudyna Lewandowska
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza Str., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.); (K.L.)
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18
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de Sousa Neto IV, da Cunha Nascimento D, Prestes J, da Fonseca EF, Celes RS, Rolnick N, de Sousa Barbalho YG, Silva ADO, Stival MM, de Lima LR, Funghetto SS. Initial Muscle Quality Affects Individual Responsiveness of Interleukin-6 and Creatine Kinase following Acute Eccentric Exercise in Sedentary Obese Older Women. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040537. [PMID: 35453736 PMCID: PMC9026080 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the time course and responsiveness of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) levels following acute eccentric resistance exercise in sedentary obese older women with a different muscle quality index (MQI). Eighty-eight participants (69.4 ± 6.06 years) completed an acute eccentric resistance exercise (7 sets of 10 repetitions at 110% of 10-repetition maximum with 3 min rest interval). Participants were divided into two groups: high or low MQI according to 50th percentile cut-off. The responsiveness was based on minimal clinical important difference. There were no differences between groups and time on IL-6 and CK levels (p > 0.05). However, the high MQI group displayed a lower proportion of low responders (1 for laboratory and 2 for field-based vs. 5 and 4) and a higher proportion of high responders for IL-6 (7 for laboratory and 6 for field-based vs. 4 and 5) compared to low MQI group. In addition, the high MQI group showed a higher proportion of high responders for CK (11 for laboratory and 9 for field-based vs. 6 and 6) compared to low MQI. A prior MQI screening can provide feedback to understand the magnitude response. Individual responsiveness should be taken into consideration for maximizing eccentric exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Eduardo Fernandes da Fonseca
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Souza Celes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Nicholas Rolnick
- The Human Performance Mechanic, Lehman College, New York, NY 10468, USA;
| | - Yuri Gustavo de Sousa Barbalho
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
| | | | - Marina Morato Stival
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Luciano Ramos de Lima
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Silvana Schwerz Funghetto
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
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19
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Muñoz-Vergara D, Schreiber KL, Langevin H, Yeh GY, Zhu Y, Rist P, Wayne PM. The Effects of a Single Bout of High- or Moderate-Intensity Yoga Exercise on Circulating Inflammatory Mediators: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2022; 11:2164957X221145876. [PMID: 36583069 PMCID: PMC9793102 DOI: 10.1177/2164957x221145876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a knowledge gap in the physiological effects of short-term yoga exercise interventions. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the acute effects of a yoga exercise protocol practiced at 2 intensities (high or moderate) on temporal responses of a battery of systemic circulatory cytokines in healthy yoga-naïve adults. Methods This study was a three-arm, pre-post pilot-RCT employing a single bout of yoga exercise intervention. Groups were high-intensity yoga (HY, n = 10), moderate-intensity yoga (MY, n = 10), and a sedentary, no-intervention control group (CON, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention at 6 timepoints (0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes, and 24-hours post-intervention) and were processed with a pre-defined inflammatory panel of 13 cytokines. Heart rate (HR) was assessed with a Polar H10® device. The PROMIS Pain intensity Questionnaire was used to assess body soreness. Results We demonstrate feasibility of recruitment, randomization, and retention of participants based upon predetermined metrics, including: proportion of eligible to enrolled participants (55%); recruitment period (11-months); participant retention (97%); completion rate for questionnaires (99%); completion of physiological measures (98%); and adherence to the yoga exercise protocol (88%). Cytokine levels over time were heterogeneous within and between groups. Responses of a subset of cytokines were positively correlated with 1 another in high- and moderate-intensity yoga exercise groups but not in the control group. Median values for HR were 91 (IQR: 71-95) in the HY, 95 (IQR: 88-100) in the MY, and 73 (IQR: 72-75) in the CON. Pre-post changes in body soreness after the yoga exercise intervention were most evident in the HY group. Conclusion Along with observed trends in select cytokines, findings encourage a more definitive trial aimed at understanding the short-term effects of yoga exercise on inflammatory immune markers and pain in sedentary healthy adults. Clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT04444102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara, DVM, MS, MPH,
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth
Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kristin L. Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helene Langevin
- National Center for Complementary
and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institute of Health
(NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gloria Y. Yeh
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and
Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yehui Zhu
- Department of Radiology, A. A.
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Rist
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Whitaker AA, Aaron SE, Kaufman CS, Kurtz BK, Bai SX, Vidoni ED, Montgomery RN, Billinger SA. Cerebrovascular response to an acute bout of low-volume high-intensity interval exercise and recovery in young healthy adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:236-246. [PMID: 34882027 PMCID: PMC8759972 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00484.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval exercise (HIIT) is performed widely. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the acute cerebrovascular response to low-volume HIIT. Our objective was to characterize the middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) response during an acute bout of low-volume HIIT in young healthy adults. We hypothesized that MCAv would decrease below the baseline (BL), 1) during HIIT, 2) immediately following HIIT, and 3) 30 min after HIIT. As a secondary objective, we investigated sex differences in the MCAv response during HIIT. Twenty-four young healthy adults completed HIIT [12 males, age = 25 (SD = 2)]. HIIT included 10 min of 1-min high intensity (∼70% estimated maximal Watts) and active recovery (10% estimated maximal Watts) intervals on a recumbent stepper. MCAv, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and end-tidal carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) were recorded at BL, during HIIT, immediately following HIIT, and 30 min after HIIT. Contrary to our hypothesis, MCAv remained above BL during HIIT. MCAv peaked at minute 3 then decreased concomitantly with [Formula: see text]. MCAv was lower than BL immediately following HIIT (P < 0.001). Thirty minutes after HIIT, MCAv returned to BL (P = 0.47). Compared with men, women had a higher MCAv at BL (P = 0.001), during HIIT (P = 0.009), immediately following HIIT (P = 0.004), and 30 min after HIIT (P = 0.001). MCAv did not decrease below BL during low-volume HIIT. However, MCAv decreased below BL immediately following HIIT and returned to resting values 30 min after HIIT. MCAv also differed between sexes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We are the first, to our knowledge, to characterize the cerebrovascular and hemodynamic response to low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIIT, 1-min intervals) in young healthy adults. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) decreased during the HIIT bout and rebounded during active recovery. Women demonstrated a significantly higher resting MCAv than men and the difference remained during HIIT. Here, we report a novel protocol and characterized the MCAv response during an acute bout of low-volume HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicen A. Whitaker
- 1Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stacey E. Aaron
- 1Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Carolyn S. Kaufman
- 2Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brady K. Kurtz
- 1Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stephen X. Bai
- 3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Eric D. Vidoni
- 4University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Center, Fairway, Kansas
| | - Robert N. Montgomery
- 5Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sandra A. Billinger
- 1Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,2Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,4University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Center, Fairway, Kansas,6Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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21
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Islam H, Neudorf H, Mui AL, Little JP. Interpreting 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine responses to exercise: focus on interleukin-10. J Physiol 2021; 599:5163-5177. [PMID: 34647335 DOI: 10.1113/jp281356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of canonically pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are commonly measured when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. An important caveat to interpreting systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise is the observed dissociation between circulating cytokine concentrations and cytokine function at the tissue/cellular level. The dichotomization of cytokines as pro- or anti-inflammatory also overlooks the context dependence of cytokine function, which can vary depending on the physiological state being studied, the cytokine's cellular source/target, and magnitude of cytokine responses. We re-evaluate our current understanding of anti-inflammatory cytokine responses to exercise by highlighting nuances surrounding the interpretation of altered systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for changes in inflammatory processes occurring at the tissue/cellular level. We highlight the lesser known pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory actions of the prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, including the potentiation of interferon gamma production during endotoxaemia, CD8+ T cell activation in tumour bearing rodents and cancer patients in vivo, and CD8+ T lymphocyte and natural killer cell activation in vitro. IL-10's more well-established anti-inflammatory actions can also be blunted following exercise training and under chronic inflammatory states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) independently of circulating IL-10 concentrations. The resistance to IL-10's anti-inflammatory action in T2D coincides with blunted STAT3 phosphorylation and can be restored with small-molecule activators of IL-10 signalling, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for restoring IL-10 action. We posit that inferences based on altered circulating cytokine concentrations alone can miss important functional changes in cytokine action occurring at the tissue/cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Neudorf
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alice L Mui
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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22
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Patrick RP, Johnson TL. Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111509. [PMID: 34363927 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sauna use, sometimes referred to as "sauna bathing," is characterized by short-term passive exposure to high temperatures, typically ranging from 45 °C to 100 °C (113 °F to 212 °F), depending on modality. This exposure elicits mild hyperthermia, inducing a thermoregulatory response involving neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and cytoprotective mechanisms that work in a synergistic fashion in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. Repeated sauna use acclimates the body to heat and optimizes the body's response to future exposures, likely due to the biological phenomenon known as hormesis. In recent decades, sauna bathing has emerged as a probable means to extend healthspan, based on compelling data from observational, interventional, and mechanistic studies. Of particular interest are the findings from large, prospective, population-based cohort studies of health outcomes among sauna users that identified strong dose-dependent links between sauna use and reduced morbidity and mortality. This review presents an overview of sauna practices; elucidates the body's physiological response to heat stress and the molecular mechanisms that drive the response; enumerates the myriad health benefits associated with sauna use; and describes sauna use concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa L Johnson
- TLJ Communications, LLC, 36 Creek Harbour Blvd., Freeport, FL 32439, USA.
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23
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Metcalfe RS, Kemp R, Heffernan SM, Churm R, Chen YC, Ruffino JS, Conway GE, Tornillo G, Orange ST. Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021. [PMID: 33864493 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04680-x.pmid:33864493;pmcid:pmc8260517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several site-specific cancers in humans and suppresses tumour growth in animal models. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK.
| | - Rachael Kemp
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gillian E Conway
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Marriott CFS, Petrella AFM, Marriott ECS, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Petrella RJ. High-Intensity Interval Training in Older Adults: a Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:49. [PMID: 34279765 PMCID: PMC8289951 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an increasingly popular form of aerobic exercise which includes bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with periods of rest. The health benefits, risks, and optimal design of HIIT are still unclear. Further, most research on HIIT has been done in young and middle-aged adults, and as such, the tolerability and effects in senior populations are less well-known. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize HIIT research that has been done in older adults including protocols, feasibility, and safety and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. Five databases were searched with variations of the terms, "high-intensity interval training" and "older adults" for experimental or quasi-experimental studies published in or after 2009. Studies were included if they had a treatment group with a mean age of 65 years or older who did HIIT, exclusively. Of 4644 papers identified, 69 met the inclusion criteria. The average duration of training was 7.9 (7.0) weeks (mean [SD]) and protocols ranged widely. The average sample size was 47.0 (65.2) subjects (mean [SD]). Healthy populations were the most studied group (n = 30), followed by subjects with cardiovascular (n = 12) or cardiac disease (n = 9), metabolic dysfunction (n = 8), and others (n = 10). The most common primary outcomes included changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (such as VO2peak) as well as feasibility and safety of the protocols as measured by the number of participant dropouts, adverse events, and compliance rate. HIIT protocols were diverse but were generally well-tolerated and may confer many health advantages to older adults. Larger studies and more research in clinical populations most representative of older adults are needed to further evaluate the clinical effects of HIIT in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F. S. Marriott
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Andrea F. M. Petrella
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Emily C. S. Marriott
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Narlon C. Boa Sorte Silva
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert J. Petrella
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 320 - 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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25
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Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Moreira JBN, Loennechen JP, Wisløff U, Mesquita T. Exercising immune cells: The immunomodulatory role of exercise on atrial fibrillation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 68:52-59. [PMID: 34274371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health, improving stroke volume, cardiac output, and aerobic capacity. Despite these benefits, some evidence indicates that endurance training may increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in highly trained individuals. Among multiple mechanisms, autonomic tone changes and atrial remodeling have been proposed as main contributors for exercise-induced AF. However, the contribution of local and systemic immunity is poorly understood in the development of atrial arrhythmogenic substrates. Here we aim to update the field of immunomodulation in the context of exercise and AF by compiling and reconciling the most recent evidence from preclinical and human studies and rationalize the applicability of "lone" AF terminology in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - José Bianco Nascimento Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Pål Loennechen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, California, United States..
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26
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Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Trzeciak-Ryczek A, Wityk P, Cembrowska-Lech D, Nowak R. Post-Effort Changes in Autophagy- and Inflammation-Related Gene Expression in White Blood Cells of Healthy Young Men. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061406. [PMID: 34204085 PMCID: PMC8229752 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute, strenuous physical exertion requiring high levels of energy production induces the production of reactive oxygen species and metabolic disturbances that can damage the mitochondria. Thus, selective autophagic elimination of defective mitochondria may improve resistance to oxidative stress and potentially to inflammation. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intense effort on changes in the expression of select genes related to post-effort inflammation and autophagy. Thirty-five men aged 16–21 years were recruited to the study. The impacts of both aerobic (endurance) and anaerobic (speed) efforts on selected genes encoding chemokines (CXCL5, 8–12) were analyzed. Significant increases in the expression of all studied genes excluding CXCL12 were observed. Moreover, both types of effort induced an increase in the expression of genes encoding IL-2, -4, -6, -10, IFN-γ and TNF-α, excluding IL-17A. Generally, these efforts caused a significant increase in the relative expression of apoptosis- (BCL2 and BAX) and autophagy- (BNIP3, BECN1, MAP1LC3B, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, ATG16L1 and SQSTM1) related genes. It seems that the duration of physical activity and its bioenergetic cost has an important impact on the degree of increase in expression of this panel of autophagy-related genes. Anaerobic effort is more strenuous than aerobic effort and requires a higher bioenergetic investment. This may explain the stronger impact of anaerobic effort on the expression of the studied genes. This observation seems to support the protective role of autophagy proposed in prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland; (A.T.-R.); (D.C.-L.)
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Wityk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland; (A.T.-R.); (D.C.-L.)
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
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27
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Metcalfe RS, Kemp R, Heffernan SM, Churm R, Chen YC, Ruffino JS, Conway GE, Tornillo G, Orange ST. Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2107-2124. [PMID: 33864493 PMCID: PMC8260517 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several site-specific cancers in humans and suppresses tumour growth in animal models. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK.
| | - Rachael Kemp
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gillian E Conway
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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28
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Ferreira STBP, do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos M, Teixeira JB, da Silva Rabello MC, de Lorena VMB, Farah BQ, Silva TNS, de Lima AMJ. Clinical safety and hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:99-108. [PMID: 33821439 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine clinical safety and cardiovascular, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial individuals of both sexes, aged between 30 and 70 years old with diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA were enrolled. Volunteers with OSA (n = 40) performed an IMT session with three sets of 30 repetitions with a 1-min interval between them. The IMT group (n = 20) used a load of 70% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and the placebo group (n = 20) performed the IMT without load. Measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and inflammatory markers were performed pre, post-immediate and 1 h after the IMT session. RESULTS No differences were shown in SBP, DBP, HRV, or inflammatory markers at any of the intervals analyzed. However, HR in the IMT group was lower 1 h after the IMT session compared to the pre-session values (p = 0002). HR was higher in the placebo group when comparing pre × post-immediate (p < 0.001). HR decreased after the first hour in relation to the pre (p < 0.001) and post-immediate (p < 0.001) values. CONCLUSION IMT sessions promote discreet hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses. Therefore, IMT is considered clinically safe and can be performed at home, guided but unsupervised, with lower cost and greater adherence to exercise program for subjects with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Thamilis Barbosa Pessoa Ferreira
- Post Graduate Program of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, CEP: 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Baptista Teixeira
- Post Graduate Program of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Breno Quintella Farah
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Thayse Neves Santos Silva
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Otávio de Freitas (HOF), Rua Aprígio Guimarães, s/n, Tejipió, Recife, PE, CEP: 50920-460, Brazil
| | - Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima
- Post Graduate Program of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil. .,Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil.
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Saeidi A, Haghighi MM, Kolahdouzi S, Daraei A, Abderrahmane AB, Essop MF, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13090. [PMID: 32662238 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight and obesity. Approximately 90 investigations including randomized control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported on the effects of a single session of PA (acute) or long-term PA (chronic) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity were reviewed. The findings support the notion that there is consensus on the benefits of chronic exercise training-regardless of the mode (resistance vs. aerobic), intensity and cohort (healthy vs. diabetes)-on adipokine levels (such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1 and leptin). However, several confounding factors (frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise) can alter the magnitude of the effects of an acute exercise session. Available evidence suggests that PA, as a part of routine lifestyle behaviour, improves obesity complications by modulating adipokine levels. However, additional research is needed to help identify the most effective interventions to elicit the most beneficial changes in adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Cardiology Centre, The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarkawt Kolahdouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
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Pozzolo BA, Fonseca VFD, Guedes AA, Oliveira GLD, Dietrich D, Lima EM, Santos TC, Panacioni F, Iagher F, Ulbrich AZ. ACUTE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE OF DIFFERENT INTENSITIES IN CYTOKINES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202606223616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: A single exercise training session promotes stimuli for changes in the immune system that are cumulatively considered adaptations to the exercise. Objective: This paper explores the acute effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise on anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory markers in apparently healthy university students. Methods: Eighteen volunteers underwent two sessions of aerobic exercise, the first at 65-70% estimated heart rate (HR), and after seven days, a second session at 80-85% HR. Before and after each session, venous blood was drawn, in order to analyze interleukin (IL) 6 and 10 in a Milliplex Kit. The participants’ level of physical activity was determined using a questionnaire. For statistical comparisons, two-way ANOVA was used for the variables hemodynamics and perceived exertion. The cytokine results were compared through the Student's t-test for repeated measurements. The exclusion criteria were the practice of physical exercise and having drunk alcohol on the day before the intervention sessions, the presence of osteomioarticular conditions, and missing one of the sessions. Results: This study showed that IL-6 was not significantly decreased when comparing the two sessions. IL-10 was significantly decreased (p=0.033) in the 65-70% HR session but not in the 80-85% HR session. The delta variation for IL-10 showed a tendency (p=0.053) towards a greater decrease in the 65-70% HR session when compared to the 80-85% HR session. There were no differences in the acute effect of exercise when comparing the levels of physical activity. Conclusion: This study highlights that two different zones of high intensity exercise can induce different inflammatory responses, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in IL-10 in the 65-70%HR zone. The study also shows that there was no difference in physical exercise response in individuals with moderate and high physical activity levels. Level of evidence III; Comparative study.
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Orange ST, Jordan AR, Saxton JM. The serological responses to acute exercise in humans reduce cancer cell growth in vitro: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14635. [PMID: 33207085 PMCID: PMC7673630 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of acute exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cell growth in vitro. Five literature databases were systematically searched for studies that measured cancer cell growth after exposure to human sera obtained before and immediately after an acute bout of exercise. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a three-level random-effects model. Meta-regressions were also performed with participant age and disease status, exercise type, cell line TP53 status, and serum incubation time entered as covariates. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria encompassing a total of 21 effect estimates and 98 participants. Exercise-conditioned serum significantly reduced cancer cell growth compared with preexercise serum (SMD = -1.23, 95% CI: -1.96 to -0.50; p = .002; I2 = 75.1%). The weighted mean reduction as a percentage of preexercise values was 8.6%. The overall treatment effect and magnitude of heterogeneity were not statistically influenced by any covariate. There were concerns regarding the risk of bias within individual studies and Egger's test of the intercept showed evidence of small study effects (β = -3.6, p = .004). These findings provide in vitro evidence that the transient serological responses to acute exercises reduce cancer cell growth, although many questions remain regarding the underlying mechanistic pathways and potential effect modifiers. To strengthen this evidence-base, future studies should seek to reduce the risk of bias by using more rigorous experimental designs, and consider using 3D cell culture models to better replicate in vivo tumor conditions. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020161333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesThe Medical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - John M. Saxton
- Department of Sport, Exercise and RehabilitationFaculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Sohail MU, Al-Mansoori L, Al-Jaber H, Georgakopoulos C, Donati F, Botrè F, Sellami M, Elrayess MA. Assessment of Serum Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Markers in Elite Athletes Reveals Unique Profiles Associated With Different Sport Disciplines. Front Physiol 2020; 11:600888. [PMID: 33178053 PMCID: PMC7593763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.600888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Circulating cytokines and oxidative stress markers vary in response to different exercise regimens. This study aims to compare the immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles of elite athletes from different sport disciplines as potential biomarkers of muscle damage, and cardiovascular demand. Methods Serum samples from 88 consented elite male athletes from different sports disciplines (aquatics, n = 11, athletics, n = 22, cycling, n = 19, football, n = 28 and weightlifting, n = 8) collected at the anti-doping lab in Italy were screened for 38 cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Comparisons were made between different level of power, cardiovascular demand (CD) and endurance, as well as among the sport types. Results The anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 was higher (p = 0.04) in moderate power compared with the high power group. Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD; p = 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA; p = 0.007) levels were greater in the higher power groups compared with the lower power counterpart. Among athletes who belong to different CD ranks, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1) levels were higher (p = 0.03) in the low CD-rank group compared with high CD counterpart, whereas, SOD levels were higher (p = 0.001) in high and moderate CD-rank groups compared to low counterpart. For endurance groups, IL-10 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta were increased (p = 0.03) in low/moderate endurance compared with the high endurance group. Finally, MIP1-beta, SOD and catalase varied significantly among the sports groups. Conclusion Specific markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with different sports disciplines and could be utilized as potential biomarkers of athletes' health, performance, and recovery from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hend Al-Jaber
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Maha Sellami
- College of Art and Science, Sport Science Program, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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de Castro DLS, da Cunha Nascimento D, Orsano VSM, de Sousa Neto IV, Beal FLR, Stone W, Dos Santos Rosa T, Prestes J. Effect of high-velocity and traditional resistance exercise on serum antioxidants and inflammation biomarkers in older women: A randomized crossover trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111026. [PMID: 32717273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contrary to the production of oxidant and inflammation biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes decrease with age and the adaptive response to oxidative stress is reduced. The effects of the different resistance exercise protocols to attenuate these conditions are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We compared the acute effects of traditional resistance exercise (TRE) and high velocity RE (HVRE) on inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant activity in elderly women. METHODS Fourteen elderly women (67 ± 7 years) were randomly assigned to TRE or HVRE. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory markers and antioxidant enzymes at three time-points (pre-exercise, post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise). RESULTS TRE and HVRE induced acute reductions over time on tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble receptor of IL-6 (sIL-6R), as well in catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant levels without differences between groups. In addition, TRE and HVRE groups displayed acute increments in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-10/IL-6 ratio over time, while the HVRE protocol displayed higher IL-10 values post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise time points as compared with TRE. Based on magnitude based inference, subjects from the HVRE group demonstrated superior responsiveness for IL-6 and IL-10 as compared with the TRE group. All participants from the HVRE group displayed a minimal clinical important difference on IL-10 levels as compared to only two persons from the TRE group. CONCLUSION Both RE protocols were capable of positive changes in inflammatory and antioxidant status in elderly subjects, but HVRE demonstrated a superior response on IL-10. The HVRE may be incorporated to exercise recommendation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Center University of Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Lage Rodrigues Beal
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Medicine School, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Whitley Stone
- School of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil.
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Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090612. [PMID: 32899958 PMCID: PMC7563553 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder brought about due to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta region. PD presents most commonly in older adults and is a disorder of both motor and nonmotor dysfunction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and older individuals, those with preexisting medical conditions, or both have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 with more severe outcomes. People-with-Parkinson’s (PwP) of advanced age can have both immune and autonomic nervous problems that potentially lead to pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and higher infection risk, increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. A lifestyle change involving moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to protect against SARS-CoV-2 through strengthening the immune system. In addition to a potential protective measure against SARS-CoV-2, exercise has been shown to improve quality-of-life (QoL) in PD patients. Recent studies provide evidence of exercise as both neuroprotective and neuroplastic. This article is a literature review investigating the role exercise plays in modifying the immune system, improving health outcomes in PwP, and potentially acting as a protective measure against SARS-Cov-2 infection. We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19.
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Cardiac Rehabilitation with Targeted Intensity Improves Cardiopulmonary Functions Accompanying with Reduced Copeptin Level in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:317-326. [PMID: 32613311 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease prevention. Understanding the key component of CR such as training intensity and biomarkers reflecting cardiopulmonary functions may help to better target the rehabilitation program. Thirty-four consecutive patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention participated in the CR program. The difference between intervention group and control group was mainly the training intensity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and blood biomarker measurements were performed before and after CR. The results demonstrated that it was safe and feasible to perform CR, while sufficient training intensity was required to significantly ameliorate CPET parameters. Among numerous biomarkers tested, vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin (CPP) improved significantly after CR. Moreover, improved CPP was correlated with exercise intensity and peak oxygen uptake, two most important indicators of cardiopulmonary exercise capacities. Therefore, CR may have a novel role in maintaining plasma osmolality and cardiovascular homeostasis. Graphical Abstract Cardiac rehabilitation training improves cardiopulmonary exercise parameters El and PVO2 which are correlated with reduced CPP level. CPP, copeptin; El, exercise intensity; POV2, peak oxygen uptake.
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Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Nowak R. Differential Th Cell-Related Immune Responses in Young Physically Active Men after an Endurance Effort. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1795. [PMID: 32526904 PMCID: PMC7356896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The participation of T cell subsets in the modulation of immunity in athletes triggered by maximal effort was investigated. In total, 80 physically active young men (range 16-20 years) were divided into 5 age groups: 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 years old. They performed efficiency tests on mechanical treadmills until exhaustion. White blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte (LYM) counts were determined, and the type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, T helper 17 (Th17), and T regulatory (Treg) cell distribution and plasma levels of selected cytokines were analyzed. An increase in WBC and LYM counts after the test and in Th1 and Treg cells after the test and in recovery was observed. There were no changes in Th2 cells. An increase in interleukins (IL): IL-2 and IL-8 was observed. The IL-6 level was altered in all studied groups. IL-17A and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels were increased in all studied groups. The mechanism of differential T cell subset activation may be related to athletes' age. The novel findings of this study are the involvement of Th17 cells in post-effort immune responses and the participation of IL-6 in post-effort and the long-term biological effect of endurance effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
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Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Ciechanowicz A, Clark JS, Nowak R. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Th-Cell-Related Cytokines Released after Progressive Effort. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030876. [PMID: 32210109 PMCID: PMC7141504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-induced processes commence with the activation of signalling pathways at the cellular level, which mobilize inflammatory cells and stimulate the secretion of chemokines, cytokines, and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). Physical effort stimulates inflammation, contributing to muscle repair and regeneration. We have examined the impact of different protocols of progressive-effort tests on T-cell DAMP levels, extracellular cleavage products (fibronectin and hyaluronan), and Th-cell-related cytokine levels among soccer players. Thirty male soccer players with a median age of 17 (16–22) years performed different defined protocols for progressive exercise until exhaustion: (1) YO-YO intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYRL1, n = 10); (2) maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run (Beep, n = 10); and mechanical treadmill (MT, n = 10); and (3) shuttle-run test (n = 10). Blood samples were taken three times as follows: at baseline, post effort, and in recovery. Significantly higher post-effort concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were observed in the Beep group, IL-4 in the YYRL1 group, and IL-6 and IFN-γ in the MT group as compared with the baseline values. Recovery values were significantly higher for concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the YYRL1 group, only for IFN-γ in the Beep group, and for IL-6, IL-10, and INF-γ in the MT group as compared with the baseline values. Post-effort concentrations of DEFβ2, Hsp27, Fn, and UA in the Beep group and Hsp27 and HA in the YYRL1 group were significantly higher as compared with the baseline values. It seems the performed efficiency test protocols caused a short-term imbalance in Th1/Th2 cytokine levels without giving common molecular patterns. The rapidity of these changes was apparently related to specific physical movements and the type of running surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.)
| | - Jeremy S.C. Clark
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.)
| | - Robert Nowak
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
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Hurst RD, Lyall KA, Wells RW, Sawyer GM, Lomiwes D, Ngametua N, Hurst SM. Daily Consumption of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Made From New Zealand Blackcurrants for 5 Weeks Supports Exercise Recovery Through the Management of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2020; 7:16. [PMID: 32175326 PMCID: PMC7056812 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regular exercise is essential to a healthy lifestyle but evokes an oxidative and inflammatory stress. Depending upon its intensity and duration this can result in either beneficial adaptive changes or underlying tissue damage that impacts upon long-term health and individual sporting training schedules. Functional foods containing plant bioactives have potential to support exercise through management of the detrimental aspects of exercise and complement ergonomic adaptive benefits. Aim: Previously we reported that a single consumption of a 3.2 mg/kg New Zealand blackcurrant anthocyanin-rich extract (BAE) 1 h before a 30 min rowing exercise attenuated moderate exercise-mediated oxidative stress and supported innate immunity. Here we evaluate whether the efficacy of a single consumption of BAE 1 h prior to exercise is changed after extended daily BAE consumption for 5 weeks. Results: On week 1, a single consumption of BAE 1 h before a 30 min row mediated a significant (p < 0.05) 46% reduction in post-exercise-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) by 2 h compared to a 30% reduction in the placebo group. Similar efficacy was observed 5 weeks later after daily consumption of BAE. In addition, daily BAE consumption for 5 weeks improved the efficacy to (a) resolve acute inflammation, and (b) increased plasma IL-10, salivary beta-defensin 2 (BD2) and secretory IgA. Although no change in plasma antioxidant capacity was detected, a significant (p < 0.009) positive correlation between plasma IL-10 and plasma antioxidant capacity (R 2 = 0.35) was observed on week 6 after 5 week BAE consumption suggesting IL-10 influences antioxidant properties. Using a differentiated myotubule cell-line revealed that whilst IL-10 had no direct antioxidant neutralizing action, longer-term exposure (24 h) attenuated 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced myotubule oxidative stress, supporting a putative role for IL-10 in the modulation of cellular antioxidant systems. Conclusions: Daily consumption of BAE for 5 weeks serves to enhance the exercise recovery effectiveness of a single consumption of BAE and promotes beneficial/protective antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cellular events that facilitate exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D. Hurst
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty A. Lyall
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Robyn W. Wells
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M. Sawyer
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Lomiwes
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nayer Ngametua
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne M. Hurst
- Food Innovation Portfolio, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
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T helper cell-related changes in peripheral blood induced by progressive effort among soccer players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227993. [PMID: 31990927 PMCID: PMC6986753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The regulatory mechanisms affecting the modulation of the immune system accompanying the progressive effort to exhaustion, particularly associated with T cells, are not fully understood. We analysed the impact of two progressive effort protocols on T helper (Th) cell distribution and selected cytokines. Methods Sixty-two male soccer players with a median age of 17 (16–29) years performed different protocols for progressive exercise until exhaustion: YO-YO (YYRL1) and Beep. Blood samples for all analyses were taken three times: at baseline, post-effort, and in recovery. Results The percentage of Th1 cells increased post-effort and in recovery. The post-effort percentage of Th1 cells was higher in the Beep group compared to the YYRL1 group. Significant post-effort increase in Th17 cells was observed in both groups. The post-effort percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) increased in the Beep group. An increased post-effort concentration of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-γ in both groups was observed. Post-effort TNF-α and IL-10 levels were higher than baseline in the YYRL1 group, while the post-effort IL-17A concentration was lower than baseline only in the Beep group. The recovery IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were higher than baseline in the YYRL1 group. The recovery IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ values were higher than baseline in the Beep group. Conclusion The molecular patterns related to cytokine secretion are not the same between different protocols for progressive effort. It seems that Treg cells are probably the key cells responsible for silencing the inflammation and enhancing anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Acute effects of aerobic intensities on the cytokine response in women with mild multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 31:82-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ubaida-Mohien C, Gonzalez-Freire M, Lyashkov A, Moaddel R, Chia CW, Simonsick EM, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Physical Activity Associated Proteomics of Skeletal Muscle: Being Physically Active in Daily Life May Protect Skeletal Muscle From Aging. Front Physiol 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 30971946 PMCID: PMC6443906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle strength declines with aging and increasing physical activity is the only intervention known to attenuate this decline. In order to adequately investigate both preventive and therapeutic interventions against sarcopenia, a better understanding of the biological changes that are induced by physical activity in skeletal muscle is required. To determine the effect of physical activity on the skeletal muscle proteome, we utilized liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry to obtain quantitative proteomics data on human skeletal muscle biopsies from 60 well-characterized healthy individuals (20-87 years) who reported heterogeneous levels of physical activity (not active, active, moderately active, and highly active). Over 4,000 proteins were quantified, and higher self-reported physical activity was associated with substantial overrepresentation of proteins associated with mitochondria, TCA cycle, structural and contractile muscle, and genome maintenance. Conversely, proteins related to the spliceosome, transcription regulation, immune function, and apoptosis, DNA damage, and senescence were underrepresented with higher self-reported activity. These differences in observed protein expression were related to different levels of physical activity in daily life and not intense competitive exercise. In most instances, differences in protein levels were directly opposite to those reported in the literature observed with aging. These data suggest that being physically active in daily life has strong and biologically detectable beneficial effects on muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexey Lyashkov
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and inflammatory markers in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2019; 26:256-264. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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