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Amiya N, Nakano N, Tanaka C, Hibino S, Takakura R, Amano M, Yoshinaga T. Leptin gene expression in the brain is associated with the physiological onset of estivation in western sand lance Ammodytes japonicus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38946665 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Dormancy is an essential ecological characteristic for the survival of organisms that experience harsh environments. Although factors that initiate dormancy vary, suppression or cessation of feeding activities are common among taxa. To distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic causes of metabolic reduction, we focused on estivation, which occurs in summer when the feeding activity is generally enhanced. Sand lances (genus Ammodytes) are a unique marine fish with a long estivation period from early summer to late autumn. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the control mechanisms of estivation in western sand lance (A. japonicus), and firstly examined behavioral changes in 8 months including a transition between active and dormant phases. We found that swimming/feeding behavior gradually decreased from June, and completely disappeared by late August, indicating all individuals had entered estivation. Next, we focused on leptin, known as a feeding suppression hormone in various organisms, and examined leptin-A gene (AjLepA) expression in the brain that may regulate the seasonal behavioral pattern. AjLepA expression decreased after 7 days of fasting, suggesting that leptin has a function to regulate feeding in this species. The monthly expression dynamics of AjLepA during the feeding (active) and non-feeding (estivation) periods showed that the levels gradually increased with the onset of estivation and reached its peak when all the experimental fish had estivated. The present study suggests that the suppression of feeding activity by leptin causes shift in the physiological modes of A. japonicus before estivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Amiya
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nayu Nakano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikaya Tanaka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuha Hibino
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryota Takakura
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Amano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Romero J, Blas-Chumacero S, Urzúa V, Villasante A, Opazo R, Gajardo F, Miranda CD, Rojas R. Lysin and Lytic Phages Reduce Vibrio Counts in Live Feed and Fish Larvae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:904. [PMID: 38792735 PMCID: PMC11123823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are naturally found in estuarine and marine ecosystems, but are also recognized as significant human enteropathogens, often linked to seafood-related illnesses. In aquaculture settings, Vibrio poses a substantial risk of infectious diseases, resulting in considerable stock losses and prompting the use of antimicrobials. However, this practice contributes to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and resistance genes. Our investigation aimed to explore the potential of biological agents such as bacteriophage CH20 and endolysin LysVPp1 in reducing Vibrio bacterial loads in both rotifer and fish larvae. LysVPp1's lytic activity was assessed by measuring absorbance reduction against various pathogenic Vibrio strains. Phage CH20 exhibited a limited host range, affecting only Vibrio alginolyticus GV09, a highly pathogenic strain. Both CH20 and LysVPp1 were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing Vibrio load in rotifers or fish larvae through short-setting bioassays. Our results demonstrated the significant lytic effect of endolysin LysVPp1 on strains of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio splendidus. Furthermore, we have showcased the feasibility of reducing the load of pathogenic Vibrio in live feed and fish larvae by using a non-antibiotic-based approach, such as lytic phage and endolysin LysVPp1, thus contributing to the progress of a sustainable aquaculture from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830489, Chile; (S.B.-C.); (V.U.); (A.V.); (R.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Sergueia Blas-Chumacero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830489, Chile; (S.B.-C.); (V.U.); (A.V.); (R.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Victoria Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830489, Chile; (S.B.-C.); (V.U.); (A.V.); (R.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Alejandro Villasante
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830489, Chile; (S.B.-C.); (V.U.); (A.V.); (R.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Rafael Opazo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830489, Chile; (S.B.-C.); (V.U.); (A.V.); (R.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Felipe Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830489, Chile; (S.B.-C.); (V.U.); (A.V.); (R.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Claudio D. Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (C.D.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Rodrigo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (C.D.M.); (R.R.)
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González-Penagos CE, Zamora-Briseño JA, Améndola-Pimenta M, Cruz-Quintana Y, Santana-Piñeros AM, Torres-García JR, Cañizares-Martínez MA, Pérez-Vega JA, Peñuela-Mendoza AC, Rodríguez-Canul R. Sargassum spp. Ethanolic Extract Elicits Toxic Responses and Malformations in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38477677 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The amount of Sargassum spp. arriving in the Caribbean Sea has increased steadily in the last few years, producing a profound environmental impact on the ecological dynamics of the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula. We characterized the toxicological effects of an ethanolic extract of Sargassum spp. on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (ZFEs) in a 96-h static bioassay using T1 (0.01 mg/L), T2 (0.1 mg/L), T3 (1 mg/L), T4 (10 mg/L), T5 (25 mg/L), T6 (50 mg/L), T7 (75 mg/L), T8 (100 mg/L), T9 (200 mg/L), and T10 (400 mg/L). In this extract, we detected 74 compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, and 2-pentanone 4-hydroxy-4-methyl, were the most abundant. In ZFEs, a median lethal concentration of 251 mg/L was estimated. Exposed embryos exhibited extensive morphological changes, including edema in the yolk sac, scoliosis, and loss of pigmentation, as well as malformations of the head, tail, and eyes. By integrating these abnormalities using the Integrated Biological Response (IBRv2) and General Morphological Score (GMS) indices, we were able to determine that ZFEs exposed to 200 mg/L (T9) exhibited the most pronounced biological response in comparison with the other groups. In the comparative transcriptomic analysis, 66 genes were upregulated, and 246 genes were downregulated in the group exposed to 200 mg/L compared with the control group. In the upregulated genes, we identified several gene ontology-enriched terms, such as response to xenobiotic stimuli, cellular response to chemical stimulus, transcriptional regulation, pigment metabolic process, erythrocyte differentiation and embryonic hemopoiesis, extracellular matrix organization, and chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis, among others. In the down-regulated genes, we found many genes associated with nervous system processes, sensory and visual perception, response to abiotic stimulus, and the nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process. The probable connections among the morphological changes observed in the transcriptome are thoroughly discussed. Our findings suggest that Sargassum spp. exposure can induce a wide negative impact on zebrafish embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-15. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E González-Penagos
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Mónica Améndola-Pimenta
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Yanis Cruz-Quintana
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Acuícola, Inocuidad y Salud Ambiental. Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables. Facultad de Acuicultura y Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Ana M Santana-Piñeros
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Acuícola, Inocuidad y Salud Ambiental. Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables. Facultad de Acuicultura y Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Jesús R Torres-García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Michoacán, México
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mayra A Cañizares-Martínez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Juan A Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana C Peñuela-Mendoza
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Conti F, Zarantoniello M, Antonucci M, Cattaneo N, Rattin M, De Russi G, Secci G, Lucon-Xiccato T, Lira de Medeiros AC, Olivotto I. The Application of Synthetic Flavors in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Rearing with Emphasis on Attractive Ones: Effects on Fish Development, Welfare, and Appetite. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3368. [PMID: 37958124 PMCID: PMC10647473 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test synthetic flavors as potential feed attractants in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early development. Six experimental groups were set up in triplicate: (i) a CTRL group fed a zebrafish commercial diet; (ii) a PG group fed a control diet added with Propylene Glycol (PG); (iii) A1+ and A2+ groups fed a control diet added with 1% of the two attractive flavors (A1+ cheese odor made by mixing Propylene Glycol (PG) with the aromatic chemicals trimethyamine, 2-acetylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyridine, and dimethyl sulfide; and A2+ caramel odor, made of PG mixed with the aromatic chemicals vanillin, maltol, cyclotene, acetoin, butyric acid, and capric acid with traces of both gamma-octalactone and gamma-esalactone) or the repulsive flavor (A- coconut odor, made by mixing PG with the aromatic chemicals gamma-eptalactone, gamma-nonalactone, delta-esalactone, and vanillin with trace of both delta-octalactone and maltol), respectively; (iv) an ROT group fed the two attractive diets, each administered singularly in a weekly rotation scheme. All the tested synthetic flavors did not affect the overall health of larval and juvenile fish and promoted growth. Due to the longer exposure time, results obtained from the juvenile stage provided a clearer picture of the fish responses: zebrafish fed both attractive diets showed higher appetite stimulus, feed ingestion, and growth, while the brain dopaminergic activity suggested the A2+ diet as the most valuable solution for its long-lasting effect over the whole experiment (60-day feeding trial, from larvae to adults). The present study provided important results about the possible use of attractive synthetic flavors for aquafeed production, opening new sustainable and more economically valuable opportunities for the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Conti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Nico Cattaneo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mirko Rattin
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Gaia De Russi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.D.R.); (T.L.-X.)
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.)
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.D.R.); (T.L.-X.)
| | - Adja Cristina Lira de Medeiros
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.)
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
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Lu K, Liang XF, Tang SL, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chai F. Role of short-wave-sensitive 1 (sws1) in cone development and first feeding in larval zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:801-813. [PMID: 37495865 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Color vision is mediated by the expression of different major visual pigment proteins (opsins) on retinal photoreceptors. Vertebrates have four classes of cone opsins that are most sensitive to different wavelengths of light: short wavelength sensitive 1 (SWS1), short wavelength sensitive 2 (SWS2), medium wavelength sensitive (RH2), and long wavelength sensitive (LWS). UV wavelengths play important roles in foraging and communication. However, direct evidence provide links between sws1 and first feeding is lacking. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was performed to generate mutant zebrafish lines with sws1 deletion. sws1 mutant zebrafish larvae exhibited decreased sws1, rh2-2, and lws1 expression, and increased rod gene (rho and gnat1) expression. Furthermore, the sws1-deficient larvae exhibited significantly reduced food intake, and the orexigenic genes npy and agrp signaling were upregulated at 6 days postfertilization (dpf). The transcription expression of sws1 and rh2-3 genes decreased in sws1-/- adults compared to wild type. Surprisingly, the results of feeding at the adult stage were not the same with larvae. sws1 deficiency did not affect food intake and appetite gene expression at adult stages. These results reveal a role for sws1 in normal cone development and first feeding in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Farui Chai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Yang M, Wang JH, Shin JH, Lee D, Lee SN, Seo JG, Shin JH, Nam YD, Kim H, Sun X. Pharmaceutical efficacy of novel human-origin Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains on high-fat-diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic disorders in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1220044. [PMID: 37711887 PMCID: PMC10497875 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1220044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and related metabolic issues are a growing global health concern. Recently, the discovery of new probiotics with anti-obesity properties has gained interest. Methods In this study, four Faecalibacte-rium prausnitzii strains were isolated from healthy human feces and evaluated on a high-fat diet-induced mouse model for 12 weeks. Results The F. prausnitzii strains reduced body weight gain, liver and fat weights, and calorie intake while improving lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, as evidenced by regulating lipid metabolism-associated gene expression, including ACC1, FAS, SREBP1c, leptin, and adiponectin. Moreover, the F. prausnitzii strains inhibited low-grade inflammation, restored gut integrity, and ameliorated hepatic function and insulin resistance. Interestingly, the F. prausnitzii strains modulated gut and neural hormone secretion and reduced appetite by affecting the gut-brain axis. Supplementation with F. prausnitzii strains noticeably changed the gut microbiota composition. Discussion In summary, the novel isolated F. prausnitzii strains have therapeutic effects on obesity and associated metabolic disorders through modulation of the gut-brain axis. Additionally, the effectiveness of different strains might not be achieved through identical mechanisms. Therefore, the present findings provide a reliable clue for developing novel therapeutic probiotics against obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Konadu B, Cox CK, Garrett MR, Gibert Y. Excess glucose or fat differentially affects metabolism and appetite-related gene expression during zebrafish embryogenesis. iScience 2023; 26:107063. [PMID: 37534154 PMCID: PMC10391732 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos use their yolk sac reserve as the sole nutrient source during embryogenesis. The two main forms of energy fuel can be found in the form of glucose or fat. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to glucose or injected with free fatty acid/Triacylglycerol (FFA/TAG) into the yolk sac at 24 hpf. At 72 hpf, glucose exposed or FFA/TAG injected had differential effects on gene expression in embryos, with fat activating lipolysis and β-oxidation and glucose activating the insulin pathway. Bulk RNA-seq revealed that more gene expression was affected by glucose exposure compared to FFA/TAGs injection. Appetite-controlling genes were also differently affected by glucose exposure or FFA/TAG injections. Because the embryo did not yet feed itself at the time of our analysis, gene expression changes occurred in absence of actual hunger and revealed how the embryo manages its nutrient intake before active feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Konadu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Carol K. Cox
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Bansal P, Roitman MF, Jung EE. Caloric state modulates locomotion, heart rate and motor neuron responses to acute administration of d-amphetamine in zebrafish larvae. Physiol Behav 2023; 264:114144. [PMID: 36889488 PMCID: PMC10070120 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulant drugs increase behavioral, cardiac and brain responses in humans and other animals. Acute food deprivation or chronic food restriction potentiates the stimulatory effects of abused drugs and increases the propensity for relapse to drug seeking in drug-experienced animals. The mechanisms by which hunger affects cardiac and behavioral activities are only beginning to be elucidated. Moreover, changes in motor neuron activities at the single neuron level induced by psychostimulants, and their modulation by food restriction, remain unknown. Here we investigated how food deprivation affects responses to d-amphetamine by measuring locomotor activity, cardiac output, and individual motor neuron activity in zebrafish larvae. We used wild-type larval zebrafish to record behavioral and cardiac responses and the larvae of Tg(mnx1:GCaMP5) transgenic zebrafish to record motor neuron responses. Physiological state gated responses to d-amphetamine. That is, d-amphetamine evoked significant increases in motor behavior (swimming distances), heart rate and motor neuron firing frequency in food-deprived but not fed zebrafish larvae. The results extend the finding that signals arising from food deprivation are a key potentiator of the drug responses induced by d-amphetamine to the zebrafish model. The larval zebrafish is an ideal model to further elucidate this interaction and identify key neuronal substrates that may increase vulnerability to drug reinforcement, drug-seeking and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar Bansal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mitchell F Roitman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Erica E Jung
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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Montal E, Lumaquin D, Ma Y, Suresh S, White RM. Modeling the effects of genetic- and diet-induced obesity on melanoma progression in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:285858. [PMID: 36472402 PMCID: PMC9884122 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising concern and associated with an increase in numerous cancers, often in a sex-specific manner. Preclinical models are needed to deconvolute the intersection between obesity, sex and melanoma. Here, we generated a zebrafish system that can be used as a platform for studying these factors. We studied how germline overexpression of Agrp along with a high-fat diet affects melanomas dependent on BRAFV600E and loss of p53. This revealed an increase in tumor incidence and area in male, but not female, obese fish, consistent with the clinical literature. We then determined whether this was further affected by additional somatic mutations in the clinically relevant genes rb1 or ptena/b. We found that the male obesogenic effect on melanoma was present with tumors generated with BRAF;p53;Rb1 but not BRAF;p53;Pten. These data indicate that both germline (Agrp) and somatic (BRAF, Rb1) mutations contribute to obesity-related effects in melanoma. Given the rapid genetic tools available in the zebrafish, this provides a high-throughput system to dissect the interactions of genetics, diet, sex and host factors in obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Montal
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dianne Lumaquin
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yilun Ma
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard M. White
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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10
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Wada R, Takemi S, Matsumoto M, Iijima M, Sakai T, Sakata I. Molecular cloning and analysis of the ghrelin/GHSR system in Xenopus tropicalis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 331:114167. [PMID: 36402245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a gut-derived peptide with several physiological functions, including feeding, gastrointestinal motility, and hormonal secretion. Recently, a host defense peptide, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP2), was reported as an endogenous antagonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). The physiological relevance of the molecular LEAP2-GHS-R interaction in mammals has been explored; however, studies on non-mammals are limited. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of ghrelin and its related molecules in Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis), a known model organism. We first identified cDNA encoding X. tropicalis ghrelin and GHS-R. RT-qPCR revealed that ghrelin mRNA expression was most abundant in the stomach. GHS-R mRNA was widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues, and a relatively strong signal was observed in the stomach and intestine. In addition, LEAP2 was mainly expressed in intestinal tissues at higher levels than in the liver. In functional analysis, X. tropicalis ghrelin and human ghrelin induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization with EC50 values in the low nanomolar range in CHO-K1 cells expressing X. tropicalis GHS-R. Furthermore, ghrelin-induced GHS-R activation was antagonized with IC50 values in the nanomolar range by heterologous human LEAP2. We also validated the expression of ghrelin and feeding-related factors under fasting conditions. After 2 days of fasting, no changes in ghrelin mRNA levels were observed in the stomach, but GHS-R mRNA levels were significantly increased, associated with significant downregulation of nucb2. In addition, LEAP2 upregulation was observed in the duodenum. These results provide the first evidence that LEAP2 functions as an antagonist of GHS-R in the anuran amphibian X. tropicalis. It has also been suggested that the ghrelin/GHS-R/LEAP2 system may be involved in energy homeostasis in X. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Wada
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mio Matsumoto
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mio Iijima
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakai
- Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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11
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Effects of dietary eucommia ulmoides leaf extract on growth performance, expression of feeding-related genes, activities of digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, immunity and cytokines expression of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) larvae. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1711-1719. [PMID: 34789344 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 30-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, immunity, expression of inflammatory factors and feeding-related genes of large yellow croaker larvae. Five micro-diets were formulated with supplementation of 0 g kg-1 (the control), 5 g kg-1 (0·5 %), 10 g kg-1 (1·0 %) and 20 g kg-1 (2·0 %) of ELE, respectively. Results showed that the best growth performance was found in larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE. Furthermore, ELE supplementation significantly increased the npy expression at 1·0 % dosage, while increased ghrelin in larvae at 0·5 % dosages. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase in larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE was significantly higher than the control, while alkaline phosphatase was significantly upregulated in larvae fed the diet with 2·0 % ELE. A clear increase in total antioxidant capacity in larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE was observed, whereas catalase activity was significantly higher in 1·0 % and 2·0 % ELE supplementation compared with the control. Larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE had a significantly higher activities of lysozyme, total nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide content than the control. Moreover, transcriptional levels of cox-2, il-1β and il-6 were remarkably downregulated by the supplementation of 0·5-1·0 % ELE. This study demonstrated that the supplementation of 1·0 % ELE in diet could increase the growth performance of large yellow croaker larvae probably by promoting expression of feeding-related genes, enhancing antioxidant capacity and immunity and inhibiting expression of inflammatory factors.
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12
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Basto-Silva C, Couto A, Rodrigues J, Oliva-Teles A, Navarro I, Kaiya H, Capilla E, Guerreiro I. Feeding frequency and dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio affect feed intake and appetite regulation-related genes expression in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111168. [PMID: 35182764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of feeding frequency (FF) and dietary protein/carbohydrate (P/CH) ratios on appetite regulation of gilthead seabream, two practical diets were formulated to include high protein and low carbohydrate (P50/CH10 diet) or low protein and high carbohydrate (P40/CH20 diet) content and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish until visual satiation each meal at a FF of 1, 2, or 3 meals per day. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in fish fed 2 or 3 meals than 1 meal per day and in fish fed the P40/CH20 than the P50/CH10 diet. The specific growth rate was only affected by FF, being higher in fish fed 2 or 3 meals per day than 1 meal per day. Expression of the cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, ghrelin receptor-a (ghsr-a), leptin, and neuropeptide y in the brain, cholecystokinin (cck) in the intestine, and leptin and ghrelin in the stomach was not affected by FF or dietary P/CH ratio. This is the first time that ghrelin cells were immune-located in the stomach of gilthead seabream. Fish fed 3 meals per day presented lower cck expression in the brain than those fed twice per day and higher hepatic ghsr-b expression than those fed once per day. Fish fed P40/CH20 diet presented higher hepatic leptin expression than those fed P50/CH10 diet. In conclusion, present results indicate that feeding a P40/CH20 diet at 3 meals a day seems to decrease the satiation feeling of gilthead seabream compared to fish fed higher P/CH ratio diets or fed 1 or 2 meals a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Basto-Silva
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Couto
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Rodrigues
- FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Sinmachi, Suita, 564-8565 Osaka, Japan
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Guerreiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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13
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Han J, Liang X, Guo Y, Wu X, Li Z, Hong T. Agouti-related protein as the glucose signaling sensor in the central melanocortin circuits in regulating fish food intake. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1010472. [PMID: 36387900 PMCID: PMC9663815 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1010472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Agouti-related protein (AgRP) is a neuropeptide synthesized by AgRP/NPY neurons and transcribed as 132 amino acids in humans and 142 amino acids (AgRP1) in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) fish. AgRP neurons are activated by hormonal signals of energy deficits and inhibited by signals of energy surpluses and have been demonstrated to have the ability to sense the dynamics of blood glucose concentrations as the "glucose sensor" in mammals. It is widely recognized that AgRP is an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R) in the hypothalamus, exhibiting potent orexigenic activity and control of energy homeostasis. Most fish, especially carnivorous fish, cannot make efficient use of carbohydrates. When carbohydrates like corn or wheat bran are added as energy sources, they often cause feeding inhibition and metabolic diseases. When fishmeal is replaced by plant protein, this does not completely eliminate carbs, limiting the utilization of carbohydrates and plant proteins in aquaculture. Our previous study showed that AgRP, and not neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the principal protein molecule that correlates well with feeding behavior in Japanese seabass from anorexia to adaptation. The Ghrelin/Leptin-mTOR-S6K1-NPY/AgRP/POMC feed intake regulatory pathway responds to the plant-oriented protein which contains glucose. However, its regulatory function and mechanism are still not clear. This review offers an integrative overview of how glucose signals converge on a molecular level in AgRP neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. This is in order to control fish food intake and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofang Liang, ; Yanzhi Guo,
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- Department of Research Management, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofang Liang, ; Yanzhi Guo,
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tiannuo Hong
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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14
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Viral Infection Drives the Regulation of Feeding Behavior Related Genes in Salmo salar. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111391. [PMID: 34768822 PMCID: PMC8583931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding behavior in fish is a complex activity that relies on the ability of the brain to integrate multiple signals to produce appropriate responses in terms of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolic activity. Upon stress cues including viral infection or mediators such as the proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and cortisol, both Pomc and Npy/Agrp neurons from the hypothalamus are stimulated, thus triggering a response that controls both energy storage and expenditure. However, how appetite modulators or neuro-immune cues link pathogenesis and energy homeostasis in fish remains poorly understood. Here, we provide the first evidence of a molecular linkage between inflammation and food intake in Salmon salar. We show that in vivo viral challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) impacts food consumption by activating anorexic genes such as mc4r, crf, and pomcb and 5-HT in the brain of S. salar. At the molecular level, viral infection induces an overall reduction in lipid content in the liver, favoring the production of AA and EPA associated with the increment of elovl2 gene. In addition, infection upregulates leptin signaling and inhibits insulin signaling. These changes are accompanied by a robust inflammatory response represented by the increment of Il-1b, Il-6, Tnfa, and Pge2 as well as an increased cortisol level in vivo. Thus, we propose a model in which hypothalamic neurons respond to inflammatory cytokines and stress-related molecules and interact with appetite induction/inhibition. These findings provide evidence of crosstalk between pathogenesis-driven inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axes in stress-induced food intake behavior in fish.
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15
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Del Vecchio G, Murashita K, Verri T, Gomes AS, Rønnestad I. Leptin receptor-deficient (knockout) zebrafish: Effects on nutrient acquisition. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113832. [PMID: 34089707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, knockout of LEPR results in a hyperphagic, morbid obese, and diabetic phenotype, which supports that leptin plays an important role in the control of appetite and energy metabolism, and that its receptor, LEPR, mediates these effects. To date, little is known about the role(s) of lepr in teleost physiology. We investigated a zebrafish (Danio rerio) homozygous lepr knockout (lepr-/-) line generated by CRISPR/Cas9 in comparison to its wt counterpart with respect to nutrient acquisition, energy allocation, and metabolism. The metabolic characterization included oxygen consumption rate and morphometric parameters (yolk sac area, standard length, wet weight, and condition factor) as proxies for use and allocation of energy in developing (embryos, larvae, and juveniles) zebrafish and showed no particular differences between the two lines, in agreement with previous studies. One exception was found in oxygen consumption at 72 hpf, when zebrafish switch from embryonic to early larval stages and food-seeking behavior could be observed. In this case, the metabolic rate was significantly lower in lepr-/- than in wt. Both phenotypes showed similar responses, with respect to metabolic rate, to acute alterations (22 and 34 °C) in water temperature (measured in terms of Q10 and activation energy) compared to the standard (28 °C) rearing conditions. To assess lepr involvement in signaling the processing and handling of incoming nutrients when an exogenous meal is digested and absorbed, we conducted an in vivo analysis in lepr-/- and wt early (8 days post-fertilization) zebrafish larvae. The larvae were administered a bolus of protein hydrolysate (0%, 1%, 5%, and 15% lactalbumin) directly into the digestive tract lumen, and changes in the mRNA expression profile before and after (1 and 3 h) administration were quantified. The analysis showed transcriptional differences in the expressions of genes involved in the control of appetite and energy metabolism (cart, npy, agrp, and mc4r), sensing (casr, t1r1, t1r3, t1r2-1, t1r2-2, pept1a, and pept1b), and digestion (cck, pyy, try, ct, and amy), with more pronounced effects observed in the orexigenic than in the anorexigenic pathways, suggesting a role of lepr in their regulations. Differences in the mRNA levels of these genes in lepr-/-vs. wt larvae were also observed. Altogether, our analyses suggest an influence of lepr on physiological processes involved in nutrient acquisition, mainly control of food intake and digestion, during early development, whereas metabolism, energy allocation, and growth seem to be only slightly influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Del Vecchio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Koji Murashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway; Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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16
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Ahi EP, Tsakoumis E, Brunel M, Schmitz M. Transcriptional study reveals a potential leptin-dependent gene regulatory network in zebrafish brain. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1283-1298. [PMID: 34236575 PMCID: PMC8302498 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The signal mediated by leptin hormone and its receptor is a major regulator of body weight, food intake and metabolism. In mammals and many teleost fish species, leptin has an anorexigenic role and inhibits food intake by influencing the appetite centres in the hypothalamus. However, the regulatory connections between leptin and downstream genes mediating its appetite-regulating effects are still not fully explored in teleost fish. In this study, we used a loss of function leptin receptor zebrafish mutant and real-time quantitative PCR to assess brain expression patterns of several previously identified anorexigenic genes downstream of leptin signal under different feeding conditions (normal feeding, 7-day fasting, 2 and 6-h refeeding). These downstream factors include members of cart genes, crhb and gnrh2, as well as selected genes co-expressed with them based on a zebrafish co-expression database. Here, we found a potential gene expression network (GRN) comprising the abovementioned genes by a stepwise approach of identifying co-expression modules and predicting their upstream regulators. Among the transcription factors (TFs) predicted as potential upstream regulators of this GRN, we found expression pattern of sp3a to be correlated with transcriptional changes of the downstream gene network. Interestingly, the expression and transcriptional activity of Sp3 orthologous gene in mammals have already been implicated to be under the influence of leptin signal. These findings suggest a potentially conserved regulatory connection between leptin and sp3a, which is predicted to act as a transcriptional driver of a downstream gene network in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmanouil Tsakoumis
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Brunel
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Allmas Allé 5, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Schmitz
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Mylroie JE, Wilbanks MS, Kimble AN, To KT, Cox CS, McLeod SJ, Gust KA, Moore DW, Perkins EJ, Garcia‐Reyero N. Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid-Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Embryos in the Presence or Absence of the Chorion. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:780-791. [PMID: 33044770 PMCID: PMC7984204 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluorinated compound used in many industrial and consumer products. It has been linked to a broad range of adverse effects in several species, including zebrafish (Danio rerio). The zebrafish embryo is a widely used vertebrate model to elucidate potential adverse effects of chemicals because it is amenable to medium and high throughput. However, there is limited research on the full extent of the impact the chorion has on those effects. Results from the present study indicate that the presence of the chorion affected the timing and incidence of mortality as well as morphometric endpoints such as spinal curvature and swim bladder inflation in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS. Furthermore, removal of the chorion prior to exposure resulted in a lower threshold of sensitivity to PFOS for effects on transcriptional expression within the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) nuclear signaling pathway. Perturbation of PPAR pathway gene expression can result in disruption of metabolic signaling and regulation, which can adversely affect development, energy availability, and survival. It can be concluded that removal of the chorion has significant effects on the timing and incidence of impacts associated with PFOS exposure, and more research is warranted to fully elucidate the protective role of the chorion and the critical timing of these events. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:780-791. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell S. Wilbanks
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Ashley N. Kimble
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Kimberly T. To
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Catherine S. Cox
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Sheila J. McLeod
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Kurt A. Gust
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - David W. Moore
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
| | - Natàlia Garcia‐Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development CenterVicksburgMississippi
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18
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Ye H, Yang Y, Chen R, Shi X, Fang Y, Yang J, Dong Y, Chen L, Xia J, Wang C, Yang C, Feng J, Wang Y, Feng X, Lü C. Recognition of Invasive Prostate Cancer Using a GHRL Polypeptide Probe Targeting GHSR in a Mouse Model In Vivo. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1614-1621. [PMID: 31880242 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666191227160001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin (GHRL) is a polypeptide that can specifically bind to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). The expression of GHSR is significantly different in normal and prostate cancer (PC) tissues in humans. It is important to find an effective diagnostic method for the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive PC/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). METHODS GHRL and GHSR mRNA levels were determined by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in PC tissues. The expression of GHRL and GHSR proteins was assessed by Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. A GHRL polypeptide probe was synthesized by standard solid-phase polypeptide synthesis, and labeled with Alexa Fluor 660. Confocal microscopy was used to capture fluorescence images. Living imaging analysis showed tumor areas of different invasiveness in mice models. RESULTS The levels of GHRL and GHSR copy number amplification and mRNA expression were increased in invasive PC/NEPC, and the protein expression levels of GHRL and GHSR were similarly increased in NEPC. The GHRL polypeptide probe could effectively bind to GHSR. In PC3 cells, it was found that the GHRL probe specifically binds to GHSR on the cell membrane and accumulates in the cells through internalization after binding. Live imaging in mice models showed that there were different signal intensities in tumor areas with different invasiveness. CONCLUSION GHSR and GHRL might be used in molecular imaging diagnosis for invasive PC/NEPC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamao Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lü
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Huang W, Yao C, Liu Y, Xu N, Yin Z, Xu W, Miao Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Dietary Allicin Improved the Survival and Growth of Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) Larvae via Promoting Intestinal Development, Alleviating Inflammation and Enhancing Appetite. Front Physiol 2020; 11:587674. [PMID: 33162901 PMCID: PMC7583326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate effects of dietary allicin on survival, growth, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity and expression of inflammatory and appetite related genes in large yellow croaker larvae. Four iso-nitrogenous (53% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (19% crude lipid) diets were formulated via supplementing graded levels of allicin (0.0 (the control), 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02% dry diet, respectively). Results showed that, among dietary treatments, larvae fed the diet with 0.005% allicin had the highest survival rate (SR) (P < 0.05), while larvae fed the diet with 0.01% allicin had the highest specific growth rate (SGR) (P < 0.05). Activities of α-amylase in both pancreatic (PS) and intestine segments (IS) of larvae fed the diet with 0.01% allicin were significantly lower than that in the control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the supplementation of 0.01% allicin in diets significantly increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) of larvae than the control (P < 0.05), indicating the promoting roles of allicin on fish larval intestinal development. Moreover, compared to the control, both the nitric oxide (NO) content and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were significantly up-regulated in larvae fed the diet with 0.005% allicin, and catalase (CAT) were significantly upregulated in larvae fed the diet with 0.02% allicin (P < 0.05). Transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), interleukin-1β (il-1β) and interleukin-6 (il-6) significantly decreased with increasing allicin, compared to the control. The expression of appetite genes including npy, ghrelin and leptin significantly increased with the prolonged fasting period, and dietary allicin supplementation significantly increased the transcriptional level of neuropeptide Y (npy) at 0.01%, while increased the transcriptional level of leptin in larvae at 0.02% dosages (P < 0.05). These results showed that the supplementation of 0.005% – 0.01% allicin in diets could improve the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae probably by promoting intestinal development, alleviating inflammation and enhancing appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Youqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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20
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Kalananthan T, Lai F, Gomes AS, Murashita K, Handeland S, Rønnestad I. The Melanocortin System in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) and Its Role in Appetite Control. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:48. [PMID: 32973463 PMCID: PMC7471746 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system is a key neuroendocrine network involved in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis in vertebrates. Within the hypothalamus, the system comprises two main distinct neuronal cell populations that express the neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC; anorexigenic) or agouti-related protein (AGRP; orexigenic). Both bind to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in higher order neurons that control both food intake and energy expenditure. This system is relatively well-conserved among vertebrates. However, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), the salmonid-specific fourth round whole-genome duplication led to the presence of several paralog genes which might result in divergent functions of the duplicated genes. In the current study, we report the first comprehensive comparative identification and characterization of Mc4r and extend the knowledge of Pomc and Agrp in appetite control in Atlantic salmon. In silico analysis revealed multiple paralogs for mc4r (a1, a2, b1, and b2) in the Atlantic salmon genome and confirmed the paralogs previously described for pomc (a1, a2, and b) and agrp (1 and 2). All Mc4r paralogs are relatively well-conserved with the human homolog, sharing at least 63% amino acid sequence identity. We analyzed the mRNA expression of mc4r, pomc, and agrp genes in eight brain regions of Atlantic salmon post-smolt under two feeding states: normally fed and fasted for 4 days. The mc4ra2 and b1 mRNAs were predominantly and equally abundant in the hypothalamus and telencephalon, the mc4rb2 in the hypothalamus, and a1 in the telencephalon. All pomc genes were highly expressed in the pituitary, followed by the hypothalamus and saccus vasculosus. The agrp genes showed a completely different expression pattern from each other, with prevalent expression of the agrp1 in the hypothalamus and agrp2 in the telencephalon. Fasting did not induce any significant changes in the mRNA level of mc4r, agrp, or pomc paralogs in the hypothalamus or in other highly expressed regions between fed and fasted states. The identification and wide distribution of multiple paralogs of mc4r, pomc, and agrp in Atlantic salmon brain provide new insights and give rise to new questions of the melanocortin system in the appetite regulation in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floriana Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koji Murashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Research Center for Aquaculture Systems, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki, Japan
| | - Sigurd Handeland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Research Center, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Zarantoniello M, Randazzo B, Gioacchini G, Truzzi C, Giorgini E, Riolo P, Gioia G, Bertolucci C, Osimani A, Cardinaletti G, Lucon-Xiccato T, Milanović V, Annibaldi A, Tulli F, Notarstefano V, Ruschioni S, Clementi F, Olivotto I. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10648. [PMID: 32606335 PMCID: PMC7326965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects’ fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vesna Milanović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Tulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Ruschioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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22
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Li B, Ma S, Guo S, Li N, Liu D, Wang H, Zhai N, Zhang Y. Altered features of neurotransmitters: NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520919580. [PMID: 32436432 PMCID: PMC7243407 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520919580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the features of neuropeptide Y (NPY), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n = 384) and healthy volunteers (n = 80) were enrolled into this study. Serum NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP levels were detected using ELISA. RESULTS Significantly higher NPY and lower α-MSH and AgRP levels were observed in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, and the mean NPY levels increased, while α-MSH and AgRP levels decreased, with the development of hypertension compared with diabetic patients without hypertension. α-MSH and AgRP levels decreased with an increase in blood pressure in hypertension compared with the non-hypertension patients. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP levels were closely associated with blood pressure and glucose control. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses indicated that α-MSH may be a better marker compared with NPY and AgRP for regulating glucose and blood pressure and to distinguish between T2DM patients with and without hypertension. CONCLUSION NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP might play different roles and be closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Na Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yunliang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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23
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Ahi EP, Brunel M, Tsakoumis E, Schmitz M. Transcriptional study of appetite regulating genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with impaired leptin signalling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20166. [PMID: 31882937 PMCID: PMC6934527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone leptin is a key regulator of body weight, food intake and metabolism. In mammals, leptin acts as an anorexigen and inhibits food intake centrally by affecting the appetite centres in the hypothalamus. In teleost fish, the regulatory connections between leptin and other appetite-regulating genes are largely unknown. In the present study, we used a zebrafish mutant with a loss of function leptin receptor to investigate brain expression patterns of 12 orexigenic and 24 anorexigenic genes under different feeding conditions (normal feeding, 7-day fasting, 2 and 6-hours refeeding). Expression patterns were compared to wild-type zebrafish, in order to identify leptin-dependent differentially expressed genes under different feeding conditions. We provide evidence that the transcription of certain orexigenic and anorexigenic genes is influenced by leptin signalling in the zebrafish brain. We found that the expression of orexigenic genes was not affected by impaired leptin signalling under normal feeding conditions; however, several orexigenic genes showed increased transcription during fasting and refeeding, including agrp, apln, galr1a and cnr1. This suggests an inhibitory effect of leptin signal on the transcription of these orexigenic genes during short-term fasting and refeeding in functional zebrafish. Most pronounced effects were observed in the group of anorexigenic genes, where the impairment of leptin signalling resulted in reduced gene expression in several genes, including cart family, crhb, gnrh2, mc4r, pomc and spx, in the control group. This suggests a stimulatory effect of leptin signal on the transcription of these anorexigenic genes under normal feeding condition. In addition, we found multiple gain and loss in expression correlations between the appetite-regulating genes, in zebrafish with impaired leptin signal, suggesting the presence of gene regulatory networks downstream of leptin signal in zebrafish brain. The results provide the first evidence for the effects of leptin signal on the transcription of various appetite-regulating genes in zebrafish brain, under different feeding conditions. Altogether, these transcriptional changes suggest an anorexigenic role for leptin signal, which is likely to be mediated through distinct set of appetite-regulating genes under different feeding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Brunel
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCentrum, Allmas Allé 5, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emmanouil Tsakoumis
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Schmitz
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Christie S, O'Rielly R, Li H, Wittert GA, Page AJ. Biphasic effects of methanandamide on murine gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity. J Physiol 2019; 598:139-150. [PMID: 31642519 DOI: 10.1113/jp278696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The fine control of food intake is important for the maintenance of a healthy metabolic state. Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) are involved in the peripheral regulation of food intake via signalling the degree of distension of the stomach which ultimately leads to feelings of fullness and satiety. This study provides evidence that endocannabinoids such as anandamide are capable of regulating GVA sensitivity in a concentration-dependent biphasic manner. This biphasic effect is dependent upon interactions between the CB1, TRPV1 and GHSR receptors. These data have important implications for the peripheral control of food intake. ABSTRACT Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) signal to the hindbrain resulting in satiety. Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels. The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is expressed in the stomach, and its receptor CB1 is expressed in ghrelin-positive gastric mucosal cells. Further, TRPV1, CB1 and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor, GHSR) are expressed in subpopulations of GVA neurons. This study aimed to determine the interaction between TRPV1, CB1, GHSR and endocannabinoids in the modulation of GVA signalling. An in vitro electrophysiology preparation was used to assess GVA mechanosensitivity in male C57BL/6 mice. Effects of methanandamide (mAEA; 1-100 nm), on GVA responses to stretch were determined in the absence and presence of antagonists of CB1, TRPV1, GHSR, protein kinase-A (PKA), protein kinase-C (PKC) and G-protein subunits Gαi/o , or Gαq . Low doses (1-10 nm) of mAEA reduced GVA responses to 3 g stretch, whereas high doses (30-100 nm) increased the response. The inhibitory and excitatory effects of mAEA (1-100 nm) were reduced/lost in the presence of a CB1 and TRPV1 antagonist. PKA, Gαi/o or GHSR antagonists prevented the inhibitory effect of mAEA on GVA mechanosensitivity. Conversely, in the presence of a PKC or Gαq antagonist the excitatory effect of mAEA was reduced or lost, respectively. Activation of CB1, by mAEA, can activate or inhibit TRPV1 to increase or decrease GVA responses to stretch, depending on the pathway activated. These interactions could play an important role in the fine control of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Rebecca O'Rielly
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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25
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Volkoff H. Fish as models for understanding the vertebrate endocrine regulation of feeding and weight. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 497:110437. [PMID: 31054868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of eating disorders and obesity have increased worldwide in recent years. Their pathophysiologies are still unclear, but recent evidence suggests that they might be related to changes in endocrine and neural factors that regulate feeding and energy homeostasis. In order to develop efficient therapeutic drugs, a more thorough knowledge of the neuronal circuits and mechanisms involved is needed. Although to date, rodents have mostly been used models in the area of neuroscience and neuroendocrinology, an increasing number of studies use non-mammalian vertebrates, in particular fish, as model systems. Fish present several advantages over mammalian models and they share genetic and physiological homology to mammals with close similarities in the mechanisms involved in the neural and endocrine regulation of appetite. This review briefly describes the regulation of feeding in two model species, goldfish and zebrafish, how this regulation compares to that in mammals, and how these fish could be used for studies on endocrine regulation of eating and weight and its dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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