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Tadie MB, Yimer YS, Taye G. Determinants of COVID-19 severity in Ethiopia: a multicentre case-control study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083076. [PMID: 38803268 PMCID: PMC11328661 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was necessary to understand the determinants of severe COVID-19 in order to deliver targeted healthcare services to prevent further complications and mortality. Identifying the factors associated with severe COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is the aim of this study. DESIGN A case-control study was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022. SETTING The study was conducted at three public COVID-19 treatment centres including Ekka Kotebe General, St. Peter Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study participants were COVID-19 patients admitted to three COVID-19 treatment centres. Cases were patients admitted with severe COVID-19, and controls were patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. A total of 306 patients (153 cases and 153 controls) selected by simple random sampling technique participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES AND ANALYSIS Data were collected by a face-to-face or telephone interviewer using a structured questionnaire. COVID-19 admission category, clinical and biomedical characteristics and comorbidity-related data were extracted from the participant's medical record. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity. RESULTS The odds of being old were 4.54 times higher among severe COVID-19 cases (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.54, 95% CI=2.499 to 8.24), the odds of being male were 2.72 times higher among severe COVID-19 cases (AOR=2.72, 95% CI=1.46 to 5.057), being vaccinated for COVID-19 decreases the severity by 55.1% (AOR=0.449, 95% CI=0.251 to 0.801), having good knowledge about COVID-19 decreases by 65% (AOR=0.35%, 95% CI=0.195 to 0.63) among patients with severe COVID-19, the odds of being diabetic were 10.2 times higher among severe COVID-19 cases (AOR=10.2, 95% CI=4.596 to 22.61) and the odds of being hypertensive were 2.3 times higher among severe COVID-19 cases (AOR=2.26, 95% CI=1.092 to 4.685). CONCLUSION Male, older age, diabetes or hypertension comorbidity, COVID-19 vaccination and having inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 were determinant factors of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yimer Seid Yimer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Taye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wang S, Jang Q, Wang H, Yang Y, Ruan M, Yu J, Li X, Luo D. Sex differences in patients with COVID-19 after bariatric surgery: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1293318. [PMID: 38288424 PMCID: PMC10822963 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1293318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This multicenter, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether sex differences persist among patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and tested positive for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study via an online electronic questionnaire to collect data. Categorical data were presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Data for continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD) or median [interquartile range (IQR)]. We employed ordered logistic regression to assess whether females had higher odds of an increased self-reported duration of the most severe symptom compared to males. Using a modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors to assess the differences in clinical characteristics among COVID-19 cases. Results Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the prevalence rates of various comorbidities. Among participants who reported their temperature during COVID-19 infection, more than half engaged in vitamin supplementation and regular exercise, while 4.2% remained asymptomatic. The probability of females experiencing a longer duration of severe symptoms increased compared to males [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73-2.12]. In the multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis, compared to males, females exhibited a lower prevalence rate of asymptomatic infection [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28-0.58), lower prevalence of infection without therapeutic medication use (aPR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.82), and lower prevalence of multiple infections (aPR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.74)]. Conclusion This cross-sectional study indicates the persistence of sex differences among patients with COVID-19 who have undergone bariatric surgery. Further research is needed to explore the underlying factors contributing to this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Wang
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiubai Jang
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunning Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Ruan
- Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Juan Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Dan Luo
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Moyers SA, Hartwell M, Chiaf A, Greiner B, Oliver JA, Croff JM. Associations of Combustible Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette, and Dual Use With COVID Infection and Severity in the U.S.: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the 2021 National Health Information Survey. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231179675. [PMID: 37324057 PMCID: PMC10262671 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231179675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the potential respiratory health risks, the association of COVID infection and the use of combustible cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and concurrent dual use is a priority for public health. Many published reports have not accounted for known covarying factors. This study sought to calculate adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and disease severity as a function of smoking and ENDS use, while accounting for factors known to influence COVID infection and disease severity (i.e., age, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status and educational attainment, rural or urban environment, self-reported diabetes, COPD, coronary heart disease, and obesity status). Data from the 2021 U.S. National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional questionnaire design, were used to calculate both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and severity of symptoms. Results indicate that combustible cigarette use is associated with a lower likelihood of self-reported COVID infection relative to non-use of tobacco products (AOR = .64; 95% CI [.55, .74]), whereas ENDS use is associated with a higher likelihood of self-reported COVID infection (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI [1.04, 1.63]). There was no significant difference in COVID infection among dual users (ENDS and combustible use) when compared with non-users. Adjusting for covarying factors did not substantially change the results. There were no significant differences in COVID disease severity between those of varying smoking status. Future research should examine the relationship between smoking status and COVID infection and disease severity utilizing longitudinal study designs and non-self-report measures of smoking status (e.g., the biomarker cotinine), COVID infection (e.g., positive tests), and disease severity (e.g., hospitalizations, ventilator assistance, mortality, and ongoing symptoms of long COVID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susette A Moyers
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ashleigh Chiaf
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jason A Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Julie M Croff
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Zhu L, Zhong R, Qiu Y, Xie J, Hu Y, Yu X, Chang X, Wang W, Zhang L, Chen O, Cao H, Zou Y. Comparison of the baseline characteristics and influencing factors of successful smoking cessation before and during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36969983 PMCID: PMC10037426 DOI: 10.18332/tid/159237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Travel and living environment restrictions, which may have positive or negative effects on smoking-related behaviors, were implemented to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare the baseline clinical characteristics and smoking cessation (SC) rate at 3 months of patients in an SC clinic in Hunan Province, China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify influencing factors of successful SC. METHODS Healthy patients at the SC clinic aged ≥18 years before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic were divided into groups A and B, respectively. The two groups’ demographic data and smoking characteristics were compared, and SC interventions were applied by the same medical staff team through telephone follow-up and counselling during the SC procedure. RESULTS Groups A and B included 306 and 212 patients, respectively, with no significant differences in demographic data. The SC rates of group A (pre COVID-19) and group B (during the COVID-19 pandemic) at 3 months were 23.5% and 30.7%, respectively, after the first SC visit. Those who chose to quit immediately or within 7 days were more successful than those who did not choose a quit date (p=0.002, p=0.000). Patients who learned about the SC clinic via network resources and other methods were more likely to succeed than those who learned about the clinic from their doctor or hospital publications (p=0.064, p=0.050). CONCLUSIONS Planning to quit smoking immediately or within 7 days of visiting the SC clinic and learning about the SC clinic via the network media or other methods improved the likelihood of successful SC. SC clinics and the harm of tobacco should be promoted via network media. During consultation, the smokers should be encouraged to quit smoking immediately and establish an SC plan, which would help them to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Qiu
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianghua Xie
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yina Hu
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaochang Chang
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ouying Chen
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Zou
- Hunan Cancer hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Friske MM, Giannone F, Senger M, Seitz R, Hansson AC, Spanagel R. Chronic alcohol intake regulates expression of SARS-CoV2 infection-relevant genes in an organ-specific manner. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:76-86. [PMID: 36774629 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder have a tremendous impact on the patient's psychological and physiological health. There is evidence that chronic alcohol consumption influences SARS-CoV2 infection risk, but so far, the molecular mechanism underlying such an effect is unknown. METHODS We generated the expression data of SARS-CoV2 infection-relevant genes (Ace2, Tmprss2, and Mas) in different organs in rat models of chronic alcohol exposure and alcohol dependence. Ace2 and Tmprss2 represent the virus entry point, whereas Mas activates the anti-inflammatory response once the cells are infected. RESULTS Across three different chronic alcohol test conditions, we found a consistent upregulation of Ace2 gene expression in the lung, which has been shown to be the most affected organ in COVID-19 patients. Other organs such as liver, ileum, kidney, heart, and brain also showed upregulation of Ace2 and Mas gene expression but less consistently across the different animal models, while Tmprss2 expression was unaffected in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that alcohol-induced upregulation of Ace2 gene expression can lead to an elevated stochastic probability of virus entry into cells and may thus confer a molecular risk for SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Friske
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Giannone
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Senger
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Seitz
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita C Hansson
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Aguiar GBD, Dourado KF, Andrade MISD, Domingos Júnior IR, Barros-Neto JA, Vasconcelos SML, Petribú MDMV, Santos CMD, Moura MWSD, Aguiar CBD, Campos MIX, Santiago ERC, Silva JHLD, Simões SKDS, Rodrigues ACDM, França Filho JCDD, Souza NMMD, Santos TM. Frequency and factors associated with sarcopenia prediction in adult and elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111945. [PMID: 36064158 PMCID: PMC9443615 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 may develop symptoms that interfere with food intake. Systemic inflammatory response associated with physical inactivity and/or immobilization during hospital stay can induce weight and muscle loss leading to sarcopenia and worsening the clinical condition of these patients. The present study identifies the frequency and factors associated with sarcopenia prediction in adult and elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19. It is a cohort-nested cross-sectional study on adult and elderly patients admitted to wards and intensive care units (ICUs) of 8 hospitals in a northeastern Brazilian state. The study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2021. Sociodemographic, economic, lifestyle, and current and past clinical history variables were collected. Sarcopenia prediction was determined by the Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire compiled in the Remote-Malnutrition APP (R-MAPP). Patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia when the final score ≥ 4 points. The study included 214 patients with a mean age of 61.76 ± 16.91 years, of which 52.3 % were female and 57.5 % elderly. Sarcopenia prevailed in 40.7 % of the sample. Univariate analysis showed greater probability of sarcopenia in elderly individuals, nonpractitioners of physical activities, hypertensive patients, diabetic patients, and those hospitalized in the ICU. In the multivariate model, the type of hospital admission remained associated with sarcopenia prediction, where patients admitted to the ICU were 1.43 (95 % CI: 1.04; 1.97) more likely to have sarcopenia than those undergoing clinical treatment. Sarcopenia prediction was not associated with patient outcome (discharge, transfer, or death) (p = 0.332). The study highlighted an important percentage of sarcopenia prediction in patients with COVID-19, especially those admitted to the ICU. Additional investigations should be carried out to better understand and develop early diagnostic strategies to assist in the management of sarcopenic patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Barbosa de Aguiar
- Residency Program in Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Barão de Lucena, Academic Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Keila Fernandes Dourado
- Residency Program in Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Barão de Lucena, Academic Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cláudia Mota Dos Santos
- Residency Program in Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Barão de Lucena, Academic Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mayana Wanessa Santos de Moura
- Residency Program in Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Barão de Lucena, Academic Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Barbosa de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Morphotechnology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Hélio Luna da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity (PPGNAFPF), Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Thayná Menezes Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity (PPGNAFPF), Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória de Santo Antão, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Papava I, Dehelean L, Romosan RS, Bondrescu M, Dimeny CZ, Domuta EM, Bratosin F, Bogdan I, Grigoras ML, Tigmeanu CV, Gherman A, Marincu I. The Impact of Hyper-Acute Inflammatory Response on Stress Adaptation and Psychological Symptoms of COVID-19 Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6501. [PMID: 35682084 PMCID: PMC9180708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces a significant inflammatory response that are amplified by persistent stress. The pathophysiology of mental illnesses is explored in terms of inflammatory processes. Thus, anxious, depressed, or psychotic episodes may occur as a result of metabolic and immunological imbalances, as a direct result of their effect on the central nervous system, or as a side effect of the COVID-19 medication protocols. As such, the primary objective of this research is to establish if the psychological profiles of COVID-19 patients change substantially according to illness severity. The secondary objective is to determine if particular biological inflammatory indicators are associated with anxiety, sadness, psychoticism, and paranoid ideation. A cross-sectional study was performed on 90 hospitalized patients admitted during a 3-month period in the COVID-19 unit. All patients received the COPE-60 and SCL-90R questionnaires. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected and the information was classified according to the severity of COVID-19.The hyper-acute inflammation encountered in patients with severe COVID-19 infection characterized 80.0% of patients using disengagement coping methods, significantly more than patients with mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection severity (p-value = 0.012), respectively, 73.3% severe COVID-19 patients engaging in emotion-focused coping strategies based on the COPE-60 scale (p-value = 0.037). Additionally, it was determined that negative coping mechanisms (disengagement) and emotion-focused methods are independent risk factors for developing psychoticism symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on the SCL-90 questionnaire (OR = 2.07; CI = 1.44-3.01), respectively (OR = 2.92; CI = 1.44-3.01). Elevated white blood cells and monocytes and inflammatory markers, such as fibrinogen, procalcitonin, IL-6, and D-dimers, were also identified as risk factors for psychoticism symptoms in multivariate analysis. It is particularly important to consider the constant mental-state evaluation in patients with severe COVID-19 that might benefit from early intervention before psychotic symptoms onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Papava
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (L.D.); (R.S.R.); (M.B.)
- Center for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (L.D.); (R.S.R.); (M.B.)
- Center for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Radu Stefan Romosan
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (L.D.); (R.S.R.); (M.B.)
- Center for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mariana Bondrescu
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (L.D.); (R.S.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Zoltan Dimeny
- Department of Psychiatry, Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Eugenia Maria Domuta
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Piata 1 Decembrie 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.M.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.B.); (I.B.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Iulia Bogdan
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.B.); (I.B.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Mirela Loredana Grigoras
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.B.); (I.B.); (M.L.G.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Angelica Gherman
- Research Center for Medical Communication, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Iosif Marincu
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Piata 1 Decembrie 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.M.D.); (I.M.)
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Pang L, Kong J. The sale methods of betel nuts in China: cash back and low price repurchase. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35560848 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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The association between tobacco use and COVID-19 in Qatar. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101832. [PMID: 35607613 PMCID: PMC9116971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking prevalence in the total sample was only 11.0% Smokeless tobacco users may be at an increased risk for severe disease. Smoking was not associated with an increased risk of greater disease severity. Increased age and co-morbidities were the most important risk factors for severity. Considering limitations, COVID-19 severity may be affected by other factors.
The effects of smoking on COVID-19 are controversial. Some studies show no link between smoking and severe COVID-19, whereas others demonstrate a significant link. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among COVID-19 patients, examine the relationship between tobacco use and hospitalized COVID-19 (non-severe and severe), and quantify its risk factors. A random sample of 7430 COVID-19 patients diagnosed between 27 February-30 May 2020 in Qatar were recruited over the telephone to complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of tobacco smoking in the total sample was 11.0%, with 12.6% among those quarantined, 5.7% among hospitalized patients, and 2.5% among patients with severe COVID-19. Smokeless tobacco and e-cigarette use were reported by 3.2% and 0.6% of the total sample, respectively. We found a significant lower risk for hospitalization and severity of COVID-19 among current tobacco smokers (p < 0.001) relative to non-smokers (never and ex-smokers). Risk factors significantly related to an increased risk of being hospitalized with COVID-19 were older age (aged 55 + ), being male, non-Qatari, and those with heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, cancer, and chronic renal disease. Smokeless tobacco use, older age (aged 55 + ), being male, non-Qatari, previously diagnosed with heart disease and diabetes were significant risk factors for severe COVID-19. Our data suggests that only smokeless tobacco users may be at an increased risk for severe disease, yet this requires further investigation as other studies have reported smoking to be associated with an increased risk of greater disease severity.
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Kaffashian MR, Shirani M, Koupaei M, Sadeghifard N, Ahmadi I, Mozafari A, Nazari A, Heidary M, Khoshnood S. Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Procedures and Laboratory Parameters among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Ilam Province, Western Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:485-496. [PMID: 35813682 PMCID: PMC9214747 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is the last global threat which WHO confirmed it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In the Middle East, Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected. The epidemiological and economic challenges of Iran make this country a particularly relevant subject of study. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Ilam province, western of Iran. Methods Overall, 2204 hospitalized RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 were considered in this study. Electronic medical records, including clinical symptoms, radiological images, laboratory findings, and the comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 were collected and analyzed. In addition, the medication regimens used in these patients were evaluated. The patients were classified in discharged and died groups according to their outcomes. Then, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings as well as treatment regimens and underlying diseases were compared in these two groups. Results Among the patients, 1209 (54.85%) were male and 995 (45.14%) were female. Pneumonia, dyspnea and cough, were the most common clinical data in both discharged and died groups. Among the comorbidities, COPD, and cancer were significantly more common in the dead patients than in the living. The results of laboratory tests showed that blood creatinine, BUN, ESR, Na+, WBC, and neutrophil count have increased in deceased group compared to the survivors. However, the lymphocyte count decreased in deceased patients. The evaluation of radiographs demonstrated that there were significant correlations between bilateral pneumonia, ground glass opacity, bilateral patchy shadowing, and pleural effusion with death. Conclusion The current investigation indicated the special profile of COVID-19 in west of Iran. Discharged and dead patients with COVID-19 had distinct clinical, radiological and laboratory features, which were separated by principal component analysis. Identifying these characteristics of the disease would translate into the implementation of practical measures to improve results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kaffashian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ahmadi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aliashraf Mozafari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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The effects of air pollution, meteorological parameters, and climate change on COVID-19 comorbidity and health disparities: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY 2022; 4. [PMCID: PMC9568272 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants, especially particulate matter, and other meteorological factors serve as important carriers of infectious microbes and play a critical role in the spread of disease. However, there remains uncertainty about the relationship among particulate matter, other air pollutants, meteorological conditions and climate change and the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hereafter referred to as COVID-19. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify the relationship between air quality, meteorological conditions and climate change, and COVID-19 risk and outcomes, host related factors, co-morbidities and disparities. Out of a total of 170,296 scientific publications screened, 63 studies were identified that focused on the relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19. Additionally, the contribution of host related-factors, co-morbidities, and health disparities was discussed. This review found a preponderance of evidence of a positive relationship between PM2.5, other air pollutants, and meteorological conditions and climate change on COVID-19 risk and outcomes. The effects of PM2.5, air pollutants, and meteorological conditions on COVID-19 mortalities were most commonly experienced by socially disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. Results however, were not entirely consistent, and varied by geographic region and study. Opportunities for using data to guide local response to COVID-19 are identified.
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Karila L, Benyamina A. Addictions en temps de pandémie. LA PRESSE MÉDICALE FORMATION 2021. [PMCID: PMC8223019 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
L’Organisation mondiale de la santé a déclaré la maladie causée par le coronavirus 2 comme pandémie en mars 2020. Via les différentes mesures prises, un phénomène stressant psychosocial induit par cette épidémie a, dès lors, émergé en raison des difficultés financières, de l’isolement social et du caractère incertain du futur. L’ensemble des études nationales et internationales a mis en évidence une augmentation des usages de tabac, d’alcool et de substances illicites. Outre les comportements de consommation excessive, voire les décompensations addictives liées aux substances, il faut également prendre en considération l’usage excessif de la pornographie, des jeux de hasard et d’argent, des jeux vidéo essentiellement via Internet et l’exercice physique. La COVID-19 peut être à l’origine d’un certain nombre de conséquences et de complications chez les personnes souffrant de troubles liés à l’usage de substances licites ou illicites, population particulièrement vulnérable. Dans cette revue de la littérature narrative, nous analyserons les données concernant les comportements de consommation excessive et les addictions aux substances psychoactives licites et illicites et à certains types de comportements de la vie quotidienne. Nous avons, pour ce faire, utilisé les combinaisons de mots-clés pour sélectionner les articles scientifiques de langue anglaise et française publiés entre 2019 et 2021 en consultant les bases de données Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Google Scholar.
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Alberca RW, Rigato PO, Ramos YÁL, Teixeira FME, Branco ACC, Fernandes IG, Pietrobon AJ, Duarte AJDS, Aoki V, Orfali RL, Sato MN. Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in Frequent Alcohol Consumers With COVID-19. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689296. [PMID: 34150832 PMCID: PMC8206498 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can generate a systemic disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions worldwide, presenting huge health and economic challenges worldwide. Several risk factors, such as age, co-infections, metabolic syndrome, and smoking have been associated with poor disease progression and outcomes. Alcohol drinking is a common social practice among adults, but frequent and/or excessive consumption can mitigate the anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses. Therefore, we investigated if patients with self-reported daily alcohol consumption (DAC) presented alteration in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We investigated 122 patients with COVID-19 (101 male and 46 females), in which 23 were patients with DAC (18 men and 5 women) and 99 were non-DAC patients (58 men and 41 women), without other infections, neoplasia, or immunodeficiencies. Although with no difference in age, patients with DAC presented an increase in severity-associated COVID-19 markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. In addition, patients with DAC presented a reduction in the lymphocytes and monocytes counts. Importantly, the DAC group presented an increase in death rate in comparison with the non-DAC group. Our results demonstrated that, in our cohort, DAC enhanced COVID-19-associated inflammation, and increased the number of deaths due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Ordonhez Rigato
- Technical Division of Medical Biology, Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Branco
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Grigoletto Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Leão Orfali
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xie J, Zhong R, Wang W, Chen O, Zou Y. COVID-19 and Smoking: What Evidence Needs Our Attention? Front Physiol 2021; 12:603850. [PMID: 33815131 PMCID: PMC8012895 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.603850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although relevant studies show that the smoking rate of COVID-19 patients is relatively low, the current smoking status of people with COVID-19 cannot be accurately measured for reasons. Thus, it is difficult to assess the relationship between smoking and COVID-19. Smoking can increase the risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms and aggravate the condition of patients with COVID-19. Nicotine upregulates the expression of ACE2, which can also increase susceptibility to COVID-19, aggravatiing the disease. Although nicotine has certain anti-inflammatory effects, there is no evidence that it is related to COVID-19 treatment; therefore, smoking cannot be considered a preventative measure. Furthermore, smokers gathering and sharing tobacco may promote the spread of viruses. Despite the COVID-19 epidemic, the findings suggested that COVID-19 has not encouraged smokers to quit. Additionally, there is evidence that isolation at home has contributed to increased smoking behavior and increased quantities. Therefore, it is recommended that governments increase smoking cessation messaging as part of public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This review analyzes the existing research on smoking's impact on COVID-19 so that governments and medical institutions can develop evidence-based smoking-related prevention and control measures for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Xie
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ouying Chen
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Zou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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