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Saito R, Morikawa M, Muto T, Saito S, Kaji T, Ueda M. SlCYP94B18 and SlCYP94B19 monooxygenases for the catabolic turnover of jasmonates in tomato leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114141. [PMID: 38750708 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
(3R,7S)-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a plant hormone that regulates plant defense responses and other physiological functions. The mechanism of attenuation of JA-Ile signaling in the plant body is essential because prolonged JA-Ile signaling can be detrimental to plant survival. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP94B1/B3/C1, inactivate JA-Ile by converting it into 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (12-OH-JA-Ile), and CYP94C1 converts 12-OH-JA-Ile into 12-carboxy-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (12-COOH-JA-Ile). In the present study, we aimed to identify the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in the catabolic pathway of JA-Ile in tomato leaves. Based on a gene expression screening of SlCYP94 subfamily monooxygenases using qPCR and the time-course of JA-Ile catabolism, we identified SlCYP94B18 and SlCYP94B19 expressed in tomato leaves as candidate monooxygenases catalyzing the two-step catabolism of JA-Ile. An in vitro enzymatic assay using a yeast expression system revealed that these enzymes efficiently converted JA-Ile to 12-OH-JA-Ile, and then to 12-COOH-JA-Ile. SlCYP94B18 and SlCYP94B19 also catalyzed the oxidative catabolism of several JA-amino acid conjugates (JA-AAs), JA-Leu and JA-Val, in tomatoes. These results suggest that SlCYP94B18 and SlCYP94B19 plays a role in the two-step oxidation of JA-AAs, suggesting their broad involvement in regulating jasmonate signaling in tomatoes. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of jasmonate signaling in tomatoes and may help to improve tomato cultivation and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Saito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mai Morikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sayaka Saito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaji
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Xia R, Xu L, Hao J, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhu Z, Yu Y. Transcriptome Dynamics of Brassica juncea Leaves in Response to Omnivorous Beet Armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua, Hübner). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16690. [PMID: 38069011 PMCID: PMC10706706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous plants manufacture glucosinolates (GSLs) as special and important defense compounds against insects. However, how insect feeding induces glucosinolates in Brassica to mediate insect resistance, and how plants regulate the strength of anti-insect defense response during insect feeding, remains unclear. Here, mustard (Brassica juncea), a widely cultivated Brassica plant, and beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), an economically important polyphagous pest of many crops, were used to analyze the changes in GSLs and transcriptome of Brassica during insect feeding, thereby revealing the plant-insect interaction in Brassica plants. The results showed that the content of GSLs began to significantly increase after 48 h of herbivory by S. exigua, with sinigrin as the main component. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 8940 DEGs were identified in mustard challenged with beet armyworm larvae. The functional enrichment results revealed that the pathways related to the biosynthesis of glucosinolate and jasmonic acid were significantly enriched by upregulated DEGs, suggesting that mustard might provide a defense against herbivory by inducing JA biosynthesis and then promoting GSL accumulation. Surprisingly, genes regulating JA catabolism and inactivation were also activated, and both JA signaling repressors (JAZs and JAMs) and activators (MYCs and NACs) were upregulated during herbivory. Taken together, our results indicate that the accumulation of GSLs regulated by JA signaling, and the regulation of active and inactive JA compound conversion, as well as the activation of JA signaling repressors and activators, collectively control the anti-insect defense response and avoid over-stunted growth in mustard during insect feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhujun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (R.X.); (L.X.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Youjian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (R.X.); (L.X.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
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Uyehara AN, Del Valle-Echevarria AR, Hunter CT, Nelissen H, Demuynck K, Cahill JF, Gorman Z, Jander G, Muszynski MG. Cytokinin Promotes Jasmonic Acid Accumulation in the Control of Maize Leaf Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3014. [PMID: 37631225 PMCID: PMC10459232 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ growth results from the combined activity of cell division and cell expansion. The co-ordination of these two processes depends on the interplay between multiple hormones that determine the final organ size. Using the semidominant Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant that hypersignals the perception of cytokinin (CK), we show that CK can reduce leaf size and growth rate by decreasing cell division. Linked to CK hypersignaling, the Hsf1 mutant has an increased jasmonic acid (JA) content, a hormone that can inhibit cell division. The treatment of wild-type seedlings with exogenous JA reduces maize leaf size and growth rate, while JA-deficient maize mutants have increased leaf size and growth rate. Expression analysis revealed the increased transcript accumulation of several JA pathway genes in the Hsf1 leaf growth zone. A transient treatment of growing wild-type maize shoots with exogenous CK also induced the expression of JA biosynthetic genes, although this effect was blocked by the co-treatment with cycloheximide. Together, our results suggest that CK can promote JA accumulation, possibly through the increased expression of specific JA pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N. Uyehara
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | - Charles T. Hunter
- Chemistry Research, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.T.H.)
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - James F. Cahill
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Chemistry Research, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.T.H.)
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael G. Muszynski
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Li Y, Tang J, Qi Y, Yang F, Su X, Fu J, Han X, He C, Xu Y, Zhan K, Xia H, Wu J, Wang L. Elevating herbivore-induced JA-Ile enhances potato resistance to the polyphagous beet armyworm but not to the oligophagous potato tuber moth. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:357-367. [PMID: 36176057 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oligophagous potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, and the polyphagous beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, are two destructive pests of potato, and infestations can lead to serious reduction in potato yield. However, potato plant responses to the two herbivories are only poorly understood. Endogenous jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a signal responsible for the induction of plant anti-herbivore defenses. Elevation of JA-Ile by blocking its catabolism is considered to be an effective and sustainable approach to enhance plant resistance to insect pests. However, it is not clear whether this approach can enhance potato resistance to PTM and BAW. RESULTS We demonstrated that the transcriptional changes induced by simulated PTM and BAW feeding overlap to a large extent, and that 81.5% of the PTM- and 90.5% of the BAW-responsive genes were commonly regulated. We also generated potato transgenic lines, irStCYP94B3s, in which the three JA-Ile hydroxylases were all simultaneously silenced. These lines exhibited enhanced resistance only to BAW, but not to PTM, although levels of JA-Ile and its downstream induced defensive chemicals, including caffeoylputrescine, dicaffeoylspermidine, lyciumoside II, and the nicotianosides I, II, and VII, were all present at higher levels in PTM-infested than in BAW-infested irStCYP94B3s lines. CONCLUSION Our results provide support for the hypothesis that StCYP94B3 genes are able to act as potential targets for the control of polyphagous insect pests in potato, and reveal that the oligophagous PTM has evolved an effective mechanism to cope with JA-Ile-induced anti-herbivore defenses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinxiang Tang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuechen Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohang Su
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Yunnan State Farms Zhaotong Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd, Zhaotong, China
| | - Xiaonv Han
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Caihua He
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Youxian Xu
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Savchenko T, Degtyaryov E, Radzyukevich Y, Buryak V. Therapeutic Potential of Plant Oxylipins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314627. [PMID: 36498955 PMCID: PMC9741157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For immobile plants, the main means of protection against adverse environmental factors is the biosynthesis of various secondary (specialized) metabolites. The extreme diversity and high biological activity of these metabolites determine the researchers' interest in plants as a source of therapeutic agents. Oxylipins, oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, are particularly promising in this regard. Plant oxylipins, which are characterized by a diversity of chemical structures, can exert protective and therapeutic properties in animal cells. While the therapeutic potential of some classes of plant oxylipins, such as jasmonates and acetylenic oxylipins, has been analyzed thoroughly, other oxylipins are barely studied in this regard. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of all major classes of plant oxylipins, including derivatives of acetylenic fatty acids, jasmonates, six- and nine-carbon aldehydes, oxy-, epoxy-, and hydroxy-derivatives of fatty acids, as well as spontaneously formed phytoprostanes and phytofurans. The presented analysis will provide an impetus for further research investigating the beneficial properties of these secondary metabolites and bringing them closer to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeny Degtyaryov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Puschchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Prospect Nauki st., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Radzyukevich
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vlada Buryak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, str. 51, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Ye W, Bustos‐Segura C, Degen T, Erb M, Turlings TCJ. Belowground and aboveground herbivory differentially affect the transcriptome in roots and shoots of maize. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e426. [PMID: 35898557 PMCID: PMC9307387 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plants recognize and respond to feeding by herbivorous insects by upregulating their local and systemic defenses. While defense induction by aboveground herbivores has been well studied, far less is known about local and systemic defense responses against attacks by belowground herbivores. Here, we investigated and compared the responses of the maize transcriptome to belowground and aboveground mechanical damage and infestation by two well-adapted herbivores: the soil-dwelling western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the leaf-chewing fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In responses to both herbivores, maize plants were found to alter local transcription of genes involved in phytohormone signaling, primary and secondary metabolism. Induction by real herbivore damage was considerably stronger and modified the expression of more genes than mechanical damage. Feeding by the corn rootworm had a strong impact on the shoot transcriptome, including the activation of genes involved in defense and development. By contrast, feeding by the fall armyworm induced only few transcriptional changes in the roots. In conclusion, feeding by a leaf chewer and a root feeder differentially affects the local and systemic defense of maize plants. Besides revealing clear differences in how maize plants respond to feeding by these specialized herbivores, this study reveals several novel genes that may play key roles in plant-insect interactions and thus sets the stage for in depth research into the mechanism that can be exploited for improved crop protection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Extensive transcriptomic analyses revealed a clear distinction between the gene expression profiles in maize plants upon shoot and root attack, locally as well as distantly from the attacked tissue. This provides detailed insights into the specificity of orchestrated plant defense responses, and the dataset offers a molecular resource for further genetic studies on maize resistance to herbivores and paves the way for novel strategies to enhance maize resistance to pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Ye
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos‐Segura
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Degen
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
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Suntichaikamolkul N, Sangpong L, Schaller H, Sirikantaramas S. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of durian CYPome related to fruit ripening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260665. [PMID: 34847184 PMCID: PMC8631664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is a major economic crop native to Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, understanding durian fruit ripening is an important factor in its market worldwide, owing to the fact that it is a climacteric fruit with a strikingly limited shelf life. However, knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of durian fruit ripening is still limited. Herein, we focused on cytochrome P450, a large enzyme family that regulates many biosynthetic pathways of plant metabolites and phytohormones. Deep mining of the durian genome and transcriptome libraries led to the identification of all P450s that are potentially involved in durian fruit ripening. Gene expression validation by RT-qPCR showed a high correlation with the transcriptome libraries at five fruit ripening stages. In addition to aril-specific and ripening-associated expression patterns, putative P450s that are potentially involved in phytohormone metabolism were selected for further study. Accordingly, the expression of CYP72, CYP83, CYP88, CYP94, CYP707, and CYP714 was significantly modulated by external treatment with ripening regulators, suggesting possible crosstalk between phytohormones during the regulation of fruit ripening. Interestingly, the expression levels of CYP88, CYP94, and CYP707, which are possibly involved in gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, were significantly different between fast- and slow-post-harvest ripening cultivars, strongly implying important roles of these hormones in fruit ripening. Taken together, these phytohormone-associated P450s are potentially considered additional molecular regulators controlling ripening processes, besides ethylene and auxin, and are economically important biological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiwat Suntichaikamolkul
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lalida Sangpong
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ojeda-Martinez D, Martinez M, Diaz I, Estrella Santamaria M. Spider mite egg extract modifies Arabidopsis response to future infestations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17692. [PMID: 34489518 PMCID: PMC8421376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional plant responses are an important aspect of herbivore oviposition studies. However, most of our current knowledge is derived from studies using Lepidopteran models, where egg-laying and feeding are separate events in time. Little is known regarding plant response to pests where females feed and oviposit simultaneously. The present study characterized oviposition-induced transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis to Tetranychus urticae egg extracts. Transcriptional evidence indicates that early events in plant response to the egg extract involve responses typical to biotic stresses, which include the alteration in the levels of Ca2+ and ROS, the modification of pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid and ethylene, and the production of volatiles and glucosinolates as defence mechanisms. These molecular changes affect female fertility, which was significantly reduced when mites fed on plants pre-exposed to the egg extract. However, longer periods of plant exposure to egg extract cause changes in the transcriptional response of the plant reveal a trend to a decrease in the activation of the defensive response. This alteration correlated with a shift at 72 h of exposition in the effect of the mite feeding. At that point, plants become more susceptible and suffer higher damage when challenged by the mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairon Ojeda-Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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Singh A, Panwar R, Mittal P, Hassan MI, Singh IK. Plant cytochrome P450s: Role in stress tolerance and potential applications for human welfare. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:874-886. [PMID: 34175340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a versatile group of enzymes and one of the largest families of proteins, controlling various physiological processes via biosynthetic and detoxification pathways. CYPs perform multiple roles through a critical irreversible enzymatic reaction in which an oxygen atom is inserted within hydrophobic molecules, converting them into the reactive and hydro soluble components. During evolution, plants have acquired significantly more number of CYPs and represent about 1% of the encoded genes . CYPs are highly conserved proteins involved in growth, development and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, CYPs reinforce plants' molecular and chemical defense mechanisms by regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and controlling biosynthesis and homeostasis of phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates. Thus, they are the critical targets of metabolic engineering for enhancing plant defense against environmental stresses. Additionally, CYPs are also used as biocatalysts in the fields of pharmacology and phytoremediation. Herein, we highlight the role of CYPs in plant stress tolerance and their applications for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
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10
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Mitu SA, Ogbourne SM, Klein AH, Tran TD, Reddell PW, Cummins SF. The P450 multigene family of Fontainea and insights into diterpenoid synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33879061 PMCID: PMC8058993 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are enzymes that play critical roles in the biosynthesis of physiologically important compounds across all organisms. Although they have been characterised in a large number of plant species, no information relating to these enzymes are available from the genus Fontainea (family Euphorbiaceae). Fontainea is significant as the genus includes species that produce medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane natural products, one of which has been approved as an anti-cancer therapeutic. RESULTS A comparative species leaf metabolome analysis showed that Fontainea species possess a chemical profile different from various other plant species. The diversity and expression profiles of Fontainea P450s were investigated from leaf and root tissue. A total of 103 and 123 full-length P450 genes in Fontainea picrosperma and Fontainea venosa, respectively (and a further 127/125 partial-length) that were phylogenetically classified into clans, families and subfamilies. The majority of P450 identified are most active within root tissue (66.2% F. picrosperma, 65.0% F. venosa). Representatives within the CYP71D and CYP726A were identified in Fontainea that are excellent candidates for diterpenoid synthesis, of which CYP726A1, CYP726A2 and CYP71D1 appear to be exclusive to Fontainea species and were significantly more highly expressed in root tissue compared to leaf tissue. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive overview of the P450 gene family in Fontainea that may provide important insights into the biosynthesis of the medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane diterpenes found within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida A. Mitu
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Anne H. Klein
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Trong D. Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | | | - Scott F. Cummins
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
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11
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Kimberlin A, Holtsclaw RE, Koo AJ. Differential Regulation of the Ribosomal Association of mRNA Transcripts in an Arabidopsis Mutant Defective in Jasmonate-Dependent Wound Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637959. [PMID: 33777072 PMCID: PMC7990880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a powerful oxylipin responsible for the genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming in plants that results in major physiological shifts from growth to defense. The double T-DNA insertion Arabidopsis mutant, cyp94b1cyp94b3 (b1b3), defective in cytochrome p450s, CYP94B1 and CYP94B3, which are responsible for oxidizing JA-Ile, accumulates several fold higher levels of JA-Ile yet displays dampened JA-Ile-dependent wound responses-the opposite of what is expected. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that while the transcriptional response to wounding was largely unchanged in b1b3 compared to wild type (WT), many proteins were found to be significantly reduced in the mutant, which was verified by immunoblot analyses of marker proteins. To understand this protein phenotype and their hypothesized contribution to the b1b3 phenotypes, wounded rosette leaf samples from both WT and b1b3 were subject to a translating ribosome affinity purification RNA sequencing analysis. More than 1,600 genes whose transcripts do not change in abundance by wounding changed their association with the ribosomes after wounding in WT leaves. Consistent with previous observations, the total pool of mRNA transcripts was similar between WT and b1b3; however, the ribosome-associated pool of transcripts was changed significantly. Most notably, fewer transcripts were associated with the ribosome pool in b1b3 than in WT, potentially explaining the reduction of many proteins in the mutant. Among those genes with fewer ribosome-associated transcripts in b1b3 were genes relating to stress response, specialized metabolism, protein metabolism, ribosomal subunits, and transcription factors, consistent with the biochemical phenotypes of the mutant. These results show previously unrecognized regulations at the translational level that are affected by misregulation of JA homeostasis during the wound response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen Kimberlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebekah E. Holtsclaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Abraham J. Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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12
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Xu CJ, Zhao ML, Chen MS, Xu ZF. Silencing of the Ortholog of DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 Gene in the Woody Perennial Jatropha curcas Alters Flower and Fruit Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238923. [PMID: 33255510 PMCID: PMC7727821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we isolated the JcDAD1 gene, an ortholog of Arabidopsis DAD1 in Jatropha curcas, and found that it is mainly expressed in the stems, roots, and male flowers of Jatropha. JcDAD1-RNAi transgenic plants with low endogenous jasmonate levels in inflorescences exhibited more and larger flowers, as well as a few abortive female flowers, although anther and pollen development were normal. In addition, fruit number was increased and the seed size, weight, and oil contents were reduced in the transgenic Jatropha plants. These results indicate that JcDAD1 regulates the development of flowers and fruits through the JA biosynthesis pathway, but does not alter androecium development in Jatropha. These findings strengthen our understanding of the roles of JA and DAD1 in the regulation of floral development in woody perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (Z.-F.X.)
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (Z.-F.X.)
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13
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Zhou Q, Galindo-González L, Manolii V, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Rutabaga ( Brassica napus) Cultivars Indicates Activation of Salicylic Acid and Ethylene-Mediated Defenses in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218381. [PMID: 33171675 PMCID: PMC7664628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is an important soilborne disease of Brassica napus L. and other crucifers. To improve understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and pathogenesis in the clubroot pathosystem, the rutabaga (B. napus subsp. rapifera Metzg) cultivars ‘Wilhelmsburger’ (resistant) and ‘Laurentian’ (susceptible) were inoculated with P. brassicae pathotype 3A and their transcriptomes were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation (dai) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Thousands of transcripts with significant changes in expression were identified in each host at each time-point in inoculated vs. non-inoculated plants. Molecular responses at 7 and 14 dai supported clear differences in the clubroot response mechanisms of the two genotypes. Both the resistant and the susceptible cultivars activated receptor-like protein (RLP) genes, resistance (R) genes, and genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) signaling as clubroot defense mechanisms. In addition, genes related to calcium signaling and genes encoding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases, the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) protein, and transcription factors such as WRKYs, ethylene responsive factors, and basic leucine zippers (bZIPs), appeared to be upregulated in ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to restrict P. brassicae development. Some of these genes are essential components of molecular defenses, including ethylene (ET) signaling and the oxidative burst. Our study highlights the importance of activation of genes associated with SA- and ET-mediated responses in the resistant cultivar. A set of candidate genes showing contrasting patterns of expression between the resistant and susceptible cultivars was identified and includes potential targets for further study and validation through approaches such as gene editing.
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14
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Marquis V, Smirnova E, Poirier L, Zumsteg J, Schweizer F, Reymond P, Heitz T. Stress- and pathway-specific impacts of impaired jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) catabolism on defense signalling and biotic stress resistance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1558-1570. [PMID: 32162701 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate synthesis and signalling are essential for plant defense upregulation upon herbivore or microbial attacks. Stress-induced accumulation of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), the bioactive hormonal form triggering transcriptional changes, is dynamic and transient because of the existence of potent removal mechanisms. Two JA-Ile turnover pathways operate in Arabidopsis, consisting in cytochrome P450 (CYP94)-mediated oxidation and deconjugation by the amidohydrolases IAR3/ILL6. Understanding their impacts was previously blurred by gene redundancy and compensation mechanisms. Here we address the consequences of blocking these pathways on jasmonate homeostasis and defenses in double-2ah, triple-3cyp mutants, and a quintuple-5ko line deficient in all known JA-Ile-degrading activities. These lines reacted differently to either mechanical wounding/insect attack or fungal infection. Both pathways contributed additively to JA-Ile removal upon wounding, but their impairement had opposite impacts on insect larvae feeding. By contrast, only the ah pathway was essential for JA-Ile turnover upon infection by Botrytis, yet only 3cyp was more fungus-resistant. Despite building-up extreme JA-Ile levels, 5ko displayed near-wild-type resistance in both bioassays. Molecular analysis indicated that restrained JA-Ile catabolism resulted in enhanced defense/resistance only when genes encoding negative regulators were not simultaneously overstimulated. This occurred in discrete stress- and pathway-specific combinations, providing a framework for future defense-enhancing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Marquis
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Poirier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Zumsteg
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Gollan PJ, Aro EM. Photosynthetic signalling during high light stress and recovery: targets and dynamics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190406. [PMID: 32362249 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus is one of the major primary sensors of the plant's external environment. Changes in environmental conditions affect the balance between harvested light energy and the capacity to deal with excited electrons in the stroma, which alters the redox homeostasis of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Disturbances to redox balance activate photosynthetic regulation mechanisms and trigger signalling cascades that can modify the transcription of nuclear genes. H2O2 and oxylipins have been identified as especially prominent regulators of gene expression in response to excess light stress. This paper explores the hypothesis that photosynthetic imbalance triggers specific signals that target discrete gene profiles and biological processes. Analysis of the major retrograde signalling pathways engaged during high light stress and recovery demonstrates both specificity and overlap in gene targets. This work reveals distinct, time-resolved profiles of gene expression that suggest a regulatory interaction between rapidly activated abiotic stress response and induction of secondary metabolism and detoxification processes during recovery. The findings of this study show that photosynthetic electron transport provides a finely tuned sensor for detecting and responding to the environment through chloroplast retrograde signalling. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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16
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Al-Zahrani W, Bafeel SO, El-Zohri M. Jasmonates mediate plant defense responses to Spodoptera exigua herbivory in tomato and maize foliage. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1746898. [PMID: 32290765 PMCID: PMC7238883 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1746898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolve diverse strategies to cope with herbivorous insects, in which the lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) plays a crucial role. This study was conducted to investigate the differential responses of tomato and maize plants to Spodoptera exiguaherbivory and to clarify the role played by JA, methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-L-Ile) in their defense responses. JA, MeJA and JA-L-Ile were quantified using HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that maize plant was more tolerant toS. exiguaherbivory than tomato. Spodopteraexigua attack induced JA, MeJA, and JA-L-Ile to high levels after 2 h of infestation in both test plants. Then, all studied JAsconcentration decreased gradually by increasing infestation time up to 1 week. JA concentration in infested maize was much higher than that in infested tomato leaves. However, MeJA concentration in infested tomato leaves was higher than that in maize. In control plants, JA was not recorded, while MeJA was recorded in comparable values both in tomato and maize. Our results showed that JA plays the main role in increasing defense responses to S. exigua infestation in the studied plants as a direct signaling molecule; however, MeJA could play an indirect role by inducing JA accumulation. JA-L-Ile indicated a less efficient role in defense responses to S. exigua attack in both test plants where its level is much lower than JA and MeJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera O. Bafeel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal El-Zohri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- CONTACT Manal El-Zohri Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Wu F, Deng L, Zhai Q, Zhao J, Chen Q, Li C. Mediator Subunit MED25 Couples Alternative Splicing of JAZ Genes with Fine-Tuning of Jasmonate Signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:429-448. [PMID: 31852773 PMCID: PMC7008490 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) transcriptional repressors are key regulators of jasmonate (JA) signaling in plants. At the resting stage, the C-terminal Jas motifs of JAZ proteins bind the transcription factor MYC2 to repress JA signaling. Upon hormone elicitation, the Jas motif binds the hormone receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1, which mediates proteasomal degradation of JAZs and thereby allowing the Mediator subunit MED25 to activate MYC2. Subsequently, plants desensitize JA signaling by feedback generation of dominant JAZ splice variants that repress MYC2. Here we report the mechanistic function of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MED25 in regulating the alternative splicing of JAZ genes through recruiting the splicing factors PRE-mRNA-PROCESSING PROTEIN 39a (PRP39a) and PRP40a. We demonstrate that JA-induced generation of JAZ splice variants depends on MED25 and that MED25 recruits PRP39a and PRP40a to promote the full splicing of JAZ genes. Therefore, MED25 forms a module with PRP39a and PRP40a to prevent excessive desensitization of JA signaling mediated by JAZ splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Poudel AN, Holtsclaw RE, Kimberlin A, Sen S, Zeng S, Joshi T, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Singh K, Matsuura H, Koo AJ. 12-Hydroxy-Jasmonoyl-l-Isoleucine Is an Active Jasmonate That Signals through CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 and Contributes to the Wound Response in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2152-2166. [PMID: 31150089 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine (12OH-JA-Ile) is a metabolite in the catabolic pathway of the plant hormone jasmonate, and is synthesized by the cytochrome P450 subclade 94 enzymes. Contrary to the well-established function of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) as the endogenous bioactive form of jasmonate, the function of 12OH-JA-Ile is unclear. Here, the potential role of 12OH-JA-Ile in jasmonate signaling and wound response was investigated. Exogenous application of 12OH-JA-Ile mimicked several JA-Ile effects including marker gene expression, anthocyanin accumulation and trichome induction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome-wide transcriptomics and untargeted metabolite analyses showed large overlaps between those affected by 12OH-JA-Ile and JA-Ile. 12OH-JA-Ile signaling was blocked by mutation in CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1. Increased anthocyanin accumulation by 12OH-JA-Ile was additionally observed in tomato and sorghum, and was disrupted by the COI1 defect in tomato jai1 mutant. In silico ligand docking predicted that 12OH-JA-Ile can maintain many of the key interactions with COI1-JAZ1 residues identified earlier by crystal structure studies using JA-Ile as ligand. Genetic alternation of jasmonate metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis to deplete both JA-Ile and 12OH-JA-Ile displayed enhanced jasmonate deficient wound phenotypes and was more susceptible to insect herbivory than that depleted in only JA-Ile. Conversely, mutants overaccumulating 12OH-JA-Ile showed intensified wound responses compared with wild type with similar JA-Ile content. These data are indicative of 12OH-JA-Ile functioning as an active jasmonate signal and contributing to wound and defense response in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati N Poudel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebekah E Holtsclaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Athen Kimberlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sidharth Sen
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Metabolomics Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, MO, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Metabolomics Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, MO, USA
| | - Kamlendra Singh
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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19
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Hazman M, Sühnel M, Schäfer S, Zumsteg J, Lesot A, Beltran F, Marquis V, Herrgott L, Miesch L, Riemann M, Heitz T. Characterization of Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine (JA-Ile) Hormonal Catabolic Pathways in Rice upon Wounding and Salt Stress. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:45. [PMID: 31240493 PMCID: PMC6592992 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonate (JA) signaling and functions have been established in rice development and response to a range of biotic or abiotic stress conditions. However, information on the molecular actors and mechanisms underlying turnover of the bioactive jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is very limited in this plant species. RESULTS Here we explored two gene families in rice in which some members were described previously in Arabidopsis to encode enzymes metabolizing JA-Ile hormone, namely cytochrome P450 of the CYP94 subfamily (CYP94, 20 members) and amidohydrolases (AH, 9 members). The CYP94D subclade, of unknown function, was most represented in the rice genome with about 10 genes. We used phylogeny and gene expression analysis to narrow the study to candidate members that could mediate JA-Ile catabolism upon leaf wounding used as mimic of insect chewing or seedling exposure to salt, two stresses triggering jasmonate metabolism and signaling. Both treatments induced specific transcriptional changes, along with accumulation of JA-Ile and a complex array of oxidized jasmonate catabolites, with some of these responses being abolished in the JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (jar1) mutant. However, upon response to salt, a lower dependence on JAR1 was evidenced. Dynamics of CYP94B5, CYP94C2, CYP94C4 and AH7 transcripts matched best the accumulation of JA-Ile catabolites. To gain direct insight into JA-Ile metabolizing activities, recombinant expression of some selected genes was undertaken in yeast and bacteria. CYP94B5 was demonstrated to catalyze C12-hydroxylation of JA-Ile, whereas similarly to its Arabidopsis bi-functional homolog IAR3, AH8 performed cleavage of JA-Ile and auxin-alanine conjugates. CONCLUSIONS Our data shed light on two rice gene families encoding enzymes related to hormone homeostasis. Expression data along with JA profiling and functional analysis identifies likely actors of JA-Ile catabolism in rice seedlings. This knowledge will now enable to better understand the metabolic fate of JA-Ile and engineer optimized JA signaling under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hazman
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, 12619 Egypt
| | - Martin Sühnel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandra Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julie Zumsteg
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Lesot
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fréderic Beltran
- Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie (SOPhy), Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Marquis
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Herrgott
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie (SOPhy), Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Riemann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Zhang C, Gao M, Seitz NC, Angel W, Hallworth A, Wiratan L, Darwish O, Alkharouf N, Dawit T, Lin D, Egoshi R, Wang X, McClung CR, Lu H. LUX ARRHYTHMO mediates crosstalk between the circadian clock and defense in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31186426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10485-10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is known to regulate plant innate immunity but the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains largely unclear. We show here that mutations in the core clock component LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) disrupt circadian regulation of stomata under free running and Pseudomonas syringae challenge conditions as well as defense signaling mediated by SA and JA, leading to compromised disease resistance. RNA-seq analysis reveals that both clock- and defense-related genes are regulated by LUX. LUX binds to clock gene promoters that have not been shown before, expanding the clock gene networks that require LUX function. LUX also binds to the promoters of EDS1 and JAZ5, likely acting through these genes to affect SA- and JA-signaling. We further show that JA signaling reciprocally affects clock activity. Thus, our data support crosstalk between the circadian clock and plant innate immunity and imply an important role of LUX in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Nicholas C Seitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - William Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Amelia Hallworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Linda Wiratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Omar Darwish
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Nadim Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Teklu Dawit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Daniela Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Riki Egoshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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21
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Zhang C, Gao M, Seitz NC, Angel W, Hallworth A, Wiratan L, Darwish O, Alkharouf N, Dawit T, Lin D, Egoshi R, Wang X, McClung CR, Lu H. LUX ARRHYTHMO mediates crosstalk between the circadian clock and defense in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2543. [PMID: 31186426 PMCID: PMC6560066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is known to regulate plant innate immunity but the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains largely unclear. We show here that mutations in the core clock component LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) disrupt circadian regulation of stomata under free running and Pseudomonassyringae challenge conditions as well as defense signaling mediated by SA and JA, leading to compromised disease resistance. RNA-seq analysis reveals that both clock- and defense-related genes are regulated by LUX. LUX binds to clock gene promoters that have not been shown before, expanding the clock gene networks that require LUX function. LUX also binds to the promoters of EDS1 and JAZ5, likely acting through these genes to affect SA- and JA-signaling. We further show that JA signaling reciprocally affects clock activity. Thus, our data support crosstalk between the circadian clock and plant innate immunity and imply an important role of LUX in this process. Circadian control of plant defence likely reflects plants’ ability to coordinate development and defense. Here, Zhang et al. show that LUX regulates stomatal defense and SA/JA signaling, leading to broad-spectrum disease resistance, and that JA signaling can, in turn, regulate clock activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.,Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Nicholas C Seitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - William Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Amelia Hallworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Linda Wiratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Omar Darwish
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Nadim Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Teklu Dawit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Daniela Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Riki Egoshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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22
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Mutation of ACX1, a Jasmonic Acid Biosynthetic Enzyme, Leads to Petal Degeneration in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092310. [PMID: 31083282 PMCID: PMC6539522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Petal color, size, and morphology play important roles in protecting other floral organs, attracting pollinators, and facilitating sexual reproduction in plants. In a previous study, we obtained a petal degeneration mutant (pdm) from the ‘FT’ doubled haploid line of Chinese cabbage and found that the candidate gene for pdm, Bra040093, encodes the enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase1. In this study, we sought to examine the gene networks regulating petal development in pdm plants. We show that the mRNA and protein expression of Bra040093, which is involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway, were significantly lower in the petals of pdm plants than in those of ‘FT’ plants. Similarly, the JA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) contents of petals were significantly lower in pdm plants than in ‘FT’ plants and we found that exogenous application of these hormones to the inflorescences of pdm plants restored the ‘FT’ phenotype. Comparative analyses of the transcriptomes of ‘FT’, pdm and pdm + JA (pJA) plants revealed 10,160 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with consistent expression tendencies in ‘FT’ vs. pdm and pJA vs. pdm comparisons. Among these DEGs, we identified 69 DEGs related to floral organ development, 11 of which are involved in petal development regulated by JA. On the basis of qRT-PCR verification, we propose regulatory pathways whereby JA may mediate petal development in the pdm mutant. We demonstrate that mutation of Bra040093 in pdm plants leads to reduced JA levels and that this in turn promotes changes in the expression of genes that are expressed in response to JA, ultimately resulting in petal degeneration. These findings thus indicate that JA is associated with petal development in Chinese cabbage. These results enhance our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying petal development and lay the foundations for further elucidation of the mechanisms associated with floral organ development in Chinese cabbage.
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23
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Lunde C, Kimberlin A, Leiboff S, Koo AJ, Hake S. Tasselseed5 overexpresses a wound-inducible enzyme, ZmCYP94B1, that affects jasmonate catabolism, sex determination, and plant architecture in maize. Commun Biol 2019; 2:114. [PMID: 30937397 PMCID: PMC6433927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is monecious, with separate male and female inflorescences. Maize flowers are initially bisexual but achieve separate sexual identities through organ arrest. Loss-of-function mutants in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway have only female flowers due to failure to abort silks in the tassel. Tasselseed5 (Ts5) shares this phenotype but is dominant. Positional cloning and transcriptomics of tassels identified an ectopically expressed gene in the CYP94B subfamily, Ts5 (ZmCYP94B1). CYP94B enzymes are wound inducible and inactivate bioactive jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Consistent with this result, tassels and wounded leaves of Ts5 mutants displayed lower JA and JA-lle precursors and higher 12OH-JA-lle product than the wild type. Furthermore, many wounding and jasmonate pathway genes were differentially expressed in Ts5 tassels. We propose that the Ts5 phenotype results from the interruption of JA signaling during sexual differentiation via the upregulation of ZmCYP94B1 and that its proper expression maintains maize monoecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- China Lunde
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA
| | - Athen Kimberlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Samuel Leiboff
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA
| | - Abraham J. Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Sarah Hake
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA
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24
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Liu Y, Du M, Deng L, Shen J, Fang M, Chen Q, Lu Y, Wang Q, Li C, Zhai Q. MYC2 Regulates the Termination of Jasmonate Signaling via an Autoregulatory Negative Feedback Loop. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:106-127. [PMID: 30610166 PMCID: PMC6391702 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as in other plants, the immunity hormone jasmonate (JA) triggers genome-wide transcriptional changes in response to pathogen and insect attack. These changes are largely regulated by the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MYC2. The function of MYC2 depends on its physical interaction with the MED25 subunit of the Mediator transcriptional coactivator complex. Although much has been learned about the MYC2-dependent transcriptional activation of JA-responsive genes, relatively less studied is the termination of JA-mediated transcriptional responses and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we report an unexpected function of MYC2 in regulating the termination of JA signaling through activating a small group of JA-inducible bHLH proteins, termed MYC2-TARGETED BHLH1 (MTB1), MTB2, and MTB3. MTB proteins negatively regulate JA-mediated transcriptional responses via their antagonistic effects on the functionality of the MYC2-MED25 transcriptional activation complex. MTB proteins impair the formation of the MYC2-MED25 complex and compete with MYC2 to bind to its target gene promoters. Therefore, MYC2 and MTB proteins form an autoregulatory negative feedback circuit to terminate JA signaling in a highly organized manner. We provide examples demonstrating that gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 open up new avenues to exploit MTB genes for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Minmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiafang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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25
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonates: News on Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Action of an Ancient Group of Signaling Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2539. [PMID: 30150593 PMCID: PMC6164985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Jasmonic acid (JA) and its related derivatives are ubiquitously occurring compounds of land plants acting in numerous stress responses and development. Recent studies on evolution of JA and other oxylipins indicated conserved biosynthesis. JA formation is initiated by oxygenation of α-linolenic acid (α-LeA, 18:3) or 16:3 fatty acid of chloroplast membranes leading to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) as intermediate compound, but in Marchantiapolymorpha and Physcomitrellapatens, OPDA and some of its derivatives are final products active in a conserved signaling pathway. JA formation and its metabolic conversion take place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and cytosol, respectively. Metabolites of JA are formed in 12 different pathways leading to active, inactive and partially active compounds. The isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) is the ligand of the receptor component COI1 in vascular plants, whereas in the bryophyte M. polymorpha COI1 perceives an OPDA derivative indicating its functionally conserved activity. JA-induced gene expressions in the numerous biotic and abiotic stress responses and development are initiated in a well-studied complex regulation by homeostasis of transcription factors functioning as repressors and activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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26
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Bui H, Greenhalgh R, Ruckert A, Gill GS, Lee S, Ramirez RA, Clark RM. Generalist and Specialist Mite Herbivores Induce Similar Defense Responses in Maize and Barley but Differ in Susceptibility to Benzoxazinoids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1222. [PMID: 30186298 PMCID: PMC6110934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While substantial progress has been made in understanding defense responses of cereals to insect herbivores, comparatively little is known about responses to feeding by spider mites. Nevertheless, several spider mite species, including the generalist Tetranychus urticae and the grass specialist Oligonychus pratensis, cause damage on cereals such as maize and wheat, especially during drought stress. To understand defense responses of cereals to spider mites, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of maize and barley to herbivory by both mite species, and included a wounding control against which modulation of defenses could be tested. T. urticae and O. pratensis induced highly correlated changes in gene expression on both maize and barley. Within 2 h, hundreds of genes were upregulated, and thousands of genes were up- or downregulated after 24 h. In general, expression changes were similar to those induced by wounding, including for genes associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling. Many genes encoding proteins involved in direct defenses, or those required for herbivore-induced plant volatiles, were strongly upregulated in response to mite herbivory. Further, biosynthesis genes for benzoxazinoids, which are specialized compounds of Poaceae with known roles in deterring insect herbivores, were induced in maize. Compared to chewing insects, spider mites are cell content feeders and cause grossly different patterns of tissue damage. Nonetheless, the gene expression responses of maize to both mite herbivores, including for phytohormone signaling pathways and for the synthesis of the benzoxazinoid 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside, a known defensive metabolite against caterpillars, resembled those reported for a generalist chewing insect, Spodoptera exigua. On maize plants harboring mutations in several benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes, T. urticae performance dramatically increased compared to wild-type plants. In contrast, no difference in performance was observed between mutant and wild-type plants for the specialist O. pratensis. Collectively, our data provide little evidence that maize and barley defense responses differentiate herbivory between T. urticae and O. pratensis. Further, our work suggests that the likely route to specialization for O. pratensis involved the evolution of a robust mechanism to cope with the benzoxazinoid defenses of its cereal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Bui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Alice Ruckert
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | | | - Sarah Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Richard M. Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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27
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Guo Q, Major IT, Howe GA. Resolution of growth-defense conflict: mechanistic insights from jasmonate signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:72-81. [PMID: 29555489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Induced plant resistance depends on the production of specialized metabolites that repel attack by biotic aggressors and is often associated with reduced growth of vegetative tissues. Despite progress in understanding the signal transduction networks that control growth-defense tradeoffs, much remains to be learned about how growth rate is coordinated with changes in metabolism during growth-to-defense transitions. Here, we highlight recent advances in jasmonate research to suggest how a major branch of plant immunity is dynamically regulated to calibrate growth-defense balance with shifts in carbon availability. We review evidence that diminished growth, as an integral facet of induced resistance, may optimize the temporal and spatial expression of defense compounds without compromising other critical roles of central metabolism. New insights into the evolution of jasmonate signaling further suggest that opposing selective pressures associated with too much or too little defense may have shaped the emergence of a modular jasmonate pathway that integrates primary and specialized metabolism through the control of repressor-transcription factor complexes. A better understanding of the mechanistic basis of growth-defense balance has important implications for boosting plant productivity, including insights into how these tradeoffs may be uncoupled for agricultural improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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28
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Wang WW, Zheng C, Hao WJ, Ma CL, Ma JQ, Ni DJ, Chen L. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal candidate genes and biochemicals involved in tea geometrid defense in Camellia sinensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201670. [PMID: 30067831 PMCID: PMC6070272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) respond to herbivore attack through large changes in defense related metabolism and gene expression. Ectropis oblique (Prout) is one of the most devastating insects that feed on tea leaves and tender buds, which can cause severe production loss and deteriorate the quality of tea. To elucidate the biochemicals and molecular mechanism of defense against tea geometrid (TG), transcriptome and metabolome of TG interaction with susceptible (SG) and resistance (RG) tea genotypes were analyzed by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS, and RNA-seq technologies. This revealed that jasmonic acid was highly induced in RG, following a plethora of secondary metabolites involved in defense against TG could be induced by jasmonic acid signaling pathway. However, the constitutively present of salicylic acid in SG might be a suppressor of jasmonate signaling and thus misdirect tea plants against TG. Furthermore, flavonoids and terpenoids biosynthesis pathways were highly activated in RG to constitute the chemical barrier on TG feeding behavior. In contrast, fructose and theanine, which can act as feeding stimulants were observed to highly accumulate in SG. Being present in the major hub, 39 transcription factors or protein kinases among putative candidates were identified as master regulators from protein-protein interaction network analysis. Together, the current study provides a comprehensive gene expression and metabolite profiles, which can shed new insights into the molecular mechanism of tea defense against TG. The candidate genes and specific metabolites identified in the present study can serve as a valuable resource for unraveling the possible defense mechanism of plants against various biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - De-Jiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (DJN)
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (DJN)
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29
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Shiri Y, Solouki M, Ebrahimie E, Emamjomeh A, Zahiri J. Unraveling the transcriptional complexity of compactness in sistan grape cluster. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:198-208. [PMID: 29576073 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Yaghooti grape of Sistan is the earliest ripening grape in Iran, harvested every May annually. It is adapted to dry conditions in Sistan region and its water requirement is less than the other grape cultivars. The transcriptional complexity of this grape was studied in three stages of cluster development. Totally, 24121 genes were expressed in different cluster development steps (step 1: cluster formation, step 2: berry formation, step 3: final size of cluster) of which 3040 genes in the first stage, 2381 genes in the second stage and 2400 genes in the third stage showed a significant increase in expression. GO analysis showed that when the clusters are ripening, the activity of the nucleus, cytoplasmic, cytosol, membrane and chloroplast genes in the cluster architecture cells decreases. In contrast, the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole and extracellular region genes enhances. When Yaghooti grape is growing and developing, some of metabolic pathways were activated in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Gene co-expression network reconstruction showed that AGAMOUS is a key gene in compactness of Sistan grape cluster, because it influences on expression of GA gene which leads to increase cluster length and berries size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasoub Shiri
- PhD student of biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Solouki
- Laboratory of Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abbasali Emamjomeh
- Laboratory of Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Plant oxylipins form a constantly growing group of signaling molecules that comprise oxygenated fatty acids and metabolites derived therefrom. In the last decade, the understanding of biosynthesis, metabolism, and action of oxylipins, especially jasmonates, has dramatically improved. Additional mechanistic insights into the action of enzymes and insights into signaling pathways have been deepened for jasmonates. For other oxylipins, such as the hydroxy fatty acids, individual signaling properties and cross talk between different oxylipins or even with additional phytohormones have recently been described. This review summarizes recent understanding of the biosynthesis, regulation, and function of oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- On leave from Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
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31
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Howe GA, Major IT, Koo AJ. Modularity in Jasmonate Signaling for Multistress Resilience. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:387-415. [PMID: 29539269 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate coordinates immune and growth responses to increase plant survival in unpredictable environments. The core jasmonate signaling pathway comprises several functional modules, including a repertoire of COI1-JAZ (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1-JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN) coreceptors that couple jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine perception to the degradation of JAZ repressors, JAZ-interacting transcription factors that execute physiological responses, and multiple negative feedback loops to ensure timely termination of these responses. Here, we review the jasmonate signaling pathway with an emphasis on understanding how transcriptional responses are specific, tunable, and evolvable. We explore emerging evidence that JAZ proteins integrate multiple informational cues and mediate crosstalk by propagating changes in protein-protein interaction networks. We also discuss recent insights into the evolution of jasmonate signaling and highlight how plant-associated organisms manipulate the pathway to subvert host immunity. Finally, we consider how this mechanistic foundation can accelerate the rational design of jasmonate signaling for improving crop resilience and harnessing the wellspring of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;
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32
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Paulmann MK, Kunert G, Zimmermann MR, Theis N, Ludwig A, Meichsner D, Oelmüller R, Gershenzon J, Habekuss A, Ordon F, Furch ACU, Will T. Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:145. [PMID: 29563918 PMCID: PMC5845851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a phloem limited virus that is persistently transmitted by aphids. Due to huge yield losses in agriculture, the virus is of high economic relevance. Since the control of the virus itself is not possible, tolerant barley genotypes are considered as the most effective approach to avoid yield losses. Although several genes and quantitative trait loci are known and used in barley breeding for virus tolerance, little is known about molecular and physiological backgrounds of this trait. Therefore, we compared the anatomy and early defense responses of a virus susceptible to those of a virus-tolerant cultivar. One of the very early defense responses is the transmission of electrophysiological reactions. Electrophysiological reactions to BYDV infection might differ between susceptible and tolerant cultivars, since BYDV causes disintegration of sieve elements in susceptible cultivars. The structure of vascular bundles, xylem vessels and sieve elements was examined using microscopy. All three were significantly decreased in size in infected susceptible plants where the virus causes disintegration of sieve elements. This could be associated with an uncontrolled ion exchange between the sieve-element lumen and apoplast. Further, a reduced electrophysiological isolation would negatively affect the propagation of electrophysiological reactions. To test the influence of BYDV infection on electrophysiological reactions, electropotential waves (EPWs) induced by leaf-tip burning were recorded using aphids as bioelectrodes. EPWs in infected susceptible plants disappeared already after 10 cm in contrast to those in healthy susceptible or infected tolerant or healthy tolerant plants. Another early plant defense reaction is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using a fluorescent dye, we found a significant increase in ROS content in infected susceptible plants but not in infected tolerant plants. Similar results were found for the phytohormones abscisic acid and three jasmonates. Salicylic acid levels were generally higher after BYDV infection compared to uninfected plants. Heat stimulation caused an increase in jasmonates. By shedding light on the plant defense mechanisms against BYDV, this study, provides further knowledge for breeding virus tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Paulmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Zimmermann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Theis
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biology, Elms College, Chicopee, MA, United States
| | - Anatoli Ludwig
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Doreen Meichsner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Habekuss
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
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33
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Smirnova E, Marquis V, Poirier L, Aubert Y, Zumsteg J, Ménard R, Miesch L, Heitz T. Jasmonic Acid Oxidase 2 Hydroxylates Jasmonic Acid and Represses Basal Defense and Resistance Responses against Botrytis cinerea Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1159-1173. [PMID: 28760569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) orchestrate immune responses upon wound/herbivore injury or infection by necrotrophic pathogens. Elucidation of catabolic routes has revealed new complexity in jasmonate metabolism. Two integrated pathways attenuate signaling by turning over the active hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) through ω-oxidation or deconjugation, and define an indirect route forming the derivative 12OH-JA. Here, we provide evidence for a second 12OH-JA formation pathway by direct jasmonic acid (JA) oxidation. Three jasmonic acid oxidases (JAOs) of the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase family catalyze specific oxidation of JA to 12OH-JA, and their genes are induced by wounding or infection by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. JAO2 exhibits the highest basal expression, and its deficiency in jao2 mutants strongly enhanced antifungal resistance. The resistance phenotype resulted from constitutive expression of antimicrobial markers rather than from their higher induction in infected jao2 plants and could be reversed by ectopic expression of any of the three JAOs in jao2. Elevated defense in jao2 was dependent on the activity of JASMONATE RESPONSE 1 (JAR1) and CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) but was not correlated with enhanced JA-Ile accumulation. Instead, jao2 mutant lines displayed altered accumulation of several JA species in healthy and challenged plants, suggesting elevated metabolic flux through JA-Ile. Collectively, these data identify the missing enzymes hydroxylating JA and uncover an important metabolic diversion mechanism for repressing basal JA defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Marquis
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Poirier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Zumsteg
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rozenn Ménard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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34
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Tzin V, Hojo Y, Strickler SR, Bartsch LJ, Archer CM, Ahern KR, Zhou S, Christensen SA, Galis I, Mueller LA, Jander G. Rapid defense responses in maize leaves induced by Spodoptera exigua caterpillar feeding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4709-4723. [PMID: 28981781 PMCID: PMC5853842 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Insects such as the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) cause extensive damage to maize (Zea mays). Maize plants respond by triggering defense signaling, changes in gene expression, and biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. Leaves of maize inbred line B73, which has an available genome sequence, were infested with S. exigua for 1 to 24 h, followed by comparisons of the transcript and metabolite profiles with those of uninfested controls. The most extensive gene expression responses occurred rapidly, within 4-6 h after caterpillar infestation. However, both gene expression and metabolite profiles were altered within 1 h and continued to change during the entire 24 h experiment. The defensive functions of three caterpillar-induced genes were examined using available Dissociation transposon insertions in maize inbred line W22. Whereas mutations in the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway (Bx1 and Bx2) significantly improved caterpillar growth, the knockout of a 13-lipoxygenase (Lox8) involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis did not. Interestingly, 9-lipoxygenases, which lead to the production of maize death acids, were more strongly induced by caterpillar feeding than 13-lipoxygenases, suggesting an as yet unknown function in maize defense against herbivory. Together, these results provide a comprehensive view of the dynamic transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of maize leaves to caterpillar feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Tzin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Okayama University, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Susan R Strickler
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lee J Bartsch
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cairo M Archer
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Ahern
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- USDA-ARS Chemistry Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Galis
- Okayama University, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
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35
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Guerriero G, Behr M, Legay S, Mangeot-Peter L, Zorzan S, Ghoniem M, Hausman JF. Transcriptomic profiling of hemp bast fibres at different developmental stages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4961. [PMID: 28694530 PMCID: PMC5504027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bast fibres are long extraxylary cells which mechanically support the phloem and they are divided into xylan- and gelatinous-type, depending on the composition of their secondary cell walls. The former, typical of jute/kenaf bast fibres, are characterized by the presence of xylan and a high degree of lignification, while the latter, found in tension wood, as well as flax, ramie and hemp bast fibres, have a high abundance of crystalline cellulose. During their differentiation, bast fibres undergo specific developmental stages: the cells initially elongate rapidly by intrusive growth, subsequently they cease elongation and start to thicken. The goal of the present study is to provide a transcriptomic close-up of the key events accompanying bast fibre development in textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fibre crop of great importance. Bast fibres have been sampled from different stem regions. The developmental stages corresponding to active elongation and cell wall thickening have been studied using RNA-Seq. The results show that the fibres sampled at each stem region are characterized by a specific transcriptomic signature and that the major changes in cell wall-related processes take place at the internode containing the snap point. The data generated also identify several interesting candidates for future functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg.
| | - Marc Behr
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Université catholique de Louvain, Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Lauralie Mangeot-Peter
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Champenoux, F-54280, France
| | - Simone Zorzan
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Mohammad Ghoniem
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
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36
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Arabidopsis JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASES down-regulate plant immunity by hydroxylation and inactivation of the hormone jasmonic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6388-6393. [PMID: 28559313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is vital in plant defense and development. Although biosynthesis of JA and activation of JA-responsive gene expression by the bioactive form JA-isoleucine have been well-studied, knowledge on JA metabolism is incomplete. In particular, the enzyme that hydroxylates JA to 12-OH-JA, an inactive form of JA that accumulates after wounding and pathogen attack, is unknown. Here, we report the identification of four paralogous 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases in Arabidopsis thaliana as JA hydroxylases and show that they down-regulate JA-dependent responses. Because they are induced by JA we named them JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASES (JOXs). Concurrent mutation of the four genes in a quadruple Arabidopsis mutant resulted in increased defense gene expression and increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the caterpillar Mamestra brassicae In addition, root and shoot growth of the plants was inhibited. Metabolite analysis of leaves showed that loss of function of the four JOX enzymes resulted in overaccumulation of JA and in reduced turnover of JA into 12-OH-JA. Transformation of the quadruple mutant with each JOX gene strongly reduced JA levels, demonstrating that all four JOXs inactivate JA in plants. The in vitro catalysis of 12-OH-JA from JA by recombinant enzyme could be confirmed for three JOXs. The identification of the enzymes responsible for hydroxylation of JA reveals a missing step in JA metabolism, which is important for the inactivation of the hormone and subsequent down-regulation of JA-dependent defenses.
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37
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Zhang L, Zhang F, Melotto M, Yao J, He SY. Jasmonate signaling and manipulation by pathogens and insects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1371-1385. [PMID: 28069779 PMCID: PMC6075518 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize jasmonates (JAs) in response to developmental cues or environmental stresses, in order to coordinate plant growth, development or defense against pathogens and herbivores. Perception of pathogen or herbivore attack promotes synthesis of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which binds to the COI1-JAZ receptor, triggering the degradation of JAZ repressors and induction of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense. Interestingly, some virulent pathogens have evolved various strategies to manipulate JA signaling to facilitate their exploitation of plant hosts. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the enigmatic switch between transcriptional repression and hormone-dependent transcriptional activation of JA signaling. We also discuss various strategies used by pathogens and insects to manipulate JA signaling and how interfering with this could be used as a novel means of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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38
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Wasternack C, Song S. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling by proteins activating and repressing transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1303-1321. [PMID: 27940470 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, defense against insect attack and pathogen infection, and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as wounding, UV light, salt, and drought. JA was first identified in 1962, and since the 1980s many studies have analyzed the physiological functions, biosynthesis, distribution, metabolism, perception, signaling, and crosstalk of JA, greatly expanding our knowledge of the hormone's action. In response to fluctuating environmental cues and transient endogenous signals, the occurrence of multilayered organization of biosynthesis and inactivation of JA, and activation and repression of the COI1-JAZ-based perception and signaling contributes to the fine-tuning of JA responses. This review describes the JA biosynthetic enzymes in terms of gene families, enzymatic activity, location and regulation, substrate specificity and products, the metabolic pathways in converting JA to activate or inactivate compounds, JA signaling in perception, and the co-existence of signaling activators and repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelu 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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39
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Huang J, Reichelt M, Chowdhury S, Hammerbacher A, Hartmann H. Increasing carbon availability stimulates growth and secondary metabolites via modulation of phytohormones in winter wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1251-1263. [PMID: 28159987 PMCID: PMC5444446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play important roles in plant acclimation to changes in environmental conditions. However, their role in whole-plant regulation of growth and secondary metabolite production under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) is uncertain but crucially important for understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses. We grew winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under three [CO2] (170, 390, and 680 ppm) over 10 weeks, and measured gas exchange, relative growth rate (RGR), soluble sugars, secondary metabolites, and phytohormones including abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) at the whole-plant level. Our results show that, at the whole-plant level, RGR positively correlated with IAA but not ABA, and secondary metabolites positively correlated with JA and JA-Ile but not SA. Moreover, soluble sugars positively correlated with IAA and JA but not ABA and SA. We conclude that increasing carbon availability stimulates growth and production of secondary metabolites via up-regulation of auxin and jasmonate levels, probably in response to sugar-mediated signalling. Future low [CO2] studies should address the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaf ABA and SA biosynthesis, and at the transcriptional level should focus on biosynthetic and, in particular, on responsive genes involved in [CO2]-induced hormonal signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Somak Chowdhury
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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40
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Kunert G. Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1872. [PMID: 28018405 PMCID: PMC5156717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant Vicia faba. Despite much research, it is still unclear why pea aphid host races (biotypes) are able to colonize their native hosts while other host races are not. All aphids penetrate the plant and salivate into plant cells when they test plant suitability. Thus plants might react differently to the various pea aphid host races. To find out whether legume species vary in their defense responses to different pea aphid host races, we measured the amounts of salicylic acid (SA), the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), other jasmonate precursors and derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) in four different species (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Pisum sativum, V. faba) after infestation by native and non-native pea aphid clones of various host races. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the clones on the four plant species. On M. sativa and T. pratense, non-native clones that were barely able to survive or reproduce, triggered a strong SA and JA-Ile response, whereas infestation with native clones led to lower levels of both phytohormones. On P. sativum, non-native clones, which survived or reproduced to a certain extent, induced fluctuating SA and JA-Ile levels, whereas the native clone triggered only a weak SA and JA-Ile response. On the universal host V. faba all aphid clones triggered only low SA levels initially, but induced clone-specific patterns of SA and JA-Ile later on. The levels of the active JA-Ile conjugate and of the other JA-pathway metabolites measured showed in many cases similar patterns, suggesting that the reduction in JA signaling was due to an effect upstream of OPDA. ABA levels were downregulated in all aphid clone-plant combinations and were therefore probably not decisive factors for aphid-plant compatibility. Our results suggest that A. pisum clones manipulate plant-defense signaling to their own advantage, and perform better on their native hosts due to their ability to modulate the SA- and JA-defense signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
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Eng F, Haroth S, Feussner K, Meldau D, Rekhter D, Ischebeck T, Brodhun F, Feussner I. Optimized Jasmonic Acid Production by Lasiodiplodia theobromae Reveals Formation of Valuable Plant Secondary Metabolites. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167627. [PMID: 27907207 PMCID: PMC5132241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid is a plant hormone that can be produced by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae via submerged fermentation. From a biotechnological perspective jasmonic acid is a valuable feedstock as its derivatives serve as important ingredients in different cosmetic products and in the future it may be used for pharmaceutical applications. The objective of this work was to improve the production of jasmonic acid by L. theobromae strain 2334. We observed that jasmonic acid formation is dependent on the culture volume. Moreover, cultures grown in medium containing potassium nitrate as nitrogen source produced higher amounts of jasmonic acid than analogous cultures supplemented with ammonium nitrate. When cultivated under optimal conditions for jasmonic acid production, L. theobromae secreted several secondary metabolites known from plants into the medium. Among those we found 3-oxo-2-(pent-2-enyl)-cyclopentane-1-butanoic acid (OPC-4) and hydroxy-jasmonic acid derivatives, respectively, suggesting that fungal jasmonate metabolism may involve similar reaction steps as that of plants. To characterize fungal growth and jasmonic acid-formation, we established a mathematical model describing both processes. This model may form the basis of industrial upscaling attempts. Importantly, it showed that jasmonic acid-formation is not associated to fungal growth. Therefore, this finding suggests that jasmonic acid, despite its enormous amount being produced upon fungal development, serves merely as secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Eng
- Cuban Research Institute on Sugar Cane Byproducts, Vía Blanca & Carretera Central 804, San Miguel del Padrón, Havana, Cuba
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Haroth
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Meldau
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Rekhter
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Brodhun
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bruckhoff V, Haroth S, Feussner K, König S, Brodhun F, Feussner I. Functional Characterization of CYP94-Genes and Identification of a Novel Jasmonate Catabolite in Flowers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159875. [PMID: 27459369 PMCID: PMC4961372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades much research focused on the biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). While many details about its biosynthetic pathway as well about its physiological function are established nowadays, knowledge about its catabolic fate is still scarce. Only recently, the hormonal inactivation mechanisms became a stronger research focus. Two major pathways have been proposed to inactivate JA-Ile: i) The cleavage of the jasmonyl-residue from the isoleucine moiety, a reaction that is catalyzed by specific amido-hydrolases, or ii), the sequential oxidation of the ω-end of the pentenyl side-chain. This reaction is catalyzed by specific members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily CYP94: CYP94B1, CYP94B3 and CYP94C1. In the present study, we further investigated the oxidative fate of JA-Ile by expanding the analysis on Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, lacking only one (cyp94b1, cyp94b2, cyp94b3, cyp94c1), two (cyp94b1xcyp94b2, cyp94b1xcyp94b3, cyp94b2xcyp94b3), three (cyp94b1xcyp94b2xcyp94b3) or even four (cyp94b1xcyp94b2xcyp94b3xcyp94c1) CYP94 functionalities. The results obtained in the present study show that CYP94B1, CYP94B2, CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 are responsible for catalyzing the sequential ω-oxidation of JA-Ile in a semi-redundant manner. While CYP94B-enzymes preferentially hydroxylate JA-Ile to 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile, CYP94C1 catalyzes primarily the subsequent oxidation, yielding 12-carboxy-JA-Ile. In addition, data obtained from investigating the triple and quadruple mutants let us hypothesize that a direct oxidation of unconjugated JA to 12-hydroxy-JA is possible in planta. Using a non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting analysis, we identified unconjugated 12-carboxy-JA as novel jasmonate derivative in floral tissues. Using the same approach, we could show that deletion of CYP94-genes might not only affect JA-homeostasis but also other signaling pathways. Deletion of CYP94B1, for example, led to accumulation of metabolites that may be characteristic for plant stress responses like systemic acquired resistance. Evaluation of the in vivo function of the different CYP94-enzymes on the JA-sensitivity demonstrated that particularly CYP94B-enzymes might play an essential role for JA-response, whereas CYP94C1 might only be of minor importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Bruckhoff
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sven Haroth
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie König
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Florian Brodhun
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany.,Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
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Ahmad P, Rasool S, Gul A, Sheikh SA, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Kazi AM, Gucel S. Jasmonates: Multifunctional Roles in Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:813. [PMID: 27379115 PMCID: PMC4908892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) [Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonates (MeJAs)] are known to take part in various physiological processes. Exogenous application of JAs so far tested on different plants under abiotic stresses particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions have proved effective in improving plant stress tolerance. However, its extent of effectiveness entirely depends on the type of plant species tested or its concentration. The effects of introgression or silencing of different JA- and Me-JA-related genes have been summarized in this review, which have shown a substantial role in improving crop yield and quality in different plants under stress or non-stress conditions. Regulation of JAs synthesis is impaired in stressed as well as unstressed plant cells/tissues, which is believed to be associated with a variety of metabolic events including signal transduction. Although, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important components of JA signaling and biosynthesis pathways, nitric oxide, ROS, calcium, ABA, ethylene, and salicylic acid are also important mediators of plant growth and development during JA signal transduction and synthesis. The exploration of other signaling molecules can be beneficial to examine the details of underlying molecular mechanisms of JA signal transduction. Much work is to be done in near future to find the proper answers of the questions like action of JA related metabolites, and identification of universal JA receptors etc. Complete signaling pathways involving MAPKs, CDPK, TGA, SIPK, WIPK, and WRKY transcription factors are yet to be investigated to understand the complete mechanism of action of JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. CollegeSrinagar, India
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Subzar A. Sheikh
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College (Boys), AnantnagAnantnag, India
| | - Nudrat A. Akram
- Department of Botany, GC University FaisalabadFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Science FoundationIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. M. Kazi
- Department of Botany, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
| | - Salih Gucel
- Centre for Environmental Research, Near East UniversityNicosia, Cyprus
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Luo J, Wei K, Wang S, Zhao W, Ma C, Hettenhausen C, Wu J, Cao G, Sun G, Baldwin IT, Wu J, Wang L. COI1-Regulated Hydroxylation of Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine Impairs Nicotiana attenuata's Resistance to the Generalist Herbivore Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2822-31. [PMID: 26985773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is well-known as the key signaling molecule that elicits plant defense responses after insect herbivory. Oxidation, which is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450s of the CYP94 family, is thought to be one of the main catabolic pathways of JA-Ile. In this study, we identified four CYP94B3 homologues in the wild tobacco plant Nicotiana attenuata. Individually silencing the four homologues revealed that NaCYP94B3 like-1 and NaCYP94B3 like-2, but not NaCYP94B3 like-3 and NaCYP94B3 like-4, are involved in the C-12-hydroxylation of JA-Ile. Simultaneously silencing three of the NaCYP94B3 like genes, NaCYP94B3 like-1, -2, and -4, in the VIGS-NaCYP94B3s plants doubled herbivory-induced JA-Ile levels and greatly enhanced plant resistance to the generalist insect herbivore, Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with the high concentrations of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in VIGS-NaCYP94B3s plants. Furthermore, we show that the abundance of 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile was dependent on JA-Ile levels as well as COI1, the receptor of JA-Ile. COI1 appeared to transcriptionally control NaCYP94B3 like-1 and -2 and thus regulates the catabolism of its own ligand molecule, JA-Ile. These results highlight the important role of JA-Ile degradation in jasmonate homeostasis and provide new insight into the feedback regulation of JA-Ile catabolism. Given that silencing these CYP94 genes did not detectably alter plant growth and highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that CYP94B3 genes can be potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuanghua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiye Zhao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Canrong Ma
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoyan Cao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guiling Sun
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
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Poudel AN, Zhang T, Kwasniewski M, Nakabayashi R, Saito K, Koo AJ. Mutations in jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine-12-hydroxylases suppress multiple JA-dependent wound responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1396-1408. [PMID: 26968098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants rapidly perceive tissue damage, such as that inflicted by insects, and activate several key defense responses. The importance of the fatty acid-derived hormone jasmonates (JA) in dictating these wound responses has been recognized for many years. However, important features pertaining to the regulation of the JA pathway are still not well understood. One key unknown is the inactivation mechanism of the JA pathway and its relationship with plant response to wounding. Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 enzymes in the CYP94 clade metabolize jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a major metabolite of JA responsible for many biological effects attributed to the JA signaling pathway; thus, CYP94s are expected to contribute to the attenuation of JA-Ile-dependent wound responses. To directly test this, we created the double and triple knock-out mutants of three CYP94 genes, CYP94B1, CYP94B3, and CYP94C1. The mutations blocked the oxidation steps and caused JA-Ile to accumulate 3-4-fold the WT levels in the wounded leaves. Surprisingly, over accumulation of JA-Ile did not lead to a stronger wound response. On the contrary, the mutants displayed a series of symptoms reminiscent of JA-Ile deficiency, including resistance to wound-induced growth inhibition, decreased anthocyanin and trichomes, and increased susceptibility to insects. The mutants, however, responded normally to exogenous JA treatments, indicating that JA perception or signaling pathways were intact. Untargeted metabolite analyses revealed >40% reduction in wound-inducible metabolites in the mutants. These observations raise questions about the current JA signaling model and point toward a more complex model perhaps involving JA derivatives and/or feedback mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati N Poudel
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Misha Kwasniewski
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Zhang T, Poudel AN, Jewell JB, Kitaoka N, Staswick P, Matsuura H, Koo AJ. Hormone crosstalk in wound stress response: wound-inducible amidohydrolases can simultaneously regulate jasmonate and auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2107-20. [PMID: 26672615 PMCID: PMC4793799 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) and auxin are essential hormones in plant development and stress responses. While the two govern distinct physiological processes, their signaling pathways interact at various levels. Recently, members of the Arabidopsis indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) amidohydrolase (IAH) family were reported to metabolize jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a bioactive form of JA. Here, we characterized three IAH members, ILR1, ILL6, and IAR3, for their function in JA and IAA metabolism and signaling. Expression of all three genes in leaves was up-regulated by wounding or JA, but not by IAA. Purified recombinant proteins showed overlapping but distinct substrate specificities for diverse amino acid conjugates of JA and IAA. Perturbed patterns of the endogenous JA profile in plants overexpressing or knocked-out for the three genes were consistent with ILL6 and IAR3, but not ILR1, being the JA amidohydrolases. Increased turnover of JA-Ile in the ILL6- and IAR3-overexpressing plants created symptoms of JA deficiency whereas increased free IAA by overexpression of ILR1 and IAR3 made plants hypersensitive to exogenous IAA conjugates. Surprisingly, ILL6 overexpression rendered plants highly resistant to exogenous IAA conjugates, indicating its interference with IAA conjugate hydrolysis. Fluorescent protein-tagged IAR3 and ILL6 co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum-localized JA-Ile 12-hydroxylase, CYP94B3. Together, these results demonstrate that in wounded leaves JA-inducible amidohydrolases contribute to regulate active IAA and JA-Ile levels, promoting auxin signaling while attenuating JA signaling. This mechanism represents an example of a metabolic-level crosstalk between the auxin and JA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Arati N Poudel
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeremy B Jewell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Naoki Kitaoka
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68521, USA
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Widemann E, Smirnova E, Aubert Y, Miesch L, Heitz T. Dynamics of Jasmonate Metabolism upon Flowering and across Leaf Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2016; 5:plants5010004. [PMID: 27135224 PMCID: PMC4844418 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays important roles in adaptation of plants to environmental cues and in specific steps of their development, particularly in reproduction. Recent advances in metabolic studies have highlighted intricate mechanisms that govern enzymatic conversions within the jasmonate family. Here we analyzed jasmonate profile changes upon Arabidopsis thaliana flower development and investigated the contribution of catabolic pathways that were known to turnover the active hormonal compound jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) upon leaf stress. We report a rapid decline of JA-Ile upon flower opening, concomitant with the massive accumulation of its most oxidized catabolite, 12COOH-JA-Ile. Detailed genetic analysis identified CYP94C1 as the major player in this process. CYP94C1 is one out of three characterized cytochrome P450 enzymes that define an oxidative JA-Ile turnover pathway, besides a second, hydrolytic pathway represented by the amido-hydrolases IAR3 and ILL6. Expression studies combined with reporter gene analysis revealed the dominant expression of CYP94C1 in mature anthers, consistent with the established role of JA signaling in male fertility. Significant CYP94B1 expression was also evidenced in stamen filaments, but surprisingly, CYP94B1 deficiency was not associated with significant changes in JA profiles. Finally, we compared global flower JA profiles with those previously reported in leaves reacting to mechanical wounding or submitted to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. These comparisons revealed distinct dynamics of JA accumulation and conversions in these three biological systems. Leaf injury boosts a strong and transient JA and JA-Ile accumulation that evolves rapidly into a profile dominated by ω-oxidized and/or Ile-conjugated derivatives. In contrast, B. cinerea-infected leaves contain mostly unconjugated jasmonates, about half of this content being ω-oxidized. Finally, developing flowers present an intermediate situation where young flower buds show detectable jasmonate oxidation (probably originating from stamen metabolism) which becomes exacerbated upon flower opening. Our data illustrate that in spite conserved enzymatic routes, the jasmonate metabolic grid shows considerable flexibility and dynamically equilibrates into specific blends in different physiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Widemann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, associée à l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development - active and inactive compounds. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:604-613. [PMID: 26581489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant development. Following the elucidation of each step in their biosynthesis and the important components of perception and signaling, several activators, repressors and co-repressors have been identified which contribute to fine-tuning the regulation of JA-induced gene expression. Many of the metabolic reactions in which JA participates, such as conjugation with amino acids, glucosylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, sulfation and methylation, lead to numerous compounds with different biological activities. These metabolites may be highly active, partially active in specific processes or inactive. Hydroxylation, carboxylation and sulfation inactivate JA signaling. The precursor of JA biosynthesis, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), has been identified as a JA-independent signaling compound. An increasing number of OPDA-specific processes is being identified. To conclude, the numerous JA compounds and their different modes of action allow plants to respond specifically and flexibly to alterations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Yuan Z, Zhang D. Roles of jasmonate signalling in plant inflorescence and flower development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 27:44-51. [PMID: 26125498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of inflorescences and flowers in plants is controlled by the combined action of environmental and genetic signals. Investigations reveal that the phytohormone jasmonate (JA) plays a critical function in plant reproduction such as male fertility, sex determination and seed maturation. Here, we review recent progress on JA synthesis, signalling, the interplay between JAs and other hormones, and regulatory network of JA in controlling the development of inflorescence, flower and the male organ. The conserved and diversified roles of JAs in meristem transition and specification of flower organ identity and number, and multiple regulatory networks of JAs in stamen development are highlighted. Further, this review provides perspectives on future research endeavors to elucidate mechanisms underlying JAs homeostasis and transport during plant reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian Normal University, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia; Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian Normal University, Jiangsu 223300, China.
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50
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Widemann E, Grausem B, Renault H, Pineau E, Heinrich C, Lugan R, Ullmann P, Miesch L, Aubert Y, Miesch M, Heitz T, Pinot F. Sequential oxidation of Jasmonoyl-Phenylalanine and Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine by multiple cytochrome P450 of the CYP94 family through newly identified aldehyde intermediates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:388-399. [PMID: 26164240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role and fate of Jasmonoyl-Phenylalanine (JA-Phe), an understudied conjugate in the jasmonate pathway remain to be unraveled. We addressed here the possibility of JA-Phe oxidative turnover by cytochrome P450s of the CYP94 family. Leaf wounding or fungal infection in Arabidopsis resulted in accumulation of JA-Phe, 12-hydroxyl (12OH-JA-Phe) and 12-carboxyl (12COOH-JA-Phe) derivatives, with patterns differing from those previously described for Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine. In vitro, yeast-expressed cytochromes P450 CYP94B1, CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 differentially oxidized JA-Phe to 12-hydroxyl, 12-aldehyde and 12-carboxyl derivatives. Furthermore, a new aldehyde jasmonate, 12CHO-JA-Ile was detected in wounded plants. Metabolic analysis of CYP94B3 and CYP94C1 loss- and gain-of-function plant lines showed that 12OH-JA-Phe was drastically reduced in cyp94b3 but not affected in cyp94c1, while single or double mutants lacking CYP94C1 accumulated less 12COOH-JA-Phe than WT plants. This, along with overexpressing lines, demonstrates that hydroxylation by CYP94B3 and carboxylation by CYP94C1 accounts for JA-Phe turnover in planta. Evolutionary study of the CYP94 family in the plant kingdom suggests conserved roles of its members in JA conjugate homeostasis and possibly in adaptative functions. Our work extends the range and complexity of JA-amino acid oxidation by multifunctional CYP94 enzymes in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Widemann
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Grausem
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hugues Renault
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Pineau
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Clément Heinrich
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Lugan
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pascaline Ullmann
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michel Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Franck Pinot
- Département Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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