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Schoberer J, Shin YJ, Vavra U, Veit C, Strasser R. Analysis of Protein Glycosylation in the ER. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2772:221-238. [PMID: 38411817 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3710-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is an essential posttranslational modification which is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In plants, the N-glycans play a pivotal role in protein folding and quality control. Through the interaction of glycan processing and binding reactions mediated by ER-resident glycosidases and specific carbohydrate-binding proteins, the N-glycans contribute to the adoption of a native protein conformation. Properly folded glycoproteins are released from these processes and allowed to continue their transit to the Golgi where further processing and maturation of N-glycans leads to the formation of more complex structures with different functions. Incompletely folded glycoproteins are removed from the ER by a highly conserved degradation process to prevent the accumulation or secretion of misfolded proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. Here, we describe methods to analyze the N-glycosylation status and the glycan-dependent ER-associated degradation process in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schoberer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yun-Ji Shin
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Vavra
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Veit
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Duan Z, Chen K, Yang T, You R, Chen B, Li J, Liu L. Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17599. [PMID: 38139432 PMCID: PMC10743519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proteome integrity is essential for cell function and survival in changing cellular and environmental conditions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site for the synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins. However, the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins can perturb ER protein homeostasis, leading to ER stress and compromising cellular function. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated and conserved protein quality control systems to ensure protein folding fidelity via the unfolded protein response (UPR) and to eliminate potentially harmful proteins via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of ER protein homeostasis in plants and discuss the crosstalk between different quality control systems. Finally, we will address unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ronghui You
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Binzhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Vu BN, Vu TV, Yoo JY, Nguyen NT, Ko KS, Kim JY, Lee KO. CRISPR-Cas-mediated unfolded protein response control for enhancing plant stress resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271368. [PMID: 37908833 PMCID: PMC10613997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants consistently encounter environmental stresses that negatively affect their growth and development. To mitigate these challenges, plants have developed a range of adaptive strategies, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), which enables them to manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from various adverse conditions. The CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool for plant biotechnology, with the potential to improve plant tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as enhance crop productivity and quality by targeting specific genes, including those related to the UPR. This review highlights recent advancements in UPR signaling pathways and CRISPR-Cas technology, with a particular focus on the use of CRISPR-Cas in studying plant UPR. We also explore prospective applications of CRISPR-Cas in engineering UPR-related genes for crop improvement. The integration of CRISPR-Cas technology into plant biotechnology holds the promise to revolutionize agriculture by producing crops with enhanced resistance to environmental stresses, increased productivity, and improved quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich Ngoc Vu
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Van Vu
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngan Thi Nguyen
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Sun H, Jing X, Wang C, Wang P, Huang Z, Sun B, Li P, Li H, Zhang C. The Great Game between Plants and Viruses: A Focus on Protein Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12582. [PMID: 37628763 PMCID: PMC10454472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are tiny pathogenic obligate parasites that cause significant damage to global crop production. They exploit and manipulate the cellular components of host plants to ensure their own survival. In response, plants activate multiple defense signaling pathways, such as gene silencing and plant hormone signaling, to hinder virus propagation. Growing evidence suggests that the regulation of protein homeostasis plays a vital role in the ongoing battle between plants and viruses. The ubiquitin-proteasome-degradation system (UPS) and autophagy, as two major protein-degradation pathways, are widely utilized by plants and viruses in their arms race. One the one hand, these pathways act as essential components of plant's antiviral defense system by facilitating the degradation of viral proteins; on the other hand, viruses exploit the UPS and autophagy to create a favorable intracellular environment for viral infection. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the events involved in protein homeostasis regulation during viral infection in plants. Gaining knowledge in this area will enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyue Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Lai YH, Peng MY, Rao RY, Chen WS, Huang WT, Ye X, Yang LT, Chen LS. An Integrated Analysis of Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiology Revealed the Molecular and Physiological Response of Citrus sinensis Roots to Prolonged Nitrogen Deficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2680. [PMID: 37514294 PMCID: PMC10383776 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis seedlings were supplied with a nutrient solution containing 15 (control) or 0 (nitrogen (N) deficiency) mM N for 10 weeks. Extensive metabolic and gene reprogramming occurred in 0 mM N-treated roots (RN0) to cope with N deficiency, including: (a) enhancing the ability to keep phosphate homeostasis by elevating the abundances of metabolites containing phosphorus and the compartmentation of phosphate in plastids, and/or downregulating low-phosphate-inducible genes; (b) improving the ability to keep N homeostasis by lowering the levels of metabolites containing N but not phosphorus, upregulating N compound degradation, the root/shoot ratio, and the expression of genes involved in N uptake, and resulting in transitions from N-rich alkaloids to carbon (C)-rich phenylpropanoids and phenolic compounds (excluding indole alkaloids) and from N-rich amino acids to C-rich carbohydrates and organic acids; (c) upregulating the ability to maintain energy homeostasis by increasing energy production (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP biosynthetic process) and decreasing energy utilization for amino acid and protein biosynthesis and new root building; (d) elevating the transmembrane transport of metabolites, thus enhancing the remobilization and recycling of useful compounds; and (e) activating protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. RN0 had a higher ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species and aldehydes, thus protecting RN0 against oxidative injury and delaying root senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Lai
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming-Yi Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rong-Yu Rao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen-Shu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei-Tao Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Fu Y, Fan B, Li X, Bao H, Zhu C, Chen Z. Autophagy and multivesicular body pathways cooperate to protect sulfur assimilation and chloroplast functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:886-909. [PMID: 36852939 PMCID: PMC10231471 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) represent 2 closely related lysosomal/vacuolar degradation pathways. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), autophagy is stress-induced, with deficiency in autophagy causing strong defects in stress responses but limited effects on growth. LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 (LIP5) is a key regulator of stress-induced MVB biogenesis, and mutation of LIP5 also strongly compromises stress responses with little effect on growth in Arabidopsis. To determine the functional interactions of these 2 pathways in Arabidopsis, we generated mutations in both the LIP5 and AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN (ATG) genes. atg5/lip5 and atg7/lip5 double mutants displayed strong synergistic phenotypes in fitness characterized by stunted growth, early senescence, reduced survival, and greatly diminished seed production under normal growth conditions. Transcriptome and metabolite analysis revealed that chloroplast sulfate assimilation was specifically downregulated at early seedling stages in the atg7/lip5 double mutant prior to the onset of visible phenotypes. Overexpression of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase 1, a key enzyme in sulfate assimilation, substantially improved the growth and fitness of the atg7/lip5 double mutant. Comparative multi-omic analysis further revealed that the atg7/lip5 double mutant was strongly compromised in other chloroplast functions including photosynthesis and primary carbon metabolism. Premature senescence and reduced survival of atg/lip5 double mutants were associated with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and overactivation of stress-associated programs. Blocking PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 and salicylic acid signaling prevented early senescence and death of the atg7/lip5 double mutant. Thus, stress-responsive autophagy and MVB pathways play an important cooperative role in protecting essential chloroplast functions including sulfur assimilation under normal growth conditions to suppress salicylic-acid-dependent premature cell-death and promote plant growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Fu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hexigeduleng Bao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Gao C, Peng X, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Ma L, Yu Q, Lian X, Gao L, Xiong L, Li S. Proteome and Ubiquitylome Analyses of Maize Endoplasmic Reticulum under Heat Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030749. [PMID: 36981020 PMCID: PMC10047965 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures severely affect plant growth and pose a threat to global crop production. Heat causes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), as well as triggering the heat-shock response (HSR) in the cytosol and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER. Excessive misfolded proteins undergo further degradation through ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Although much research on the plant heat stress response has been conducted, the regulation of ER-localized proteins has not been well-studied thus far. We isolated the microsome fraction from heat-treated and untreated maize seedlings and performed proteome and ubiquitylome analyses. Of the 8306 total proteins detected in the proteomics analysis, 1675 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 708 proteins were significantly down-regulated. Global ubiquitination analysis revealed 1780 proteins with at least one ubiquitination site. Motif analysis revealed that alanine and glycine are the preferred amino acids upstream and downstream of ubiquitinated lysine sites. ERAD components were found to be hyper-ubiquitinated after heat treatment, implying the feedback regulation of ERAD activity through protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuechun Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Langyu Xiong
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Shengben Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Endoplasmic reticulum-quality control pathway and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation mechanism regulate the N-glycoproteins and N-glycan structures in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:219. [PMID: 36266689 PMCID: PMC9585838 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunicamycin inhibits the first step of protein N-glycosylation modification. However, the physiological, transcriptomic, and N-glycomic effects of tunicamycin on important marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum are still unknown. In this study, comprehensive approaches were used to study the effects of tunicamycin stress. The results showed that cell growth and photosynthesis were significantly inhibited in P. tricornutum under the tunicamycin stress. The soluble protein content was significantly decreased, while the soluble sugar and neutral lipid were dramatically increased to orchestrate the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. The stress of 0.3 μg ml-1 tunicamycin resulted in the differential expression of ERQC and ERAD related genes. The upregulation of genes involved in ERQC pathway, the activation of anti-oxidases and the differential expression of genes related with ERAD mechanism might be important for maintaining homeostasis in cell. The identification of N-glycans, especially complex-type N-glycan structures enriched the N-glycan database of diatom P. tricornutum and provided important information for studying the function of N-glycosylation modification on proteins. As a whole, our study proposed working models of ERQC and ERAD will provide a solid foundation for further in-depth study of the related mechanism and the diatom expression system.
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Yang K, Xiao W. Functions and mechanisms of the Ubc13-UEV complex and lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5372-5387. [PMID: 35640002 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the best-known post-translational modifications in eukaryotes, in which different linkage types of polyubiquitination result in different outputs of the target proteins. Distinct from the well-characterized K48-linked polyubiquitination that usually serves as a signal for degradation of the target protein, K63-linked polyubiquitination often requires a unique E2 heterodimer Ubc13-UEV and alters the target protein activity instead of marking it for degradation. This review focuses on recent advances on the roles of Ubc13-UEV-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Zhang J, Xia Y, Wang D, Du Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Mao J, Wang M, She YM, Peng X, Liu L, Voglmeir J, He Z, Liu L, Li J. A Predominant Role of AtEDEM1 in Catalyzing a Rate-Limiting Demannosylation Step of an Arabidopsis Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation Process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952246. [PMID: 35874007 PMCID: PMC9302962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is a key cellular process for degrading misfolded proteins. It was well known that an asparagine (N)-linked glycan containing a free α1,6-mannose residue is a critical ERAD signal created by Homologous to α-mannosidase 1 (Htm1) in yeast and ER-Degradation Enhancing α-Mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs) in mammals. An earlier study suggested that two Arabidopsis homologs of Htm1/EDEMs function redundantly in generating such a conserved N-glycan signal. Here we report that the Arabidopsis irb1 (reversal of bri1) mutants accumulate brassinosteroid-insensitive 1-5 (bri1-5), an ER-retained mutant variant of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 and are defective in one of the Arabidopsis Htm1/EDEM homologs, AtEDEM1. We show that the wild-type AtEDEM1, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, rescues irb1-1. Importantly, an insertional mutation of the Arabidopsis Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 3 (ALG3), which causes N-linked glycosylation with truncated glycans carrying a different free α1,6-mannose residue, completely nullifies the inhibitory effect of irb1-1 on bri1-5 ERAD. Interestingly, an insertional mutation in AtEDEM2, the other Htm1/EDEM homolog, has no detectable effect on bri1-5 ERAD; however, it enhances the inhibitory effect of irb1-1 on bri1-5 degradation. Moreover, AtEDEM2 transgenes rescued the irb1-1 mutation with lower efficacy than AtEDEM1. Simultaneous elimination of AtEDEM1 and AtEDEM2 completely blocks generation of α1,6-mannose-exposed N-glycans on bri1-5, while overexpression of either AtEDEM1 or AtEDEM2 stimulates bri1-5 ERAD and enhances the bri1-5 dwarfism. We concluded that, despite its functional redundancy with AtEDEM2, AtEDEM1 plays a predominant role in promoting bri1-5 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dinghe Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Du
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongwu Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muyang Wang
- The Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Min She
- The Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuhua He
- The Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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11
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A conserved asparagine residue in the inner surface of BRI1 superhelix is essential for protein native conformation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 615:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Huntington B, Zhao L, Bron P, Shahul Hameed UF, Arold ST, Qureshi BM. Thicker Ice Improves the Integrity and Angular Distribution of CDC48A Hexamers on Cryo-EM Grids. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:890390. [PMID: 35782862 PMCID: PMC9247313 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.890390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analyses are constrained by the sample preparation step upon which aggregation, dissociation, and/or preferential orientation of particles can be introduced. Here, we report how we solved these problems in the case of CDC48A, a hexameric AAA ATPase from Arabidopsis thaliana. CDC48A hexamers are well preserved under negative staining conditions but disassemble during grid freezing using the classical blotting method. Vitrification of grids using the blot-free Chameleon method preserved the integrity of particles but resulted in their strong preferential orientation. We then used a strategy where we improved in parallel the purification of CDC48A and the conditions for cryo-EM data acquisition. Indeed, we noted that images taken from thicker ice presented an even distribution of intact particles with random orientations, but resulted in a lower image resolution. Consequently, in our case, distribution, orientation, image resolution, and the integrity of particles were tightly correlated with ice thickness. By combining the more homogeneous and stable CDC48A hexamers resulting from our improved purification protocol with an iterative search across different ice thicknesses, we identified an intermediate thickness that retained sufficiently high-resolution structural information while maintaining a complete distribution of particle orientations. Our approach may provide a simple, fast, and generally applicable strategy to record data of sufficient quality under standard laboratory and microscope settings. This method may be of particular value when time and resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Huntington
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Biology Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrick Bron
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Umar F. Shahul Hameed
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Biology Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Umar F. Shahul Hameed, ; Stefan T. Arold, ; Bilal M. Qureshi,
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Biology Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Umar F. Shahul Hameed, ; Stefan T. Arold, ; Bilal M. Qureshi,
| | - Bilal M. Qureshi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Biology Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Structural Biology (Strubi), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Umar F. Shahul Hameed, ; Stefan T. Arold, ; Bilal M. Qureshi,
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13
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Kanehara K, Cho Y, Yu CY. A lipid viewpoint on the plant endoplasmic reticulum stress response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2835-2847. [PMID: 35560195 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organisms, including humans, seem to be constantly exposed to various changes, which often have undesirable effects, referred to as stress. To keep up with these changes, eukaryotic cells may have evolved a number of relevant cellular processes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Owing to presumably intimate links between human diseases and the ER function, the ER stress response has been extensively investigated in various organisms for a few decades. Based on these studies, we now have a picture of the molecular mechanisms of the ER stress response, one of which, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is highly conserved among yeasts, mammals, higher plants, and green algae. In this review, we attempt to highlight the plant UPR from the perspective of lipids, especially membrane phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) are the most abundant membrane phospholipids in eukaryotic cells. The ratio of PtdCho to PtdEtn and the unsaturation of fatty acyl tails in both phospholipids may be critical factors for the UPR, but the pathways responsible for PtdCho and PtdEtn biosynthesis are distinct in animals and plants. We discuss the plant UPR in comparison with the system in yeasts and animals in the context of membrane phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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14
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Improving Protein Quantity and Quality—The Next Level of Plant Molecular Farming. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031326. [PMID: 35163249 PMCID: PMC8836236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants offer several unique advantages in the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals for humans and animals. Although numerous recombinant proteins have been expressed in plants, only a small fraction have been successfully put into use. The hugely distinct expression systems between plant and animal cells frequently cause insufficient yield of the recombinant proteins with poor or undesired activity. To overcome the issues that greatly constrain the development of plant-produced pharmaceuticals, great efforts have been made to improve expression systems and develop alternative strategies to increase both the quantity and quality of the recombinant proteins. Recent technological revolutions, such as targeted genome editing, deconstructed vectors, virus-like particles, and humanized glycosylation, have led to great advances in plant molecular farming to meet the industrial manufacturing and clinical application standards. In this review, we discuss the technological advances made in various plant expression platforms, with special focus on the upstream designs and milestone achievements in improving the yield and glycosylation of the plant-produced pharmaceutical proteins.
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15
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Tao Y, Zou T, Zhang X, Liu R, Chen H, Yuan G, Zhou D, Xiong P, He Z, Li G, Zhou M, Liu S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Yu X, Zheng A, Wang A, Liu H, Wang L, Li P, Li S. Secretory lipid transfer protein OsLTPL94 acts as a target of EAT1 and is required for rice pollen wall development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:358-377. [PMID: 34314535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant pollen wall protects the male gametophyte from various biotic and abiotic stresses. The formation of a unique pollen wall structure and elaborate exine pattern is a well-organized process, which needs coordination between reproductive cells and the neighboring somatic cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we report a rice male-sterile mutant (l94) that exhibits defective pollen exine patterning and abnormal tapetal cell development. MutMap and knockout analyses demonstrated that the causal gene encodes a type-G non-specific lipid transfer protein (OsLTPL94). Histological and cellular analyses established that OsLTPL94 is strongly expressed in the developing microspores and tapetal cells, and its protein is secreted to the plasma membrane. The l94 mutation impeded the secretory ability of OsLTPL94 protein. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations supported the hypothesis that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 (EAT1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), activated OsLTPL94 expression through direct binding to the E-box motif of the OsLTPL94 promoter, which was supported by the positive correlation between the expression of EAT1 and OsLTPL94 in two independent eat1 mutants. Our findings suggest that the secretory OsLTPL94 plays a key role in the coordinated development of tapetum and microspores with the regulation of EAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pingping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Menglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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16
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Zhang J, Vancea AI, Shahul Hameed UF, Arold ST. Versatile control of the CDC48 segregase by the plant UBX-containing (PUX) proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3125-3132. [PMID: 34141135 PMCID: PMC8181520 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, AAA-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Cell Division Control Protein 48 (CDC48) uses the force generated through ATP hydrolysis to pull, extract, and unfold ubiquitylated or sumoylated proteins from the membrane, chromatin, or protein complexes. The resulting changes in protein or RNA content are an important means for plants to control protein homeostasis and thereby adapt to shifting environmental conditions. The activity and targeting of CDC48 are controlled by adaptor proteins, of which the plant ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing (PUX) proteins constitute the largest family. Emerging knowledge on the structure and function of PUX proteins highlights that these proteins are versatile factors for plant homeostasis and adaptation that might inspire biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra I Vancea
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar F Shahul Hameed
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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17
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Liu R, Xia R, Xie Q, Wu Y. Endoplasmic reticulum-related E3 ubiquitin ligases: Key regulators of plant growth and stress responses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100186. [PMID: 34027397 PMCID: PMC8132179 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that the ubiquitin proteasome system plays fundamental roles in the regulation of diverse cellular activities in eukaryotes. The ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s) are central to the proteasome system because of their ability to determine its substrate specificity. Several studies have demonstrated the essential role of a group of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-localized E3s in the positive or negative regulation of cell homeostasis. Most ER-related E3s are conserved between plants and mammals, and a few plant-specific components have been reported. In this review, we summarize the functions of ER-related E3s in plant growth, ER-associated protein degradation and ER-phagy, abiotic and biotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. Furthermore, we highlight several questions that remain to be addressed and suggest directions for further research on ER-related E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Iqbal N, Czékus Z, Poór P, Ördög A. Plant defence mechanisms against mycotoxin Fumonisin B1. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 343:109494. [PMID: 33915161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most harmful mycotoxin which prevails in several crops and affects the growth and yield as well. Hence, keeping the alarming consequences of FB1 under consideration, there is still a need to seek other more reliable approaches and scientific knowledge for FB1-induced cell death and a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of plant defence strategies. FB1-induced disturbance in sphingolipid metabolism initiates programmed cell death (PCD) through various modes such as the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, and activation of specific proteases and nucleases causing DNA fragmentation. There is a close interaction between sphingolipids and defence phytohormones in response to FB1 exposure regulating PCD and defence. In this review, the model plant Arabidopsis and various crops have been presented with different levels of susceptibility and resistivity exposed to various concentration of FB1. In addition to this, regulation of PCD and defence mechanisms have been also demonstrated at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels to help the understanding of the role and function of FB1-inducible molecules and genes and their expressions in plants against pathogen attacks which could provide molecular and biochemical markers for the detection of toxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary; Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary
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19
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Moran-Bertot I, Rodríguez-Cabrera L, Borras-Hidalgo O, Huang S, Kan Y, Wright DJ, Ayra-Pardo C. Potato virus X-mediated constitutive expression of Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana confers resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33546586 PMCID: PMC7866777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene was previously reported to enhance insect resistance to pathogen at high basal transcription rate. PxSDF2L1 shows similitude with the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2), an ER stress-induced chaperon protein that is highly conserved throughout animals and plants. The precise biological function of SDF2 is not clear, but its expression is required for innate immunity in plants. Here, we investigate whether a continuous expression of PxSDF2L1 in Nicotiana benthamiana can similarly confer resistance to plant pathogen, particularly, the black shank Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. RESULTS The N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with agrobacteria transformed with a PVX-based binary vector carrying the PxSDF2L1 gene; similar agroinoculation experiments with a PVX vector carrying the GFP gene were used for controls. In pot trials, agroinfected N. benthamiana plants constitutively expressing PxSDF2L1 showed a significant reduction of stem disease symptoms caused by the inoculation with P. parasitica, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We confirm a role of PxSDF2L1 in resistance to black shank, with a potential application to engineering active resistance against this oomycete in the commercial N. tabacum species and propose its evaluation in other crop families and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivis Moran-Bertot
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Orlando Borras-Hidalgo
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Huang
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Denis J Wright
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Du H, Zheng C, Aslam M, Xie X, Wang W, Yang Y, Liu X. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Protein Quality Control and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation Pathway Explain the Reduction of N-glycoprotein Level Under the Lead Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:598552. [PMID: 33519851 PMCID: PMC7838096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Different anthropogenic activities result in the continuous increase of metal lead (Pb) in the environment and adversely affect living organisms. Therefore, it is important to investigate the tolerance mechanism in a model organism. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an important green eukaryotic model microalga for studying different kinds of biological questions. In this study, the responses of C. reinhardtii were revealed via a comprehensive approach, including physiological, genomic, transcriptomic, glycomic, and bioinformatic techniques. Physiological results showed that the growth rate and soluble protein content were significantly reduced under the high lead stress. Also, the results obtained from the genomic and transcriptomic analyses presented that the endoplasmic reticulum-mediated protein quality control (ERQC) system and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway were activated under the third day of high lead stress. The unique upregulated protein disulfide isomerase genes on the ERQC system were proposed to be important for the protein level and protein quality control. The accumulation of specific N-glycans indicated that specific N-glycosylation of proteins might alter the biological functions of proteins to alleviate the Pb stress in alga and/or lead to the degradation of incomplete/misfolded proteins. At the same time, it was observed that genes involved in each process of ERAD were upregulated, suggesting that the ERAD pathway was activated to assist the degradation of incomplete/misfolded proteins. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the reduction of protein level under the high lead stress was related to the activated ERQC system and QRAD pathway. Our findings will provide a solid and reliable foundation and a proposed ERAD working model for further in-depth study of the ERQC system and ERAD pathway under the Pb stress and even other biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canqi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhmmad Aslam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water & Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Xihui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanna Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingquan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Sun JL, Li JY, Wang MJ, Song ZT, Liu JX. Protein Quality Control in Plant Organelles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:95-114. [PMID: 33137518 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are major plant organelles for protein synthesis, photosynthesis, metabolism, and energy production. Protein homeostasis in these organelles, maintained by a balance between protein synthesis and degradation, is essential for cell functions during plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Nucleus-encoded chloroplast- and mitochondrion-targeted proteins and ER-resident proteins are imported from the cytosol and undergo modification and maturation within their respective organelles. Protein folding is an error-prone process that is influenced by both developmental signals and environmental cues; a number of mechanisms have evolved to ensure efficient import and proper folding and maturation of proteins in plant organelles. Misfolded or damaged proteins with nonnative conformations are subject to degradation via complementary or competing pathways: intraorganelle proteases, the organelle-associated ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the selective autophagy of partial or entire organelles. When proteins in nonnative conformations accumulate, the organelle-specific unfolded protein response operates to restore protein homeostasis by reducing protein folding demand, increasing protein folding capacity, and enhancing components involved in proteasome-associated protein degradation and autophagy. This review summarizes recent progress on the understanding of protein quality control in the ER, chloroplasts, and mitochondria in plants, with a focus on common mechanisms shared by these organelles during protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mei-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze-Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Czékus Z, Csíkos O, Ördög A, Tari I, Poór P. Effects of Jasmonic Acid in ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Tomato Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071031. [PMID: 32664460 PMCID: PMC7407312 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress elicits a protective mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain cellular homeostasis, which can be regulated by defence hormones. In this study, the physiological role of jasmonic acid (JA) in ER stress and UPR signalling has been investigated in intact leaves of tomato plants. Exogenous JA treatments not only induced the transcript accumulation of UPR marker gene SlBiP but also elevated transcript levels of SlIRE1 and SlbZIP60. By the application of JA signalling mutant jai1 plants, the role of JA in ER stress sensing and signalling was further investigated. Treatment with tunicamycin (Tm), the inhibitor of N-glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins, increased the transcript levels of SlBiP. Interestingly, SlIRE1a and SlIRE1b were significantly lower in jai1. In contrast, the transcript accumulation of Bax Inhibitor-1 (SlBI1) and SlbZIP60 was higher in jai1. To evaluate how a chemical chaperone modulates Tm-induced ER stress, plants were treated with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, which also decreased the Tm-induced increase in SlBiP, SlIRE1a, and SlBI1 transcripts. In addition, it was found that changes in hydrogen peroxide content, proteasomal activity, and lipid peroxidation induced by Tm is regulated by JA, while nitric oxide was not involved in ER stress and UPR signalling in leaves of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Csíkos
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Huang A, Tang Y, Shi X, Jia M, Zhu J, Yan X, Chen H, Gu Y. Proximity labeling proteomics reveals critical regulators for inner nuclear membrane protein degradation in plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3284. [PMID: 32601292 PMCID: PMC7324386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner nuclear membrane (INM) selectively accumulates proteins that are essential for nuclear functions; however, overaccumulation of INM proteins results in a range of rare genetic disorders. So far, little is known about how defective, mislocalized, or abnormally accumulated membrane proteins are actively removed from the INM, especially in plants and animals. Here, via analysis of a proximity-labeling proteomic profile of INM-associated proteins in Arabidopsis, we identify critical components for an INM protein degradation pathway. We show that this pathway relies on the CDC48 complex for INM protein extraction and 26S proteasome for subsequent protein degradation. Moreover, we show that CDC48 at the INM may be regulated by a subgroup of PUX proteins, which determine the substrate specificity or affect the ATPase activity of CDC48. These PUX proteins specifically associate with the nucleoskeleton underneath the INM and physically interact with CDC48 proteins to negatively regulate INM protein degradation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobo Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jinheng Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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24
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Trempel F, Eschen-Lippold L, Bauer N, Ranf S, Westphal L, Scheel D, Lee J. A mutation in Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation 12 (ALG12) leads to receptor misglycosylation and attenuated responses to multiple microbial elicitors. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2440-2451. [PMID: 32484235 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cellular calcium levels are one of the earliest signalling events in plants exposed to pathogens or other exogenous factors. In a genetic screen, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana 'changed calcium elevation 1' (cce1) mutant with attenuated calcium response to the bacterial flagellin flg22 peptide and several other elicitors. Whole-genome resequencing revealed a mutation in asparagine-linked glycosylation 12 that encodes the mannosyltransferase responsible for adding the eighth mannose residue in an α-1,6 linkage to the dolichol-PP-oligosaccharide N-glycosylation glycan tree precursors. While properly targeted to the plasma membrane, misglycosylation of several receptors in the cce1 background suggests that N-glycosylation is required for proper functioning of client proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Bauer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Lore Westphal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Dierk Scheel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
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25
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Protein import into chloroplasts and its regulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:71-82. [PMID: 31922184 PMCID: PMC7054747 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are photosynthetic plant organelles descended from a bacterial ancestor. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and then imported into the chloroplast post-translationally. Translocation complexes exist in the organelle's outer and inner envelope membranes (termed TOC and TIC, respectively) to facilitate protein import. These systems recognize chloroplast precursor proteins and mediate their import in an energy-dependent manner. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding mechanistic details of the import process and the participation and functions of individual components; for example, the cytosolic events that mediate protein delivery to chloroplasts, the composition of the TIC apparatus, and the nature of the protein import motor all require resolution. The flux of proteins through TOC and TIC varies greatly throughout development and in response to specific environmental cues. The import process is, therefore, tightly regulated, and it has emerged that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a key role in this regard, acting at several different steps in the process. The UPS is involved in: the selective degradation of transcription factors that co-ordinate the expression of chloroplast precursor proteins; the removal of unimported chloroplast precursor proteins in the cytosol; the inhibition of chloroplast biogenesis pre-germination; and the reconfiguration of the TOC apparatus in response to developmental and environmental signals in a process termed chloroplast-associated protein degradation. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of protein import into chloroplasts and how this process is regulated by the UPS.
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26
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Ischebeck T, Krawczyk HE, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD. Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:82-93. [PMID: 32147380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent an energy-rich and carbon-dense group of hydrophobic compounds. These oils are not only of economic interest, but also play important, fundamental roles in plant and algal growth and development. The subcellular storage compartments of plant lipids, referred to as lipid droplets (LDs), have long been considered relatively inert oil vessels. However, research in the last decade has revealed that LDs play far more dynamic roles in plant biology than previously appreciated, including transient neutral lipid storage, membrane remodeling, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Here we discuss recent developments in the understanding of LD formation, turnover and function in land plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannah E Krawczyk
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- University of North Texas, BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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27
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He D, Li M, Damaris RN, Bu C, Xue J, Yang P. Quantitative ubiquitylomics approach for characterizing the dynamic change and extensive modulation of ubiquitylation in rice seed germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1430-1447. [PMID: 31677306 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During seed germination, cells embark on extensive post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications (PTM), providing a perfect platform to study these events in embryo rebooting from relative quiescenct to highly active state. PR-619, a deubiquitylase inhibitor, delayed the rice seed germination and resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, which indicated the protein ubiquitylation is involved in this process. Using the K-Ɛ-GG antibody enrichment method integrated with high-resolution mass spectrometry, a list of 2576 lysine ubiquitylated (Kub) sites in 1171 proteins was compiled for rice embryos at 0, 12 and 24 h after imbibition (HAI). Of these, the abundance of 1419 Kub sites in 777 proteins changed significantly. Most of them substantially increased within the first 12 HAI, which is similar to the dynamic state previously observed for protein phosphorylation, implying that the first 12 HAI are essential for subsequent switch during rice seed germination. We also quantitatively analyzed the embryo proteome in these samples. Generally, a specific protein's abundance in the ubiquitylome was uncorrelated to that in the proteome. The differentially ubiquitinated proteins were greatly enriched in the categories of protein processing, DNA and RNA processing/regulation related, signaling, and transport. The DiGly footprint of the Kub sites was significantly reduced on K48, a linkage typically associated with proteasome-mediated degradation. These observations suggest ubiquitylation may modulate the protein function more than providing 26S degradation signals in the early stage of rice seed germination. Revealing this comprehensive ubiquitylome greatly increases our understanding of this critical PTM during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rebecca N Damaris
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chen Bu
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jianyou Xue
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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28
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Zhang J, Wu J, Liu L, Li J. The Crucial Role of Demannosylating Asparagine-Linked Glycans in ERADicating Misfolded Glycoproteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:625033. [PMID: 33510762 PMCID: PMC7835635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.625033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most membrane and secreted proteins are glycosylated on certain asparagine (N) residues in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is crucial for their correct folding and function. Protein folding is a fundamentally inefficient and error-prone process that can be easily interfered by genetic mutations, stochastic cellular events, and environmental stresses. Because misfolded proteins not only lead to functional deficiency but also produce gain-of-function cellular toxicity, eukaryotic organisms have evolved highly conserved ER-mediated protein quality control (ERQC) mechanisms to monitor protein folding, retain and repair incompletely folded or misfolded proteins, or remove terminally misfolded proteins via a unique ER-associated degradation (ERAD) mechanism. A crucial event that terminates futile refolding attempts of a misfolded glycoprotein and diverts it into the ERAD pathway is executed by removal of certain terminal α1,2-mannose (Man) residues of their N-glycans. Earlier studies were centered around an ER-type α1,2-mannosidase that specifically cleaves the terminal α1,2Man residue from the B-branch of the three-branched N-linked Man9GlcNAc2 (GlcNAc for N-acetylglucosamine) glycan, but recent investigations revealed that the signal that marks a terminally misfolded glycoprotein for ERAD is an N-glycan with an exposed α1,6Man residue generated by members of a unique folding-sensitive α1,2-mannosidase family known as ER-degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins (EDEMs). This review provides a historical recount of major discoveries that led to our current understanding on the role of demannosylating N-glycans in sentencing irreparable misfolded glycoproteins into ERAD. It also discusses conserved and distinct features of the demannosylation processes of the ERAD systems of yeast, mammals, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianming Li, ;
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29
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The Multifaceted Roles of Plant Hormone Salicylic Acid in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235842. [PMID: 31766401 PMCID: PMC6928836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in ER stress. In response to ER stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing chaperon synthesis, protein folding capacity, and degradation of misfolded proteins. These responses of plants are called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress signaling and UPR can be regulated by salicylic acid (SA), but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in ER stress and UPR is summarized in model plants and crops to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels.
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30
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Kim S, Choi Y, Kwon C, Yun HS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced accumulation of VAMP721/722 requires CALRETICULIN 1 and CALRETICULIN 2 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:974-980. [PMID: 30280512 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Excessive demand for translation and protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can cause ER stress in plants. Here, we show that CALRETICULIN 1 (CRT1) and CRT2 are critical components in the accumulation of VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 721 (VAMP721) and VAMP722 during ER stress responses. We show that CRT2 interacts with VAMP722 and that CRT1/2 post-translationally maintain elevated VAMP721/722 levels under ER stress. The greater growth inhibition in VAMP721/722-deficient plants, induced by tunicamycin, suggests that plants under ER stress maintain physiological homeostasis, at least in part, by regulating VAMP721/722 levels, as VAMP721/722 are known to participate in various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Yunjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Chian Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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31
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A signal motif retains Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I in the cis-Golgi and prevents enhanced glycoprotein ERAD. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3701. [PMID: 31420549 PMCID: PMC6697737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I (MNS3) generates an oligomannosidic N-glycan structure that is characteristically found on ER-resident glycoproteins. The enzyme itself has so far not been detected in the ER. Here, we provide evidence that in plants MNS3 exclusively resides in the Golgi apparatus at steady-state. Notably, MNS3 remains on dispersed punctate structures when subjected to different approaches that commonly result in the relocation of Golgi enzymes to the ER. Responsible for this rare behavior is an amino acid signal motif (LPYS) within the cytoplasmic tail of MNS3 that acts as a specific Golgi retention signal. This retention is a means to spatially separate MNS3 from ER-localized mannose trimming steps that generate the glycan signal required for flagging terminally misfolded glycoproteins for ERAD. The physiological importance of the very specific MNS3 localization is demonstrated here by means of a structurally impaired variant of the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1. The Arabidopsis ER-α-mannosidase I MNS3 generates N-glycan structures typical of ER-resident glycoproteins. Here Schoberer et al. identify a novel motif that anchors MNS3 to the cis-Golgi, spatially separating MNS3 from ER-localized mannose trimming associated with the ER-associated degradation pathway.
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32
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Ling Q, Broad W, Trösch R, Töpel M, Demiral Sert T, Lymperopoulos P, Baldwin A, Jarvis RP. Ubiquitin-dependent chloroplast-associated protein degradation in plants. Science 2019; 363:363/6429/eaav4467. [PMID: 30792274 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplasts contain thousands of nucleus-encoded proteins that are imported from the cytosol by translocases in the chloroplast envelope membranes. Proteolytic regulation of the translocases is critically important, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We applied forward genetics and proteomics in Arabidopsis to identify factors required for chloroplast outer envelope membrane (OEM) protein degradation. We identified SP2, an Omp85-type β-barrel channel of the OEM, and CDC48, a cytosolic AAA+ (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) chaperone. Both proteins acted in the same pathway as the ubiquitin E3 ligase SP1, which regulates OEM translocase components. SP2 and CDC48 cooperated to bring about retrotranslocation of ubiquitinated substrates from the OEM (fulfilling conductance and motor functions, respectively), enabling degradation of the substrates by the 26S proteasome in the cytosol. Such chloroplast-associated protein degradation (CHLORAD) is vital for organellar functions and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - William Broad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Raphael Trösch
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Baldwin
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. .,Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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33
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PAWH1 and PAWH2 are plant-specific components of an Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation complex. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3492. [PMID: 31375683 PMCID: PMC6677890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is a unique mechanism to degrade misfolded proteins via complexes containing several highly-conserved ER-anchored ubiquitin ligases such as HMG-CoA reductase degradation1 (Hrd1). Arabidopsis has a similar Hrd1-containing ERAD machinery; however, our knowledge of this complex is limited. Here we report two closely-related Arabidopsis proteins, Protein Associated With Hrd1-1 (PAWH1) and PAWH2, which share a conserved domain with yeast Altered Inheritance of Mitochondria24. PAWH1 and PAWH2 localize to the ER membrane and associate with Hrd1 via EMS-mutagenized Bri1 Suppressor7 (EBS7), a plant-specific component of the Hrd1 complex. Simultaneously elimination of two PAWHs constitutively activates the unfolded protein response and compromises stress tolerance. Importantly, the pawh1 pawh2 double mutation reduces the protein abundance of EBS7 and Hrd1 and inhibits degradation of several ERAD substrates. Our study not only discovers additional plant-specific components of the Arabidopsis Hrd1 complex but also reveals a distinct mechanism for regulating the Hrd1 stability.
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Zhang R, Chen H, Duan M, Zhu F, Wen J, Dong J, Wang T. Medicago falcata MfSTMIR, an E3 ligase of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, is involved in salt stress response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:680-696. [PMID: 30712282 PMCID: PMC6849540 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on E3 of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) in plants have revealed homologs in yeast and animals. However, it remains unknown whether the plant ERAD system contains a plant-specific E3 ligase. Here, we report that MfSTMIR, which encodes an ER-membrane-localized RING E3 ligase that is highly conserved in leguminous plants, plays essential roles in the response of ER and salt stress in Medicago. MfSTMIR expression was induced by salt and tunicamycin (Tm). mtstmir loss-of-function mutants displayed impaired induction of the ER stress-responsive genes BiP1/2 and BiP3 under Tm treatment and sensitivity to salt stress. MfSTMIR promoted the degradation of a known ERAD substrate, CPY*. MfSTMIR interacted with the ERAD-associated ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme MtUBC32 and Sec61-translocon subunit MtSec61γ. MfSTMIR did not affect MtSec61γ protein stability. Our results suggest that the plant-specific E3 ligase MfSTMIR participates in the ERAD pathway by interacting with MtUBC32 and MtSec61γ to relieve ER stress during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Crop Research Institute of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural SciencesTianjin300384China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Mei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Fugui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology DivisionSamuel Roberts Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOklahoma73401USA
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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Zhou J, Wang P, Claus LAN, Savatin DV, Xu G, Wu S, Meng X, Russinova E, He P, Shan L. Proteolytic Processing of SERK3/BAK1 Regulates Plant Immunity, Development, and Cell Death. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:543-558. [PMID: 30782965 PMCID: PMC6501102 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved many receptor-like kinases (RLKs) to sense extrinsic and intrinsic cues. The signaling pathways mediated by multiple Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) RLK (LRR-RLK) receptors require ligand-induced receptor-coreceptor heterodimerization and transphosphorylation with BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1)/SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASES family LRR-RLKs. Here we reveal an additional layer of regulation of BAK1 via a Ca2+-dependent proteolytic cleavage process that is conserved in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Nicotiana benthamiana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae The proteolytic cleavage of BAK1 is intrinsically regulated in response to developmental cues and immune stimulation. The surface-exposed Asp (D287) residue of BAK1 is critical for its proteolytic cleavage and plays an essential role in BAK1-regulated plant immunity, growth hormone brassinosteroid-mediated responses, and cell death containment. BAK1D287A mutation impairs BAK1 phosphorylation on its substrate BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1), and its plasma membrane localization. Intriguingly, it aggravates BAK1 overexpression-triggered cell death independent of BIK1, suggesting that maintaining homeostasis of BAK1 through a proteolytic process is crucial to control plant growth and immunity. Our data reveal that in addition to layered transphosphorylation in the receptor complexes, the proteolytic cleavage is an important regulatory process for the proper functions of the shared coreceptor BAK1 in diverse cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggeng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Lucas A N Claus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel V Savatin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Shujing Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018 China
| | - Xiangzong Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Vu KV, Jeong CY, Nguyen TT, Dinh TTH, Lee H, Hong SW. Deficiency of AtGFAT1 activity impairs growth, pollen germination and tolerance to tunicamycin in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1775-1787. [PMID: 30775776 PMCID: PMC6436160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays essential roles in growth and development in plants. However, insight into the biological function of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1), mediating the first regulatory step of the HBP, remains unclear in plants. Here, we report the molecular characterization of Arabidopsis AtGFAT1 gene. AtGFAT1 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, but its expression was not detectable in the rest of the organs. Pollen grains bearing the gfat1-2 knockout allele displayed defects in a polar deposition of pectin and callose in the pollen cell wall, leading to no genetic transmission of the gfat1-2 allele through the male gametophyte. AtGFAT1 overexpression increased glucosamine (GlcN) content and enhanced resistance to tunicamycin (Tm) treatment, while RNAi-mediated suppression reduced GlcN content and resistance to Tm treatment. However, the decrease in Tm resistance by RNAi suppression of AtGFAT1 was recovered by a GlcN supplement. The exogenous GlcN supplement also rescued gfat1-2/gaft1-2 mutant plants, which were otherwise not viable. The gfat1-2/gfat1-2 plants stopped growing at the germination stage on GlcN-free medium, but GlcN supplement allowed wild-type growth of gfat1-2/gfat1-2 plants. In addition, reactive oxygen species production, cell death and a decrease in protein N-glycosylation were observed in gfat1-2/gaft1-2 mutant plants grown on GlcN-free medium, whereas these aberrant defects were not detectable on GlcN-sufficient medium. Taken together, these results show that the reduction of protein N-glycosylation was at least partially responsible for many aberrant phenotypes in growth and development as well as the response to Tm treatment caused by AtGFAT1 deficiency in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Van Vu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
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Liu L, Li J. Communications Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Other Organelles During Abiotic Stress Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:749. [PMID: 31249578 PMCID: PMC6582665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions, plants have evolved sophisticated tolerance mechanisms to integrate various stress signals and to coordinate plant growth and development. It is well known that inter-organellar communications play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to environmental stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, is a central organelle involved in lipid metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and synthesis and folding of secretory and transmembrane proteins crucial to perceive and transduce environmental signals. The ER communicates with the nucleus via the highly conserved unfolded protein response pathway to mitigate ER stress. Importantly, recent studies have revealed that the dynamic ER network physically interacts with other intracellular organelles and endomembrane compartments, such as the Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome, vacuole, and the plasma membrane, through multiple membrane contact sites between closely apposed organelles. In this review, we will discuss the signaling and metabolite exchanges between the ER and other organelles during abiotic stress responses in plants as well as the ER-organelle membrane contact sites and their associated tethering complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianming Li, ;
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38
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Wang H, Zhang L, Tao Y, Wang Z, Shen D, Dong H. Transmembrane Helices 2 and 3 Determine the Localization of Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins in Eukaryotic Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1671. [PMID: 31998350 PMCID: PMC6966961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) PIP1s and PIP2s mediate the transport of disparate substrates across plasma membranes (PMs), with a prerequisite that the proteins correctly localize to the PMs. While PIP2s can take correct localization by themselves in plant cells, PIP1s cannot unless aided by a specific PIP2. Here, we analyzed the localization of the Arabidopsis aquaporins, AtPIP1s, AtPIP2;4, and their mutants in yeast, Xenopus oocytes, and protoplasts of Arabidopsis. Most of AtPIP2;4 localized in the PM when expressed alone, whereas AtPIP1;1 failed to realize it in yeast and Xenopus oocytes. Switch of the transmembrane helix 2 (TM2) or TM3 from AtPIP1;1 to AtPIP2;4 disabled the latter's PM targeting activity. Surprisingly, a replacement of TM2 and TM3 of AtPIP1;1 with those of AtPIP2;4 created a PM-localized AtPIP1;1 mutant, 1;1Δ(TM2+TM3)/2;4(TM2+TM3), which could act as a water and hydrogen peroxide channel just like AtPIP2;4. A localization and function analysis on mutants of AtPIP1;2, AtPIP1;3, AtPIP1;4, and AtPIP1;5, with the same replaced TM2 and TM3 from AtPIP2;4, showed that these AtPIP1 variants could also localize in the PM spontaneously, thus playing an inherent role in transporting solutes. Sequential and structural analysis suggested that a hydrophilic residue and a defective LxxxA motif are modulators of PM localization of AtPIP1s. These results indicate that TM2 and TM3 are necessary and, more importantly, sufficient in AtPIP2 for its PM localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuodong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Shen, ; Hansong Dong,
| | - Hansong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Shen, ; Hansong Dong,
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39
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Zhang X, Zhou L, Qin Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang M, Mao J, Zhang J, He Z, Liu L, Li J. A Temperature-Sensitive Misfolded bri1-301 Receptor Requires Its Kinase Activity to Promote Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1704-1719. [PMID: 30333151 PMCID: PMC6288740 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) is a leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinase that functions as the cell surface receptor for brassinosteroids (BRs). Previous studies showed that BRI1 requires its kinase activity to transduce the extracellular BR signal into the nucleus. Among the many reported mutant bri1 alleles, bri1-301 is unique, as its glycine-989-to-isoleucine mutation completely inhibits its kinase activity in vitro but only gives rise to a weak dwarf phenotype compared with strong or null bri1 alleles, raising the question of whether kinase activity is essential for the biological function of BRI1. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) bri1-301 mutant receptor exhibits weak BR-triggered phosphorylation in vivo and absolutely requires its kinase activity for the limited growth that occurs in the bri1-301 mutant. We also show that bri1-301 is a temperature-sensitive misfolded protein that is rapidly degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum and at the plasma membrane by yet unknown mechanisms. A temperature increase from 22°C to 29°C reduced the protein stability and biochemical activity of bri1-301, likely due to temperature-enhanced protein misfolding. The bri1-301 protein could be used as a model to study the degradation machinery for misfolded membrane proteins with cytosolic structural lesions and the plasma membrane-associated protein quality-control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100004, China
| | - Linyao Zhou
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100004, China
| | - Yukuo Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100004, China
| | - Yongwu Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100004, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Muyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zuhua He
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
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40
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Lv M, Li M, Chen W, Wang Y, Sun C, Yin H, He K, Li J. Thermal-Enhanced bri1-301 Instability Reveals a Plasma Membrane Protein Quality Control System in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1620. [PMID: 30459799 PMCID: PMC6232910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential phytohormones mainly perceived by a single-pass transmembrane receptor-like protein kinase (RLK), BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). bri1-5 and bri1-9, two distinct mutants with point mutations in the extracellular domain of BRI1, show weak defective phenotypes. Previous studies indicated that bri1-5 and bri1-9 mutated proteins can be recognized and eliminated via an endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) mechanism. Most of these two proteins, therefore, cannot reach their destination, plasma membrane. Here, we report our functional characterization of bri1-301, another BRI1 mutant protein with an amino acid substitution in the cytoplasmic kinase domain. bri1-301 is a partially functional BR receptor with significantly decreased protein abundance. Interestingly, protein stability and subcellular localization of bri1-301 are temperature-sensitive. At 22°C, an optimal temperature for indoor Arabidopsis growth, bri1-301 shows a weak defective phenotype. At a lower temperature condition such as 18°C, bri1-301 exhibits subtle morphological defects. At a higher temperature condition such as 28°C, on the other hand, bri1-301 displays an extremely severe phenotype reminiscent to that of a null bri1 mutant due to greatly increased bri1-301 internalization and degradation. Our detailed analyses suggest that bri1-301 stability is controlled by ERQC and plasma membrane quality control (PMQC) systems. Since PMQC has not been well studied in plants, bri1-301 can be used as a model mutant for future genetic dissection of this critical process.
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41
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Tian L, Xing Y, Fukuda M, Li R, Kumamaru T, Qian D, Dong X, Qu LQ. A conserved motif is essential for the correct assembly of proglutelins and for their export from the endoplasmic reticulum in rice endosperm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5029-5043. [PMID: 30107432 PMCID: PMC6184509 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice glutelins are initially synthesized as 57-kDa precursors at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are ultimately transported into protein storage vacuoles. However, the sequence motifs that affect proglutelin folding, assembly, and their export from the ER remain poorly defined. In this study, we characterized a mutant with nine amino acids deleted in the GluA2 protein, which resulted in specific accumulation of the GluA precursor. The deleted amino acids constitute a well-conserved sequence (LVYIIQGRG) in glutelins and all residues in this motif are necessary for ER export of GluA2. Immunoelectron microscopy and stable transgenic analyses indicated that proglutelins with deletion of this motif misassembled and aggregated through non-native intermolecular disulfide bonds, and were deposited in ER-derived protein bodies (PB-Is), resulting in conversion of PB-Is into a new type of PB. These results indicate that the conserved motif is essential for proper assembly of proglutelin. The correct assembly of proglutelins is critical for their segregation from prolamins in the ER lumen, which is essential for enabling the export of proglutelin from the ER and for the proper formation of PB-Is. We also found that the interchain disulfide bond between acidic and basic subunits is not necessary for their assembly, but it is required for proglutelin folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dandan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Qing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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Kretzschmar FK, Mengel LA, Müller AO, Schmitt K, Blersch KF, Valerius O, Braus GH, Ischebeck T. PUX10 Is a Lipid Droplet-Localized Scaffold Protein That Interacts with CELL DIVISION CYCLE48 and Is Involved in the Degradation of Lipid Droplet Proteins. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2137-2160. [PMID: 30087207 PMCID: PMC6181012 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of known proteins associated with plant lipid droplets (LDs) is small compared with other organelles. Many aspects of LD biosynthesis and degradation are unknown, and identifying and characterizing candidate LD proteins could help elucidate these processes. Here, we analyzed the proteome of LD-enriched fractions isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes. Proteins that were highly enriched in comparison with the total or cytosolic fraction were further tested for LD localization via transient expression in pollen tubes. One of these proteins, PLANT UBX DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN10 (PUX10), is a member of the plant UBX domain-containing (PUX) protein family. This protein localizes to LDs via a unique hydrophobic polypeptide sequence and can recruit the AAA-type ATPase CELL DIVISION CYCLE48 (CDC48) protein via its UBX domain. PUX10 is conserved in Arabidopsis thaliana and expressed in embryos, pollen tubes, and seedlings. In pux10 knockout mutants in Arabidopsis, LD size is significantly increased. Proteomic analysis of pux10 mutants revealed a delayed degradation of known LD proteins, some of which possessed ubiquitination sites. We propose that PUX10 is involved in a protein degradation pathway at LDs, mediating an interaction between polyubiquitinated proteins targeted for degradation and downstream effectors such as CDC48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska K Kretzschmar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura A Mengel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna O Müller
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina F Blersch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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43
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Deruyffelaere C, Purkrtova Z, Bouchez I, Collet B, Cacas JL, Chardot T, Gallois JL, D'Andrea S. PUX10 Is a CDC48A Adaptor Protein That Regulates the Extraction of Ubiquitinated Oleosins from Seed Lipid Droplets in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2116-2136. [PMID: 30087208 PMCID: PMC6181022 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Postgerminative mobilization of neutral lipids stored in seed lipid droplets (LDs) is preceded by the degradation of oleosins, the major structural LD proteins that stabilize LDs in dry seeds. We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana oleosins are marked for degradation by ubiquitination and are extracted from LDs before proteolysis. However, the mechanisms underlying the dislocation of these LD-anchored proteins from the LD monolayer are yet unknown. Here, we report that PUX10, a member of the plant UBX-domain containing (PUX) protein family, is an integral LD protein that associates with a subpopulation of LDs during seed germination. In pux10 mutant seedlings, PUX10 deficiency impaired the degradation of ubiquitinated oleosins and prevented the extraction of ubiquitinated oleosins from LDs. We also showed that PUX10 interacts with ubiquitin and CDC48A, the AAA ATPase Cell Division Cycle 48, through its UBA and UBX domains, respectively. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that PUX10 is an adaptor recruiting CDC48A to ubiquitinated oleosins, thus facilitating the dislocation of oleosins from LDs by the segregase activity of CDC48A. We propose that PUX10 and CDC48A are core components of a LD-associated degradation machinery, which we named the LD-associated degradation system. Importantly, PUX10 is also the first determinant of a LD subpopulation described in plants, suggesting functional differentiation of LDs in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Deruyffelaere
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Zita Purkrtova
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Bouchez
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Boris Collet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Thierry Chardot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | - Sabine D'Andrea
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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Shin Y, Vavra U, Veit C, Strasser R. The glycan-dependent ERAD machinery degrades topologically diverse misfolded proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:246-259. [PMID: 29396984 PMCID: PMC5900737 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many soluble and integral membrane proteins fold in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the help of chaperones and folding factors. Despite these efforts, protein folding is intrinsically error prone and amino acid changes, alterations in post-translational modifications or cellular stress can cause protein misfolding. Folding-defective non-native proteins are cleared from the ER and typically undergo ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Here, we investigated whether different misfolded glycoproteins require the same set of ERAD factors and are directed to HRD1 complex-mediated degradation in plants. We generated a series of glycoprotein ERAD substrates harboring a misfolded domain from Arabidopsis STRUBBELIG or the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITVE 1 receptor fused to different membrane anchoring regions. We show that single pass and multispanning ERAD substrates are subjected to glycan-dependent degradation by the HRD1 complex. However, the presence of a powerful ER exit signal in the multispanning ERAD substrates causes competition with ER quality control and targeting of misfolded glycoproteins to the vacuole. Our results demonstrate that the same machinery is used for degradation of topologically different misfolded glycoproteins in the ER of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Ji Shin
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18ViennaA‐1190Austria
| | - Ulrike Vavra
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18ViennaA‐1190Austria
| | - Christiane Veit
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18ViennaA‐1190Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18ViennaA‐1190Austria
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Zhou J, Wang Z, Wang X, Li X, Zhang Z, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Dicot-specific ATG8-interacting ATI3 proteins interact with conserved UBAC2 proteins and play critical roles in plant stress responses. Autophagy 2018; 14:487-504. [PMID: 29313416 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1422856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective macroautophagy/autophagy targets specific cargo by autophagy receptors through interaction with ATG8 (autophagy-related protein 8)/MAP1LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) for degradation in the vacuole. Here, we report the identification and characterization of 3 related ATG8-interacting proteins (AT1G17780/ATI3A, AT2G16575/ATI3B and AT1G73130/ATI3C) from Arabidopsis. ATI3 proteins contain a WxxL LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif at the C terminus required for interaction with ATG8. ATI3 homologs are found only in dicots but not in other organisms including monocots. Disruption of ATI3A does not alter plant growth or development but compromises both plant heat tolerance and resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The critical role of ATI3A in plant stress tolerance and disease resistance is dependent on its interaction with ATG8. Disruption of ATI3B and ATI3C also significantly compromises plant heat tolerance. ATI3A interacts with AT3G56740/UBAC2A and AT2G41160/UBAC2B (Ubiquitin-associated [UBA] protein 2a/b), 2 conserved proteins implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. Disruption of UBAC2A and UBAC2B also compromised heat tolerance and resistance to B. cinerea. Overexpression of UBAC2 induces formation of ATG8- and ATI3-labeled punctate structures under normal conditions, likely reflecting increased formation of phagophores or autophagosomes. The ati3 and ubac2 mutants are significantly compromised in sensitivity to tunicamycin, an ER stress-inducing agent, but are fully competent in autophagy-dependent ER degradation under conditions of ER stress when using an ER lumenal marker for detection. We propose that ATI3 and UBAC2 play an important role in plant stress responses by mediating selective autophagy of specific unknown ER components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- a Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,c National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xifeng Li
- a Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,d Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute , Jurong City , Jiangsu , China
| | - Baofang Fan
- b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- e College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- a Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,e College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , China
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46
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Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is an essential posttranslational modification which is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum. In plants, the N-glycans play a pivotal role for protein folding and quality control. Through the interaction of glycan processing and binding reactions mediated by ER-resident glycosidases and specific carbohydrate binding proteins, the N-glycans contribute to the adoption of a native protein conformation. Properly folded glycoproteins are released from these processes and allowed to continue their transit to the Golgi where further processing and maturation of N-glycans leads to the formation of more complex structures with different functions. Incompletely folded glycoproteins are removed from the ER by a highly conserved degradation process to prevent the accumulation or secretion of misfolded proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. Here, we describe methods to analyze the N-glycosylation status and the glycan-dependent ER-associated degradation process in plants.
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47
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Rips S, Frank M, Elting A, Offenborn JN, von Schaewen A. Golgi α1,4-fucosyltransferase of Arabidopsis thaliana partially localizes at the nuclear envelope. Traffic 2017; 18:646-657. [PMID: 28753226 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed plant-derived α1,4-fucosyltransferase (FucTc) homologs by reporter fusions and focused on representatives of the Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. Arabidopsis thaliana AtFucTc-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or tomato LeFucTc-GFP restored Lewis-a formation in a fuctc mutant, confirming functionality in the trans-Golgi. AtFucTc-GFP partly accumulated at the nuclear envelope (NE) not observed for other homologs or truncated AtFucTc lacking the N-terminus or catalytic domain. Analysis of At/LeFucTc-GFP swap constructs with exchanged cytosolic, transmembrane and stalk (CTS), or only the CT regions, revealed that sorting information resides in the membrane anchor. Other domains of AtFuctc also contribute, since amino-acid changes in the CT region strongly reduced but did not abolish NE localization. By contrast, two N-terminal GFP copies did, indicating localization at the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Tunicamycin treatment of AtFucTc-GFP abolished NE localization and enhanced overlap with an endosomal marker, suggesting involvement of N-glycosylation. Yet neither expression in protoplasts of Arabidopsis N-glycosylation mutants nor elimination of the N-glycosylation site in AtFucTc prevented perinuclear accumulation. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport by co-expression of Sar1(H74L) trapped tunicamycin-released AtFucTc-GFP in the ER, however, without NE localization. Since recovery after tunicamycin-washout required de novo-protein synthesis, our analyses suggest that AtFucTc localizes to the NE/INM due to interaction with an unknown (glyco)protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rips
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Frank
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annegret Elting
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Lu Y, Li R, Wang R, Wang X, Zheng W, Sun Q, Tong S, Dai S, Xu S. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Flag Leaves Reveals New Insight into Wheat Heat Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1086. [PMID: 28676819 PMCID: PMC5476934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop but it is vulnerable to heat. The heat-responsive proteome of wheat remains to be fully elucidated because of previous technical and genomic limitations, and this has hindered our understanding of the mechanisms of wheat heat adaptation and advances in improving thermotolerance. Here, flag leaves of wheat during grain filling stage were subjected to high daytime temperature stress, and 258 heat-responsive proteins (HRPs) were identified with iTRAQ analysis. Enrichment analysis revealed that chlorophyll synthesis, carbon fixation, protein turnover, and redox regulation were the most remarkable heat-responsive processes. The HRPs involved in chlorophyll synthesis and carbon fixation were significantly decreased, together with severe membrane damage, demonstrating the specific effects of heat on photosynthesis of wheat leaves. In addition, the decrease in chlorophyll content may result from the decrease in HRPs involved in chlorophyll precursor synthesis. Further analysis showed that the accumulated effect of heat stress played a critical role in photosynthesis reduction, suggested that improvement in heat tolerance of photosynthesis, and extending heat tolerant period would be major research targets. The significantly accumulation of GSTs and Trxs in response to heat suggested their important roles in redox regulation, and they could be the promising candidates for improving wheat thermotolerance. In summary, our results provide new insight into wheat heat adaption and provide new perspectives on thermotolerance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shaoming Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Sun H, Liu X, Li F, Li W, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Shen L, Li Y, Wang F, Yang J. First comprehensive proteome analysis of lysine crotonylation in seedling leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3013. [PMID: 28592803 PMCID: PMC5462846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone crotonylation is a new lysine acylation type of post-translational modification (PTM) enriched at active gene promoters and potential enhancers in yeast and mammalian cells. However, lysine crotonylation in nonhistone proteins and plant cells has not yet been studied. In the present study, we performed a global crotonylation proteome analysis of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. A total of 2044 lysine modification sites distributed on 637 proteins were identified, representing the most abundant lysine acylation proteome reported in the plant kingdom. Similar to lysine acetylation and succinylation in plants, lysine crotonylation was related to multiple metabolism pathways, such as carbon metabolism, the citrate cycle, glycolysis, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Importantly, 72 proteins participated in multiple processes of photosynthesis, and most of the enzymes involved in chlorophyll synthesis were modified through crotonylation. Numerous crotonylated proteins were implicated in the biosynthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Several crotonylated proteins related to chromatin organization are also discussed here. These data represent the first report of a global crotonylation proteome and provide a promising starting point for further functional research of crotonylation in nonhistone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Baoshan Branch, Yunnan tobacco company, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Baoshan Branch, Yunnan tobacco company, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Zhixin Xiao
- Hongyunhonghe Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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50
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The Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation pathways are involved in the regulation of heat stress response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:362-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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