1
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Tian H, Lyu R, Yi P. Crosstalk between Rho of Plants GTPase signalling and plant hormones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3778-3796. [PMID: 38616410 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Rho of Plants (ROPs) constitute a plant-specific subset of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins within the Cdc42/Rho/Rac family. These versatile proteins regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, cell division, cell morphogenesis, organ development, and stress responses. In recent years, the dynamic cellular and subcellular behaviours orchestrated by ROPs have unveiled a notable connection to hormone-mediated organ development and physiological responses, thereby expanding our knowledge of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this signalling pathway. This review delineates advancements in understanding the interplay between plant hormones and the ROP signalling cascade, focusing primarily on the connections with auxin and abscisic acid pathways, alongside preliminary discoveries in cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid responses. It endeavours to shed light on the intricate, coordinated mechanisms bridging cell- and tissue-level signals that underlie plant cell behaviour, organ development, and physiological processes, and highlights future research prospects and challenges in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Peishan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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2
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Yan Y, Wang H, Bi Y, Wang J, Noman M, Li D, Song F. OsATL32 ubiquitinates the reactive oxygen species-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module to suppress rice immunity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1459-1480. [PMID: 38629772 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity, with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process. Here, we report the functions of OsATL32, a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura (ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, in rice (Oryza sativa) immunity and its associated regulatory network. We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M. oryzae strain or to chitin treatment. OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases, as well as chitin-triggered immunity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module, which enhances rice immunity against M. oryzae. The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation, preventing its negative effect on rice immunity. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Bi
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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3
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Gaudet M, Pollegioni P, Ciolfi M, Mattioni C, Cherubini M, Beritognolo I. Identification of a Unique Genomic Region in Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) That Controls Resistance to Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1355. [PMID: 38794426 PMCID: PMC11125237 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) (Hymenoptera Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu) is a severe pest of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) with a strong impact on growth and nut production. A comparative field trial in Central Italy, including provenances from Spain, Italy, and Greece, was screened for ACGW infestation over consecutive years. The Greek provenance Hortiatis expressed a high proportion of immune plants and was used to perform a genome-wide association study based on DNA pool sequencing (Pool-GWAS) by comparing two DNA pools from 25 susceptible and 25 resistant plants. DNA pools were sequenced with 50X coverage depth. Sequence reads were aligned to a C. mollissima reference genome and the pools were compared to identify SNPs associated with resistance. Twenty-one significant SNPs were identified and highlighted a small genomic region on pseudochromosome 3 (Chr 3), containing 12 candidate genes of three gene families: Cytochrome P450, UDP-glycosyltransferase, and Rac-like GTP-binding protein. Functional analyses revealed a putative metabolic gene cluster related to saccharide biosynthesis in the genomic regions associated with resistance that could be involved in the production of a toxic metabolite against parasites. The comparison with previous genetic studies confirmed the involvement of Chr 3 in the control of resistance to ACGW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Gaudet
- CNR Istituto di Ricerca Sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri IRET, Via Guglielmo Marconi, 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy; (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Isacco Beritognolo
- CNR Istituto di Ricerca Sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri IRET, Via Guglielmo Marconi, 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy; (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
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4
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Naveed ZA, Jamil M, Asif N, Waqas M, Ajaz S, Khan SH. Cross-regulation of cytoskeleton and calcium signaling at plant-pathogen interface. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111100. [PMID: 38360248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
During plant-pathogen interactions, cytoskeleton and calcium signaling work independently as well as in coordination with each other for developing preformed and induced defense responses. A cell wall (CW) - plasma membrane (PM) - cytoskeleton (CS) continuum is maintained by coordination of cytoskeleton and calcium signaling. The current review is focused on the current knowledge of cytoskeleton‑calcium cross-regulation during plant-pathogen interactions. Implications of recent technological developments in the existing toolkit that can address the outstanding questions of cytoskeleton‑calcium coordination plant immunity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Afzal Naveed
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan; Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Jamil
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Asif
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ajaz
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Habibullah Khan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan; Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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5
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Ma QH. Lignin Biosynthesis and Its Diversified Roles in Disease Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:295. [PMID: 38540353 PMCID: PMC10969841 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is complex, three-dimensional biopolymer existing in plant cell wall. Lignin biosynthesis is increasingly highlighted because it is closely related to the wide applications in agriculture and industry productions, including in pulping process, forage digestibility, bio-fuel, and carbon sequestration. The functions of lignin in planta have also attracted more attentions recently, particularly in plant defense response against different pathogens. In this brief review, the progress in lignin biosynthesis is discussed, and the lignin's roles in disease resistance are thoroughly elucidated. This issue will help in developing broad-spectrum resistant crops in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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6
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Hernández-Lao T, Tienda-Parrilla M, Labella-Ortega M, Guerrero-Sánchez VM, Rey MD, Jorrín-Novo JV, Castillejo-Sánchez MÁ. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Quercus ilex-Phytophthora cinnamomi Pathosystem Reveals a Population-Specific Response, Independent of Co-Occurrence of Drought. Biomolecules 2024; 14:160. [PMID: 38397397 PMCID: PMC10887186 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is considered to be one of the major structural elements of Mediterranean forests and the agrosilvopastoral Spanish "dehesa", making it an outstanding example of ecological and socioeconomic sustainability in forest ecosystems. The exotic Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most aggressive pathogens of woody species and, together with drought, is considered to be one of the main drivers of holm oak decline. The effect of and response to P. cinnamomi inoculation were studied in the offspring of mother trees from two Andalusian populations, Cordoba and Huelva. At the two locations, acorns collected from both symptomatic (damaged) and asymptomatic (apparently healthy) trees were sampled. Damage symptoms, mortality, and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated in seedlings inoculated under humid and drought conditions. The effect and response depended on the population and were more apparent in Huelva than in Cordoba. An integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the involvement of different metabolic pathways in response to the pathogen in both populations, including amino acid metabolism pathways in Huelva, and terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Cordoba. However, no differential response was observed between seedlings inoculated under humid and drought conditions. A protective mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus was activated in response to defective photosynthetic activity in inoculated plants, which seemed to be more efficient in the Cordoba population. In addition, enzymes and metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways may have conferred higher resistance in the Cordoba population. Some enzymes are proposed as markers of resilience, among which glyoxalase I, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase are candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (T.H.-L.); (M.T.-P.); (M.L.-O.); (V.M.G.-S.); (M.-D.R.)
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo-Sánchez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (T.H.-L.); (M.T.-P.); (M.L.-O.); (V.M.G.-S.); (M.-D.R.)
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7
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García-Soto I, Formey D, Mora-Toledo A, Cárdenas L, Aragón W, Tromas A, Duque-Ortiz A, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Serrano M. AtRAC7/ROP9 Small GTPase Regulates A. thaliana Immune Systems in Response to B. cinerea Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:591. [PMID: 38203762 PMCID: PMC10779071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that can cause gray mold in over 1400 plant species. Once it is detected by Arabidopsis thaliana, several defense responses are activated against this fungus. The proper activation of these defenses determines plant susceptibility or resistance. It has been proposed that the RAC/ROP small GTPases might serve as a molecular link in this process. In this study, we investigate the potential role of the Arabidopsis RAC7 gene during infection with B. cinerea. For that, we evaluated A. thaliana RAC7-OX lines, characterized by the overexpression of the RAC7 gene. Our results reveal that these RAC7-OX lines displayed increased susceptibility to B. cinerea infection, with enhanced fungal colonization and earlier lesion development. Additionally, they exhibited heightened sensitivity to bacterial infections caused by Pseudomonas syringae and Pectobacterium brasiliense. By characterizing plant canonical defense mechanisms and performing transcriptomic profiling, we determined that RAC7-OX lines impaired the plant transcriptomic response before and during B. cinerea infection. Global pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes suggested that RAC7 influences pathogen perception, cell wall homeostasis, signal transduction, and biosynthesis and response to hormones and antimicrobial compounds through actin filament modulation. Herein, we pointed out, for first time, the negative role of RAC7 small GTPase during A. thaliana-B. cinerea interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette García-Soto
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Angélica Mora-Toledo
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino s/n, Tapachula 30798, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- La Cité College, Bureau de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1K 4R3, Canada;
| | - Arianna Duque-Ortiz
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.F.J.-B.)
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.F.J.-B.)
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
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8
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Ganotra J, Sharma B, Biswal B, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. Emerging role of small GTPases and their interactome in plants to combat abiotic and biotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1007-1029. [PMID: 36525153 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stress which causes major impediments in their growth and development. It is emerging that small guanosine triphosphatases (small GTPases), also known as monomeric GTP-binding proteins, assist plants in managing environmental stress. Small GTPases function as tightly regulated molecular switches that get activated with the aid of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and deactivated by the subsequent hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). All small GTPases except Rat sarcoma (Ras) are found in plants, including Ras-like in brain (Rab), Rho of plant (Rop), ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and Ras-like nuclear (Ran). The members of small GTPases in plants interact with several downstream effectors to counteract the negative effects of environmental stress and disease-causing pathogens. In this review, we describe processes of stress alleviation by developing pathways involving several small GTPases and their associated proteins which are important for neutralizing fungal infections, stomatal regulation, and activation of abiotic stress-tolerant genes in plants. Previous reviews on small GTPases in plants were primarily focused on Rab GTPases, abiotic stress, and membrane trafficking, whereas this review seeks to improve our understanding of the role of all small GTPases in plants as well as their interactome in regulating mechanisms to combat abiotic and biotic stress. This review brings to the attention of scientists recent research on small GTPases so that they can employ genome editing tools to precisely engineer economically important plants through the overexpression/knock-out/knock-in of stress-related small GTPase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Brijesh Biswal
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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9
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Ntefidou M, Eklund DM, Le Bail A, Schulmeister S, Scherbel F, Brandl L, Dörfler W, Eichstädt C, Bannmüller A, Ljung K, Kost B. Physcomitrium patens PpRIC, an ancestral CRIB-domain ROP effector, inhibits auxin-induced differentiation of apical initial cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112130. [PMID: 36790931 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RHO guanosine triphosphatases are important eukaryotic regulators of cell differentiation and behavior. Plant ROP (RHO of plant) family members activate specific, incompletely characterized downstream signaling. The structurally simple land plant Physcomitrium patens is missing homologs of key animal and flowering plant RHO effectors but contains a single CRIB (CDC42/RAC interactive binding)-domain-containing RIC (ROP-interacting CRIB-containing) protein (PpRIC). Protonemal P. patens filaments elongate based on regular division and PpROP-dependent tip growth of apical initial cells, which upon stimulation by the hormone auxin differentiate caulonemal characteristics. PpRIC interacts with active PpROP1, co-localizes with this protein at the plasma membrane at the tip of apical initial cells, and accumulates in the nucleus. Remarkably, PpRIC is not required for tip growth but is targeted to the nucleus to block caulonema differentiation downstream of auxin-controlled gene expression. These observations establish functions of PpRIC in mediating crosstalk between ROP and auxin signaling, which contributes to the maintenance of apical initial cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ntefidou
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Magnus Eklund
- Physiology and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aude Le Bail
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylwia Schulmeister
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Scherbel
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Brandl
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dörfler
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chantal Eichstädt
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Bannmüller
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Kost
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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10
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Jiang Y, Ding P. Calcium signaling in plant immunity: a spatiotemporally controlled symphony. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:74-89. [PMID: 36504136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have emphasized the crucial roles of Ca2+ in plant immunity. Here, we review the latest progress on the spatiotemporal control of Ca2+ function in plant immunity. We discuss discoveries of how Ca2+ influx is triggered upon the activation of immune receptors, how Ca2+-permeable channels are activated, how Ca2+ signals are decoded inside plant cells, and how these signals are switched off. Despite recent advances, many open questions remain and we highlight the existing toolkit and the new technologies to address the outstanding questions of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Pingtao Ding
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333, BE, The Netherlands.
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11
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Feiguelman G, Cui X, Sternberg H, Hur EB, Higa T, Oda Y, Fu Y, Yalovsky S. Microtubule-associated ROP interactors affect microtubule dynamics and modulate cell wall patterning and root hair growth. Development 2022; 149:279331. [PMID: 36314989 PMCID: PMC9845754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rho of plant (ROP) proteins and the interactor of constitutively active ROP (ICR) family member ICR5/MIDD1 have been implicated to function as signaling modules that regulate metaxylem secondary cell wall patterning. Yet, loss-of-function mutants of ICR5 and its closest homologs have not been studied and, hence, the functions of these ICR family members are not fully established. Here, we studied the functions of ICR2 and its homolog ICR5. We show that ICR2 is a microtubule-associated protein that affects microtubule dynamics. Secondary cell wall pits in the metaxylem of Arabidopsis icr2 and icr5 single mutants and icr2 icr5 double mutants are smaller than those in wild-type Col-0 seedlings; however, they are remarkably denser, implying a complex function of ICRs in secondary cell wall patterning. ICR5 has a unique function in protoxylem secondary cell wall patterning, whereas icr2, but not icr5, mutants develop split root hairs, demonstrating functional diversification. Taken together, our results show that ICR2 and ICR5 have unique and cooperative functions as microtubule-associated proteins and as ROP effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Feiguelman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Xiankui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hasana Sternberg
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eliran Ben Hur
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Takeshi Higa
- Department of Gene Phenomics and Function, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Gene Phenomics and Function, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel,Author for correspondence (; )
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12
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Identification of candidate genes associated with resistance against race 0 of Colletotrichum lentis in Lens ervoides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18447. [PMID: 36323877 PMCID: PMC9630317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anthracnose caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lentis was explored through transcriptome sequencing over a period of 24 to 96 h post-inoculation (hpi) of the partially resistant recombinant inbred lines (RIL) LR-66-528 and susceptible LR-66-524 of the crop wild relative Lens ervoides population LR-66. The development of infection vesicles and primary hyphae by C. lentis were significantly higher on susceptible RIL LR-66-524 compared to partially resistant LR-66-528 at 24 and 48 hpi, but exponential trends in fungal growth were observed between 24 to 96 hpi in both RILs. Comparison of inoculated with mock-inoculated samples revealed 3091 disease responsive genes, among which 477 were differentially expressed between the two RILs. These were clustered into six expression clusters with genes that had either high or low expression in one of the RILs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally annotated and included genes coding LRR and NB-ARC domain disease resistance proteins, protein detoxification, LRR receptor-like kinase family proteins, and wall-associated Ser/Thr Kinases. DEGs were compared to genes in previously published anthracnose resistance QTLs mapped in LR-66 and revealed 22 DEGs located in 3 QTLs. Expression of 21 DEGs was validated using RT-qPCR confirming expression trends in RNA-seq.
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13
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Arraes FBM, Vasquez DDN, Tahir M, Pinheiro DH, Faheem M, Freitas-Alves NS, Moreira-Pinto CE, Moreira VJV, Paes-de-Melo B, Lisei-de-Sa ME, Morgante CV, Mota APZ, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Togawa RC, Grynberg P, Fragoso RR, de Almeida-Engler J, Larsen MR, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Integrated Omic Approaches Reveal Molecular Mechanisms of Tolerance during Soybean and Meloidogyne incognita Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202744. [PMID: 36297768 PMCID: PMC9612212 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is a devastating soybean pathogen worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method to prevent economic losses caused by RKNs. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in resistance to RKN, we determined the proteome and transcriptome profiles from roots of susceptible (BRS133) and highly tolerant (PI 595099) Glycine max genotypes 4, 12, and 30 days after RKN infestation. After in silico analysis, we described major defense molecules and mechanisms considered constitutive responses to nematode infestation, such as mTOR, PI3K-Akt, relaxin, and thermogenesis. The integrated data allowed us to identify protein families and metabolic pathways exclusively regulated in tolerant soybean genotypes. Among them, we highlighted the phenylpropanoid pathway as an early, robust, and systemic defense process capable of controlling M. incognita reproduction. Associated with this metabolic pathway, 29 differentially expressed genes encoding 11 different enzymes were identified, mainly from the flavonoid and derivative pathways. Based on differential expression in transcriptomic and proteomic data, as well as in the expression profile by RT-qPCR, and previous studies, we selected and overexpressed the GmPR10 gene in transgenic tobacco to assess its protective effect against M. incognita. Transgenic plants of the T2 generation showed up to 58% reduction in the M. incognita reproduction factor. Finally, data suggest that GmPR10 overexpression can be effective against the plant parasitic nematode M. incognita, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. These findings will help develop new engineered soybean genotypes with higher performance in response to RKN infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio B M Arraes
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (PPGBCM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel D N Vasquez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology (PPGCGB), Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil
| | - Muhammed Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniele H Pinheiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Muhammed Faheem
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nayara S Freitas-Alves
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology (PPGEBB), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Clídia E Moreira-Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Valdeir J V Moreira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Biology (PPGBiomol), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes-de-Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria E Lisei-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company (EPAMIG), Uberaba 31170-495, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina 56302-970, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Isabela T Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Togawa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fragoso
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasilia 70770-901, DF, Brazil
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology (PPGCGB), Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil
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14
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Trutzenberg A, Engelhardt S, Weiß L, Hückelhoven R. Barley guanine nucleotide exchange factor HvGEF14 is an activator of the susceptibility factor HvRACB and supports host cell entry by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1524-1537. [PMID: 35849420 PMCID: PMC9452760 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In barley (Hordeum vulgare), signalling rat sarcoma homolog (RHO) of plants guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (ROP GTPases) support the penetration success of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei but little is known about ROP activation. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) facilitate the exchange of ROP-bound GDP for GTP and thereby turn ROPs into a signalling-activated ROP-GTP state. Plants possess a unique class of GEFs harbouring a plant-specific ROP nucleotide exchanger domain (PRONE). Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses and annotated barley PRONE-GEFs. The leaf epidermal-expressed PRONE-GEF HvGEF14 undergoes a transcriptional down-regulation on inoculation with B. graminis f. sp. hordei and directly interacts with the ROP GTPase and susceptibility factor HvRACB in yeast and in planta. Overexpression of activated HvRACB or of HvGEF14 led to the recruitment of ROP downstream interactor HvRIC171 to the cell periphery. HvGEF14 further supported direct interaction of HvRACB with a HvRACB-GTP-binding CRIB (Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding motif) domain-containing HvRIC171 truncation. Finally, the overexpression of HvGEF14 caused enhanced susceptibility to fungal entry, while HvGEF14 RNAi provoked a trend to more penetration resistance. HvGEF14 might therefore play a role in the activation of HvRACB in barley epidermal cells during fungal penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trutzenberg
- Chair of Phytopathology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Chair of Phytopathology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
| | - Lukas Weiß
- Chair of Phytopathology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
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15
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Comprehensive Analysis of Subcellular Localization, Immune Function and Role in Bacterial wilt Disease Resistance of Solanum lycopersicum Linn. ROP Family Small GTPases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179727. [PMID: 36077125 PMCID: PMC9456112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ROPs (Rho-like GTPases from plants) belong to the Rho-GTPase subfamily and serve as molecular switches for regulating diverse cellular events, including morphogenesis and stress responses. However, the immune functions of ROPs in Solanum lycopersicum Linn. (tomato) is still largely unclear. The tomato genome contains nine genes encoding ROP-type small GTPase family proteins (namely SlRop1–9) that fall into five distinct groups as revealed by phylogenetic tree. We studied the subcellular localization and immune response induction of nine SlRops by using a transient overexpression system in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. Except for SlRop1 and SlRop3, which are solely localized at the plasma membrane, most of the remaining ROPs have additional nuclear and/or cytoplasmic distributions. We also revealed that the number of basic residues in the polybasic region of ROPs tends to be correlated with their membrane accumulation. Though nine SlRops are highly conserved at the RHO (Ras Homology) domains, only seven constitutively active forms of SlRops were able to trigger hypersensitive responses. Furthermore, we analyzed the tissue-specific expression patterns of nine ROPs and found that the expression levels of SlRop3, 4 and 6 were generally high in different tissues. The expression levels of SlRop1, 2 and 7 significantly decreased in tomato seedlings after infection with Ralstonia solanacearum (E.F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. (GMI1000); the others did not respond. Infection assays among nine ROPs showed that SlRop3 and SlRop4 might be positive regulators of tomato bacterial wilt disease resistance, whereas the rest of the ROPs may not contribute to defense. Our study provides systematic evidence of tomato Rho-related small GTPases for localization, immune response, and disease resistance.
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16
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A Small Gtp-Binding Protein GhROP3 Interacts with GhGGB Protein and Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121580. [PMID: 35736735 PMCID: PMC9227279 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a plant-specific Rho-like small G protein, the ROP (Rho-related GTPase of plants) protein regulates the growth and development of plants and various stress responses in the form of molecular switches. Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits cotton yield and fiber quality. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was used to analyze the biological function of GhROP3 in cotton drought stress tolerance. Meanwhile, we used yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays to examine the interaction between GhROP3 and GhGGB. GhROP3 has a high expression level in cotton true leaves and roots, and responds to drought, high salt, cold, heat stress, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) treatments. Silencing GhROP3 improved the drought tolerance of cotton. The water loss rates (WLR) of detached leaves significantly reduced in silenced plants. Also, the relative water content (RWC) and total contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and proline (Pro) of leaves after drought stress and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) significantly increased, whereas the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly reduced. In the leaves of silenced plants, the expression of genes related to ABA synthesis and its related pathway was significantly upregulated, and the expression of decomposition-related GhCYP707A gene and genes related to IAA synthesis and its related pathways was significantly downregulated. It indicated that GhROP3 was a negative regulator of cotton response to drought by participating in the negative regulation of the ABA signaling pathway and the positive regulation of the IAA signaling pathway. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that the GhROP3 protein interacted with the GhGGB protein in vivo and in vitro. This study provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth investigation of the drought resistance–related molecular mechanism of the GhROP3 gene and the biological function of the GhGGB gene.
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17
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Wang Q, Li Y, Kosami KI, Liu C, Li J, Zhang D, Miki D, Kawano Y. Three highly conserved hydrophobic residues in the predicted α2-helix of rice NLR protein Pit contribute to its localization and immune induction. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1876-1890. [PMID: 35312080 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins work as crucial intracellular immune receptors. N-terminal domains of NLRs fall into two groups, coiled-coil (CC) and Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domains, which play critical roles in signal transduction and disease resistance. However, the activation mechanisms of NLRs, and how their N-termini function in immune induction, remain largely unknown. Here, we revealed that the CC domain of a rice NLR Pit contributes to self-association. The Pit CC domain possesses three conserved hydrophobic residues that are known to be involved in oligomer formation in two NLRs, barley MLA10 and Arabidopsis RPM1. Interestingly, the function of these residues in Pit differs from that in MLA10 and RPM1. Although three hydrophobic residues are important for Pit-induced disease resistance against rice blast fungus, they do not participate in self-association or binding to downstream signalling molecules. By homology modelling of Pit using the Arabidopsis ZAR1 structure, we tried to clarify the role of three conserved hydrophobic residues and found that they are located in the predicted α2-helix of the Pit CC domain and involved in the plasma membrane localization. Our findings provide novel insights for understanding the mechanisms of NLR activation as well as the relationship between subcellular localization and immune induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Kosami
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ehime, Japan
| | - Chaochao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daisuke Miki
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoji Kawano
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Fidler G, Szilágyi-Rácz AA, Dávid P, Tolnai E, Rejtő L, Szász R, Póliska S, Biró S, Paholcsek M. Circulating microRNA sequencing revealed miRNome patterns in hematology and oncology patients aiding the prognosis of invasive aspergillosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7144. [PMID: 35504997 PMCID: PMC9065123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) may occur as a serious complication of hematological malignancy. Delays in antifungal therapy can lead to an invasive disease resulting in high mortality. Currently, there are no well-established blood circulating microRNA biomarkers or laboratory tests which can be used to diagnose IA. Therefore, we aimed to define dysregulated miRNAs in hematology and oncology (HO) patients to identify biomarkers predisposing disease. We performed an in-depth analysis of high-throughput small transcriptome sequencing data obtained from the whole blood samples of our study cohort of 50 participants including 26 high-risk HO patients and 24 controls. By integrating in silico bioinformatic analyses of small noncoding RNA data, 57 miRNAs exhibiting significant expression differences (P < 0.05) were identified between IA-infected patients and non-IA HO patients. Among these, we found 36 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) irrespective of HO malignancy. Of the top ranked DEMs, we found 14 significantly deregulated miRNAs, whose expression levels were successfully quantified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA target prediction revealed the involvement of IA related miRNAs in the biological pathways of tumorigenesis, the cell cycle, the immune response, cell differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Fidler
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Anita Szilágyi-Rácz
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Dávid
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Tolnai
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Rejtő
- Department of Hematology, Jósa András Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szász
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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19
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Liu L, Zhao T, Lin K, Zou Y, Yan H, Zhan Y, Song J, Chang Y. Identification of a novel RhoA gene in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and its immune regulatory function via interacting with miR-2012-5p. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:572-582. [PMID: 35120936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RhoA (Ras homolog A) protein is a representative member of the Rho GTPase family and is involved in various cellular processes. The function of RhoA in sea cucumbers is unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that RhoA may regulate the innate immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. Our data showed that 1) the complete sequence of RhoA from A. japonicus (named AjRhoA) was 968 bp, with a high level sequence conservation across the echinoderms and other phyla; 2) tissue expression analysis showed that AjRhoA transcripts and protein exhibited higher abundance in coelomocytes, whereas the relative expression of miR-2012-5p was lower in coelomocytes; 3) interactive binding sites and a negative regulatory targeting relationship between AjRhoA and miR-2012-5p were confirmed through a dual-luciferase reporter assay and functional validation in vivo; 4) the relative expression levels of AjRhoA transcripts and protein were upregulated in coelomocytes 4- and 72-hour post infection (hpi) with Vibrio splendidus, whereas miR-2012-5p was expressed in the opposite pattern; 5) both AjRhoA silencing and miR-2012-5p overexpression suppressed the phagocytic capacity of A. japonicus compared with the control at 4 and 72 hpi. Our observations suggest that AjRhoA can regulate the pathogen-induced immune response of A. japonicus through the "AjRhoA-miR-2012-5p" module during the early infection, while miR-2012-5p plays a direct immunomodulatory role as the infection progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Tanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Kai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Hanyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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20
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Akamatsu A, Fujiwara M, Hamada S, Wakabayashi M, Yao A, Wang Q, Kosami KI, Dang TT, Kaneko-Kawano T, Fukada F, Shimamoto K, Kawano Y. The Small GTPase OsRac1 Forms Two Distinct Immune Receptor Complexes Containing the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1662-1675. [PMID: 34329461 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ two different types of immune receptors, cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), to cope with pathogen invasion. Both immune receptors often share similar downstream components and responses but it remains unknown whether a PRR and an NLR assemble into the same protein complex or two distinct receptor complexes. We have previously found that the small GTPase OsRac1 plays key roles in the signaling of OsCERK1, a PRR for fungal chitin, and of Pit, an NLR for rice blast fungus, and associates directly and indirectly with both of these immune receptors. In this study, using biochemical and bioimaging approaches, we revealed that OsRac1 formed two distinct receptor complexes with OsCERK1 and with Pit. Supporting this result, OsCERK1 and Pit utilized different transport systems for anchorage to the plasma membrane (PM). Activation of OsCERK1 and Pit led to OsRac1 activation and, concomitantly, OsRac1 shifted from a small to a large protein complex fraction. We also found that the chaperone Hsp90 contributed to the proper transport of Pit to the PM and the immune induction of Pit. These findings illuminate how the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit orchestrate rice immunity through the small GTPase OsRac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Department of Biosciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd, 1-32 Chayamachi, Kita Ward, Osaka 530-8311, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamada
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Megumi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Field Solutions North East Asia, Agronomic Operations Japan, Agronomic Technology Station East Japan, Bayer Crop Science K.K., 9511-4 Yuki, Ibaraki 307-0001, Japan
| | - Ai Yao
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Kosami
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, 1618 Shimoidaicho, Ehime 791-0112, Japan
| | - Thu Thi Dang
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé 49071, France
| | - Takako Kaneko-Kawano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1 Chome-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Fumi Fukada
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokachō, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
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Yu M, Zhou Z, Liu X, Yin D, Li D, Zhao X, Li X, Li S, Chen R, Lu L, Yang D, Tang D, Zhu L. The OsSPK1-OsRac1-RAI1 defense signaling pathway is shared by two distantly related NLR proteins in rice blast resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2852-2864. [PMID: 34597396 PMCID: PMC8644225 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance (R) proteins are important components of plant innate immunity. Most known R proteins are nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. Although a number of signaling components downstream of NLRs have been identified, we lack a general understanding of the signaling pathways. Here, we used the interaction between rice (Oryza sativa) and Magnaporthe oryzae to study signaling of rice NLRs in response to blast infection. We found that in blast resistance mediated by the NLR PIRICULARIA ORYZAE RESISTANCE IN DIGU 3 (PID3), the guanine nucleotide exchange factor OsSPK1 works downstream of PID3. OsSPK1 activates the small GTPase OsRac1, which in turn transduces the signal to the transcription factor RAC IMMUNITY1 (RAI1). Further investigation revealed that the three signaling components also play important roles in disease resistance mediated by the distantly related NLR protein Pi9, suggesting that the OsSPK1-OsRac1-RAI1 signaling pathway could be conserved across rice NLR-induced blast resistance. In addition, we observed changes in RAI1 levels during blast infection, which led to identification of OsRPT2a, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome. OsRPT2a seemed to be responsible for RAI1 turnover in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner. Collectively, our results suggest a defense signaling route that might be common to NLR proteins in response to blast infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350019, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dedong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350019, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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22
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Wang J, Han M, Liu Y. Diversity, structure and function of the coiled-coil domains of plant NLR immune receptors. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:283-296. [PMID: 33205883 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) perceive pathogen avirulence effectors and activate defense responses. Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors are classified into coiled-coil (CC)-containing and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-containing NLRs. Recent advances suggest that NLR CC domains often function in signaling activation, especially for induction of cell death. In this review, we outline our current understanding of NLR CC domains, including their diversity/classification and structure, their roles in cell death induction, disease resistance, and interaction with other proteins. Furthermore, we provide possible directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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23
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Deng Y, Ning Y, Yang DL, Zhai K, Wang GL, He Z. Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance and Perspectives on Breeding Strategies for Resistance Improvement in Crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1402-1419. [PMID: 32979566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases are major factors responsible for substantial yield losses worldwide, which affects global food security. The use of resistance (R) genes is an effective and sustainable approach to controlling crop diseases. Here, we review recent advances on R gene studies in the major crops and related wild species. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying R gene activation and signaling, and susceptibility (S) gene-mediated resistance in crops are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we propose some new strategies for R gene discovery, how to balance resistance and yield, and how to generate crops with broad-spectrum disease resistance. With the rapid development of new genome-editing technologies and the availability of increasing crop genome sequences, the goal of breeding next-generation crops with durable resistance to pathogens is achievable, and will be a key step toward increasing crop production in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Keran Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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24
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Na R, Yang S, Tian Z, Zhao Y, Zhao J. StRac1 plays an important role in potato resistance against Phytophthora infestans via regulating H 2O 2 production. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153249. [PMID: 32829122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ROP GTPases (Rho-related GTPases from plant), a unique subgroup of the Rho family in plants, is a group of key regulators of different signaling pathways controlling plant growth and development, cell polarity and differentiation, and plant response against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study determined the potential regulatory mechanism of potato ROP GTPase (StRac1) against Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) infection. Protein secondary structure analysis indicated that StRAC1 is a Rho GTPase. The expression level of StRac1 was variable in different tissues of potato, with the highest expression in young leaves of both Shepody and Hutou potato varieties. After challenging with P. infestans, the expression level of StRac1was higher in resistance varieties Zihuabai and Longshu 7 than in susceptible varieties Shepody and Desiree. StRAC1 fusion with GFP subcellularly localized at the plasma membrane (PM) in tobacco epidermal cells. The potato with transient or stable over-expression of CA-StRac1 (constitutively active form of StRac1)exhibited a dramatic enhancement of its resistance against P. infestans infections. The increased resistance level in transgenic potato was accompanied with elevated H2O2 levels. Importantly, silencing StRac1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in potato resulted in higher susceptibility to P. infestans infection than in control plants. In summary, our data reveal that StRac1 regulates potato resistance against P. infestans via positively modulating the accumulation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019 China.
| | - Xiaoluo Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019 China.
| | - Ren Na
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China.
| | - Shuqing Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019 China.
| | - Zaimin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019 China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institutes of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101 China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019 China.
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25
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Engelhardt S, Trutzenberg A, Hückelhoven R. Regulation and Functions of ROP GTPases in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:E2016. [PMID: 32887298 PMCID: PMC7565977 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho proteins of plants (ROPs) form a specific clade of Rho GTPases, which are involved in either plant immunity or susceptibility to diseases. They are intensively studied in grass host plants, in which ROPs are signaling hubs downstream of both cell surface immune receptor kinases and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors, which activate major branches of plant immune signaling. Additionally, invasive fungal pathogens may co-opt the function of ROPs for manipulation of the cytoskeleton, cell invasion and host cell developmental reprogramming, which promote pathogenic colonization. Strikingly, mammalian bacterial pathogens also initiate both effector-triggered susceptibility for cell invasion and effector-triggered immunity via Rho GTPases. In this review, we summarize central concepts of Rho signaling in disease and immunity of plants and briefly compare them to important findings in the mammalian research field. We focus on Rho activation, downstream signaling and cellular reorganization under control of Rho proteins involved in disease progression and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.E.); (A.T.)
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26
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhuang R, Wei Z, Shu W, Wang X, Kang Z. TaRac6 Is a Potential Susceptibility Factor by Regulating the ROS Burst Negatively in the Wheat- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:716. [PMID: 32695124 PMCID: PMC7338558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rac/Rop proteins play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and plant defense responses. However, the function of Rac/Rop proteins in wheat remains largely unknown. In this study, a small G protein gene, designated as TaRac6, was characterized from wheat (Triticum aestivum) in response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and was found to be highly homologous to the Rac proteins identified in other plant species. Transient expression analyses of the TaRac6-GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that TaRac6 was localized in the whole cell. Furthermore, transient expression of TaRac6 inhibited Bax-triggered plant cell death (PCD) in N. benthamiana. Transcript accumulation of TaRac6 was increased at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) in the compatible interaction between wheat and Pst, while it was not induced in an incompatible interaction. More importantly, silencing of TaRac6 by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) enhanced the resistance of wheat (Suwon 11) to Pst (CYR31) by producing fewer uredinia. Histological observations revealed that the hypha growth of Pst was markedly inhibited along with more H2O2 generated in the TaRac6-silenced leaves in response to Pst. Moreover, transcript levels of TaCAT were significantly down-regulated, while those of TaSOD and TaNOX were significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that TaRac6 functions as a potential susceptibility factor, which negatively regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in the wheat-Pst interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zetong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weixue Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Hoefle C, McCollum C, Hückelhoven R. Barley ROP-Interactive Partner-a organizes into RAC1- and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED ROP-GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1-dependent membrane domains. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:94. [PMID: 32122296 PMCID: PMC7053138 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small ROP (also called RAC) GTPases are key factors in polar cell development and in interaction with the environment. ROP-Interactive Partner (RIP) proteins are predicted scaffold or ROP-effector proteins, which function downstream of activated GTP-loaded ROP proteins in establishing membrane heterogeneity and cellular organization. Grass ROP proteins function in cell polarity, resistance and susceptibility to fungal pathogens but grass RIP proteins are little understood. RESULTS We found that the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) RIPa protein can interact with barley ROPs in yeast. Fluorescent-tagged RIPa, when co-expressed with the constitutively activated ROP protein CA RAC1, accumulates at the cell periphery or plasma membrane. Additionally, RIPa, locates into membrane domains, which are laterally restricted by microtubules when co-expressed with RAC1 and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED ROP-GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1. Both structural integrity of MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED ROP-GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1 and microtubule stability are key to maintenance of RIPa-labeled membrane domains. In this context, RIPa also accumulates at the interface of barley and invading hyphae of the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that barley RIPa interacts with barley ROPs and specifies RAC1 activity-associated membrane domains with potential signaling capacity. Lateral diffusion of this RAC1 signaling capacity is spatially restricted and the resulting membrane heterogeneity requires intact microtubules and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED ROP-GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1. Focal accumulation of RIPa at sites of fungal attack may indicate locally restricted ROP activity at sites of fungal invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hoefle
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil Ramann Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christopher McCollum
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil Ramann Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil Ramann Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Anupama A, Bhugra S, Lall B, Chaudhury S, Chugh A. Morphological, transcriptomic and proteomic responses of contrasting rice genotypes towards drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 166:103795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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29
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Zhou Z, Pang Z, Zhao S, Zhang L, Lv Q, Yin D, Li D, Liu X, Zhao X, Li X, Wang W, Zhu L. Importance of OsRac1 and RAI1 in signalling of nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-mediated resistance to rice blast disease. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:828-838. [PMID: 30919975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants depend on Resistance (R) genes, most of which encode nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, for pathogen race-specific disease resistance. However, only a few immediate downstream targets of R proteins have been characterized, and the signalling pathways for R-protein-induced immunity are largely unknown. In rice (Oryza sativa), NLR proteins serve as important immune receptors in the response to rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We used site-directed mutagenesis to create an autoactive form of the NLR protein PID3 that confers blast resistance and used transgenic rice to test the resulting immunity and gene expression changes. We identified OsRac1, a known GTPase, as a signalling molecule in PID3-mediated blast resistance, implicating OsRac1 as a possible common factor downstream of rice NLR proteins. We also identified RAI1, a transcriptional activator, as a PID3 interactor required for PID3-mediated blast resistance and showed that RAI1 expression is induced by PID3 via a process mediated by OsRac1. This study describes a new signalling pathway for NLR protein-mediated blast resistance and shows that OsRac1 and RAI1 act together to play a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiqian Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shengli Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiming Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dedong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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30
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Şahin-Çevik M, Sivri ED, Çevik B. Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Induced in Response to Tomato chlorosis virus Infection in Tomato. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:257-273. [PMID: 31244571 PMCID: PMC6586192 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2018.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown and economically important vegetable crops in the world. Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the recently emerged viruses of tomato distributed worldwide. ToCV-tomato interaction was investigated at the molecular level for determining changes in the expression of tomato genes in response to ToCV infection in this study. A cDNA library enriched with genes induced in response to ToCV infection were constructed and 240 cDNAs were sequenced from this library. The macroarray analysis of 108 cDNAs revealed that the expression of 92 non-redundant tomato genes was induced by 1.5-fold or greater in response to ToCV infection. The majority of ToCV-induced genes identified in this study were associated with a variety of cellular functions including transcription, defense and defense signaling, metabolism, energy, transport facilitation, protein synthesis and fate and cellular biogenesis. Twenty ToCV-induced genes from different functional groups were selected and induction of 19 of these genes in response to ToCV infection was validated by RT-qPCR assay. Finally, the expression of 6 selected genes was analyzed in different stages of ToCV infection from 0 to 45 dpi. While the expression of three of these genes was only induced by ToCV infection, others were induced both by ToCV infection and wounding. The result showed that ToCV induced the basic defense response and activated the defense signaling in tomato plants at different stages of the infection. Functions of these defense related genes and their potential roles in disease development and resistance to ToCV are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Şahin-Çevik
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 32260 Isparta,
Turkey
- Corresponding author: Phone) +902462118544, FAX) +902462114885, E-mail)
| | - Emine Doguş Sivri
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 32260 Isparta,
Turkey
| | - Bayram Çevik
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Plant Protection, 32260 Isparta,
Turkey
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31
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Han Y, Song L, Peng C, Liu X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhou J, Wang S, Ebbole D, Wang Z, Lu GD. A Magnaporthe Chitinase Interacts with a Rice Jacalin-Related Lectin to Promote Host Colonization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1416-1430. [PMID: 30696749 PMCID: PMC6446787 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The genome of rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) encodes 15 glycoside hydrolase 18 family chitinases. In this study, we characterized the function of an M. oryzae extracellular chitinase, MoChi1, and its interaction with a host protein, OsMBL1, a jacalin-related Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) in rice (Oryza sativa). Deletion of MoChi1 resulted in reduced aerial hyphal formation and reduced virulence in rice by activating the expression of defense-responsive genes. We confirmed MoChi1 interaction with rice OsMBL1 in vitro and in vivo. OsMBL1 was induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and M. oryzae infection. Overexpression of OsMBL1 led to activation of rice defense-responsive genes and a chitin-induced reactive oxygen species burst, thereby enhancing resistance to M. oryzae Knockdown of OsMBL1 enhances susceptibility of rice plants to M. oryzae Furthermore, MoChi1 suppressed chitin-induced reactive oxygen species in rice cells and competed with OsMBL1 for chitin binding. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism in which MoChi1 targets a host lectin to suppress rice immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Linlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changlin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenzong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Daniel Ebbole
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2132
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Tezuka D, Kawamata A, Kato H, Saburi W, Mori H, Imai R. The rice ethylene response factor OsERF83 positively regulates disease resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:263-271. [PMID: 30590260 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a novel ethylene response factor (ERF) gene, OsERF83, which was expressed in rice leaves in response to rice blast fungus infection. OsERF83 expression was also induced by treatments with methyl jasmonate, ethephon, and salicylic acid, indicating that multiple phytohormones could be involved in the regulation of OsERF83 expression under biotic stress. Subcellular localization and transactivation analyses demonstrated that OsERF83 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator. A gel-shift assay using recombinant OsERF83 protein indicated that, like other ERFs, it binds to the GCC box. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsERF83 exhibited significantly suppressed lesion formation after rice blast infection, indicating that OsERF83 positively regulates disease resistance in rice. Genes encoding several classes of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, including PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, and PR10, were upregulated in the OsERF83ox plants. Taken together, our findings show that OsERF83 is a novel ERF transcription factor that confers blast resistance by regulating the expression of defense-related genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tezuka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Aya Kawamata
- School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hideki Kato
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryozo Imai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan.
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Resistance protein Pit interacts with the GEF OsSPK1 to activate OsRac1 and trigger rice immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11551-E11560. [PMID: 30446614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813058115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance (R) genes encode intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) family proteins that serve as critical plant immune receptors to induce effector-triggered immunity (ETI). NLR proteins possess a tripartite domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal variable region, a central nucleotide-binding domain, and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat. N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) or Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domains of R proteins appear to serve as platforms to trigger immune responses, because overexpression of the CC or TIR domain of some R proteins is sufficient to induce an immune response. Because direct downstream signaling molecules of R proteins remain obscure, the molecular mechanisms by which R proteins regulate downstream signaling are largely unknown. We reported previously that a rice R protein named Pit triggers ETI through a small GTPase, OsRac1, although how Pit activates OsRac1 is unclear. Here, we identified OsSPK1, a DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factor, as an interactor of Pit and activator for OsRac1. OsSPK1 contributes to signaling by two disease-resistance genes, Pit and Pia, against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and facilitates OsRac1 activation in vitro and in vivo. The CC domain of Pit is required for its binding to OsSPK1, OsRac1 activation, and the induction of cell death. Overall, we conclude that OsSPK1 is a direct and key signaling target of Pit-mediated immunity. Our results shed light on how R proteins trigger ETI through direct downstream molecules.
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He Q, Naqvi S, McLellan H, Boevink PC, Champouret N, Hein I, Birch PRJ. Plant pathogen effector utilizes host susceptibility factor NRL1 to degrade the immune regulator SWAP70. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7834-E7843. [PMID: 30049706 PMCID: PMC6099861 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808585115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens deliver effectors into plant cells to suppress immunity. Whereas many effectors inactivate positive immune regulators, other effectors associate with negative regulators of immunity: so-called susceptibility (S) factors. Little is known about how pathogens exploit S factors to suppress immunity. Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 interacts with host protein NRL1, which is an S factor whose activity suppresses INF1-triggered cell death (ICD) and is required for late blight disease. We show that NRL1 interacts in yeast and in planta with a guanine nucleotide exchange factor called SWAP70. SWAP70 associates with endosomes and is a positive regulator of immunity. Virus-induced gene silencing of SWAP70 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhances P. infestans colonization and compromises ICD. In contrast, transient overexpression of SWAP70 reduces P. infestans infection and accelerates ICD. Expression of Pi02860 and NRL1, singly or in combination, results in proteasome-mediated degradation of SWAP70. Degradation of SWAP70 is prevented by silencing NRL1, or by mutation of Pi02860 to abolish its interaction with NRL1. NRL1 is a BTB-domain protein predicted to form the substrate adaptor component of a CULLIN3 ubiquitin E3 ligase. A dimerization-deficient mutant, NRL1NQ, fails to interact with SWAP70 but maintains its interaction with Pi02860. NRL1NQ acts as a dominant-negative mutant, preventing SWAP70 degradation in the presence of effector Pi02860, and reducing P. infestans infection. Critically, Pi02860 enhances the association between NRL1 and SWAP70 to promote proteasome-mediated degradation of the latter and, thus, suppress immunity. Preventing degradation of SWAP70 represents a strategy to combat late blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Division of Plant Science, James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Shaista Naqvi
- Division of Plant Science, James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Science, James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C Boevink
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ingo Hein
- Division of Plant Science, James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R J Birch
- Division of Plant Science, James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom;
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom
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35
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Matamoros MA, Kim A, Peñuelas M, Ihling C, Griesser E, Hoffmann R, Fedorova M, Frolov A, Becana M. Protein Carbonylation and Glycation in Legume Nodules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1510-1528. [PMID: 29970413 PMCID: PMC6084676 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an agronomically and environmentally important process catalyzed by bacterial nitrogenase within legume root nodules. These unique symbiotic organs have high metabolic rates and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species that may modify proteins irreversibly. Here, we examined two types of oxidative posttranslational modifications of nodule proteins: carbonylation, which occurs by direct oxidation of certain amino acids or by interaction with reactive aldehydes arising from cell membrane lipid peroxides; and glycation, which results from the reaction of lysine and arginine residues with reducing sugars or their autooxidation products. We used a strategy based on the enrichment of carbonylated peptides by affinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify 369 oxidized proteins in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules. Of these, 238 corresponded to plant proteins and 131 to bacterial proteins. Lipid peroxidation products induced most carbonylation sites. This study also revealed that carbonylation has major effects on two key nodule proteins. Metal-catalyzed oxidation caused the inactivation of malate dehydrogenase and the aggregation of leghemoglobin. In addition, numerous glycated proteins were identified in vivo, including three key nodule proteins: sucrose synthase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Label-free quantification identified 10 plant proteins and 18 bacterial proteins as age-specifically glycated. Overall, our results suggest that the selective carbonylation or glycation of crucial proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and signaling may constitute a mechanism to control cell metabolism and nodule senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - María Peñuelas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Griesser
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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36
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Matamoros MA, Kim A, Peñuelas M, Ihling C, Griesser E, Hoffmann R, Fedorova M, Frolov A, Becana M. Protein Carbonylation and Glycation in Legume Nodules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1510-1528. [PMID: 29970413 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18/00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an agronomically and environmentally important process catalyzed by bacterial nitrogenase within legume root nodules. These unique symbiotic organs have high metabolic rates and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species that may modify proteins irreversibly. Here, we examined two types of oxidative posttranslational modifications of nodule proteins: carbonylation, which occurs by direct oxidation of certain amino acids or by interaction with reactive aldehydes arising from cell membrane lipid peroxides; and glycation, which results from the reaction of lysine and arginine residues with reducing sugars or their autooxidation products. We used a strategy based on the enrichment of carbonylated peptides by affinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify 369 oxidized proteins in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules. Of these, 238 corresponded to plant proteins and 131 to bacterial proteins. Lipid peroxidation products induced most carbonylation sites. This study also revealed that carbonylation has major effects on two key nodule proteins. Metal-catalyzed oxidation caused the inactivation of malate dehydrogenase and the aggregation of leghemoglobin. In addition, numerous glycated proteins were identified in vivo, including three key nodule proteins: sucrose synthase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Label-free quantification identified 10 plant proteins and 18 bacterial proteins as age-specifically glycated. Overall, our results suggest that the selective carbonylation or glycation of crucial proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and signaling may constitute a mechanism to control cell metabolism and nodule senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - María Peñuelas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Griesser
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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37
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Nottensteiner M, Zechmann B, McCollum C, Hückelhoven R. A barley powdery mildew fungus non-autonomous retrotransposon encodes a peptide that supports penetration success on barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3745-3758. [PMID: 29757394 PMCID: PMC6022598 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens overcome plant immunity by means of secreted effectors. Host effector targets often act in pathogen defense, but might also support fungal accommodation or nutrition. The barley ROP GTPase HvRACB is involved in accommodation of fungal haustoria of the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) in barley epidermal cells. We found that HvRACB interacts with the ROP-interactive peptide 1 (ROPIP1) that is encoded on the active non-long terminal repeat retroelement Eg-R1 of Bgh. Overexpression of ROPIP1 in barley epidermal cells and host-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (HIGS) of ROPIP1 suggested that ROPIP1 is involved in virulence of Bgh. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-localization supported that ROPIP1 can interact with activated HvRACB in planta. We show that ROPIP1 is expressed by Bgh on barley and translocated into the cytoplasm of infected barley cells. ROPIP1 is recruited to microtubules upon co-expression of MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN (HvMAGAP1) and can destabilize cortical microtubules. The data suggest that Bgh ROPIP targets HvRACB and manipulates host cell microtubule organization for facilitated host cell entry. This points to a possible neo-functionalization of retroelement-derived transcripts for the evolution of a pathogen virulence effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Nottensteiner
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christopher McCollum
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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38
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Ma X, Keller B, McDonald BA, Palma-Guerrero J, Wicker T. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals How Wheat Responds to Infection by Zymoseptoria tritici. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:420-431. [PMID: 29090630 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-17-0245-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Zymoseptoria tritici causes septoria tritici blotch (STB) on wheat, an important disease globally and the most damaging wheat disease in Europe. Despite the global significance of STB, the molecular basis of wheat defense against Z. tritici is poorly understood. Here, we use a comparative transcriptomic study to investigate how wheat responds to infection by four distinct strains of Z. tritici. We examined the response of wheat across the entire infection cycle, identifying both shared responses to the four strains and strain-specific responses. We found that the early asymptomatic phase is characterized by strong upregulation of genes encoding receptor-like kinases and pathogenesis-related proteins, indicating the onset of a defense response. We also identified genes that were differentially expressed among the four fungal strains, including genes related to defense. Genes involved in senescence were induced during both the asymptomatic phase and at late stages of infection, suggesting manipulation of senescence processes by both the plant and the pathogen. Our findings illustrate the need, when identifying important genes affecting disease resistance in plants, to include multiple pathogen strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- 1 Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; and
- 2 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Beat Keller
- 2 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Bruce A McDonald
- 1 Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Javier Palma-Guerrero
- 1 Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Thomas Wicker
- 2 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
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Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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40
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Schnepf V, Vlot AC, Kugler K, Hückelhoven R. Barley susceptibility factor RACB modulates transcript levels of signalling protein genes in compatible interaction with Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:393-404. [PMID: 28026097 PMCID: PMC6638053 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
RHO (rat sarcoma homologue) GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) are regulators of downstream transcriptional responses of eukaryotes to intracellular and extracellular stimuli. For plants, little is known about the function of Rho-like GTPases [called RACs (rat sarcoma-related C botulinum substrate) or ROPs (RHO of plants)] in transcriptional reprogramming of cells. However, in plant hormone response and innate immunity, RAC/ROP proteins influence gene expression patterns. The barley RAC/ROP RACB is required for full susceptibility of barley to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). We compared the transcriptomes of barley plants either silenced for RACB or over-expressing constitutively activated RACB with and without inoculation with Bgh. This revealed a large overlap of the barley transcriptome during the early response to Bgh and during the over-expression of constitutively activated RACB. Global pathway analyses and stringent analyses of differentially expressed genes suggested that RACB influences, amongst others, the expression of signalling receptor kinases. Transient induced gene silencing of RACB-regulated signalling genes (a leucine-rich repeat protein, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase and an S-domain SD1-receptor-like kinase) suggested that they might be involved in RACB-modulated susceptibility to powdery mildew. We discuss the function of RACB in regulating the transcriptional responses of susceptible barley to Bgh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schnepf
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichFreisingD‐85354Germany
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental SciencesInstitute of Biochemical Plant PathologyNeuherbergD‐85764Germany
| | - Karl Kugler
- Helmholtz Zentrum MuenchenPlant Genome and Systems BiologyNeuherbergD‐85764Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichFreisingD‐85354Germany
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Feiguelman G, Fu Y, Yalovsky S. ROP GTPases Structure-Function and Signaling Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:57-79. [PMID: 29150557 PMCID: PMC5761820 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between receptor like kinases and guanyl nucleotide exchange factors together with identification of effector proteins reveal putative ROP GTPases signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Feiguelman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Wong HL, Akamatsu A, Wang Q, Higuchi M, Matsuda T, Okuda J, Kosami KI, Inada N, Kawasaki T, Kaneko-Kawano T, Nagawa S, Tan L, Kawano Y, Shimamoto K. In vivo monitoring of plant small GTPase activation using a Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:56. [PMID: 30002723 PMCID: PMC6035793 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small GTPases act as molecular switches that regulate various plant responses such as disease resistance, pollen tube growth, root hair development, cell wall patterning and hormone responses. Thus, to monitor their activation status within plant cells is believed to be the key step in understanding their roles. RESULTS We have established a plant version of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe called Ras and interacting protein chimeric unit (Raichu) that can successfully monitor activation of the rice small GTPase OsRac1 during various defence responses in cells. Here, we describe the protocol for visualizing spatiotemporal activity of plant Rac/ROP GTPase in living plant cells, transfection of rice protoplasts with Raichu-OsRac1 and acquisition of FRET images. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol should be adaptable for monitoring activation for other plant small GTPases and protein-protein interactions for other FRET sensors in various plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann Ling Wong
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Present Address: Department of Biological Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak Malaysia
| | - Akira Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Present Address: Department of Bioscience, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Qiong Wang
- Present Address: Signal Transduction and Immunity Group, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai, 201602 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Masayuki Higuchi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tomonori Matsuda
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Jun Okuda
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kosami
- Present Address: Signal Transduction and Immunity Group, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai, 201602 China
| | - Noriko Inada
- College of Life, Environment, and Advanced, Osaka Prefecture University Sciences, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Present Address: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
| | | | - Shingo Nagawa
- Core Facility of Cell Biology, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai, 201602 China
- Present Address: FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Li Tan
- Core Facility of Cell Biology, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai, 201602 China
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Present Address: Signal Transduction and Immunity Group, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai, 201602 China
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813 Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
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Molecular Mechanisms for Microbe Recognition and Defense by the Red Seaweed Laurencia dendroidea. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00094-17. [PMID: 29242829 PMCID: PMC5717322 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00094-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria are part of the healthy microbiota associated with seaweeds, but some species, such as Vibrio spp., are frequently associated with disease outbreaks, especially in economically valuable cultures. In this context, the ability of seaweeds to recognize microbes and, when necessary, activate defense mechanisms is essential for their survival. However, studies dedicated to understanding the molecular components of the immune response in seaweeds are rare and restricted to indirect stimulus. This work provides an unprecedentedly large-scale evaluation of the transcriptional changes involved in microbe recognition, cellular signaling, and defense in the red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea in response to the marine bacterium Vibrio madracius. By expanding knowledge about seaweed-bacterium interactions and about the integrated defensive system in seaweeds, this work offers the basis for the development of tools to increase the resistance of cultured seaweeds to bacterial infections. The ability to recognize and respond to the presence of microbes is an essential strategy for seaweeds to survive in the marine environment, but understanding of molecular seaweed-microbe interactions is limited. Laurencia dendroidea clones were inoculated with the marine bacterium Vibrio madracius. The seaweed RNA was sequenced, providing an unprecedentedly high coverage of the transcriptome of Laurencia, and the gene expression levels were compared between control and inoculated samples after 24, 48, and 72 h. Transcriptomic changes in L. dendroidea in the presence of V. madracius include the upregulation of genes that participate in signaling pathways described here for the first time as a response of seaweeds to microbes. Genes coding for defense-related transcription activators, reactive oxygen species metabolism, terpene biosynthesis, and energy conversion pathways were upregulated in inoculated samples of L. dendroidea, indicating an integrated defensive system in seaweeds. This report contributes significantly to the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in the highly dynamic seaweed-bacterium interactions. IMPORTANCE Marine bacteria are part of the healthy microbiota associated with seaweeds, but some species, such as Vibrio spp., are frequently associated with disease outbreaks, especially in economically valuable cultures. In this context, the ability of seaweeds to recognize microbes and, when necessary, activate defense mechanisms is essential for their survival. However, studies dedicated to understanding the molecular components of the immune response in seaweeds are rare and restricted to indirect stimulus. This work provides an unprecedentedly large-scale evaluation of the transcriptional changes involved in microbe recognition, cellular signaling, and defense in the red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea in response to the marine bacterium Vibrio madracius. By expanding knowledge about seaweed-bacterium interactions and about the integrated defensive system in seaweeds, this work offers the basis for the development of tools to increase the resistance of cultured seaweeds to bacterial infections.
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The small GTPase, nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 (NOG1), has a novel role in plant innate immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9260. [PMID: 28835689 PMCID: PMC5569028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense responses at stomata and apoplast are the most important early events during plant-bacteria interactions. The key components for the signaling of stomatal defense and nonhost resistance have not been fully characterized. Here we report the newly identified small GTPase, Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 (NOG1), functions for plant immunity against bacterial pathogens. Virus-induced gene silencing of NOG1 compromised nonhost resistance in N. benthamiana and tomato. Comparative genomic analysis showed that two NOG1 copies are present in all known plant species: NOG1-1 and NOG1-2. Gene downregulation and overexpression studies of NOG1-1 and NOG1-2 in Arabidopsis revealed the novel function of these genes in nonhost resistance and stomatal defense against bacterial pathogens, respectively. Specially, NOG1-2 regulates guard cell signaling in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli through jasmonic acid (JA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated pathways. The results here provide valuable information on the new functional role of small GTPase, NOG1, in guard cell signaling and early plant defense in response to bacterial pathogens.
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Keestra-Gounder AM, Tsolis RM. NOD1 and NOD2: Beyond Peptidoglycan Sensing. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:758-767. [PMID: 28823510 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system with well-established roles in sensing fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan. In addition to their role as microbial sensors, recent evidence indicates that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) can also recognize a broader array of danger signals. Indeed, recent work has expanded the roles of NOD1 and NOD2 to encompass not only sensing of infections with viruses and parasites but also perceiving perturbations of cellular processes such as regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. This review will comment on recent progress and point out emerging questions in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée M Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA USA.
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46
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Li C, Lu H, Li W, Yuan M, Fu Y. A ROP2-RIC1 pathway fine-tunes microtubule reorganization for salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1127-1142. [PMID: 28070891 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reorganization of microtubules induced by salt stress is required for Arabidopsis survival under high salinity conditions. RIC1 is an effector of Rho-related GTPase from plants (ROPs) and a known microtubule-associated protein. In this study, we demonstrated that RIC1 expression decreased with long-term NaCl treatment, and ric1-1 seedlings exhibited a higher survival rate under salt stress. We found that RIC1 reduced the frequency of microtubule transition from shortening to growing status and knockout of RIC1 improved the reassembly of depolymerized microtubules caused by either oryzalin treatment or salt stress. Further investigation showed that constitutively active ROP2 promoted the reassembly of microtubules and the survival of seedlings under salt stress. A rop2-1 ric1-1 double mutant rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of rop2-1, indicating that ROP2 functions in salt tolerance through RIC1. Although ROP2 did not regulate RIC1 expression upon salt stress, a quick but mild increase of ROP2 activity was induced, led to reduction of RIC1 on microtubules. Collectively, our study reveals an ROP2-RIC1 pathway that fine-tunes microtubule dynamics in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. This finding not only reveals a new regulatory mechanism for microtubule reorganization under salt stress but also the importance of ROP signalling for salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hanmei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Bygdell J, Srivastava V, Obudulu O, Srivastava MK, Nilsson R, Sundberg B, Trygg J, Mellerowicz EJ, Wingsle G. Protein expression in tension wood formation monitored at high tissue resolution in Populus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3405-3417. [PMID: 28633298 PMCID: PMC5853651 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tension wood (TW) is a specialized tissue with contractile properties that is formed by the vascular cambium in response to gravitational stimuli. We quantitatively analysed the proteomes of Populus tremula cambium and its xylem cell derivatives in stems forming normal wood (NW) and TW to reveal the mechanisms underlying TW formation. Phloem-, cambium-, and wood-forming tissues were sampled by tangential cryosectioning and pooled into nine independent samples. The proteomes of TW and NW samples were similar in the phloem and cambium samples, but diverged early during xylogenesis, demonstrating that reprogramming is an integral part of TW formation. For example, 14-3-3, reactive oxygen species, ribosomal and ATPase complex proteins were found to be up-regulated at early stages of xylem differentiation during TW formation. At later stages of xylem differentiation, proteins involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of rhamnogalacturonan-I, rhamnogalacturonan-II, arabinogalactan-II and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins were up-regulated in TW. Surprisingly, two isoforms of exostosin family proteins with putative xylan xylosyl transferase function and several lignin biosynthesis proteins were also up-regulated, even though xylan and lignin are known to be less abundant in TW than in NW. These data provided new insight into the processes behind TW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Bygdell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Computational life science cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ogonna Obudulu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manoj K Srivastava
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Robert Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Sundberg
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Computational life science cluster (CLiC), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Morino K, Kimizu M, Fujiwara M. Disulfide proteomics of rice cultured cells in response to OsRacl and probenazole-related immune signaling pathway in rice. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:6. [PMID: 28413359 PMCID: PMC5390479 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an early event in the immune response of plants. ROS production affects the redox-based modification of cysteine residues in redox proteins, which contribute to protein functions such as enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, oligomerization, and intracellular localization. Thus, the sensitivity of cysteine residues to changes in the cellular redox status is critical to the immune response of plants. METHODS We used disulfide proteomics to identify immune response-related redox proteins. Total protein was extracted from rice cultured cells expressing constitutively active or dominant-negative OsRacl, which is a key regulator of the immune response in rice, and from rice cultured cells that were treated with probenazole, which is an activator of the plant immune response, in the presence of the thiol group-specific fluorescent probe monobromobimane (mBBr), which was a tag for reduced proteins in a differential display two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The mBBr fluorescence was detected by using a charge-coupled device system, and total protein spots were detected using Coomassie brilliant blue staining. Both of the protein spots were analyzed by gel image software and identified using MS spectrometry. The possible disulfide bonds were identified using the disulfide bond prediction software. Subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis were performed in one of the identified proteins: Oryza sativa cold shock protein 2 (OsCSP2). RESULTS We identified seven proteins carrying potential redox-sensitive cysteine residues. Two proteins of them were oxidized in cultured cells expressing DN-OsRac1, which indicates that these two proteins would be inactivated through the inhibition of OsRac1 signaling pathway. One of the two oxidized proteins, OsCSP2, contains 197 amino acid residues and six cysteine residues. Site-directed mutagenesis of these cysteine residues revealed that a Cys140 mutation causes mislocalization of a green fluorescent protein fusion protein in the root cells of rice. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that OsCSP2 is localized in the nucleus as a homo dimer in rice root cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study indicate that redox-sensitive cysteine modification would contribute to the immune response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Morino
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, 1-2-1 Inada, Joetsu, Niigata 943-0193 Japan
| | - Mayumi Kimizu
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, 1-2-1 Inada, Joetsu, Niigata 943-0193 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052 Japan
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Distinct expression patterns of the GDP dissociation inhibitor protein gene (OsRhoGDI2) from Oryza sativa during development and abiotic stresses. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Akamatsu A, Shimamoto K, Kawano Y. Crosstalk of Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Host Defense and Symbiosis Against Microorganisms in Rice. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:297-307. [PMID: 27499679 PMCID: PMC4955034 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331201602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops, feeding about half population in the world. Rice pathogens cause enormous damage to rice production worldwide. In plant immunity research, considerable progress has recently been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity. Using genome sequencing and molecular techniques, a number of new MAMPs and their receptors have been identified in the past two decades. Notably, the mechanisms for chitin perception via the lysine motif (LysM) domain-containing receptor OsCERK1, as well as the mechanisms for bacterial MAMP (e.g. flg22, elf18) perception via the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing receptors FLS2 and EFR, have been clarified in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively. In chitin signaling in rice, two direct substrates of OsCERK1, Rac/ROP GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor OsRacGEF1 and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK185, have been identified as components of the OsCERK1 complex and are rapidly phosphorylated by OsCERK1 in response to chitin. Interestingly, OsCERK1 also participates in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rice and plays a role in the recognition of short-chitin molecules (CO4/5), which are symbiotic signatures included in AMF germinated spore exudates and induced by synthetic strigolactone. Thus, OsCERK1 contributes to both immunity and symbiotic responses. In this review, we describe recent studies on pathways involved in rice immunity and symbiotic signaling triggered by interactions with microorganisms. In addition, we describe recent advances in genetic engineering by using plant immune receptors and symbiotic microorganisms to enhance disease resistance of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara,Japan;; Present address: Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich,United Kingdom
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara,Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara,Japan;; Present address: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai,P.R. China;; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama,Japan
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