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Chen Y, Li Y, Luo G, Luo C, Xiao Z, Lu Y, Xiang Z, Hou Z, Xiao Q, Zhou Y, Tang Q. Gene identification, expression analysis, and molecular docking of SAT and OASTL in the metabolic pathway of selenium in Cardamine hupingshanensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:148. [PMID: 38775862 PMCID: PMC11111505 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Identification of selenium stress-responsive expression and molecular docking of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) in Cardamine hupingshanensis. A complex coupled with serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) is the key enzyme that catalyzes selenocysteine (Sec) synthesis in plants. The functions of SAT and OASTL genes were identified in some plants, but it is still unclear whether SAT and OASTL are involved in the selenium metabolic pathway in Cardamine hupingshanensis. In this study, genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of ChSATs and ChOASTLs were performed. The eight ChSAT genes were divided into three branches, and the thirteen ChOASTL genes were divided into four branches by phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment, indicating the evolutionary conservation of the gene structure and its association with other plant species. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the ChSAT and ChOASTL genes were differentially expressed in different tissues under various selenium levels, suggesting their important roles in Sec synthesis. The ChSAT1;2 and ChOASTLA1;2 were silenced by the VIGS system to investigate their involvement in selenium metabolites in C. hupingshanensis. The findings contribute to understanding the gene functions of ChSATs and ChOASTLs in the selenium stress and provide a reference for further exploration of the selenium metabolic pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Guoqiang Luo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Cihang Luo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Zhijing Xiao
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Yanke Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Zhixin Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Zhi Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
| | - Qiaoyu Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 44500, China.
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Bhattacharyya S, Giridhar M, Meier B, Peiter E, Vothknecht UC, Chigri F. Global transcriptome profiling reveals root- and leaf-specific responses of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) to H 2O 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223778. [PMID: 37771486 PMCID: PMC10523330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In cereal crops, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the ability to appropriately respond to environmental cues is an important factor for yield stability and thus for agricultural production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are key components of signal transduction cascades involved in plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions. H2O2-mediated stress responses include the modulation of expression of stress-responsive genes required to cope with different abiotic and biotic stresses. Despite its importance, knowledge of the effects of H2O2 on the barley transcriptome is still scarce. In this study, we identified global transcriptomic changes induced after application of 10 mM H2O2 to five-day-old barley plants. In total, 1883 and 1001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in roots and leaves, respectively. Most of these DEGs were organ-specific, with only 209 DEGs commonly regulated and 37 counter-regulated between both plant parts. A GO term analysis further confirmed that different processes were affected in roots and leaves. It revealed that DEGs in leaves mostly comprised genes associated with hormone signaling, response to H2O2 and abiotic stresses. This includes many transcriptions factors and small heat shock proteins. DEGs in roots mostly comprised genes linked to crucial aspects of H2O2 catabolism and oxidant detoxification, glutathione metabolism, as well as cell wall modulation. These categories include many peroxidases and glutathione transferases. As with leaves, the H2O2 response category in roots contains small heat shock proteins, however, mostly different members of this family were affected and they were all regulated in the opposite direction in the two plant parts. Validation of the expression of the selected commonly regulated DEGs by qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-seq data. The data obtained in this study provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress responses in barley, which might also play a role upon other stresses that induce oxidative bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Giridhar
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bastian Meier
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ute C. Vothknecht
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fatima Chigri
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Liu D, Li M, Guo T, Lu J, Xie Y, Hao Y, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhang L, Liu Z, Jin Z, Pei Y. Functional characterization of the Serine acetyltransferase family genes uncovers the diversification and conservation of cysteine biosynthesis in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913856. [PMID: 36212318 PMCID: PMC9533716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing compounds are essential for plant development and environmental adaptation, and closely related to the flavor and nutrition of the agricultural products. Cysteine, the first organic sulfur-containing molecule generated in plants, is the precursor for most of these active substances. Serine acetyltransferase (SERAT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of its formation. However, despite their importance, systematic analyses of these enzymes in individual species, especially in economically important crops, are still limited. Here, The SERAT members (SlSERATs, four in total) were identified and characterized in tomato. Phylogenetically, the four SlSERAT proteins were classified into three subgroups with distinct genomic structures and subcellular localizations. On the function, it was interesting to find that SlSERAT3;1, possessed a high ability to catalyze the formation of OAS, even though it contained a long C-terminus. However, it retained the essential C-terminal Ile, which seems to be a characteristic feature of SERAT3 subfamily members in Solanaceae. Besides, SlSERAT1;1 and SlSERAT2;2 also had high activity levels and their catalyzing abilities were significantly improved by the addition of an OAS-(thiol)-lyase protein. At the transcriptional level, the four SlSERAT genes had distinct expression patterns during tomato plant development. Under abiotic stress conditions, the chloroplast-localized SlSERATs were the main responders, and the SlSERATs adopted different strategies to cope with osmotic, ion toxicity and other stresses. Finally, analyses in the loss-of-function and overexpression lines of SlSERAT1;1 suggested that function redundancy existed in the tomato SERAT members, and the tomato SERAT member was ideal target for S-assimilation manipulating in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yafang Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Hao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Longdan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuping Jin
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanxi Pei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
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Dharavath S, Kumari K, Kumar S, Gourinath S. Structural and functional studies of serine acetyltransferase isoform from Entamoeba histolytica reveals novel role of the C-terminal tail in loss of regulation from feedback inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:689-700. [PMID: 35853506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serine acetyltransferase (SAT) catalyzes the acetylation of l-serine in the first step of the two-step pathway to synthesize L-cysteine in bacteria, protozoans and plants. L-cysteine is known to be involved in feedback regulation of SAT. However, in E. histolytica, SAT exists in three isoforms where third isoform SAT3 is nearly insensitive to feedback inhibition. Here, we explored the previously unknown precise mechanism of the insensitivity of EhSAT3 to L-cysteine. The C-terminal deletion mutants of EhSAT3 were inhibited completely by L-cysteine in contrast to the wildtype EhSAT3. The crystal structure of EhSAT3ΔC22 in complex with cysteine revealed that C-terminal region swaps over the neighboring monomer in the trimer. This structure combined with the modeled C-terminal residues suggests that EhSAT3 C-terminal end interacts with the active site and play crucial role in feedback inhibition. The interacting distances between sulfur of cysteine and protein indicate cysteine is in deprotonated (S-) state, thus making stronger interactions than serine. In the full length SAT3, C-terminal tail provides an acidic environment at the active site pocket, so that cysteine can't be deprotonated and bind strongly at the active site. These results conveyed a unique role of the C-terminal region of EhSAT3 in regulating the feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khushboo Kumari
- School of Life sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
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Wang L, Zhang C, Yin W, Wei W, Wang Y, Sa W, Liang J. Single-molecule real-time sequencing of the full-length transcriptome of purple garlic (Allium sativum L. cv. Leduzipi) and identification of serine O-acetyltransferase family proteins involved in cysteine biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2864-2873. [PMID: 34741310 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic (Allium sativum L.), whose bioactive components are mainly organosulfur compounds (OSCs), is a herbaceous perennial widely consumed as a green vegetable and a condiment. Yet, the metabolic enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of OSCs are not identified in garlic. RESULTS Here, a full-length transcriptome of purple garlic was generated via PacBio and Illumina sequencing, to characterize the garlic transcriptome and identify key proteins mediating the biosynthesis of OSCs. Overall, 22.56 Gb of clean data were generated, resulting in 454 698 circular consensus sequence (CCS) reads, of which 83.4% (379 206) were identified as being full-length non-chimeric reads - their further transcript clustering facilitated identification of 36 571 high-quality consensus reads. Once corrected, their genome-wide mapping revealed that 6140 reads were novel isoforms of known genes, and 2186 reads were novel isoforms from novel genes. We detected 1677 alternative splicing events, finding 2902 genes possessing either two or more poly(A) sites. Given the importance of serine O-acetyltransferase (SERAT) in cysteine biosynthesis, we investigated the five SERAT homologs in garlic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a three-tier classification of SERAT proteins, each featuring a serine acetyltransferase domain (N-terminal) and one or two hexapeptide transferase motifs. Template-based modeling showed that garlic SERATs shared a common homo-trimeric structure with homologs from bacteria and other plants. The residues responsible for substrate recognition and catalysis were highly conserved, implying a similar reaction mechanism. In profiling the five SERAT genes' transcript levels, their expression pattern varied significantly among different tissues. CONCLUSION This study's findings deepen our knowledge of SERAT proteins, and provide timely genetic resources that could advance future exploration into garlic's genetic improvement and breeding. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Abbasi AZ, Bilal M, Khurshid G, Yiotis C, Zeb I, Hussain J, Baig A, Shah MM, Chaudhary SU, Osborne B, Ahmad R. Expression of cyanobacterial genes enhanced CO 2 assimilation and biomass production in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11860. [PMID: 34434649 PMCID: PMC8359801 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that is compromised by the oxygenase activity of Rubisco, which leads to the production of toxic compound phosphoglycolate that is catabolized by photorespiratory pathway. Transformation of plants with photorespiratory bypasses have been shown to reduce photorespiration and enhance plant biomass. Interestingly, engineering of a single gene from such photorespiratory bypasses has also improved photosynthesis and plant productivity. Although single gene transformations may not completely reduce photorespiration, increases in plant biomass accumulation have still been observed indicating an alternative role in regulating different metabolic processes. Therefore, the current study was aimed at evaluating the underlying mechanism (s) associated with the effects of introducing a single cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation pathway gene on photosynthesis and plant performance. Methods Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants (GD, HD, OX) expressing independently cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway genes i.e., glycolate dehydrogenase, hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, and oxalate decarboxylase, respectively, were utilized. Photosynthetic, fluorescence related, and growth parameters were analyzed. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of GD transgenic plants was also performed. Results The GD plants exhibited a significant increase (16%) in net photosynthesis rate while both HD and OX plants showed a non-significant (11%) increase as compared to wild type plants (WT). The stomatal conductance was significantly higher (24%) in GD and HD plants than the WT plants. The quantum efficiencies of photosystem II, carbon dioxide assimilation and the chlorophyll fluorescence-based photosynthetic electron transport rate were also higher than WT plants. The OX plants displayed significant reductions in the rate of photorespiration relative to gross photosynthesis and increase in the ratio of the photosynthetic electron flow attributable to carboxylation reactions over that attributable to oxygenation reactions. GD, HD and OX plants accumulated significantly higher biomass and seed weight. Soluble sugars were significantly increased in GD and HD plants, while the starch levels were higher in all transgenic plants. The transcriptomic analysis of GD plants revealed 650 up-regulated genes mainly related to photosynthesis, photorespiratory pathway, sucrose metabolism, chlorophyll biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism. Conclusion This study revealed the potential of introduced cyanobacterial pathway genes to enhance photosynthetic and growth-related parameters. The upregulation of genes related to different pathways provided evidence of the underlying mechanisms involved particularly in GD plants. However, transcriptomic profiling of HD and OX plants can further help to identify other potential mechanisms involved in improved plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Zeb Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Bilal
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ghazal Khurshid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Charilaos Yiotis
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iftikhar Zeb
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Maroof Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Safee Ullah Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bruce Osborne
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raza Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
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Zhao Z, Li S, Ji C, Zhou Y, Li C, Wang W. Genetic Variation of the Serine Acetyltransferase Gene Family for Sulfur Assimilation in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:437. [PMID: 33808582 PMCID: PMC8003530 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving sulfur assimilation in maize kernels is essential due to humans and animals' inability to synthesize methionine. Serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a critical enzyme that controls cystine biosynthesis in plants. In this study, all SAT gene members were genome-wide characterized by using a sequence homology search. The RNA-seq quantification indicates that they are highly expressed in leaves, other than root and seeds, consistent with their biological functions in sulfur assimilation. With the recently released 25 genomes of nested association mapping (NAM) founders representing the diverse maize stock, we had the opportunity to investigate the SAT genetic variation comprehensively. The abundant transposon insertions into SAT genes indicate their driving power in terms of gene structure and genome evolution. We found that the transposon insertion into exons could change SAT gene transcription, whereas there was no significant correlation between transposable element (TE) insertion into introns and their gene expression, indicating that other regulatory elements such as promoters could also be involved. Understanding the SAT gene structure, gene expression and genetic variation involved in natural selection and species adaption could precisely guide genetic engineering to manipulate sulfur assimilation in maize and to improve nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Chen Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Changsheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenqin Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Z.Z.); (S.L.)
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Casartelli A, Riewe D, Hubberten HM, Altmann T, Hoefgen R, Heuer S. Exploring traditional aus-type rice for metabolites conferring drought tolerance. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:9. [PMID: 29372429 PMCID: PMC5785456 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional varieties and landraces belonging to the aus-type group of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are known to be highly tolerant to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat, and are therefore recognized as a valuable genetic resource for crop improvement. Using two aus-type (Dular, N22) and two drought intolerant irrigated varieties (IR64, IR74) an untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted to identify drought-responsive metabolites associated with tolerance. RESULTS The superior drought tolerance of Dular and N22 compared with the irrigated varieties was confirmed by phenotyping plants grown to maturity after imposing severe drought stress in a dry-down treatment. Dular and N22 did not show a significant reduction in grain yield compared to well-watered control plants, whereas the intolerant varieties showed a significant reduction in both, total spikelet number and grain yield. The metabolomics analysis was conducted with shoot and root samples of plants at the tillering stage at the end of the dry-down treatment. The data revealed an overall higher accumulation of N-rich metabolites (amino acids and nucleotide-related metabolites allantoin and uridine) in shoots of the tolerant varieties. In roots, the aus-type varieties were characterised by a higher reduction of metabolites representative of glycolysis and the TCA cycle, such as malate, glyceric acid and glyceric acid-3-phosphate. On the other hand, the oligosaccharide raffinose showed a higher fold increase in both, shoots and roots of the sensitive genotypes. The data further showed that, for certain drought-responsive metabolites, differences between the contrasting rice varieties were already evident under well-watered control conditions. CONCLUSIONS The drought tolerance-related metabolites identified in the aus-type varieties provide a valuable set of protective compounds and an entry point for assessing genetic diversity in the underlying pathways for developing drought tolerant rice and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Casartelli
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - David Riewe
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Altmann
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
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Ahmad N, Malagoli M, Wirtz M, Hell R. Drought stress in maize causes differential acclimation responses of glutathione and sulfur metabolism in leaves and roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:247. [PMID: 27829370 PMCID: PMC5103438 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is the most important environmental stress that limits crop yield in a global warming world. Despite the compelling evidence of an important role of oxidized and reduced sulfur-containing compounds during the response of plants to drought stress (e.g. sulfate for stomata closure or glutathione for scavenging of reactive oxygen species), the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway is almost not investigated at the molecular or at the whole plant level during drought. RESULTS In the present study, we elucidated the role of assimilatory sulfate reduction in roots and leaves of the staple crop maize after application of drought stress. The time-resolved dynamics of the adaption processes to the stress was analyzed in a physiological relevant situation -when prolonged drought caused significant oxidation stress but root growth should be maintained. The allocation of sulfate was significantly shifted to the roots upon drought and allowed for significant increase of thiols derived from sulfate assimilation in roots. This enabled roots to produce biomass, while leaf growth was stopped. Accumulation of harmful reactive oxygen species caused oxidation of the glutathione pool and decreased glutathione levels in leaves. Surprisingly, flux analysis using [35S]-sulfate demonstrated a significant down-regulation of sulfate assimilation and cysteine synthesis in leaves due to the substantial decrease of serine acetyltransferase activity. The insufficient cysteine supply caused depletion of glutathione pool in spite of significant transcriptional induction of glutathione synthesis limiting GSH1. Furthermore, drought impinges on transcription of membrane-localized sulfate transport systems in leaves and roots, which provides a potential molecular mechanism for the reallocation of sulfur upon prolonged water withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated a significant and organ-specific impact of drought upon sulfate assimilation. The sulfur metabolism related alterations at the transcriptional, metabolic and enzyme activity level are consistent with a promotion of root growth to search for water at the expense of leaf growth. The results provide evidence for the importance of antagonistic regulation of sulfur metabolism in leaves and roots to enable successful drought stress response at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Science & Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruediger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ambrosino L, Bostan H, di Salle P, Sangiovanni M, Vigilante A, Chiusano ML. pATsi: Paralogs and Singleton Genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Evol Bioinform Online 2016; 12:1-7. [PMID: 26792975 PMCID: PMC4710182 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s32536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is widely accepted as a model species in plant biology. Its genome, due to its small size and diploidy, was the first to be sequenced among plants, making this species also a reference for plant comparative genomics. Nevertheless, the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped the Arabidopsis genome are still controversial. Indeed, duplications, translocations, inversions, and gene loss events that contributed to the current organization are difficult to be traced. A reliable identification of paralogs and single-copy genes is essential to understand these mechanisms. Therefore, we implemented a dedicated pipeline to identify paralog genes and classify single-copy genes into opportune categories. PATsi, a web-accessible database, was organized to allow the straightforward access to the paralogs organized into networks and to the classification of single-copy genes. This permits to efficiently explore the gene collection of Arabidopsis for evolutionary investigations and comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosino
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Hamed Bostan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale di Salle
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mara Sangiovanni
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vigilante
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.; The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Maria L Chiusano
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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11
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Adediran GA, Ngwenya BT, Mosselmans JFW, Heal KV. Bacteria-zinc co-localization implicates enhanced synthesis of cysteine-rich peptides in zinc detoxification when Brassica juncea is inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:280-93. [PMID: 26263508 PMCID: PMC4676334 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Some plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are enigmatic in enhancing plant growth in the face of increased metal accumulation in plants. Since most PGPB colonize the plant root epidermis, we hypothesized that PGPB confer tolerance to metals through changes in speciation at the root epidermis. We employed a novel combination of fluorophore-based confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging and synchrotron based microscopic X-ray fluorescence mapping with X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize bacterial localization, zinc (Zn) distribution and speciation in the roots of Brassica juncea grown in Zn contaminated media (400 mg kg(-1) Zn) with the endophytic Pseudomonas brassicacearum and rhizospheric Rhizobium leguminosarum. PGPB enhanced epidermal Zn sequestration relative to PGBP-free controls while the extent of endophytic accumulation depended on the colonization mode of each PGBP. Increased root accumulation of Zn and increased tolerance to Zn was associated predominantly with R. leguminosarum and was likely due to the coordination of Zn with cysteine-rich peptides in the root endodermis, suggesting enhanced synthesis of phytochelatins or glutathione. Our mechanistic model of enhanced Zn accumulation and detoxification in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum has particular relevance to PGPB enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated through mining and oxidation of sulphur-bearing Zn minerals or engineered nanomaterials such as ZnS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbotemi A Adediran
- School of GeoSciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
- Author for correspondence:,
Gbotemi A. Adediran
,
Tel: +44 (0)7447945688
,
| | - Bryne T Ngwenya
- School of GeoSciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
| | | | - Kate V Heal
- School of GeoSciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
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