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Liu H, Li X, He F, Li M, Zi Y, Long R, Zhao G, Zhu L, Hong L, Wang S, Kang J, Yang Q, Chen L. Genome-wide identification and analysis of abiotic stress responsiveness of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family in Medicago sativa L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:800. [PMID: 39179986 PMCID: PMC11344418 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is crucial cell signal transduction mechanism that plays an important role in plant growth and development, metabolism, and stress responses. The MAPK cascade includes three protein kinases, MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK. The three protein kinases mediate signaling to downstream response molecules by sequential phosphorylation. The MAPK gene family has been identified and analyzed in many plants, however it has not been investigated in alfalfa. RESULTS In this study, Medicago sativa MAPK genes (referred to as MsMAPKs) were identified in the tetraploid alfalfa genome. Eighty MsMAPKs were divided into four groups, with eight in group A, 21 in group B, 21 in group C and 30 in group D. Analysis of the basic structures of the MsMAPKs revealed presence of a conserved TXY motif. Groups A, B and C contained a TEY motif, while group D contained a TDY motif. RNA-seq analysis revealed tissue-specificity of two MsMAPKs and tissue-wide expression of 35 MsMAPKs. Further analysis identified MsMAPK members responsive to drought, salt, and cold stress conditions. Two MsMAPKs (MsMAPK70 and MsMAPK75) responds to salt and cold stresses; two MsMAPKs (MsMAPK60 and MsMAPK73) responds to cold and drought stresses; four MsMAPKs (MsMAPK1, MsMAPK33, MsMAPK64 and MsMAPK71) responds to salt and drought stresses; and two MsMAPKs (MsMAPK5 and MsMAPK7) responded to all three stresses. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively identified and analysed the alfalfa MAPK gene family. Candidate genes related to abiotic stresses were screened by analysing the RNA-seq data. The results provide key information for further analysis of alfalfa MAPK gene functions and improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunfei Zi
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yan W, Sharif R, Sohail H, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xu X. Surviving a Double-Edged Sword: Response of Horticultural Crops to Multiple Abiotic Stressors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5199. [PMID: 38791235 PMCID: PMC11121501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced weather events, such as extreme temperatures, prolonged drought spells, or flooding, pose an enormous risk to crop productivity. Studies on the implications of multiple stresses may vary from those on a single stress. Usually, these stresses coincide, amplifying the extent of collateral damage and contributing to significant financial losses. The breadth of investigations focusing on the response of horticultural crops to a single abiotic stress is immense. However, the tolerance mechanisms of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this review, we described the most prevalent types of abiotic stresses that occur simultaneously and discussed them in in-depth detail regarding the physiological and molecular responses of horticultural crops. In particular, we discussed the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and metabolic responses of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses. Strategies to breed multi-stress-resilient lines have been presented. Our manuscript presents an interesting amount of proposed knowledge that could be valuable in generating resilient genotypes for multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Rahat Sharif
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hamza Sohail
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Gujjar RS, Kumar R, Goswami SK, Srivastava S, Kumar S. MAPK signaling pathway orchestrates and fine-tunes the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum falcatum. J Proteomics 2024; 292:105056. [PMID: 38043863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum falcatum is the causal organism of red rot, the most devastating disease of sugarcane. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays pivotal role in coordinating the process of pathogenesis. We identified eighteen proteins implicated in MAPK signaling pathway in C. falcatum, through nanoLCMS/MS based proteomics approach. Twelve of these proteins were the part of core MAPK signaling pathway, whereas remaining proteins were indirectly implicated in MAPK signaling. Majority of these proteins had enhanced abundance in C. falcatum samples cultured with host sugarcane stalks. To validate the findings, core MAPK pathway genes (MAPKKK-NSY1, MAPK 17-MAPK17, MAPKKK 5-MAPKKK5, MAPK-HOG1B, MAPKKK-MCK1/STE11, MAPK-MST50/STE50, MAPKK-SEK1, MAPKK-MEK1/MST7/STE7, MAPKK-MKK2/STE7, MAPKKK-MST11/STE11, MAPK 5-MPK5, and MAPK-MPK-C) were analyzed by qPCR to confirm the real-time expression in C. falcatum samples cultured with host sugarcane stalks. The results of qPCR-based expression of genes were largely in agreement with the findings of proteomics. String association networks of MAPKK- MEK1/MST7/STE7, and MAPK- MPK-C revealed strong association with plenty of assorted proteins implicated in the process of pathogenesis/virulence. This is the novel and first large scale study of MAPK proteins in C. falcatum, responsible for red rot epidemics of sugarcane various countries. KEY MESSAGE: Our findings demonstrate the pivotal role of MAPK proteins in orchestrating the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum falcatum, responsible devastating red rot disease of sugarcane. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings are novel and the first large scale study demonstrating the pivotal role of MAPK proteins in C. falcatum, responsible devastating red rot disease of sugarcane. The study will be useful for future researchers in terms of manipulating the fungal pathogenicity through genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh Gujjar
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
| | | | - Sangeeta Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
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Zhang X, Shen G, Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Li W, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MAPKK gene family in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and its response to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109132. [PMID: 37797870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases of the MAPK cascade family (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK) play an important role in the growth and development of organisms and their response to environmental stress. The MAPKK gene families in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis have never been systematically analyzed. We identified four MAPKK family genes, EsMEK, EsMAPKK4, EsMAPKK6, and EsMAPKK7, in E. sinensis and analyzed their molecular features and expression patterns. All four MAPKK genes are composed of multiple exons and introns, all have a conserved domain, and all have 10 conserved motifs (except EsMEK and EsMAPKK7 which are missing motif 10). The four MAPKK genes are on four different chromosomes and have no gene duplications, and the results of phylogenetic tree analysis indicate that the ESMAPKK gene family is highly conserved evolutionarily. The EsMAPKK genes were widely expressed in all the examined tissues with higher expression in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and gills. Notably, EsMAPKK6 was also highly expressed in the ovary. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection significantly increased the mRNA levels of the EsMAPKK genes in hemocytes. Further disruption of the EsMAPKK gene family expression affects the expression levels of multiple antimicrobial peptides in hemocytes. Our experimental results provide a starting point for a more in-depth study of the innate immunity functional roles of members of the MAPKK gene families in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Shen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhu B, Li C, Wang M, Chen J, Hu Y, Huang W, Wang H. Comparative transcriptome provides insights into gene regulation network associated with the resistance to Fusarium wilt in grafted wax gourd Benincasa hispida. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277500. [PMID: 37964995 PMCID: PMC10641703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium that has become a serious threat to wax gourd production. Disease-resistant graft wax gourds are an effective treatment for Fusarium wilt. However, there are few reports on the defense mechanism of graft wax gourd against wilt diseases. Methods In the present study, disease and growth indices were compared between grafted and original wax gourds after infection with Fusarium. High level of disease resistance was observed in the grafted wax gourd, with a lower disease index and low impacts on growth after infection. RNA-seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the adjacent treatment time points in the grafted and original wax gourds, respectively. Then a comparative temporal analysis was performed and a total of 1,190 genes were identified to show different gene expression patterns between the two wax gourd groups during Fusarium infection. Result and discussion Here, high level of disease resistance was observed in the grafted wax gourd, with a lower disease index and low impacts on growth after infection. The DEG number was higher in grafted group than original group, and the enriched functional categories and pathways of DEGs were largely inconsistent between the two groups. These genes were enriched in multiple pathways, of which the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway enhanced the early defense response, and cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis signaling pathways enhanced surface resistance in grafted wax gourd in comparison to original group. Our study provides insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the resistance of grafted wax gourds to Fusarium wilt infection, which will facilitate the breeding and production of wilt-resistant rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibi Zhu
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Research Center of Quality Safety and Standards for Agro-Products, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Haikou, Hainan, China
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Liu W, Yan C, Li R, Chen G, Wang X, Wen Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang Y. VqMAPK3/VqMAPK6, VqWRKY33, and VqNSTS3 constitute a regulatory node in enhancing resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad116. [PMID: 37786728 PMCID: PMC10541564 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine powdery mildew is caused by Erysiphe necator, which seriously harms grape production in the world. Stilbene synthase makes phytoalexins that contribute to the resistance of grapevine against powdery mildew. A novel VqNSTS3 was identified and cloned from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2. The novel VqNSTS3 was transferred into susceptible 'Thompson Seedless' by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants showed resistance to the disease and activated other resistance-related genes. VqNSTS3 expression in grapevine is regulated by VqWRKY33, and which binds to TTGACC in the VqNSTS3 promoter. Furthermore, VqWRKY33 was phosphorylated by VqMAPK3/VqMAPK6 and thus led to enhanced signal transduction and increased VqNSTS3 expression. ProVqNSTS3::VqNSTS3-GFP of transgenic VqNSTS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana was observed to move to and wrap the pathogen's haustoria and block invasion by Golovinomyces cichoracearum. These results demonstrate that stilbene accumulation of novel VqNSTS3 of the Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2 prevented pathogen invasion and enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. Therefore, VqNSTS3 can be used in generating powdery mildew-resistant grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaohui Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingqiang Wen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, ul-Ain N, Raza A, Haider FU, Si H. Harnessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases against abiotic stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:932923. [PMID: 36909407 PMCID: PMC10000299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas plants tend to retain their physiological mechanisms by evolving cellular regulation. To mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, many defense mechanisms are induced in plants. One of these mechanisms is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signaling pathway used in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intercellular responses. This stress signaling pathway is activated by a series of responses involving MAPKKKs→MAPKKs→MAPKs, consisting of interacting proteins, and their functions depend on the collaboration and activation of one another by phosphorylation. These proteins are key regulators of MAPK in various crop plants under abiotic stress conditions and also related to hormonal responses. It is revealed that in response to stress signaling, MAPKs are characterized as multigenic families and elaborate the specific stimuli transformation as well as the antioxidant regulation system. This pathway is directed by the framework of proteins and stopping domains confer the related associates with unique structure and functions. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in plants, such as Arbodiposis, tomato, potato, alfalfa, poplar, rice, wheat, maize, and apple. In this review, we summarized the recent work on MAPK response to abiotic stress and the classification of MAPK cascade in crop plants. Moreover, we highlighted the modern research methodologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, CRISPR/Cas technology, and epigenetic studies, which proposed, identified, and characterized the novel genes associated with MAPKs and their role in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In-silico-based identification of novel MAPK genes also facilitates future research on MAPK cascade identification and function in crop plants under various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Noor ul-Ain
- Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (FAFU) and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-School of Integrative Biology (UIUC-SIB) Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Ren C, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. Advances in understanding cold tolerance in grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad092. [PMID: 36789447 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis ssp.) is a deciduous perennial fruit crop, and the canes and buds of grapevine should withstand low temperatures annually during winter. However, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera is cold-sensitive and cannot survive the severe winter in regions with extremely low temperatures, such as viticulture regions in northern China. By contrast, a few wild Vitis species like V. amurensis and V. riparia exhibit excellent freezing tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying grapevine cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms, owing to the advances in sequencing and molecular biotechnology. Assembly of grapevine genomes together with resequencing and transcriptome data enable researchers to conduct genomic and transcriptomic analyses in various grapevine genotypes and populations to explore genetic variations involved in cold tolerance. In addition, a number of pivotal genes have been identified and functionally characterized. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in physiological and molecular analyses of cold tolerance in grapevine and put forward questions in this field. We also discuss the strategies for improving the tolerance of grapevine to cold stress. Understanding grapevine cold tolerance will facilitate the development of grapevines for adaption to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
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Wu J, Liang X, Lin M, Lan Y, Xiang Y, Yan H. Comprehensive analysis of MAPK gene family in Populus trichocarpa and physiological characterization of PtMAPK3-1 in response to MeJA induction. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13869. [PMID: 36723249 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as hormone and stress responses by signaling to eukaryotic cells, through MAPK cascade, the presence of various cues; thereby, regulating various responses. The MAPK cascade consists mainly of three gene families, MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK, which activate downstream signaling pathways through sequential phosphorylation. Although the MAPK cascade gene family has been reported in several species, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis in poplar. We identified 21 MAPK genes, 11 MAPKK genes, and 104 MAPKKK genes in Populus trichocarpa. The phylogenetic classification was supported by conservative motif, gene structure and motif analysis. Whole genome duplication has an important role in the expansion of MAPK cascade genes. Analysis of promoter cis-elements and expression profiles indicates that MAPK cascade genes have important roles in plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stresses, and phytohormone response. Expression profiling revealed a significant upregulation of PtMAPK3-1 expression in response to drought, salt and disease stresses. Poplar transiently overexpressing PtMAPK3-1 and treated with methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) had higher catalase and peroxidase levels than non-overexpressing poplar. This work represents the first complete inventory of the MAPK cascade in P. trichocarpa, which reveals that PtMAPK3-1 is induced by the MeJA hormone and participates in the MeJA-induced enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yangang Lan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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10
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Wang Z, Yan S, Ren W, Liu Y, Sun W, Liu M, Lu J, Mi Y, Ma W. Genome-Wide Identification of MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK Gene Families in Fagopyrum tataricum and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns Under Abiotic Stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:894048. [PMID: 35899198 PMCID: PMC9313540 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.894048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved signal transduction pathway, ubiquitous in eukaryotes, such as animals and plants. The MAPK cascade has a dominant role in regulating plant adaptation to the environment, such as through stress responses, osmotic adjustment, and processes that modulate pathogenicity. In the present study, the MAPK cascade gene family was identified in Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat), based on complete genome sequence data. Using phylogenetic tree, conservative motif, and chromosome location analyses, a total of 65 FtMAPK cascade genes, distributed on five chromosomes, were classified into three families: MAPK (n = 8), MAPKK (n = 1), and MAPKKK (n = 56). Transcriptome data from Tartary buckwheat seedlings grown under different light conditions demonstrated that, under blue and red light, the expression levels of 18 and 36 FtMAPK cascade genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Through qRT-PCR experiments, it was observed that FtMAPK5, FtMAPKK1, FtMAPKKK8, FtMAPKKK10, and FtMAPKKK24 gene expression levels in the Tartary buckwheat seedlings increased under three types of abiotic stress: drought, salt, and high temperature. A co-expression network of FtMAPK cascade genes was constructed, based on gene expression levels under different light conditions, and co-expressed genes annotated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, which identified numerous transcription factors related to plant abiotic stress. The authors conclude that FtMAPK cascade genes have important roles in the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat, as well as its responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Song Yan
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yaolei Mi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaolei Mi, ; Wei Ma,
| | - Wei Ma
- Pharmacy of College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yaolei Mi, ; Wei Ma,
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11
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Gong P, Kang J, Sadeghnezhad E, Bao R, Ge M, Zhuge Y, Shangguan L, Fang J. Transcriptional Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Grapevine ( Vitis L.) Reveals Hypersensitive Responses to Plasmopara viticola. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846504. [PMID: 35572700 PMCID: PMC9097084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew is the most serious disease of grapevine cultivars that affects the rate of resistance/susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. In this study, we used the susceptible cultivar "Zitian Seedless" and the resistant cultivar "Kober 5BB" as materials to determine the transcriptome differences and phenotypes of the leaves after inoculation with downy mildew. The differences in microstructures and molecular levels were compared and analyzed. Fluorescence staining and microscopic observations confirmed that hypersensitive cell death occurred around the stomata in "Kober 5BB" infected by downy mildew zoospores. Meanwhile, transcriptomic profiling indicated that there were 11,713 and 6,997 gene expression differences between the resistant and susceptible cultivars at 72 h after inoculation when compared to control (0 h), respectively. The differentially expressed genes of the two cultivars are significantly enriched in different pathways, including response to plant-pathogen interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the results of functional enrichment analysis showed that H2O2 metabolism, cell death, reactive oxygen response, and carbohydrate metabolism are also involved in the defense response of "Kober 5BB," wherein a total of 322 key genes have been identified. The protein interaction network showed that metacaspases (MCAs), vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs), and Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) play an important role in the execution of hypersensitive responses (HR). In conclusion, we demonstrated that HR cell death is the key strategy in the process of grape defense against downy mildew, which may be mediated or activated by Caspase-like proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoxuan Bao
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqing Ge
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxian Zhuge
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfei Shangguan
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Chen P, Zhou D, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang W. Peiminine inhibits myocardial injury and fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:87-94. [PMID: 35203059 PMCID: PMC8890941 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction promotes cardiac remodeling and myocardial fibrosis, thus leading to cardiac dysfunction or heart failure. Peiminine has been regarded as a traditional anti-fibrotic Chinese medicine in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of peiminine in myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis remained elusive. Firstly, rat model of myocardial infarction was established using ligation of the left coronary artery, which were then intraperitoneally injected with 2 or 5 mg/kg peiminine once a day for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and haemodynamic evaluation results showed that peiminine treatment reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and enhanced maximum rate of increase/decrease of left ventricle pressure (± dP/dt max) and left ventricular systolic pressure, which ameliorate the cardiac function. Secondly, myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and infarct size were also attenuated by peiminine. Moreover, peiminine inhibited myocardial infarction-induced increase of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production, as well as the myocardial cell apoptosis, in the rats. Thirdly, peiminine also decreased the myocardial fibrosis related protein expression including collagen I and collagen III. Lastly, peiminine reduced the expression of p38 and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in rat model of myocardial infarction. In conclusion, peiminine has a cardioprotective effect against myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis, which can be attributed to the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Dengming Zhou
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Long Y, Liu Y, Yang M, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Li M, Lin Y, Tang H, Luo Y. MAPK5 and MAPK10 overexpression influences strawberry fruit ripening, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Botrytis cinerea. PLANTA 2021; 255:19. [PMID: 34894292 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
FaMAPK5 and FaMAPK10 genes were involved in ABA-mediated strawberry fruit ripening and could enhance the antioxidant capacity by increasing non-enzymatic components and enzymatic antioxidants. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are the key proteins involved in plant stress response by activating an antioxidant defense system, which cooperates with plant hormones. However, the involvement of MAPKs in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening and resistance is unclear. In this study, two genes, FaMAPK5 and FaMAPK10, were isolated, and their expression pattern and function analysis were conducted. The results showed FaMAPK5 and FaMAPK10 were expressed in all tested tissue/organ types and reached the highest expression level at the white stage during strawberry fruit development and ripening. Transient overexpression of FaMAPK5 and FaMAPK10 increased the fruit anthocyanin, abscisic acid (ABA), total sugar, and glucose contents. ABA and especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment induced the production of large amounts of H2O2 and noticeably increased the expression levels of FaMAPK5 and FaMAPK10 in strawberry fruit, while the reduced glutathione (GSH) had the opposite effect. The level of total phenol and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) significantly increased in FaMAPK5 overexpression fruit, and increased activities of SOD and CAT were observed in FaMAPK10 overexpression fruit. In addition, Botrytis cinerea treatment showed that overexpression of FaMAPK5 conferred retarded disease symptom development and enhanced fruit disease resistance. Our research revealed that FaMAPK5 and FaMAPK10 might participate in ABA-mediated H2O2 signaling in regulating strawberry fruit ripening and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Long
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liangxin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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14
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Pan L, Fonseca De Lima CF, Vu LD, De Smet I. A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of the MAP4K Family in the Green Lineage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650171. [PMID: 34484252 PMCID: PMC8415026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The kinase-mediated phosphorylation impacts every basic cellular process. While mitogen-activated protein kinase technology kinase kinases (MAP4Ks) are evolutionarily conserved, there is no comprehensive overview of the MAP4K family in the green lineage (Viridiplantae). In this study, we identified putative MAP4K members from representative species of the two core groups in the green lineage: Chlorophyta, which is a diverse group of green algae, and Streptophyta, which is mostly freshwater green algae and land plants. From that, we inferred the evolutionary relationships of MAP4K proteins through a phylogenetic reconstruction. Furthermore, we provided a classification of the MAP4Ks in the green lineage into three distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cassio Flavio Fonseca De Lima
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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González-Coronel JM, Rodríguez-Alonso G, Guevara-García ÁA. A phylogenetic study of the members of the MAPK and MEK families across Viridiplantae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250584. [PMID: 33891654 PMCID: PMC8064577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is regulated by the activity of enzymes generically known as kinases. One of those kinases is Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK), which operate through a phosphorylation cascade conformed by members from three related protein kinase families namely MAPK kinase kinase (MEKK), MAPK kinase (MEK), and MAPK; these three acts hierarchically. Establishing the evolution of these proteins in the plant kingdom is an interesting but complicated task because the current MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK subfamilies arose from duplications and subsequent sub-functionalization during the early stage of the emergence of Viridiplantae. Here, an in silico genomic analysis was performed on 18 different plant species, which resulted in the identification of 96 genes not previously annotated as components of the MAPK (70) and MEK (26) families. Interestingly, a deeper analysis of the sequences encoded by such genes revealed the existence of putative domains not previously described as signatures of MAPK and MEK kinases. Additionally, our analysis also suggests the presence of conserved activation motifs besides the canonical TEY and TDY domains, which characterize the MAPK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel González-Coronel
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Arturo Guevara-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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16
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Ingole KD, Dahale SK, Bhattacharjee S. Proteomic analysis of SUMO1-SUMOylome changes during defense elicitation in Arabidopsis. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104054. [PMID: 33238213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid adaptation of plants to developmental or physiological cues is facilitated by specific receptors that transduce the signals mostly via post-translational modification (PTM) cascades of downstream partners. Reversible covalent attachment of SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO), a process termed as SUMOylation, influence growth, development and adaptation of plants to various stresses. Strong regulatory mechanisms maintain the steady-state SUMOylome and mutants with SUMOylation disturbances display mis-primed immunity often with growth consequences. Identity of the SUMO-substrates undergoing SUMOylation changes during defenses however remain largely unknown. Here we exploit either the auto-immune property of an Arabidopsis mutant or defense responses induced in wild-type plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (PstDC3000) to enrich and identify SUMO1-substrates. Our results demonstrate massive enhancement of SUMO1-conjugates due to increased SUMOylation efficiencies during defense responses. Of the 261 proteins we identify, 29 have been previously implicated in immune-associated processes. Role of others expand to diverse cellular roles indicating massive readjustments the SUMOylome alterations may cause during induction of immunity. Overall, our study highlights the complexities of a plant immune network and identifies multiple SUMO-substrates that may orchestrate the signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: In all eukaryotes, covalent linkage of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMOs), a process termed as SUMOylation, on target proteins affect their fate and function. Plants display reversible readjustments in the pool of SUMOylated proteins during biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we demonstrate net increase in global SUMO1/2-SUMOylome of Arabidopsis thaliana at induction of immunity. We enrich and identify 261 SUMO1-substrates enhanced in defenses that categorize to diverse cellular processes and include novel candidates with uncharacterized immune-associated roles. Overall, our results highlight intricacies of SUMO1-orchestration in defense signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor D Ingole
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3(rd) Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar 751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Shraddha K Dahale
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3(rd) Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3(rd) Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India.
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17
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Wang Z, Gou X. Receptor-Like Protein Kinases Function Upstream of MAPKs in Regulating Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207638. [PMID: 33076465 PMCID: PMC7590044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of protein kinase broadly involved in various signal pathways in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades regulate growth, development, stress responses and immunity by perceiving signals from the upstream regulators and transmitting the phosphorylation signals to the downstream signaling components. To reveal the interactions between MAPK cascades and their upstream regulators is important for understanding the functional mechanisms of MAPKs in the life span of higher plants. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are plasma membrane-located to perceive endogenous or exogenous signal molecules in regulating plant growth, development and immunity. MAPK cascades bridge the extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors in many RLK-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current findings that RLKs regulate plant development through MAPK cascades and discusses questions that are worth investigating in the near future.
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18
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Pan L, De Smet I. Expanding the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Universe: An Update on MAP4Ks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1220. [PMID: 32849755 PMCID: PMC7427426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation-mediated signaling cascades control plant growth and development or the response to stress conditions. One of the best studied signaling cascades is the one regulated by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs (MAPKs). However, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE KINASEs (MAP4Ks) are hardly explored. Here, we will give a comprehensive overview of what is known about plant MAP4Ks and highlight some outstanding questions associated with this largely uncharacterized class of kinases in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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He X, Wang C, Wang H, Li L, Wang C. The Function of MAPK Cascades in Response to Various Stresses in Horticultural Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32849671 PMCID: PMC7412866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved signaling transduction module that transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses in plants. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in horticultural plants, such as tomato and apple. Recent studies revealed that the MAPK cascade also plays crucial roles in the biotic and abiotic stress responses of horticultural plants. In this review, we summarize the composition and classification of MAPK cascades in horticultural plants and recent research on this cascade in responses to abiotic stresses (such as drought, extreme temperature and high salinity) and biotic stresses (such as pathogen infection). In addition, we discuss the most advanced research themes related to plant MAPK cascades, thus facilitating research on MAPK cascade functions in horticultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen He
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | | | - Haibo Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | - Linguang Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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20
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Genome-wide identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and expression profiling of CmMAPKs in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232756. [PMID: 32407323 PMCID: PMC7224490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a form of serine/threonine protein kinase that activated by extracellular stimulation acting through the MAPK cascade (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). The MAPK cascade gene family, an important family of protein kinases, plays a vital role in responding to various stresses and hormone signal transduction processes in plants. In this study, we identified 14 CmMAPKs, 6 CmMAPKKs and 64 CmMAPKKKs in melon genome. Based on structural characteristics and a comparison of phylogenetic relationships of MAPK gene families from Arabidopsis, cucumber and watermelon, CmMAPKs and CmMAPKKs were categorized into 4 groups, and CmMAPKKKs were categorized into 3 groups. Furthermore, chromosome location revealed an unevenly distribution on chromosomes of MAPK cascade genes in melon, respectively. Eventually, qRT-PCR analysis showed that all 14 CmMAPKs had different expression patterns under drought, salt, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), red light (RL), and Podosphaera xanthii (P. xanthii) treatments. Overall, the expression levels of CmMAPK3 and CmMAPK7 under different treatments were higher than those in control. Our study provides an important basis for future functional verification of MAPK genes in regulating responses to stress and signal substance in melon.
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Wang G, Liang YH, Zhang JY, Cheng ZM(M. Cloning, molecular and functional characterization by overexpression in Arabidopsis of MAPKK genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:194. [PMID: 32381024 PMCID: PMC7203792 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as a part of the MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK cascade, play crucial roles in plant development as an intracellular signal transduction pathway to respond various environmental signals. However, few MAPKK have been functionally characterized in grapevine. RESULTS In the study, five MAPKK (MKK) members were identified in grapevine (cultivar 'Pinot Noir'), cloned and designated as VvMKK1-VvMKK5. A phylogenetic analysis grouped them into four sub-families based on the similarity of their conserved motifs and gene structure to Arabidopsis MAPKK members. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of VvMKK1, VvMKK2, VvMKK4, and VvMKK5 were up-regulated in mature leaf and young blades, and roots, but exhibited low expression in leaf petioles. VvMKK2, VvMKK3, and VvMKK5 genes were differentially up-regulated when grapevine leaves were inoculated with spores of Erisyphe necator, or treated with salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), H2O2, or exposed to drought, indicating that these genes may be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Over expression of VvMKK2 and VvMKK4 genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in the production of seeds with a significantly higher germination and survival rate, and better seedling growth under stress conditions than wild-type plants. Overexpression of VvMKK2 in Arabidopsis improved salt and drought stress tolerance while overexpression of VvMKK4 only improved salt stress tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present investigation provide a better understanding of the interaction and function of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK genes at the transcriptional level in grapevine and led to the identification of candidate genes for drought and salt stress in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Ying-hai Liang
- Institute of Pomology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gong Zhuling, Jilin Province, 136100 China
| | - Ji-yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Zong-Ming ( Max) Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
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22
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Hu X, Puri KD, Gurung S, Klosterman SJ, Wallis CM, Britton M, Durbin-Johnson B, Phinney B, Salemi M, Short DPG, Subbarao KV. Proteome and metabolome analyses reveal differential responses in tomato -Verticillium dahliae-interactions. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103449. [PMID: 31323424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae colonizes vascular tissue and causes vascular discoloration in susceptible hosts. Two well-defined races exist in V. dahliae populations from tomato and lettuce. In this study, proteins and metabolites obtained from stems of race 1-incompatible (Beefsteak) and -compatible (Early Pak) tomato cultivars were characterized. A total of 814 and 584 proteins in Beefsteak; and 456 and 637 proteins in Early Pak were identified in stem extracts of plants inoculated with races 1 and 2, respectively. A significant number of defense-related proteins were expressed in each tomato-V. dahliae interaction, as anticipated. However, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), an important defense-associated enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, in addition to remorin 1, NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase, and polyphenol oxidase were uniquely expressed in the incompatible interaction. Compared with the uninoculated control, significant overexpression of gene ontology terms associated with lignin biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway and carbohydrate methylation were identified exclusively in the incompatible interaction. Phenolic compounds known to be involved in plant defense mechanisms were at higher levels in the incompatible relative to the compatible interactions. Based on our findings, PAL and enzymes involved defense-related secondary metabolism and the strengthening of cell walls is likely critical to confer resistance to race 1 of V. dahliae in tomato. SIGNIFICANCE: Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungal pathogen and a widely distributed fungal pathogen, colonizes vascular tissue and causes vascular discoloration in roots and stems, leaf wilting, and death of susceptible plant hosts. It causes billions of dollars in annual crop losses all over the world. The study focused on the proteomic and metabalomic of V. dahliae interactions (incompatible with Beefsteak and compatible with Early Pak tomato cultivars). Based on our findings, PAL and enzymes involved defense-related secondary metabolism and the strengthening of cell walls is likely critical to confer resistance to race 1 of V. dahliae in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | | | | | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Salinas, CA 93905, USA
| | - Christopher M Wallis
- USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Monica Britton
- Genome Center and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Genome Center and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Genome Center and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Genome Center and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Zhu W, Tan W, Li Q, Chen X, Wang J, Liu X, Ye W, Yin Z. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the MAPKKK genes in Gossypium arboreum L. Genome 2019; 62:609-622. [PMID: 31271725 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are important components of MAPK cascades, which have different functions during developmental processes and stress responses. To date, there has been no systematic investigation of this gene family in the diploid cotton Gossypium arboreum L. In this study, a genome-wide survey was performed that identified 78 MAPKKK genes in G. arboreum. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three subgroups: 14 belonged to ZIK, 20 to MEKK, and 44 to Raf. Chromosome location, phylogeny, and the conserved protein motifs of the MAPKKK gene family in G. arboreum were analyzed. The MAPKKK genes had a scattered genomic distribution across 13 chromosomes. The members in the same subfamily shared similar conserved motifs. The MAPKKK expression patterns were analyzed in mature leaves, stems, roots, and at different ovule developmental stages, as well as under salt and drought stresses. Transcriptome analysis showed that 76 MAPKKK genes had different transcript accumulation patterns in the tested tissues and 38 MAPKKK genes were differentially expressed in response to salt and drought stresses. These results lay the foundation for understanding the complex mechanisms behind MAPKKK-mediated developmental processes and abiotic stress-signaling transduction pathways in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tan
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qiulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhou Liu
- Suzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Suzhou, Anhui, P.R. China, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zujun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, P.R. China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Muhammad T, Zhang J, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Overexpression of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase SlMAPK3 Positively Regulates Tomato Tolerance to Cadmium and Drought Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030556. [PMID: 30717451 PMCID: PMC6385007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation is a common defense response of plants to a range of abiotic stressors. SlMPK3, a serine-threonine protein kinase, has been reported as an important member of protein kinase cascade that also functions on plant stress tolerance. In this study, we cloned SlMPK3 from tomato and studied its role in cadmium (Cd2+) and drought tolerance. The results showed that transcripts of SlMAPK3 differentially accumulated in various plant tissues and were remarkably induced by different abiotic stressors and exogenous hormone treatments. Overexpression of SlMAPK3 increased tolerance to Cd2+ and drought as reflected by an increased germination rate and improved seedling growth. Furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing SlMAPK3 showed an increased leaf chlorophyll content, root biomass accumulation and root activity under Cd2+ stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed that transgenic plants demonstrated an increased photosynthetic activity as well as contents of chlorophyll, proline, and sugar under drought stress. Notably, cadmium- and drought-induced oxidative stress was substantially attenuated in SlMAPK3 overexpressing plants as evidenced by lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and increased activity and transcript abundance of enzymatic antioxidants under stress conditions compared to that of wild-type. Our findings provide solid evidence that overexpression of SlMAPK3 gene in tomato positively regulates tolerance to Cd2+ and drought stress, which may have strengthen the molecular understanding of SlMAPK3 gene to improve abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayeb Muhammad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yalin Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yushun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Neupane S, Schweitzer SE, Neupane A, Andersen EJ, Fennell A, Zhou R, Nepal MP. Identification and Characterization of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Genes in Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E28. [PMID: 30678298 PMCID: PMC6409774 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) genes encode proteins that regulate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants through signaling cascades comprised of three major subfamilies: MAP Kinase (MPK), MAPK Kinase (MKK), and MAPKK Kinase (MKKK). The main objectives of this research were to conduct genome-wide identification of MAPK genes in Helianthus annuus and examine functional divergence of these genes in relation to those in nine other plant species (Amborella trichopoda, Aquilegia coerulea, Arabidopsis thaliana, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, Sphagnum fallax, and Vitis vinifera), representing diverse taxonomic groups of the Plant Kingdom. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profile of the MAPK genes utilized reference sequences from A. thaliana and G. max, yielding a total of 96 MPKs and 37 MKKs in the genomes of A. trichopoda, A. coerulea, C. reinhardtii, D. carota, H. annuus, S. lycopersicum, and S. fallax. Among them, 28 MPKs and eight MKKs were confirmed in H. annuus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed four clades within each subfamily. Transcriptomic analyses showed that at least 19 HaMPK and seven HaMKK genes were induced in response to salicylic acid (SA), sodium chloride (NaCl), and polyethylene glycol (Peg) in leaves and roots. Of the seven published sunflower microRNAs, five microRNA families are involved in targeting eight MPKs. Additionally, we discussed the need for using MAP Kinase nomenclature guidelines across plant species. Our identification and characterization of MAP Kinase genes would have implications in sunflower crop improvement, and in advancing our knowledge of the diversity and evolution of MAPK genes in the Plant Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Sarah E Schweitzer
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Achal Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ethan J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Anne Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ruanbao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Madhav P Nepal
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Genome-wide Identification of Jatropha curcas MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK Gene Families and Their Expression Profile Under Cold Stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16163. [PMID: 30385801 PMCID: PMC6212503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are fundamental signal transduction modules in all eukaryotic organisms, controlling cell division, growth, development, and hormone signaling. Additionally, they can be activated in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. Although the evolution and expression patterns of MAPK cascade families have been systematically investigated in several model plants (e.g., Arabidopsis, rice, and poplar), we still know very little about MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK families in Jatropha curcas, an economically important species. Therefore, this study performed genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of these three families in J. curcas. We identified 12 J. curcas MAPK (JcMAPKs), 5 JcMAPKKs, and 65 JcMAPKKKs. Phylogenetic analysis classified all JcMAPKs and JcMAPKKs into four subgroups, whereas JcMAPKKKs were grouped into three subfamilies (MEKK, RAF, and ZIK). Similarities in exon/intron structures supported the evolutionary relationships within subgroups and subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis indicated that all J. curcas MAPK cascades possessed typical, 200–300 amino-acid protein kinase domains. MAPK cascade genes were presented throughout all 11 chromosomes. Gene duplication analysis suggested that after JcMAPK and JcMAPKKK diverged, 3 and 19 tandem duplicates occurred under strong purifying selection. Furthermore, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that some MAPK cascade genes are predominantly expressed in specific tissues. Moreover, their expression levels significantly increased under cold treatment. Our results should provide insight into the roles of MAPK cascade genes in regulating J. curcas stress responses and in hormonal signal transduction. Furthermore, these data have important applications in the genetic improvement of J. curcas.
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Wang G, Wang T, Jia ZH, Xuan JP, Pan DL, Guo ZR, Zhang JY. Genome-Wide Bioinformatics Analysis of MAPK Gene Family in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia Chinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092510. [PMID: 30149559 PMCID: PMC6164783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules that play crucial roles in various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division, and developmental processes in plants. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK), being a part of this cascade, performs an important function for further appropriate cellular responses. Although MAPKs have been investigated in several model plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). In the present study, we identified 18 putative MAPKs in the kiwifruit genome. This gene family was analyzed bioinformatically in terms of their chromosome locations, sequence alignment, gene structures, and phylogenetic and conserved motifs. All members possess fully canonical motif structures of MAPK. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AcMAPKs could be classified into five subfamilies, and these gene motifs in the same group showed high similarity. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that the number of exons in AcMAPK genes ranged from 2 to 29, suggesting large variation among kiwifruit MAPK genes. The expression profiles of these AcMAPK genes were further investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which demonstrated that AcMAPKs were induced or repressed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, suggesting their potential roles in the biotic and abiotic stress response and various hormone signal transduction pathways in kiwifruit. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the putative physiological and biochemical functions of MAPK genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhan-Hui Jia
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ji-Ping Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - De-Lin Pan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhong-Ren Guo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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28
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Jing T, Wang L, Liu H, Wuyun TN, Du H. Genome-Wide Identification of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade Genes and Transcriptional Profiling Analysis during Organ Development in Eucommia ulmoides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17732. [PMID: 29255270 PMCID: PMC5735150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which play crucial roles in plant development processes, are universal modules of signal transduction in eukaryotes and consist of a core module of three sequentially phosphorylated kinases: MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK). This is the first report on the identification and analysis of MAPK cascades in Eucommia ulmoides. We conducted a genome-wide screening and identified 13 EuMAPKs, five EuMAPKKs, and 57 EuMAPKKKs. The construction of phylogenetic trees revealed that EuMAPKs and EuMAPKKs were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D), and EuMAPKKKs were divided into three subfamilies (MEKK, RAF, and ZIK). These subfamilies were further confirmed by conserved domain/motif analysis and gene structure analysis. Based on the expression profiles of all identified EuMAPK cascades in various organs at different developmental stages, three genes (EuRAF22-2, EuRAF34-1, and EuRAF33-2) with stable expression patterns at all stages of fruit or leaf development, three genes (EuRAF2-3, EuMPK11, and EuMEKK21) with differential expression patterns, and two highly expressed genes (EuZIK1 and EuMKK2) were screened and validated by qRT-PCR. Overall, our results could be used for further research on the precise role of MAPK cascades during organ development in E. ulmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jing
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ta-Na Wuyun
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
| | - Hongyan Du
- Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
- The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
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Ye J, Yang H, Shi H, Wei Y, Tie W, Ding Z, Yan Y, Luo Y, Xia Z, Wang W, Peng M, Li K, Zhang H, Hu W. The MAPKKK gene family in cassava: Genome-wide identification and expression analysis against drought stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14939. [PMID: 29097722 PMCID: PMC5668296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), an important unit of MAPK cascade, play crucial roles in plant development and response to various stresses. However, little is known concerning the MAPKKK family in the important subtropical and tropical crop cassava. In this study, 62 MAPKKK genes were identified in the cassava genome, and were classified into 3 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Most of MAPKKKs in the same subfamily shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis showed that MAPKKK genes participated in tissue development and response to drought stress. Comparative expression profiles revealed that many MAPKKK genes were activated in cultivated varieties SC124 and Arg7 and the function of MeMAPKKKs in drought resistance may be different between SC124/Arg7 and W14. Expression analyses of the 7 selected MeMAPKKK genes showed that most of them were significantly upregulated by osmotic, salt and ABA treatments, whereas slightly induced by H2O2 and cold stresses. Taken together, this study identified candidate MeMAPKKK genes for genetic improvement of abiotic stress resistance and provided new insights into MAPKKK -mediated cassava resistance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Ye
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropic Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Hai Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropic Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Zhou H, Ren S, Han Y, Zhang Q, Qin L, Xing Y. Identification and Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Cascades in Fragaria vesca. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081766. [PMID: 28805715 PMCID: PMC5578155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, plants and animals. MAPK cascades are responsible for protein phosphorylation during signal transduction events, and typically consist of three protein kinases: MAPK, MAPK kinase, and MAPK kinase kinase. In this current study, we identified a total of 12 FvMAPK, 7 FvMAPKK, 73 FvMAPKKK, and one FvMAPKKKK genes in the recently published Fragaria vesca genome sequence. This work reported the classification, annotation and phylogenetic evaluation of these genes and an assessment of conserved motifs and the expression profiling of members of the gene family were also analyzed here. The expression profiles of the MAPK and MAPKK genes in different organs and fruit developmental stages were further investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the MAPK and MAPKK expression patterns in response to hormone and abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and high and low temperature) were investigated in fruit and leaves of F. vesca. The results provide a platform for further characterization of the physiological and biochemical functions of MAPK cascades in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Suyue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuanfang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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Massonnet M, Figueroa-Balderas R, Galarneau ERA, Miki S, Lawrence DP, Sun Q, Wallis CM, Baumgartner K, Cantu D. Neofusicoccum parvum Colonization of the Grapevine Woody Stem Triggers Asynchronous Host Responses at the Site of Infection and in the Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1117. [PMID: 28702038 PMCID: PMC5487829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases cause important economic losses in vineyards worldwide. Neofusicoccum parvum, one of the most aggressive causal agents of the trunk disease Botryosphaeria dieback, colonizes cells and tissues of the grapevine wood, leading to the formation of an internal canker. Symptoms then extend to distal shoots, with wilting of leaves and bud mortality. Our aim was to characterize the transcriptional dynamics of grapevine genes in the woody stem and in the leaves during Neofusicoccum parvum colonization. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling at seven distinct time points (0, 3, and 24 hours; 2, 6, 8, and 12 weeks) showed that both stems and leaves undergo extensive transcriptomic reprogramming in response to infection of the stem. While most intense transcriptional responses were detected in the stems at 24 hours, strong responses were not detected in the leaves until the next sampling point at 2 weeks post-inoculation. Network co-expression analysis identified modules of co-expressed genes common to both organs and showed most of these genes were asynchronously modulated. The temporal shift between stem vs. leaf responses affected transcriptional modulation of genes involved in both signal perception and transduction, as well as downstream biological processes, including oxidative stress, cell wall rearrangement and cell death. Promoter analysis of the genes asynchronously modulated in stem and leaves during N. parvum colonization suggests that the temporal shift of transcriptional reprogramming between the two organs might be due to asynchronous co-regulation by common transcriptional regulators. Topology analysis of stem and leaf co-expression networks pointed to specific transcription factor-encoding genes, including WRKY and MYB, which may be associated with the observed transcriptional responses in the two organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Rosa Figueroa-Balderas
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Erin R. A. Galarneau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Shiho Miki
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane UniversityMatsue, Japan
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Biology, University of WisconsinStevens Point, WI, United States
| | - Christopher M. Wallis
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlier, CA, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitDavis, CA, United States
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
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Wei W, Chai Z, Xie Y, Gao K, Cui M, Jiang Y, Feng J. Bioinformatics identification and transcript profile analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family in the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178596. [PMID: 28562633 PMCID: PMC5451138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play essential roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the MAPK gene family in strawberry has not been systematically characterized. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified 12 MAPK genes in the Fragaria vesca genome. Protein domain analysis indicated that all FvMAPKs have typical protein kinase domains. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis classified the FvMAPK genes into four different groups. Conserved motif and exon-intron organization supported the evolutionary relationships inferred from the phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of the stress-related cis-regulatory element in the promoters and subcellular localization predictions of FvMAPKs were also performed. Gene transcript profile analysis showed that the majority of the FvMAPK genes were ubiquitously transcribed in strawberry leaves after Podosphaera aphanis inoculation and after treatment with cold, heat, drought, salt and the exogenous hormones abscisic acid, ethephon, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid. RT-qPCR showed that six selected FvMAPK genes comprehensively responded to various stimuli. Additionally, interaction networks revealed that the crucial signaling transduction controlled by FvMAPKs may be involved in the biotic and abiotic stress responses. Our results may provide useful information for future research on the function of the MAPK gene family and the genetic improvement of strawberry resistance to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinge Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiao Y, Wang D, Wang L, Jiang C, Wang Y. VqMAPKKK38 is essential for stilbene accumulation in grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17058. [PMID: 29051820 PMCID: PMC5645558 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitis species, including grapevine, produce a class of secondary metabolites called stilbenes that are important for plant disease resistance and can have positive effects on human health. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades not only play key roles in plant defense responses but also contribute to stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine. MAPKKKs function at the upper level of the MAPK network and initiate signaling through this pathway. In this study, a Raf-like MAPKKK gene, VqMAPKKK38, was identified and functionally characterized from the Chinese wild grapevine V. quinquangularis accession 'Danfeng-2'. We observed that VqMAPKKK38 transcript levels were elevated by powdery mildew infection, high salinity conditions and chilling stresses, as well as in response to treatments by the hormones salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (Eth) and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, based on both transient overexpression and gene suppression of VqMAPKKK38 in grapevine leaves, we found that VqMAPKKK38 positively regulates stilbene synthase transcription and stilbene accumulation probably by mediating the activation of the transcription factor MYB14. In addition, both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and calcium influx activated VqMAPKKK38 expression and stilbene biosynthesis, which suggests that VqMAPKKK38 may be involved in the calcium signaling and ROS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyue Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
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Feng K, Liu F, Zou J, Xing G, Deng P, Song W, Tong W, Nie X. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Co-expression Network Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases in Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1400. [PMID: 27695474 PMCID: PMC5025453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the conserved and universal signal transduction modules in all eukaryotes, which play the vital roles in plant growth, development, and in response to multiple stresses. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to identify 86 MAPKKK protein encoded by 73 MAPKKK genes in Brachypodium. Phylogenetic analysis of MAPKKK family from Arabidopsis, rice, and Brachypodium has classified them into three subfamilies, of which 28 belonged to MEKK, 52 to Raf, and 6 to ZIK subfamily, respectively. Conserved protein motif, exon-intron organization, and splicing intron phase in kinase domains supported the evolutionary relationships inferred from the phylogenetic analysis. And gene duplication analysis suggested the chromosomal segment duplication happened before the divergence of the rice and Brachypodium, while all of three tandem duplicated gene pairs happened after their divergence. We further demonstrated that the MAPKKKs have evolved under strong purifying selection, implying the conservation of them. The splicing transcripts expression analysis showed that the splicesome translating longest protein tended to be adopted. Furthermore, the expression analysis of BdMAPKKKs in different organs and development stages as well as heat, virus and drought stresses revealed that the MAPKKK genes were involved in various signaling pathways. And the circadian analysis suggested there were 41 MAPKKK genes in Brachypodium showing cycled expression in at least one condition, of which seven MAPKKK genes expressed in all conditions and the promoter analysis indicated these genes possessed many cis-acting regulatory elements involved in circadian and light response. Finally, the co-expression network of MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK in Brachypodium was constructed using 144 microarray and RNA-seq datasets, and ten potential MAPK cascades pathway were predicted. To conclude, our study provided the important information for evolutionary and functional characterization of MAPKKK family in Brachypodium, which will facilitate the functional analysis of BdMAPKKK genes, and also will facilitate better understanding the MAPK signal pathway in Brachypodium and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Fuyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jinwei Zou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Guangwei Xing
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Weining Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Wei Tong
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Wei Tong
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Nie
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Cross JM, Darrah C, Oraguzie N, Ahmadi N, Skirycz A. Editorial: Natural diversity in the new millennium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:897. [PMID: 26579148 PMCID: PMC4625155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nnadozie Oraguzie
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center (IAREC), Washington State UniversityProsser, WA, USA
| | - Nourollah Ahmadi
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développementMontpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável/Vale Institute of Technology Sustainable DevelopmentBelem, Brazil
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