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Laureano G, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Eicosapentaenoic acid: New insights into an oomycete-driven elicitor to enhance grapevine immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108799. [PMID: 38857564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture remains a matter of major concern, prompting a critical need for alternative and sustainable practices. To address this, the use of lipid-derived molecules as elicitors to induce defence responses in grapevine plants was accessed. A Plasmopara viticola fatty acid (FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) naturally present in oomycetes, but absent in plants, was applied by foliar spraying to the leaves of the susceptible grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. Trincadeira), while a host lipid derived phytohormone, jasmonic acid (JA) was used as a molecule known to trigger host defence. Their potential as defence triggers was assessed by analysing the expression of a set of genes related to grapevine defence and evaluating the FA modulation upon elicitation. JA prompted grapevine immunity, altering lipid metabolism and up-regulating the expression of several defence genes. EPA also induced a myriad of responses to the levels typically observed in tolerant plants. Its application activated the transcription of defence gene's regulators, pathogen-related genes and genes involved in phytoalexins biosynthesis. Moreover, EPA application resulted in the alteration of the leaf FA profile, likely by impacting biosynthetic, unsaturation and turnover processes. Although both molecules were able to trigger grapevine defence mechanisms, EPA induced a more robust and prolonged response. This finding establishes EPA as a promising elicitor for an effectively managing grapevine downy mildew diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Laureano
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems lab, BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems lab, BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Krasauskas J, Ganie SA, Al-Husari A, Bindschedler L, Spanu P, Ito M, Devoto A. Jasmonates, gibberellins, and powdery mildew modify cell cycle progression and evoke differential spatiotemporal responses along the barley leaf. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:180-203. [PMID: 37611210 PMCID: PMC10735486 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal crop, and its development, defence, and stress responses are modulated by different hormones including jasmonates (JAs) and the antagonistic gibberellins (GAs). Barley productivity is severely affected by the foliar biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria hordei. In this study, primary leaves were used to examine the molecular processes regulating responses to methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and GA to B. hordei infection along the leaf axis. Flow cytometry, microscopy, and spatiotemporal expression patterns of genes associated with JA, GA, defence, and the cell cycle provided insights on cell cycle progression and on the gradient of susceptibility to B. hordei observed along the leaf. Notably, the combination of B. hordei with MeJA or GA pre-treatment had a different effect on the expression patterns of the analysed genes compared to individual treatments. MeJA reduced susceptibility to B. hordei in the proximal part of the leaf blade. Overall, distinctive spatiotemporal gene expression patterns correlated with different degrees of cell proliferation, growth capacity, responses to hormones, and B. hordei infection along the leaf. Our results highlight the need to further investigate differential spatial and temporal responses to pathogens at the organ, tissue, and cell levels in order to devise effective disease control strategies in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovaras Krasauskas
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Aroub Al-Husari
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Laurence Bindschedler
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Pietro Spanu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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Zhang S, Han J, Liu N, Sun J, Chen H, Xia J, Ju H, Liu S. Botrytis cinerea hypovirulent strain △ BcSpd1 induced Panax ginseng defense. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:773-783. [PMID: 38107400 PMCID: PMC10721459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the major fungal diseases in agriculture. Biological methods are preferred over chemical fungicides to control gray mold since they are less toxic to the environment and could induce the resistance to pathogens in plants. In this work, we try to understand if ginseng defense to B. cinerea could be induced by fungal hypovirulent strain △BcSpd1. BcSpd1 encodes Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor which regulates fungal pathogenicity and we recently reported △BcSpd1 mutants reduced fungal virulence. Methods We performed transcriptomic analysis of the host to investigate the induced defense response of ginseng treated by B. cinerea △BcSpd1. The metabolites in ginseng flavonoids pathway were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the antifungal activates were then performed. Results We found that △BcSpd1 enhanced the ginseng defense response when applied to healthy ginseng leaves and further changed the metabolism of flavonoids. Compared with untreated plants, the application of △BcSpd1 on ginseng leaves significantly increased the accumulation of p-coumaric acid and myricetin, which could inhibit the fungal growth. Conclusion B. cinerea △BcSpd1 could effectively induce the medicinal plant defense and is referred to as the biological control agent in ginseng disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Zhang
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junyou Han
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huchen Chen
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiyan Ju
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouan Liu
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xia J, Liu N, Han J, Sun J, Xu T, Liu S. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses indicated the underlying molecular responses of Asian ginseng ( Panax ginseng) toward Colletotrichum panacicola infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182685. [PMID: 37492771 PMCID: PMC10365858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer is one of the most valuable plants and is widely used in China, while ginseng anthracnose is one of the most destructive diseases. Colletotrichum panacicola could infect ginseng leaves and stems and causes serious anthracnose disease, but its mechanism is still unknown. Here, transcriptome and metabolism analyses of the host leaves were conducted to investigate the ginseng defense response affected by C. panacicola. Upon C. panacicola infection, ginseng transcripts altered from 14 to 24 h, and the expression of many defense-related genes switched from induction to repression. Consequently, ginseng metabolites in the flavonoid pathway were changed. Particularly, C. panacicola repressed plant biosynthesis of the epicatechin and naringin while inducing plant biosynthesis of glycitin, vitexin/isovitexin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. This work indicates C. panacicola successful infection of P. ginseng by intervening in the transcripts of defense-related genes and manipulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which might have antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Xia
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Junyou Han
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Xu
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouan Liu
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zarraonaindia I, Cretazzo E, Mena-Petite A, Díez-Navajas AM, Pérez-López U, Lacuesta M, Pérez-Álvarez EP, Puertas B, Fernandez-Diaz C, Bertazzon N, Cantos-Villar E. Holistic understanding of the response of grapevines to foliar application of seaweed extracts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119854. [PMID: 36923130 PMCID: PMC10010106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Viticulture is highly dependent on phytochemicals to maintain good vineyard health. However, to reduce their accumulation in the environment, green regulations are driving the development of eco-friendly strategies. In this respect, seaweeds have proven to be one of the marine resources with the highest potential as plant protective agents, representing an environmentally-friendly alternative approach for sustainable wine production. The current work follows an interdisciplinary framework to evaluate the capacity of Ulva ohnoi and Rugulopteryx okamurae seaweeds to induce defense mechanisms in grapevine plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate Rugulopteryx okamurae as a biostimulator . This macroalgae is relevant since it is an invasive species on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coast causing incalculable economic and environmental burdens. Four extracts (UL1, UL2, RU1 and RU2 developed from Ulva and Rugulopteryx, respectively) were foliar applied to Tempranillo plants cultivated under greenhouse conditions. UL1 and RU2 stood out for their capacity to induce defense genes, such as a PR10, PAL, STS48 and GST1, mainly 24 hours after the first application. The increased expression level of these genes agreed with i) an increase in trans-piceid and trans-resveratrol content, mainly in the RU2 treated leaves, and, ii) an increase in jasmonic acid and decrease in salicylic acid. Moreover, an induction of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was observed at the end of the experiment, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase in the RU2-treated leaves in particular. Interestingly, while foliar fungal diversity was not influenced by the treatments, alga extract amendment modified fungal composition, RU2 application enriching the content of various groups known for their biocontrol activity. Overall, the results evidenced the capacity of Rugulopteryx okamurae for grapevine biostimulation, inducing the activation of several secondary metabolite pathways and promoting the abundance of beneficial microbiota involved in grapevine protection. While further studies are needed to unravel the bioactive compound(s) involved, including conducting field experiments etc., the current findings are the first steps towards the inclusion of Rugulopteryx okamurae in a circular scheme that would reduce its accumulation on the coast and benefit the viticulture sector at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Zarraonaindia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrico Cretazzo
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Amaia Mena-Petite
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Ana M. Díez-Navajas
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo (NEIKER)-Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Arkaute (Araba), Spain
| | - Usue Pérez-López
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Eva Pilar Pérez-Álvarez
- VIENAP Group, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo (ICVV), Carretera de Burgos, Logroño, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernandez-Diaz
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) El Toruño, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nadia Bertazzon
- The Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain
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Grapevine-Associated Lipid Signalling Is Specifically Activated in an Rpv3 Background in Response to an Aggressive P. viticola Pathovar. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030394. [PMID: 36766736 PMCID: PMC9913531 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is highly susceptible to the biotrophic pathogen Plasmopara viticola. To control the downy mildew disease, several phytochemicals are applied every season. Recent European Union requirements to reduce the use of chemicals in viticulture have made it crucial to use alternative and more sustainable approaches to control this disease. Our previous studies pinpoint the role of fatty acids and lipid signalling in the establishment of an incompatible interaction between grapevine and P. viticola. To further understand the mechanisms behind lipid involvement in an effective defence response we have analysed the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism in three grapevine genotypes: Chardonnay (susceptible); Regent (tolerant), harbouring an Rpv3-1 resistance loci; and Sauvignac (resistant) that harbours a pyramid of Rpv12 and Rpv3-1 resistance loci. A highly aggressive P. viticola isolate was used (NW-10/16). Moreover, we have characterised the grapevine phospholipases C and D gene families and monitored fatty acid modulation during infection. Our results indicate that both susceptible and resistant grapevine hosts did not present wide fatty acid or gene expression modulation. The modulation of genes associated with lipid signalling and fatty acids seems to be specific to Regent, which raises the hypothesis of being specifically linked to the Rpv3 loci. In Sauvignac, the Rpv12 may be dominant concerning the defence response, and, thus, this genotype may present the activation of other pathways rather than lipid signalling.
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Ramos M, Daranas N, Llugany M, Tolrà R, Montesinos E, Badosa E. Grapevine response to a Dittrichia viscosa extract and a Bacillus velezensis strain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1075231. [PMID: 36589113 PMCID: PMC9803176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1075231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the response of the three Mediterranean local grapevines 'Garnacha Blanca', 'Garnacha Tinta', and 'Macabeo' to treatments with biocontrol products, namely a botanical extract (Akivi, Dittrichia viscosa extract) and a beneficial microorganism (Bacillus UdG, Bacillus velezensis). A combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were chosen in order to study grapevine gene expression and to identify gene marker candidates, as well as, to determine differentially concentrated grapevine metabolites in response to biocontrol product treatments. Grapevine plants were cultivated in greenhouse under controlled conditions and submitted to the treatments. Thereafter, leaves were sampled 24h after treatment to carry out the gene expression study by RT-qPCR for the three cultivars and by RNA-sequencing for 'Garnacha Blanca'. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated for both treatments and highly influenced DEGs were selected to be tested in the three cultivars as treatment gene markers. In addition, the extraction of leaf components was performed to quantify metabolites, such as phytohormones, organic acids, and phenols. Considering the upregulated and downregulated genes and the enhanced metabolites concentrations, the treatments had an effect on jasmonic acid, ethylene, and phenylpropanoids defense pathways. In addition, several DEG markers were identified presenting a stable overexpression after the treatments in the three grapevine cultivars. These gene markers could be used to monitor the activity of the products in field treatments. Further research will be necessary to confirm these primary results under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Ramos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Plant Physiology (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Daranas
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Plant Physiology (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Badosa
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Figueiredo J, Santos RB, Guerra-Guimarães L, Leclercq CC, Renaut J, Malhó R, Figueiredo A. An in-planta comparative study of Plasmopara viticola proteome reveals different infection strategies towards susceptible and Rpv3-mediated resistance hosts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20794. [PMID: 36456634 PMCID: PMC9715676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola, an obligate biotrophic oomycete, is the causal agent of one of the most harmful grapevine diseases, downy mildew. Within this pathosystem, much information is gathered on the host, as characterization of pathogenicity and infection strategy of a biotrophic pathogen is quite challenging. Molecular insights into P. viticola development and pathogenicity are just beginning to be uncovered, mainly by transcriptomic studies. Plasmopara viticola proteome and secretome were only predicted based on transcriptome data. In this study, we have identified the in-planta proteome of P. viticola during infection of a susceptible ('Trincadeira') and a Rpv3-mediated resistance ('Regent') grapevine cultivar. Four hundred and twenty P. viticola proteins were identified on a label-free mass spectrometry-based approach of the apoplastic fluid of grapevine leaves. Overall, our study suggests that, in the compatible interaction, P. viticola manipulates salicylic-acid pathway and isoprenoid biosynthesis to enhance plant colonization. Furthermore, during the incompatible interaction, development-associated proteins increased while oxidoreductases protect P. viticola from ROS-associated plant defence mechanism. Up to our knowledge this is the first in-planta proteome characterization of this biotrophic pathogen, thus this study will open new insights into our understanding of this pathogen colonization strategy of both susceptible and Rpv3-mediated resistance grapevine genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita B Santos
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- CIFC - Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens Do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Céline C Leclercq
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rui Malhó
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Guan Y, He X, Wen D, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F, Jiang Y. Fusarium oxysporum infection on root elicit aboveground terpene production and salicylic acid accumulation in Chrysanthemum morifolium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:11-23. [PMID: 36087542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Underground infection of Fusarium oxysporum resulted in great yield losses in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) industry. However, the effect of F. oxysporum root disease on the terpenes production in above- and below-ground parts of plant is completely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the systematic impact of Fusarium infection underground on the terpene production in aboveground parts of chrysanthemum. Terpene production in above- and below-ground parts was profiled in a time series of post-inoculation by GC-MS. Total terpenes were significantly induced from roots and leaves of Fusarium-infected versus healthy plants. These terpenes included monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, in which sesquiterpenes were primarily induced in roots and leaves, while monoterpenes were produced only in leaves. Through transcriptome analysis, 8 differentially expressed terpene synthase genes (TPSs) were screened out. The relative expression levels of 8 TPS genes at different developmental stage and tissues indicated the spatial delay of the TPS genes in leaves. The induced terpenes from roots and leaves showed consistency with the expression pattern of TPS genes. The biochemical function of Cm-j-TPS1/2/7 were verified by enzymatic assay. Additionally, it's found that the content of salicylic acid (SA) in root and leaf significantly increased by F. oxysporum infection, suggesting a role of the SA signaling pathway in defense. Together, these results reveal the defense response of above- and below-ground parts of plants to root fungal attack and provide a theoretical basis for the effective prediction and control of F. oxysporum infection in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Pereira G, Pereira J, Santos RB, Figueiredo A. Uncovering the role of DNA methyltransferases in grapevine - Plasmopara viticola interaction: From genome-wide characterization to global methylation patterns. Gene 2022; 837:146693. [PMID: 35738444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has recently gained prominence in the field of plant-pathogen interactions, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with plant infection. In grapevine interaction with pathogens, epigenetic regulation still remains a black box. In this work, we characterized grapevine DNA methyltransferase gene family and identified nine DNA methyltransferases genes across eight grapevine chromosomes coding for 17 proteins. We also assessed the modulation of global cytosine methylation and gene expression levels of these genes with the aim of establishing a connection between DNA methylation and grapevine resistance towards downy mildew. Our results revealed that, in the incompatible interaction, an early hypomethylation, coupled with downregulation of DNMT and CMT genes occurs very early after pathogen inoculation. Additionally, the compatible interaction is characterized by a hypermethylation at 6hpi. A temporal delay is evident between the shifts in DNA methyltransferases gene expression in both compatible and incompatible interactions which in turn may be reflected in the global methylation percentage. Overall, we present the first evidence of an epigenetic regulation role in grapevine defense against P. viticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pereira
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita B Santos
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Giudice G, Moffa L, Niero M, Duso C, Sandrini M, Vazzoler LF, Luison M, Pasini E, Chitarra W, Nerva L. Novel sustainable strategies to control Plasmopara viticola in grapevine unveil new insights on priming responses and arthropods ecology. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2342-2356. [PMID: 35246907 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of fungicide consumption in agriculture is globally recognized as a priority. Government authorities are fostering research to achieve a reduction of risks associated with conventional pesticides and promoting the development of sustainable alternatives. To address these issues, in the present study, alternative protocols for the control of downy mildew infection in grapevine were compared to the standard protocol. In the first protocol, only resistance inducers were used, comprising a single formulation with Acibenzolar S-methyl, laminarin and disodium-phosphonate. The second and third protocols followed the standard protocol but substituted phosphonates with phosphorus pentoxide and Ecklonia maxima extract. RESULTS The results showed that at veraison downy mildew incidence and severity in all tested protocols were significantly reduced compared to nontreated controls on both canopy and bunches. Expression analysis of key genes involved in plant stress response, indicated that the two protocols for phosphites substitution induced a remodulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), with positive impact on yields. Analysis of the first protocol revealed that the primed state induced a short delay in bunch ripening, with a shift of carbohydrate metabolism to boost the plant defences, involving an upregulation of defence related-gene, SAR response and a decreased ROS detoxification. Additionally, analysis on the arthropods populations, in parallel with the positive results achieved using alternatives to conventional fungicides, were enriched by those showing the potential of naturally occurring predators of spider mites. CONCLUSION This study provides practical solutions to reduce the environmental impact of treatments for the control downy mildew in viticulture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giudice
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Moffa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Niero
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Walter Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
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12
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Ali M, Ahmad H, Amin B, Atif MJ, Cheng Z. Induce defense response of DADS in eggplants during the biotrophic phase of Verticillium dahliae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35379184 PMCID: PMC8981950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Verticillium wilt is a destructive vascular disease in eggplants. The complex defensive mechanisms of eggplant against this disease are very limited. METHODS Our work examined the bioactive properties of garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) as potential biostimulants for defense against V. dahliae in eggplant seedlings. We, therefore, foliar sprayed DADS on eggplants to study the defense response during the early biotrophic phase of V. dahliae (a hemibiotroph). RESULTS DADS application significantly increased root peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and reduced H2O2 levels after 24 h of fungal inoculation. Salicylic acid (SA) in leaves and roots was significantly increased while, the jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were decreased. The microscopic examinations of V. dahliae infection in roots displayed that the progression of infection was restricted in DADS-treated plants. Depositions of lignin and phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid content were significantly higher in DADS-treated plants at 48 h post-inoculation. Similarly, the DADS application up-regulated pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR2, and PR5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK1), and lipoxygenase (LOX) genes. Furthermore, DADS-treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (23.3% vs. 57.0% in controls), indicating successful defense against V. dahliae. CONCLUSIONS Our findings concluded that the biological function of garlic allelochemical DADS has a prominent role in the higher defense resistance of eggplants during the early infection of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bakht Amin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Chen H, Zhang S, He S, A R, Wang M, Liu S. The necrotroph Botrytis cinerea promotes disease development in Panax ginseng by manipulating plant defense signals and antifungal metabolites degradation. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:790-800. [PMID: 36312732 PMCID: PMC9597437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng Meyer is one of the most valuable medicinal plants which is enriched in anti-microbe secondary metabolites and widely used in traditional medicine. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes gray mold disease in a broad range of hosts. B. cinerea could overcome the ginseng defense and cause serious leaf and root diseases with unknown mechanism. Methods We conducted simultaneous transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the host to investigate the defense response of ginseng affected by B. cinerea. The gene deletion and replacement were then performed to study the pathogenic gene in B. cinerea during ginseng - fungi interaction. Results Upon B. cinerea infection, ginseng defense responses were switched from the activation to repression, thus the expression of many defense genes decreased and the biosynthesis of antifungal metabolites were reduced. Particularly, ginseng metabolites like kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin which could inhibit fungi growth were decreased after B. cinerea infection. B. cinerea quercetin dioxygenase (Qdo) involved in catalyzing flavonoids degradation and △BcQdo mutants showed increased substrates accumulation and reduced disease development. Conclusion This work indicates the flavonoids play a role in ginseng defense and BcQdo involves in B. cinerea virulence towards the P. ginseng. B. cinerea promotes disease development in ginseng by suppressing of defense related genes expression and reduction of antifungal metabolites biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shouan Liu
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Pathology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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14
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Llamazares-Miguel D, Bodin E, Laurens M, Corio-Costet M, Nieto J, Fernández-Navarro J, Mena-Petite A, Diez-Navajas AM. Genetic regulation in Vitis vinifera by approved basic substances against downy mildew. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Pilati S, Malacarne G, Navarro-Payá D, Tomè G, Riscica L, Cavecchia V, Matus JT, Moser C, Blanzieri E. Vitis OneGenE: A Causality-Based Approach to Generate Gene Networks in Vitis vinifera Sheds Light on the Laccase and Dirigent Gene Families. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1744. [PMID: 34944388 PMCID: PMC8698957 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance of transcriptomic data and the development of causal inference methods have paved the way for gene network analyses in grapevine. Vitis OneGenE is a transcriptomic data mining tool that finds direct correlations between genes, thus producing association networks. As a proof of concept, the stilbene synthase gene regulatory network obtained with OneGenE has been compared with published co-expression analysis and experimental data, including cistrome data for MYB stilbenoid regulators. As a case study, the two secondary metabolism pathways of stilbenoids and lignin synthesis were explored. Several isoforms of laccase, peroxidase, and dirigent protein genes, putatively involved in the final oxidative oligomerization steps, were identified as specifically belonging to either one of these pathways. Manual curation of the predicted sequences exploiting the last available genome assembly, and the integration of phylogenetic and OneGenE analyses, identified a group of laccases exclusively present in grapevine and related to stilbenoids. Here we show how network analysis by OneGenE can accelerate knowledge discovery by suggesting new candidates for functional characterization and application in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - David Navarro-Payá
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (D.N.-P.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Gabriele Tomè
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Laura Riscica
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Valter Cavecchia
- CNR-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (D.N.-P.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Enrico Blanzieri
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.R.); (E.B.)
- CNR-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, 38123 Trento, Italy;
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16
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Li T, Cheng X, Wang X, Li G, Wang B, Wang W, Zhang N, Han Y, Jiao B, Wang Y, Liu G, Xu T, Xu Y. Glyoxalase I-4 functions downstream of NAC72 to modulate downy mildew resistance in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:394-410. [PMID: 34318550 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLYI) is part of the glyoxalase system; its major function is the detoxification of α-ketoaldehydes, including the potent and cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG). Methylglyoxal disrupts mitochondrial respiration and increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which also increase during pathogen infection of plant tissues; however, there have been few studies relating the glyoxalase system to the plant pathogen response. We used the promoter of VvGLYI-4 to screen the upstream transcription factors and report a NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) domain-containing transcription factor VvNAC72 in grapevine, which is localized to the nucleus. Our results show that VvNAC72 expression is induced by downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, while the transcript level of VvGLYI-4 decreases. Further analysis revealed that VvNAC72 can bind directly to the promoter region of VvGLYI-4 via the CACGTG element, leading to inhibition of VvGLYI-4 transcription. Stable overexpression of VvNAC72 in grapevine and tobacco showed a decreased expression level of VvGLYI-4 and increased content of MG and ROS, as well as stronger resistance to pathogen stress. Taken together, these results demonstrate that grapevine VvNAC72 negatively modulates detoxification of MG through repression of VvGLYI-4, and finally enhances resistance to downy mildew, at least in part, via the modulation of MG-associated ROS homeostasis through a salicylic acid-mediated defense pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guanggui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bianbian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yulei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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17
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Qu J, Dry I, Liu L, Guo Z, Yin L. Transcriptional profiling reveals multiple defense responses in downy mildew-resistant transgenic grapevine expressing a TIR-NBS-LRR gene located at the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:161. [PMID: 34193844 PMCID: PMC8245497 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew (DM) is a destructive oomycete disease of viticulture worldwide. MrRPV1 is a typical TIR-NBS-LRR type DM disease resistance gene cloned from the wild North American grapevine species Muscadinia rotundifolia. However, the molecular basis of resistance mediated by MrRPV1 remains poorly understood. Downy mildew-susceptible Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz was transformed with a genomic fragment containing MrRPV1 to produce DM-resistant transgenic Shiraz lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis was used to compare the transcriptome profiles of the resistant and susceptible genotypes after DM infection. Transcriptome modulation during the response to P. viticola infection was more rapid, and more genes were induced in MrRPV1-transgenic Shiraz than in wild-type plants. In DM-infected MrRPV1-transgenic plants, activation of genes associated with Ca2+ release and ROS production was the earliest transcriptional response. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that key genes related to multiple phytohormone signaling pathways and secondary metabolism were highly induced during infection. Coexpression network and motif enrichment analysis showed that WRKY and MYB transcription factors strongly coexpress with stilbene synthase (VvSTS) genes during defense against P. viticola in MrRPV1-transgenic plants. Taken together, these findings indicate that multiple pathways play important roles in MrRPV1-mediated resistance to downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Ian Dry
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Wine Innovation West Building, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Lulu Liu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zexi Guo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China.
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18
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Bhatia G, Upadhyay SK, Upadhyay A, Singh K. Investigation of long non-coding RNAs as regulatory players of grapevine response to powdery and downy mildew infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34103007 PMCID: PMC8186045 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory transcripts of length > 200 nt. Owing to the rapidly progressing RNA-sequencing technologies, lncRNAs are emerging as considerable nodes in the plant antifungal defense networks. Therefore, we investigated their role in Vitis vinifera (grapevine) in response to obligate biotrophic fungal phytopathogens, Erysiphe necator (powdery mildew, PM) and Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew, DM), which impose huge agro-economic burden on grape-growers worldwide. RESULTS Using computational approach based on RNA-seq data, 71 PM- and 83 DM-responsive V. vinifera lncRNAs were identified and comprehensively examined for their putative functional roles in plant defense response. V. vinifera protein coding sequences (CDS) were also profiled based on expression levels, and 1037 PM-responsive and 670 DM-responsive CDS were identified. Next, co-expression analysis-based functional annotation revealed their association with gene ontology (GO) terms for 'response to stress', 'response to biotic stimulus', 'immune system process', etc. Further investigation based on analysis of domains, enzyme classification, pathways enrichment, transcription factors (TFs), interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs), and real-time quantitative PCR of lncRNAs and co-expressing CDS pairs suggested their involvement in modulation of basal and specific defense responses such as: Ca2+-dependent signaling, cell wall reinforcement, reactive oxygen species metabolism, pathogenesis related proteins accumulation, phytohormonal signal transduction, and secondary metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the identified lncRNAs provide insights into the underlying intricacy of grapevine transcriptional reprogramming/post-transcriptional regulation to delay or seize the living cell-dependent pathogen growth. Therefore, in addition to defense-responsive genes such as TFs, the identified lncRNAs can be further examined and leveraged to candidates for biotechnological improvement/breeding to enhance fungal stress resistance in this susceptible fruit crop of economic and nutritional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Anuradha Upadhyay
- National Research Centre for Grapes, Solapur Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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19
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Cavaco AR, Laureano G, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Fatty acid modulation and desaturase gene expression are differentially triggered in grapevine incompatible interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:230-238. [PMID: 33862502 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is prone to fungal and oomycete diseases. Downy and powdery mildews and grey mold, are caused by Plasmopara viticola, Erisiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. P. viticola and E. necator are obligatory biotrophs whereas B. cinerea is a necrotroph. In tolerant grapevine cultivars, plant-pathogen interaction induces defence responses, including metabolite and protein accumulation and hypersensitive reaction. Lipid and lipid-derived molecules may have a key role in the activation of defence mechanisms. Previous results suggest that V. vinifera cv Regent tolerance to P. viticola may be mediated in the first hours post inoculation by fatty acid (FA) associated signalling. In the present study we characterized FA modulation in V. vinifera cv Regent leaves upon inoculation with P. viticola, E. necator and B. cinerea and correlated FA modulation with the expression profiles of genes encoding the FA desaturases FAD6 and FAD8. In all the interactions, a progressive desaturation of stearic acid to α-linolenic acid, precursor of jasmonic acid, occurred, which was observed for a longer period against B. cinerea. Our results provide evidence of a distinct FA meditated signalling pattern in grapevine interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. While the interaction with the biotrophs may trigger a higher synthesis of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at early time-points with a tendency to return to basal levels, the interaction with B. cinerea may trigger a later and more durable induction of PUFA synthesis. In all interactions, membrane fluidity modulation occurred, which may be crucial to maintain cellular function during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Laureano
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Laureano G, Cavaco AR, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Fatty Acid Desaturases: Uncovering Their Involvement in Grapevine Defence against Downy Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115473. [PMID: 34067363 PMCID: PMC8196838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most severe and devastating diseases in viticulture. Unravelling the grapevine defence mechanisms is crucial to develop sustainable disease control measures. Here we provide new insights concerning fatty acid's (FA) desaturation, a fundamental process in lipid remodelling and signalling. Previously, we have provided evidence that lipid signalling is essential in the establishment of the incompatible interaction between grapevine and Plasmopara viticola. In the first hours after pathogen challenge, jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation, activation of its biosynthetic pathway and an accumulation of its precursor, the polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid (C18:3), were observed in the leaves of the tolerant genotype, Regent. This work was aimed at a better comprehension of the desaturation processes occurring after inoculation. We characterised, for the first time in Vitis vinifera, the gene family of the FA desaturases and evaluated their involvement in Regent response to Plasmopara viticola. Upon pathogen challenge, an up-regulation of the expression of plastidial FA desaturases genes was observed, resulting in a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of chloroplast lipids. This study highlights FA desaturases as key players in membrane remodelling and signalling in grapevine defence towards biotrophic pathogens.
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21
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Chen L, Zhao J, Song J, Jameson PE. Cytokinin glucosyl transferases, key regulators of cytokinin homeostasis, have potential value for wheat improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:878-896. [PMID: 33811433 PMCID: PMC8131048 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinins, which are N6 -substituted adenine derivatives, control key aspects of crop productivity. Cytokinin levels are controlled via biosynthesis by isopentenyl transferase (IPT), destruction by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), and inactivation via glucosylation by cytokinin glucosyl transferases (CGTs). While both yield components and tolerance to drought and related abiotic stressors have been positively addressed via manipulation of IPT and/or CKX expression, much less attention has been paid to the CGTs. As naming of the CGTs has been unclear, we suggest COGT, CNGT, CONGT and CNOGT to describe the O-, N- and dual function CGTs. As specific CGT mutants of both rice and arabidopsis showed impacts on yield components, we interrogated the wheat genome database, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 & v2.0, to investigate wheat CGTs. Besides providing unambiguous names for the 53 wheat CGTs, we show their expression patterns in 70 developmental tissues and their response characteristics to various stress conditions by reviewing more than 1000 RNA-seq data sets. These revealed various patterns of responses and showed expression generally being more limited in reproductive tissues than in vegetative tissues. Multiple cis-regulatory elements are present in the 3 kb upstream of the start codons of the 53 CGTs. Elements associated with abscisic acid, light and methyl jasmonate are particularly over-represented, indicative of the responsiveness of CGTs to the environment. These data sets indicate that CGTs have potential value for wheat improvement and that these could be targeted in TILLING or gene editing wheat breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | | | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
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22
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Cavaco AR, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Speaking the language of lipids: the cross-talk between plants and pathogens in defence and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4399-4415. [PMID: 33638652 PMCID: PMC11073031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and fatty acids play crucial roles in plant immunity, which have been highlighted over the past few decades. An increasing number of studies have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the interactions between plants and their diverse pathogens. The roles played by plant lipids fit in a wide spectrum ranging from the first physical barrier encountered by the pathogens, the cuticle, to the signalling pathways that trigger different immune responses and expression of defence-related genes, mediated by several lipid molecules. Moreover, lipids have been arising as candidate biomarkers of resistance or susceptibility to different pathogens. Studies on the apoplast and extracellular vesicles have been highlighting the possible role of lipids in the intercellular communication and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance during plant-pathogen interactions. From the pathogen perspective, lipid metabolism and specific lipid molecules play pivotal roles in the pathogen's life cycle completion, being crucial during recognition by the plant and evasion from the host immune system, therefore potentiating infection. Studies conducted in the last years have contributed to a better understanding of the language of lipids during the cross-talk between plants and pathogens. However, it is essential to continue exploring the knowledge brought up to light by transcriptomics and proteomics studies towards the elucidation of lipid signalling processes during defence and disease. In this review, we present an updated overview on lipids associated to plant-pathogen interactions, exploiting their roles from the two sides of this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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23
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Štambuk P, Šikuten I, Preiner D, Nimac A, Lazarević B, Marković Z, Maletić E, Kontić JK, Tomaz I. Screening of Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties for Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola Using Leaf Disc Bioassay, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Multispectral Imaging. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040661. [PMID: 33808401 PMCID: PMC8067117 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the era of sustainable grapevine production, there is a growing demand to define differences between Vitis vinifera varieties in susceptibility to downy mildew. Croatia, as a country with a long tradition of grapevine cultivation, preserves a large number of native grapevine varieties. A leaf disc bioassay has been conducted on 25 of them to define their response to downy mildew, according to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) descriptor 452-1, together with the stress response of the leaf discs using chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging with 11 parameters included. Time points of measurement were as follows: before treatment (T0), one day post-inoculation (dpi) (T1), two dpi (T2), three dpi (T3), four dpi (T4), six dpi (T5), and eight dpi (T6). Visible changes in form of developed Plasmopara viticola (P. viticola) sporulation were evaluated on the seventh day upon inoculation. Results show that methods applied here distinguish varieties of different responses to downy mildew. Based on the results obtained, a phenotyping model in the absence of the pathogen is proposed, which is required to confirm by conducting more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Nimac
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvjezdana Marković
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (I.Š.); (Z.M.); (E.M.); (J.K.K.); (I.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.); (B.L.)
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24
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Burdziej A, Bellée A, Bodin E, Valls Fonayet J, Magnin N, Szakiel A, Richard T, Cluzet S, Corio-Costet MF. Three Types of Elicitors Induce Grapevine Resistance against Downy Mildew via Common and Specific Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1781-1795. [PMID: 33529021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three recognized plant defense stimulators (PDS), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and phosphonates (PHOS), were sprayed on grapevine Vitis vinifera cuttings and conferred resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Plasmopara viticola. The effects on molecular defense-related genes and polyphenol content (stilbenes and flavanols) were revealed at 6 and 8 days post-elicitation. The transcript accumulation was consistent with the signaling pathway specific to the elicitor, salicylic acid for BTH, and jasmonic acid for MeJA, with some cross-talks. PHOS tended to modulate the defense responses like BTH. Moreover, in response to a downy mildew inoculation, the leaves pre-treated with PHOS and BTH overproduced pterostilbene, and after MeJA treatment, piceids and ε-viniferin, compared to uninoculated elicitor-treated leaves. These results provide evidence of the different modes of action of PDS and their role in sustainable viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Burdziej
- University of Bordeaux, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anthony Bellée
- INRAE, UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Enora Bodin
- INRAE, UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Josep Valls Fonayet
- University of Bordeaux, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Noël Magnin
- INRAE, UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Anna Szakiel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tristan Richard
- University of Bordeaux, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- University of Bordeaux, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Marie-France Corio-Costet
- INRAE, UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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25
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Responses to Drought Stress Modulate the Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in Vitis vinifera Self-Rooted Cuttings. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020273. [PMID: 33573332 PMCID: PMC7912678 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change will increase the occurrence of plants being simultaneously subjected to drought and pathogen stress. Drought can alter the way in which plants respond to pathogens. This research addresses how grapevine responds to the concurrent challenge of drought stress and Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, and how one stress affects the other. Self-rooted cuttings of the drought-tolerant grapevine cultivar Xynisteri and the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay were exposed to full or deficit irrigation (40% of full irrigation) and artificially inoculated with P. viticola in vitro or in planta. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under full irrigation, Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay. Drought stress increased the susceptibility of grapevine leaves inoculated in vitro, but both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta. Abscisic acid, rather than jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility observed in this study indicates that the practices used to mitigate the effects of climate change may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.
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26
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Feiner A, Pitra N, Matthews P, Pillen K, Wessjohann LA, Riewe D. Downy mildew resistance is genetically mediated by prophylactic production of phenylpropanoids in hop. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:323-338. [PMID: 33037636 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli and generates significant losses in quality and yield. To identify the biochemical processes that confer natural downy mildew resistance (DMR), a metabolome- and genome-wide association study was performed. Inoculation of a high density genotyped F1 hop population (n = 192) with the obligate biotrophic oomycete P. humuli led to variation in both the levels of thousands of specialized metabolites and DMR. We observed that metabolites of almost all major phytochemical classes were induced 48 hr after inoculation. But only a small number of metabolites were found to be correlated with DMR and these were enriched with phenylpropanoids. These metabolites were also correlated with DMR when measured from the non-infected control set. A genome-wide association study revealed co-localization of the major DMR loci and the phenylpropanoid pathway markers indicating that the major contribution to resistance is mediated by these metabolites in a heritable manner. The application of three putative prophylactic phenylpropanoids led to a reduced degree of leaf infection in susceptible genotypes, confirming their protective activity either directly or as precursors of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Feiner
- Plant Science and Breeding, Simon H. Steiner, Hopfen GmbH, Mainburg, Germany
- Deptartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nicholi Pitra
- Research and Development, S.S. Steiner, Inc., New York, USA
| | - Paul Matthews
- Research and Development, S.S. Steiner, Inc., New York, USA
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University (MLU), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Deptartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Einhardt AM, Ferreira S, Oliveira LM, Ribeiro DM, Rodrigues FÁ. Glyphosate and nickel differently affect photosynthesis and ethylene in glyphosate-resistant soybean plants infected by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:592-606. [PMID: 32918487 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) and glyphosate (Gl) are able to reduce the symptoms of Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, in soybean. However, their combined effects on the energy balance and ethylene metabolism of soybean plants infected with this fungus has not been elucidated. Therefore, the effects of Ni, Gl, and the combination of Ni + Gl on ASR development, photosynthetic capacity, sugar concentrations, and ethylene concentrations in plants of a Gl-resistant cultivar, uninfected or infected with P. pachyrhizi, were investigated. Inoculated plants supplied with Ni had the highest foliar Ni concentration in all the treatments. Gl had a negative effect on the foliar Ni concentration in Ni-sprayed plants. The ASR severity was reduced in plants sprayed with Ni and Gl. Carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations were higher in inoculated Ni, Gl, and Ni + Gl plants than in control plants. Based on the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, the photosynthetic apparatus of the control inoculated plants was damaged, and the least amount of energy was directed to the photochemistry process in these plants. The reduced capacity of the photosynthetic mechanism to capture light and use the energy absorbed by photosystem II in inoculated plants was reflected in their reduced capacity to process CO2 , as indicated by the high internal CO2 concentrations and low rates of net carbon assimilation. The low sugar concentrations in inoculated plants from the control treatment were linked to their reduced photosynthetic capacity due to the high ASR severity. In uninfected plants, the ethylene concentration was not affected by Ni or Gl, while the ethylene concentration decreased in inoculated plants; this decrease was more pronounced in plants from the control treatment than in treated inoculated plants. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the role played by both Ni and Gl in ASR control from a physiological perspective. Soybean plants exposed to Ni and Gl were able to maintain high ethylene concentrations and photosynthetic capacity during the P. pachyrhizi infection process; as a result, these plants consumed less of their reserves than inoculated plants not treated with Ni or Gl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andersom Milech Einhardt
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Laboratório da Interação Planta-Patógeno, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sandro Ferreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Laboratório da Interação Planta-Patógeno, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lillian Mathias Oliveira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Laboratório da Interação Planta-Patógeno, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dimas Mendes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Laboratório da Interação Planta-Patógeno, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
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28
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Zhou Q, Galindo-González L, Manolii V, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Rutabaga ( Brassica napus) Cultivars Indicates Activation of Salicylic Acid and Ethylene-Mediated Defenses in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218381. [PMID: 33171675 PMCID: PMC7664628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is an important soilborne disease of Brassica napus L. and other crucifers. To improve understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and pathogenesis in the clubroot pathosystem, the rutabaga (B. napus subsp. rapifera Metzg) cultivars ‘Wilhelmsburger’ (resistant) and ‘Laurentian’ (susceptible) were inoculated with P. brassicae pathotype 3A and their transcriptomes were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation (dai) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Thousands of transcripts with significant changes in expression were identified in each host at each time-point in inoculated vs. non-inoculated plants. Molecular responses at 7 and 14 dai supported clear differences in the clubroot response mechanisms of the two genotypes. Both the resistant and the susceptible cultivars activated receptor-like protein (RLP) genes, resistance (R) genes, and genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) signaling as clubroot defense mechanisms. In addition, genes related to calcium signaling and genes encoding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases, the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) protein, and transcription factors such as WRKYs, ethylene responsive factors, and basic leucine zippers (bZIPs), appeared to be upregulated in ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to restrict P. brassicae development. Some of these genes are essential components of molecular defenses, including ethylene (ET) signaling and the oxidative burst. Our study highlights the importance of activation of genes associated with SA- and ET-mediated responses in the resistant cultivar. A set of candidate genes showing contrasting patterns of expression between the resistant and susceptible cultivars was identified and includes potential targets for further study and validation through approaches such as gene editing.
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29
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Lombardi N, Salzano AM, Troise AD, Scaloni A, Vitaglione P, Vinale F, Marra R, Caira S, Lorito M, d’Errico G, Lanzuise S, Woo SL. Effect of Trichoderma Bioactive Metabolite Treatments on the Production, Quality, and Protein Profile of Strawberry Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7246-7258. [PMID: 32426974 PMCID: PMC8154561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma produce secondary metabolites having several biological activities that affect plant metabolism. We examined the effect of three Trichoderma bioactive metabolites (BAMs), namely, 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP), harzianic acid (HA), and hydrophobin 1 (HYTLO1), on yield, fruit quality, and protein representation of strawberry plants. In particular, 6PP and HA increased the plant yield and number of fruits, when compared to control, while HYTLO1 promoted the growth of the roots and increased the total soluble solids content up to 19% and the accumulation of ascorbic acid and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in red ripened fruits. Proteomic analysis showed that BAMs influenced the representation of proteins associated with the protein metabolism, response to stress/external stimuli, vesicle trafficking, carbon/energy, and secondary metabolism. Results suggest that the application of Trichoderma BAMs affects strawberry plant productivity and fruit quality and integrate previous observations on deregulated molecular processes in roots and leaves of Trichoderma-treated plants with original data on fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lombardi
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics
& Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Proteomics
& Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics
& Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Institute
for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics
& Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Institute
for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Task
Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giada d’Errico
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzuise
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- Institute
for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Task
Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico
II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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30
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Lombardi N, Caira S, Troise AD, Scaloni A, Vitaglione P, Vinale F, Marra R, Salzano AM, Lorito M, Woo SL. Trichoderma Applications on Strawberry Plants Modulate the Physiological Processes Positively Affecting Fruit Production and Quality. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1364. [PMID: 32719661 PMCID: PMC7350708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Trichoderma spp. are successful plant beneficial microbial inoculants due to their ability to act as biocontrol agents with direct antagonistic activities to phytopathogens, and as biostimulants capable of promoting plant growth. This work investigated the effects of treatments with three selected Trichoderma strains (T22, TH1, and GV41) to strawberry plants on the productivity, metabolites and proteome of the formed fruits. Trichoderma applications stimulated plant growth, increased strawberry fruit yield, and favored selective accumulation of anthocyanins and other antioxidants in red ripened fruits. Proteomic analysis of fruits harvested from the plants previously treated with Trichoderma demonstrated that the microbial inoculants highly affected the representation of proteins associated with responses to stress/external stimuli, nutrient uptake, protein metabolism, carbon/energy metabolism and secondary metabolism, also providing a possible explanation to the presence of specific metabolites in fruits. Bioinformatic analysis of these differential proteins revealed a central network of interacting molecular species, providing a rationale to the concomitant modulation of different plant physiological processes following the microbial inoculation. These findings indicated that the application of Trichoderma-based products exerts a positive impact on strawberry, integrating well with previous observations on the molecular mechanisms activated in roots and leaves of other tested plant species, demonstrating that the efficacy of using a biological approach with beneficial microbes on the maturing plant is also able to transfer advantages to the developing fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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31
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Saja D, Janeczko A, Barna B, Skoczowski A, Dziurka M, Kornaś A, Gullner G. Powdery Mildew-Induced Hormonal and Photosynthetic Changes in Barley Near Isogenic Lines Carrying Various Resistant Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124536. [PMID: 32630603 PMCID: PMC7352864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work focused on the characterization of some physiological mechanisms activated upon powdery mildew inoculation of the susceptible barley cultivar Ingrid and its near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying various resistant genes (Mla, Mlg and mlo). After inoculation with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), measurements of leaf reflectance and chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed 3 and 7 day post-inoculation (dpi), while hormone assays were made 7 dpi. Bgh-inoculated resistant genotypes were characterized by lowered leaf reflectance parameters that correlated with carotenoids (CRI) and water content (WBI) in comparison to inoculated Ingrid. The PSII activity (i.e., Fv/Fm, ETo/CSm and P.I.ABS) strongly decreased in susceptible Ingrid leaves when the disease symptoms became visible 7 dpi. In Mla plants with visible hypersensitive spots the PSII activity decreased to a lesser extent. Inoculation resulted in a very slight decrease of photosynthesis at later stage of infection in Mlg plants, whereas in resistant mlo plants the PSII activity did not change. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements allowed presymptomatic detection of infection in Ingrid and Mla. Changes in the homeostasis of 22 phytohormones (cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins and the stress hormones JA, SA and ABA) in powdery mildew inoculated barley are discussed in relation to resistance against this biotrophic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saja
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (D.S.); (A.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (D.S.); (A.S.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Andrzej Skoczowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (D.S.); (A.S.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (D.S.); (A.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.G.)
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32
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Hoseinzadeh AH, Soorni A, Shoorooei M, Torkzadeh Mahani M, Maali Amiri R, Allahyari H, Mohammadi R. Comparative transcriptome provides molecular insight into defense-associated mechanisms against spider mite in resistant and susceptible common bean cultivars. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228680. [PMID: 32017794 PMCID: PMC6999899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major source of proteins and one of the most important edible foods for more than three hundred million people in the world. The common bean plants are frequently attacked by spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), leading to a significant decrease in plant growth and economic performance. The use of resistant cultivars and the identification of the genes involved in plant-mite resistance are practical solutions to this problem. Hence, a comprehensive study of the molecular interactions between resistant and susceptible common bean cultivars and spider mite can shed light into the understanding of mechanisms and biological pathways of resistance. In this study, one resistant (Naz) and one susceptible (Akhtar) cultivars were selected for a transcriptome comparison at different time points (0, 1 and 5 days) after spider mite feeding. The comparison of cultivars in different time points revealed several key genes, which showed a change increase in transcript abundance via spider mite infestation. These included genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis process; a conserved MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) regulatory complex; transcription factors (TFs) TT2, TT8, TCP, Cys2/His2-type and C2H2-type zinc finger proteins; the ethylene response factors (ERFs) ERF1 and ERF9; genes related to metabolism of auxin and jasmonic acid (JA); pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hadi Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aboozar Soorni
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marie Shoorooei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Maali Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Allahyari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Rahmat Mohammadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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33
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Wang S, Chen Z, Tian L, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhou J, Liu P, Chen Y, Wu L. Comparative proteomics combined with analyses of transgenic plants reveal ZmREM1.3 mediates maize resistance to southern corn rust. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2153-2168. [PMID: 30972847 PMCID: PMC6790363 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn rust (SCR), which is a destructive disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. (P. polysora), commonly occurs in warm-temperate and tropical regions. To identify candidate proteins related to SCR resistance and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize-P. polysora interaction, a comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistant maize lines was performed. Statistical analyses revealed 1489 differentially abundant proteins in the resistant line, as well as 1035 differentially abundant proteins in the susceptible line. After the P. polysora infection, the abundance of one remorin protein (ZmREM1.3) increased in the resistant genotype, but decreased in the susceptible genotype. Plant-specific remorins are important for responses to microbial infections as well as plant signalling processes. In this study, transgenic maize plants overexpressing ZmREM1.3 exhibited enhanced resistance to the biotrophic P. polysora. In contrast, homozygous ZmREM1.3 UniformMu mutant plants were significantly more susceptible to P. polysora than wild-type plants. Additionally, the ZmREM1.3-overexpressing plants accumulated more salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, the expression levels of defence-related genes were higher in ZmREM1.3-overexpressing maize plants than in non-transgenic control plants in response to the P. polysora infection. Overall, our results provide evidence that ZmREM1.3 positively regulates maize defences against P. polysora likely via SA/JA-mediated defence signalling pathways. This study represents the first large-scale proteomic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize-P. polysora interaction. This is also the first report confirming the remorin protein family affects plant resistance to SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Wang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Zan Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Tian
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Cereal Crop Research InstituteHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Liuji Wu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
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34
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Cavaco A, Figueiredo J, Laureano G, Sousa Silva M, Matos A, Figueiredo A. Subtilisin-like proteins and lipid signalling events: the missing links in grapevine resistance to Plasmopara viticola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2019.1248.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Becker MG, Haddadi P, Wan J, Adam L, Walker P, Larkan NJ, Daayf F, Borhan MH, Belmonte MF. Transcriptome Analysis of Rlm2-Mediated Host Immunity in the Brassica napus- Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1001-1012. [PMID: 30938576 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0028-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated disease resistance in the Brassica napus-Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem using a combination of laser microdissection, dual RNA sequencing, and physiological validations of large-scale gene sets. The use of laser microdissection improved pathogen detection and identified putative L. maculans effectors and lytic enzymes operative during host colonization. Within 24 h of inoculation, we detected large shifts in gene activity in resistant cotyledons associated with jasmonic acid and calcium signaling pathways that accelerated the plant defense response. Sequencing data were validated through the direct quantification of endogenous jasmonic acid levels. Additionally, resistance against L. maculans was abolished when the calcium chelator EGTA was applied to the inoculation site, providing physiological evidence of the role of calcium in B. napus immunity against L. maculans. We integrated gene expression data with all available information on cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor binding affinities to better understand the gene regulatory networks underpinning plant resistance to hemibiotrophic pathogens. These in silico analyses point to early cellular reprogramming during host immunity that are coordinated by CAMTA, BZIP, and bHLH transcription factors. Together, we provide compelling genetic and physiological evidence into the programming of plant resistance against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Becker
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Parham Haddadi
- 2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Joey Wan
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lorne Adam
- 3Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba
| | - Philip Walker
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Fouad Daayf
- 3Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba
| | - M Hossein Borhan
- 2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Mark F Belmonte
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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36
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Cai Y, Yan J, Li Q, Deng Z, Liu S, Lu J, Zhang Y. Sucrose transporters of resistant grapevine are involved in stress resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:111-132. [PMID: 30806883 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The whole promoter regions of SUTs in Vitis were firstly isolated. SUTs are involved in the adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The vulnerability of Vitis vinifera to abiotic and biotic stresses limits its yields. In contrast, Vitis amurensis displays resistance to environmental stresses, such as microbial pathogens, low temperatures, and drought. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) are important regulators for plant growth and stress tolerance; however, the role that SUTs play in stress resistance in V. amurensis is not known. Using V. amurensis Ruper. 'Zuoshan-1' and V. vinifera 'Chardonnay', we found that SUC27 was highly expressed in several vegetative organs of Zuoshan-1, SUC12 was weakly expressed or absent in most organs in both the species, and the distribution of SUC11 in source and sink organs was highest in Zuoshan-1. A search for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter sequences of SUTs revealed that they were regulated by light, environmental stresses, physiological correlation, and hormones. The SUTs in Zuoshan-1 mostly show a higher and rapid response than in Chardonnay under the induction by Plasmopara viticola infection, cold, water deficit, and dark conditions. The induction of SUTs was associated with the upregulation of key genes involved in sucrose metabolism and the biosynthesis of plant hormones. These results indicate that stress resistance in Zuoshan-1 is governed by the differential distribution and induction of SUTs by various stimuli, and the subsequent promotion of sucrose metabolism and hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qike Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefang Deng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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37
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Nascimento R, Maia M, Ferreira AEN, Silva AB, Freire AP, Cordeiro C, Silva MS, Figueiredo A. Early stage metabolic events associated with the establishment of Vitis vinifera - Plasmopara viticola compatible interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:1-13. [PMID: 30710794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crop in the world, with 7.5 million of production area in 2017. The domesticated varieties of grapevine are highly susceptible to many fungal infections, of which downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. et de Toni is one of the most threatening. In V. vinifera, several studies have shown that a weak and transient activation of a defense mechanism occurs, but it is easily overcome by the pathogen leading to the establishment of a compatible interaction. Major transcript, protein and physiologic changes were shown to occur at later infection time-points, but comprehensive data on the first hours of interaction is scarce. In the present work, we investigated the major physiologic and metabolic changes that occur in the first 24 h of interaction between V. vinifera cultivar Trincadeira and P. viticola. Our results show that there was a negative modulation of several metabolic classes associated to pathogen defense such as flavonoids or phenylpropanoids as well as an alteration of carbohydrate content after inoculation with the pathogen. We also found an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and increase of lipid peroxidation but to a low extent, that seems to be insufficient to restrain pathogen growth during the initial biotrophic phase of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nascimento
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Maia
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António E N Ferreira
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela B Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Ponces Freire
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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38
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Beneficial effects of endophytic fungi colonization on plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3327-3340. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Lorang J. Necrotrophic Exploitation and Subversion of Plant Defense: A Lifestyle or Just a Phase, and Implications in Breeding Resistance. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:332-346. [PMID: 30451636 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0334-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breeding disease-resistant plants is a critical, environmentally friendly component of any strategy to sustainably feed and clothe the 9.8 billion people expected to live on Earth by 2050. Here, I review current literature detailing plant defense responses as they relate to diverse biological outcomes; disease resistance, susceptibility, and establishment of mutualistic plant-microbial relationships. Of particular interest is the degree to which these outcomes are a function of plant-associated microorganisms' lifestyles; biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, necrotrophic, or mutualistic. For the sake of brevity, necrotrophic pathogens and the necrotrophic phase of pathogenicity are emphasized in this review, with special attention given to the host-specific pathogens that exploit defense. Defense responses related to generalist necrotrophs and mutualists are discussed in the context of excellent reviews by others. In addition, host evolutionary trade-offs of disease resistance with other desirable traits are considered in the context of breeding for durable disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lorang
- Department of Botany, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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40
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Islam W, Naveed H, Zaynab M, Huang Z, Chen HYH. Plant defense against virus diseases; growth hormones in highlights. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1596719. [PMID: 30957658 PMCID: PMC6546145 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1596719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are critical in various aspects of plant biology such as growth regulations and defense strategies against pathogens. Plant-virus interactions retard plant growth through rapid alterations in phytohormones and their signaling pathways. Recent research findings show evidence of how viruses impact upon modulation of various phytohormones affecting plant growth regulations. The opinion is getting stronger that virus-mediated phytohormone disruption and alteration weaken plant defense strategies through enhanced replication and systemic spread of viral particles. These hormones regulate plant-virus interactions in various ways that may involve antagonism and cross talk to modulate small RNA (sRNA) systems. The article aims to highlight the recent research findings elaborating the impact of viruses upon manipulation of phytohormones and virus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhiqun Huang Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada
- CONTACT Han Y. H. Chen Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Ontario Canada
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41
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The interplay between membrane lipids and phospholipase A family members in grapevine resistance against Plasmopara viticola. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14538. [PMID: 30266912 PMCID: PMC6162203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most important diseases in modern viticulture. The search for sustainable disease control measure is of extreme importance, thus becoming imperative to fully characterize the mechanisms leading to an incompatible interaction. We have previously shown that lipid signalling events play an important role in grapevine's response to this pathogen, namely through changes in linolenic acid content, lipid peroxidation and jasmonic acid synthesis. Here, we have characterized the modulation of lipid metabolism in leaves from two V. vinifera cultivars (resistant and susceptible to P. viticola) in the first hours after pathogen inoculation. Prior to pathogen inoculation both genotypes present an inherently different fatty acid composition that is highly modulated in the resistant genotype after pathogen challenge. Such changes involve modulation of phospholipase A activity suggesting that the source of lipids mobilized upon pathogen infection are the chloroplast membranes. This work thus provides original evidence on the involvement of lipid signalling and phospholipases in grapevine immune responses to pathogen infection. The results are discussed considering the implications on the plant's physiological status and the use of discriminating lipid/fatty acids pattern in future selection procedures of cultivars.
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Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G, Costa A, Maddalena G, Passera A, Bonza MC, Pindo M, Stefani E, Cestaro A, Casati P, Failla O, Bianco PA, Maghradze D, Quaglino F. Unique resistance traits against downy mildew from the center of origin of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Sci Rep 2018; 8:12523. [PMID: 30131589 PMCID: PMC6104083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera), an Old World species now cultivated worldwide for high-quality wine production, is extremely susceptible to the agent of downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola. The cultivation of resistant V. vinifera varieties would be a sustainable way to reduce the damage caused by the pathogen and the impact of disease management, which involves the economic, health and environmental costs of frequent fungicide application. We report the finding of unique downy mildew resistance traits in a winemaking cultivar from the domestication center of V. vinifera, and characterize the expression of a range of genes associated with the resistance mechanism. Based on comparative experimental inoculations, confocal microscopy and transcriptomics analyses, our study shows that V. vinifera cv. Mgaloblishvili, native to Georgia (South Caucasus), exhibits unique resistance traits against P. viticola. Its defense response, leading to a limitation of P. viticola growth and sporulation, is determined by the overexpression of genes related to pathogen recognition, the ethylene signaling pathway, synthesis of antimicrobial compounds and enzymes, and the development of structural barriers. The unique resistant traits found in Mgaloblishvili highlight the presence of a rare defense system in V. vinifera against P. viticola which promises fresh opportunities for grapevine genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alex Costa
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Bioscienze (DBS), via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Maddalena
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passera
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Bioscienze (DBS), via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
| | - Erika Stefani
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
| | - Paola Casati
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Attilio Bianco
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - David Maghradze
- Scientific - Research Center of Agriculture, Marshal Gelovani Avenue 6, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Biosystems Engineering, Georgian Technical University, David Guramishvili Avenue 17, 0175, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia (DiSAA), via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Xu L, Yang H, Ren L, Chen W, Liu L, Liu F, Zeng L, Yan R, Chen K, Fang X. Jasmonic Acid-Mediated Aliphatic Glucosinolate Metabolism Is Involved in Clubroot Disease Development in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:750. [PMID: 29922320 PMCID: PMC5996939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate (GSL) is associated with clubroot disease, which is caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. Due to the complicated composition of GSLs, their exact role in clubroot disease development remains unclear. By investigating clubroot disease resistance in cruciferous plants and characterizing the GSL content in seeds, we can determine if clubroot disease development is related to the components of GSLs. The difference in the infection process between Matthiola incana L. (resistant) and Brassica napus L. (susceptible) was determined. Root hair infection was definitely observed in both resistant and susceptible hosts, but no infection was observed during the cortical infection stage in resistant roots; this finding was verified by molecular detection of P. brassicae via PCR amplification at various times after inoculation. Based on the time course detection of the contents and compositions of GSLs after P. brassicae inoculation, susceptible roots exhibited increased accumulation of aliphatic, indolic, and aromatic GSLs in B. napus, but only aromatic GSLs were significantly increased in M. incana. Gluconapin, which was the main aliphatic GSL in B. napus and present only in B. napus, was significantly increased during the secondary infection stage. Quantification of the internal jasmonic acid (JA) concentration showed that both resistant and susceptible plants exhibited an enhanced level of JA, particularly in susceptible roots. The exogenous JA treatment induced aliphatic GSLs in B. napus and aromatic GSLs in M. incana. JA-induced aromatic GSLs may be involved in the defense against P. brassicae, whereas aliphatic GSLs induced by JA in B. napus likely play a role during the secondary infection stage. Three candidate MYB28 genes regulate the content of aliphatic GSLs identified in B. napus; one such gene was BnMYB28.1, which was significantly increased following both the treatment with exogenous JA and P. brassicae inoculation. In summary, the increased content of JA during the secondary infection stage may induce the expression of BnMYB28.1, which caused the accumulation of aliphatic GSLs in clubroot disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Kaashyap M, Ford R, Kudapa H, Jain M, Edwards D, Varshney R, Mantri N. Differential Regulation of Genes Involved in Root Morphogenesis and Cell Wall Modification is Associated with Salinity Tolerance in Chickpea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4855. [PMID: 29555923 PMCID: PMC5859185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major constraint for intrinsically salt sensitive grain legume chickpea. Chickpea exhibits large genetic variation amongst cultivars, which show better yields in saline conditions but still need to be improved further for sustainable crop production. Based on previous multi-location physiological screening, JG 11 (salt tolerant) and ICCV 2 (salt sensitive) were subjected to salt stress to evaluate their physiological and transcriptional responses. A total of ~480 million RNA-Seq reads were sequenced from root tissues which resulted in identification of 3,053 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress. Reproductive stage shows high number of DEGs suggesting major transcriptional reorganization in response to salt to enable tolerance. Importantly, cationic peroxidase, Aspartic ase, NRT1/PTR, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase, DREB1E and ERF genes were significantly up-regulated in tolerant genotype. In addition, we identified a suite of important genes involved in cell wall modification and root morphogenesis such as dirigent proteins, expansin and casparian strip membrane proteins that could potentially confer salt tolerance. Further, phytohormonal cross-talk between ERF and PIN-FORMED genes which modulate the root growth was observed. The gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation of these genes suggests they may be utilised as potential candidates for improving chickpea salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- School of Science, The Pangenomics Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Natural Sciences, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dave Edwards
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, The Pangenomics Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Wang C, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lu J. Muscadinia rotundifolia 'Noble' defense response to Plasmopara viticola inoculation by inducing phytohormone-mediated stilbene accumulation. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:95-107. [PMID: 28653245 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew (DM), one of the most devastating grape diseases worldwide, is caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Pv). In general, grapevine responds to Pv infection with the accumulation of phytoalexins as part of the innate immune system, and diverse phytoalexins are induced on grapevines with different DM-resistance levels in response to Pv invasion. However, the regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis during grapevine against Pv is still unclear. Herein, we detected stilbenes by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and found that resveratrol was accumulated to higher level and earlier in the DM-immune Muscadinia rotundifolia 'Noble' than that in the DM-susceptible Vitis vinifera 'Thompson Seedless' after Pv inoculation. Additionally, a considerable amount of pterostilbene and ε-viniferin was found in 'Noble', while a little was detected in 'Thompson Seedless'. Resveratrol was glycosylated into piceid both in 'Noble' and 'Thompson Seedless' after Pv inoculation. The qPCR analysis of gene expression indicated that the resveratrol-synthesis gene (STS) was induced by Pv inoculation earlier in 'Noble' than that in 'Thompson Seedless', while the pterostilbene-synthesis gene (ROMT) was induced in 'Noble' but not in 'Thompson Seedless' at all. The piceid-synthesis gene (GT) was generally up-regulated in both cultivars. Sequence analysis of STS, ROMT, and GT promoters revealed that they contained cis-regulatory elements responsive to phytohormones and pathogens. Following Pv inoculation, the level of SA, MeJA, and ABA was found to be consistently higher in 'Noble' than those in 'Thompson Seedless'. The results of exogenous hormone elicitation further demonstrated that the accumulation of stilbenes was regulated by phytohormones. The earlier and higher accumulation of phytohormones and consequent induction of stilbene synthesis may play an important role in grapevine defense against downy mildew disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxia Wang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, People's Republic of China.
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Pye MF, Dye SM, Resende RS, MacDonald JD, Bostock RM. Abscisic Acid as a Dominant Signal in Tomato During Salt Stress Predisposition to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 29740465 PMCID: PMC5924805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress predisposes plants to Phytophthora root and crown rot in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. We used the tomato-Phytophthora capsici interaction to examine zoospore chemoattraction and assessed expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) following a salt-stress episode. Although salt treatment enhances chemoattraction of tomato roots to zoospores, exudates from salt-stressed roots of ABA-deficient mutants, which do not display the predisposition phenotype, have a similar chemoattraction as exudates from salt-stressed, wild-type roots. This suggests that ABA action during predisposing stress enhances disease through effects on plant responses occurring after initial contact and during ingress by the pathogen. The expression of NCED1 (ABA synthesis) and TAS14 (ABA response) in roots generally corresponded to previously reported changes in root ABA levels during salt stress onset and recovery in a pattern that was not altered by infection by P. capsici. The PR genes, P4 and PI-2, hallmarks in tomato for SA and JA action, respectively, were induced in non-stressed roots during infection and strongly suppressed in infected roots exposed to salt-stress prior to inoculation. However, there was a similar proportional increase in pathogen colonization observed in salt-stressed plants relative to non-stressed plants in both wild-type and a SA-deficient nahG line. Unlike the other tomato cultivars used in this study that showed a strong predisposition phenotype, the processing tomato cv. 'Castlemart' and its JA mutants were not predisposed by salt. Salt stress predisposition to crown and root rot caused by P. capsici appears to be strongly conditioned by ABA-driven mechanisms in tomato, with the stress compromising SA-and JA-mediated defense-related gene expression during P. capsici infection.
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Buonassisi D, Perazzolli M, Peressotti E, Tadiello A, Musetti R, Velasco R, Cantù D, Vezzulli S. Grapevine downy mildew dual epidemics: a leaf and inflorescence transcriptomics study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2017.1188.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yin L, Qu J, Deng S, Liu S, Lu J, Zhang Y. Phytohormone and genome variations in Vitis amurensis resistant to downy mildew. Genome 2017; 60:791-796. [PMID: 28727939 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew (DM) resistance is a highly desirable agronomic trait in grape breeding. High variation in Plasmopara viticola resistance was found in Vitis cultivars. Some accessions show high P. viticola resistance even under conditions highly conducive to DM. Here, leaf disc inoculation experiments revealed that Vitis amurensis 'Zuoshaner' exhibited DM resistance with necrotic spots, whereas the V. amurensis × V. vinifera hybrid cultivar 'Zuoyouhong' was susceptible. Changes in plant hormones accumulation profiles differed between the cultivars. To investigate the genetic mechanisms related to DM resistance, we performed genome-wide sequencing of 'Zuoshaner' and 'Zuoyouhong' and identified cultivar-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions/deletions (indels), structural variations (SVs), and copy number variations (CNVs), identifying 5399 SVs and 191 CNVs specific for 'Zuoshaner'. Genes affected by these genetic variations were enriched in biological processes, including defense response and response to stress and stimulation, and were associated with sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. Additionally, indels and SVs were detected in six NBS-LRR disease resistance genes, and a CNV was mapped to the Rpv8 locus responsible for downy mildew resistance. These findings further our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying grape mildew resistance, and will facilitate genomic marker-assisted breeding for improved V. amurensis cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- a Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Junjie Qu
- a Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shuhan Deng
- b College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- b College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- a Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.,c Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200024, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- b College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Abdelrahman M, Suzumura N, Mitoma M, Matsuo S, Ikeuchi T, Mori M, Murakami K, Ozaki Y, Matsumoto M, Uragami A, Kanno A. Comparative de novo transcriptome profiles in Asparagus officinalis and A. kiusianus during the early stage of Phomopsis asparagi infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2608. [PMID: 28572584 PMCID: PMC5453997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagus kiusianus, an important wild relative of cultivated asparagus (A. officinalis), exhibits resistance to stem blight disease caused by Phomopsis asparagi. However, the mechanisms underlying this resistance are not understood and no transcriptomic or genetic resources are available for this species. De novo transcriptome sequencing of A. officinalis and A. kiusianus stems was performed 24 h after inoculation with P. asparagi. In total, 35,259 and 36,321 transcripts were annotated in A. officinalis and A. kiusianus, respectively. 1,027 up-regulated and 752 down-regulated transcripts were differentially expressed in the two Asparagus species. RNA sequencing data were validated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Several defense-related genes including peroxidase 4, cationic peroxidase SPC4-like, pathogenesis-related protein-1-like, and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling-related genes including phospholipase D alpha 1, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase and jasmonate-induced protein 23 KD were up-regulated in A. kiusianus relative to A. officinalis. In addition, infected A. kiusianuns exhibited a substantial increase in jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate relative to A. officinalis. Peroxidase activity was significantly elevated in infected A. kiusianus compared with infected A. officinalis. Our transcriptomic database provides a resource for identifying novel genes and molecular markers-associated with Phomopsis disease resistance and will facilitate breeding and improvement of cultivated asparagus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
| | - Naoyuki Suzumura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mai Mitoma
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuo
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie, 514-2392, Japan
| | - Takao Ikeuchi
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Mori
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306, Japan
| | - Kyoko Murakami
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306, Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 811-2307, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Atsuko Uragami
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8519, Japan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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Diniz I, Figueiredo A, Loureiro A, Batista D, Azinheira H, Várzea V, Pereira AP, Gichuru E, Moncada P, Guerra-Guimarães L, Oliveira H, Silva MDC. A first insight into the involvement of phytohormones pathways in coffee resistance and susceptibility to Colletotrichum kahawae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178159. [PMID: 28542545 PMCID: PMC5438148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying coffee-pathogen interactions are of key importance to aid disease resistance breeding efforts. In this work the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathways were studied in hypocotyls of two coffee varieties challenged with the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum kahawae, the causal agent of Coffee Berry Disease. Based on a cytological analysis, key time-points of the infection process were selected and qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of phytohormones biosynthesis, reception and responsive-related genes. The resistance to C. kahawae was characterized by restricted fungal growth associated with early accumulation of phenolic compounds in the cell walls and cytoplasmic contents, and deployment of hypersensitive reaction. Similar responses were detected in the susceptible variety, but in a significantly lower percentage of infection sites and with no apparent effect on disease development. Gene expression analysis suggests a more relevant involvement of JA and ET phytohormones than SA in this pathosystem. An earlier and stronger activation of the JA pathway observed in the resistant variety, when compared with the susceptible one, seems to be responsible for the successful activation of defense responses and inhibition of fungal growth. For the ET pathway, the down or non-regulation of ET receptors in the resistant variety, together with a moderate expression of the responsive-related gene ERF1, indicates that this phytohormone may be related with other functions besides the resistance response. However, in the susceptible variety, the stronger activation of ERF1 gene at the beginning of the necrotrophic phase, suggests the involvement of ET in tissue senescence. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to unveil the role of phytohormones in coffee-C. kahawae interactions, thus contributing to deepen our understanding on the complex mechanisms of plant signaling and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Diniz
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Loureiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Azinheira
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pereira
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elijah Gichuru
- Coffee Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Ruiru, Kenya
| | - Pilar Moncada
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café (Cenicafé), Manizales, Colombia
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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