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Aryal S, Grießinger J, Gaire NP, Bhattarai T, Bräuning A. Drought, temperature, and moisture availability: understanding the drivers of isotopic decoupling in native pine species of the Nepalese Himalaya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1093-1108. [PMID: 38441667 PMCID: PMC11108894 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The Himalayas experienced long-term climate changes and recent extreme weather events that affected plant growth and the physiology of tree species at high-elevation sites. This study presents the first statistically robust δ18OTR chronologies for two native pine species, Pinus roxburghii, and Pinus wallichiana, in the lower Nepalese Himalaya. The isotope chronologies exhibited 0.88‰ differences in overall mean isotope values attributed to varying elevations (460-2000 m asl). Comparative analysis of climate response using data sets from different sources and resolutions revealed the superiority of the APHRODITE (Asian Precipitation - Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation) data set calibrated for the South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM)-dominated region. Both species exhibited negative correlations with monsoon precipitation and positive correlations with temperature. However, during the peak monsoon season (July-August), daily resolved climate data disentangled statistically insignificant relationships, and revealed that δ18OTR is influenced by atmospheric moisture. Both congeneric species showed a decoupling between the chronologies after 1995. However, no significant change in air moisture origin and monsoon regime between the study sites was observed, indicating a consistent dominant moisture source during different monsoon seasons. Besides, we also observed the decreased inter-series correlation of both δ18OTR chronologies after 1995, with P. wallichiana experiencing a steeper decrease than P. roxburghii. The weakening correlations between and within the chronologies coincided with a regional drought during 1993-1995 in both sites, highlighting the strong regulation of local climate on the impact of regional extreme climate events. Our findings emphasise the importance of employing climate data with optimal spatial and temporal resolution for improved δ18OTR-climate relationships at the intra-annual scale while considering the influence of site-specific local environmental conditions. Assessing climate data sets with station data is vital for accurately interpreting climate change's impact on forest response and long-term climate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Aryal
- Institute für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jussi Grießinger
- Institute für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Achim Bräuning
- Institute für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Khudykh TA, Belokopytova LV, Yang B, Kholdaenko YA, Babushkina EA, Vaganov EA. New Methods in Digital Wood Anatomy: The Use of Pixel-Contrast Densitometry with Example of Angiosperm Shrubs in Southern Siberia. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:223. [PMID: 38666835 PMCID: PMC11048334 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This methodological study describes the adaptation of a new method in digital wood anatomy, pixel-contrast densitometry, for angiosperm species. The new method was tested on eight species of shrubs and small trees in Southern Siberia, whose wood structure varies from ring-porous to diffuse-porous, with different spatial organizations of vessels. A two-step transformation of wood cross-section photographs by smoothing and Otsu's classification algorithm was proposed to separate images into cell wall areas and empty spaces within (lumen) and between cells. Good synchronicity between measurements within the ring allowed us to create profiles of wood porosity (proportion of empty spaces) describing the growth ring structure and capturing inter-annual differences between rings. For longer-lived species, 14-32-year series from at least ten specimens were measured. Their analysis revealed that maximum (for all wood types), mean, and minimum porosity (for diffuse-porous wood) in the ring have common external signals, mostly independent of ring width, i.e., they can be used as ecological indicators. Further research directions include a comparison of this method with other approaches in densitometry, clarification of sample processing, and the extraction of ecologically meaningful data from wood structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey A. Khudykh
- Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.A.K.); (Y.A.K.); (E.A.B.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Liliana V. Belokopytova
- Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.A.K.); (Y.A.K.); (E.A.B.); (E.A.V.)
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 655017 Abakan, Russia
| | - Bao Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Yulia A. Kholdaenko
- Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.A.K.); (Y.A.K.); (E.A.B.); (E.A.V.)
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 655017 Abakan, Russia
| | - Elena A. Babushkina
- Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.A.K.); (Y.A.K.); (E.A.B.); (E.A.V.)
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 655017 Abakan, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Vaganov
- Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.A.K.); (Y.A.K.); (E.A.B.); (E.A.V.)
- Department of Dendroecology, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Unterholzner L, Castagneri D, Cerrato R, Știrbu MI, Roibu CC, Carrer M. Climate response of a glacial relict conifer across its distribution range is invariant in space but not in time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167512. [PMID: 37813259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change impacts on forest trees will be particularly severe for relict species endemic to the subalpine forest, such as Pinus cembra in the Alps and Carpathians. Most current knowledge about the response of this species to climate comes from tree-ring width analysis. However, this approach cannot perform in-depth and highly time-resolved analysis on the climate influence on specific growth processes and xylem functions. We analyzed xylem anatomical traits from six sites covering most of the longitudinal range of this species. Associations between climate and cell number, lumen area and cell wall thickness were computed for the 1920-2010 period using climate records aligned to degree-day temperature sum thresholds. The anatomical chronologies were clearly distinct between the Alps and Carpathians. However, climate responses were similar for all sites, suggesting common species-specific response mechanisms. Temperature showed a positive correlation with both cell number and cell wall thickness. Cell lumen size exhibited an early positive association, followed by strong negative association with temperature and a positive one with precipitation. This highlights that the cell enlargement process was negatively related to high temperature at high elevation, where meristematic processes are rather supposed to be constrained by low temperatures. Therefore, long-term climate warming can have negative consequences on the xylem potential to transport water at all investigated sites. Moreover, in the last 30 years, we observed a slight anticipation of some responses and a decrease in climate sensitivity of some xylem parameters. Our findings provide evidence of temporally unstable but spatially consistent climate response of Pinus cembra from the Alps to the Carpathians. The low diversity in xylem phenotypic responses to climate suggests that future warming could extensively and evenly affect the species throughout its entire distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Unterholzner
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 8, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Daniele Castagneri
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cerrato
- Department of Earth Sciences (DST), University of Pisa, via S. Maria 53, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marian-Ionuț Știrbu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, "Ștefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Universității street, no. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Cătălin-Constantin Roibu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, "Ștefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Universității street, no. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Marco Carrer
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Lopez-Saez J, Corona C, von Arx G, Fonti P, Slamova L, Stoffel M. Tree-ring anatomy of Pinus cembra trees opens new avenues for climate reconstructions in the European Alps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158605. [PMID: 36116650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings form the backbone of high-resolution palaeoclimatology and represent one of the most frequently used proxy to reconstruct climate variability of the Common Era. In the European Alps, reconstructions were often based on tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) series, with a focus on European larch. By contrast, only a very limited number of dendroclimatic studies exists for long-lived, multi-centennial Pinus cembra, despite the widespread occurrence of the species at treeline sites across the European Alps. This lack of reconstructions can be ascribed to the difficulties encountered in past studies in extracting a robust climate signal from TRW and MXD chronologies. In this study, we tested various wood anatomical parameters from P. cembra as proxies for the reconstruction of past air temperatures. To this end, we measured anatomical cell parameters and TRW of old-growth trees from the God da Tamangur forest stand, known for being the highest pure, and continuous P. cembra forest in Europe. We demonstrate that several wood anatomical parameters allow robust reconstruction of past temperature variability at annual to multidecadal timescales. Best results are obtained with maximum latewood radial cell wall thickness (CWTrad) measured at 40 μm radial band width. Over the 1920-2017 period, the CWTrad chronology explains 62 % and >80 % of interannual and decadal variability of air temperatures during a time window corresponding roughly with the growing season. These values exceed those found in past work on P. cembra and even exceed the values reported for MXD chronologies built with L. decidua and hitherto considered the gold standard for dendroclimatic reconstructions in the European Alps. The wood anatomical analysis of P. cembra records therefore unveils a dormant potential and opens new avenues for a species that has been considered unsuitable for climate reconstructions so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lopez-Saez
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Corona
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS Geolab UMR 6042, 63057 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georg von Arx
- Dendrosciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Dendrosciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Slamova
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Power CC, Assmann JJ, Prendin AL, Treier UA, Kerby JT, Normand S. Improving ecological insights from dendroecological studies of Arctic shrub dynamics: Research gaps and potential solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158008. [PMID: 35988628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change has been driving changes in Arctic vegetation in recent decades, with increased shrub dominance in many tundra ecosystems. Dendroecological observations of tundra shrubs can provide insight into current and past growth and recruitment patterns, both key components for understanding and predicting ongoing and future Arctic shrub dynamics. However, generalizing these dynamics is challenging as they are highly scale-dependent and vary among sites, species, and individuals. Here, we provide a perspective on how some of these challenges can be overcome. Based on a targeted literature search of dendrochronological studies from 2005 to 2022, we highlight five research gaps that currently limit dendro-based studies from revealing cross-scale ecological insight into shrub dynamics across the Arctic biome. We further discuss the related research priorities, suggesting that future studies could consider: 1) increasing focus on intra- and interspecific variation, 2) including demographic responses other than radial growth, 3) incorporating drivers, in addition to warming, at different spatial and temporal scales, 4) implementing systematic and unbiased sampling approaches, and 5) investigating the cellular mechanisms behind the observed responses. Focusing on these aspects in dendroecological studies could improve the value of the field for addressing cross-scale and plant community-framed ecological questions. We outline how this could be facilitated through the integration of community-based dendroecology and dendroanatomy with remote sensing approaches. Integrating new technologies and a more multidisciplinary approach in dendroecological research could provide key opportunities to close important knowledge gaps in our understanding of scale-dependencies, as well as intra- and inter-specific variation, in vegetation community dynamics across the Arctic tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C Power
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jakob J Assmann
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Angela L Prendin
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Urs A Treier
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey T Kerby
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Signe Normand
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Pérez-de-Lis G, Rathgeber CBK, Fernández-de-Uña L, Ponton S. Cutting tree rings into time slices: how intra-annual dynamics of wood formation help decipher the space-for-time conversion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1520-1534. [PMID: 34797916 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree-ring anatomy, microdensity and isotope records provide valuable intra-annual information. However, extracting signals at that scale is challenged by the complexity of xylogenesis, where two major processes - cell enlargement and wall thickening - occur at different times and rates. We characterized the space-for-time association in the tree rings of three conifer species by examining the duration, overlapping, inter-tree synchronicity and interannual stability during cell enlargement and wall thickening across regular tree-ring sectors (portions of equal tangential width). The number of cells and cell differentiation rates determined the duration of sector formation, which augmented more rapidly throughout the ring for wall thickening than for enlargement. Increasing the number of sectors above c. 15 had a limited effect on improving time resolution because consecutive sector formation overlapped greatly in time, especially in narrow rings and during wall thickening. Increasing the number of sectors also resulted in lower synchronicity and stability of intermediate-sector enlargement, whereas all sectors showed high synchronicity and stability during wall thickening. Increasing the number of sectors had a stronger effect on enhancing time-series resolution for enlargement- than for wall-thickening-related traits, which would nevertheless produce more reliable intra-annual chronologies as a result of the more similar calendars across trees and years in wall thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis
- SILVA, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
- BIOAPLIC, Departamento de Botánica, EPSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, Lugo, 27002, Spain
| | - Cyrille B K Rathgeber
- SILVA, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Laura Fernández-de-Uña
- SILVA, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Stéphane Ponton
- SILVA, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
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Arnič D, Gričar J, Jevšenak J, Božič G, von Arx G, Prislan P. Different Wood Anatomical and Growth Responses in European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) at Three Forest Sites in Slovenia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:669229. [PMID: 34381473 PMCID: PMC8349990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) adapts to local growing conditions to enhance its performance. In response to variations in climatic conditions, beech trees adjust leaf phenology, cambial phenology, and wood formation patterns, which result in different tree-ring widths (TRWs) and wood anatomy. Chronologies of tree ring width and vessel features [i.e., mean vessel area (MVA), vessel density (VD), and relative conductive area (RCTA)] were produced for the 1960-2016 period for three sites that differ in climatic regimes and spring leaf phenology (two early- and one late-flushing populations). These data were used to investigate long-term relationships between climatic conditions and anatomical features of four quarters of tree-rings at annual and intra-annual scales. In addition, we investigated how TRW and vessel features adjust in response to extreme weather events (i.e., summer drought). We found significant differences in TRW, VD, and RCTA among the selected sites. Precipitation and maximum temperature before and during the growing season were the most important climatic factors affecting TRW and vessel characteristics. We confirmed differences in climate-growth relationships between the selected sites, late flushing beech population at Idrija showing the least pronounced response to climate. MVA was the only vessel trait that showed no relationship with TRW or other vessel features. The relationship between MVA and climatic factors evaluated at intra-annual scale indicated that vessel area in the first quarter of tree-ring were mainly influenced by climatic conditions in the previous growing season, while vessel area in the second to fourth quarters of tree ring width was mainly influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation in the current growing season. When comparing wet and dry years, beech from all sites showed a similar response, with reduced TRW and changes in intra-annual variation in vessel area. Our findings suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as predicted by most climate change scenarios will affect tree-ring increments and wood structure in beech, yet the response between sites or populations may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domen Arnič
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jevšenak
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Božič
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Gebregeorgis EG, Boniecka J, Pia̧tkowski M, Robertson I, Rathgeber CBK. SabaTracheid 1.0: A Novel Program for Quantitative Analysis of Conifer Wood Anatomy - A Demonstration on African Juniper From the Blue Nile Basin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:595258. [PMID: 33815433 PMCID: PMC8013728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.595258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about past climates, especially at a seasonal time scale, is important as it allows informed decisions to be made to mitigate future climate change. However, globally, and especially in semi-arid Tropics, instrumental climatic data are scarce. A dendroclimatic approach may fill this gap, but tropical dendrochronological data are rare and do not yet provide fine resolution intra-annual information about past climates. Unlike in the Tropics, in the Mediterranean, temperate, alpine, and arctic regions, dendroanatomy and quantitative wood anatomy (QWA) are progressing fast attaining an intra-annual resolution, which allows a better understanding of seasonal climate dynamics and climate-growth relationships. The existing dendroanatomical and QWA methods aren't suitable for tropical trees because they do not consider the high variation in tree ring width and the frequent occurrence of micro-rings containing only a few tracheids per radial file. The available tracheid analysis programs generally fail to provide multiple sectors for micro-rings and they are unable to compute most of the useful dendroanatomical parameters at fine temporal resolutions. Here, we present a program (SabaTracheid) that addresses the three main standard tasks that are necessary for QWA and dendroanatomy before running a climate analysis: (1) tracheidogram standardization, (2) sectoring, and (3) computing QWA and dendroanatomical variables. SabaTracheid is demonstrated on African Juniper (Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl), but it is potentially able to provide fine-resolution QWA and dendroanatomic data that could be used for dendroanatomical studies in all regions of the world. SabaTracheid is a freeware that quickly and accurately standardizes tracheidograms, divides tree rings into multiple regular sectors, computes useful dendroanatomic and QWA variables for the whole tree rings, early- and latewood portions, and each sector separately. This program is particularly adapted to deal with high inter-annual growth variations observed in tropical trees so that it assures the provision of complete sectoral QWA and dendroanatomical data for micro-rings as well. We demonstrate SabaTracheid using a dataset of 30 Juniperus procera tree rings from the Blue Nile basin, in Ethiopia. SabaTracheid's ability to provide fine resolution QWA and dendroanatomic data will help the discipline develop in tropical as well as in the Mediterranean and temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob Gebrehiwot Gebregeorgis
- Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Justyna Boniecka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Pia̧tkowski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Iain Robertson
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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9
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D'Andrea E, Rezaie N, Prislan P, Gričar J, Collalti A, Muhr J, Matteucci G. Frost and drought: Effects of extreme weather events on stem carbon dynamics in a Mediterranean beech forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2365-2379. [PMID: 32705694 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of short-term extreme events on tree functioning and physiology are still rather elusive. European beech is one of the most sensitive species to late frost and water shortage. We investigated the intra-annual C dynamics in stems under such conditions. Wood formation and stem CO2 efflux were monitored in a Mediterranean beech forest for 3 years (2015-2017), including a late frost (2016) and a summer drought (2017). The late frost reduced radial growth and, consequently, the amount of carbon fixed in the stem biomass by 80%. Stem carbon dioxide efflux in 2016 was reduced by 25%, which can be attributed to the reduction of effluxes due to growth respiration. Counter to our expectations, we found no effects of the 2017 summer drought on radial growth and stem carbon efflux. The studied extreme weather events had various effects on tree growth. Even though late spring frost had a strong impact on beech radial growth in the current year, trees fully recovered in the following growing season, indicating high resilience of beech to this stressful event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore D'Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, Naples, Italy
| | - Negar Rezaie
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, Naples, Italy
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jan Muhr
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, Naples, Italy
- Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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10
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Piermattei A, von Arx G, Avanzi C, Fonti P, Gärtner H, Piotti A, Urbinati C, Vendramin GG, Büntgen U, Crivellaro A. Functional Relationships of Wood Anatomical Traits in Norway Spruce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:683. [PMID: 32528514 PMCID: PMC7266088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative assessment of wood anatomical traits offers important insights into those factors that shape tree growth. While it is known that conduit diameter, cell wall thickness, and wood density vary substantially between and within species, the interconnection between wood anatomical traits, tree-ring width, tree height and age, as well as environment effects on wood anatomy remain unclear. Here, we measure and derived 65 wood anatomical traits in cross-sections of the five outermost tree rings (2008-2012) of 30 Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] trees growing along an altitudinal gradient (1,400-1,750 m a.s.l.) in the northern Apennines (Italy). We assess the relationship among each anatomical trait and between anatomical trait groups according to their function for (i) tree-ring growth, (ii) cell growth, (iii) hydraulic traits, and (iv) mechanical traits. The results show that tree height significantly affects wood hydraulic traits, as well as number and tangential diameter of tracheids, and ultimately the total ring width. Moreover, the amount of earlywood and latewood percentage influence wood hydraulic safety and efficiency, as well as mechanical traits. Mechanically relevant wood anatomical traits are mainly influenced by tree age, not necessarily correlated with tree height. An additional level of complexity is also indicated by some anatomical traits, such as latewood lumen diameter and the cell wall reinforcement index, showing large inter-annual variation as a proxy of phenotypic plasticity. This study unravels the complex interconnection of tree-ring tracheid structure and identifies anatomical traits showing a large inter-individual variation and a strong interannual coherency. Knowing and quantifying anatomical variation in cells of plant stem is crucial in ecological and biological studies for an appropriate interpretation of abiotic drivers of wood formation often related to tree height and/or tree age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Piermattei
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Avanzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Italian National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Holger Gärtner
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Italian National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Urbinati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alan Crivellaro
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Lange J, Carrer M, Pisaric MFJ, Porter TJ, Seo JW, Trouillier M, Wilmking M. Moisture-driven shift in the climate sensitivity of white spruce xylem anatomical traits is coupled to large-scale oscillation patterns across northern treeline in northwest North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1842-1856. [PMID: 31799729 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth at northern treelines is generally temperature-limited due to cold and short growing seasons. However, temperature-induced drought stress was repeatedly reported for certain regions of the boreal forest in northwestern North America, provoked by a significant increase in temperature and possibly reinforced by a regime shift of the pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The aim of this study is to better understand physiological growth reactions of white spruce, a dominant species of the North American boreal forest, to PDO regime shifts using quantitative wood anatomy and traditional tree-ring width (TRW) analysis. We investigated white spruce growth at latitudinal treeline across a >1,000 km gradient in northwestern North America. Functionally important xylem anatomical traits (lumen area, cell-wall thickness, cell number) and TRW were correlated with the drought-sensitive standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index of the growing season. Correlations were computed separately for complete phases of the PDO in the 20th century, representing alternating warm/dry (1925-1946), cool/wet (1947-1976) and again warm/dry (1977-1998) climate regimes. Xylem anatomical traits revealed water-limiting conditions in both warm/dry PDO regimes, while no or spatially contrasting associations were found for the cool/wet regime, indicating a moisture-driven shift in growth-limiting factors between PDO periods. TRW reflected only the last shift of 1976/1977, suggesting different climate thresholds and a higher sensitivity to moisture availability of xylem anatomical traits compared to TRW. This high sensitivity of xylem anatomical traits permits to identify first signs of moisture-driven growth in treeline white spruce at an early stage, suggesting quantitative wood anatomy being a powerful tool to study climate change effects in the northwestern North American treeline ecotone. Projected temperature increase might challenge growth performance of white spruce as a key component of the North American boreal forest biome in the future, when drier conditions are likely to occur with higher frequency and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lange
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Carrer
- Department TESAF, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael F J Pisaric
- Department of Geography and Tourism Studies, Brock University, Saint Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Porter
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Jeong-Wook Seo
- Department of Wood & Paper Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Spring Season in Western Nepal Himalaya is not yet Warming: A 400-Year Temperature Reconstruction Based on Tree-Ring Widths of Himalayan Hemlock (Tsuga dumosa). ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Himalayan region has already witnessed profound climate changes detectable in the cryosphere and the hydrological cycle, already resulting in drastic socio-economic impacts. We developed a 619-yea-long tree-ring-width chronology from the central Nepal Himalaya, spanning the period 1399–2017 CE. However, due to low replication of the early part of the chronology, only the section after 1600 CE was used for climate reconstruction. Proxy climate relationships indicate that temperature conditions during spring (March–May) are the main forcing factor for tree growth of Tsuga dumosa at the study site. We developed a robust climate reconstruction model and reconstructed spring temperatures for the period 1600–2017 CE. Our reconstruction showed cooler conditions during 1658–1681 CE, 1705–1722 CE, 1753–1773 CE, 1796–1874 CE, 1900–1936 CE, and 1973 CE. Periods with comparably warmer conditions occurred in 1600–1625 CE, 1633–1657 CE, 1682–1704 CE, 1740–1752 CE, 1779–1795 CE, 1936–1945 CE, 1956–1972 CE, and at the beginning of the 21st century. Tropical volcanic eruptions showed only a sporadic impact on the reconstructed temperature. Also, no consistent temperature trend was evident since 1600 CE. Our temperature reconstruction showed positive teleconnections with March–May averaged gridded temperature data for far west Nepal and adjacent areas in Northwest India and on the Southwest Tibetan plateau. We found spectral periodicities of 2.75–4 and 40–65 years frequencies in our temperature reconstruction, indicating that past climate variability in central Nepal might have been influenced by large-scale climate modes, like the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
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13
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Perga ME, Bruel R, Rodriguez L, Guénand Y, Bouffard D. Storm impacts on alpine lakes: Antecedent weather conditions matter more than the event intensity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5004-5016. [PMID: 29974996 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events may be just as important as gradual trends for the long-term trajectories of ecosystems. For alpine lakes, which are exposed to both exacerbated atmospheric warming and intense episodic weather events, future conditions might not be appropriately forecast by only climate change trends, i.e. warming, if extreme events have the potential to deflect their thermal and metabolic states from their seasonal ranges. We used high-frequency monitoring data over three open-water seasons with a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the high-altitude Lake Muzelle (France) to show that rainstorms or windstorms, notwithstanding their intensity, did not trigger long-lasting consequences to the lake characteristics when light penetration into the lake was not modified. In contrast, storms associated with high turbidity input from the watershed ("turbid storms") strongly modified the lacustrine hydrodynamics and metabolism for the rest of the open-water season through reduced light penetration. The long-lasting effects of turbid storms were related to the inputs and in-lake persistence of very light glacial suspensoids from the watershed. The occurrence of the observed turbid storms was not related to the wind or rain intensities during the events. Instead, the turbid storms occurred after dry and atypically warm spells, i.e. meteorological conditions expected to be more frequent in this alpine region in the upcoming decades. Consequently, storm events, notwithstanding their intensity, are expected to strongly imprint the future ecological status of alpine lakes under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elodie Perga
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA-University Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon les Bains, France
| | - Rosalie Bruel
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA-University Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon les Bains, France
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA-University Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon les Bains, France
| | - Yann Guénand
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA-University Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon les Bains, France
- SEGULA Technologies, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Damien Bouffard
- Department of Surface Waters Research and Management, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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14
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Carrer M, Unterholzner L, Castagneri D. Wood anatomical traits highlight complex temperature influence on Pinus cembra at high elevation in the Eastern Alps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:1745-1753. [PMID: 29961923 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate sensitivity of populations at the margins of their distribution range is of key importance to understand species' responses to future warming conditions. Pinus cembra is of particular interest being a typical high-elevation taxon, spread with mostly scattered populations within its actual range, but still overlooked in traditional dendrochronological researches due to low tree-ring variability and climate sensitivity. With a different approach, we analyzed time series of xylem anatomical traits, split into intra-ring sectors, and used daily climate records over 89 years (1926-2014) aiming to improve the quality and time resolution of the climate/growth associations. From nine trees growing at their altitudinal limit and on 1.5 × 106 tracheids, we measured ring width (MRW), cell number per ring, lumen area (LA), and cell-wall thickness (CWT). We then computed correlations with monthly and fortnightly climate data. Late-spring and summer temperature emerged as the most important factors. LA and especially CWT showed a stronger temperature response than MRW, starting in mid-May and early June, respectively. CWT also evidenced the longest period of correlations with temperature and a significant difference between latewood radial and tangential walls. Analysis of xylem anatomical traits at intra-ring level and the use of daily temperature records proved to be useful for high resolution and detailed climate/growth association inferences in Pinus cembra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carrer
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dip. TeSAF - Agripolis, I-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Unterholzner
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dip. TeSAF - Agripolis, I-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Daniele Castagneri
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dip. TeSAF - Agripolis, I-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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15
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Heer K, Behringer D, Piermattei A, Bässler C, Brandl R, Fady B, Jehl H, Liepelt S, Lorch S, Piotti A, Vendramin G, Weller M, Ziegenhagen B, Büntgen U, Opgenoorth L. Linking dendroecology and association genetics in natural populations: Stress responses archived in tree rings associate with SNP genotypes in silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1428-1438. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Heer
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - D. Behringer
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - A. Piermattei
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences; Marche Polytechnic University; Ancona Italy
- Dendro Science; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - C. Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park; Grafenau Germany
| | - R. Brandl
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - B. Fady
- INRA; UR Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes; Avignon France
| | - H. Jehl
- Bavarian Forest National Park; Grafenau Germany
| | - S. Liepelt
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - S. Lorch
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - A. Piotti
- National Research Council; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; Firenze Italy
| | - G.G. Vendramin
- National Research Council; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; Firenze Italy
| | - M. Weller
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - B. Ziegenhagen
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - U. Büntgen
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Dendro Science; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
- CzechGlobe, Global Change Research Institute CAS and Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - L. Opgenoorth
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
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16
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Carrer M, Castagneri D, Prendin AL, Petit G, von Arx G. Retrospective Analysis of Wood Anatomical Traits Reveals a Recent Extension in Tree Cambial Activity in Two High-Elevation Conifers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:737. [PMID: 28533792 PMCID: PMC5420594 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of xylogenesis or wood formation is a powerful, yet labor intensive monitoring approach to investigate intra-annual tree growth responses to environmental factors. However, it seldom covers more than a few growing seasons, so is in contrast to the much longer lifespan of woody plants and the time scale of many environmental processes. Here we applied a novel retrospective approach to test the long-term (1926-2012) consistency in the timing of onset and ending of cambial activity, and in the maximum cambial cell division rate in two conifer species, European larch and Norway spruce at high-elevation in the Alps. We correlated daily temperature with time series of cell number and lumen area partitioned into intra-annual sectors. For both species, we found a good correspondence (1-10 days offset) between the periods when anatomical traits had significant correlations with temperature in recent decades (1969-2012) and available xylogenesis data (1996-2005), previously collected at the same site. Yet, results for the 1926-1968 period indicate a later onset and earlier ending of the cambial activity by 6-30 days. Conversely, the peak in the correlation between annual cell number and temperature, which should correspond to the peak in secondary growth rate, was quite stable over time, with just a minor advance of 4-5 days in the recent decades. Our analyses on time series of wood anatomical traits proved useful to infer on past long-term changes in xylogenetic phases. Combined with intensive continuous monitoring, our approach will improve the understanding of tree responses to climate variability in both the short- and long-term context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carrer
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Castagneri
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Angela L. Prendin
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Giai Petit
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
- Climatic Change and Climate Impacts, Institute for Environmental SciencesGeneva, Switzerland
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17
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Ziaco E, Biondi F, Heinrich I. Wood Cellular Dendroclimatology: Testing New Proxies in Great Basin Bristlecone Pine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1602. [PMID: 27826315 PMCID: PMC5078726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dendroclimatic proxies can be generated from the analysis of wood cellular structures, allowing for a more complete understanding of the physiological mechanisms that control the climatic response of tree species. Century-long (1870-2013) time series of anatomical parameters were developed for Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey) by capturing strongly contrasted microscopic images through a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. Environmental information embedded in wood anatomical series was analyzed in comparison with ring-width series using measures of empirical signal strength. Response functions were calculated against monthly climatic variables to evaluate climate sensitivity of cellular features (e.g., lumen area; lumen diameter) for the period 1950-2013. Calibration-verification tests were used to determine the potential to generate long climate reconstructions from these anatomical proxies. A total of eight tree-ring parameters (two ring-width and six chronologies of xylem anatomical parameters) were analyzed. Synchronous variability among samples varied among tree-ring parameters, usually decreasing from ring-width to anatomical features. Cellular parameters linked to plant hydraulic performance (e.g., tracheid lumen area and radial lumen diameter) showed empirical signal strength similar to ring-width series, while noise was predominant in chronologies of lumen tangential width and cell wall thickness. Climatic signals were different between anatomical and ring-width chronologies, revealing a positive and temporally stable correlation of tracheid size (i.e., lumen and cell diameter) with monthly (i.e., March) and seasonal precipitation. In particular, tracheid lumen diameter emerged as a reliable moisture indicator and was then used to reconstruct total March-August precipitation from 1870 to 2013. Wood anatomy holds great potential to refine and expand dendroclimatic records by allowing estimates of plant physiological adaptations to external stressors. Integrating xylem cellular features with ring-width chronologies can widen our understanding of past climatic variability (including annual extreme events) and improve the evaluation of long-term plant response to drought, especially in connection with future warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ingo Heinrich
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geography, Humboldt-UniversityBerlin, Germany
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