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Prusty A, Panchal A, Singh RK, Prasad M. Major transcription factor families at the nexus of regulating abiotic stress response in millets: a comprehensive review. PLANTA 2024; 259:118. [PMID: 38592589 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Millets stand out as a sustainable crop with the potential to address the issues of food insecurity and malnutrition. These small-seeded, drought-resistant cereals have adapted to survive a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses. Researchers are keen on unravelling the regulatory mechanisms that empower millets to withstand environmental adversities. The aim is to leverage these identified genetic determinants from millets for enhancing the stress tolerance of major cereal crops through genetic engineering or breeding. This review sheds light on transcription factors (TFs) that govern diverse abiotic stress responses and play role in conferring tolerance to various abiotic stresses in millets. Specifically, the molecular functions and expression patterns of investigated TFs from various families, including bHLH, bZIP, DREB, HSF, MYB, NAC, NF-Y and WRKY, are comprehensively discussed. It also explores the potential of TFs in developing stress-tolerant crops, presenting a comprehensive discussion on diverse strategies for their integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Prusty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anurag Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Roshan Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, Garh Kamalpur, West Bengal, 721628, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito-Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Kumar V, Singh B, Kumar Singh R, Sharma N, Muthamilarasan M, Sawant SV, Prasad M. Histone deacetylase 9 interacts with SiHAT3.1 and SiHDA19 to repress dehydration responses through H3K9 deacetylation in foxtail millet. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1098-1111. [PMID: 37889853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change inflicts several stresses on plants, of which dehydration stress severely affects growth and productivity. C4 plants possess better adaptability to dehydration stress; however, the role of epigenetic modifications underlying this trait is unclear. In particular, the molecular links between histone modifiers and their regulation remain elusive. In this study, genome-wide H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) enrichment using ChIP-sequencing was performed in two foxtail millet cultivars with contrasting dehydration tolerances (IC403579, cv. IC4-tolerant, and IC480117, cv. IC41-sensitive). It revealed that a histone deacetylase, SiHDA9, was significantly up-regulated in the sensitive cultivar. Further characterization indicated that SiHDA9 interacts with SiHAT3.1 and SiHDA19 to form a repressor complex. SiHDA9 might be recruited through the SiHAT3.1 recognition sequence onto the upstream of dehydration-responsive genes to decrease H3K9 acetylation levels. The silencing of SiHDA9 resulted in the up-regulation of crucial genes, namely, SiRAB18, SiRAP2.4, SiP5CS2, SiRD22, SiPIP1;4, and SiLHCB2.3, which imparted dehydration tolerance in the sensitive cultivar (IC41). Overall, the study provides mechanistic insights into SiHDA9-mediated regulation of dehydration stress response in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verandra Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roshan Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | | | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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Singh H, Aalam Z, Baheti SR, Chaudhary A, Sharma A, Murthy SN. Exploring Scientific Validation of Millets in Contemporary Healthcare: A Traditional Food Supplement. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:2-12. [PMID: 38258781 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x265711231109195603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Millets, small-seeded grasses, are gaining interest for their nutrition and health benefits. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of millets' pharmacological activities, highlighting their rich bioactive compounds. These compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and dietary fibers, contribute to antioxidant effects, safeguarding against chronic diseases. Millets also possess anti-inflammatory properties, potentially alleviating conditions, like arthritis and asthma. They show anti-carcinogenic potential, possibly preventing various cancers' development through mechanisms, like apoptosis induction and inhibiting tumor growth. Moreover, millets offer hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, beneficial for managing conditions, such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. Their high dietary fiber and resistant starch content regulate blood lipids and glucose, reducing the cardiovascular risk. Additionally, millets act as antimicrobials, inhibiting pathogens and serving as natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials. They exhibit immunomodulatory effects, enhancing immune function and response. Overall, millets' pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory traits, position them as functional foods with varied health benefits. Further research can integrate millets into preventive and therapeutic approaches for diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Ministry of Ayush, Government Medical College, India
| | - Zubair Aalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut 25005, U.P. India
| | | | - Anurag Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut 25005, U.P. India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut 25005, U.P. India
| | - S N Murthy
- Ministry of Ayush, Government Medical College, India
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Jaiswal V, Bandyopadhyay T, Singh RK, Gahlaut V, Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M. Multi-environment GWAS identifies genomic regions underlying grain nutrient traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:6. [PMID: 38127149 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A total of 104 foxtail millet accessions were evaluated for 11 nutrients in three environments and 67 high-confidence marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified. Six SNPs showed pleiotropic effect and associated with two or more nutrients, whereas 24 candidate genes were identified for 28 MTAs involving seven traits. Millets are known for their better nutritional profiles compared to major cereals. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is rich in nutrients essential to circumvent malnutrition and hidden hunger. However, the genetic determinants underlying this trait remain elusive. In this context, we evaluated 104 diverse foxtail millet accessions in three different environments (E1, E2, and E3) for 11 nutrients and genotyped with 30K SNPs. The genome-wide association study showed 67 high-confidence (Bonferroni-corrected) marker-trait associations (MTAs) for the nutrients except for phosphorus. Six pleiotropic SNPs were also identified, which were associated with two or more nutrients. Around 24 candidate genes (CGs) were identified for 28 MTAs involving seven nutrients. A total of 17 associated SNPs were present within the gene region, and five (5) were mapped in the exon of the CGs. Significant SNPs, desirable alleles and CGs identified in the present study will be useful in breeding programmes for trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
| | | | | | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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Shekhar S, Prasad AS, Banjare K, Kaushik A, Mannade AK, Dubey M, Patil A, Premi V, Vishwakarma AK, Sao A, Saxena RR, Dubey A, Chandel G. LMT db: A comprehensive transcriptome database for climate-resilient, nutritionally rich little millet ( Panicum sumatrense). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1106104. [PMID: 36993866 PMCID: PMC10041709 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) a native of Chhattisgarh, belongs to the minor millet group and is primarily known as a climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crop. However, due to the lack of enough Omic studies on the crop, the scientific community has largely remained unaware of the potential of this crop, resulting in less scope for its utilization in crop improvement programs. Looking at global warming, erratic climate change, nutritional security, and limited genetic information available, the Little Millet Transcriptome Database (LMTdb) (https://igkv.ac.in/xenom/index.aspx) was conceptualized upon completion of the transcriptome sequencing of little millet with the aim of deciphering the genetic signatures of this largely unknown crop. The database was developed with the view of providing information about the most comprehensive part of the genome, the 'Transcriptome'. The database includes transcriptome sequence information, functional annotation, microsatellite markers, DEGs, and pathway information. The database is a freely available resource that provides breeders and scientists a portal to search, browse, and query data to facilitate functional and applied Omic studies in millet crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Shekhar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Archana S. Prasad
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Kalpana Banjare
- Knowledge and Technology Resource Centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Abhijeet Kaushik
- Knowledge and Technology Resource Centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Ajit K. Mannade
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Mahima Dubey
- Department of Vegetable Biotechnology, VNR Seeds Private Limited, Raipur, India
| | - Arun Patil
- Department of Vegetable Biotechnology, VNR Seeds Private Limited, Raipur, India
| | - Vinay Premi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | | | - Abhinav Sao
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Ravi R. Saxena
- Knowledge and Technology Resource Centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Chhattisgarh Council of Science and Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Girish Chandel
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
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Huang YC, Wang YT, Choong YC, Huang HY, Chen YR, Hsieh TF, Lin YR. How ambient temperature affects the heading date of foxtail millet ( Setaria italica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1147756. [PMID: 36938030 PMCID: PMC10018198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a short-day plant, is one of the important crops for food security encountering climate change, particularly in regions where it is a staple food. Under the short-day condition in Taiwan, the heading dates (HDs) of foxtail millet accessions varied by genotypes and ambient temperature (AT). The allelic polymorphisms in flowering time (FT)-related genes were associated with HD variations. AT, in the range of 13°C-30°C that was based on field studies at three different latitudes in Taiwan and observations in the phytotron at four different AT regimes, was positively correlated with growth rate, and high AT promoted HD. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of foxtail millet HD, the expression of 14 key FT-related genes in four accessions at different ATs was assessed. We found that the expression levels of SiPRR95, SiPRR1, SiPRR59, SiGhd7-2, SiPHYB, and SiGhd7 were negatively correlated with AT, whereas the expression levels of SiEhd1, SiFT11, and SiCO4 were positively correlated with AT. Furthermore, the expression levels of SiGhd7-2, SiEhd1, SiFT, and SiFT11 were significantly associated with HD. A coexpression regulatory network was identified that shown genes involved in the circadian clock, light and temperature signaling, and regulation of flowering, but not those involved in photoperiod pathway, interacted and were influenced by AT. The results reveal how gene × temperature and gene × gene interactions affect the HD in foxtail millet and could serve as a foundation for breeding foxtail millet cultivars for shift production to increase yield in response to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Huang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-tang Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-ching Choong
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-ya Huang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-ru Chen
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Fu Hsieh
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Yann-rong Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Headquarters, World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lydia Pramitha J, Ganesan J, Francis N, Rajasekharan R, Thinakaran J. Revitalization of small millets for nutritional and food security by advanced genetics and genomics approaches. Front Genet 2023; 13:1007552. [PMID: 36699471 PMCID: PMC9870178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small millets, also known as nutri-cereals, are smart foods that are expected to dominate food industries and diets to achieve nutritional security. Nutri-cereals are climate resilient and nutritious. Small millet-based foods are becoming popular in markets and are preferred for patients with celiac and diabetes. These crops once ruled as food and fodder but were pushed out of mainstream cultivation with shifts in dietary habits to staple crops during the green revolution. Nevertheless, small millets are rich in micronutrients and essential amino acids for regulatory activities. Hence, international and national organizations have recently aimed to restore these lost crops for their desirable traits. The major goal in reviving these crops is to boost the immune system of the upcoming generations to tackle emerging pandemics and disease infestations in crops. Earlier periods of civilization consumed these crops, which had a greater significance in ethnobotanical values. Along with nutrition, these crops also possess therapeutic traits and have shown vast medicinal use in tribal communities for the treatment of diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal issues. This review highlights the significance of small millets, their values in cultural heritage, and their prospects. Furthermore, this review dissects the nutritional and therapeutic traits of small millets for developing sustainable diets in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lydia Pramitha
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India,*Correspondence: J. Lydia Pramitha,
| | - Jeeva Ganesan
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Neethu Francis
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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Mushtaq NU, Alghamdi KM, Saleem S, Shajar F, Tahir I, Bahieldin A, Rehman RU, Hakeem KR. Selenate and selenite transporters in proso millet: Genome extensive detection and expression studies under salt stress and selenium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1060154. [PMID: 36531352 PMCID: PMC9748351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crops are susceptible to a variety of stresses and amongst them salinity of soil is a global agronomic challenge that has a detrimental influence on crop yields, thus posing a severe danger to our food security. Therefore, it becomes imperative to examine how plants respond to salt stress, develop a tolerance that allows them to live through higher salt concentrations and choose species that can endure salt stress. From the perspective of food, security millets can be substituted to avoid hardships because of their efficiency in dealing with salt stress. Besides, this problem can also be tackled by using beneficial exogenous elements. Selenium (Se) which exists as selenate or selenite is one such cardinal element that has been reported to alleviate salt stress. The present study aimed for identification of selenate and selenite transporters in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), their expression under NaCl (salt stress) and Na2SeO3 (sodium selenite)treatments. This study identified eight transporters (RLM65282.1, RLN42222.1, RLN18407.1, RLM74477.1, RLN41904.1, RLN17428.1, RLN17268.1, RLM65753.1) that have a potential role in Se uptake in proso millet. We analyzed physicochemical properties, conserved structures, sub-cellular locations, chromosome location, molecular phylogenetic analysis, promoter regions prediction, protein-protein interactions, three-dimensional structure modeling and evaluation of these transporters. The analysis revealed the chromosome location and the number of amino acids present in these transporters as RLM65282.1 (16/646); RLN42222.1 (1/543); RLN18407.1 (2/483); RLM74477.1 (15/474); RLN41904.1 (1/521); RLN17428.1 (2/522); RLN17268.1(2/537);RLM65753.1 (16/539). The sub-cellular locations revealed that all the selenite transporters are located in plasma membrane whereas among selenate transporters RLM65282.1 and RLM74477.1 are located in mitochondria and RLN42222.1 and RLN18407.1 in chloroplast. The transcriptomic studies revealed that NaCl stress decreased the expression of both selenate and selenite transporters in proso millet and the applications of exogenous 1µM Se (Na2SeO3) increased the expression of these Se transporter genes. It was also revealed that selenate shows similar behavior as sulfate, while selenite transport resembles phosphate. Thus, it can be concluded that phosphate and sulphate transporters in millets are responsible for Se uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ul Mushtaq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Khalid M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seerat Saleem
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Faamiya Shajar
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ahmad Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reiaz Ul Rehman
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Shi X, Shen J, Niu B, Lam SK, Zong Y, Zhang D, Hao X, Li P. An optimistic future of C 4 crop broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) for food security under increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14024. [PMID: 36097526 PMCID: PMC9463996 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Broomcorn millet, a C4 cereal, has better tolerance to environmental stresses. Although elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to grain nutrition reduction in most staple crops, studies evaluating its effects on broomcorn millet are still scarce. The yield, nutritional quality and metabolites of broomcorn millet were investigated under ambient CO2 (aCO2, 400 µmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (eCO2, aCO2+ 200 µmol mol-1) for three years using open-top chambers (OTC). The results showed that the yield of broomcorn millet was markedly increased under eCO2 compared with aCO2. On average, eCO2 significantly increased the concentration of Mg (27.3%), Mn (14.6%), and B (21.2%) over three years, whereas it did not affect the concentration of P, K, Fe, Ca, Cu or Zn. Protein content was significantly decreased, whereas starch and oil concentrations were not changed by eCO2. With the greater increase in grain yield, eCO2 induced increase in the grain accumulations of P (23.87%), K (29.5%), Mn (40.08%), Ca (22.58%), Mg (51.31%), Zn (40.95%), B (48.54%), starch (16.96%) and oil (28.37%) on average for three years. Flavonoids such as kaempferol, apigenin, eriodictyol, luteolin, and chrysoeriol were accumulated under eCO2. The reduction in L-glutamine and L-lysine metabolites, which were the most representative amino acid in grain proteins, led to a reduction of protein concentration under eCO2. Broomcorn millet has more desirable nutritional traits for combating hidden hunger. This may potentially be useful for breeding more nutritious plants in the era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Shi
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Bingjie Niu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shu Kee Lam
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Xingyu Hao
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China,Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China,Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
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Punia Bangar S, Suri S, Malakar S, Sharma N, Whiteside WS. Influence of processing techniques on the protein quality of major and minor millet crops: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Clemson University 29634 Clemson USA
| | - Shweta Suri
- Amity Institute of Food Technology (AIFT) Amity University Uttar Pradesh 201301 Noida India
| | - Santanu Malakar
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management 131028 Sonipat Haryana India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 110016 New Delhi India
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Babele PK, Kudapa H, Singh Y, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Mainstreaming orphan millets for advancing climate smart agriculture to secure nutrition and health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902536. [PMID: 36035707 PMCID: PMC9412166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-changing climate and the current COVID-19 pandemic compound the problems and seriously impact agriculture production, resulting in socio-economic insecurities and imposing health implications globally. Most of the poor and malnourished population in the developing countries depends on agriculture for food, income, and employment. Impact of climate change together with the COVID-19 outbreak revealed immense problems highlighting the importance of mainstreaming climate-resilient and low input crops with more contemporary agriculture practices. Orphan millets play a vital role in the poor and malnourished population's livelihood, food and nutrition security. Recognizing their unique potential, the United Nations-Food and Agriculture Organization has announced the year 2023 as the "International Year of Millets". However, despite the unique properties for present and future agriculture of orphan millets, their cultivation is declining in many countries. As a result, millets have gained attention from researchers which eventually decelerated "multi-omics" resource generation. This review summarizes the benefits of millets and major barriers/ bottlenecks in their improvement. We also discuss the pre- and post-harvest technologies; policies required to introduce and establish millets in mainstream agriculture. To improve and ensure the livelihood of the poor/malnourished population, intensive efforts are urgently needed in advancing the research and development, implementing pre- and post-harvest technological intervention strategies, and making favorable policies for orphan crops to accomplish food and nutrition security. National and international collaborations are also indispensable to address the uncertain effects of climate change and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh K. Babele
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yogeshwar Singh
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- Murdoch's Centre for Crop Research & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Anil Kumar
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh BK, Chaudhari AK, Das S, Tiwari S, Maurya A, Singh VK, Dubey NK. Chitosan encompassed Aniba rosaeodora essential oil as innovative green candidate for antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity in millets with emphasis on cellular and its mode of action. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970670. [PMID: 36016775 PMCID: PMC9395724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates first time investigation on encapsulation of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (AREO-CsNe) with the aim of improvement of its antifungal, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibitory performance in real food system. The GC–MS analysis of AREO revealed the presence of linalool (81.46%) as a major component. The successful encapsulation of EO into CsNe was confirmed through SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The in-vitro release study showed the controlled release of AREO. AREO-CsNe caused complete inhibition of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPSi-1) growth and AFB1 production at 0.8 and 0.6 μl/ml, respectively, which was far better than AREO (1.4 and 1.2 μl/ml, respectively). Impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis coupled with enhancement of cellular materials leakage confirmed plasma membrane as the possible antifungal target of both AREO and AREO-CsNe. Significant inhibition of methylglyoxal (AFB1 inducer) synthesis in AFLHPSi-1 cells by AREO and AREO-CsNe confirmed their novel antiaflatoxigenic mode of action. In-silico molecular docking studies revealed effective interaction of linalool with Ver-1 and Omt-A proteins, leading to inhibition of AFB1 biosynthesis. Further, AREO-CsNe showed enhanced antioxidant activity with IC50 values 3.792 and 1.706 μl/ml against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals, respectively. In addition, AREO-CsNe caused 100% protection of stored millets (Setaria italica seeds) from AFB1 contamination and lipid peroxidation over a period of 1 year without compromising its sensory properties and exhibited high safety profile with LD50 value 9538.742 μl/kg body weight. Based on enhanced performance of AREO-CsNe over AREO, it can be recommended as a novel substitute of synthetic preservative for preservation of stored millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Somenath Das
- Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Shikha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Akash Maurya
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Nawal Kishore Dubey,
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13
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Suresh BV, Choudhary P, Aggarwal PR, Rana S, Singh RK, Ravikesavan R, Prasad M, Muthamilarasan M. De novo transcriptome analysis identifies key genes involved in dehydration stress response in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.). Genomics 2022; 114:110347. [PMID: 35337948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is a small millet species known for its excellent nutritional and climate-resilient traits. To understand the genes and pathways underlying dehydration stress tolerance of kodo millet, the transcriptome of cultivar 'CO3' subjected to dehydration stress (0 h, 3 h, and 6 h) was sequenced. The study generated 239.1 million clean reads that identified 9201, 9814, and 2346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 0 h vs. 3 h, 0 h vs. 6 h, and 3 h vs. 6 h libraries, respectively. The DEGs were found to be associated with vital molecular pathways, including hormone metabolism and signaling, antioxidant scavenging, photosynthesis, and cellular metabolism, and were validated using qRT-PCR. Also, a higher abundance of uncharacterized genes expressed during stress warrants further studies to characterize this class of genes to understand their role in dehydration stress response. Altogether, the study provides insights into the transcriptomic response of kodo millet during dehydration stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonthala Venkata Suresh
- Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Pooja Choudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja Rani Aggarwal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sumi Rana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Rajasekaran Ravikesavan
- Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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14
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Pendergast TH, Qi P, Odeny DA, Dida MM, Devos KM. A high-density linkage map of finger millet provides QTL for blast resistance and other agronomic traits. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20175. [PMID: 34904374 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a critical subsistence crop in eastern Africa and southern Asia but has few genomic resources and modern breeding programs. To aid in the understanding of finger millet genomic organization and genes underlying disease resistance and agronomically important traits, we generated a F2:3 population from a cross between E. coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana accession ACC 100007 and E. coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. africana , accession GBK 030647. Phenotypic data on morphology, yield, and blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) resistance traits were taken on a subset of the F2:3 population in a Kenyan field trial. The F2:3 population was genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and the UGbS-Flex pipeline was used for sequence alignment, nucleotide polymorphism calling, and genetic map construction. An 18-linkage-group genetic map consisting of 5,422 markers was generated that enabled comparative genomic analyses with rice (Oryza sativa L.), foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Notably, we identified conserved acrocentric homoeologous chromosomes (4A and 4B in finger millet) across all species. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were discovered for flowering date, plant height, panicle number, and blast incidence and severity. Sixteen putative candidate genes that may underlie trait variation were identified. Seven LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN genes, with homology to nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) disease resistance proteins, were found on three chromosomes under blast resistance QTL. This high-marker-density genetic map provides an important tool for plant breeding programs and identifies genomic regions and genes of critical interest for agronomic traits and blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Pendergast
- Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Peng Qi
- Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Damaris Achieng Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathews M Dida
- Dep. of Applied Sciences, Maseno Univ., Private Bag-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Katrien M Devos
- Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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15
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Ajeesh Krishna TP, Maharajan T, Ceasar SA. Improvement of millets in the post-genomic era. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:669-685. [PMID: 35465206 PMCID: PMC8986959 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Millets are food and nutrient security crops in the semi-arid tropics of developing countries. Crop improvement using modern tools is one of the priority areas of research in millets. The whole-genome sequence (WGS) of millets provides new insight into understanding and studying the genes, genome organization and genomic-assisted improvement of millets. The WGS of millets helps to carry out genome-wide comparison and co-linearity studies among millets and other cereal crops. This approach might lead to the identification of genes underlying biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in millets. The available genome sequence of millets can be used for SNP identification, allele discovery, association and linkage mapping, identification of valuable candidate genes, and marker-assisted breeding (MAB) programs. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides opportunities for genome-assisted breeding (GAB) through genomic selection (GS) and genome-wide association studies (GAWS) for crop improvement. Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome editing (GE) system provides new opportunities for millet improvement. In this review, we discuss the details on the WGS available for millets and highlight the importance of utilizing such resources in the post-genomic era for millet improvement. We also draw inroads on the utilization of various approaches such as GS, GWAS, functional genomics, gene validation and GE for millet improvement. This review might be helpful for understanding the developments in the post-genomic era of millet improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Ajeesh Krishna
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, 683104 Kochi, Kerala India
| | - T Maharajan
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, 683104 Kochi, Kerala India
| | - S Antony Ceasar
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, 683104 Kochi, Kerala India
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16
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17
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Genic microsatellite marker characterization and development in little millet (Panicum sumatrense) using transcriptome sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20620. [PMID: 34663808 PMCID: PMC8523711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Little millet is a climate-resilient and high-nutrient value plant. The lack of molecular markers severely limits the adoption of modern genomic approaches in millet breeding studies. Here the transcriptome of three samples were sequenced. A total of 4443 genic-SSR motifs were identified in 30,220 unigene sequences. SSRs were found at a rate of 12.25 percent, with an average of one SSR locus per 10 kb. Among different repeat motifs, tri-nucleotide repeat (66.67) was the most abundant one, followed by di- (27.39P), and tetra- (3.83P) repeats. CDS contained fewer motifs with the majority of tri-nucleotides, while 3' and 5' UTR carry more motifs but have shorter repeats. Functional annotation of unigenes containing microsatellites, revealed that most of them were linked to metabolism, gene expression regulation, and response to environmental stresses. Fifty primers were randomly chosen and validated in five little millet and 20 minor millet genotypes; 48% showed polymorphism, with a high transferability (70%) rate. Identified microsatellites can be a noteworthy resource for future research into QTL-based breeding, genetic resource conservation, MAS selection, and evolutionary genetics.
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18
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Kumar A, Anju T, Kumar S, Chhapekar SS, Sreedharan S, Singh S, Choi SR, Ramchiary N, Lim YP. Integrating Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified and Sustainable Food Security. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8093. [PMID: 34360856 PMCID: PMC8348985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous communities across the globe, especially in rural areas, consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many TFPs are highly nutritious as they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements and other nutrients. Excessive reliance on the mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. Traditional food plants are nowadays considered important crops of the future and can act as supplementary foods for the burgeoning global population. They can also act as emergency foods in situations such as COVID-19 and in times of other pandemics. The current situation necessitates locally available alternative nutritious TFPs for sustainable food production. To increase the cultivation or improve the traits in TFPs, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of the genes that regulate some important traits such as nutritional components and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. The integrated use of modern omics and gene editing technologies provide great opportunities to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of superior nutrient content, climate-resilient traits and adaptation to local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realizing the importance and benefits of TFPs, scientists have shown interest in the prospection and sequencing of TFPs for their improvements, cultivation and mainstreaming. Integrated omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics are successfully used in plants and have provided a comprehensive understanding of gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined use of omics and editing tools has led to successful editing of beneficial traits in several TFPs. This suggests that there is ample scope for improvement of TFPs for sustainable food production. In this article, we highlight the importance, scope and progress towards improvement of TFPs for valuable traits by integrated use of omics and gene editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Thattantavide Anju
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kishtwar 182204, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sushil Satish Chhapekar
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Sajana Sreedharan
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonam Singh
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
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19
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Ofosu FK, Mensah DJF, Daliri EBM, Oh DH. Exploring Molecular Insights of Cereal Peptidic Antioxidants in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:518. [PMID: 33810450 PMCID: PMC8066008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is presently an alarming public health problem globally. Oxidative stress has been postulated to be strongly correlated with MetS, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Cereals are important staple foods which account for a huge proportion of the human diet. However, owing to recent growing demand and the search for natural antioxidants for the prevention and management of MetS, cereal peptides have gained increasing attention for developing functional ingredients or foods with substantial antioxidant properties. This review explores the current production techniques for cereal peptidic antioxidants and their potential mechanism of action in the prevention and management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (F.K.O.); (E.B.-M.D.)
| | - Dylis-Judith Fafa Mensah
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Science and Technology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61761, USA;
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (F.K.O.); (E.B.-M.D.)
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (F.K.O.); (E.B.-M.D.)
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20
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Sachdev N, Goomer S, Singh LR. Foxtail millet: a potential crop to meet future demand scenario for alternative sustainable protein. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:831-842. [PMID: 32767555 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), an annual grass plant, produces seeds that possess health-promoting properties owing to its unique protein composition containing a high content of essential amino acids. The mature foxtail seeds mainly consist of proline-rich, alcohol-soluble proteins (prolamin) called setarins, comprising about 60% of the total protein, with less content of disulfide cross-linked proteins than with other cereal and millets. Protein fractionation schemes are an important tool and provide preliminary information on the nature of foxtail proteins for their applications in the field of agriculture, food pharma, and bio-based materials. Variation in the methods of preparation can influence the composition, structure, and nutritional quality of the protein concentrate. Moreover, foxtail protein or its hydrolysate has shown several bioactive effects that can be explored further for the management of chronic diseases in humans. Additionally, owing to its low cost and excellent functional properties of flour and protein concentrate, foxtail millet can be considered as good candidate for replacing animal protein foods. Furthermore, there is huge potential for successfully developing low-cost, protein-rich functional food products helpful in the prevention and management of lifestyle-related chronic diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sachdev
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Goomer
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Laishram R Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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21
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Singh RK, Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M. Biotechnological approaches to dissect climate-resilient traits in millets and their application in crop improvement. J Biotechnol 2021; 327:64-73. [PMID: 33422569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
'Small millets' is a generic term that includes all the millets except pearl millet and sorghum. These small or minor millets constitute eleven species that are marginally cultivated and consumed worldwide. These small millets possess excellent agronomic-, climate-resilient, and nutritional traits, although they lack popularity. Small millets withstand a broad spectrum of environmental stresses and possess better water-use and nitrogen-use efficiencies. Of note, small millets are five- to seven-fold nutritionally rich in terms of protein, bioactive compounds, micro- and macro-nutrients as compared to major cereals. Irrespective of these merits, small millets have received little research attention compared to major millets and cereals. However, the knowledge generated from such studies is significant for the improvement of millets per se and for translating the information to improve major cereals through breeding and transgene-based approaches. Given this, the review enumerates the efforts invested in dissecting the climate-resilient traits in small millets and provides a roadmap for deploying the information in crop improvement of millets as well as cereals in the scenario of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India.
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22
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Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M. Small Millets for Enduring Food Security Amidst Pandemics. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:33-40. [PMID: 32900620 PMCID: PMC7474701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Food security is an ongoing problem, and current staple foods are not sufficient to overcome challenges such as the present COVID-19 pandemic. We propose here that small millets have the potential to become new staple crops, especially in hunger hotspots. Currently, the absence of intensification of millet farming, lack of deployment of genetic tools for trait improvement, and the need for optimization of storage and supply chains limit crop production. We highlight a roadmap to strengthen small millet cultivation, such as identifying varieties suitable for particular environments and targeting trait improvement using genetic and genomic approaches. These approaches will help to combat hunger and malnutrition and also economically benefit the farmers and stakeholders involved in small millet cultivation amidst the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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23
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Chakraborty A, Viswanath A, Malipatil R, Rathore A, Thirunavukkarasu N. Structural and Functional Characteristics of miRNAs in Five Strategic Millet Species and Their Utility in Drought Tolerance. Front Genet 2020; 11:608421. [PMID: 33363575 PMCID: PMC7753210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.608421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Millets are the strategic food crops in arid and drought-prone ecologies. Millets, by virtue of nature, are very well-adapted to drought conditions and able to produce sustainable yield. Millets have important nutrients that can help prevent micro-nutrient malnutrition. As a result of the adverse effect of climate change and widespread malnutrition, millets have attained a strategic position to sustain food and nutritional security. Although millets can adapt well to the drought ecologies where other cereals fail completely, the yield level is very low under stress. There is a tremendous opportunity to increase the genetic potential of millet crops in dry lands when the genetics of the drought-tolerance mechanism is fully explained. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the class of small RNAs that control trait expression. They are part of the gene regulation but little studied in millets. In the present study, novel miRNAs and gene targets were identified from the genomic resources of pearl millet, sorghum, foxtail millet, finger millet, and proso millet through in silico approaches. A total of 1,002 miRNAs from 280 families regulating 23,158 targets were identified using different filtration criteria in five millet species. The unique as well as conserved structural features and functional characteristics of miRNA across millets were explained. About 84 miRNAs were conserved across millets in different species combinations, which explained the evolutionary relationship of the millets. Further, 215 miRNAs controlling 155 unique major drought-responsive genes, transcription factors, and protein families revealed the genetics of drought tolerance that are accumulated in the millet genomes. The miRNAs regulating the drought stress through specific targets or multiple targets showed through a network analysis. The identified genes regulated by miRNA genes could be useful in developing functional markers and used for yield improvement under drought in millets as well as in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animikha Chakraborty
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aswini Viswanath
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Malipatil
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- Statistics, Bioinformatics and Data Management, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu
- Genomics and Molecular Breeding Lab, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
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Mude LN, Mondam M, Gujjula V, Jinka S, Pinjari OB, Yellodu Adi Reddy N, Patan SSVK. Morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in finger millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] under drought stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2151-2171. [PMID: 33268920 PMCID: PMC7688855 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) is a nutritious and climate-resilient crop with a C4 type carbon fixation pathway. The present study was aimed to assess the drought tolerance capacities of four finger millet genotypes based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics at three different phenological stages. Finger millet genotypes RAU 8, GPU 67, GPU 28 and MS 9272 were subjected to two water regimes, regular irrigation (control) and suspended irrigation (drought stress). During water regimes, morpho-physiological [biomass accumulation, leaf relative water content, and photosynthetic pigments] and biochemical changes [proline content, water soluble carbohydrates, antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde content] were studied during seedling (18th day), vegetative (49th day) and early flowering stages (73rd day). The maintenance of growth especially root growth, biomass accumulation, the differential response in the concentration and changes of pigments, accumulation of proline, water-soluble carbohydrates and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress play a major role in differential tolerance in finger millet genotypes that is conferred by the biplot analysis. The genotype RAU 8 is the most drought-tolerant genotype at all the three different phenological stages. Whereas the genotype GPU 67 was identified as sensitive at the seedling stage and its tolerance level was improved at vegetative and early flowering stages. The genotypes GPU 28 and MS 9272 were considered as drought sensitive at all three different phenological stages. Our results provide inputs to the breeders to select genotypes as parents and to design effective strategies in crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muniraja Mondam
- Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005 India
| | | | - Sivakumar Jinka
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005 India
| | - Osman Basha Pinjari
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005 India
| | - Nanja Yellodu Adi Reddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
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Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCurrent agricultural and food systems encourage research and development on major crops, neglecting regionally important minor crops. Small millets include a group of small- seeded cereal crops of the grass family Poaceae. This includes finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, teff, fonio, job’s tears, guinea millet, and browntop millet. Small millets are an excellent choice to supplement major staple foods for crop and dietary diversity because of their diverse adaptation on marginal lands, less water requirement, lesser susceptibility to stresses, and nutritional superiority compared to major cereal staples. Growing interest among consumers about healthy diets together with climate-resilient features of small millets underline the necessity of directing more research and development towards these crops. Except for finger millet and foxtail millet, and to some extent proso millet and teff, other small millets have received minimal research attention in terms of development of genetic and genomic resources and breeding for yield enhancement. Considerable breeding efforts were made in finger millet and foxtail millet in India and China, respectively, proso millet in the United States of America, and teff in Ethiopia. So far, five genomes, namely foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, teff, and Japanese barnyard millet, have been sequenced, and genome of foxtail millet is the smallest (423-510 Mb) while the largest one is finger millet (1.5 Gb). Recent advances in phenotyping and genomics technologies, together with available germplasm diversity, could be utilized in small millets improvement. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the importance of small millets, the global status of their germplasm, diversity, promising germplasm resources, and breeding approaches (conventional and genomic approaches) to accelerate climate-resilient and nutrient-dense small millets for sustainable agriculture, environment, and healthy food systems.
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Santos CM, Romeiro D, Silva JP, Basso MF, Molinari HBC, Centeno DC. An improved protocol for efficient transformation and regeneration of Setaria italica. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:501-510. [PMID: 31915913 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and improved transformation method for functional genetics studies in S. italica, being a boon for the Setaria scientific community and for crop improvement. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a short life cycle C4 plant, with sequenced genome, and a potential model plant for C4 species. S. italica is also important on a global food security and healthiness context due to its importance in arid and semi-arid areas. However, despite its importance, there are just few transformation protocols directed to this species. The current protocols reached about 5.5-9% of efficiency, which do not make it a valuable model organism. Different types of explants were used in the above mentioned methods, such as immature and mature inflorescence and shoot apex. However, these techniques have many limitations, such as unavailability of explants throughout the year and a crucial, laborious and considerable time-consuming selection. Aiming a simplified and efficient methodology, we adopted dry mature seeds as explants, which are available in abundance, are constant along the year and well responsive to tissue culture, in addition to a differentiated approach that reaches on an average 19.2% transformation efficiency of S. italica. Thus, we propose a protocol that optimizes the transformation efficiency of this cereal crop allowing a high increase on transformation and regeneration rates. Our transformation protocol provides an interesting tool for Setaria community research as well as enables new strategies for breeding enhanced productivity in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Santos
- Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - D Romeiro
- Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - J P Silva
- Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M F Basso
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - H B C Molinari
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - D C Centeno
- Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil.
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Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential Exerted by Millet Grain Varieties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030254. [PMID: 32245008 PMCID: PMC7139927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro of four millet grain varieties cultivated in South Korea. The free fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, followed by α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the free fractions ranged from 107.8 to 136.4 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/100 g, 101.3 to 115.8 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, and 17.65 to 59.54 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, respectively. Finger Italian millet had the highest total phenolic content (136.4 mg FAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (115.8 mg CE/100 g). Barnyard and finger Italian millet showed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 359.6 µg/mL and 436.25 µg/mL, respectively) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 362.40 µg/mL and 381.65 µg/mL, respectively). Similarly, finger Italian millet also exhibited significantly lower IC50 values for the percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase (18.07 µg/mL) and α-amylase (10.56 µg/mL) as compared with acarbose (IC50 = 59.34 µg/mL and 27.73 µg/mL, respectively) and AGEs formation (33.68 µg/mL) as compared with aminoguanidine (AG) (52.30 µg/mL). All eight phenolic compounds identified in finger Italian millet were flavonoids, with flavanols being the predominant subclass. Taken together, millet flavonoids play important roles in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, and hence finger Italian millet has the potential to be developed as a functional food.
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Rodríguez JP, Rahman H, Thushar S, Singh RK. Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability. Front Genet 2020; 11:49. [PMID: 32174958 PMCID: PMC7056906 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing world population, an extra 1.5 billion mouths need to be fed by 2050 with continuously dwindling arable land. Hence, it is imperative that extra food come from the marginal lands that are expected to be unsuitable for growing major staple crops under the adverse climate change scenario. Crop diversity provides right alternatives for marginal environments to improve food, feed, and nutritional security. Well-adapted and climate-resilient crops will be the best fit for such a scenario to produce seed and biomass. The minor millets are known for their high nutritional profile and better resilience for several abiotic stresses that make them the suitable crops for arid and salt-affected soils and poor-quality waters. Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also considered as orphan crops, are highly tolerant grass crop species that grow well in marginal and degraded lands of Africa and Asia with better nutritional profile. Another category of grains, called pseudo-cereals, is considered as rich foods because of their protein quality and content, high mineral content, and healthy and balance food quality. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) fall under this category. Nevertheless, both minor millets and pseudo-cereals are morphologically different, although similar for micronutrient bioavailability, and their grains are gluten-free. The cultivation of these millets can make dry lands productive and ensure future food as well as nutritional security. Although the natural nutrient profile of these crop plant species is remarkably good, little development has occurred in advances in molecular genetics and breeding efforts to improve the bioavailability of nutrients. Recent advances in NGS have enabled the genome and transcriptome sequencing of these millets and pseudo-cereals for the faster development of molecular markers and application in molecular breeding. Genomic information on finger millet (1,196 Mb with 85,243 genes); S. italica, a model small millet (well-annotated draft genome of 420 Mb with 38,801 protein-coding genes); amaranth (466 Mb genome and 23,059 protein-coding genes); buckwheat (genome size of 1.12 Gb with 35,816 annotated genes); and quinoa (genome size of 1.5 Gb containing 54,438 protein-coding genes) could pave the way for the genetic improvement of these grains. These genomic resources are an important first step toward genetic improvement of these crops. This review highlights the current advances and available resources on genomics to improve nutrient bioavailability in these five suitable crops for the sustained healthy livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Crop Diversification and Genetics Program, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Majid A, Priyadarshini C G P. Millet derived bioactive peptides: A review on their functional properties and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3342-3351. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1686342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Majid
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini C G
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Smith S, Bandyopadhyay T. Opening the dialogue: Research networks between high- and low-income countries further understanding of global agro-climatic challenges. PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET 2019; 1:98-101. [PMID: 34853823 PMCID: PMC8607466 DOI: 10.1002/ppp3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Societal Impact Statement In the modern world it has become increasingly urgent to balance human food security needs with environmental needs. These needs are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and can be synergistic. The Cambridge-India Network for Translational Research in Nitrogen (CINTRIN) seeks to reduce nitrogen fertilizer overapplication (and the resulting environmental pollution) in Indian agriculture: a situation with various scientific and sociopolitical drivers, which equally have various sociopolitical and scientific solutions. By listening to the needs of local farmers and applying the knowledge and resources of global plant science research, achieving higher crop yields with less nitrogen is an achievable prospect for India.
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Muthamilarasan M, Singh NK, Prasad M. Multi-omics approaches for strategic improvement of stress tolerance in underutilized crop species: A climate change perspective. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2019; 103:1-38. [PMID: 30904092 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, researchers are working toward improving the "major" crops for better adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses. However, little or no research attention is given toward neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) which hold the potential to ensure food and nutritional security among the ever-growing global population. NUCS are predominantly climate resilient, but their yield and quality are compromised due to selective breeding. In this context, the importance of omics technologies namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenomics and ionomics in delineating the complex molecular machinery governing growth, development and stress responses of NUCS is underlined. However, gaining insights through individual omics approaches will not be sufficient to address the research questions, whereas integrating these technologies could be an effective strategy to decipher the gene function, genome structures, biological pathways, metabolic and regulatory networks underlying complex traits. Given this, the chapter enlists the importance of NUCS in food and nutritional security and provides an overview of deploying omics approaches to study the NUCS. Also, the chapter enumerates the status of crop improvement programs in NUCS and suggests implementing "integrating omics" for gaining a better understanding of crops' response to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India; ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
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Jaiswal V, Bandyopadhyay T, Gahlaut V, Gupta S, Dhaka A, Ramchiary N, Prasad M. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) delineates genomic loci for ten nutritional elements in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kaur P, Purewal SS, Sandhu KS, Kaur M, Salar RK. Millets: a cereal grain with potent antioxidants and health benefits. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Acharya BR, Roy Choudhury S, Estelle AB, Vijayakumar A, Zhu C, Hovis L, Pandey S. Optimization of Phenotyping Assays for the Model Monocot Setaria viridis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2172. [PMID: 29312412 PMCID: PMC5743732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Setaria viridis (green foxtail) is an important model plant for the study of C4 photosynthesis in panicoid grasses, and is fast emerging as a system of choice for the study of plant development, domestication, abiotic stress responses and evolution. Basic research findings in Setaria are expected to advance research not only in this species and its close relative S. italica (foxtail millet), but also in other panicoid grasses, many of which are important food or bioenergy crops. Here we report on the standardization of multiple growth and development assays for S. viridis under controlled conditions, and in response to several phytohormones and abiotic stresses. We optimized these assays at three different stages of the plant's life: seed germination and post-germination growth using agar plate-based assays, early seedling growth and development using germination pouch-based assays, and adult plant growth and development under environmentally controlled growth chambers and greenhouses. These assays will be useful for the community to perform large scale phenotyping analyses, mutant screens, comparative physiological analysis, and functional characterization of novel genes of Setaria or other related agricultural crops. Precise description of various growth conditions, effective treatment conditions and description of the resultant phenotypes will help expand the use of S. viridis as an effective model system.
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