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Chen H, Shi Y, An L, Yang X, Liu J, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Li T, Ahammed GJ. Overexpression of SlWRKY6 enhances drought tolerance by strengthening antioxidant defense and stomatal closure via ABA signaling in Solanum lycopersicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108855. [PMID: 38917736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major handicap for plant growth and development. WRKY proteins comprise one of the largest families of plant transcription factors, playing important roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), different WRKY transcription factors differentially (positively or negatively) regulate drought tolerance, however, the role of SlWRKY6 in drought response and the associated molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance remain unclear. Here we report that SlWRKY6, a member of the WRKYII-b group, is involved in the functional aspects of drought resistance in tomato. Transcriptional activation assays show that SlWRKY6 is transcriptionally active in yeast cells, while the subcellular localization assay indicates that SlWRKY6 is localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SlWRKY6 in tomato plants resulted in stronger antioxidant capacity and drought resistance as manifested by increased photosynthetic capacity and decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation, malondialdehyde content and relative electrolyte leakage in transgenic tomato plants compared with wild-type under drought stress. Moreover, increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and transcript abundance of ABA synthesis and signaling genes (NCED1, NCED4, PYL4, AREB1 and SnRK2.6) in the transgenic tomato plants indicated potential involvement of the ABA pathway in SlWRKY6-induced drought resistance in tomato plants. Inspection of 2-kb sequences upstream of the predicted binding sites in the promoter of SlNCED1/4 identified two copies of the core W-box (TTGACC/T) sequence in the promoter of SlNCED1/4, which correlates well with the expression of these genes in response to drought, further suggesting the involvement of ABA-dependent pathway in SlWRKY6-induced drought resistance. The study unveils a critical role of SlWRKY6, which can be useful to further reveal the drought tolerance mechanism and breeding of drought-resistant tomato varieties for sustainable vegetable production in the era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu An
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zemin Dai
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Mal S, Panchal S. Drought and salt stress mitigation in crop plants using stress-tolerant auxin-producing endophytic bacteria: a futuristic approach towards sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1422504. [PMID: 39015292 PMCID: PMC11250085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1422504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, especially drought stress and salt stress in crop plants are accelerating due to climate change. The combined impact of drought and salt is anticipated to lead to the loss of up to 50% of arable land globally, resulting in diminished growth and substantial yield losses threatening food security. Addressing the challenges, agriculture through sustainable practices emerges as a potential solution to achieve Zero Hunger, one of the sustainable development goals set by the IUCN. Plants deploy a myriad of mechanisms to effectively address drought and salt stress with phytohormones playing pivotal roles as crucial signaling molecules for stress tolerance. The phytohormone auxin, particularly indole acetic acid (IAA) emerges as a paramount regulator integral to numerous aspects of plant growth and development. During both drought and salt stress conditions, auxin plays crucial roles for tolerance, but stress-induced processes lead to decreased levels of endogenous free auxin in the plant, leading to an urgent need for auxin production. With an aim to augment this auxin deficiency, several researchers have extensively investigated auxin production, particularly IAA by plant-associated microorganisms, including endophytic bacteria. These endophytic bacteria have been introduced into various crop plants subjected to drought or salt stress and potential isolates promoting plant growth have been identified. However, post-identification, essential studies on translational research to advance these potential isolates from the laboratory to the field are lacking. This review aims to offer an overview of stress tolerant auxin-producing endophytic bacterial isolates while identifying research gaps that need to be fulfilled to utilize this knowledge for the formulation of crop-specific and stress-specific endophyte bioinoculants for the plant to cope with auxin imbalance occurring during these stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta Panchal
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Hussain A, Qayyum A, Farooq S, Almutairi SM, Rasheed RA, Qadir M, Vyhnánek T, Sun Y. Pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum is positively regulated by CaWRKY3 through modulation of different WRKY transcription factors. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:522. [PMID: 38853241 PMCID: PMC11163704 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several WRKY transcription factors (TFs), including CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 are known to govern the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation (RSI) and other abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. METHODS This study functionally described CaWRKY3 for its role in pepper immunity against RSI. The roles of phytohormones in mediating the expression levels of CaWRKY3 were investigated by subjecting pepper plants to 1 mM salicylic acid (SA), 100 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and 100 µM ethylene (ETH) at 4-leaf stage. A virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach based on the Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) was used to silence CaWRKY3 in pepper, and transiently over-expressed to infer its role against RSI. RESULTS Phytohormones and RSI increased CaWRKY3 transcription. The transcriptions of defense-associated marker genes, including CaNPR1, CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaHIR1 were decreased in VIGS experiment, which made pepper less resistant to RSI. Significant hypersensitive (HR)-like cell death, H2O2 buildup, and transcriptional up-regulation of immunological marker genes were noticed in pepper when CaWRKY3 was transiently overexpressed. Transcriptional activity of CaWRKY3 was increased with overexpression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40, and vice versa. In contrast, Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) was easily repelled by the innate immune system of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that overexpressed CaWRKY3. The transcriptions of defense-related marker genes like AtPR1, AtPR2, and AtNPR1 were increased in CaWRKY3-overexpressing transgenic A. thaliana plants. CONCLUSION It is concluded that CaWRKY3 favorably regulates phytohormone-mediated synergistic signaling, which controls cell death in plant and immunity of pepper plant against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63050, Türkiye.
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab Ahmed Rasheed
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Masood Qadir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Tomáš Vyhnánek
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Luo D, Cai J, Sun W, Yang Q, Hu G, Wang T. Tomato SlWRKY3 Negatively Regulates Botrytis cinerea Resistance via TPK1b. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1597. [PMID: 38931029 PMCID: PMC11207927 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is considered the second most important fungal plant pathogen, and can cause serious disease, especially on tomato. The TPK1b gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that can positively regulate plant resistance to B. cinerea. Here, we identified a tomato WRKY transcription factor SlWRKY3 that binds to the W-box on the TPK1b promoter. It can negatively regulate TPK1b transcription, then regulate downstream signaling pathways, and ultimately negatively regulate tomato resistance to B. cinerea. SlWRKY3 interference can enhance resistance to B. cinerea, and SlWRKY3 overexpression leads to susceptibility to B. cinerea. Additionally, we found that B. cinerea can significantly, and rapidly, induce the upregulation of SlWRKY3 expression. In SlWRKY3 transgenic plants, the TPK1b expression level was negatively correlated with SlWRKY3 expression. Compared with the control, the expression of the SA pathway marker gene PR1 was downregulated in W3-OE plants and upregulated in W3-Ri plants when inoculated with B. cinerea for 48 h. Moreover, SlWRKY3 positively regulated ROS production. Overall, SlWRKY3 can inhibit TPK1b transcription in tomato, and negatively regulate resistance to B. cinerea by modulating the downstream SA and ROS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jun Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhui Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guoyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Shang C, Liu X, Chen G, Li G, Hu S, Zheng H, Ge L, Long Y, Wang Q, Hu X. SlWRKY81 regulates Spd synthesis and Na +/K + homeostasis through interaction with SlJAZ1 mediated JA pathway to improve tomato saline-alkali resistance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1774-1792. [PMID: 38468425 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is an important abiotic stress factor affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth. Although the involvement of the tomato SlWRKY gene family in responses to saline-alkali stress has been well established, the mechanism underlying resistance to saline-alkali stress remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SlWRKY81 in conferring saline-alkali stress resistance by using overexpression and knockout tomato seedlings obtained via genetic modification. We demonstrated that SlWRKY81 improves the ability of tomato to withstand saline-alkali stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity, root activity, and proline content while reducing malondialdehyde levels. Saline-alkali stress induces an increase in jasmonic acid (JA) content in tomato seedlings, and the SlWRKY81 promoter responds to JA signaling, leading to an increase in SlWRKY81 expression. Furthermore, the interaction between SlJAZ1 and SlWRKY81 represses the expression of SlWRKY81. SlWRKY81 binds to W-box motifs in the promoter regions of SlSPDS2 and SlNHX4, thereby positively regulating their expression. This regulation results in increased spermidine (Spd) content and enhanced potassium (K+) absorption and sodium (Na+) efflux, which contribute to the resistance of tomato to saline-alkali stress. However, JA and SlJAZ1 exhibit antagonistic effects. Elevated JA content reduces the inhibitory effect of SlJAZ1 on SlWRKY81, leading to the release of additional SlWRKY81 protein and further augmenting the resistance of tomato to saline-alkali stress. In summary, the modulation of Spd synthesis and Na+/K+ homeostasis mediated by the interaction between SlWRKY81 and SlJAZ1 represents a novel pathway underlying tomato response to saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Shang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guobin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Songshen Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanghao Long
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Graci S, Cigliano RA, Barone A. Exploring the gene expression network involved in the heat stress response of a thermotolerant tomato genotype. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:509. [PMID: 38783170 PMCID: PMC11112777 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in temperatures due to the current climate change dramatically affects crop cultivation, resulting in yield losses and altered fruit quality. Tomato is one of the most extensively grown and consumed horticultural products, and although it can withstand a wide range of climatic conditions, heat stress can affect plant growth and development specially on the reproductive stage, severely influencing the final yield. In the present work, the heat stress response mechanisms of one thermotolerant genotype (E42) were investigated by exploring its regulatory gene network. This was achieved through a promoter analysis based on the identification of the heat stress elements (HSEs) mapping in the promoters, combined with a gene co-expression network analysis aimed at identifying interactions among heat-related genes. RESULTS Results highlighted 82 genes presenting HSEs in the promoter and belonging to one of the 52 gene networks obtained by the GCN analysis; 61 of these also interact with heat shock factors (Hsfs). Finally, a list of 13 candidate genes including two Hsfs, nine heat shock proteins (Hsps) and two GDSL esterase/lipase (GELPs) were retrieved by focusing on those E42 genes exhibiting HSEs in the promoters, interacting with Hsfs and showing variants, compared to Heinz reference genome, with HIGH and/or MODERATE impact on the translated protein. Among these, the Gene Ontology annotation analysis evidenced that only LeHsp100 (Solyc02g088610) belongs to a network specifically involved in the response to heat stress. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, the combination of bioinformatic analyses carried out on genomic and trascriptomic data available for tomato, together with polymorphisms detected in HS-related genes of the thermotolerant E42 allowed to determine a subset of candidate genes involved in the HS response in tomato. This study provides a novel approach in the investigation of abiotic stress response mechanisms and further studies will be conducted to validate the role of the highlighted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Graci
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy.
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Debnath T, Dhar DG, Dhar P. Molecular switches in plant stress adaptation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:20. [PMID: 38108912 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to the global ecosystem, prompting plants to use various adaptive mechanisms via molecular switches to combat biotic and abiotic stress factors. These switches activate stress-induced pathways by altering their configuration between stable states. In this review, we investigated the regulation of molecular switches in different plant species in response to stress, including the stress-regulated response of multiple switches in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also discussed techniques for developing stress-resilient crops using molecular switches through advanced biotechnological tools. The literature search, conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, utilized keywords such as molecular switch, plant adaptation, biotic and abiotic stresses, transcription factors, Arabidopsis thaliana, and crop improvement. Recent studies have shown that a single molecular switch can regulate multiple stress networks, and multiple switches can regulate a single stress condition. This multifactorial understanding provides clarity to the switch regulatory network and highlights the interrelationships of different molecular switches. Advanced breeding techniques, along with genomic and biotechnological tools, have paved the way for further research on molecular switches in crop improvement. The use of synthetic biology in molecular switches will lead to a better understanding of plant stress biology and potentially bring forth a new era of stress-resilient, climate-smart crops worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tista Debnath
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, 111/2 B.T. Road, Bon-Hooghly, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India
| | - Debasmita Ghosh Dhar
- Kataganj Spandan, Social Welfare Organization, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741250, India
| | - Priyanka Dhar
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, 111/2 B.T. Road, Bon-Hooghly, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India.
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8
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Jing H, Wilkinson EG, Sageman-Furnas K, Strader LC. Auxin and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:7000-7014. [PMID: 37591508 PMCID: PMC10690732 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses; these stresses have profound effects on plant growth, survival, and productivity. Tolerance and adaptation to stress require sophisticated stress sensing, signaling, and various regulatory mechanisms. The plant hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, playing pivotal roles in the integration of abiotic stress signals and control of downstream stress responses. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the intersection of auxin and abiotic stress in plants, with a focus on temperature, salt, and drought stresses. We also explore the roles of auxin in stress tolerance and opportunities arising for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jing
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
| | | | | | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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Sun Z, Li J, Guo D, Wang T, Tian Y, Ma C, Liu X, Wang C, Zheng X. Melatonin enhances KCl salinity tolerance by maintaining K + homeostasis in Malus hupehensis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2273-2290. [PMID: 37465981 PMCID: PMC10579713 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of potash fertilizer are often applied to apple (Malus domestica) orchards to enhance fruit quality and yields, but this treatment aggravates KCl-based salinity stress. Melatonin (MT) is involved in a variety of abiotic stress responses in plants. However, its role in KCl stress tolerance is still unknown. In the present study, we determined that an appropriate concentration (100 μm) of MT significantly alleviated KCl stress in Malus hupehensis by enhancing K+ efflux out of cells and compartmentalizing K+ in vacuoles. Transcriptome deep-sequencing analysis identified the core transcription factor gene MdWRKY53, whose expression responded to both KCl and MT treatment. Overexpressing MdWRKY53 enhanced KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants by increasing K+ efflux and K+ compartmentalization. Subsequently, we characterized the transporter genes MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 as downstream targets of MdWRKY53 by ChIP-seq. MdGORK1 localized to the plasma membrane and enhanced K+ efflux to increase KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants. Moreover, overexpressing MdNHX2 enhanced the KCl tolerance of transgenic apple plants/callus by compartmentalizing K+ into the vacuole. RT-qPCR and LUC activity analyses indicated that MdWRKY53 binds to the promoters of MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 and induces their transcription. Taken together, our findings reveal that the MT-WRKY53-GORK1/NHX2-K+ module regulates K+ homeostasis to enhance KCl stress tolerance in apple. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism of apple response to KCl-based salinity stress and lay the foundation for the practical application of MT in salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- College of Life ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jianyu Li
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Dianming Guo
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Tianchao Wang
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Yike Tian
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
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Ma J, Li C, Sun L, Ma X, Qiao H, Zhao W, Yang R, Song S, Wang S, Huang H. The SlWRKY57-SlVQ21/SlVQ16 module regulates salt stress in tomato. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2437-2455. [PMID: 37665103 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress which severely hinders crop production. However, the regulatory network controlling tomato resistance to salt remains unclear. Here, we found that the tomato WRKY transcription factor WRKY57 acted as a negative regulator in salt stress response by directly attenuating the transcription of salt-responsive genes (SlRD29B and SlDREB2) and an ion homeostasis gene (SlSOS1). We further identified two VQ-motif containing proteins SlVQ16 and SlVQ21 as SlWRKY57-interacting proteins. SlVQ16 positively, while SlVQ21 negatively modulated tomato resistance to salt stress. SlVQ16 and SlVQ21 competitively interacted with SlWRKY57 and antagonistically regulated the transcriptional repression activity of SlWRKY57. Additionally, the SlWRKY57-SlVQ21/SlVQ16 module was involved in the pathway of phytohormone jasmonates (JAs) by interacting with JA repressors JA-ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins. These results provide new insights into how the SlWRKY57-SlVQ21/SlVQ16 module finely tunes tomato salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Ma
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chonghua Li
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuechun Ma
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Susheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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Wang L, Li T, Liu N, Liu X. Identification of tomato AHL gene families and functional analysis their roles in fruit development and abiotic stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107931. [PMID: 37557017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The AT-HOOK MOTIF CONTAINING NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant development and stress response. However, the AHL family genes have not been identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and their biological functions have not been elucidated. In this work, the gene families encoding AHLs were identified in tomato genome, and their physical and chemical characteristics, subcellular localization, gene expression profiles during fruit development and upon abiotic stimulus were investigated. Overall, a total of 18 AHL members were identified in tomato genome, phylogenetic analysis classified these SlAHL members into two clades, clade A (SlAHL1-8) and clade B (SlAHL9-18). Six clade A SlAHLs were detected to be subcellular localized in the nucleus. The transcripts of the representative clade A SlAHLs predominantly accumulated 10 days post anthesis (dpa) in tomato fruits, revealing an involvement of these SlAHLs in early fruit development. Furthermore, compared with clade B members, the transcripts of the clade A SlAHLs were more responsive to heat, drought, cold and salt stresses, suggesting that these SlAHLs may play major roles in response to abiotic stresses. Moreover, overexpression of SlAHL1 and SlAHL7 in Arabidopsis increased the sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and seedling stages. Overexpression of SlAHL1 inhibited seed germination while increased primary root elongation upon salt and drought stresses. Together, our work suggested that the clade A SlAHL genes may play an important role in response to abiotic stresses, which paving the way for future functional analysis of AHL genes in tomato and other Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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12
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Horváth E, Kulman K, Tompa B, Hajnal ÁB, Pelsőczi A, Bela K, Gallé Á, Csiszár J. Glutathione Transferases Are Involved in the Genotype-Specific Salt-Stress Response of Tomato Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1682. [PMID: 37759985 PMCID: PMC10525892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are one of the most versatile multigenic enzyme superfamilies. In our experiments, the involvement of the genotype-specific induction of GST genes and glutathione- or redox-related genes in pathways regulating salt-stress tolerance was examined in tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum Moneymaker, Mobil, and Elán F1). The growth of the Mobil plants was adversely affected during salt stress (100 mM of NaCl), which might be the result of lowered glutathione and ascorbate levels, a more positive glutathione redox potential (EGSH), and reduced glutathione reductase (GR) and GST activities. In contrast, the Moneymaker and Elán F1 cultivars were able to restore their growth and exhibited higher GR and inducible GST activities, as well as elevated, non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, indicating their enhanced salt tolerance. Furthermore, the expression patterns of GR, selected GST, and transcription factor genes differed significantly among the three cultivars, highlighting the distinct regulatory mechanisms of the tomato genotypes during salt stress. The correlations between EGSH and gene expression data revealed several robust, cultivar-specific associations, underscoring the complexity of the stress response mechanism in tomatoes. Our results support the cultivar-specific roles of distinct GST genes during the salt-stress response, which, along with WRKY3, WRKY72, DREB1, and DREB2, are important players in shaping the redox status and the development of a more efficient stress tolerance in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Horváth
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Kitti Kulman
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Bernát Tompa
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Barnabás Hajnal
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alina Pelsőczi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Ágnes Gallé
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jolán Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.K.); (B.T.); (Á.B.H.); (A.P.); (K.B.); (Á.G.); (J.C.)
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13
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Pirona R, Frugis G, Locatelli F, Mattana M, Genga A, Baldoni E. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the gene regulatory networks involved in leaf and root response to osmotic stress in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155797. [PMID: 37332696 PMCID: PMC10272567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major horticultural crop that is cultivated worldwide and is characteristic of the Mediterranean agricultural system. It represents a key component of the diet of billion people and an important source of vitamins and carotenoids. Tomato cultivation in open field often experiences drought episodes, leading to severe yield losses, since most modern cultivars are sensitive to water deficit. Water stress leads to changes in the expression of stress-responsive genes in different plant tissues, and transcriptomics can support the identification of genes and pathways regulating this response. Methods Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of two tomato genotypes, M82 and Tondo, in response to a PEG-mediated osmotic treatment. The analysis was conducted separately on leaves and roots to characterize the specific response of these two organs. Results A total of 6,267 differentially expressed transcripts related to stress response was detected. The construction of gene co-expression networks defined the molecular pathways of the common and specific responses of leaf and root. The common response was characterized by ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways, and by the interconnection between ABA and JA signaling. The root-specific response concerned genes involved in cell wall metabolism and remodeling, whereas the leaf-specific response was principally related to leaf senescence and ethylene signaling. The transcription factors representing the hubs of these regulatory networks were identified. Some of them have not yet been characterized and can represent novel candidates for tolerance. Discussion This work shed new light on the regulatory networks occurring in tomato leaf and root under osmotic stress and set the base for an in-depth characterization of novel stress-related genes that may represent potential candidates for improving tolerance to abiotic stress in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Pirona
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Rome Unit, Roma, Italy
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Mattana
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Genga
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Baldoni
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
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14
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhao F, Zhang X, Li W, Huang J, Pei X, Ren X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Ma X, Yang D. Roles of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Derivatives in Salt Tolerance of Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119517. [PMID: 37298464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that restricts cotton growth and affects fiber yield and quality. Although studies on salt tolerance have achieved great progress in cotton since the completion of cotton genome sequencing, knowledge about how cotton copes with salt stress is still scant. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) plays important roles in many organelles with the help of the SAM transporter, and it is also a synthetic precursor for substances such as ethylene (ET), polyamines (PAs), betaine, and lignin, which often accumulate in plants in response to stresses. This review focused on the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of ET and PAs. The current progress of ET and PAs in regulating plant growth and development under salt stress has been summarized. Moreover, we verified the function of a cotton SAM transporter and suggested that it can regulate salt stress response in cotton. At last, an improved regulatory pathway of ET and PAs under salt stress in cotton is proposed for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Fuyong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Junsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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15
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Asaf S, Jan R, Khan MA, Khan AL, Asif S, Bilal S, Ahmad W, Waqas M, Kim KM, Al-Harrasi A, Lee IJ. Unraveling the mutualistic interaction between endophytic Curvularia lunata CSL1 and tomato to mitigate cadmium (Cd) toxicity via transcriptomic insights. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160542. [PMID: 36493827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, endophytic fungus Curvularia lunata strain SL1 was used to explore its bioremediation potential and growth restoration of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under cadmium (Cd) stress. Our findings demonstrate that SL1 establishes a symbiotic relationship with tomato plants, which modulates the antioxidant system, secondary metabolites, and gene expression in tomato plants exposed to Cd stress. Under Cd stress, tomato seedling growth was significantly reduced by up to 42.8 %, although this reduction was mitigated by up to 25 % after SL1 inoculation. Similar to this, SLI inoculation inhibits Cd absorption and translocation to the upper parts of the plant. Additionally, during Cd stress, phytohormones related to stress, including jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET), were elevated; however, SL1 inoculation lowered their level. RNA-Seq data revealed that the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was detected in the comparison between control and 1 mM Cd, followed by 2 mM Cd stress. These DEGs were mostly related to oxidoreductase activity, catalytic activity, plant hormones transduction, and photosynthesis. The findings also suggested that SL1 could improve tomato tolerance to Cd stress by modulating Ca2+ signaling, phytohormone biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, and some transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science, Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, 77479, USA
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, 77479, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Singh D, Debnath P, Sane AP, Sane VA. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) WRKY23 enhances salt and osmotic stress tolerance by modulating the ethylene and auxin pathways in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:330-340. [PMID: 36669348 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is one of the biggest problems in agriculture, which adversely affects crop productivity. Plants adopt several strategies to overcome osmotic stresses that include transcriptional reprogramming and activation of stress responses mediated by different transcription factors and phytohormones. We have identified a WRKY transcription factor from tomato, SlWRKY23, which is induced by mannitol and NaCl treatment. Over-expression of SlWRKY23 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhances osmotic stress tolerance to mannitol and NaCl and affects root growth and lateral root number. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing SlWRKY23 showed reduced electrolyte leakage and higher relative water content than Col-0 plants upon mannitol and NaCl treatment. These lines also showed better membrane integrity with lower MDA content and higher proline content than Col-0. Responses to mannitol were governed by auxin as treatment with TIBA (auxin transport inhibitor) negatively affected the osmotic tolerance in transgenic lines by inhibiting lateral root growth. Similarly, responses to NaCl were controlled by ethylene as treatment with AgNO3 (ethylene perception inhibitor) inhibited the stress response to NaCl by suppressing primary and lateral root growth. The study shows that SlWRKY23, a osmotic stress inducible gene in tomato, imparts tolerance to mannitol and NaCl stress through interaction of the auxin and ethylene pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Pratima Debnath
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Khan I, Asaf S, Jan R, Bilal S, Lubna, Khan AL, Kim KM, Al-Harrasi A. Genome-wide annotation and expression analysis of WRKY and bHLH transcriptional factor families reveal their involvement under cadmium stress in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1100895. [PMID: 36760632 PMCID: PMC9905835 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY and bHLH transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression during various physiological processes in plants, especially in plant stress responses. However, little information about the heavy metal-responsive SlWRKY and SlbHLH in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is available. We performed a genome-wide investigation for these two TF families in S. lycopersicum and determined their role in cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance. Furthermore, ortholog analysis with the Arabidopsis genome led to classifying WRKY and bHLH ortholog genes into nine and 11 clusters, respectively. The comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed duplication events and gene loss in Arabidopsis and S. lycopersicum, which occurred during evolution both before and after the last common ancestor of the two species. Orthologous relationships are also supported by additional evidence, such as gene structure, conserved motif compositions, and protein-protein interaction networks for the majority of genes, suggesting their similar functions. A comprehensive transcriptomics analysis revealed that both WRKY and bHLH genes were differentially expressed in response to cadmium stress as compared with control plants. A gene ontology analysis revealed that most WRKYs and bHLHs are DNA-binding essential proteins that regulate gene expression positively and negatively. Analyses of interaction networks revealed that both WRKYs and bHLHs mediate networks implicated in several stress-signaling pathways. The findings of this work may help us to comprehend the intricate transcriptional control of WRKY and bHLH genes and identify potential stress-responsive genes relevant to tomato genetic improvement. Moreover, identifying heavy metal stress-responsive WRKY and bHLH genes in S. lycopersicum will provide fundamental insights for developing new heavy metal stress-tolerant varieties of tomato crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, United States
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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18
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Kapazoglou A, Gerakari M, Lazaridi E, Kleftogianni K, Sarri E, Tani E, Bebeli PJ. Crop Wild Relatives: A Valuable Source of Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020328. [PMID: 36679041 PMCID: PMC9861506 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth, production, and sustainability worldwide. Moreover, breeding efforts in the past years have focused on improving certain favorable crop traits, leading to genetic bottlenecks. The use of crop wild relatives (CWRs) to expand genetic diversity and improve crop adaptability seems to be a promising and sustainable approach for crop improvement in the context of the ongoing climate challenges. In this review, we present the progress that has been achieved towards CWRs exploitation for enhanced resilience against major abiotic stressors (e.g., water deficiency, increased salinity, and extreme temperatures) in crops of high nutritional and economic value, such as tomato, legumes, and several woody perennial crops. The advances in -omics technologies have facilitated the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that may underlie abiotic stress tolerance. Comparative analyses of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) data between crops and their wild relative counterparts have unraveled important information with respect to the molecular basis of tolerance to abiotic stressors. These studies have uncovered genomic regions, specific stress-responsive genes, gene networks, and biochemical pathways associated with resilience to adverse conditions, such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity, and provide useful tools for the development of molecular markers to be used in breeding programs. CWRs constitute a highly valuable resource of genetic diversity, and by exploiting the full potential of this extended allele pool, new traits conferring abiotic-stress tolerance may be introgressed into cultivated varieties leading to superior and resilient genotypes. Future breeding programs may greatly benefit from CWRs utilization for overcoming crop production challenges arising from extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture (IOSV), Department of Vitis, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra (ELGO-Dimitra), Sofokli Venizelou 1, Lykovrysi, 14123 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gerakari
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Lazaridi
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kleftogianni
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Efi Sarri
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope J. Bebeli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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19
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Venkatesh B, Vennapusa AR, Kumar NJ, Jayamma N, Reddy BM, Johnson AMA, Madhusudan KV, Pandurangaiah M, Kiranmai K, Sudhakar C. Co-expression of stress-responsive regulatory genes, MuNAC4, MuWRKY3 and MuMYB96 associated with resistant-traits improves drought adaptation in transgenic groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea l.) plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055851. [PMID: 36466254 PMCID: PMC9709484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Groundnut, cultivated under rain-fed conditions is prone to yield losses due to intermittent drought stress. Drought tolerance is a complex phenomenon and multiple gene expression required to maintain the cellular tolerance. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate many functional genes involved in tolerance mechanisms. In this study, three stress-responsive regulatory TFs cloned from horse gram, (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.), MuMYB96, involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis; MuWRKY3, associated with anti-oxidant defense mechanism and MuNAC4, tangled with lateral root development were simultaneously expressed to enhance drought stress resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The multigene transgenic groundnut lines showed reduced ROS production, membrane damage, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity, evidencing improved antioxidative defense mechanisms under drought stress. Multigene transgenic plants showed lower proline content, increased soluble sugars, epicuticular wax content and higher relative water content suggesting higher maintenance of tissue water status compared to wildype and mock plants. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a substantial increase in deposition of cuticular waxes and variation in stomatal number in multigene transgenic lines compared to wild type and mock plants. The multigene transgenic plants showed increased growth of lateral roots, chlorophyll content, and stay-green nature in drought stress compared to wild type and mock plants. Expression analysis of transgenes, MuMYB96, MuWRKY3, and MuNAC4 and their downstream target genes, KCS6, KCR1, APX3, CSD1, LBD16 and DBP using qRT-PCR showed a two- to four-fold increase in transcript levels in multigene transgenic groundnut plants over wild type and mock plants under drought stress. Our study demonstrate that introducing multiple genes with simultaneous expression of genes is a viable option to improve stress tolerance and productivity under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Venkatesh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, India
| | - Amaranatha R. Vennapusa
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Nulu Jagadeesh Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, India
| | - N. Jayamma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, India
| | - B. Manohara Reddy
- Department of Botany, Government College (Autonomous), Anantapuram, India
| | | | - K. V. Madhusudan
- Department of Botany, Government College, Cluster University, Kurnool, India
| | - Merum Pandurangaiah
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, India
| | - K. Kiranmai
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, India
| | - Chinta Sudhakar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuram, India
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20
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Molecular Pathways of WRKY Genes in Regulating Plant Salinity Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810947. [PMID: 36142857 PMCID: PMC9502527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a natural and anthropogenic process that plants overcome using various responses. Salinity imposes a two-phase effect, simplified into the initial osmotic challenges and subsequent salinity-specific ion toxicities from continual exposure to sodium and chloride ions. Plant responses to salinity encompass a complex gene network involving osmotic balance, ion transport, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways typically mediated by transcription factors. One particular transcription factor mega family, WRKY, is a principal regulator of salinity responses. Here, we categorize a collection of known salinity-responding WRKYs and summarize their molecular pathways. WRKYs collectively play a part in regulating osmotic balance, ion transport response, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways in plants. Particular attention is given to the hormone signaling pathway to illuminate the relationship between WRKYs and abscisic acid signaling. Observed trends among WRKYs are highlighted, including group II WRKYs as major regulators of the salinity response. We recommend renaming existing WRKYs and adopting a naming system to a standardized format based on protein structure.
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21
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Raziq A, Mohi Ud Din A, Anwar S, Wang Y, Jahan MS, He M, Ling CG, Sun J, Shu S, Guo S. Exogenous spermidine modulates polyamine metabolism and improves stress responsive mechanisms to protect tomato seedlings against salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 187:1-10. [PMID: 35939983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth, development, and crop productivity causing serious economic loss to agricultural production. Here, we investigated the exogenous application of spermidine (Spd) on tomato seedlings grown under salt stress. Salt stress reduced plant growth, biomass accumulation and chlorophyll contents, thus negatively affecting photosynthesis. Alternatively, Spd application effectively reduced the salinity-induced adverse effects in tomato seedlings by activating the H2O2 mediated signaling involving the enhanced expression of RBOH1 and salt stress-responsive genes SlMYB102, SlHKT1, SlWRKY1 and SlDREB2, and improving detoxification through higher antioxidative activity and osmolyte (proline) accumulation under salt stress. It was further confirmed by significantly lower amount of H2O2, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, and better ion homeostasis (Na+/K+ ratio) and photosynthetic performance of Spd-treated seedlings under salt stress. Furthermore, Spd application modulated endogenous polyamines and enhanced the biosynthesis of endogenous Spd and spermine from putrescine. Altogether, these results confirm the important role of Spd against salt stress and suggest that the increased endogenous Spd content in plants could regulate a number of stress-responsive mechanisms to protect tomato seedlings against salt stress. These results provide a good direction for further elucidation of the detailed interplay between polyamine metabolism and H2O2-mediated signaling, which would help to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raziq
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Vegetable and Seed Production Agriculture Research Institute, Village Aid Sariab, Quetta, 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Mingming He
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Guang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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22
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Guo M, Wang XS, Guo HD, Bai SY, Khan A, Wang XM, Gao YM, Li JS. Tomato salt tolerance mechanisms and their potential applications for fighting salinity: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:949541. [PMID: 36186008 PMCID: PMC9515470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.949541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant environmental factors affecting plant growth, development and productivity is salt stress. The damage caused by salt to plants mainly includes ionic, osmotic and secondary stresses, while the plants adapt to salt stress through multiple biochemical and molecular pathways. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops and a model dicot plant. It is moderately sensitive to salinity throughout the period of growth and development. Biotechnological efforts to improve tomato salt tolerance hinge on a synthesized understanding of the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive review of major advances on the mechanisms controlling salt tolerance of tomato in terms of sensing and signaling, adaptive responses, and epigenetic regulation. Additionally, we discussed the potential application of these mechanisms in improving salt tolerance of tomato, including genetic engineering, marker-assisted selection, and eco-sustainable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Facility Horticulture Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui-Dan Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Facility Horticulture Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan-Ming Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Facility Horticulture Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-She Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Facility Horticulture Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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23
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Li L, Hong D, An C, Chen Y, Zhao P, Li X, Xiong F, Ren M, Xu R. Overexpression of TaLAX3-1B alters the stomatal aperture and improves the salt stress resistance of tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7455-7464. [PMID: 35624389 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomata, which play important roles in both optimizing photosynthesis efficiency and adapting to stress, are closely related to IAA and ABA. In plants, the auxin influx carrier LAX3 has been found to play roles in development and stress tolerance. However, the function of LAX3 in stomata and in response to salt stress remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that overexpression of wheat TaLAX3-1B in tobacco results in a decrease in stomatal aperture and a relatively closed state of the stomata. In addition, the stomatal movement of the OxTaLAX3-1B lines was less sensitive to ABA than that of the WT. Consistently, compared with the WT, the OxTaLAX3-1B lines showed significantly higher expression of stomate-, IAA- and ABA-related genes and endogenous IAA and ABA contents. Furthermore, compared with the WT, the OxTaLAX3-1B lines exhibited higher proline content, salt stress-related gene expression and ROS antioxidant enzyme activity but lower MDA content and ROS accumulation after salt treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that TaLAX3-1B plays a positive role in regulating stomatal closure and enhancing salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dingli Hong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chang An
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fumin Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mingjian Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ruhong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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24
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Faqir Napar WP, Kaleri AR, Ahmed A, Nabi F, Sajid S, Ćosić T, Yao Y, Liu J, Raspor M, Gao Y. The anthocyanin-rich tomato genotype LA-1996 displays superior efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity and drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153662. [PMID: 35259587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is affected by high soil salinity and drought stress, which cause major yield losses worldwide. In this work, we compare the efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity, and osmotic stress applied as mannitol or drought, in three tomato genotypes: LA-2838 (Ailsa Craig), LA-2662 (Saladette), and LA-1996 (Anthocyanin fruit - Aft), a genotype known for high anthocyanin content. Exposure to salinity or drought induced stress in all three genotypes, but the LA-1996 plants displayed superior tolerance to stress compared with the other two genotypes. They were more efficient in anthocyanin and proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity, and leaf Na+, K+, and Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, they suffered lesser oxidative damage as measured by chlorophyll (Chl) loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and bioassays showed that they were less affected in terms of seed germination and root elongation. Exposure to stress induced the upregulation of stress-related genes SlNCED1, SlAREB1, SlABF4, SlWRKY8, and SlDREB2A more efficiently in LA-1996 than in the two susceptible genotypes. Conversely, the upregulation of the NADPH oxidase gene SlRBOH1 was more pronounced in LA-2838 and LA-2662. Principal component analysis showed obvious distinction between the tolerant genotype LA-1996 and the susceptible LA-2838 and LA-2662 in response to stress, and association of leaf and stem anthocyanin content with major stress tolerance traits. We suggest that anthocyanin accumulation can be considered as a marker of stress tolerance in tomato, and that LA-1996 can be considered for cultivation in salinity- or drought-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wado Photo Faqir Napar
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Awais Ahmed
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Nabi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumbal Sajid
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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25
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Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers Distinct Expression Patterns Associated with Early Salinity Stress in Annual Ryegrass ( Lolium Multiflorum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063279. [PMID: 35328700 PMCID: PMC8948850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salination is likely to reduce crop production worldwide. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) is one of the most important forages cultivated in temperate and subtropical regions. We performed a time-course comparative transcriptome for salinity-sensitive (SS) and salinity-insensitive (SI) genotypes of the annual ryegrass at six intervals post-stress to describe the transcriptional changes and identify the core genes involved in the early responses to salt stress. Our study generated 215.18 Gb of clean data and identified 7642 DEGs in six pairwise comparisons between the SS and SI genotypes of annual ryegrass. Function enrichment of the DEGs indicated that the differences in lipid, vitamins, and carbohydrate metabolism are responsible for variation in salt tolerance of the SS and SI genotypes. Stage-specific profiles revealed novel regulation mechanisms in salinity stress sensing, phytohormones signaling transduction, and transcriptional regulation of the early salinity responses. High-affinity K+ (HAKs) and high-affinity K1 transporter (HKT1) play different roles in the ionic homeostasis of the two genotypes. Moreover, our results also revealed that transcription factors (TFs), such as WRKYs, ERFs, and MYBs, may have different functions during the early signaling sensing of salt stress, such as WRKYs, ERFs, and MYBs. Generally, our study provides insights into the mechanisms of the early salinity response in the annual ryegrass and accelerates the breeding of salt-tolerant forage.
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26
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Grossi CEM, Santin F, Quintana SA, Fantino E, Ulloa RM. Calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 plays a positive role in the salt stress response in potato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:535-548. [PMID: 33651205 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
StCDPK2 is an early player in the salt stress response in potato plants; its overexpression promoted ROS scavenging, chlorophyll stability, and the induction of stress-responsive genes conferring tolerance to salinity. The salinity of soils affects plant development and is responsible for great losses in crop yields. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are sensor-transducers that decode Ca2+ signatures triggered by abiotic stimuli and translate them into physiological responses. Histochemical analyses of potato plants harboring StCDPK2 promoter fused to the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (ProStCDPK2:GUS) revealed that GUS activity was high in the leaf blade and veins, it was restricted to root tips and lateral root primordia, and was observed upon stolon swelling. Comparison with ProStCDPK1:GUS and ProStCDPK3:GUS plants revealed their differential activities in the plant tissues. ProStCDPK2:GUS plants exposed to high salt presented enhanced GUS activity in roots which correlated with the numerous stress-responsive sites predicted in its promoter sequence. Moreover, StCDPK2 expression increased in in vitro potato plants after 2 h of high salt exposure and in greenhouse plants exposed to a dynamic stress condition. As inferred from biometric data and chlorophyll content, plants that overexpress StCDPK2 were more tolerant than wild-type plants when exposed to high salt. Overexpressing plants have a more efficient antioxidant system; they showed reduced accumulation of peroxide and higher catalase activity under salt conditions, and enhanced expression of WRKY6 and ERF5 transcription factors under control conditions. Our results indicate that StCDPK2 is an early player in the salt stress response and support a positive correlation between StCDPK2 overexpression and tolerance towards salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Eugenia María Grossi
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Santin
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (IBODA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silverio Andrés Quintana
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Elisa Fantino
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur le Métabolisme Spécialisé Végétal, Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Rita María Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Behera TK, Krishna R, Ansari WA, Aamir M, Kumar P, Kashyap SP, Pandey S, Kole C. Approaches Involved in the Vegetable Crops Salt Stress Tolerance Improvement: Present Status and Way Ahead. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787292. [PMID: 35281697 PMCID: PMC8916085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses as it persists throughout the plant life cycle. The productivity of crops is prominently affected by soil salinization due to faulty agricultural practices, increasing human activities, and natural processes. Approximately 10% of the total land area (950 Mha) and 50% of the total irrigated area (230 Mha) in the world are under salt stress. As a consequence, an annual loss of 12 billion US$ is estimated because of reduction in agriculture production inflicted by salt stress. The severity of salt stress will increase in the upcoming years with the increasing world population, and hence the forced use of poor-quality soil and irrigation water. Unfortunately, majority of the vegetable crops, such as bean, carrot, celery, eggplant, lettuce, muskmelon, okra, pea, pepper, potato, spinach, and tomato, have very low salinity threshold (ECt, which ranged from 1 to 2.5 dS m-1 in saturated soil). These crops used almost every part of the world and lakes' novel salt tolerance gene within their gene pool. Salt stress severely affects the yield and quality of these crops. To resolve this issue, novel genes governing salt tolerance under extreme salt stress were identified and transferred to the vegetable crops. The vegetable improvement for salt tolerance will require not only the yield influencing trait but also target those characters or traits that directly influence the salt stress to the crop developmental stage. Genetic engineering and grafting is the potential tool which can improve salt tolerance in vegetable crop regardless of species barriers. In the present review, an updated detail of the various physio-biochemical and molecular aspects involved in salt stress have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Krishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Mohd Aamir
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
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28
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Identification and Characterization of WRKY41, a Gene Conferring Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Wild Tomato ( Solanum habrochaites) LA1777. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031267. [PMID: 35163190 PMCID: PMC8836203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKYs, a large family of transcription factors, are involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the role of them in tomato resistance to Oidium neolycopersici is still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the role of WRKYs in powdery mildew-resistant wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites) LA1777 defense against O. neolycopersici strain lz (On-lz) using a combination of omics, classical plant pathology- and cell biology-based approaches. A total of 27 WRKYs, belonging to group I, II, and III, were identified as differentially expressed genes in LA1777 against On-lz. It was found that expression of ShWRKY41 was increased after Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, On-lz and Botrytiscinerea B05 inoculation or ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) treatment. GUS staining of ShWRKY41 promoter indicated that the expression of ShWRKY41 could be induced by SA and ethylene. Furthermore, ShWRKY41 gene silencing reduced the resistance to On-lz infection by decreasing the generation of H2O2 and HR in LA1777 seedlings. Overall, our research suggests that ShWRKY41 plays a positive role in defense activation and host resistance to O. neolycopersici in wild tomato (S. habrochaites) LA1777.
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29
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Shu P, Zhang S, Li Y, Wang X, Yao L, Sheng J, Shen L. Over-expression of SlWRKY46 in tomato plants increases susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea by modulating ROS homeostasis and SA and JA signaling pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:1-9. [PMID: 34087740 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
WRKY, as one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs), binds to cis-acting elements of downstream genes to regulate biotic and abiotic stress. However, the role of SlWRKY46 in fungal disease response induced by Botrytis cinerea (B.cinerea) and potential mechanism remains obscure. To ascertain the role of SlWRKY46 in response to B.cinerea, we constructed SlWRKY46-overexpression plants, which were then inoculated with B.cinerea. SlWRKY46-overexpression plants were more susceptible to B.cinerea and accompanied by the inhibited activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU). Additionally, SlWRKY46-overexpression plants showed the decreased activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of H2O2, and the increased content of O2•-. Moreover, over-expression of SlWRKY46 suppressed the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) marker genes, pathogenesis related protein (PR1), and proteinase inhibitors (PI Ⅰ and PI Ⅱ) and consequently aggravated the disease symptoms. Therefore, we speculated that SlWRKY46 played negative regulatory roles in B. cinerea infection probably by inhibiting the activities of antioxidants and disease resistance enzymes, regulating SA and JA signaling pathways and modulating reactive oxygen (ROS) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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DAP-Seq Identification of Transcription Factor-Binding Sites in Potato. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34448158 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1609-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and adaptation to environmental fluctuations involve a tight control of cellular processes which, to a great extent, are mediated by changes at the transcriptional level. This regulation is exerted by transcription factors (TFs), a group of regulatory proteins that control gene expression by directly binding to the gene promoter regions via their cognate TF-binding sites (TFBS). The nature of TFBS defines the pattern of expression of the various plant loci, the precise combinatorial assembly of these elements being key in conferring plant's adaptation ability and in domestication. As such, TFs are main potential targets for biotechnological interventions, prompting in the last decade notable protein-DNA interaction efforts toward definition of their TFBS. Distinct methods based on in vivo or in vitro approaches defined the TFBS for many TFs, mainly in Arabidopsis, but comprehensive information on the transcriptional networks for many regulators is still lacking, especially in crops. In this chapter, detailed protocols for DAP-seq studies to unbiased identification of TFBS in potato are provided. This methodology relies on the affinity purification of genomic DNA-protein complexes in vitro, and high-throughput sequencing of the eluted DNA fragments. DAP-seq outperforms other in vitro DNA-motif definition strategies, such as protein-binding microarrays and SELEX-seq, since the protein of interest is directly bound to the genomic DNA extracted from plants yielding all the potential sites bound by the TF in the genome. Actually, data generated from DAP-seq experiments are highly similar to those out of ChIP-seq methods, but are generated much faster. We also provide a standard procedure to the analysis of the DAP-seq data, addressed to non-experienced users, that involves two consecutive steps: (1) processing of raw data (trimming, filtering, and read alignment) and (2) peak calling and identification of enriched motifs. This method allows identification of the binding profiles of dozens of TFs in crops, in a timely manner.
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Hussain Q, Asim M, Zhang R, Khan R, Farooq S, Wu J. Transcription Factors Interact with ABA through Gene Expression and Signaling Pathways to Mitigate Drought and Salinity Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1159. [PMID: 34439825 PMCID: PMC8393639 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among abiotic stressors, drought and salinity seriously affect crop growth worldwide. In plants, research has aimed to increase stress-responsive protein synthesis upstream or downstream of the various transcription factors (TFs) that alleviate drought and salinity stress. TFs play diverse roles in controlling gene expression in plants, which is necessary to regulate biological processes, such as development and environmental stress responses. In general, plant responses to different stress conditions may be either abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent or ABA-independent. A detailed understanding of how TF pathways and ABA interact to cause stress responses is essential to improve tolerance to drought and salinity stress. Despite previous progress, more active approaches based on TFs are the current focus. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the recent advancements in complex cascades of gene expression during drought and salinity responses, especially identifying the specificity and crosstalk in ABA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. This review also highlights the transcriptional regulation of gene expression governed by various key TF pathways, including AP2/ERF, bHLH, bZIP, DREB, GATA, HD-Zip, Homeo-box, MADS-box, MYB, NAC, Tri-helix, WHIRLY, WOX, WRKY, YABBY, and zinc finger, operating in ABA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266101, China; (M.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266101, China; (M.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Saqib Farooq
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
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Ahammed GJ, Li X, Mao Q, Wan H, Zhou G, Cheng Y. The SlWRKY81 transcription factor inhibits stomatal closure by attenuating nitric oxide accumulation in the guard cells of tomato under drought. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:885-895. [PMID: 33063343 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play multifaceted roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Previously, we found that SlWRKY81 negatively regulates tomato tolerance to drought; however, the mechanisms of stomatal regulation in response to drought remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that drought-induced upregulation in the SlWRKY81 transcripts induced photoinhibition and reduced the net photosynthetic rate in tomato leaves. However, silencing SlWRKY81 alleviated those inhibitions and minimized the drought-induced damage. A time-course of water loss showed that SlWRKY81 silencing significantly and consistently reduced leaf water loss, suggesting a role for SlWRKY81 in stomatal movement. Further analysis using light microscopy revealed that SlWRKY81 silencing significantly decreased stomatal aperture and increased the ratio of length to width of stomata under drought. Both biochemical assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that drought-induced upregulation in SlWRKY81 expression inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in the guard cells, which was attributed to the simultaneous declines in the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and NR expression in tomato leaves. The inspection of 3-kb sequences upstream of the predicted transcriptional start site of the NR identified three copies of the core W-box (TTGACC/T) sequence in the promoter region, indicating possible targets of SlWRKY81. Taken together, these data suggest that SlWRKY81 potentially represses NR transcription and thus reduces NO accumulation to attenuate stomatal closure and subsequent drought tolerance. These findings provide an improved understanding of the mechanism of WRKY-induced regulation of stomatal closure, which can be exploited in the future to enhance drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Mao
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Rezaei Cherati S, Shanmugam S, Pandey K, Khodakovskaya MV. Whole-Transcriptome Responses to Environmental Stresses in Agricultural Crops Treated with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4292-4301. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Rezaei Cherati
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Sudha Shanmugam
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Mariya V. Khodakovskaya
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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Liu H, Wang L, Jing X, Chen Y, Hu F. Functional analysis of CgWRKY57 from Cymbidium goeringii in ABA response. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10982. [PMID: 33665039 PMCID: PMC7908890 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The orchid is one of the top ten Chinese flowers and has high ornamental value and elegant color. However, orchids are vulnerable to abiotic stresses during their growth and development, and the molecular mechanism of the abiotic stress response in orchids is unclear. WRKY proteins belong to a transcription factor family that plays important roles in biotic stress, abiotic stress, growth and development in plants, but little is known about the WRKY family in Cymbidium goeringii. Methods The specific fragment of the CgWRKY57 gene of C. goeringii was analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression of the CgWRKY57 gene of C. goeringii under 4 °C, 42 °C water and ABA stress as well as different tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. CgWRKY57 gene was overexpressed in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana by inflorescence infection method, and the function of transgenic lines under ABA stress was analyzed. Results CgWRKY57 was cloned from C. goeringii and found to encode 303 amino acids. The CgWRKY57 protein is an acidic, nonsecreted hydrophilic protein without a signal peptide or transmembrane domain. The CgWRKY57 protein is located to the nucleus and may function intracellularly according to its predicted subcellular localization. A domain analysis and homology comparison showed that the CgWRKY57 protein has a "WRKYGQK" domain and belongs to Group III of the WRKY family, and a phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CgWRKY57 is closely related to OsWRKY47. CgWRKY57 was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves and floral organs of C. goeringii, and its expression level was highest in the roots according to real-time qPCR analysis. There were significant differences in CgWRKY57 expression under 4 °C, 42 °C ABA and water stress treatments, and its expression changed greatly under ABA stress. The expression of CgWRKY57 in transgenic plants was significantly higher than that in wild type plants under ABA stress, and the root length and germination rate were reduced in transgenic plants compared to wild type plants. Conclusions These results indicate that CgWRKY57 overexpression is responsive to ABA stress, and they provide a foundation for future analyses of the biological functions of the WRKY family in C. goeringii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianping Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xijun Jing
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengrong Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tamang P, Richards JK, Solanki S, Ameen G, Sharma Poudel R, Deka P, Effertz K, Clare SJ, Hegstad J, Bezbaruah A, Li X, Horsley RD, Friesen TL, Brueggeman RS. The Barley HvWRKY6 Transcription Factor Is Required for Resistance Against Pyrenophora teres f. teres. Front Genet 2021; 11:601500. [PMID: 33519904 PMCID: PMC7844392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.601500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley is an important cereal crop worldwide because of its use in the brewing and distilling industry. However, adequate supplies of quality malting barley are threatened by global climate change due to drought in some regions and excess precipitation in others, which facilitates epidemics caused by fungal pathogens. The disease net form net blotch caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) has emerged as a global threat to barley production and diverse populations of Ptt have shown a capacity to overcome deployed genetic resistances. The barley line CI5791 exhibits remarkably effective resistance to diverse Ptt isolates from around the world that maps to two major QTL on chromosomes 3H and 6H. To identify genes involved in this effective resistance, CI5791 seed were γ-irradiated and two mutants, designated CI5791-γ3 and CI5791-γ8, with compromised Ptt resistance were identified from an M2 population. Phenotyping of CI5791-γ3 and -γ8 × Heartland F2 populations showed three resistant to one susceptible segregation ratios and CI5791-γ3 × -γ8 F1 individuals were susceptible, thus these independent mutants are in a single allelic gene. Thirty-four homozygous mutant (susceptible) CI5791-γ3 × Heartland F2 individuals, representing 68 recombinant gametes, were genotyped via PCR genotype by sequencing. The data were used for single marker regression mapping placing the mutation on chromosome 3H within an approximate 75 cM interval encompassing the 3H CI5791 resistance QTL. Sequencing of the mutants and wild-type (WT) CI5791 genomic DNA following exome capture identified independent mutations of the HvWRKY6 transcription factor located on chromosome 3H at ∼50.7 cM, within the genetically delimited region. Post transcriptional gene silencing of HvWRKY6 in barley line CI5791 resulted in Ptt susceptibility, confirming that it functions in NFNB resistance, validating it as the gene underlying the mutant phenotypes. Allele analysis and transcript regulation of HvWRKY6 from resistant and susceptible lines revealed sequence identity and upregulation upon pathogen challenge in all genotypes analyzed, suggesting a conserved transcription factor is involved in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen. We hypothesize that HvWRKY6 functions as a conserved signaling component of defense mechanisms that restricts Ptt growth in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Tamang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Jonathan K Richards
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Gazala Ameen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Roshan Sharma Poudel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Priyanka Deka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Karl Effertz
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Shaun J Clare
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Justin Hegstad
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Achintya Bezbaruah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Richard D Horsley
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Cereal Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Argiculture - Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Jia H, Wang X, Wei T, Wang M, Liu X, Hua L, Ren X, Guo J, Li J. Exogenous salicylic acid regulates cell wall polysaccharides synthesis and pectin methylation to reduce Cd accumulation of tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111550. [PMID: 33254408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is harmful to plant growth and can be easily transferred from soil to plants. Plant cell wall plays important role in preventing Cd from entering cells. Salicylic acid (SA) mediated defense response increases plant resistance to heavy metals. In this study, all tomato seedlings were pre-treated with 100 μM SA for 3 d, then seedlings were used to analyze the role of SA in regulating plant cell wall resistance to Cd stress. The results showed that exogenous SA significantly reduced Cd accumulation in tomato plants and changed Cd distribution. By analyzing the cell wall composition, it was found cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin were induced by SA. Interestingly, the content of Cd in pectin decreased by SA pretreatment, however it was increased in cellulose. Gene expression analysis showed SA up-regulated the expression level of lignin and cellulose synthase genes, but down-regulated the expression of pectin methylesterase related genes. In addition, SA down-regulated the activity of pectin methylesterase. These results indicated that SA pretreatment up-regulated cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and related gene expression to thicken the cell wall and block Cd from passing through. Furthermore, SA decreased pectin methylesterase activity and content to reduce cell wall Cd accumulation and change the Cd partition ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongLei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - XiaoHong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Li Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - XinHao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - JunKang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Saikia B, Debbarma J, Maharana J, Singha DL, Velmuruagan N, Dekaboruah H, Arunkumar KP, Chikkaputtaiah C. SlHyPRP1 and DEA1, the multiple stress responsive eight-cysteine motif family genes of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) are expressed tissue specifically, localize and interact at cytoplasm and plasma membrane in vivo. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2553-2568. [PMID: 33424164 PMCID: PMC7772121 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to rapid global climate change, the occurrence of multiple abiotic stresses is known to influence the outburst of biotic stress factors which affects crop productivity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular and cell biology of key genes associated with multiple stress responses in crop plants. SlHyPRP1 and DEA1, the members of eight-cysteine motif (8CM) family genes have been recently identified as putative regulators of multiple stress responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). In order to gain deeper insight into cell and molecular biology of SlHyPRP1 and DEA1, we performed their expression analysis in three tomato cultivars and in vivo cell biological analysis. The semi-quantitative PCR and qRT-PCR results showed the higher expression of SlHyPRP1 and DEA1 in leaf, stem, flower and root tissues as compared to fruit and seed tissues in all three cultivars. The expression levels of SlHyPRP1 and DEA1 were found to be relatively higher in a wilt susceptible tomato cultivar (Arka Vikas) than a multiple disease resistant cultivar (Arka Abhed). In vivo cell biological analysis through Gateway cloning and Bi-FC assay revealed the predominant sub-cellular localization and strong protein-protein interaction of SlHyPRP1 and DEA1 at the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Moreover, SlHyPRP1 showed in vivo interaction with stress responsive proteins WRKY3 and MST1. Our findings suggest that SlHyPRP1 with DEA1 are co-expressed with tissue specificity and might function together by association with WRKY3 and MST1 in plasma membrane for regulating multiple stress responses in the tomato plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Saikia
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785 006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Johni Debbarma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785 006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Distributed Information Centre (DIC), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam India
- Present Address: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Dhanawantari L. Singha
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785 006 India
| | - Natarajan Velmuruagan
- Biological Sciences Division, Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, CSIR-NEIST, Arunachal Pradesh, Naharlagun, 791 110 India
| | - Hariprasanna Dekaboruah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785 006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Kallare P. Arunkumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute (CMER&TI), Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam, 785 700 India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785 006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
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Neang S, de Ocampo M, Egdane JA, Platten JD, Ismail AM, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Skoulding NS, Kano-Nakata M, Yamauchi A, Mitsuya S. A GWAS approach to find SNPs associated with salt removal in rice leaf sheath. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1193-1202. [PMID: 33009812 PMCID: PMC7684702 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ability for salt removal at the leaf sheath level is considered to be one of the major mechanisms associated with salt tolerance in rice. Thus, understanding the genetic control of the salt removal capacity in leaf sheaths will help improve the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties and speed up future varietal development to increase productivity in salt-affected areas. We report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with salt removal in leaf sheaths of rice. METHODS In this study, 296 accessions of a rice (Oryza sativa) diversity panel were used to identify salt removal-related traits and conduct GWAS using 36 901 SNPs. The sheath:blade ratio of Na+ and Cl- concentrations was used to determine the salt removal ability in leaf sheaths. Candidate genes were further narrowed via Gene Ontology and RNA-seq analysis to those whose putative function was likely to be associated with salt transport and were up-regulated in response to salt stress. KEY RESULTS For the association signals of the Na+ sheath:blade ratio, significant SNPs were found only in the indica sub-population on chromosome 5. Within candidate genes found in the GWAS study, five genes were upregulated and eight genes were downregulated in the internal leaf sheath tissues in the presence of salt stress. CONCLUSIONS These GWAS data imply that rice accessions in the indica variety group are the main source of genes and alleles associated with Na+ removal in leaf sheaths of rice under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Neang
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - James A Egdane
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | - Masahide Seki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Mana Kano-Nakata
- International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Mitsuya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Investigation of an Antioxidative System for Salinity Tolerance in Oenanthe javanica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100940. [PMID: 33019501 PMCID: PMC7601823 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, such as drought and salinity, severely affect the growth and yield of many plants. Oenanthe javanica (commonly known as water dropwort) is an important vegetable that is grown in the saline-alkali soils of East Asia, where salinity is the limiting environmental factor. To study the defense mechanism of salt stress responses in water dropwort, we studied two water dropwort cultivars, V11E0022 and V11E0135, based on phenotypic and physiological indexes. We found that V11E0022 were tolerant to salt stress, as a result of good antioxidant defense system in the form of osmolyte (proline), antioxidants (polyphenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant enzymes (APX and CAT), which provided novel insights for salt-tolerant mechanisms. Then, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process could reduce oxidative stress and enhance energy production that can help in adaptation against salt stress. Similarly, lipid metabolic processes can also enhance tolerance against salt stress by reducing the transpiration rate, H2O2, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that DEGs involved in hormone signals transduction pathway promoted the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative stress; likewise, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavonoid pathways also stimulated the biosynthesis of proline and flavonoids, respectively, in response to salt stress. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) were also identified, which play an important role in salt stress tolerance of water dropwort. The finding of this study will be helpful for crop improvement under salt stress.
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Understanding salt tolerance mechanism using transcriptome profiling and de novo assembly of wild tomato Solanum chilense. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15835. [PMID: 32985535 PMCID: PMC7523002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity affects the plant growth and productivity detrimentally, but Solanum chilense, a wild relative of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), is known to have exceptional salt tolerance. It has precise adaptations against direct exposure to salt stress conditions. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanism to salinity stress tolerance by S. chilense can be accomplished by comprehensive gene expression studies. In this study 1-month-old seedlings of S. chilense and S. lycopersicum were subjected to salinity stress through application of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Through RNA-sequencing here we have studied the differences in the gene expression patterns. A total of 386 million clean reads were obtained through RNAseq analysis using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Clean reads were further assembled de novo into a transcriptome dataset comprising of 514,747 unigenes with N50 length of 578 bp and were further aligned to the public databases. Genebank non-redundant (Nr), Viridiplantae, Gene Ontology (GO), KOG, and KEGG databases classification suggested enrichment of these unigenes in 30 GO categories, 26 KOG, and 127 pathways, respectively. Out of 265,158 genes that were differentially expressed in response to salt treatment, 134,566 and 130,592 genes were significantly up and down-regulated, respectively. Upon placing all the differentially expressed genes (DEG) in known signaling pathways, it was evident that most of the DEGs involved in cytokinin, ethylene, auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and Ca2+ mediated signaling pathways were up-regulated. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis was performed using REVIGO and up-regulation of multiple genes involved in various biological processes in chilense under salinity were identified. Through pathway analysis of DEGs, “Wnt signaling pathway” was identified as a novel pathway for the response to the salinity stress. Moreover, key genes for salinity tolerance, such as genes encoding proline and arginine metabolism, ROS scavenging system, transporters, osmotic regulation, defense and stress response, homeostasis and transcription factors were not only salt-induced but also showed higher expression in S. chilense as compared to S. lycopersicum. Thus indicating that these genes may have an important role in salinity tolerance in S. chilense. Overall, the results of this study improve our understanding on possible molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in plants in general and tomato in particular.
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Ribba T, Garrido-Vargas F, O'Brien JA. Auxin-mediated responses under salt stress: from developmental regulation to biotechnological applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3843-3853. [PMID: 32433743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses commonly found in nature. To survive, plants have developed complex responses that involve genetic, epigenetic, cellular, and morphological modifications. Among different environmental cues, salt stress has emerged as a critical problem contributing to yield losses and marked reductions in crop production. Moreover, as the climate changes, it is expected that salt stress will have a significant impact on crop production in the agroindustry. On a mechanistic level, salt stress is known to be regulated by the crosstalk of many signaling molecules such as phytohormones, with auxin having been described as a key mediator of the process. Auxin plays an important role in plant developmental responses and stress, modulating a complex balance of biosynthesis, transport, and signaling that among other things, finely tune physiological changes in plant architecture and Na+ accumulation. In this review, we describe current knowledge on auxin's role in modulating the salt stress response. We also discuss recent and potential biotechnological approaches to tackling salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ribba
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Garrido-Vargas
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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Song Y, Li J, Sui Y, Han G, Zhang Y, Guo S, Sui N. The sweet sorghum SbWRKY50 is negatively involved in salt response by regulating ion homeostasis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:603-614. [PMID: 32052233 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family is involved in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. Its members contain a typical WRKY domain and can regulate plant physiological responses by binding to W-boxes in the promoter regions of downstream target genes. We identified the sweet sorghum SbWRKY50 (Sb09g005700) gene, which encodes a typical class II of the WRKY family protein that localizes to the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. The expression of SbWRKY50 in sweet sorghum was reduced by salt stress, and its ectopic expression reduced the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Compared with the wild type, the germination rate, root length, biomass and potassium ion content of SbWRKY50 over-expression plants decreased significantly under salt-stress conditions, while the hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and sodium ion contents increased. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of AtSOS1, AtHKT1 and genes related to osmotic and oxidative stresses in over-expression strains decreased under salt-stress conditions. Luciferase complementation imaging and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that SbWRKY50 could directly bind to the upstream promoter of the SOS1 gene in A. thaliana. However, in sweet sorghum, SbWRKY50 could directly bind to the upstream promoters of SOS1 and HKT1. These results suggest that the new WRKY transcription factor SbWRKY50 participates in plant salt response by controlling ion homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms are different in sweet sorghum and Arabidopsis, which may explain their different salt tolerance levels. The data provide information that can be applied to genetically modifying salt tolerance in different crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Li C, Liu X, Ruan H, Zhang J, Xie F, Gai J, Yang S. GmWRKY45 Enhances Tolerance to Phosphate Starvation and Salt Stress, and Changes Fertility in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1714. [PMID: 32082335 PMCID: PMC7000756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY protein is a unique transcription factor (TF) and plays an important role in the physiological processes of various stress responses and plant development. In this research, we obtained a WRKY TF gene from soybean by homologous cloning, and named it GmWRKY45. GmWRKY45 is a nuclear protein containing a highly conserved WRKY domain and a C2H2 zinc finger structure, and mainly expressed in roots, flowers and pods of soybean. The quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that GmWRKY45 was induced by phosphate starvation and salt stress. As compared with the wild type (WT), overexpression of GmWRKY45 increased the adaptability of transgenic Arabidopsis to phosphate starvation, which might be related to the enhancement of lateral root development. The phosphorus concentration, fresh weight and dry weight of GmWRKY45-overexpressing Arabidopsis were higher than those of WT under Pi-sufficient or Pi-deficient condition. Meantime, the expression of phosphate-responsive genes was affected in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, GmWRKY45 improved the salt tolerance and changed fertility of transgenic Arabidopsis. Under salt stress, we found the survival rate and soluble sugar content of transgenic Arabidopsis were significantly higher than those of WT. In a conventional soil pot experiment, the transgenic Arabidopsis produced shorter silique, less and larger seeds than WT, these might be due to partial abortion of pollens. The overall results showed that GmWRKY45 was not only involved in response to abiotic stress but also related to fertility, suggested that GmWRKY45 had an elaborate regulatory system in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Tolosa LN, Zhang Z. The Role of Major Transcription Factors in Solanaceous Food Crops under Different Stress Conditions: Current and Future Perspectives. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010056. [PMID: 31906447 PMCID: PMC7020414 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and productivity are adversely affected by environmental stresses such as drought (osmotic stress), soil salinity, cold, oxidative stress, irradiation, and diverse diseases. These impacts are of increasing concern in light of climate change. Noticeably, plants have developed their adaptive mechanism to respond to environmental stresses by transcriptional activation of stress-responsive genes. Among the known transcription factors, DoF, WRKY, MYB, NAC, bZIP, ERF, ARF and HSF are those widely associated with abiotic and biotic stress response in plants. Genome-wide identification and characterization analyses of these transcription factors have been almost completed in major solanaceous food crops, emphasizing these transcription factor families which have much potential for the improvement of yield, stress tolerance, reducing marginal land and increase the water use efficiency of solanaceous crops in arid and semi-arid areas where plant demand more water. Most importantly, transcription factors are proteins that play a key role in improving crop yield under water-deficient areas and a place where the severity of pathogen is very high to withstand the ongoing climate change. Therefore, this review highlights the role of major transcription factors in solanaceous crops, current and future perspectives in improving the crop traits towards abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and beyond. We have tried to accentuate the importance of using genome editing molecular technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, Virus-induced gene silencing and some other methods to improve the plant potential in giving yield under unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemessa Negasa Tolosa
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebie Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebie Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence:
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Gao YF, Liu JK, Yang FM, Zhang GY, Wang D, Zhang L, Ou YB, Yao YA. The WRKY transcription factor WRKY8 promotes resistance to pathogen infection and mediates drought and salt stress tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:98-117. [PMID: 31017672 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play a key role in the tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses across various crop species, but the function of some WRKY genes, particularly in tomato, remains unexplored. Here, we characterize the roles of a previously unstudied WRKY gene, SlWRKY8, in the resistance to pathogen infection and the tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Expression of SlWRKY8 was up-regulated upon Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst. DC3000), abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and cold, as well as ABA and SA treatments. The SlWRKY8 protein was localized to the nucleus with no transcription activation in yeast, but it could activate W-box-dependent transcription in plants. The overexpression of SlWRKY8 in tomato conferred a greater resistance to the pathogen Pst. DC3000 and resulted in the increased transcription levels of two pathogen-related genes SlPR1a1 and SlPR7. Moreover, transgenic plants displayed the alleviated wilting or chlorosis phenotype under drought and salt stresses, with higher levels of stress-induced osmotic substances like proline and higher transcript levels of the stress-responsive genes SlAREB, SlDREB2A and SlRD29. Stomatal aperature was smaller under drought stress in transgenic plants, maintaining higher water content in leaves compared with wild-type plants. The oxidative pressure, indicated by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA), was also reduced in transgenic plants, where we also observed higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities under stress. Overall, our results suggest that SlWRKY8 functions as a positive regulator in plant immunity against pathogen infection as well as in plant responses to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ming Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-An Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
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Lin J, Dang F, Chen Y, Guan D, He S. CaWRKY27 negatively regulates salt and osmotic stress responses in pepper. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:43-51. [PMID: 31665666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are key regulatory components of plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In pepper (Capsicum annuum), CaWRKY27 positively regulates resistance to the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and negatively regulates thermotolerance. Here, we report that CaWRKY27 functions in the response to salinity and osmotic stress. CaWRKY27 transcription was induced by salinity, osmotic, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, as determined using qPCR and GUS assays. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants heterologously expressing CaWRKY27 had an increased sensitivity to salinity and osmotic stress, with a higher inhibition of both root elongation and whole plant growth, more severe chlorosis and wilting, lower germination rates, and an enhanced germination sensitivity to ABA than the corresponding wild-type plants. Furthermore, most marker genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and polyamine and ABA biosynthesis, as well as stress-responsive genes NtDREB3, were downregulated in plants transgenically expressing CaWRKY27 upon exposure to salinity or osmotic stress. Consistently, silencing of CaWRKY27 using virus-induced gene silencing conferred tolerance to salinity and osmotic stress in pepper plants. These findings suggest that CaWRKY27 acts as a molecular link in the antagonistic crosstalk regulating the expression of defense-related genes in the responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses by acting either as a transcriptional activator or repressor in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Fengfeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Horticulture Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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Salinas-Cornejo J, Madrid-Espinoza J, Ruiz-Lara S. Identification and transcriptional analysis of SNARE vesicle fusion regulators in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during plant development and a comparative analysis of the response to salt stress with wild relatives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 242:153018. [PMID: 31472447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular vesicular trafficking ensures the exchange of lipids and proteins between the membranous compartments. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) play a central role in membrane fusion and they are key factors for vesicular trafficking in plants, including crops economically important such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Taking advantage of the complete genome sequence available of S. lycopersicum, we identified 63 genes that encode putative SNARE proteins. Then, phylogenetic analysis allowed the classification of SNAREs in five main groups and recognizing their possible functions. A structure analysis of the genes, their syntenic relationships and their location in the chromosomes were also carried out for their characterization. In addition, the expression profiles of SNARE genes in different tissues were investigated using microarray-based analysis. The results indicated that specific SNAREs had a higher induction in leaf, root, flower and mature green fruit. S. lycopersicum is characterized for being a crop sensitive to saline stress unlike its wild relatives, such as Solanum pennellii, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Solanum habrochaites or Solanum chilense, which are tolerant. In this context, we analyzed different microarrays and evaluated and validated the transcript levels through qRT-PCR experiments. The results showed that SlGOS12.2, SlVAMP727 and SlSYP51.2 could have a positive relationship with salt stress and probably an important role in their tolerance. All these data increase our knowledge and can also be utilized to identify potential molecular targets for conferring tolerance to various stresses in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselyn Salinas-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - José Madrid-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Du C, Ma B, Wu Z, Li N, Zheng L, Wang Y. Reaumuria trigyna transcription factor RtWRKY23 enhances salt stress tolerance and delays flowering in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 239:38-51. [PMID: 31181407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna (Reaumuria Linn genus, family Tamaricaceae), an endangered dicotyledonous shrub with the features of a recretohalophyte, is endemic to the Eastern Alxa-Western Ordos area of China. Based on R. trigyna transcriptome data and expression pattern analysis of RtWRKYs, RtWRKY23, a Group II WRKY transcription factor, was isolated from R. trigyna cDNA. RtWRKY23 was mainly expressed in the stem and was induced by salt, drought, cold, ultraviolet radiation, and ABA treatments, but suppressed by heat treatment. Overexpression of RtWRKY23 in Arabidopsis increased chlorophyll content, root length, and fresh weight of the transgenic lines under salt stress. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis and yeast one-hybrid analysis demonstrated that RtWRKY23 protein directly or indirectly modulated the expression levels of downstream genes, including stress-related genes AtPOD, AtPOD22, AtPOD23, AtP5CS1, AtP5CS2, and AtPRODH2, and reproductive development-related genes AtMAF5, AtHAT1, and AtANT. RtWRKY23 transgenic Arabidopsis had higher proline content, peroxidase activity, and superoxide anion clearance rate, and lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde content than WT plants under salt stress conditions. Moreover, RtWRKY23 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited later flowering and shorter pods, but little change in seed yield, compared with WT plants under salt stress. Our study demonstrated that RtWRKY23 not only enhanced salt stress tolerance through maintaining the ROS and osmotic balances in plants, but also participated in the regulation of flowering under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, PR China.
| | - Binjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China.
| | - Ningning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China.
| | - Linlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, PR China.
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Deforges J, Reis RS, Jacquet P, Vuarambon DJ, Poirier Y. Prediction of regulatory long intergenic non-coding RNAs acting in trans through base-pairing interactions. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:601. [PMID: 31331261 PMCID: PMC6647327 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) can act as regulators of expression of protein-coding genes. Trans-natural antisense transcripts (trans-NATs) are a type of lincRNAs that contain sequence complementary to mRNA from other loci. The regulatory potential of trans-NATs has been poorly studied in eukaryotes and no example of trans-NATs regulating gene expression in plants are reported. The goal of this study was to identify lincRNAs, and particularly trans-NATs, in Arabidopsis thaliana that have a potential to regulate expression of target genes in trans at the transcriptional or translational level. Results We identified 1001 lincRNAs using an RNAseq dataset from total polyA+ and polysome-associated RNA of seedlings grown under high and low phosphate, or shoots and roots treated with different phytohormones, of which 550 were differentially regulated. Approximately 30% of lincRNAs showed conservation amongst Brassicaceae and 25% harbored transposon element (TE) sequences. Gene co-expression network analysis highlighted a group of lincRNAs associated with the response of roots to low phosphate. A total of 129 trans-NATs were predicted, of which 88 were significantly differentially expressed under at least one pairwise comparison. Five trans-NATs showed a positive correlation between their expression and target mRNA steady-state levels, and three showed a negative correlation. Expression of four trans-NATs positively correlated with a change in target mRNA polysome association. The regulatory potential of these trans-NATs did not implicate miRNA mimics nor siRNAs. We also looked for lincRNAs that could regulate gene expression in trans by Watson-Crick DNA:RNA base pairing with target protein-encoding loci. We identified 100 and 81 with a positive or negative correlation, respectively, with steady-state level of their predicted target. The regulatory potential of one such candidate lincRNA harboring a SINE TE sequence was validated in a protoplast assay on three distinct genes containing homologous TE sequence in their promoters. Construction of networks highlighted other putative lincRNAs with multiple predicted target loci for which expression was positively correlated with target gene expression. Conclusions This study identified lincRNAs in Arabidopsis with potential in regulating target gene expression in trans by both RNA:RNA and RNA:DNA base pairing and highlights lincRNAs harboring TE sequences in such activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5946-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Deforges
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo S Reis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Jacquet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Jacques Vuarambon
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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50
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Wang M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Gong S, Yan S, Li G, Hu G, Ren H, Yang J, Yu T, Yang K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant maize reveals potential mechanisms to enhance salt resistance. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:781-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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