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Liu Q, Zhang Z, Bai C, Yin X, Lin W, Yao L. Inhibition of microelement accumulation and disorder of saccharide and amino acid metabolism explain rice grain empty under dimethylarsinic acid stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:199. [PMID: 39039362 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed an intensification of energy metabolism in rice grains under DMA stress, possibly causing the consumption of sugars or non-sugars and the development of unfilled grains Excessive dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) causes rice straighthead disease, a physiological disorder typically with erect panicle due to empty grain at maturity. Although the toxicity of DMA and its uptake and transport in rice are well recognized, the underlying mechanism of unfilled grains remains unclear. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted using a susceptible variety (Ruanhuayou1179, RHY) and a resistant one (Nanjingxiangzhan, NJXZ) via the metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the mechanisms of empty grains in diseased rice under DMA stress. The results demonstrate an increase in total and methylated As in grains of RHY and NJXZ under DMA addition, with RHY containing higher levels of DMA. DMA addition increased the soluble sugar content in grains of RHY and NJXZ by 17.1% and 14.3% compared to the control, respectively, but significantly reduced the levels of amino acid, soluble protein, and starch. The decrease of grain Zn and B contents was also observed, and inadequate Zn might be a key factor limiting rice grain yield under DMA stress. Notably, DMA addition altered the expression levels of genes involved in the transport of sugar, amino acids, nitrates/peptides, and mineral ions. In sugar and amino acid metabolism, the reduction of metabolites and the upregulated expression of genes reflect positive regulation at the level of energy metabolism, implying that the reduction of grain starch and proteins might be ascribed to generate sufficient energy to resist the stress. This study provides a useful reference for understanding the molecular mechanism of grain emptying under DMA stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cuihua Bai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueying Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanting Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lixian Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Zhou Z, Li J, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang R, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang P. Research on drought stress in Medicago sativa L. from 1998 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1406256. [PMID: 38872890 PMCID: PMC11169798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1406256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. Drought is recognized as a major challenge limiting alfalfa production and threatening food security. Although some literature reviews have been conducted in this area, bibliometric reviews based on large amounts of published data are still lacking. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis of alfalfa drought stress from 1998-2023 was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection database in order to assess global trends in alfalfa drought stress research and to provide new directions for future research. The results showed that the annual publication output maintained an increase in most years, with China and the United States contributing significantly to the field. Most of the journals published are specialized journals in botany, environmental science, soil science and crop science, as well as related agribusiness journals. "plant growth" and "yield" were the most frequently used keywords, reflecting the important purpose of research in this field. And two main research directions were identified: research on drought response mechanism of alfalfa and exploration of drought-resistant technology. In addition, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of drought tolerance and high yield in alfalfa, transgenics, and microbial fertilizer research have been hot research topics in recent years and may continue in the future. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a foundational reference for future research on alfalfa's drought resistance and yield optimization mechanisms, thereby enhancing the crop's application in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Junqin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Yu W, Luo L, Qi X, Cao Y, An J, Xie Z, Hu T, Yang P. Insights into the Impact of Trans-Zeatin Overproduction-Engineered Sinorhizobium meliloti on Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Tolerance to Drought Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8650-8663. [PMID: 38564678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been shown to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress through various mechanisms. However, there is limited research on improving drought resistance in alfalfa by genetically modifying PGPR to produce increased levels of cytokinins. Herein, we employed synthetic biology approaches to engineer two novel strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti capable of overproducing trans-Zeatin and investigated their potential in enhancing drought tolerance in alfalfa. Our results demonstrate that alfalfa plants inoculated with these engineered S. meliloti strains exhibited reduced wilting and yellowing while maintaining higher relative water content under drought conditions. The engineered S. meliloti-induced tZ activated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmolytes. Additionally, the increased endogenous tZ content in plants alleviated the impact of drought stress on the alfalfa photosynthetic rate. However, under nondrought conditions, inoculation with the engineered S. meliloti strains had no significant effect on alfalfa biomass and nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuman Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wang K, Nan LL, Xia J, Wu SW, Yang LL. Metabolomics reveal root differential metabolites of different root-type alfalfa under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341826. [PMID: 38332768 PMCID: PMC10850343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the favored premium feed ingredient in animal husbandry production which is in serious jeopardy due to soil moisture shortages. It is largely unknown how different root types of alfalfa respond to arid-induced stress in terms of metabolites and phytohormones. Methods Therefore, rhizomatous rooted M. sativa 'Qingshui' (or QS), tap-rooted M. sativa 'Longdong' (or LD), and creeping rooted M. varia 'Gannong No. 4' (or GN) were investigated to identify metabolites and phytohormones responses to drought conditions. Results We found 164, 270, and 68 significantly upregulated differential metabolites were categorized into 35, 38, and 34 metabolic pathways in QS, LD, and GN within aridity stress, respectively. Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and alkaloids were the four categories of primary differential metabolites detected, which include 6-gingerol, salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A4 (GA4), abscisic acid (ABA), trans-cinnamic acid, sucrose, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, succinic acid, and nicotinic acid and so on, turns out these metabolites are essential for the resistance of three root-type alfalfa to aridity coercing. Discussion The plant hormone signal transduction (PST) pathway was dramatically enriched after drought stress. IAA and ABA were significantly accumulated in the metabolites, indicating that they play vital roles in the response of three root types of alfalfa to water stress, and QS and LD exhibit stronger tolerance than GN under drought stress.
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Yang F, Lv G. Metabolomic Analysis of the Response of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum to Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109099. [PMID: 37240446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum, as typical desert plants in arid areas, show strong drought tolerance and environmental adaptability and are therefore ideal model plants for studying the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance. A metabolomic analysis of H. ammodendron and H. persicum in their natural environment is lacking, and their metabolic response to drought therefore remains unclear. To elucidate the response of H. ammodendron and H. persicum to drought at the metabolic level, a non-targeted metabolomics analysis was carried out herein. Under a dry environment, H. ammodendron exhibited 296 and 252 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively, whereas 452 and 354 DEMs were identified in the positive and negative ion modes in H. persicum, respectively. The results indicated that H. ammodendron responds to drought by increasing the content of organic nitrogen compounds and lignans, neolignans, and related compounds, and reducing the content of alkaloids and derivatives. By contrast, H. persicum adapts to the dry environment by increasing the content of organic acids and their derivatives and reducing the content of lignans, neolignans, and related compounds. In addition, H. ammodendron and H. persicum improved their osmoregulation ability, reactive oxygen species detoxification ability, and cell membrane stability by regulating the key metabolic pathways and anabolism of associated metabolites. This is the first metabolomics report on the response of H. ammodendron and H. persicum to drought in their natural environment, providing a foundation for the further study of their regulatory mechanisms under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830017, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe 833300, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- School of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830017, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe 833300, China
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Kopecká R, Kameniarová M, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Novák J. Abiotic Stress in Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076603. [PMID: 37047573 PMCID: PMC10095105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part of sustainable agriculture. In this review, we focus on current findings in plant resistance to four cardinal abiotic stressors—drought, heat, salinity, and low temperatures. Apart from the description of the newly discovered mechanisms of signaling and resistance to abiotic stress, this review also focuses on the importance of primary and secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, and phytohormones. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies concerning the model plant Arabidopsis demonstrates the long-observed phenomenon that abiotic stressors induce different signals and effects at the level of gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most stressors can still be traced. The analysis further reveals the transcriptional modulation of Golgi-targeted proteins in response to heat stress. Our analysis also highlights several genes that are similarly regulated under all stress conditions. These genes support the central role of phytohormones in the abiotic stress response, and the importance of some of these in plant resistance has not yet been studied. Finally, this review provides information about the response to abiotic stress in major European crop plants—wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Kopecká
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kameniarová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yang Y, Gu M, Lu J, Li X, Liu D, Wang L. Metabolomic Analysis of Key Metabolites and Their Pathways Revealed the Response of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Root Exudates to rac-GR24 under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1163. [PMID: 36904026 PMCID: PMC10005544 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rac-GR24, an artificial analog of strigolactone, is known for its roles in inhibiting branches, and previous studies have reported that it has a certain mechanism to relieve abiotic stress, but the underlying metabolic mechanisms of mitigation for drought-induced remain unclear. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify associated metabolic pathways that are regulated by rac-GR24 in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and to determine the metabolic mechanisms of rac-GR24 that are involved in drought-induced root exudate. The alfalfa seedling WL-712 was treated with 5% PEG to simulate drought, and rac-GR24 at a concentration of 0.1 µM was sprayed. After three days of treatment, root secretions within 24 h were collected. Osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured as physiological indicators, while LS/MS was performed to identify metabolites regulated by rac-GR24 of root exudate under drought. The results demonstrated that rac-GR24 treatment could alleviate the negative effects from drought-induced on alfalfa root, as manifested by increased osmotic adjustment substance content, cell membrane stability, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Among the 14 differential metabolites, five metabolites were uniquely downregulated in plants in rac-GR24 treatment. In addition, rac-GR24 could relieve drought-induced adverse effects on alfalfa through metabolic reprogramming in the pathways of the TCA cycle, pentose phosphate, tyrosine metabolism, and the purine pathway. This study indicated that rac-GR24 could improve the drought resistance of alfalfa by influencing the components of root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingzhou Gu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin’e Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dalin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Comparative Metabolomic Studies of Siberian Wildrye ( Elymus sibiricus L.): A New Look at the Mechanism of Plant Drought Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010452. [PMID: 36613896 PMCID: PMC9820681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth and production due to ongoing global climate change. Elymus sibiricus has been widely applied for ecological restoration and reseeding of degraded grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) because of its strong adaptability to barren, salted, and drought soils. To explore the mechanism of drought resistance in E. sibiricus, drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes of E. sibiricus were used in metabolomic studies under simulated long-term and short-term drought stress. A total of 1091 metabolites were detected, among which, 27 DMs were considered to be the key metabolites for drought resistance of E. sibiricus in weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Ten metabolites, including 3-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid, coniferin, R-aminobutyrate, and so on, and 12 metabolites, including L-Proline, L-histidine, N-acetylglycine, and so on, showed differential accumulation patterns under short-term and long-term drought stress, respectively, and thus, could be used as biomarkers for drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive E. sibiricus. In addition, different metabolic accumulation patterns and different drought response mechanisms were also found in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes of E. sibiricus. Finally, we constructed metabolic pathways and metabolic patterns for the two genotypes. This metabolomic study on the drought stress response of E. sibiricus can provide resources and a reference for the breeding of new drought-tolerant cultivars of E. sibiricus.
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Sun W, Hao J, Fan S, Liu C, Han Y. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed That Exogenous Spermidine-Modulated Flavone Enhances the Heat Tolerance of Lettuce. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122332. [PMID: 36552540 PMCID: PMC9774108 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is sensitive to high temperature, and exogenous spermidine can improve heat tolerance in lettuce, but its intrinsic mechanism is still unclear. We analyzed the effects of exogenous spermidine on the leaf physiological metabolism, transcriptome and metabolome of lettuce seedlings under high-temperature stress using the heat-sensitive lettuce variety 'Beisansheng No. 3' as the material. The results showed that exogenous spermidine increased the total fresh weight, total dry weight, root length, chlorophyll content and total flavonoid content, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in lettuce under high temperature stress. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed 818 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 393 metabolites between water spray and spermidine spray treatments under high temperature stress, and 75 genes from 13 transcription factors (TF) families were included in the DEGs. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEG contains pathways for plant-pathogen interactions, photosynthesis-antennal proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 19 genes related to flavonoid synthesis were detected. Most of these 19 DEGs were down-regulated under high temperature stress and up-regulated after spermidine application, which may be responsible for the increase in total flavonoid content. We provide a possible source and conjecture for exploring the mechanism of exogenous spermidine-mediated heat tolerance in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinghong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yingyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.H.)
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Fei M, Jin Y, Hu J, Dotsenko G, Ruan Y, Liu C, Seisenbaeva G, Andersson AAM, Andersson R, Sun C. Achieving of high-diet-fiber barley via managing fructan hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19151. [PMID: 36351972 PMCID: PMC9646770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructan content in the grain of cereals is an important trait in agriculture such as environmental resilience and dietary fiber food production. To understand the mechanism in determining final grain fructan content and achieve high fructan cereal, a cross breeding strategy based on fructan synthesis and hydrolysis activities was set up and have achieved barley lines with 11.8% storage fructan in the harvested grain. Our study discovered that high activity of fructan hydrolysis at later grain developmental stage leads to the low fructan content in mature seeds, simultaneously increasing fructan synthesis at early stage and decreasing fructan hydrolysis at later stage through crossing breeding is an efficient way to elevate grain diet-fiber content. A good correlation between fructan and beta glucans was also discovered with obvious interest. Field trials showed that the achieved high fructan barley produced over seven folds higher fructan content than control barley and pull carbon-flux to fructan through decreasing fructan hydrolysis without disruption starch synthesis will probably not bring yield deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fei
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China ,grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province On Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yunkai Jin
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Hu
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gleb Dotsenko
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Ruan
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China ,grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province On Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Key Laboratory of Education Department of Hunan Province On Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China ,grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Gulaim Seisenbaeva
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annica A. M. Andersson
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Petereit J, Bayer PE, Thomas WJW, Tay Fernandez CG, Amas J, Zhang Y, Batley J, Edwards D. Pangenomics and Crop Genome Adaptation in a Changing Climate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1949. [PMID: 35956427 PMCID: PMC9370458 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During crop domestication and breeding, wild plant species have been shaped into modern high-yield crops and adapted to the main agro-ecological regions. However, climate change will impact crop productivity in these regions, and agriculture needs to adapt to support future food production. On a global scale, crop wild relatives grow in more diverse environments than crop species, and so may host genes that could support the adaptation of crops to new and variable environments. Through identification of individuals with increased climate resilience we may gain a greater understanding of the genomic basis for this resilience and transfer this to crops. Pangenome analysis can help to identify the genes underlying stress responses in individuals harbouring untapped genomic diversity in crop wild relatives. The information gained from the analysis of these pangenomes can then be applied towards breeding climate resilience into existing crops or to re-domesticating crops, combining environmental adaptation traits with crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (J.P.); (P.E.B.); (W.J.W.T.); (C.G.T.F.); (J.A.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.)
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Lv L, Dong C, Liu Y, Zhao A, Zhang Y, Li H, Chen X. Transcription-associated metabolomic profiling reveals the critical role of frost tolerance in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 35820806 PMCID: PMC9275158 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature is a crucial stress factor of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and adversely impacts on plant growth and grain yield. Multi-million tons of grain production are lost annually because crops lack the resistance to survive in winter. Particularlly, winter wheat yields was severely damaged under extreme cold conditions. However, studies about the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms underlying cold stresses in wheat are limited so far. RESULTS In this study, 14,466 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained between wild-type and cold-sensitive mutants, of which 5278 DEGs were acquired after cold treatment. 88 differential accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, including P-coumaroyl putrescine of alkaloids, D-proline betaine of mino acids and derivativ, Chlorogenic acid of the Phenolic acids. The comprehensive analysis of metabolomics and transcriptome showed that the cold resistance of wheat was closely related to 13 metabolites and 14 key enzymes in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway. The 7 enhanced energy metabolites and 8 up-regulation key enzymes were also compactly involved in the sucrose and amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that twelve key genes were differentially expressed under cold, indicating that candidate genes POD, Tacr7, UGTs, and GSTU6 which were related to cold resistance of wheat. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we obtained the differentially expressed genes and differential accumulated metabolites in wheat under cold stress. Using the DEGs and DAMs, we plotted regulatory pathway maps of the flavonol biosynthesis pathway, sucrose and amino acid biosynthesis pathway related to cold resistance of wheat. It was found that candidate genes POD, Tacr7, UGTs and GSTU6 are related to cold resistance of wheat. This study provided valuable molecular information and new genetic engineering clues for the further study on plant resistance to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Ce Dong
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, 056000 Hebei China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Aiju Zhao
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Yelun Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
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13
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Li Z, Chen J, Chen J, Jin J, Chen H, Liu H. Metabolomic analysis of Scenedesmus obliquus reveals new insights into the phytotoxicity of imidazolium nitrate ionic liquids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154070. [PMID: 35202701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the persistence of ionic liquids (ILs) in aquatic environments, it is necessary to reveal their ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Herein, the biotoxicity of two alkyl-methylimidazolium nitrate ILs ([C10mim]NO3 and [C12mim]NO3) against Scenedesmus obliquus were studied. Results showed that the growth inhibition of S. obliquus increased with increasing concentrations of ILs, maximum values of 94.61% at 4 mg/L of [C10mim]NO3 and 97.34% at 0.8 mg/L of [C12min]NO3 were observed. The fluorescence parameters of photosystem II, such as light quantum yield and electron transfer rate, showed a negative relationship with the exposure dose. [C12mim]NO3 had a more significant effect than [C10mim]NO3. Moreover, the redox homeostasis of algae was disrupted; the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to obvious inhibition of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was observed. A metabolomic analysis indicated that the contents of most metabolites were reduced significantly, and fructose and galactose decreased significantly by 42.3% and 88.6%, respectively, in the [C10mim]NO3 treatment compared to those in the control. The inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism explained the more serious biotoxicity of [C12mim]NO3 than that of [C10mim]NO3. This study facilitates a better understanding of the environmental safety and ecological risks of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiazheng Chen
- School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaojun Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Hanmei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
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14
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Naz R, Gul F, Zahoor S, Nosheen A, Yasmin H, Keyani R, Shahid M, Hassan MN, Siddiqui MH, Batool S, Anwar Z, Ali N, Roberts TH. Interactive effects of hydrogen sulphide and silicon enhance drought and heat tolerance by modulating hormones, antioxidant defence enzymes and redox status in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:684-696. [PMID: 34879172 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in climate have reduced crop productivity throughout much of the world. Drought and heat stress, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, have seriously affected barley production. This study explored the separate and interactive effects of silicon (Si) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) on plant growth and mitigation of the adverse effects of heat stress (DS) and drought stress (HS) in a barley pot experiment. The impacts of simultaneous DS + HS were more severe than individual stresses due to increased ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher electrolyte leakage (EL), thereby leading to reduced water, protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Exogenously applied Si and H2 S alleviated the DS-, HS- and DS + HS-induced effects on barley by reducing ROS production, MDA and EL. A single application of H2 S or Si + H2 S increased plant biomass under all stress conditions, which can be ascribed to higher Si accumulation in barley shoots. A single application of Si or H2 S significantly increased plant biomass. However, Si + H2 S was the most effective treatment for metabolite accumulation and elevating activity of antioxidant enzymes to prevent toxicity from oxidative stress. This treatment also modulated osmolyte content, enhanced antioxidant activity and regulated the stress signalling-related endogenous hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous treatments regulated endogenous H2 S and Si and resulted in higher tolerance to individual and combined drought and heat stress in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Zahoor
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Nosheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Keyani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M N Hassan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Anwar
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - T H Roberts
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Zhou XL, Ma JY, Liu ZD, Dai NF, Yang HQ, Yang L, Wang YH, Shen SK. Gene Co-expression Network and Regression Analysis Identify the Transcriptomic, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators of the Response of Alpine Woody Plant Rhododendron rex to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896691. [PMID: 35693180 PMCID: PMC9174646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing severity of drought stress due to global change and extreme weather has been affecting the biodiversity, function, and stability of forest ecosystems. However, despite being an important component in the alpine and subalpine vegetation in forest ecosystems, Rhododendron species have been paid rare attention in the study of molecular mechanism of tolerance or response to drought. Herein, we investigated the correlation of transcriptomic changes with the physiological and biochemical indicators of Rhododendron rex under drought stress by using the co-expression network approach and regression analysis. Compared with the control treatment, the number of significantly differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) increased with the degree of drought stress. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the cell wall metabolic process, signaling pathways, sugar metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. Coupled analysis of the transcriptome, physiological, and biochemical parameters indicated that the metabolic pathways were highly correlated with the physiological and biochemical indicators under drought stress, especially the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the actual photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching coefficient, and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry. The majority of the response genes related to the metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and phytohormone signal pathway, were highly expressed under drought stress. In addition, genes associated with cell wall, pectin, and galacturonan metabolism also played crucial roles in the response of R. rex to drought stress. The results provided novel insight into the molecular response of the alpine woody species under drought stress and may improve the understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Li Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Ma
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Dian Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ni-fei Dai
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Qin Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Kang Shen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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16
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Stallmann J, Pons CAA, Schweiger R, Müller C. Time point- and plant part-specific changes in phloem exudate metabolites of leaves and ears of wheat in response to drought and effects on aphids. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262671. [PMID: 35077467 PMCID: PMC8789166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the frequency and intensity of drought events are expected due to climate change and might have consequences for plant metabolism and the development of plant antagonists. In this study, the responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and one of its major pests, the aphid Sitobion avenae, to different drought regimes were investigated, considering different time points and plant parts. Plants were kept well-watered or subjected to either continuous or pulsed drought. Phloem exudates were collected twice from leaves and once from ears during the growth period and concentrations of amino acids, organic acids and sugars were determined. Population growth and survival of the aphid S. avenae were monitored on these plant parts. Relative concentrations of metabolites in the phloem exudates varied with the time point, the plant part as well as the irrigation regime. Pronounced increases in relative concentrations were found for proline, especially in pulsed drought-stressed plants. Moreover, relative concentrations of sucrose were lower in phloem exudates of ears than in those of leaves. The population growth and survival of aphids were decreased on plants subjected to drought and populations grew twice as large on ears compared to leaves. Our study revealed that changes in irrigation frequency and intensity modulate plant-aphid interactions. These effects may at least partly be mediated by changes in the metabolic composition of the phloem sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stallmann
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Rabea Schweiger
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Metabolomics and Molecular Approaches Reveal Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179108. [PMID: 34502020 PMCID: PMC8431676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation is the key mechanism implicated in plants maintaining cell osmotic potential under drought stress. Understanding drought stress tolerance in plants will have a significant impact on food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Plant primary and secondary metabolites and metabolic genes are key factors in drought tolerance through their involvement in diverse metabolic pathways. Physio-biochemical and molecular strategies involved in plant tolerance mechanisms could be exploited to increase plant survival under drought stress. This review summarizes the most updated findings on primary and secondary metabolites involved in drought stress. We also examine the application of useful metabolic genes and their molecular responses to drought tolerance in plants and discuss possible strategies to help plants to counteract unfavorable drought periods.
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18
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Bindereif SG, Rüll F, Kolb P, Köberle L, Willms H, Steidele S, Schwarzinger S, Gebauer G. Impact of Global Climate Change on the European Barley Market Requires Novel Multi-Method Approaches to Preserve Crop Quality and Authenticity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071592. [PMID: 34359461 PMCID: PMC8303565 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recently in 2018 and 2019, large parts of Europe were affected by periods of massive drought. Resulting losses in cereal yield pose a major risk to the global supply of barley, as more than 60% of global production is based in Europe. Despite the arising price fluctuations on the cereal market, authenticity of the crop must be ensured, which includes correct declaration of harvest years. Here, we show a novel approach that allows such differentiation for spring barley samples, which takes advantage of the chemical changes caused by the extreme drought. Samples from 2018 were successfully differentiated from those of 2017 by analysis of changes in near-infrared spectra, enrichment in the isotope 13C, and strong accumulation of the plant-physiological marker betaine. We demonstrate that through consideration of multiple modern analysis techniques, not only can fraudulent labelling be prevented, but indispensable knowledge on the drought tolerance of crops can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Bindereif
- BayCEER—Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Felix Rüll
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Peter Kolb
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Lucas Köberle
- ALNuMed GmbH, Gottlieb-Keim Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Holger Willms
- IREKS GmbH, Lichtenfelser Straße 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany;
| | - Simon Steidele
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephan Schwarzinger
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)-9-2155-2046 (S.S.); +49-(0)-9-2155-2060 (G.G.)
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- BayCEER—Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)-9-2155-2046 (S.S.); +49-(0)-9-2155-2060 (G.G.)
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19
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a technology that generates large amounts of data and contributes to obtaining wide and integral explanations of the biochemical state of a living organism. Plants are continuously affected by abiotic stresses such as water scarcity, high temperatures and high salinity, and metabolomics has the potential for elucidating the response-to-stress mechanisms and develop resistance strategies in affected cultivars. This review describes the characteristics of each of the stages of metabolomic studies in plants and the role of metabolomics in the characterization of the response of various plant species to abiotic stresses.
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20
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Villate A, San Nicolas M, Gallastegi M, Aulas PA, Olivares M, Usobiaga A, Etxebarria N, Aizpurua-Olaizola O. Review: Metabolomics as a prediction tool for plants performance under environmental stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110789. [PMID: 33487364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics as a diagnosis tool for plant performance has shown good features for breeding and crop improvement. Additionally, due to limitations in land area and the increasing climate changes, breeding projects focusing on abiotic stress tolerance are becoming essential. Nowadays no universal method is available to identify predictive metabolic markers. As a result, research aims must dictate the best method or combination of methods. To this end, we will introduce the key aspects to consider regarding growth scenarios and sampling strategies and discuss major analytical and data treatment approaches that are available to find metabolic markers of plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Villate
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Markel San Nicolas
- Dinafem Seeds (Pot Sistemak S.L.), 20018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Sovereign Fields S.L., 20006, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mara Gallastegi
- Dinafem Seeds (Pot Sistemak S.L.), 20018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain; Sovereign Fields S.L., 20006, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Pierre-Antoine Aulas
- Dinafem Seeds (Pot Sistemak S.L.), 20018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain; Sovereign Fields S.L., 20006, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Aresatz Usobiaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Oier Aizpurua-Olaizola
- Dinafem Seeds (Pot Sistemak S.L.), 20018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain; Sovereign Fields S.L., 20006, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.
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21
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Muthusamy M, Kim JH, Kim SH, Kim JY, Heo JW, Lee H, Lee KS, Seo WD, Park S, Kim JA, Lee SI. Changes in Beneficial C-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1502. [PMID: 33172036 PMCID: PMC7694615 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m-2s-1) and white (100 μmol m-2s-1), blue (100 μmol m-2s-1), and red (93 μmol m-2s-1) light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on the C-glycosylflavone and policosanol contents in young seedlings of wheat and barley. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses of C-glycosylflavone contents in barley reveal that the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation. Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings. The contents of these C-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period. The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation. GC/MS analyses of policosanol contents showed that 1-hexacosanol (C26:o-OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o-OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions. Nonetheless, the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley. This study demonstrates that blue LED light irradiation is useful in maximizing the C-glycosylflavone content in barley and wheat sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Muthusamy
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyung National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Suk Hee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Joo Yeol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Jeong Wook Heo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - HanGyeol Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.L.); (K.-S.L.); (W.D.S.)
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.L.); (K.-S.L.); (W.D.S.)
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.L.); (K.-S.L.); (W.D.S.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.Y.K.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.)
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22
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Dong X, Guo Y, Xiong C, Sun L. Evaluation of Two Major Rhodiola Species and the Systemic Changing Characteristics of Metabolites of Rhodiola crenulata in Different Altitudes by Chemical Methods Combined with UPLC-QqQ-MS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2020; 25:E4062. [PMID: 32899531 PMCID: PMC7570721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola species have a long history of use in traditional medicine in Asian and European countries and have been considered to possess resistance to the challenges presented by extreme altitudes. However, the influence of different Rhodiola species on quality is unclear, as well as the influence of altitude on phytochemicals. In this study, the phenolic components and antioxidant abilities of two major Rhodiola species are compared, namely Rhodiolacrenulata and Rhodiola rosea, and the metabolomes of Rhodiolacrenulata from two representative elevations of 2907 and 5116 m are analyzed using a UPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach. The results show that the phenolic components and antioxidant activities of Rhodiolacrenulata are higher than those of Rhodiola rosea, and that these effects in the two species are positively correlated with elevation. Here, 408 metabolites are identified, of which 178 differential metabolites (128 upregulated versus 50 downregulated) and 19 biomarkers are determined in Rhodiola crenulata. Further analysis of these differential metabolites showed a significant upregulation of flavonoids, featuring glucosides, the enhancement of the phenylpropanoid pathway, and the downregulation of hydrolyzed tannins in Rhodiola crenulata as elevation increased. Besides, the amino acids of differential metabolites were all upregulated as the altitude increased. Our results contribute to further exploring the Rhodiola species and providing new insights into the Rhodiola crenulata phytochemical response to elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwei Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.D.); (Y.G.); (C.X.)
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23
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Hong Y, Ni SJ, Zhang GP. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals regulatory networks and key genes controlling barley malting quality in responses to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:1-11. [PMID: 32361397 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Malting quality will be greatly deteriorated when barley plants suffer from post-anthesis drought stress, however there is a marked difference among barley genotypes in the responses of malting quality to drought stress, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotypic difference remain unclear. We made transcriptome and metabolome analysis on the developing grains of two barley genotypes differing in the responses to drought stress. Post-anthesis drought treatments led to decreased grain weight and β-glucan content, increased grain protein content and β-amylase activity. Drought stress enhanced H2O2 and heat-shock protein accumulation in the two barley genotypes, with the drought-tolerant genotype showing higher capacity of scavenging H2O2 and reducing misfolded protein accumulation than the drought-susceptible genotype. Moreover, the drought-tolerant genotype was more efficient in redistributing assimilates stored in the vegetative tissues into the developing grains. After re-watering to relieve drought stress, the drought-tolerant genotype can further modify auxin transport and ethylene signaling, enhancing redistribution of assimilates into grains. Transcriptome comparisons and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified some key genes regulating the responses of malting quality traits to drought stress, such as RLK-LRR, β-glucosidase and HSP . In conclusion, less change of main malting quality traits in the drought-tolerant genotype under post-anthesis drought stress is attributed to its higher capacity of alleviating the stress injury through scavenging ROS and redistributing the metabolites stored in the vegetative organs into the developing grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hong
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Jing Ni
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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24
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Han Z, Ahsan M, Adil MF, Chen X, Nazir MM, Shamsi IH, Zeng F, Zhang G. Identification of the gene network modules highly associated with the synthesis of phenolics compounds in barley by transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Food Chem 2020; 323:126862. [PMID: 32334297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in barley grains have an important influence on beer flavor and stability. Drought condition enhances the content of phenolics in barley grains, leading to reduced malt quality. In this study, two barley genotypes, XZ20 and XZ25 with different total phenolics content were used to investigate the effect of drought on phenolic compounds during grain developing stage. Totally, 118 phenolic metabolites were affected by drought stress. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 17,424 highly expressed genes uncovered black (two hub genes belonged to UGT family) and turquoise modules (three hub genes belonged to phenolics pathway) that are significantly associated with the variation of phenolics. All these results reveal the changes of phenolic metabolites during grain development and provide a new insight into the regulation network of phenolic compounds under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Han
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Mudassir Nazir
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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25
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Frandsen HB, Sørensen JC, Petersen IL, Sørensen H. Glutamine as an Ammonia Donor in Catabolism of the Glucosinolate, Sinalbin, in Biosynthesis of 4-Hydroxybenzylamine. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:179-184. [PMID: 32052633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amines synthesized by plants may be considered a dietary source of bioactive compounds, which are of interest due to possible health promoting effects. Developing Sinapis alba sprouts are known to produce 4-hydroxybenzylamine, but the reaction mechanism has not yet been established. We propose here a suggested metabolic pathway for the formation of 4-hydroxybenzylamine in S. alba plants. The catabolic sequence starts with a reaction between l-glutamine (Gln) as ammonia donor and 4-hydroxybenzyl carbocation, the enzymatic catalyzed hydrolysis product from sinalbin (4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate). The suggested reactions are compared with alternative plant metabolic reactions used in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Blok Frandsen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26 , DK-1958 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Sørensen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26 , DK-1958 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26 , DK-1958 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Hilmer Sørensen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26 , DK-1958 Frederiksberg C , Denmark
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26
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Ahkami AH, Wang W, Wietsma TW, Winkler T, Lange I, Jansson C, Lange BM, McDowell NG. Metabolic shifts associated with drought-induced senescence in Brachypodium. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110278. [PMID: 31623774 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic underpinnings of plant survival under severe drought-induced senescence conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the morphological, physiological and metabolic responses to sustained water deficit in Brachypodium distachyon, a model organism for research on temperate grasses. Relative to control plants, fresh biomass, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll levels decreased rapidly in plants grown under drought conditions, demonstrating an early onset of senescence. The leaf C/N ratio and protein content showed an increase in plants subjected to drought stress. The concentrations of several small molecule carbohydrates and amino acid-derived metabolites previously implicated in osmotic protection increased rapidly in plants experiencing water deficit. Malic acid, a low molecular weight organic acid with demonstrated roles in stomatal closure, also increased rapidly as a response to drought treatment. The concentrations of prenyl lipids, such as phytol and α-tocopherol, increased early during the drought treatment but then dropped dramatically. Surprisingly, continued changes in the quantities of metabolites were observed, even in samples harvested from visibly senesced plants. The data presented here provide insights into the processes underlying persistent metabolic activity during sustained water deficit and can aid in identifying mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Ahkami
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas W Wietsma
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tanya Winkler
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Iris Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Christer Jansson
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - B Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
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27
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Chen J, Le XC, Zhu L. Metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal defense mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa) grains under stress of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105154. [PMID: 31521816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a predominant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), has received extensive attention for its potential environmental impact. An integrated study of metabolomics and transcriptomics was conducted on two rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars, Lianjing-7 (LJ-7) and Yongyou-9 (YY-9), which have been identified as tolerant and sensitive cultivars to BDE-47, respectively. The objective was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of their different ability to tolerate BDE-47. Both rice plants were cultivated to maturity in soils containing three concentrations of BDE-47 (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg). Metabolomic analyses of rice grains identified 65 metabolites in LJ-7 and 45 metabolites in YY-9, including amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, fatty acids, and secondary metabolites. In the tolerant cultivar LJ-7 exposed to 50 mg/kg BDE-47, concentrations of most of the metabolites increased significantly, with α-ketoglutaric acid increased by 20-fold and stigmastanol increased by 12-fold. In the sensitive cultivar YY-9, the concentrations of most metabolites increased after the plant was exposed to 1 and 10 mg/kg BDE-47 but decreased after the plant was exposed to 50 mg/kg BDE-47. Transcriptomic data demonstrated that regulation of gene expressions was affected most in LJ-7 exposed to 50 mg/kg BDE-47 (966 genes up-regulated and 620 genes down-regulated) and in YY-9 exposed to 10 mg/kg BDE-47 (85 genes up-regulated and 291 genes down-regulated), in good accordance with the observed metabolic alternation in the two cultivars. Analyses of metabolic pathways and KEGG enrichment revealed that many biological processes, including energy consumption and biosynthesis, were perturbed in the two rice cultivars by BDE-47. A majority of metabolites and genes involved in dominating pathways of energy consumption (e.g., tricarboxylic acid cycle) and the biosynthesis (e.g., metabolism of saccharides and amino acids) were enhanced in LJ-7 by BDE-47. In contrast, energy consumption was increased while biosynthetic processes were inhibited in YY-9 by BDE-47, which could lead to the sensitivity of YY-9 to BDE-47. The combined results suggest that the different defensive abilities of these two rice cultivars in response to BDE-47 could be attributed to their differences in energy-consumption strategy and biosynthesis of nutritional components in grains. This study provides a useful reference for rice cultivation in PBDE-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - X Chris Le
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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28
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Fàbregas N, Fernie AR. The metabolic response to drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1077-1085. [PMID: 30726961 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic regulation is one of the main mechanisms involved in the maintenance of cell osmotic potential under abiotic stress. To date, metabolite profiling approaches have been extensively used to characterize the molecular responses to abiotic stress in many plant species. However, studies revealing the specific metabolic responses of plants exposed to water-deficit stress remain limited. Here, we review the most recent developments that advance our understanding of the metabolic response to drought stress in Arabidopsis and rice. We provide an updated schematic overview of the specific metabolic signature of wild-type plants in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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29
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Raza A, Razzaq A, Mehmood SS, Zou X, Zhang X, Lv Y, Xu J. Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E34. [PMID: 30704089 PMCID: PMC6409995 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO₂ or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date, food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this review paper, we summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Sundas Saher Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xuekun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jinsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
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30
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Variable Levels of Tolerance to Water Stress (Drought) and Associated Biochemical Markers in Tunisian Barley Landraces. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29518035 PMCID: PMC6017546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high tolerance to abiotic stress, barley (Hordeum vulgare) is cultivated in many arid areas of the world. In the present study, we evaluate the tolerance to water stress (drought) in nine accessions of “Ardhaoui” barley landraces from different regions of Tunisia. The genetic diversity of the accessions is evaluated with six SSR markers. Seedlings from the nine accessions are subjected to water stress by completely stopping irrigation for three weeks. A high genetic diversity is detected among the nine accessions, with no relationships between genetic distance and geographical or ecogeographical zone. The analysis of growth parameters and biochemical markers in the water stress-treated plants in comparison to their respective controls indicated great variability among the studied accessions. Accession 2, from El May Island, displayed high tolerance to drought. Increased amounts of proline in water-stressed plants could not be correlated with a better response to drought, as the most tolerant accessions contained lower levels of this osmolyte. A good correlation was established between the reduction of growth and degradation of chlorophylls and increased levels of malondialdehyde and total phenolics. These biochemical markers may be useful for identifying drought tolerant materials in barley.
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31
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Fujimura Y, Miura D, Tachibana H. A Phytochemical-Sensing Strategy Based on Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolic Profiling for Understanding the Functionality of the Medicinal Herb Green Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101621. [PMID: 28953237 PMCID: PMC6151411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight phytochemicals have health benefits and reduce the risk of diseases, but the mechanisms underlying their activities have remained elusive because of the lack of a methodology that can easily visualize the exact behavior of such small molecules. Recently, we developed an in situ label-free imaging technique, called mass spectrometry imaging, for visualizing spatially-resolved biotransformations based on simultaneous mapping of the major bioactive green tea polyphenol and its phase II metabolites. In addition, we established a mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling technique capable of evaluating the bioactivities of diverse green tea extracts, which contain multiple phytochemicals, by focusing on their compositional balances. This methodology allowed us to simultaneously evaluate the relative contributions of the multiple compounds present in a multicomponent system to its bioactivity. This review highlights small molecule-sensing techniques for visualizing the complex behaviors of herbal components and linking such information to an enhanced understanding of the functionalities of multicomponent medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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