1
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Zhou X, Ouyang S, Saurer M, Feng M, Bose AK, Duan H, Tie L, Shen W, Gessler A. Species-specific responses of C and N allocation to N addition: evidence from dual 13C and 15N labeling in three tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172164. [PMID: 38580112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) availability affects plant carbon (C) utilization. However, it is unclear how various tree functional types respond to N addition in terms of C assimilation, allocation, and storage. Here, a microcosm experiment with dual 13C and 15N labeling was conducted to study the effects of N addition (i.e., control, 0 g N kg-1; moderate N addition, 1.68 g N kg-1; and high N addition, 3.36 g N kg-1 soil) on morphological traits, on changes in nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in different organs, as well as on C and N uptake and allocation in three European temperate forest tree species (i.e., Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies and Abies alba). Our results demonstrated that root N uptake rates of the three tree species increased by N addition. In A. pseudoplatanus, N uptake by roots, N allocation to aboveground organs, and aboveground biomass allocation significantly improved by moderate and high N addition. In A. alba, only the high N addition treatment considerably raised aboveground N and C allocation. In contrast, biomass as well as C and N allocation between above and belowground tissues were not altered by N addition in P. abies. Meanwhile, NSC content as well as C and N coupling (represented by the ratio of relative 13C and 15N allocation rates in organs) were affected by N addition in A. pseudoplantanus and P. abies but not in A. alba. Overall, A. pseudoplatanus displayed the highest sensitivity to N addition and the highest N requirement among the three species, while P. abies had a lower N demand than A. alba. Our findings highlight that the responses of C and N allocation to soil N availability are species-specific and vary with the amount of N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mei Feng
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
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2
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Zhang H, Lan Y, Jiang C, Cui Y, He Y, Deng J, Lin M, Ye S. Leaf Traits Explain the Growth Variation and Nitrogen Response of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and Dalbergia odorifera in Mixed Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:988. [PMID: 38611517 PMCID: PMC11013580 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mixed cultivation with legumes may alleviate the nitrogen (N) limitation of monoculture Eucalyptus. However, how leaf functional traits respond to N in mixed cultivation with legumes and how they affect tree growth are unclear. Thus, this study investigated the response of leaf functional traits of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urophylla × E. grandis) and Dalbergia odorifera (D. odorifera) to mixed culture and N application, as well as the regulatory pathways of key traits on seedling growth. In this study, a pot-controlled experiment was set up, and seedling growth indicators, leaf physiology, morphological parameters, and N content were collected and analyzed after 180 days of N application treatment. The results indicated that mixed culture improved the N absorption and photosynthetic rate of E. urophylla × E. grandis, further promoting seedling growth but inhibiting the photosynthetic process of D. odorifera, reducing its growth and biomass. Redundancy analysis and path analysis revealed that leaf nitrogen content, pigment content, and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators were the traits most directly related to seedling growth and biomass accumulation, with the net photosynthetic rate explaining 50.9% and 55.8% of the variation in growth indicators for E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera, respectively. Additionally, leaf morphological traits are related to the trade-off strategy exhibited by E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera based on N competition. This study demonstrated that physiological traits related to photosynthesis are reliable predictors of N nutrition and tree growth in mixed stands, while leaf morphological traits reflect the resource trade-off strategies of different tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yahui Lan
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuhong Cui
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yaqin He
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiazhen Deng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingye Lin
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Shaoming Ye
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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3
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Fuji S, Yamauchi S, Sugiyama N, Kohchi T, Nishihama R, Shimazaki KI, Takemiya A. Light-induced stomatal opening requires phosphorylation of the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of plasma membrane H +-ATPase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1195. [PMID: 38378726 PMCID: PMC10879506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPase provides the driving force for light-induced stomatal opening. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its activity remain unclear. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of two Thr residues in the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain is crucial for H+-ATPase activation and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using phosphoproteome analysis, we show that blue light induces the phosphorylation of Thr-881 within the C-terminal region I, in addition to penultimate Thr-948 in AUTOINHIBITED H+-ATPASE 1 (AHA1). Based on site-directed mutagenesis experiments, phosphorylation of both Thr residues is essential for H+ pumping and stomatal opening in response to blue light. Thr-948 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for Thr-881 phosphorylation by blue light. Additionally, red light-driven guard cell photosynthesis induces Thr-881 phosphorylation, possibly contributing to red light-dependent stomatal opening. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into H+-ATPase activation that exploits the ion transport across the plasma membrane and light signalling network in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saashia Fuji
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shota Yamauchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugiyama
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Shimazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takemiya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan.
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4
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Ouyang S, Tie L, Saurer M, Bose AK, Duan H, Li M, Xu X, Shen W, Gessler A. Divergent role of nutrient availability in determining drought responses of sessile oak and Scots pine seedlings: evidence from 13C and 15N dual labeling. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad105. [PMID: 37672222 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased soil nutrient availability can promote tree growth while drought impairs metabolic functioning and induces tree mortality. However, limited information is available about the role of nutrients in the drought responses of trees. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, which were subjected to three fertilization treatments in the first year and two water regimes in the second year. Old and newly fixed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation were traced by dual labeling with 13C and 15N tracers, respectively, at two time points. Leaf gas exchange, biomass, as well as N and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of all organs were measured. Fertilization predisposed sessile oak to drought-induced mortality, mainly by prioritizing aboveground growth, C and N allocation, reducing root NSC concentrations and decreasing old C contribution to new growth of leaves. In contrast, fertilization did not additionally predispose Scots pine to drought, with minor effects of fertilization and drought on newly fixed and old C allocation, tissues N and NSC concentrations. The role of nutrients for drought responses of trees seems to be species-specific. Therefore, we suggest nutrient availability and species identity to be considered in the framework of physiological mechanisms affecting drought-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Maihe Li
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
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5
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Rehschuh R, Ruehr NK. What is the role of soil nutrients in drought responses of trees? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad152. [PMID: 38113532 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Rehschuh
- TU Dresden, Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, KIT-Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Kaiserstraße 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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6
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Beverly DP, Huenupi E, Gandolfo A, Lietzke CJ, Ficklin DL, Barnes ML, Raff JD, Novick KA, Phillips RP. The forest, the cicadas and the holey fluxes: Periodical cicada impacts on soil respiration depends on tree mycorrhizal type. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14349. [PMID: 38178545 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of billions of periodical cicadas affects plant and animal communities profoundly, yet little is known about cicada impacts on soil carbon fluxes. We investigated the effects of Brood X cicadas (Magicicada septendecim, M. cassinii and M. septendeculain) on soil CO2 fluxes (RS ) in three Indiana forests. We hypothesized RS would be sensitive to emergence hole density, with the greatest effects occurring in soils with the lowest ambient fluxes. In support of our hypothesis, RS increased with increasing hole density and greater effects were observed near AM-associating trees (which expressed lower ambient fluxes) than near EcM-associating trees. Additionally, RS from emergence holes increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of RS by 13%, elevating the Q10 of ecosystem respiration. Brood X cicadas increased annual RS by ca. 2.5%, translating to an additional 717 Gg of CO2 across forested areas. As such, periodical cicadas can have substantial effects on soil processes and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Beverly
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Adrien Gandolfo
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Clara J Lietzke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Darren L Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Mallory L Barnes
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan D Raff
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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7
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Li H, Terrer C, Berdugo M, Maestre FT, Zhu Z, Peñuelas J, Yu K, Luo L, Gong JY, Ye JS. Nitrogen addition delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad242. [PMID: 37900195 PMCID: PMC10600907 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown, however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N). Using >5000 empirical measurements of plant biomass, we showed that crossing an aridity (1-precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) threshold of ∼0.50, which marks the transition from dry sub-humid to semi-arid climates, led to abrupt declines in aboveground biomass (AGB) and progressive increases in root:shoot ratios, thus importantly affecting carbon stocks and their distribution. N addition significantly increased AGB and delayed the emergence of its aridity threshold from 0.49 to 0.55 (P < 0.05). By coupling remote sensing estimates of leaf area index with simulations from multiple models, we found that CO2 enrichment did not alter the observed aridity threshold. By 2100, and under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we forecast a 0.3% net increase in the global land area exceeding the aridity threshold detected under a scenario that includes N deposition, in comparison to a 2.9% net increase if the N effect is not considered. Our study thus indicates that N addition could mitigate to a great extent the negative impact of increasing aridity on plant biomass in drylands. These findings are critical for improving forecasts of abrupt vegetation changes in response to ongoing global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jie-Yu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
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8
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Garcia-Gomez P, Olmos-Ruiz R, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Carvajal M. Effects of low nitrogen supply on biochemical and physiological parameters related to nitrate and water, involving nitrate transporters and aquaporins in Citrus macrophylla. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:944-955. [PMID: 37357019 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in chemical N-based fertillizer was investigated in Citrus plants. As N and water uptake are connected, the relationship between the physiological response to reductions in N was studied in relation to N metabolism and water. We examined the response of new and mature leaves and roots of Citrus macrophylla, grown under controlled conditions, and given different concentrations of N: 16, 8 or 4 mM. Differences in growth and development were determined for biochemical (mineral content, photosynthetic pigments, proteins and nitrate and nitrite reductase activity), physiological (photosynthesis and transpiration), and molecular (relative expression of nitrate transporters and aquaporins) parameters. Only plants given 4 mM N showed a reduction in growth. Although there were changes in NR activity, protein synthesis, and chlorophyll content in both 8 and 4 mM N plants that were highly related to aquaporin and nitrate transporter expression. The results revealed new findings on the relationship between aquaporins and nitrate transporters in new leaves of Citrus, suggesting a mechanism for ensuring growth under low N when new tissues are being formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garcia-Gomez
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - R Olmos-Ruiz
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Wang Z, Xing A, Shen H. Effects of nitrogen addition on the combined global warming potential of three major soil greenhouse gases: A global meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:121848. [PMID: 37244533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition has a great impact on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and numerous studies have revealed the individual effects of N addition on three major GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O). Nevertheless, quantitative evaluation of the effects of N addition on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHGs based on simultaneous measurements is needed not only to better understand the comprehensive effect of N deposition on GHGs but also for precise estimation of ecosystem GHG fluxes in response to N deposition. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using a dataset with 124 simultaneous measurements of the three major GHGs from 54 studies to assess the effects of N addition on the combined global warming potential (CGWP) of these soil GHGs. The results showed that the relative sensitivity of the CGWP to N addition was 0.43%/kg N ha-1 yr-1, indicating an increase in the CGWP. Among the ecosystems studied, wetlands are considerable GHG sources with the highest relative sensitivity to N addition. Overall, CO2 contributed the most to the N addition-induced CGWP change (72.61%), followed by N2O (27.02%) and CH4 (0.37%), but the contributions of the three GHGs varied across ecosystems. Moreover, the effect size of the CGWP had a positive relationship with N addition rate and mean annual temperature and a negative relationship with mean annual precipitation. Our findings suggest that N deposition may influence global warming from the perspective of the CGWP of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Our results also provide reference values that may reduce uncertainties in future projections of the effects of N deposition on GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Shi XM, Qi JH, Liu AX, Zakari S, Song L. Leaf phenotypic plasticity coupled with integration facilitates the adaptation of plants to enhanced N deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121570. [PMID: 37023888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The response of leaf functional traits can provide vital insight into the adaptive strategies of plants under global change. However, empirical knowledge on the acclimation of functional coordination between phenotypic plasticity and integration to increased nitrogen (N) deposition is still scarce. The variation of leaf functional traits of two dominant seedling species, Machilus gamblei and Neolitsea polycarpa, across four N deposition rates (0, 3, 6, and 12 kg N ha-1yr-1), along with the relationship between leaf phenotypic plasticity and integration were investigated in a subtropical montane forest. We found that enhanced N deposition promoted the development of seedling traits toward the direction of resource acquisition, including improved leaf N content, specific leaf area and photosynthetic performance. Appropriate N deposition (≤6 kg N ha-1 yr-1) might induce the optimization of leaf functional traits to promote the capability and efficiency of nutrient use and photosynthesis in seedlings. However, excessive N deposition (12 kg N ha-1 yr-1) would result in detrimental effects on leaf morphological and physiological traits, thus inhibiting the efficiency in resource acquisition. A positive relationship occurred between leaf phenotypic plasticity and integration in both seedling species, implied that higher plasticity of leaf functional traits likely led to better integration with other traits under N deposition. Overall, our study emphasized that leaf functional traits could rapidly respond to changes in N resource, while the coordination between leaf phenotypic plasticity and integration can facilitate the adaptation of tree seedlings in coping with enhanced N deposition. Further studies are still needed on the role of leaf phenotypic plasticity and integration in plant fitness for predicting ecosystem functioning and forest dynamics, especially in the context of future high N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Meng Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China; College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Qi
- Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan, 676209, China
| | - An-Xin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sissou Zakari
- Laboratory of Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling, Faculté D'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Parakou, 03, BP 351, Benin
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China; Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong, Yunnan, 676209, China.
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11
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Wang H, Yang J, Xie T, Ma L, Niu F, He C, Shan L. Variation and association of leaf traits for desert plants in the arid area, northwest China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9946. [PMID: 36969926 PMCID: PMC10037433 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing variation and association of plant traits is critical for understanding plant adaptation strategies and community assembly mechanisms. However, little is known about the leaf trait variations of desert plants and their association with different life forms. We used principal component analysis, Pearson's correlation, phylogenetic independent contrasts, linear mixed model, and variance decomposition to explore the variation and association of 10 leaf traits in 22 desert plants in the arid area of northwest China. We found that: (1) the contribution of interspecific variation to the overall variation was greater than the intraspecific variation of all the studied leaf traits; (2) intraspecific and interspecific variation in leaf traits differed among life forms. Some leaf traits, such as tissue density of shrubs and specific leaf area of herbs, exhibited greater intraspecific than interspecific variation, while other traits exhibited the inverse; (3) desert shrubs corroborate the leaf economic spectrum hypothesis and had a fast acquisitive resource strategy, but herbs may not conform to this hypothesis; (4) there were trade‐offs between leaf traits, which were mediated by phylogeny. Overall, our results suggest that interspecific variation of leaf traits significantly contributes to the total leaf traits variation in desert plants. However, intraspecific variation should not be overlooked. There are contrasts in the resource acquisition strategies between plants life forms. Our results support understanding of the mechanisms underlying community assembly in arid regions and suggest that future works may focus on the variation and association of plant traits at both intra‐ and interspecific scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Wang
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Yang
- Pingliang institute of soil and water conservation SciencePingliangChina
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Li Ma
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Furong Niu
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Cai He
- Wuwei Academy of ForestryWuweiChina
| | - Lishan Shan
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
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12
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Li D, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Shi Z. Shrub encroachment alters plant trait response to nitrogen addition in a semi-arid grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1103371. [PMID: 37008490 PMCID: PMC10064521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Encroachment of shrubs over large regions of arid and semi-arid grassland can affect grassland traits and growth under a background of increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the effects of N input rates on species traits and the growth of shrubs on grasslands remain unclear. We examined the effects of six different N addition rates on the traits of Leymus chinensis in an Inner Mongolia grassland encroached by the leguminous shrub, Caragana microphylla. We randomly selected 20 healthy L. chinensis tillers within shrubs and 20 tillers between shrubs in each plot, measuring the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf N concentration per unit mass (LNCmass), and aboveground biomass. Our results showed that N addition significantly enhanced the LNCmass of L. chinensis. The aboveground biomass, heights, LNCmass, leaf area, and leaf number of plants within the shrubs were higher than those between shrubs. For L. chinensis growing between shrubs, the LNCmass and leaf area increased with N addition rates, leaf number and plant height had binomial linear relationships to N addition rates. However, the number of leaves, leaf areas and heights of plants within shrubs did not vary under various N addition rates. Structural Equation Modelling revealed N addition had an indirect effect on the leaf dry mass through the accumulation of LNCmass. These results indicate that the response of dominant species to N addition could be regulated by shrub encroachment and provide new insights into management of shrub encroached grassland in the context of N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Institute of Desertification Study, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Land Science and Technology Innovation Center, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Desertification Study, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Desertification Study, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Institute of Desertification Study, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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13
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Morphological and physiological responses of critically endangered Acer catalpifolium to nitrogen deposition levels. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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14
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Zhang S, Wang J, Liu F, BassiriRad H, Liu N. Simulated nitrogen deposition promotes the carbon assimilation of shrubs rather than tree species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114497. [PMID: 36265598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although understory addition of nitrogen (UAN) is commonly used to simulate nitrogen deposition in field studies in forest ecosystems, it ignores the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the canopy. We studied the effects of nitrogen deposition simulated by UAN and by canopy addition of nitrogen (CAN) on leaf structure, chemical properties, Calvin cycle, and photosynthate distribution strategy of representative woody plant species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in South China. The results showed that maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) of shrub species Blastus cochinchinensis and Ardisia quinquegona under CAN treatments was significantly higher than that of UAN treatments at the same N addition concentration. The concentrations of intermediates (PGK, DPGA and G3P) in Calvin cycle of B. cochinchinensis and A. quinquegona, and Castanea henryi were significantly increased with CAN treatments, but the opposite was true with UAN treatments. CAN25 significantly increased starch concentrations of shrub species Lasianthus chinensis and B. cochinchinensis, and significantly decreased sucrose concentrations of shrub species A. quinquegona and tree species C. henryi. Correlation analyses showed that nitrogen application amount under different modes helped explain the changes in Amax and Calvin cycle intermediates. In summary, nitrogen deposition may promote the Amax and Calvin cycle of shrub species, and the adaptability of shrub species to nitrogen deposition is higher than that of tree species, which may help to explain the degradation of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hormoz BassiriRad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60607, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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15
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Fan DY, Dang QL, Yang XF, Liu XM, Wang JY, Zhang SR. Nitrogen deposition increases xylem hydraulic sensitivity but decreases stomatal sensitivity to water potential in two temperate deciduous tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157840. [PMID: 35934026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of nitrogen deposition on tree water relations are studied extensively, its impact on the relative sensitivities of stomatal and xylem hydraulic conductance to vapor pressure deficit and water potential is still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of a 7-year N deposition treatment on the responses of leaf water relations and sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and water potential, as well as the sensitivity of branch hydraulic conductance to water potential in a dominant tree species (Quercus wutaishanica) and an associated tree species (Acer mono) in a temperate forest. It was found that the N deposition increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD, decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential, and increased the vulnerability of the hydraulic system to cavitation in both species. The standardized stomatal sensitivity to VPD, however, was not affected by the N deposition, indicating that the stomata maintained the ability to regulate the water balance under nitrogen deposition condition. Although the increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD could compensate the decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential to some extent, the combined response would increase the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) when 50 % loss in stomatal conductance occurred, particularly in the dominant species Q. wutaishanica. The result indicates that N deposition would increase the risk of hydraulic failure in those species if the soil and/or air becomes drier under future climate change scenarios. The results of the study can have significant implications on the modelling of ecosystem vulnerability to drought under the scenario of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China.
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16
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Jiang X, Song M, Qiao Y, Liu M, Ma L, Fu S. Long-term water use efficiency and non-structural carbohydrates of dominant tree species in response to nitrogen and water additions in a warm temperate forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025162. [PMID: 36420022 PMCID: PMC9676439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition tends to accompany precipitation in temperate forests, and vegetation productivity is mostly controlled by water and N availability. Many studies showed that tree species response to precipitation or N deposition alone influences, while the N deposition and precipitation interactive effects on the traits of tree physiology, especially in non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and long-term water use efficiency (WUE), are still unclear. In this study, we measured carbon stable isotope (δ13C), total soluble sugar and starch content, total phenols, and other physiological traits (e.g., leaf C:N:P stoichiometry, lignin, and cellulose content) of two dominant tree species (Quercus variabilis Blume and Liquidambar formosana Hance) under canopy-simulated N deposition and precipitation addition to analyze the changes of long-term WUE and NSC contents and to explain the response strategies of dominant trees to abiotic environmental changes. This study showed that N deposition decreased the root NSC concentrations of L. formosana and the leaf lignin content of Q. variabilis. The increased precipitation showed a negative effect on specific leaf area (SLA) and a positive effect on leaf WUE of Q. variabilis, while it increased the leaf C and N content and decreased the leaf cellulose content of L. formosana. The nitrogen-water interaction reduced the leaf lignin and total phenol content of Q. variabilis and decreased the leaf total phenol content of L. formosana, but it increased the leaf C and N content of L. formosana. Moreover, the response of L. formosana to the nitrogen-water interaction was greater than that of Q. variabilis, highlighting the differences between the two dominant tree species. The results showed that N deposition and precipitation obviously affected the tree growth strategies by affecting the NSC contents and long-term WUE. Canopy-simulated N deposition and precipitation provide a new insight into the effect of the nitrogen-water interaction on tree growth traits in a temperate forest ecosystem, enabling a better prediction of the response of dominant tree species to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengya Song
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengzhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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17
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Li W, Gan X, Jiang Y, Cao F, Lü XT, Ceulemans T, Zhao C. Nitrogen effects on grassland biomass production and biodiversity are stronger than those of phosphorus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119720. [PMID: 35810985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment have profound effects on grassland net primary production (NPP) and species richness. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relative contribution of N vs. P addition and their interaction on grassland NPP increase and species loss remains elusive. We compiled data from 80 field manipulative studies and conducted a meta-analysis (2107 observations world-wide) to evaluate the individual and combined effects of N and P addition on grassland NPP and species richness. We found that both N addition and P addition significantly enhanced grassland above-ground NPP (ANPP; 33.2% and 14.2%, respectively), but did not affect total NPP, below-ground NPP (BNPP), and species evenness. Species richness significantly decreased with N addition (11.7%; by decreasing forbs) probably due to strong decreased soil pH, but not with P addition. The combined effects of N and P addition were generally stronger than the individual effects of N or P addition, and we found the synergistic effects on ANPP, and additive effects on total NPP, BNPP, species richness, and evenness within the combinations of N and P addition. In addition, N and P addition effects were strongly affected by moderator variables (e.g. climate and fertilization type, duration and amount of fertilizer addition). These results demonstrate a higher relative contribution of N than P addition to grassland NPP increase and species loss, although the effects varied across climate and fertilization types. The existing data also reveals that more long-term (≥5 years) experimental studies that combine N and P and test multifactor effects in different climate zones (particularly in boreal grasslands) are needed to provide a more solid basis for forecasting grassland community response and C sequestration response to nutrient enrichment at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Fengfeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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18
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Zhang X, Liu H, Luo X, Xiao M, Xiang P, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ye Q, Wen D. Contrasting responses in growth, photosynthesis and hydraulics of two subtropical tree species to cadmium contamination as affected by elevated CO 2 and nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155858. [PMID: 35561921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, photosynthesis, and hydraulics are affected by heavy metals but also by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, few studies have investigated the response of woody species to the combined effects of these three factors. We conducted an open-top chamber experiment with two common subtropical trees (Acacia auriculiformis and Syzygium hainanense) to explore the effects of cadmium (Cd)-contamination, e[CO2], and N addition on plant eco-physiological traits. We found that the growth of A. auriculiformis was insensitive to the treatments, indicating that it is a Cd-tolerant and useful afforestation species. For S. hainanense, in contrast, e[CO2] and/or N addition offset the detrimental effects of Cd addition by greatly increasing plant biomass and reducing the leaf Cd concentration. We then found that e[CO2] and/or N addition offset the detrimental Cd effects on S. hainanense biomass by increasing its photosynthetic rate, its N concentration, and the efficiency of its stem water transport network. These offsetting effects of e[CO2] and/or N addition, however, came at the expense of reduced xylem hydraulic safety resulting from wider vessels, thinner vessel walls, and therefore weaker vessel reinforcement. Our study suggests that, given future increases in global CO2 concentration and N deposition, the growth of Cd-tolerant tree species (like A. auriculiformis) will be probably stable while the growth of Cd-sensitive tree species (like S. hainanense) might be enhanced despite reduced hydraulic safety. This also suggests that both species will be useful for afforestation of Cd-contaminated soils given future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xianzhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Meijuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Dazhi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Wu G, Chen D, Zhou Z, Ye Q, Wu J. Canopy nitrogen addition enhance the photosynthetic rate of canopy species by improving leaf hydraulic conductivity in a subtropical forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942851. [PMID: 35991414 PMCID: PMC9389171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on the photosynthetic capacity of plants is critical to understand forest growth and conservation under global change. However, studies on this topic generally consider only understory N addition, which ignores the effect of canopy interception. In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a subtropical forest to compare the effects of canopy vs. understory N addition on the photosynthetic rate of canopy and understory species. We found that canopy N addition enhanced the photosynthetic rate of canopy species by increasing leaf hydraulic conductivity and shortening the distance of CO2 transportation. In contrast, understory N addition had non-significant effects on the photosynthetic rate of canopy species. Moreover, the photosynthetic rate of understory species was not affected by canopy or understory N addition. Interestingly, changes in hydraulic conductivity contributed more to accelerating the photosynthetic rate than changes in CO2 transport distance. Our results provide important insights into the dissimilar effects of canopy and understory N addition on the photosynthetic rates of species in subtropical forests. Based on our findings, we highlighted the urgent need to consider canopy processes in future studies on N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Wu
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Hajek P, Link RM, Nock CA, Bauhus J, Gebauer T, Gessler A, Kovach K, Messier C, Paquette A, Saurer M, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Rose L, Schuldt B. Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3365-3378. [PMID: 35246895 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change-type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought-induced tree mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, the importance of two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how the local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk. Following the most extreme global change-type drought since record in 2018, one third of these trees died. Across species, hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) were negatively and a shift towards a higher sugar fraction in the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with mortality risk. Moreover, trees infested by bark beetles had a higher mortality risk, and taller trees a lower mortality risk. Most neighborhood interactions were beneficial, although neighborhood effects were highly species-specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. and Betula spp., tended to increase the survival probability of their neighbors and vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks the final stage of drought-induced tree mortality, we show that hydraulic failure is interrelated with a series of other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts in NSC pools driven by osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well as pest infestation and are modulated by the size and species identity of a tree and its neighbors. A more holistic view that accounts for multiple causes of drought-induced tree mortality is required to improve predictions of trends in global forest dynamics and to identify mutually beneficial species combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman M Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Kovach
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT), Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Hajek P, Link RM, Nock CA, Bauhus J, Gebauer T, Gessler A, Kovach K, Messier C, Paquette A, Saurer M, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Rose L, Schuldt B. Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3365-3378. [PMID: 35246895 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.17.423038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change-type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought-induced tree mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, the importance of two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how the local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk. Following the most extreme global change-type drought since record in 2018, one third of these trees died. Across species, hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) were negatively and a shift towards a higher sugar fraction in the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with mortality risk. Moreover, trees infested by bark beetles had a higher mortality risk, and taller trees a lower mortality risk. Most neighborhood interactions were beneficial, although neighborhood effects were highly species-specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. and Betula spp., tended to increase the survival probability of their neighbors and vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks the final stage of drought-induced tree mortality, we show that hydraulic failure is interrelated with a series of other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts in NSC pools driven by osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well as pest infestation and are modulated by the size and species identity of a tree and its neighbors. A more holistic view that accounts for multiple causes of drought-induced tree mortality is required to improve predictions of trends in global forest dynamics and to identify mutually beneficial species combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman M Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Kovach
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT), Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Guo A, Zuo X, Hu Y, Yue P, Li X, Lv P, Zhao S. Two Dominant Herbaceous Species Have Different Plastic Responses to N Addition in a Desert Steppe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801427. [PMID: 35557730 PMCID: PMC9087737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition rates are increasing in the temperate steppe due to human activities. Understanding the plastic responses of plant dominant species to increased N deposition through the lens of multiple traits is crucial for species selection in the process of vegetation restoration. Here, we measured leaf morphological, physiological, and anatomical traits of two dominant species (Stipa glareosa and Peganum harmala) after 3-year N addition (0, 1, 3, and 6 g N m-2 year-1, designated N0, N1, N3, and N6, respectively) in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. We separately calculated the phenotypic plasticity index (PI) of each trait under different N treatments and the mean phenotypic plasticity index (MPI) of per species. The results showed that N addition increased the leaf N content (LNC) in both species. N6 increased the contents of soluble protein and proline, and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the peroxidase (POD) activities of S. glareosa, while increased POD and catalase (CAT) activities of P. harmala. N6 increased the palisade tissue thickness (PT), leaf thickness (LT), and palisade-spongy tissue ratio (PT/ST) and decreased the spongy tissue-leaf thickness ratio (ST/LT) of S. glareosa. Furthermore, we found higher physiological plasticity but lower morphological and anatomical plasticity in both species, with greater anatomical plasticity and MPI in S. glareosa than P. harmala. Overall, multi-traits comparison reveals that two dominant desert-steppe species differ in their plastic responses to N addition. The higher plasticity of S. glareosa provides some insight into why S. glareosa has a broad distribution in a desert steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Guo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
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23
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Sun L, Yang G, Zhang Y, Qin S, Dong J, Cui Y, Liu X, Zheng P, Wang R. Leaf Functional Traits of Two Species Affected by Nitrogen Addition Rate and Period Not Nitrogen Compound Type in a Meadow Grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841464. [PMID: 35295632 PMCID: PMC8918929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity of plant functional traits plays an important role in plant growth and survival under changing climate. However, knowledge about how leaf functional traits respond to the multi-level N addition rates, multiple N compound and duration of N application remains lacking. This study investigated the effects of 2-year and 7-year N addition on the leaf functional traits of Leymus chinensis and Thermopsis lanceolata in a meadow grassland. The results showed that the type of N compounds had no significant effect on leaf functional traits regardless of duration of N application. N addition significantly increased the leaf total N content (LN) and specific leaf area (SLA), and decreased the leaf total P content (LP) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of the two species. Compared with short-term N addition, long-term N addition increased LN, LP, SLA, and plant height, but decreased the LDMC. In addition, the traits of the two species were differentially responsive to N addition, LN and LP of T. lanceolata were consistently higher than those of L. chinensis. N addition would make L. chinensis and T. lanceolata tend to "quick investment-return" strategy. Our results provide more robust and comprehensive predictions of the effects of N deposition on leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Guojiao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Siqi Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangzhe Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Peiming Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Qingdao, China
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24
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Lu X, Gilliam FS, Guo J, Hou E, Kuang Y. Decrease in soil pH has greater effects than increase in above‐ground carbon inputs on soil organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems of China under nitrogen enrichment. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany Guangzhou China
| | - Frank S. Gilliam
- Department of Biology University of West Florida Pensacola FL USA
| | - Jieyun Guo
- Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany Guangzhou China
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25
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Li W, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhang P, Ward ND, Norwood M, Myers-Pigg A, Zhao C, Leff R, Yabusaki S, Waichler S, Bailey VL, McDowell NG. Changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism during seawater-induced mortality of Picea sitchensis trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2326-2340. [PMID: 34014270 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seawater exposure is causing mortality of coastal forests, yet the physiological response associated with seawater-induced tree mortality, particularly in non-halophytes, is poorly understood. We investigated the shifts in carbon and nitrogen (N) metabolism of mature Sitka-spruce trees that were dying after an ecosystem-scale manipulation of tidal seawater exposure. Soil porewater salinity and foliar ion concentrations increased after seawater exposure and were strongly correlated with the percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC; e.g., crown 'greenness', a measure of progression to death). Co-occurring with decreasing PLFC was decreasing photosynthetic capacity, N-investment into photosynthesis, N-resorption efficiency and non-structural carbohydrate (soluble sugars and starch) concentrations, with the starch reserves depleted to near zero when PLFC dropped below 5%. Combined with declining PLFC, these changes subsequently decreased total carbon gain and thus exacerbated the carbon starvation process. This study suggests that an impairment in carbon and N metabolism during the mortality process after seawater exposure is associated with the process of carbon starvation, and provides critical knowledge necessary to predict sea-level rise impacts on coastal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Matt Norwood
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Allison Myers-Pigg
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Steve Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
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26
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Li Y, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang C, Fu S, Fang X. Responses in Growth and Anatomical Traits of Two Subtropical Tree Species to Nitrogen Addition, Drought, and Their Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709510. [PMID: 34408764 PMCID: PMC8365520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition and drought are two major stressors that influence tree growth and propagation. However, few studies have investigated their interactions. In this study, saplings of the two co-occurring species Ormosia pinnata (leguminous) and Schima superba (non-leguminous) were cultivated under two N addition rates (0 and 80 kg N ha-1 year-1) with well-watered (WW, 80% of field capacity), moderate drought (MD, 60% of field capacity), and severe drought conditions (SD, 40% of field capacity). We examined their growth, as well as multiple anatomical and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) responses, after 2 years. Results revealed that N addition significantly promoted the growth of MD-stressed S. superba, whereas no significant effect was detected in O. pinnata. Decreased leaf water potential (both Ψmd and Ψpd) was also observed with N addition for both species under MD, but not under SD. Furthermore, the application of N positively impacted drought adaptive responses in the stem xylem of S. superba, showing decreased stem xylem vessel diameter (D H), theoretical hydraulic conductivity (K th), and increased vessel frequency (VF) upon drought under N addition; such impacts were not observed in O. pinnata. Regarding leaf anatomy, N addition also caused drought-stressed S. superba to generate leaves with a lower density of veins (VD) and stomata (SD), which potentially contributed to an enhanced acclimation to drought. However, the same factors led to a decrease in the palisade mesophyll thickness (PMT) of SD-stressed O. pinnata. Moreover, N addition increased the xylem soluble sugar and starch of MD-stressed O. pinnata, and decreased the xylem soluble sugar under SD for both species. The results suggest that N addition does not consistently modify tree growth and anatomical traits under variable water availability. S. superba appeared to have a greater capacity to be more adaptable under the future interactive effects of N addition and drought due to major modifications in its anatomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Li
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaocheng Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiong Fang
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Paganeli B, Batalha MA. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the early growth of two congeneric pairs of savanna and forest species. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e235573. [PMID: 34105662 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.235573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tropical region, savannas and seasonal forests, both highly diverse biomes, occur side by side, under the same climate. If so, that mosaic cannot be explained solely by climatic variables, but also by fire, water availability and soil status. Nutrient availability in the soil, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, has been postulated to explain the abrupt transitions between savannas and seasonal forests in tropical regions. Plants from these two biomes may present different nutritional strategies to cope with nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. We used two congeneric pairs of trees - each pair with a species from the savanna and another from the neighboring seasonal forest - to test whether savanna and forest species presented different nutritional strategies during their early development. We cultivated 56 individuals from each of these species in a hydroponics system with four treatments: (1) complete Hoagland solution, (2) Hoagland solution without nitrogen, (3) Hoagland solution without phosphorus, and (4) Hoagland solution without nitrogen and phosphorus. After 45 days, we harvested the plants and measured total biomass, root to shoot ratio, height, leaf area, and specific leaf area. Overall, savanna species were lighter, shorter, with smaller leaves, higher specific leaf areas, and higher root to shoot ratios when compared to the forest species. Nitrogen increased the performance of species from both biomes. Phosphorus improved the performance of the forest species and caused toxicity symptoms in the savanna species. Hence, savanna and forest species presented different demands and were partially distinct already as seedlings concerning their nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paganeli
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Botany, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M A Batalha
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Botany, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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28
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Zhang T, Liang X, Ye Q, BassiriRad H, Liu H, He P, Wu G, Lu X, Mo J, Cai X, Rao X, Yan J, Fu S. Leaf hydraulic acclimation to nitrogen addition of two dominant tree species in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145415. [PMID: 33736159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant hydraulic traits have been shown to be sensitive to changes in nitrogen (N) availability in short-term studies largely using seedlings or saplings. The extent and the magnitude of N-sensitivity of the field grown mature trees in long-term experiments, however, are relatively unknown. Here, we investigated responses of leaf water relations and morphological and anatomical traits of two dominant tree species (Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba) to a six-year canopy N addition in a subtropical forest. We found that N addition increased leaf hydraulic conductivity in both species along with higher transpiration rate and less negative water potential at 50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductivity and at leaf turgor loss point. Examination of leaf morphological and anatomical traits revealed that increased leaf hydraulic efficiency was at least in part due to increased vessel diameter which also compromised the hydraulic safety under increased water stress. Moreover, reduced vessel reinforcement and increased thickness shrinkage index further interpreted the increases in leaf hydraulic vulnerability under N addition. Our results demonstrated that N deposition may lead to increases of plant water loss to the atmosphere as well as tree vulnerability to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Haibin Road 1119, Nansha, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Hormoz BassiriRad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago 60607, IL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guilin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xi'an Cai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingquan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Shang B, Xu Y, Peng J, Agathokleous E, Feng Z. High nitrogen addition decreases the ozone flux by reducing the maximum stomatal conductance in poplar saplings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115979. [PMID: 33168377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition are major environmental pollutants, often occurring concurrently. Ozone exposure- and flux-response relationships for tree biomass are used for regional O3 risk assessment. In order to investigate whether soil N addition affects stomatal O3 uptake of poplar, poplar saplings were exposed to treatment combinations of five O3 levels and four N addition levels. High N addition treatment reduced the accumulated stomatal O3 uptake in the leaf due to reduced maximum stomatal conductance (gs). Nitrogen addition also significantly reduced the steady-state light-saturated gs in August and September. Elevated O3 significantly reduced and N addition increased total plant biomass; however, there were no significant O3 × N interactions. The slopes of biomass-based O3 exposure- and flux-response relationships did not differ significantly among N treatments. The critical levels for a 5% biomass reduction were estimated at 15.4 ppm h and 17.1 mmol O3 m-2 projected leaf area (PLA) for Accumulated O3 exposure Over an hourly Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) and Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold 1 nmol O3 m-2 PLA s-1 (POD1). These results can facilitate the evaluations of O3 effect on the carbon-sink capacity and productivity of forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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30
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Zhang H, Yuan F, Wu J, Jin C, Pivovaroff AL, Tian J, Li W, Guan D, Wang A, McDowell NG. Responses of functional traits to seven-year nitrogen addition in two tree species: coordination of hydraulics, gas exchange and carbon reserves. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:190-205. [PMID: 33313912 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been observed to impact plant structure and functional traits in terrestrial ecosystems. Although the effect of N deposition on plant water use has been well-evaluated in laboratories and in experimental forests, the linkages between water and carbon relations under N deposition are unclear. Here, we report on hydraulics, gas exchange and carbon reserves of two broad-leaved tree species (Quercus mongolica and Fraxinus mandshurica) in mature temperate forests after a seven-year experiment with different levels of N addition (control (CK), low (23 kg N ha-1 yr-1), medium (46 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and high (69 kg N ha-1 yr-1)). We investigated variation in hydraulic traits (xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), native percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) and leaf water potential), xylem anatomy (vessel diameter and density), gas exchange (maximum net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance) and carbon reserves (soluble sugars, starch and total nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC)) with different N addition levels. We found that medium N addition significantly increased Ks and vessel diameter compared to control, but accompanied increasing PLC and decreasing leaf water potential, suggesting that N addition results in a greater hydraulic efficiency and higher risk of embolism. N addition promoted photosynthetic capacity via increasing foliar N concentration but did not change stomatal conductance. In addition, we found increase in foliar soluble sugar concentration and decrease in starch concentration with N addition, and positive correlations between hydraulic traits (vessel diameter and PLC) and soluble sugars. These coupled responses of tree hydraulics and carbon metabolism are consistent with a regulatory role of carbohydrates in maintaining hydraulic integrity. Our study provides an important insight into the relationship of plant water transport and carbon dynamics under increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Alexandria L Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jinyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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31
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Do invasive jumping worms impact sugar maple (Acer saccharum) water-use dynamics in a Central Hardwoods forest? Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sigala JA, Uscola M, Oliet JA, Jacobs DF. Drought tolerance and acclimation in Pinus ponderosa seedlings: the influence of nitrogen form. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1165-1177. [PMID: 32333785 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a limiting factor to forest regeneration and restoration, which is likely to increase in intensity and duration under future climates. Nitrogen (N) nutrition is related to drought-resistance mechanisms in trees. However, the influence of chemical N form (inorganic and organic N) on physiological traits related to drought resistance has been sparsely studied in conifer seedlings. We investigated the effect of N forms on morpho-physiological traits of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. seedlings and subsequent influences in drought tolerance and acclimation. One-year-old seedlings were fertilized during 10 weeks at 9 mM N with different N forms [either NH4+, NO3- or organic N (amino acids mixture)] in their second year of growth. After fertilization, we measured traits associated with intrinsic drought tolerance (shoot water relations, osmotic regulation, photosynthesis and cell membrane stability). Seedlings were then subjected to an 8-week drought period at varying drought intensities to evaluate plant acclimation mechanisms. We demonstrated that P. ponderosa seedlings could efficiently use amino acids as a primary N source, showing similar performance to those grown with inorganic N forms. Nitrogen form influenced mainly drought-acclimation mechanisms rather than intrinsic drought tolerance. Osmotic potential at saturation (Ψπsat) was marginally affected by N form, and a significant relationship between proline concentration in needles and Ψπsat was found. During acclimation, seedlings fertilized with organic N minimized needle senescence, retained more nutrients in the oldest needles, had maximum increments in proline concentration and hastened the development of water-use efficiency mechanisms compared with those fertilized with inorganic N sources. Our results suggest an improved physiological drought acclimation of organic N-fertilized seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Sigala
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETS Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Forest Plantations and Agroforestry Program, Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), km 4.5 Carretera Durango-El Mezquital, 34170 Durango, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Uscola
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá Apdo. 20 Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Oliet
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETS Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 Indiana, USA
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Rahman M, Islam M, Gebrekirstos A, Bräuning A. Disentangling the effects of atmospheric CO2 and climate on intrinsic water-use efficiency in South Asian tropical moist forest trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:904-916. [PMID: 32268375 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the ratio of carbon fixed by assimilation to water lost by transpiration through stomatal conductance (intrinsic water-use efficiency, iWUE) shows a long-term increasing trend globally. However, the drivers of short-term (inter-annual) variability in iWUE of tropical trees are poorly understood. We studied the inter-annual variability in iWUE of three South Asian tropical moist forest tree species (Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss., Toona ciliata M. Roem. and Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) derived from tree-ring stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in response to variations of environmental conditions. We found a significantly decreasing trend in carbon discrimination (Δ13C) and an increasing trend in iWUE in all the three species, with a species-specific long-term trend in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Growing season temperatures were the main driver of inter-annual variability of iWUE in C. tabularis and L. speciosa, whereas previous year temperatures determined the iWUE variability in T. ciliata. Vapor pressure deficit was linked with iWUE only in C. tabularis. Differences in shade tolerance, tree stature and canopy position might have caused this species-specific variation in iWUE response to climate. Linear mixed effect modeling successfully simulated iWUE variability, explaining 41-51% of the total variance varying with species. Commonality analysis revealed that temperatures had a dominant influence on the inter-annual iWUE variability (64-77%) over precipitation (7-22%) and atmospheric CO2 concentration (3-6%). However, the long-term variations in iWUE were explicitly determined by the atmospheric CO2 increase (83-94%). Our results suggest that the elevated CO2 and concomitant global warming might have detrimental effects on gas exchange and other physiological processes in South Asian tropical moist forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizanur Rahman
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Islam
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Aster Gebrekirstos
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Achim Bräuning
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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34
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Liang X, Zhang T, Lu X, Ellsworth DS, BassiriRad H, You C, Wang D, He P, Deng Q, Liu H, Mo J, Ye Q. Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3585-3600. [PMID: 32146723 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of plant photosynthetic response is needed to reliably predict changes in terrestrial carbon (C) gain under conditions of chronically elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, using 2,683 observations from 240 journal articles, we conducted a global meta-analysis to reveal effects of N addition on 14 photosynthesis-related traits and affecting moderators. We found that across 320 terrestrial plant species, leaf N was enhanced comparably on mass basis (Nmass , +18.4%) and area basis (Narea , +14.3%), with no changes in specific leaf area or leaf mass per area. Total leaf area (TLA) was increased significantly, as indicated by the increases in total leaf biomass (+46.5%), leaf area per plant (+29.7%), and leaf area index (LAI, +24.4%). To a lesser extent than for TLA, N addition significantly enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate per area (Aarea , +12.6%), stomatal conductance (gs , +7.5%), and transpiration rate (E, +10.5%). The responses of Aarea were positively related with that of gs , with no changes in instantaneous water-use efficiency and only slight increases in long-term water-use efficiency (+2.5%) inferred from 13 C composition. The responses of traits depended on biological, experimental, and environmental moderators. As experimental duration and N load increased, the responses of LAI and Aarea diminished while that of E increased significantly. The observed patterns of increases in both TLA and E indicate that N deposition will increase the amount of water used by plants. Taken together, N deposition will enhance gross photosynthetic C gain of the terrestrial plants while increasing their water loss to the atmosphere, but the effects on C gain might diminish over time and that on plant water use would be amplified if N deposition persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Hormoz BassiriRad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chengming You
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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35
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Bettenfeld P, Fontaine F, Trouvelot S, Fernandez O, Courty PE. Woody Plant Declines. What's Wrong with the Microbiome? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:381-394. [PMID: 31983620 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Woody plant (WP) declines have multifactorial determinants as well as a biological and economic reality. The vascular system of WPs involved in the transport of carbon, nitrogen, and water from sources to sinks has a seasonal activity, which places it at a central position for mediating plant-environment interactions from nutrient cycling to community assembly and for regulating a variety of processes. To limit effects and to fight against declines, we propose: (i) to consider the WP and its associated microbiota as an holobiont and as a set of functions; (ii) to consider simultaneously, without looking at what comes first, the physiological or pathogenic disorders; and (iii) to define pragmatic strategies, including preventive and curative agronomical practices based on microbiota engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bettenfeld
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; SFR Condorcet CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA4707, Reims, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- SFR Condorcet CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA4707, Reims, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Fernandez
- SFR Condorcet CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA4707, Reims, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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36
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Rootstock x Environment Interactions on Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Grafted Tomato Plants at Different Phenological Stages. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of grafting techniques for horticultural crops increases plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Tomato production under greenhouse conditions relies on plants grafted onto vigorous rootstocks because they sustain crops for longer periods. Growers under Mediterranean conditions usually grow crops in passive greenhouses during the summer and winter season, to provide fresh products throughout the year. No information is available with regard to the effect of the environment on nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in tomato plants grafted onto rootstocks with different vigor. In the present study, NUE, along with its components—uptake (NUpE) and utilization (NUtE) efficiencies—were evaluated in tomato plants grafted onto two interspecific rootstocks, conferring medium (“King Kong”) or high (“Kaiser”) vigor to the plants. The evaluations were carried out during the vegetative and reproductive stage in plants subjected to different environmental conditions resulting in different plant growth rates. The grafting treatments did not affect NUE, NUpE or NUtE in young plants, but at the reproductive stage, differences were found during the summer season (high N demand) where the vigorous rootstock increased NUpE from 55%, in non-grafted plants, to 94%, with the consequent differences in NUE. During the winter crop, no differences in NUE were found between the vigorous rootstock and non-grafted plants, but the less vigorous (cold-tolerant) rootstock enhanced NUpE. Significant positive relationships were found between plant growth rate and both NUE and NUpE, while NUtE decreased with increasing growth rate.
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Zhang H, McDowell NG, Adams HD, Wang A, Wu J, Jin C, Tian J, Zhu K, Li W, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Guan D. Divergences in hydraulic conductance and anatomical traits of stems and leaves in three temperate tree species coping with drought, N addition and their interactions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:230-244. [PMID: 31860728 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought and nitrogen (N) addition have been shown to affect tree hydraulic traits, but few studies have been made on their interactions across species with different wood types or leaf forms. We examined the responses of hydraulic conductance and xylem anatomical traits of Quercus mongolica (ring porous with simple leaves), Fraxinus mandshurica (ring porous with compound leaves) and Tilia amurensis (diffuse porous with simple leaves) to drought, N addition and their interactions. Drought stress decreased current-year xylem-specific conductivity in stems (Ksx) and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), but N addition affected Ksx and Kleaf differently among species and watering regimes. These divergent effects were associated with different responses of anatomical traits and leaf forms. Higher mean vessel diameter in stems and lower vessel density in leaves were observed with N addition. The three-way interactive effects of drought, N addition and tree species were significant for most values of anatomical traits. These results were also reflected in large differences in vessel diameter and density among species with different wood types or leaf forms. The two-way interactive effects of drought and N addition were significant on Kleaf and predawn water potential, but not Ksx, indicating that leaves were more sensitive than stems to a combination of drought stress and N addition. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the variable responses of xylem water transport to the interactions of drought and N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3013, USA
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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38
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Zhu L, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhao P, Ouyang L, Ni G, Liu N. Specific responses of sap flux and leaf functional traits to simulated canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a deciduous broadleaf forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:986-993. [PMID: 31280758 DOI: 10.1071/fp18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on water use characteristics and leaf traits of trees, we performed canopy (C50) and understory (U50) N additions as NH4NO3 of 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 in a deciduous broadleaf forest of central China. We measured xylem sap flux, crown area:sapwood area ratio (Ca:As), specific leaf area (SLA), mass-based leaf nitrogen content (Nmass) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of Liquidambar formosana Hance, Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Quercus variabilis Blume. Functional traits under different N addition treatments and their responses among tree species were compared and the relationship between xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits under N additions were explored. Results showed that under U50 sap-flux density of xylem significantly decreased for three tree species. But the effect of C50 on sap flux was species-specific. The decrease of sap-flux density with N additions might be caused by the increased Ca/As. δ13C remained constant among different N addition treatments. The responses of SLA and Nmass to N additions were species- and N addition approaches-specific. The correlation of xylem sap flux with leaf traits was not found. Our findings indicate that the effects of canopy N addition on xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits were species-specific and it is necessary to employ canopy N addition for exploring the real responses of forest ecosystems to climate changes in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Yan Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ding Y, Li Y. Adaptation of Dominant Species to Drought in the Inner Mongolia Grassland - Species Level and Functional Type Level Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:231. [PMID: 31040855 PMCID: PMC6477032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of plants to drought through the adjustment of their leaf functional traits is a hot topic in plant ecology. However, while there is a good understanding of how individual species adapt to drought in this way, the way in which different functional types adapt to drought along a precipitation gradient remains poorly understood. In this study, we sampled 22 sites along a precipitation gradient in the Inner Mongolia grassland and measured eight leaf functional traits across 39 dominant species to determine the adaptive strategies of plant leaves to drought at the species and plant functional type levels. We found that leaf functional traits were mainly influenced by both aridity and phylogeny at the species level. There were four types of leaf adaptations to drought at the functional type level: adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the specific leaf area, the nitrogen content, and the specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content simultaneously. These findings indicate that there is the trade-offs relationship between water and nitrogen acquisition as the level of drought increases, which is consistent with the worldwide leaf economics spectrum. In this study, we highlighted that the leaf economic spectrum can be adopted to reveal the adaptations of plants to drought in the Inner Mongolia grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qingfu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, BIOCHANGE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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Short-Term Nitrogen Addition Does Not Significantly Alter the Effects of Seasonal Drought on Leaf Functional Traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira Seedlings. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Short-term nitrogen (N) addition did not significantly alter the effects of seasonal drought on the leaf functional traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira seedlings in N-rich subtropical China. Background and Objectives: Seasonal drought and N deposition are major drivers of global environmental change that affect plant growth and ecosystem function in subtropical China. However, no consensus has been reached on the interactive effects of these two drivers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a full-factorial experiment to analyze the single and combined effects of seasonal drought and short-term N addition on chemical, morphological and physiological traits of M. pauhoi seedlings. Results: Seasonal drought (40% of soil field capacity) had significant negative effects on the leaf N concentrations (LNC), phosphorus (P) concentrations (LPC), leaf thickness (LT), net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), and predawn leaf water potential (ψPD), and significant positive effects on the carbon:N (C:N) ratio and specific leaf area (SLA). Short-term N addition (50 kg N·hm−2·year−1 and 100 kg N·hm−2·year−1) tended to decrease the C:N ratio and enhance leaf nutrient, growth, and photosynthetic performance because of increased LNC, LPC, LT, leaf area (LA), SLA, A, E, and ψPD; however, it only had significant effects on LT and Gs. No significant interactive effects on leaf traits were detected. Seasonal drought, short-term N addition, and their interactions had significant effects on soil properties. The soil total C (STC), nitrate N (NO3−-N) and soil total N (STN) concentrations were the main factors that affected the leaf traits. Conclusions: Seasonal drought had a stronger effect on M. pauhoi seedling leaf traits than short-term N deposition, indicating that the interaction between seasonal drought and short-term N deposition may have an additive effecton M. pauhoi seedling growth in N-rich subtropical China.
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Li W, Hartmann H, Adams HD, Zhang H, Jin C, Zhao C, Guan D, Wang A, Yuan F, Wu J. The sweet side of global change-dynamic responses of non-structural carbohydrates to drought, elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization in tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1706-1723. [PMID: 29897549 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) play a central role in plant functioning as energy carriers and building blocks for primary and secondary metabolism. Many studies have investigated how environmental and anthropogenic changes, like increasingly frequent and severe drought episodes, elevated CO2 and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, influence NSC concentrations in individual trees. However, this wealth of data has not been analyzed yet to identify general trends using a common statistical framework. A thorough understanding of tree responses to global change is required for making realistic predictions of vegetation dynamics. Here we compiled data from 57 experimental studies on 71 tree species and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate general responses of stored soluble sugars, starch and total NSC (soluble sugars + starch) concentrations in different tree organs (foliage, above-ground wood and roots) to drought, elevated CO2 and N deposition. We found that drought significantly decreased total NSC in roots (-17.3%), but not in foliage and above-ground woody tissues (bole, branch, stem and/or twig). Elevated CO2 significantly increased total NSC in foliage (+26.2%) and roots (+12.8%), but not in above-ground wood. By contrast, total NSC significantly decreased in roots (-17.9%), increased in above-ground wood (+6.1%), but was unaffected in foliage from N fertilization. In addition, the response of NSC to three global change drivers was strongly affected by tree taxonomic type, leaf habit, tree age and treatment intensity. Our results pave the way for a better understanding of general tree function responses to drought, elevated CO2 and N fertilization. The existing data also reveal that more long-term studies on mature trees that allow testing interactions between these factors are urgently needed to provide a basis for forecasting tree responses to environmental change at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, Jena, Germany
| | - Henry D Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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