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Yan S, Yu P, Liang G, Zhang D, Timko MP, Guo Q, Wu D. Three Alternaria Species, Including a New Species, Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica) in China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2354-2366. [PMID: 38301220 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1368-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is an economically important subtropical fruit crop in China. Field surveys conducted in different loquat orchards located in Chongqing, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces between 2017 and 2020 resulted in a collection of 56 Alternaria-like isolates from trees exhibiting symptoms of loquat leaf spot. Multigene phylogenetic analyses using seven gene regions, namely, ITS, gapdh, RPB2, tef1, Alt a 1, endoPG, and OPA10-2, showed that all the isolates belonged to the genus Alternaria, and supporting morphological analysis identified them as members of species A. alternata, A. gaisen, and A. chongqingensis sp. nov. In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity tests showed all the identified species to be pathogenic and able to cause leaf spot disease on loquat. Moreover, comprehensive phylogenetic analyses employing all combinations of the above seven gene sequences revealed the capability of Alt a 1-tef1-endoPG to provide a well-resolved gene tree for Alternaria spp. at the species level. This study adds to the current knowledge on an unknown species (A. chongqingensis sp. nov.) and is the first report of A. gaisen in loquat worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Institute of Fruit Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, U.S.A
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, U.S.A
| | - Qigao Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Zhu L, Zhang M, Yang X, Zi Y, Yin T, Li X, Wen K, Zhao K, Wan J, Zhang H, Luo X, Zhang H. Genome-wide identification of bZIP transcription factors in 12 Rosaceae species and modeling of novel mechanisms of EjbZIPs response to salt stress. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20468. [PMID: 38840305 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In plantae, basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are widespread and regulate a variety of biological processes under abiotic stress. However, it has not been extensively studied in Rosaceae, and the functional effects of bZIP on Eriobotrya japonica under salt stress are still unknown. Therefore, in this study, the bZIP TF family of 12 species of Rosaceae was analyzed by bioinformatics method, and the expression profile and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of E. japonica under salt stress were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 869 bZIP TFs were identified in 12 species of Rosaceae and divided into nine subfamilies. Differences in promoter cis-elements between subfamilies vary depending on their role. Species belonging to the same subfamily have a similar number of chromosomes and the number of genes contained on each chromosome. Gene duplication analysis has found segmental duplication to be a prime force in the evolution of Rosaceae species. In addition, nine EjbZIPs were significantly different, including seven up-regulated and two down-regulated in E. japonica under salt stress. Especially, EjbZIP13 was involved in the expression of SA-responsive proteins by binding to the NPR1 gene. EjbZIP27, EjbZIP30, and EjbZIP38 were highly expressed in E. japonica under salt stress, thus improving the salt tolerance capacity of the plants. These results can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the characteristics and functions of the bZIP TF family in more species and breeding salt-tolerant E. japonica varieties. It also provides a reference for resolving the response mechanism of bZIP TF in 12 Rosaceae species under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Bao Shan, China
| | | | - Xiuyao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinqiang Zi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Tuo Yin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xulin Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqiong Wan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Bao Shan, China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Bao Shan, China
| | - Hanyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Liu X, Song L, Xue B, Chi Z, Wang Y, Wen S, Lv W, Hu Q, Guo Q, Wang S, Wu D, Liang G, Jing D. Organic acid and sugar components accumulation and flavor associated metabolites dynamic changes in yellow- and white-fleshed seedless loquats ( Eriobotrya japonica). Food Chem X 2024; 21:101046. [PMID: 38173902 PMCID: PMC10762357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triploid loquats are divided into yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars. To better understand taste variations in triploid loquat fruits, we used a UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis to examine the metabolic composition of two different color fleshed triploid loquats with a sample size of 54 and external validation method within a confidence level of P<0.05. We identified key flavor-related differentially accumulated metabolites using the variable importance in projection (VIP) value (VIP ≥ 1.0) and fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5. Furthermore, the results of the HPLC analysis showed that white-fleshed loquats had a low malic acid content. We also performed the UPLC-MS/MS system to investigate the carotenoids contents and lipidome in four triploid cultivars. In the fruits of white-fleshed varieties, the carotenoids contents were significantly downregulated, but the contents of most glycerolphospholipids were increased. Our results reveal the metabolomic changes between the yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Baogui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Jiuquan Forest Fruit Service Center, Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China
| | - Zhuoheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Songqin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiankun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Song H, Zhao K, Jiang G, Sun S, Li J, Tu M, Wang L, Xie H, Chen D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SBP-Box Gene Family in Loquat Fruit Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 38254913 PMCID: PMC10815216 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) is a special evergreen tree, and its fruit is of high medical and health value as well as having stable market demand around the world. In recent years, research on the accumulation of nutrients in loquat fruit, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, has become a hotspot. The SBP-box gene family encodes transcription factors involved in plant growth and development. However, there has been no report on the SBP-box gene family in the loquat genome and their functions in carotenoid biosynthesis and fruit ripening. In this study, we identified 28 EjSBP genes in the loquat genome, which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. We also systematically investigated the phylogenetic relationship, collinearity, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-elements of EjSBP proteins. Most EjSBP genes showed high expression in the root, stem, leaf, and inflorescence, while only five EjSBP genes were highly expressed in the fruit. Gene expression analysis revealed eight differentially expressed EjSBP genes between yellow- and white-fleshed fruits, suggesting that the EjSBP genes play important roles in loquat fruit development at the breaker stage. Notably, EjSBP01 and EjSBP19 exhibited completely opposite expression patterns between white- and yellow-fleshed fruits during fruit development, and showed a close relationship with SlCnr involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and fruit ripening, indicating that these two genes may participate in the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in loquat fruit. In summary, this study provides comprehensive information about the SBP-box gene family in the loquat, and identified two EjSBP genes as candidates involved in carotenoid synthesis and accumulation during loquat fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shuxia Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jing Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Meiyan Tu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hongjiang Xie
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
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Zhang K, Zhou J, Song P, Li X, Peng X, Huang Y, Ma Q, Liang D, Deng Q. Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in 'Snow White' Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:80. [PMID: 38203258 PMCID: PMC10779426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The newly released 'Snow White' (SW), a white-fleshed loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivar, holds promise for commercial production. However, the specifics of the phenolic composition in white-fleshed loquats, along with the antioxidant substances and their regulatory mechanisms, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the dynamic changes in the phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression patterns of SW during the key stages of fruit development and ripening. A total of 18 phenolic compounds were identified in SW, with chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and coniferyl alcohol being the most predominant. SW demonstrated a stronger antioxidant capacity in the early stages of development, largely due to total phenolics and flavonoids. Neochlorogenic acid may be the most significant antioxidant contributor in loquat. A decline in enzyme activities corresponded with fruit softening. Different genes within a multigene family played distinct roles in the synthesis of phenolics. C4H1, 4CL2, 4CL9, HCT, CCoAOMT5, F5H, COMT1, CAD6, and POD42 were implicated in the regulation of neochlorogenic acid synthesis and accumulation. Consequently, these findings enhance our understanding of phenolic metabolism and offer fresh perspectives on the development of germplasm resources for white-fleshed loquats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (J.Z.); (P.S.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (Y.H.); (Q.M.); (D.L.)
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Zhang H, Pu J, Liu H, Wang M, Du Y, Tang X, Luo X, Wang Y, Deng Q. Effects of L-Cysteine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Treatment on Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Loquat Fruit during Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10541. [PMID: 37445735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sichuan is the China's leading producer of loquat, with the largest cultivation area and yield ranked first in China. Loquat is a seasonal fruit highly appreciated by consumers; however, the fruit is prone to browning and lignification after harvest, affecting its storage quality. The effects of L-Cysteine (L-Cys, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1%) on the sensory quality and antioxidant activity of loquat fruit during cold storage at 4 °C for 35 days and simulated shelf life for 5 days were investigated. The results showed that after 40 days of storage, compared with the control, 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA treatment of 'Zaozhong No. 6' loquat fruit effectively reduced the weight loss rate, browning index, decay index, respiratory rate, firmness, and lignin content and slowed the decreases in total soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acidityand vitamin C contents. The application of 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA significantly increased the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, flavanols, and carotenoids; delayed the increase of relative electric conductivity, MDA, POD, and PPO activities; and significantly enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and FRAP, thereby improving antioxidant capacity. In summary, 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA treatment promotes the quality of loquat fruit after 40 days of storage, and significantly enhances antioxidant capacity, thus delaying senescence after harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Pu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ying Du
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaofu Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xian Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Shah HMS, Khan AS, Singh Z, Ayyub S. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Foods 2023; 12:foods12061329. [PMID: 36981255 PMCID: PMC10048680 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit is a rich source of carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, sugars, and organic acids. Although it is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, susceptibility to mechanical and physical bruising causes its rapid deterioration by moisture loss and postharvest decay caused by pathogens. Anthracnose, canker, and purple spot are the most prevalent postharvest diseases of loquat fruit. Cold storage has been used for quality management of loquat fruit, but the susceptibility of some cultivars to chilling injury (CI) consequently leads to browning and other disorders. Various techniques, including cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, hypobaric storage, modified atmosphere packaging, low-temperature conditioning, heat treatment, edible coatings, and postharvest chemical application, have been tested to extend shelf life, mitigate chilling injury, and quality preservation. This review comprehensively focuses on the recent advances in the postharvest physiology and technology of loquat fruit, such as harvest maturity, fruit ripening physiology, postharvest storage techniques, and physiological disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Sattar Khan
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zora Singh
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Saqib Ayyub
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Cao M, Zhang J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Hu Y. A novel air-suction classifier for fresh sphere fruits in pneumatic bulk grading. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Bacterial cellulose production by a strain of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus isolated from residual loquat. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1551-1562. [PMID: 36723702 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, loquat extract was selected as a promising substrate for bacterial cellulose (BC) production. A new BC-producing bacterial strain was isolated from residual loquat and identified as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. BC production with different carbon sources and with loquat extract was investigated. Among all tested carbon sources, glucose was demonstrated to be the best substrate for BC production by K. rhaeticus, with up to 7.89 g/L dry BC obtained under the optimal initial pH (5.5) and temperature (28 °C) with 10 days of fermentation. The total sugar and individual sugars were investigated in different loquat extracts, in which fructose, glucose, and sucrose were the three main sugars. When loquat extract was prepared with a solid‒liquid (S-L) ratio of 2:1, the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were 7.91 g/L, 9.31 g/L, and 2.84 g/L, respectively. The BC production obtained from loquat extract was higher than that of other carbon sources except glucose, and 6.69 g/L dry BC was obtained from loquat extract with an S-L ratio of 2:1. After BC production, all sugars substantially decreased, with the utilization of glucose, fructose, and sucrose reaching 93.9%, 87.9%, and 100%, respectively. These results suggested that the different sugars in loquat extract were all carbon sources participating in BC production by K. rhaeticus. Structural and physicochemical properties were investigated by SEM, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the structural, chemical group, and water holding capacity of BC obtained from loquat extract were similar to those of BC obtained from glucose, but the crystallinity and thermal stability of BC were higher than those of BC from mannose and lactose but lower than those of BC from glucose and fructose. KEY POINTS: • A new BC-producing strain was isolated and identified as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. • Loquat extract is an alternative substrate for BC production. • The BC obtained from loquat extract owns advanced physicochemical properties.
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Jing D, Liu X, He Q, Dang J, Hu R, Xia Y, Wu D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Zhang C, Yu Y, Guo Q, Liang G. Genome assembly of wild loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica) and resequencing provide new insights into the genomic evolution and fruit domestication in loquat. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac265. [PMID: 36778182 PMCID: PMC9909508 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wild loquats (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) provide remarkable genetic resources for studying domestication and breeding improved varieties. Herein, we generate the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of wild loquat, with 45 791 predicted protein-coding genes. Analysis of comparative genomics indicated that loquat shares a common ancestor with apple and pear, and a recent whole-genome duplication event occurred in loquat prior to its divergence. Genome resequencing showed that the loquat germplasms can be distinctly classified into wild and cultivated groups, and the commercial cultivars have experienced allelic admixture. Compared with cultivated loquats, the wild loquat genome showed very few selected genomic regions and had higher levels of genetic diversity. However, whole-genome scans of selective sweeps were mainly related to fruit quality, size, and flesh color during the domestication process. Large-scale transcriptome and metabolome analyses were further performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in wild and cultivated loquats at various fruit development stages. Unlike those in wild loquat, the key DEGs and DAMs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly regulated in cultivated loquats during fruit development. These high-quality reference genome, resequencing, and large-scale transcriptome/metabolome data provide valuable resources for elucidating fruit domestication and molecular breeding in loquat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiangbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
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Kritsi E, Tsiaka T, Sotiroudis G, Mouka E, Aouant K, Ladika G, Zoumpoulakis P, Cavouras D, Sinanoglou VJ. Potential Health Benefits of Banana Phenolic Content during Ripening by Implementing Analytical and In Silico Techniques. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:332. [PMID: 36836689 PMCID: PMC9962436 DOI: 10.3390/life13020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana ranks as the fifth most cultivated agricultural crop globally, highlighting its crucial socio-economic role. The banana's health-promoting benefits are correlated with its composition in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds. Thus, the present study attempts to evaluate the potential health benefits of banana phenolic content by combing analytical and in silico techniques. Particularly, the total phenolic content and antioxidant/antiradical activity of banana samples during ripening were determined spectrophotometrically. In parallel, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was implemented to unravel the variations in the phenolic profile of banana samples during ripening. Chlorogenic acid emerged as a ripening marker of banana, while apigenin and naringenin were abundant in the unripe fruit. In a further step, the binding potential of the elucidated phytochemicals was examined by utilizing molecular target prediction tools. Human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II) and XII (hCA-XII) enzymes were identified as the most promising targets and the inhibitory affinity of phenolic compounds was predicted through molecular docking studies. This class of enzymes is linked to a variety of pathological conditions, such as edema, obesity, hypertension, cancer, etc. The results assessment indicated that all assigned phenolic compounds constitute great candidates with potential inhibitory activity against CA enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftichia Kritsi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Thalia Tsiaka
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sotiroudis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Mouka
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Aouant
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Georgia Ladika
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Dionisis Cavouras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Vassilia J. Sinanoglou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
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Dynamic Changes in Cell Wall Polysaccharides during Fruit Development and Ripening of Two Contrasting Loquat Cultivars and Associated Molecular Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020309. [PMID: 36673402 PMCID: PMC9858128 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquats have drawn much attention due to their essential nutrients and unusual phenology, which fills a market gap in early spring. Fruit firmness (FF) is one of the most important quality attributes. Dynamic changes in FF, cell wall (CW) polysaccharides, CW hydrolase activity, and expression of CW metabolism-related genes during the fruit development and ripening stages of two contrasting loquat cultivars were compared. Although the two cultivars possessed similar FF at the initial fruitlet stage, Dawuxing was significantly firmer than Ninghaibai at all subsequent time points. FF was positively correlated with the contents of covalent-soluble pectin and hemicellulose, activity of peroxidase, and gene expressions of PME, EG, CAD6, and POD; and negatively correlated with the contents of water-soluble pectin, activities of polygalacturonase, endo-glucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase, and gene expressions of PG, EG2, PAL1, PAL3, and CAD5. Identifying molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in FF is useful for fundamental research and crop improvement in future.
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Zhang S, Sun H, Wang J, Shen J, He F, Chen D, Wang Y. The Regulatory Mechanisms and Control Technologies of Chilling Injury and Fungal Diseases of Postharvest Loquat Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3472. [PMID: 36559584 PMCID: PMC9784782 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Loquat is a popular fruit widely cultivated all over the world. It is rich in minerals and carotenoids and has high commercial value. At room temperature, loquat fruit is impressionable to water and nutritional losses, physical damage, and microbial decay, resulting in a short postharvest life. Low-temperature storage is routinely used to prolong the shelf life of loquat fruit; however, cold storage can also lead to lignification of flesh tissue, which is one of the major symptoms of chilling injury (CI), reducing the quality and economic value of the fruit. In addition, fruit decay caused by microbial infection is another important reason for postharvest losses of loquat. To reduce quality deterioration and optimize the postharvest storage strategies of loquat fruit, considerable progress has been made in the physiological and molecular biological studies of CI, microbial decay, and preservation technologies of loquat fruit during the postharvest phase in recent decades. This review summarizes the current research progress and provides a reference for the improvement of loquat fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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14
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation on antioxidant activity and metabolomic profiles of loquat juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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The Effect of Short-Term Temperature Pretreatments on Sugars, Organic Acids, and Amino Acids Metabolism in Valencia Orange Fruit. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8188000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature pretreatment is one of the most important factors which significantly affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit. In this study, late-ripening Valencia orange (citrus sinensis) fruits were used to investigate the effect of short-term treatment at low (6°C), room (20°C), and high (40°C) temperatures on fruit quality. Our results revealed that both low and room-temperature treatments maintained the content of sugars and organic acids, whereas high-temperature treatments elevated the accumulation of sugars but decreased the content of citric acid. In fruit peel (flavedo and albedo), the accumulation of sugars and organic acids responding to temperatures was diverse and mostly different from that in the pulp. Meanwhile, GABA and several amino acids were upregulated under short-term high-temperature treatment but downregulated in response to low-temperature treatment in both peel and pulp. Furthermore, PCA and correlation analysis revealed that the short-term temperature treatments changed the metabolic flow, and GABA was positively correlated with sugars and organic acids. Our study analyzed the metabolic changes of fruit peel and pulp in response to short-term temperature treatments and revealed that GABA may act as a signaling molecular involved in temperature-controlled quality changes.
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16
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Xue Y, Wang F, Zhou C. Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Triterpenes from Loquat Peel and Pulp and Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Triterpenoid Components. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172563. [PMID: 36076748 PMCID: PMC9455252 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study the optimal extraction process of total triterpenes from loquat peel and pulp assisted by ultrasound. The effects of solid–liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic temperature on the yield of triterpenoid acid in loquat were investigated by single-factor and response surface methodology. FRAP (Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) method, ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) method, and DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of peel and pulp at different stages. LC-MS (Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer) was used to qualitatively analyze different tissues of loquat. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration 71%, ultrasonic time 45 min, ultrasonic power 160 W, solid–liquid ratio 1:10, and ultrasonic temperature 30 °C. The total triterpenoid content of loquat peel was 13.92 ± 0.20 mg/g. The optimal extraction conditions were ethanol concentration 85%, ultrasonic time 51 min, ultrasonic power 160 W, solid–liquid ratio 1:8, and ultrasonic temperature 43 °C. The total triterpenoid content of loquat pulp was 11.69 ± 0.25 mg/g. The contents of triterpenes and antioxidant capacity in the peel and pulp of loquat at the three stages were the highest in the fruit ripening stage (S3). LC-MS analysis showed that most of the triterpenes belonged to ursolic acid derivatives and oleanolic acid derivatives, which laid the foundation for further utilization and development of loquat peel and pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Xue
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agre-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5272-9962
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17
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Metabolic Profiling of Sugars and Organic Acids, and Expression Analyses of Metabolism-Associated Genes in Two Yellow-Peel Pitaya Species. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050694. [PMID: 35270164 PMCID: PMC8912497 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sugar and organic acids are important factors determining pitaya fruit quality. However, changes in sugars and acids, and expressions of metabolism-associated genes during fruit maturation of yellow-peel pitayas are not well-documented. In this study, metabolic and expression analyses in pulps of different fruit developmental stages of ‘Wucihuanglong’ (‘WCHL’, Hylocereus undatus) and ‘Youcihuanglong’ pitaya (‘YCHL’, Hylocereus megalanthus) were used to explore the sugar and organic acid metabolic process. Total phenols and flavonoids were mainly accumulated at S1 in pitaya pulps. Ascorbic acid contents of ‘WCHL’ pitaya were higher than that of ‘YCHL’ pitaya during fruit maturation. Starch was mainly accumulated at early fruit development stages while soluble sugars were rich in late stages. Sucrose, fructose, and glucose were the main sugar components of ‘YCHL’ pitaya while glucose was dominant in ‘WCHL’ pitaya. Malic and citric acids were the main organic acids in ‘WCHL’ and ‘YCHL’ pitayas, respectively. Based on the transcriptome analyses, 118 genes involved in pitaya sugar and organic acid metabolism were obtained. Results from the correlation analyses between the expression profiling of candidate genes and the contents of sugar and organic acid showed that 51 genes had a significant correlation relationship and probably perform key role in pitaya sugar and organic acid metabolism processes. The finding of the present study provides new information for quality regulation of pitayas.
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body's defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A. Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. E. Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Dhiman A, Suhag R, Thakur D, Gupta V, Prabhakar PK. Current Status of Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.): Bioactive Functions, Preservation Approaches, and Processed Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1866007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Suhag
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Dhruv Thakur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Viresh Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod K Prabhakar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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20
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Hadjipieri M, Georgiadou EC, Costa F, Fotopoulos V, Manganaris GA. Dissection of the incidence and severity of purple spot physiological disorder in loquat fruit through a physiological and molecular approach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:980-986. [PMID: 33039939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruit marketability is affected by the incidence and severity of purple spot (PS), a pre-harvest physiological disorder showing an evident skin discoloration with depressed surface. Despite its impact in limiting the cultivation and economic potential of loquat, the etiology of this disorder is still poorly understood. To this end, our study aimed to investigate and disclose possible mechanisms underlying PS development. The intensity and severity of PS in three loquat cultivars ('Morphitiki', 'Karantoki' and 'Obusa') was phenotypically monitored during successive on-tree fruit developmental stages. 'Obusa' fruits harvested at commercial maturity stage showed the highest incidence of purple spot (58.6%), while 'Morphitiki' fruits did not show any symptoms. 'Karantoki' fruits demonstrated an intermediate response, with 31.3% of the fruit being affected. Thereafter, fruits with 30-50% PS severity were selected and used for further analysis; peel tissue was removed from both symptomatic and asymptomatic tissue of the same fruit for all examined cultivars. 'Karantoki' fruit with PS were characterized by the highest accumulation of total soluble sugars, sucrose, glucose and fructose contents, while the concentration of these primary metabolites was the lowest in asymptomatic fruit of 'Obusa', exception made for the sucrose. The incidence of PS was also transcriptionally investigated by assessing the mRNA profile of important genes involved in polyphenolic (PAL1, PAL2 and PPO1) and carbohydrate (CWI2, CWI3, SPS1, SPS2, NI2, NI3, SuSy, HXK, FRK and VI) pathway. The enhanced expression levels of CWI3 and VI genes in symptomatic fruit of the highly susceptible cultivar 'Obusa' highlight a cultivar-specific type of response. Notably, SuSy registered significantly suppressed levels in symptomatic tissue of both 'Obusa' and 'Karantoki'. To what extent PPO is associated with PS incidence and whether the etiology of the disorder can be assigned to an oxidative process triggered and coordinated by its action need to be further elucidated. The aforementioned genes are suggested to be further examined as potential markers towards a more sophisticated and informed characterization of purple spot detection in loquat fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Hadjipieri
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Egli C Georgiadou
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All' Adige, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - George A Manganaris
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, 3603, Lemesos, Cyprus.
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López-Lluch DB, Cano-Lamadrid M, Hernández F, Zimmer A, Lech K, Figiel A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Wojdyło A. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Carotenoids of Dried Loquat Fruit cv. 'Algar' Affected by Freeze-, Convective-, Vacuum-Microwave- and Combined-Drying Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:E3643. [PMID: 32785157 PMCID: PMC7464511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different drying techniques (freeze, convective, vacuum-microwave and combined drying) on the drying kinetics, the phytochemical compounds and sensory characteristics in loquat cultivar 'Algar' was studied. The convective drying resulted in the highest amount of total hydroxycinnamic acids (5077 mg/kg wet weight (ww)), with 3-caffeoyl quinic acid and 5-caffeoyl quinic acid being the greatest carotenoids. The highest values of total carotenoids were obtained by the freeze-drying technique (2601 mg/kg ww), followed by all convective treatments and vacuum-microwave at 360 W. The highest carotenoid was β-carotene. The ABTS+• (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and FRAP (Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power) values ranged from 2.04 up to 3.27 mmol Trolox/100 g ww, and from 1.89 up to 2.29 mmol Trolox/100 g ww, respectively. As expected, the color difference of freeze-dried samples was the lowest (7.06), similar to combined drying conditions (9.63), whilst the highest value was found after convective drying (37.0). All treatments were sensory acceptable (no off-flavors). However, still, further research is needed to fully optimize these studied drying treatments because the freeze-dried sample still had higher carotenoid content and better instrumental color parameters. Although recently the impact of microwave drying has been studied, this is the first work comparing phytochemical composition of loquat fruit under the different drying methods mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bernardo López-Lluch
- Departamento Economía Agroambiental, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Grupo Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Group Plant Production and Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Aleksandra Zimmer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Krzysztof Lech
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Adam Figiel
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Grupo Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Xu M, Shen C, Zheng H, Xu Y, Xue C, Zhu B, Hu J. Metabolomic analysis of acerola cherry (Malpighia emarginata) fruit during ripening development via UPLC-Q-TOF and contribution to the antioxidant activity. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108915. [PMID: 32156365 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acerola cherry (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) is a tropical fruit of great economic and nutritional value due to its high content of vitamin C. However, there is little information available about which ripening stage of Acerola cherry can provide the best nutrients. In the current study, the chemical variation at two developmental stages (immature and mature) were investigated by metabolic profiling, and the biological properties of Acerola cherry and its antioxidant assays at four developmental stages were measured, respectively. Through comprehensive metabolites analysis via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (UPLC-QTOF), 1896 annotated metabolite features were obtained, and 133 metabolites were finally identified according to the MS/MS fragments compared with these standards in in-house database. Statistically differences in the levels of amino acids, flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids and ascorbic acids were found between mature and immature fruits. Interestingly, most of differential accumulated amino acids, flavonoids, lipids, and terpenoids predominantly accumulated in the mature fruits and ascorbic acid predominantly accumulated in the immature fruits. On the other hand, their antioxidant activities were compared. The alcoholic extract of immature acerola fruit possessed better scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS than the mature one. The well correlations were found between the antioxidant potential with its content of ascorbic acid (r = 0.9803 and 0.9897, respectively). In conclusion, Acerola cherry showed very different metabolite profile and antioxidant activities during the fruit ripening development. The maturity of Acerola cherry has to be considered when it is being used for health food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Han Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022 China
| | - Changfeng Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022 China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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