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Dmitrieva VA, Tyutereva EV, Voitsekhovskaja OV. What can reactive oxygen species (ROS) tell us about the action mechanism of herbicides and other phytotoxins? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:92-110. [PMID: 38663829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in plant cells continuously. When ROS production exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the cells, oxidative stress develops which causes damage of cell components and may even lead to the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). The levels of ROS production increase upon abiotic stress, but also during pathogen attack in response to elicitors, and upon application of toxic compounds such as synthetic herbicides or natural phytotoxins. The commercial value of many synthetic herbicides is based on weed death as result of oxidative stress, and for a number of them, the site and the mechanism of ROS production have been characterized. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ROS production in plants subjected to different groups of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins. We suggest that the use of ROS-specific fluorescent probes and of ROS-specific marker genes can provide important information on the mechanism of action of these toxins. Furthermore, we propose that, apart from oxidative damage, elicitation of ROS-induced PCD is emerging as one of the important processes underlying the action of herbicides and phytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia; Laboratory of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Saint Petersburg, 196608, Russia
| | - Elena V Tyutereva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
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2
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Ni JB, Ding CJ, Zhang JS, Fang XM, Xiao HW. Insight into the surface discharge cold plasma efficient inactivation of Pseudomonas fluorescens in water based on exogenous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Synergistic mechanism and energy benefits. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134984. [PMID: 38943891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
As well known, surface discharge cold plasma has efficient inactivation ability and a variety of RONS are main active particles for inactivation, but their synergistic mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, surface discharge cold plasma system was applied to treat Pseudomonas fluorescens to study bacterial inactivation mechanism and energy benefit. Results showed that energy efficiency was directly proportional to applied voltage and inversely proportional to initial concentration. Cold plasma treatment for 20 min was inactivated by approximately > 4-log10Pseudomonas fluorescens and application of •OH and 1O2 scavengers significantly improved survival rate. In addition, •OH and 1O2 destroyed cell membrane structure and membrane permeability, which promoted diffusion of RONS into cells and affecting energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity, leading to bacterial inactivation. Furthermore, accumulation of intracellular NO and ONOOH was related to infiltration of exogenous RNS, while accumulation of •OH, H2O2, 1O2, O2- was the result of joint action of endogenous and exogenous ROS. Transcriptome analysis revealed that different RONS of cold plasma were responsible for Pseudomonas fluorescens inactivation and related to activation of intracellular antioxidant defense system and regulation of genes expression related to amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism, which promoting cellular process, catalytic activity and other biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Ni
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xiangshan Beigou, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Ding
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing-Shou Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xiangshan Beigou, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Yong S, Chen Q, Xu F, Fu H, Liang G, Guo Q. Exploring the interplay between angiosperm chlorophyll metabolism and environmental factors. PLANTA 2024; 260:25. [PMID: 38861219 PMCID: PMC11166782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize how chlorophyll metabolism in angiosperm is affected by the environmental factors: light, temperature, metal ions, water, oxygen, and altitude. The significance of chlorophyll (Chl) in plant leaf morphogenesis and photosynthesis cannot be overstated. Over time, researchers have made significant advancements in comprehending the biosynthetic pathway of Chl in angiosperms, along with the pivotal enzymes and genes involved in this process, particularly those related to heme synthesis and light-responsive mechanisms. Various environmental factors influence the stability of Chl content in angiosperms by modulating Chl metabolic pathways. Understanding the interplay between plants Chl metabolism and environmental factors has been a prominent research topic. This review mainly focuses on angiosperms, provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing Chl metabolism, and the impact of environmental factors such as light, temperature, metal ions (iron and magnesium), water, oxygen, and altitude on Chl metabolism. Understanding these effects is crucial for comprehending and preserving the homeostasis of Chl metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyuan Yong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Goggin FL, Fischer HD. Singlet oxygen signalling and its potential roles in plant biotic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1957-1970. [PMID: 38372069 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (SO) is among the most potent reactive oxygen species, and readily oxidizes proteins, lipids and DNA. It can be generated at the plant surface by phototoxins in the epidermis, acting as a direct defense against pathogens and herbivores (including humans). SO can also accumulate within mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytosol and the nucleus through multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes. However, the majority of research on intracellular SO generation in plants has focused on transfer of light energy to triplet oxygen by photopigments from the chloroplast. SO accumulates in response to diverse stresses that perturb chloroplast metabolism, and while its high reactivity limits diffusion distances, it participates in retrograde signalling through the EXECUTER1 sensor, generation of carotenoid metabolites and possibly other unknown pathways. SO thereby reprogrammes nuclear gene expression and modulates hormone signalling and programmed cell death. While SO signalling has long been known to regulate plant responses to high-light stress, recent literature also suggests a role in plant interactions with insects, bacteria and fungi. The goals of this review are to provide a brief overview of SO, summarize evidence for its involvement in biotic stress responses and discuss future directions for the study of SO in defense signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Goggin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hillary D Fischer
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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5
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Li C, Wang C, Cheng Z, Li Y, Li W. Carotenoid biosynthesis genes LcLCYB, LcLCYE, and LcBCH from wolfberry confer increased carotenoid content and improved salt tolerance in tobacco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10586. [PMID: 38719951 PMCID: PMC11079049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids play essential roles in plant growth and development and provide plants with a tolerance to a series of abiotic stresses. In this study, the function and biological significance of lycopene β-cyclase, lycopene ε-cyclase, and β-carotene hydroxylase, which are responsible for the modification of the tetraterpene skeleton procedure, were isolated from Lycium chinense and analyzed. The overexpression of lycopene β-cyclase, lycopene ε-cyclase, and β-carotene hydroxylase promoted the accumulation of total carotenoids and photosynthesis enhancement, reactive oxygen species scavenging activity, and proline content of tobacco seedlings after exposure to the salt stress. Furthermore, the expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes and stress-related genes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) were detected and showed increased gene expression level, which were strongly associated with the carotenoid content and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. After exposure to salt stress, the endogenous abscisic acid content was significantly increased and much higher than those in control plants. This research contributes to the development of new breeding aimed at obtaining stronger salt tolerance plants with increased total carotenoids and vitamin A content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, 566 University Road, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong Province, China
| | - Caili Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, 566 University Road, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhiyang Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, 566 University Road, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, 566 University Road, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, 566 University Road, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong Province, China
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6
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Steen CJ, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Schaller RD, Fleming GR, Utschig LM. EPR Spin-Trapping for Monitoring Temporal Dynamics of Singlet Oxygen during Photoprotection in Photosynthesis. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1214-1224. [PMID: 38679935 PMCID: PMC11080054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A central goal of photoprotective energy dissipation processes is the regulation of singlet oxygen (1O2*) and reactive oxygen species in the photosynthetic apparatus. Despite the involvement of 1O2* in photodamage and cell signaling, few studies directly correlate 1O2* formation to nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) or lack thereof. Here, we combine spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies to track in real time the involvement of 1O2* during photoprotection in plant thylakoid membranes. The EPR spin-trapping method for detection of 1O2* was first optimized for photosensitization in dye-based chemical systems and then used to establish methods for monitoring the temporal dynamics of 1O2* in chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic membranes. We find that the apparent 1O2* concentration in membranes changes throughout a 1 h period of continuous illumination. During an initial response to high light intensity, the concentration of 1O2* decreased in parallel with a decrease in the chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime via NPQ. Treatment of membranes with nigericin, an uncoupler of the transmembrane proton gradient, delayed the activation of NPQ and the associated quenching of 1O2* during high light. Upon saturation of NPQ, the concentration of 1O2* increased in both untreated and nigericin-treated membranes, reflecting the utility of excess energy dissipation in mitigating photooxidative stress in the short term (i.e., the initial ∼10 min of high light).
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Steen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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7
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Pavasupree S, Chanchula N, Nunya N, Kashima S, Nakorn PN, Thongaram E, Shindo Y, Bootchanont A, Wattanawikkam C, Noonuruk R, Srilopan K, Porjai P. Influence of low-cost Thai leucoxene minerals on the growth, bioactive compounds, and antibacterial activities of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings in in vitro culture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9505. [PMID: 38664430 PMCID: PMC11045765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of low-cost Thai leucoxene mineral (LM) at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/L) on the growth and antibacterial properties of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings under in vitro were evaluated. The primary chemical composition of LM was approximately 86% titanium dioxide (TiO2), as determined by dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystalline structure, shape, and size were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. LM at 40 and 50 mg/L significantly increased plant height, leaf number, node number, and fresh and dry weight. These growth-promoting properties were accompanied by improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, LM treatment at 40 and 50 mg/L had positive effects on antibacterial activity, as indicated by the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The high levels of phenolic compounds in the plants contributed to the MIC and MBC values. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of LM in enhancing the growth of Chrysanthemum plants in in vitro culture and improving their antibacterial abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorapong Pavasupree
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nattapong Chanchula
- Expert Center of Innovative Agriculture (InnoAg), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narittaya Nunya
- Expert Center of Innovative Agriculture (InnoAg), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sirinya Kashima
- Expert Center of Innovative Agriculture (InnoAg), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pariya Na Nakorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University KlongNueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Esther Thongaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University KlongNueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yayoi Shindo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University KlongNueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atipong Bootchanont
- Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Smart Materials Research Unit, Rajamagala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chakkaphan Wattanawikkam
- Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Smart Materials Research Unit, Rajamagala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Russameeruk Noonuruk
- Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Smart Materials Research Unit, Rajamagala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kamonporn Srilopan
- Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Smart Materials Research Unit, Rajamagala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Porramain Porjai
- Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
- Smart Materials Research Unit, Rajamagala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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8
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Hynek J, Payne DT, Shrestha LK, Chahal MK, Ma R, Dong J, Ariga K, Yamauchi Y, Hill JP. Mild selective photochemical oxidation of an organic sulfide using OxP-polyimide porous polymers as singlet oxygen generators. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2322458. [PMID: 38440402 PMCID: PMC10911228 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2322458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of porous organic polymers based on a singlet oxygen generating oxoporphyinogen ('OxP') has been successfully prepared from a pseudotetrahedral OxP-tetraamine precursor (OxP(4-NH2Bn)4) by its reaction with tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides under suitable conditions. Of the compounds studied, those containing naphthalene (OxP-N) and perylene (OxP-P) spacers, respectively, have large surface areas (~530 m2 g-1). On the other hand, the derivative with a simple benzene spacer (OxP-B) exhibits the best 1O2 generating capability. Although the starting OxP-tetraamine precursor is a poor 1O2 generator, its incorporation into OxP POPs leads to a significant enhancement of 1O2 productivity, which is largely due to the transformation of NH2 groups to electron-withdrawing diimides. Overall 1O2 production efficacy of OxP-POPs under irradiation by visible light is significantly improved over the common reference material PCN-222. All the materials OxP-B, OxP-N and OxP-P promote oxidation of thioanisole involving conversion of ambient triplet state oxygen to singlet oxygen under visible light irradiation and its reaction with the sulfide. Although the reaction rate of the oxidation promoted by OxP POPs is generally lower than for conventional materials (such as PCN-222) or previously studied OxP derivatives, undesired overoxidation of the substrate to methyl phenyl sulfone is suppressed. For organic sulfides, selectivity of oxidation is especially important for detoxification of mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) or similarly toxic compounds since controlled oxidation leads to the low toxicity bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfoxide while overoxidation leads to intoxification (since bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfone presents greater toxicity to humans than the sulfide substrate). Therefore, OxP POPs capable of promoting selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides have excellent potential to be used as mild and selective detoxification agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hynek
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Payne
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mandeep K. Chahal
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Renzhi Ma
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jiang Dong
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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9
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Jameel J, Anwar T, Majeed S, Qureshi H, Siddiqi EH, Sana S, Zaman W, Ali HM. Effect of salinity on growth and biochemical responses of brinjal varieties: implications for salt tolerance and antioxidant mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38383291 PMCID: PMC10880304 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Salinity poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, impacting crops' growth, morphology and biochemical parameters. A pot experiment of three months was conducted between February to April 2023 in the Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Four brinjal (eggplant) varieties: ICS-BR-1351, HBR-313-D, HBR-314-E, and HBR-334-D were selected and assessed for the effects of salinity on various growth and biochemical attributes. The experiment was completely randomized in design with three replicates each. This study revealed that increased salinity significantly reduced the shoot length, root length, and leaf number across all varieties, with maximum adverse effects observed at a 300mM NaCl concentration. Among the tested varieties, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated superior performance in most growth parameters, suggesting potential salt tolerance. Biochemically, salinity decreased chlorophyll content across all varieties, with the sharpest decline observed at the highest salt concentration. V4 (HBR-334-D) showed a 57% decrease in chlorophyll followed by V3 (HBR-314-E) at 56%, V2 (HBR-313-D) at 54%, and V1 (ICS-BR-1351) at 33% decrease at maximum salt levels as compared to control. Conversely, carotenoid content increased up to -42.11% in V3 followed by V2 at -81.48%, V4 at -94.11%, and - 233% in V1 at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to respective controls. V3 (HBR-314-E) has the maximum value for carotenoids while V1 has the lowest value for carotenoids as compared to the other three brinjal varieties. In addition to pigments, the study indicated a salinity-induced decrease in total proteins and total soluble sugar, whereas total amino acids and flavonoids increased. Total proteins showed a decrease in V2 (49.46%) followed by V3 (36.44%), V4 (53.42%), and V1 (53.79%) at maximum salt concentration as compared to plants treated with tap water only. Whereas, total soluble sugars showed a decrease of 52.07% in V3, 41.53% in V2, 19.49% in V1, and 18.99% in V4 at the highest salt level. While discussing total amino acid, plants showed a -9.64% increase in V1 as compared to V4 (-31.10%), V2 (-36.62%), and V3 (-22.61%) with high salt levels in comparison with controls. Plant flavonoid content increased in V3 (-15.61%), V2 (-19.03%), V4 (-18.27%) and V1 (-27.85%) at 300mM salt concentration. Notably, salinity elevated the content of anthocyanin, lycopene, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) across all varieties. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased under salt stress, suggesting an adaptive response to combat oxidative damage. However, V3 (HBR-314-E) has shown an increase in anthocyanin at -80.00%, lycopene at -24.81%, MDA at -168.04%, hydrogen peroxide at -24.22%, POD at -10.71%, CAT as-36.63 and SOD as -99.14% at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to control and other varieties. The enhanced accumulation of antioxidants and other protective compounds suggests an adaptive mechanism in brinjal to combat salt-induced oxidative stress. The salt tolerance of different brinjal varieties was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the order of salt tolerance was V1 (ICS-BR-1351) > V4 (HBR-334-D), > V2 (HBR-313-D) > V3 (HBR-314-E). Among the varieties studied, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated resilience against saline conditions, potentially offering a promising candidate for saline-prone agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Jameel
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sundas Sana
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Lemke MD, Woodson JD. A genetic screen for dominant chloroplast reactive oxygen species signaling mutants reveals life stage-specific singlet oxygen signaling networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1331346. [PMID: 38273946 PMCID: PMC10809407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1331346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plants employ intricate molecular mechanisms to respond to abiotic stresses, which often lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within organelles such as chloroplasts. Such ROS can produce stress signals that regulate cellular response mechanisms. One ROS, singlet oxygen (1O2), is predominantly produced in the chloroplast during photosynthesis and can trigger chloroplast degradation, programmed cell death (PCD), and retrograde (organelle-to-nucleus) signaling. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in these signaling pathways or how many different signaling 1O2 pathways may exist. Methods The Arabidopsis thaliana plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2) mutant conditionally accumulates chloroplast 1O2, making fc2 a valuable genetic system for studying chloroplast 1O2-initiated signaling. Here, we have used activation tagging in a new forward genetic screen to identify eight dominant fc2 activation-tagged (fas) mutations that suppress chloroplast 1O2-initiated PCD. Results While 1O2-triggered PCD is blocked in all fc2 fas mutants in the adult stage, such cellular degradation in the seedling stage is blocked in only two mutants. This differential blocking of PCD suggests that life-stage-specific 1O2-response pathways exist. In addition to PCD, fas mutations generally reduce 1O2-induced retrograde signals. Furthermore, fas mutants have enhanced tolerance to excess light, a natural mechanism to produce chloroplast 1O2. However, general abiotic stress tolerance was only observed in one fc2 fas mutant (fc2 fas2). Together, this suggests that plants can employ general stress tolerance mechanisms to overcome 1O2 production but that this screen was mostly specific to 1O2 signaling. We also observed that salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) stress hormone response marker genes were induced in 1O2-stressed fc2 and generally reduced by fas mutations, suggesting that SA and JA signaling is correlated with active 1O2 signaling and PCD. Discussion Together, this work highlights the complexity of 1O2 signaling by demonstrating that multiple pathways may exist and introduces a suite of new 1O2 signaling mutants to investigate the mechanisms controlling chloroplast-initiated degradation, PCD, and retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse D. Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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11
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Lagarda-Clark EA, Goulet C, Duarte-Sierra A. Biochemical dynamics during postharvest: Highlighting the interplay of stress during storage and maturation of fresh produce. Biomol Concepts 2024; 15:bmc-2022-0048. [PMID: 38587059 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lifecycle of fresh produce involves a sequence of biochemical events during their ontology, and these events are particularly significant for climacteric fruits. A high demand during ripening is observed in these plant products, which is reflected in a high rate of respiration and ethylene production. Increased respiratory demand triggers the activation of secondary pathways such as alternate oxidase, which do not experience critical increases in energy consumption in non-climacteric fruit. In addition, biochemical events produced by external factors lead to compensatory responses in fresh produce to counteract the oxidative stress caused by the former. The dynamics of these responses are accompanied by signaling, where reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in fresh product cell perception. This review aims to describe the protection mechanisms of fresh produce against environmental challenges and how controlled doses of abiotic stressors can be used to improve quality and prolong their shelf-life through the interaction of stress and defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Alonso Lagarda-Clark
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Research in Plant Innovation (CRIV), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 6 0A6, Canada
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 8 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Goulet
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Research in Plant Innovation (CRIV), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 6 0A6, Canada
- Department of Phytology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Arturo Duarte-Sierra
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Research in Plant Innovation (CRIV), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 6 0A6, Canada
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 8 0A6, Canada
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12
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Captivating Colors, Crucial Roles: Astaxanthin's Antioxidant Impact on Fish Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3357. [PMID: 37958112 PMCID: PMC10648254 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, constantly exposed to environmental stressors due to their aquatic habitat and high metabolic rates, are susceptible to oxidative stress. This review examines the interplay between oxidative stress and fish reproduction, emphasizing the potent antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. Our primary objective is to highlight astaxanthin's role in mitigating oxidative stress during critical reproductive stages, leading to improved gamete quality, ovary development, and hormone levels. We also explore its practical applications in aquaculture, including enhanced pigmentation and overall fish health. We conducted a comprehensive literature review, analyzing studies on astaxanthin's antioxidant properties and its impact on fish reproduction. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, effectively combats reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane integrity. It significantly enhances reproductive success in fish and improves overall fish health in aquaculture settings. This review reveals astaxanthin's multifaceted benefits in fish health and reproduction, offering economic advantages in aquaculture. Future research should delve into species-specific responses, optimal dosages, and the long-term effects of astaxanthin supplementation to inform sustainable aquaculture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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13
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Wang K, Mao W, Song X, Chen M, Feng W, Peng B, Chen Y. Reactive X (where X = O, N, S, C, Cl, Br, and I) species nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6957-7035. [PMID: 37743750 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00435f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbonyl, chlorine, bromine, and iodine species (RXS, where X = O, N, S, C, Cl, Br, and I) have important roles in various normal physiological processes and act as essential regulators of cell metabolism; their inherent biological activities govern cell signaling, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. However, an imbalance between RXS production and consumption will induce the occurrence and development of various diseases. Due to the considerable progress of nanomedicine, a variety of nanosystems that can regulate RXS has been rationally designed and engineered for restoring RXS balance to halt the pathological processes of different diseases. The invention of radical-regulating nanomaterials creates the possibility of intriguing projects for disease treatment and promotes advances in nanomedicine. In this comprehensive review, we summarize, discuss, and highlight very-recent advances in RXS-based nanomedicine for versatile disease treatments. This review particularly focuses on the types and pathological effects of these reactive species and explores the biological effects of RXS-based nanomaterials, accompanied by a discussion and the outlook of the challenges faced and future clinical translations of RXS nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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14
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Sandalio LM, Espinosa J, Shabala S, León J, Romero-Puertas MC. Reactive oxygen species- and nitric oxide-dependent regulation of ion and metal homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5970-5988. [PMID: 37668424 PMCID: PMC10575707 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration and impoverishment of soil, caused by environmental pollution and climate change, result in reduced crop productivity. To adapt to hostile soils, plants have developed a complex network of factors involved in stress sensing, signal transduction, and adaptive responses. The chemical properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) allow them to participate in integrating the perception of external signals by fine-tuning protein redox regulation and signal transduction, triggering specific gene expression. Here, we update and summarize progress in understanding the mechanistic basis of ROS and RNS production at the subcellular level in plants and their role in the regulation of ion channels/transporters at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. We have also carried out an in silico analysis of different redox-dependent modifications of ion channels/transporters and identified cysteine and tyrosine targets of nitric oxide in metal transporters. Further, we summarize possible ROS- and RNS-dependent sensors involved in metal stress sensing, such as kinases and phosphatases, as well as some ROS/RNS-regulated transcription factors that could be involved in metal homeostasis. Understanding ROS- and RNS-dependent signaling events is crucial to designing new strategies to fortify crops and improve plant tolerance of nutritional imbalance and metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Espinosa
- Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - José León
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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15
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Sevilla F, Martí MC, De Brasi-Velasco S, Jiménez A. Redox regulation, thioredoxins, and glutaredoxins in retrograde signalling and gene transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5955-5969. [PMID: 37453076 PMCID: PMC10575703 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signal transduction pathways via redox sensors and the thiol-dependent signalling network is of increasing interest in cell biology for their implications in plant growth and productivity. Redox regulation is an important point of control in protein structure, interactions, cellular location, and function, with thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs) being key players in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. The crosstalk between second messengers, ROS, thiol redox signalling, and redox homeostasis-related genes controls almost every aspect of plant development and stress response. We review the emerging roles of TRXs and GRXs in redox-regulated processes interacting with other cell signalling systems such as organellar retrograde communication and gene expression, especially in plants during their development and under stressful environments. This approach will cast light on the specific role of these proteins as redox signalling components, and their importance in different developmental processes during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sabrina De Brasi-Velasco
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Yang X, Guan H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Su W, Song S, Liu H, Chen R, Hao Y. Extra- and intranuclear heat perception and triggering mechanisms in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276649. [PMID: 37860244 PMCID: PMC10582638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The escalating impact of global warming on crop yield and quality poses a significant threat to future food supplies. Breeding heat-resistant crop varieties holds promise, but necessitates a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant heat tolerance. Recent studies have shed light on the initial events of heat perception in plants. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the recent progress made in unraveling the mechanisms of heat perception and response in plants. Calcium ion (Ca2+), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) have emerged as key participants in heat perception. Furthermore, we discuss the potential roles of the NAC transcription factor NTL3, thermo-tolerance 3.1 (TT3.1), and Target of temperature 3 (TOT3) as thermosensors associated with the plasma membrane. Additionally, we explore the involvement of cytoplasmic HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9), mRNA encoding the phytochrome-interacting factor 7 (PIF7), and chloroplasts in mediating heat perception. This review also highlights the role of intranuclear transcriptional condensates formed by phytochrome B (phyB), EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), and guanylate-binding protein (GBP)-like GTPase 3 (GBPL3) in heat perception. Finally, we raise the unresolved questions in the field of heat perception that require further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Bali S, Gautam A, Dhiman A, Michael R, Dogra V. Salicylate and jasmonate intertwine in ROS-triggered chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14041. [PMID: 37882286 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, are frequently exposed to environmental perturbations, affecting their sustenance and survival. In response, distinct inherent mechanisms emerged during plant evolution to deal with environmental stresses. Among various organelles, chloroplast plays an indispensable role in plant cells. Besides providing the site for photosynthesis and biosynthesis of many important primary and secondary metabolites, including hormones, chloroplasts also act as environmental sensors. Any environmental perturbation directly influences the photosynthetic electron transport chain, leading to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damages to biomolecules in the vicinity. To prevent excess ROS accumulation and the consequent oxidative damages, the chloroplast activates retrograde signaling (RS) pathways to reprogramme nuclear gene expression, defining plant's response to stress. Based on levels and site of ROS accumulation, distinct biomolecules are oxidized, generating specific derivatives that act as genuine signaling molecules, triggering specific RS pathways to instigate distinctive responses, including growth inhibition, acclimation, and programmed cell death. Though various RS pathways independently modulate nuclear gene expression, they also implicate the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and oxylipins, including 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid (JA), by promoting their biosynthesis and utilizing them for intra- and intercellular communications. Several studies reported the involvement of both hormones in individual RS pathways, but the precise dissection of their activation and participation in a given RS pathway remains an enigma. The present review describes the current understanding of how SA and JA intertwine in ROS-triggered RS pathways. We have also emphasized the future perspectives for elucidating stress specificity and spatiotemporal accumulation of respective hormones in a given RS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Ayushi Gautam
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Aarzoo Dhiman
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Rahul Michael
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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18
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Guo W, Xing Y, Luo X, Li F, Ren M, Liang Y. Reactive Oxygen Species: A Crosslink between Plant and Human Eukaryotic Cell Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13052. [PMID: 37685857 PMCID: PMC10487619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulating factors that play a dual role in plant and human cells. As the first messenger response in organisms, ROS coordinate signals in growth, development, and metabolic activity pathways. They also can act as an alarm mechanism, triggering cellular responses to harmful stimuli. However, excess ROS cause oxidative stress-related damage and oxidize organic substances, leading to cellular malfunctions. This review summarizes the current research status and mechanisms of ROS in plant and human eukaryotic cells, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two and elucidating their interactions with other reactive substances and ROS. Based on the similar regulatory and metabolic ROS pathways in the two kingdoms, this review proposes future developments that can provide opportunities to develop novel strategies for treating human diseases or creating greater agricultural value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yadi Xing
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China;
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China;
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.G.); (Y.X.); (F.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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19
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Hancock JT. Are Protein Cavities and Pockets Commonly Used by Redox Active Signalling Molecules? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2594. [PMID: 37514209 PMCID: PMC10383989 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been well known for a long time that inert gases, such as xenon (Xe), have significant biological effects. As these atoms are extremely unlikely to partake in direct chemical reactions with biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, there must be some other mode of action to account for the effects reported. It has been shown that the topology of proteins allows for cavities and hydrophobic pockets, and it is via an interaction with such protein structures that inert gases are thought to have their action. Recently, it has been mooted that the relatively inert gas molecular hydrogen (H2) may also have its effects via such a mechanism, influencing protein structures and actions. H2 is thought to also act via interaction with redox active compounds, particularly the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), but not nitric oxide (NO·), superoxide anions (O2·-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, instead of having a direct interaction with H2, is there any evidence that these redox compounds can also interact with Xe pockets and cavities in proteins, either having an independent effect on proteins or interfering with the action of inert gases? This suggestion will be explored here.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hancock
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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20
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Kesawat MS, Satheesh N, Kherawat BS, Kumar A, Kim HU, Chung SM, Kumar M. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species during Salt Stress in Plants and Their Crosstalk with Other Signaling Molecules-Current Perspectives and Future Directions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040864. [PMID: 36840211 PMCID: PMC9964777 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a severe type of environmental stress. It adversely affects agricultural production worldwide. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most frequent phenomenon during salt stress. ROS are extremely reactive and, in high amounts, noxious, leading to destructive processes and causing cellular damage. However, at lower concentrations, ROS function as secondary messengers, playing a critical role as signaling molecules, ensuring regulation of growth and adjustment to multifactorial stresses. Plants contain several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that can detoxify ROS. The production of ROS and their scavenging are important aspects of the plant's normal response to adverse conditions. Recently, this field has attracted immense attention from plant scientists; however, ROS-induced signaling pathways during salt stress remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the critical role of different antioxidants in salt stress tolerance. We also summarize the recent advances on the detrimental effects of ROS, on the antioxidant machinery scavenging ROS under salt stress, and on the crosstalk between ROS and other various signaling molecules, including nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, calcium, and phytohormones. Moreover, the utilization of "-omic" approaches to improve the ROS-regulating antioxidant system during the adaptation process to salt stress is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Singh Kesawat
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India
| | - Neela Satheesh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India
| | - Bhagwat Singh Kherawat
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bikaner II, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner 334603, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Hyun-Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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The Key Roles of ROS and RNS as a Signaling Molecule in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020268. [PMID: 36829828 PMCID: PMC9952064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Over the past two decades, various studies have endorsed the notion that these molecules can act as intracellular and intercellular signaling molecules at a very low concentration to control plant growth and development, symbiotic association, and defense mechanisms in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, the upsurge of ROS and RNS under stressful conditions can lead to cell damage, retarded growth, and delayed development of plants. As signaling molecules, ROS and RNS have gained great attention from plant scientists and have been studied under different developmental stages of plants. However, the role of RNS and RNS signaling in plant-microbe interactions is still unknown. Different organelles of plant cells contain the enzymes necessary for the formation of ROS and RNS as well as their scavengers, and the spatial and temporal positions of these enzymes determine the signaling pathways. In the present review, we aimed to report the production of ROS and RNS, their role as signaling molecules during plant-microbe interactions, and the antioxidant system as a balancing system in the synthesis and elimination of these species.
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Tano DW, Kozlowska MA, Easter RA, Woodson JD. Multiple pathways mediate chloroplast singlet oxygen stress signaling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:167-187. [PMID: 36266500 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplasts can respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aside from being cytotoxic, ROS also have signaling capabilities. For example, the ROS singlet oxygen (1O2) can initiate nuclear gene expression, chloroplast degradation, and cell death. To unveil the signaling mechanisms involved, researchers have used several 1O2-producing Arabidopsis thaliana mutants as genetic model systems, including plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2), fluorescent in blue light (flu), chlorina 1 (ch1), and accelerated cell death 2 (acd2). Here, we compare these 1O2-producing mutants to elucidate if they utilize one or more signaling pathways to control cell death and nuclear gene expression. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we demonstrate fc2, flu, and ch1 share a core response to 1O2 accumulation, but maintain unique responses, potentially tailored to respond to their specific stresses. Subsequently, we used a genetic approach to determine if these mutants share 1O2 signaling pathways by testing the ability of genetic suppressors of one 1O2 producing mutant to suppress signaling in a different 1O2 producing mutant. Our genetic analyses revealed at least two different chloroplast 1O2 signaling pathways control cellular degradation: one specific to the flu mutant and one shared by fc2, ch1, and acd2 mutants, but with life-stage-specific (seedling vs. adult) features. Overall, this work reveals chloroplast stress signaling involving 1O2 is complex and may allow cells to finely tune their physiology to environmental inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Tano
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Marta A Kozlowska
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Robert A Easter
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Jesse D Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA.
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23
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Batra N, Kumari N, Sharma V. Salt stress in plants and amelioration strategies: alleviation of agriculture and livelihood risks after the Covid-19 pandemic. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023; 36:268-274. [PMID: 36540658 PMCID: PMC9755768 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-022-00534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people worldwide. The growing nature of disasters, the systemic nature of risk, a more recent pandemic along with abiotic stress factors are endangering our entire food system. In these stressful environment, it is widely reprimanded that strategies should be encompassed to attain increased crop yield and economic returns which would alleviate food and nutritional scarcity in developing countries. To study the physiological responses to salt stress, Vigna radiata seedlings subjected to varying levels of salt stress (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) were evaluated by tracking changes in Chl a fluorescence, pigment content, free proline and carotenoids content by HPLC. The ability of plants to adapt to salt stress is related with the plasticity and resilience of photosynthesis. As salt concentration increased, chlorophyll fluorescence indices decreased and a reduction in the PSII linear electron transport rate was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used for in vitro non-invasive monitoring of plants responses to salt stress. Overall, Vigna responded to salt stress by the changes in avoidance mechanism and protective systems. Chl fluorescence indices, enzymatic contents of POD, CAT and free proline were sensitive to salt stress. The study is significant to evaluate the tolerance mechanisms of plants to salt stress and may develop insights for breeding new salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan 302020 India
| | - Nilima Kumari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022 India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, RIICO Kant Kalwar Industrial Area, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303002 India
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24
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Alameldin HF, Montgomery BL. Plasticity of Arabidopsis rosette transcriptomes and photosynthetic responses in dynamic light conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e475. [PMID: 36628154 PMCID: PMC9822700 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the high variability of natural growth environments, plants exhibit flexibility and resilience in regard to the strategies they employ to maintain overall fitness, including maximizing light use for photosynthesis, while simultaneously limiting light-associated damage. We measured distinct parameters of photosynthetic performance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under dynamic light regimes. Plants were grown to maturity then subjected to the following 5-day (16 h light, 8 h dark) regime: Day 1 at constant light (CL) intensity during light period, representative of a common lab growth condition; Day 2 under sinusoidal variation in light intensity (SL) during the light period that is representative of changes occurring during a clear sunny day; Day 3 under fluctuating light (FL) intensity during the light period that simulates sudden changes that might occur with the movements of clouds in and out of the view of the sun; Day 4, repeat of CL; and Day 5, repeat of FL. We also examined the global transcriptome profile in these growth conditions based on obtaining RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for whole plant rosettes. Our transcriptomic analyses indicated downregulation of photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) associated genes, which were correlated with elevated levels of photoinhibition as indicated by measurements of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), energy-dependent quenching (qE), and inhibitory quenching (qI) under both SL and FL conditions. Furthermore, our transcriptomic results indicated downregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis associated genes, coupled with reduced levels of chlorophyll under both SL and FL compared with CL, as well as downregulation of photorespiration-associated genes under SL. We also noticed an enrichment of the stress response gene ontology (GO) terms for genes differentially regulated under FL when compared with SL. Collectively, our phenotypic and transcriptome analyses serve as useful resources for probing the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with plant acclimation to rapid light intensity changes in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussien F. Alameldin
- DOE‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI)Agriculture Research Center (ARC)GizaEgypt
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- DOE‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of BiologyGrinnell CollegeGrinnellIowaUSA
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25
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Photoacclimation of photosystem II photochemistry induced by rose Bengal and methyl viologen in Nannochloropsis oceanica. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:2205-2215. [PMID: 36074327 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus is a major reactive oxygen species (ROS) proliferator, especially in high-light environments. The role of ROS in photoinhibition and photoacclimation mechanisms has been extensively explored, primarily in model plant species. However, little work has been performed on the topic in non-Archaeplastida organisms, such as the model heterokont species Nannochloropsis oceanica. To investigate the photoacclimation and damaging impact of singlet oxygen and superoxide anions on the photosynthetic apparatus of N. oceanica, we subjected cells to two doses of methyl viologen and rose bengal. Significant findings: Rose bengal (a singlet-oxygen photosensitizer) induced changes to the photosynthetic apparatus and PSII photochemistry mirroring high-light-acclimated cells, suggesting that singlet-oxygen signaling plays a role in the high-light acclimation of PSII. We further suggest that this singlet-oxygen pathway is mediated outside the plastid, given that rose bengal caused no detectable damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Methyl viologen (a superoxide-anion sensitizer) induced an enhanced non-photochemical quenching response, similar to what occurs in high-light-acclimated cells. We propose that superoxide anions produced inside the plastid help regulate the high-light acclimation of photoprotective pathways.
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26
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Mackenzie SA, Mullineaux PM. Plant environmental sensing relies on specialized plastids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7155-7164. [PMID: 35994779 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation. Post-endosymbiotic evolution has led to adaptations and specializations within plastid populations that align organellar functions with different cellular properties in primary and secondary metabolism, plant growth, organ development, and environmental sensing. Here, we review the plastid biology literature in light of recent reports supporting a class of 'sensory plastids' that are specialized for stress sensing and signaling. Abundant literature indicates that epidermal and vascular parenchyma plastids display shared features of dynamic morphology, proteome composition, and plastid-nuclear interaction that facilitate environmental sensing and signaling. These findings have the potential to reshape our understanding of plastid functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
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27
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Mohapatra S, Sirhindi G, Dogra V. Seed priming with brassinolides improves growth and reinforces antioxidative defenses under normal and heat stress conditions in seedlings of Brassica juncea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13814. [PMID: 36326060 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses pose a major challenge for plant researchers to fulfill increasing food demand. Researchers are trying to generate high-yielding and stress-tolerant or resistant varieties using classical genetics and modern gene-editing tools; however, both approaches have limitations. Chemical treatments emerged as an alternative to improve yield and impart stress resilience. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of phytohormones that regulate various biological processes, including stress management. With foliar spray methods, BR treatments showed promising results but are not economically feasible. We hypothesize that priming of seeds, which requires lesser amounts of BRs, could be equally effective in promoting growth and stress tolerance. Owing to this notion, we analyzed the impact of priming seeds with selected BRs, namely, 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and 28-homobrassinolide (HBL), in Brassica juncea under normal and heat shock stress conditions. Seeds primed with BRs and grown until seedlings stage at normal conditions (20°C) were subjected to a heat shock (35°C) for a few hours, relating to what plants experience in natural conditions. Heat shock reduced the growth and biomass with an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. As anticipated, BRs treatments significantly improved the growth and physiological parameters with an enhanced antioxidant defense under both conditions. Transcriptional analyses revealed that BRs concomitantly induce growth and oxidative stress-responsive gene expression via the canonical BR-signaling pathway. Transfer of unstressed and heat-shock-treated seedlings to field conditions demonstrated the long-term effectivity of BR-priming. Our results showed seed priming with BRs could improve growth and resilience against heat shock; hence, it appears to be a viable strategy to enhance crop yields and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Mohapatra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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28
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Shimakawa G, Krieger‐Liszkay A, Roach T. ROS-derived lipid peroxidation is prevented in barley leaves during senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13769. [PMID: 36018559 PMCID: PMC9544269 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Senescence in plants enables resource recycling from senescent leaves to sink organs. Under stress, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated signalling activates senescence. However, senescence is not always associated with stress since it has a prominent role in plant development, in which the role of ROS signalling is less clear. To address this, we investigated lipid metabolism and patterns of lipid peroxidation related to signalling during sequential senescence in first-emerging barley leaves grown under natural light conditions. Leaf fatty acid compositions were dominated by linolenic acid (75% of total), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in galactolipids of thylakoid membranes, known to be highly sensitive to peroxidation. Lipid catabolism during senescence, including increased lipoxygenase activity, led to decreased levels of PUFA and increased levels of short-chain saturated fatty acids. When normalised to leaf area, only concentrations of hexanal, a product from the 13-lipoxygenase pathway, increased early upon senescence, whereas reactive electrophile species (RES) from ROS-associated lipid peroxidation, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, 4-hydroxyhexenal and acrolein, as well as β-cyclocitral derived from oxidation of β-carotene, decreased. However, relative to total chlorophyll, amounts of most RES increased at late-senescence stages, alongside increased levels of α-tocopherol, zeaxanthin and non-photochemical quenching, an energy dissipative pathway that prevents ROS production. Overall, our results indicate that lipid peroxidation derived from enzymatic oxidation occurs early during senescence in first barley leaves, while ROS-derived lipid peroxidation associates weaker with senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental SciencesKwansei‐Gakuin UniversitySandaJapan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRSUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Anja Krieger‐Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRSUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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29
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Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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30
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Li J, Wang L, Li J, Shao Y, Liu Z, Li G, Akkaya EU. Taming of Singlet Oxygen: Towards Artificial Oxygen Carriers Based on 1,4‐Dialkylnaphthalenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yujie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Ziang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Engin U. Akkaya
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical Science Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian P. R. China
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31
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Castro PH, Couto D, Santos MÂ, Freitas S, Lourenço T, Dias E, Huguet S, Marques da Silva J, Tavares RM, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 connects sumoylation and reactive oxygen species homeostasis processes in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:934-954. [PMID: 35238389 PMCID: PMC9157161 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like modifying peptide SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) has become a known modulator of the plant response to multiple environmental stimuli. A common feature of many of these external stresses is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taking into account that SUMO conjugates rapidly accumulate in response to an external oxidative stimulus, it is likely that ROS and sumoylation converge at the molecular and regulatory levels. In this study, we explored the SUMO-ROS relationship, using as a model the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) null mutant of the major SUMO-conjugation enhancer, the E3 ligase SAP AND MIZ 1 (SIZ1). We showed that SIZ1 is involved in SUMO conjugate increase when primed with both exogenous and endogenous ROS. In siz1, seedlings were sensitive to oxidative stress imposition, and mutants accumulated different ROS throughout development. We demonstrated that the deregulation in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide homeostasis, but not of singlet O2 (1O2), was partially due to SA accumulation in siz1. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis highlighted a transcriptional signature that implicated siz1 with 1O2 homeostasis. Subsequently, we observed that siz1 displayed chloroplast morphological defects and altered energy dissipation activity and established a link between the chlorophyll precursor protochlorophyllide and deregulation of PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE A (PORA), which is known to drive overproduction of 1O2. Ultimately, network analysis uncovered known and additional associations between transcriptional control of PORA and SIZ1-dependent sumoylation. Our study connects sumoylation, and specifically SIZ1, to the control of chloroplast functions and places sumoylation as a molecular mechanism involved in ROS homeostatic and signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Daniel Couto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ângelo Santos
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Sara Freitas
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Tiago Lourenço
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Eva Dias
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) and Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Department of Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Herlander Azevedo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
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32
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Lukan T, Coll A. Intertwined Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Salicylic Acid Signaling Are Crucial for the Plant Response to Biotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105568. [PMID: 35628379 PMCID: PMC9147500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest hallmarks of plant immune response is production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different subcellular compartments, which regulate plant immunity. A suitable equilibrium, which is crucial to prevent ROS overaccumulation leading to oxidative stress, is maintained by salicylic acid (SA), a chief regulator of ROS. However, ROS not only act downstream of SA signaling, but are also proposed to be a central component of a self-amplifying loop that regulates SA signaling as well as the interaction balance between different phytohormones. The exact role of this crosstalk, the position where SA interferes with ROS signaling and ROS interferes with SA signaling and the outcome of this regulation, depend on the origin of ROS but also on the pathosystem. The precise spatiotemporal regulation of organelle-specific ROS and SA levels determine the effectiveness of pathogen arrest and is therefore crucial for a successful immune response. However, the regulatory interplay behind still remains poorly understood, as up until now, the role of organelle-specific ROS and SA in hypersensitive response (HR)-conferred resistance has mostly been studied by altering the level of a single component. In order to address these aspects, a sophisticated combination of research methods for monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of key players and transcriptional activity in plants is needed and will most probably consist of biosensors and precision transcriptomics.
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33
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Szarka A, Lőrincz T, Hajdinák P. Friend or Foe: The Relativity of (Anti)oxidative Agents and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095188. [PMID: 35563576 PMCID: PMC9099968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An element, iron, a process, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a molecule, ascorbate, were chosen in our study to show their dual functions and their role in cell fate decision. Iron is a critical component of numerous proteins involved in metabolism and detoxification. On the other hand, excessive amounts of free iron in the presence of oxygen can promote the production of potentially toxic ROS. They can result in persistent oxidative stress, which in turn can lead to damage and cell death. At the same time, ROS—at strictly regulated levels—are essential to maintaining the redox homeostasis, and they are engaged in many cellular signaling pathways, so their total elimination is not expedient. Ascorbate establishes a special link between ROS generation/elimination and cell death. At low concentrations, it behaves as an excellent antioxidant and has an important role in ROS elimination. However, at high concentrations, in the presence of transition metals such as iron, it drives the generation of ROS. In the term of the dual function of these molecules and oxidative stress, ascorbate/ROS-driven cell deaths are not necessarily harmful processes—they can be live-savers too.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hajdinák
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (P.H.)
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1025-1034. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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Barczak-Brzyżek A, Brzyżek G, Koter M, Siedlecka E, Gawroński P, Filipecki M. Plastid retrograde regulation of miRNA expression in response to light stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:150. [PMID: 35346032 PMCID: PMC8962581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in the regulation of plant development and responses to the surrounding environment. Despite the efforts made to elucidate their function in the adaptation of plants to many abiotic and biotic stresses, their role in high light (HL) stress is still vague. HL stress often arises upon plant exposure to full sunlight. Subsequent changes in nuclear gene expression are triggered by chloroplast-derived retrograde signals. RESULTS In this study, we show that HL is involved in miRNA-dependent regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes. Microtranscriptomic screening revealed a limited number of miRNAs reacting to HL. To explain the miRNA regulation mechanisms at the different biogenesis stages, chemical and genetic approaches were applied. First, we tested the possible role of plastoquinone (PQ) redox changes using photosynthetic electron transport chain inhibitors. The results suggest that increased primary transcript abundance (pri-miRNAs) of HL-regulated miRNAs is dependent on signals upstream of PQ. This indicates that such signals may originate from photosystem II, which is the main singlet oxygen (1O2) source. Nevertheless, no changes in pri-miRNA expression upon a dark-light shift in the conditional fluorescent (flu) mutant producing 1O2 were observed when compared to wild-type plants. Thus, we explored the 1O2 signaling pathway, which is initiated independently in HL and is related to β-carotene oxidation and production of volatile derivatives, such as β-cyclocitral (β-CC). Pri-miRNA induction by β-CC, which is a component of this 1O2 pathway, as well as an altered response in the methylene blue sensitivity 1 (mbs1) mutant support the role of 1O2 signaling in miRNA regulation. CONCLUSIONS We show that light stress triggers changes in miRNA expression. This stress response may be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related signaling. In conclusion, our results link ROS action to miRNA biogenesis, suggesting its contribution to inconsistent pri- and mature miRNA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barczak-Brzyżek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Brzyżek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Koter
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Siedlecka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Filipecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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36
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Dogra V, Singh RM, Li M, Li M, Singh S, Kim C. EXECUTER2 modulates the EXECUTER1 signalosome through its singlet oxygen-dependent oxidation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:438-453. [PMID: 34968736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modifications of specific chloroplast proteins contribute to the initiation of retrograde signaling. The Arabidopsis thaliana EXECUTER1 (EX1) protein, a chloroplast-localized singlet oxygen (1O2) sensor, undergoes tryptophan (Trp) 643 oxidation by 1O2, a chloroplast-derived and light-dependent reactive oxygen species. The indole side chain of Trp is vulnerable to 1O2, leading to the generation of oxidized Trp variants and priming EX1 for degradation by a membrane-bound FtsH protease. The perception of 1O2 via Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis facilitate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. In this study, we discovered that the EX1-like protein EX2 also undergoes 1O2-dependent Trp530 oxidation and FtsH-dependent turnover, which attenuates 1O2 signaling by decelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 degradation. Consistent with this finding, the loss of EX2 function reinforces EX1-dependent retrograde signaling by accelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis, whereas overexpression of EX2 produces molecular phenotypes opposite to those observed in the loss-of- function mutants of EX2. Intriguingly, phylogenetic analysis suggests that EX2 may have emerged evolutionarily to attenuate the sensitivity of EX1 toward 1O2. Collectively, these results suggest that EX2 functions as a negative regulator of the EX1 signalosome through its own 1O2-dependent oxidation, providing a new mechanistic insight into the regulation of EX1-mediated 1O2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rahul Mohan Singh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengping Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Somesh Singh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Inagaki N. Processing of D1 Protein: A Mysterious Process Carried Out in Thylakoid Lumen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052520. [PMID: 35269663 PMCID: PMC8909930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, D1 protein, a core subunit of photosystem II (PSII), displays a rapid turnover in the light, in which D1 proteins are distinctively damaged and immediately removed from the PSII. In parallel, as a repair process, D1 proteins are synthesized and simultaneously assembled into the PSII. On this flow, the D1 protein is synthesized as a precursor with a carboxyl-terminal extension, and the D1 processing is defined as a step for proteolytic removal of the extension by a specific protease, CtpA. The D1 processing plays a crucial role in appearance of water-oxidizing capacity of PSII, because the main chain carboxyl group at carboxyl-terminus of the D1 protein, exposed by the D1 processing, ligates a manganese and a calcium atom in the Mn4CaO5-cluster, a special equipment for water-oxidizing chemistry of PSII. This review focuses on the D1 processing and discusses it from four angles: (i) Discovery of the D1 processing and recognition of its importance: (ii) Enzyme involved in the D1 processing: (iii) Efforts for understanding significance of the D1 processing: (iv) Remaining mysteries in the D1 processing. Through the review, I summarize the current status of our knowledge on and around the D1 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Inagaki
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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38
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Ludačka P, Kubát P, Bosáková Z, Mosinger J. Antibacterial Nanoparticles with Natural Photosensitizers Extracted from Spinach Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1505-1513. [PMID: 35036813 PMCID: PMC8756605 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We prepared antibacterial polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) with natural photosensitizers from chlorophyll (Chl) extract via a simple nanoprecipitation method using the same solvent for dissolution of the polystyrene matrix and extraction of Chls from spinach leaves. A high photo-oxidation and antibacterial effect was demonstrated on Escherichia coli and was based on the photogeneration of singlet oxygen O2(1Δg), which was directly monitored by NIR luminescence measurements and indirectly verified using a chemical trap. The photoactivity of NPs was triggered by visible light, with enhanced red absorption by Chls. To reduce the quenching effect of carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, etc.) in the Chl extract, diluted and/or preirradiated samples, in which the photo-oxidized carotenoids lose their quenching effect, were used for preparation of the NPs. For enhanced photo-oxidation and antibacterial effects, a sulfonated polystyrene matrix was used for preparation of a stable dispersion of sulfonated NPs, with the quenching effect of carotenoids being suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ludačka
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, v.v.i.,
Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosáková
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mosinger
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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39
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Li M, Kim C. Chloroplast ROS and stress signaling. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100264. [PMID: 35059631 PMCID: PMC8760138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under unfavorable environmental conditions, and these ROS are implicated in both signaling and oxidative damage. There is mounting evidence for their roles in translating environmental fluctuations into distinct physiological responses, but their targets, signaling cascades, and mutualism and antagonism with other stress signaling cascades and within ROS signaling remain poorly understood. Great efforts made in recent years have shed new light on chloroplast ROS-directed plant stress responses, from ROS perception to plant responses, in conditional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana or under various stress conditions. Some articles have also reported the mechanisms underlying the complexity of ROS signaling pathways, with an emphasis on spatiotemporal regulation. ROS and oxidative modification of affected target proteins appear to induce retrograde signaling pathways to maintain chloroplast protein quality control and signaling at a whole-cell level using stress hormones. This review focuses on these seemingly interconnected chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathways initiated by ROS and ROS-modified target molecules. We also discuss future directions in chloroplast stress research to pave the way for discovering new signaling molecules and identifying intersectional signaling components that interact in multiple chloroplast signaling pathways.
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40
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Liu Z, Wu H, Li J, Wang L, Akkaya EU. Naphthalene Endoperoxide Heterodimer Designed for Sustained Singlet Oxygen Release. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26799-26804. [PMID: 34661034 PMCID: PMC8515818 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene endoperoxides undergo thermal cycloreversion reactions to produce singlet oxygen and their parent naphthalene compounds. The rate of the reaction is dependent on the structural features, such as steric and electronic modulators. We believe that achieving a sustained release rate of singlet oxygen is important in potential biological applications. This can be achieved by tethering of two endoperoxides with different singlet oxygen release rates in a single molecular construct. Here, we report the synthesis of such a dimeric endoperoxide. Our data shows that with the biexponential reaction kinetics of singlet oxygen generation from a heterodimeric endoperoxide, it is possible to hold singlet oxygen release rates within a selected range for a longer period of time.
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41
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Moskalensky AE, Karogodina TY, Vorobev AY, Sokolovski SG. Singlet oxygen luminescence detector based on low-cost InGaAs avalanche photodiode. HARDWAREX 2021; 10:e00224. [PMID: 35607681 PMCID: PMC9123435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen excited to singlet state (Singlet oxygen, 1O2) becomes highly reactive and cytotoxic chemical. 1O2 is commonly generated by photoexcitation of dyes (photosensitizers), including the photodynamic therapy and diagnostics of cancer. However, the formation of singlet oxygen is often unwanted for various light-sensitive compounds, e.g. it causes the photobleaching of fluorescent probes. In either case, during a development of new photosensitive chemicals and drugs there is a need to evaluate the amount of 1O2 formed during photoexcitation. The direct approach in measuring the amount of singlet oxygen is based on the detection of its luminescence at 1270 nm. However, this luminescence is usually weak, which implies the use of highly sensitive single-photon detectors. Thus the existing instruments are commonly complicated and expensive. Here we suggest an approach and report a device to measure the 1O2 luminescence using low-cost InGaAs avalanche photodiode and simple electronics. The measurements can be performed in stationary (not time-resolved) mode in organic solvents such as tetrachloromethane (CCl4), ethanol and DMSO. In particular, we performed spectral-resolved measurements of the singlet oxygen luminescence in CCl4 with the device and demonstrated high complementarity to literature data. The simple setup allows to evaluate the efficiency (or speed) of singlet oxygen generation and hence facilitates the development and characterization of new photosensitizers and other photosensitive chemicals.
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42
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Alamdari K, Fisher KE, Tano DW, Rai S, Palos K, Nelson ADL, Woodson JD. Chloroplast quality control pathways are dependent on plastid DNA synthesis and nucleotides provided by cytidine triphosphate synthase two. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1431-1448. [PMID: 33993494 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in chloroplasts cause oxidative damage, but also signal to initiate chloroplast quality control pathways, cell death, and gene expression. The Arabidopsis thaliana plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2) mutant produces the ROS singlet oxygen in chloroplasts that activates such signaling pathways, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we characterize one fc2 suppressor mutation and map it to CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE TWO (CTPS2), which encodes one of five enzymes in Arabidopsis necessary for de novo cytoplasmic CTP (and dCTP) synthesis. The ctps2 mutation reduces chloroplast transcripts and DNA content without similarly affecting mitochondria. Chloroplast nucleic acid content and singlet oxygen signaling are restored by exogenous feeding of the dCTP precursor deoxycytidine, suggesting ctps2 blocks signaling by limiting nucleotides for chloroplast genome maintenance. An investigation of CTPS orthologs in Brassicaceae showed CTPS2 is a member of an ancient lineage distinct from CTPS3. Complementation studies confirmed this analysis; CTPS3 was unable to compensate for CTPS2 function in providing nucleotides for chloroplast DNA and signaling. Our studies link cytoplasmic nucleotide metabolism with chloroplast quality control pathways. Such a connection is achieved by a conserved clade of CTPS enzymes that provide nucleotides for chloroplast function, thereby allowing stress signaling to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Alamdari
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Karen E Fisher
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David W Tano
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Snigdha Rai
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kyle Palos
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Jesse D Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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43
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Lemke MD, Fisher KE, Kozlowska MA, Tano DW, Woodson JD. The core autophagy machinery is not required for chloroplast singlet oxygen-mediated cell death in the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid ferrochelatase two mutant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:342. [PMID: 34281507 PMCID: PMC8290626 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplasts respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have specific signaling abilities. The ROS singlet oxygen (1O2) is unique in that it can signal to initiate cellular degradation including the selective degradation of damaged chloroplasts. This chloroplast quality control pathway can be monitored in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2) that conditionally accumulates chloroplast 1O2 under diurnal light cycling conditions leading to rapid chloroplast degradation and eventual cell death. The cellular machinery involved in such degradation, however, remains unknown. Recently, it was demonstrated that whole damaged chloroplasts can be transported to the central vacuole via a process requiring autophagosomes and core components of the autophagy machinery. The relationship between this process, referred to as chlorophagy, and the degradation of 1O2-stressed chloroplasts and cells has remained unexplored. RESULTS To further understand 1O2-induced cellular degradation and determine what role autophagy may play, the expression of autophagy-related genes was monitored in 1O2-stressed fc2 seedlings and found to be induced. Although autophagosomes were present in fc2 cells, they did not associate with chloroplasts during 1O2 stress. Mutations affecting the core autophagy machinery (atg5, atg7, and atg10) were unable to suppress 1O2-induced cell death or chloroplast protrusion into the central vacuole, suggesting autophagosome formation is dispensable for such 1O2-mediated cellular degradation. However, both atg5 and atg7 led to specific defects in chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic efficiencies, suggesting core autophagy machinery is involved in protecting chloroplasts from photo-oxidative damage. Finally, genes predicted to be involved in microautophagy were shown to be induced in stressed fc2 seedlings, indicating a possible role for an alternate form of autophagy in the dismantling of 1O2-damaged chloroplasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that 1O2-dependent cell death is independent from autophagosome formation, canonical autophagy, and chlorophagy. Furthermore, autophagosome-independent microautophagy may be involved in degrading 1O2-damaged chloroplasts. At the same time, canonical autophagy may still play a role in protecting chloroplasts from 1O2-induced photo-oxidative stress. Together, this suggests chloroplast function and degradation is a complex process utilizing multiple autophagy and degradation machineries, possibly depending on the type of stress or damage incurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Lemke
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
| | - Karen E. Fisher
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
| | - Marta A. Kozlowska
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
| | - David W. Tano
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
| | - Jesse D. Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
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44
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Voss LJ, Plouviez M, Whittle N. Microalgae-based photosynthetic strategy for oxygenating avascularised mouse brain tissue - An in vitro proof of concept study. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147585. [PMID: 34289380 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic brain injury is a leading cause of loss of quality of life globally for which there are currently no effective treatments. There has been increasing interest in incorporating photosynthesising agents into hypoxic tissue as a mechanism for in situ oxygen delivery, independent of vascular perfusion. To date this has not been tested in the brain. The oxygen production capacity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgal cultures was measured in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in benchtop assays and in cortical slices in situ. Cortical slice function was quantified by measuring the length, frequency and amplitude of seizure-like event (SLE) activity - in conventionally oxygenated aCSF, C. reinhardtii cultures, unoxygenated and deoxygenated aCSF. The possibility of direct toxic algal effects was investigated by exposing slices to cultures for 5 h. An oxygen level of 25 mg.L-1 was achieved with C. reinhardtii in no-Mg aCSF. Slice SLE function was preserved in C. reinhardtii, without the need for supplemental oxygen. In contrast, functional parameters deteriorated in unoxygenated and deoxygenated aCSF. In the former, there was a 66% reduction in SLE frequency and a 37% reduction in event amplitude. In the latter, SLE activity ceased completely. No toxic algae effects were seen in slices exposed to cultures for 5 h. These results confirm that C. reinhardtii oxygenation of aCSF can sustain cortical network activity - without tissue toxicity for the normal lifespan of an acute cortical slice. This study shows promise for the concept of photosynthesis as a mechanism for providing oxygen to rescue ischaemic avascularised brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan J Voss
- Anaesthesia Department, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Maxence Plouviez
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Whittle
- Anaesthesia Department, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
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45
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Ximenes VF, Ximenes TP, Morgon NH, de Souza AR. Taurine Chloramine and Hydrogen Peroxide as a Potential Source of Singlet Oxygen for Topical Application. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:963-970. [PMID: 33657673 DOI: 10.1111/php.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is the "active principle" in photodynamic therapy. Taurine chloramine (Tau-NHCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are well-tolerated and widely used antiseptics. Due to its mild oxidizing features and stability, Tau-NHCl can be directly used to treat skin diseases. We found that a diluted aqueous mixture of Tau-NHCl and H2 O2 acts as a slow and long-lasting potential source of 1 O2 . The reactions were studied by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Evidence of the formation of 1 O2 was obtained using deuterium oxide, sodium azide and 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid, a chemical trap of 1 O2 . The reaction was optimized, and a mechanism was proposed, including theoretical calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory, adding D3Bj empirical dispersion and SMD (Water) solvent effects. Chloramines produced by the reactions between HOCl and L-alanine, 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid were also prepared, and their reactivity and stability were compared with Tau-NHCl. We found that Tau-NHCl is more stable and adequate for the production of 1 O2 . In conclusion, we propose applying these drugs combination as a potential source of 1 O2 with applications for skin diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdecir F Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomaz P Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson H Morgon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo R de Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Matilla AJ. Cellular oxidative stress in programmed cell death: focusing on chloroplastic 1O 2 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:179-194. [PMID: 33569718 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death (PCD) occurs when the targeted cells have fulfilled their task or under conditions as oxidative stress generated by ROS species. Thus, plants have to deal with the singlet oxygen 1O2 produced in chloroplasts. 1O2 is unlikely to act as a primary retrograde signal owing to its high reactivity and short half-life. In addition to its high toxicity, the 1O2 generated under an excess or low excitation energy might also act as a highly versatile signal triggering chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling (ChNRS) and nuclear reprogramming or cell death. Molecular and biochemical studies with the flu mutant, which accumulates protochlorophyllide in the dark, demonstrated that chloroplastic 1O2-driven EXECUTER-1 (EX1) and EX2 proteins are involved in the 1O2-dependent response. Both EX1 and EX2 are necessary for full suppression of 1O2-induced gene expression. That is, EXECUTER proteolysis via the ATP-dependent zinc protease (FtsH) is an integral part of 1O2-triggered retrograde signaling. The existence of at least two independent ChNRS involving EX1 and β-cyclocitral, and dihydroactinidiolide and OXI1, respectively, seem clear. Besides, this update also focuses on plant PCD and its relation with mitochondrial cytochrome-c (Cytc) release to cytosol. Changes in the dynamics and morphology of mitochondria were shown during the onset of cell death. The mitochondrial damage and translocation of Cytc may be one of the major causes of PCD triggering. Together, this current overview illustrates the complexity of the cellular response to oxidative stress development. A puzzle with the majority of its pieces still not placed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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León J, Gayubas B, Castillo MC. Valine-Glutamine Proteins in Plant Responses to Oxygen and Nitric Oxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:632678. [PMID: 33603762 PMCID: PMC7884903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.632678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multigene families coding for valine-glutamine (VQ) proteins have been identified in all kind of plants but chlorophytes. VQ proteins are transcriptional regulators, which often interact with WRKY transcription factors to regulate gene expression sometimes modulated by reversible phosphorylation. Different VQ-WRKY complexes regulate defense against varied pathogens as well as responses to osmotic stress and extreme temperatures. However, despite these well-known functions, new regulatory activities for VQ proteins are still to be explored. Searching public Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome data for new potential targets of VQ-WRKY regulation allowed us identifying several VQ protein and WRKY factor encoding genes that were differentially expressed in oxygen-related processes such as responses to hypoxia or ozone-triggered oxidative stress. Moreover, some of those were also differentially regulated upon nitric oxide (NO) treatment. These subsets of VQ and WRKY proteins might combine into different VQ-WRKY complexes, thus representing a potential regulatory core of NO-modulated and O2-modulated responses. Given the increasing relevance that gasotransmitters are gaining as plant physiology regulators, and particularly considering the key roles exerted by O2 and NO in regulating the N-degron pathway-controlled stability of transcription factors, VQ and WRKY proteins could be instrumental in regulating manifold processes in plants.
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48
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D'Alessandro S, Beaugelin I, Havaux M. Tanned or Sunburned: How Excessive Light Triggers Plant Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1545-1555. [PMID: 32992028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis (excessive light) mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors, which lower CO2 fixation and reduce light energy sinks. Under excessive light, the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules, hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant leaves. We highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation, their detoxification, and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death pathways. Finally, we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D'Alessandro
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, BIAM, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Inès Beaugelin
- Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE), School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, BIAM, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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49
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Li B, Fang J, Singh RM, Zi H, Lv S, Liu R, Dogra V, Kim C. FATTY ACID DESATURASE5 Is Required to Induce Autoimmune Responses in Gigantic Chloroplast Mutants of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3240-3255. [PMID: 32796124 PMCID: PMC7534476 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts mediate genetically controlled cell death via chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. To decipher the mechanism, we examined chloroplast-linked lesion-mimic mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) deficient in plastid division, thereby developing gigantic chloroplasts (GCs). These GC mutants, including crumpled leaf (crl), constitutively express immune-related genes and show light-dependent localized cell death (LCD), mirroring typical autoimmune responses. Our reverse genetic approach excludes any potential role of immune/stress hormones in triggering LCD. Instead, transcriptome and in silico analyses suggest that reactive electrophile species (RES) generated via oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or lipid peroxidation-driven signaling may induce LCD. Consistent with these results, the one of the suppressors of crl, dubbed spcrl4, contains a causative mutation in the nuclear gene encoding chloroplast-localized FATTY ACID DESATURASE5 (FAD5) that catalyzes the conversion of palmitic acid (16:0) to palmitoleic acid (16:1). The loss of FAD5 in the crl mutant might attenuate the levels of RES and/or lipid peroxidation due to the reduced levels of palmitic acid-driven PUFAs, which are prime targets of reactive oxygen species. The fact that fad5 also compromises the expression of immune-related genes and the development of LCD in other GC mutants substantiates the presence of an intrinsic retrograde signaling pathway, priming the autoimmune responses in a FAD5-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rahul Mohan Singh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hailing Zi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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50
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080681. [PMID: 32751256 PMCID: PMC7465626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.
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