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Chang J, Li J, Li J, Chen X, Jiao J, Li J, Song Z, Zhang B. The GA and ABA signaling is required for hydrogen-mediated seed germination in wax gourd. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:542. [PMID: 38872107 PMCID: PMC11177465 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen gas (H2), a novel and beneficial gaseous molecule, plays a significant role in plant growth and development processes. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is regarded as a safe and easily available way to study the physiological effects of H2 on plants. Several recent research has shown that HRW attenuates stress-induced seed germination inhibition; however, the underlying modes of HRW on seed germination remain obscure under non-stress condition. RESULTS In this current study, we investigated the possible roles of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in HRW-regulated seed germination in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) through pharmacological, physiological, and transcriptome approaches. The results showed that HRW application at an optimal dose (50% HRW) significantly promoted seed germination and shortened the average germination time (AGT). Subsequent results suggested that 50% HRW treatment stimulated GA production by regulating GA biosynthesis genes (BhiGA3ox, BhiGA2ox, and BhiKAO), whereas it had no effect on the content of ABA and the expression of its biosynthesis (BhiNCED6) and catabolism genes (BhiCYP707A2) but decreased the expression of ABA receptor gene (BhiPYL). In addition, inhibition of GA production by paclobutrazol (PAC) could block the HRW-mediated germination. Treatment with ABA could hinder HRW-mediated seed germination and the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate (ST) could recover the function of HRW. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that, in the presence of GA or ABA, an abundance of genes involved in GA, ABA, and ethylene signal sensing and transduction might involve in HRW-regulated germination. CONCLUSIONS This study portrays insights into the mechanism of HRW-mediated seed germination, suggesting that HRW can regulate the balance between GA and ABA to mediate seed germination through ethylene signals in wax gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiabin Jiao
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhao Song
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Saeed A, Kauser S, Hussain A, Siddiqui NJ, Abidi SHI, Syed Q, Nadeem AA. Tracking the Variations in Trace Elements, Some Nutrients, Phenolics, and Anthocyanins in Grewia asiatica L. (Phalsa) at Different Fruit Development Stages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1784-1801. [PMID: 37464170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Grewia asiatica L. (phalsa) is a very prevalent berry in Pakistan and is consumed extensively as raw or in the form of juice. Here, for the first time, we assessed phalsa from Pakistan in terms of variations in macro and micro minerals, nutrients, and bio-active phyto-constituents including total phenolic and anthocyanin contents at different fruit developmental stages. It was found that the sugars in phalsa increased from D1 (small at the initial fruit setting stage) to D6 development stage (fully ripened fruit) where sugars at D5 (near to fully ripe) and D6 stages were many times greater than at D1, D2 (unripe close to full-size completion), D3 (close to semi ripe), and D4 stage (semi ripened and full-size attainment). Total acidity of was declined in all developmental stages, where the D1 stage displayed maximum and D6 with the lowest acidity. Ascorbic acid was decreased from D1 to D2 and then increased gradually from D3 to D5 stages. At the D6 stage, again a steep decline in ascorbic acid was observed. The total phenolics (mg gallic acid equivalents/100g) at stage D6 were higher (136.02 ± 1.17), whereas D1 being the lowermost in total phenolic content (79.89 ± 1.72). For anthocyanins (mg/100g), an increasing pattern of changes was observed in all stages of phalsa fruit where the D1 stage showed lower (13.97 ± 4.84) anthocyanin contents which then increased gradually at stage D2 (67.79 ± 6.73), but increased sharply at D3 (199.66 ± 4.90), D4 (211.02 ± 18.85), D5 (328.41 ±14.96) and D6 (532.30 ± 8.51) stages. A total of four anthocyanins such as cyanidin, delphidine-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, and malvidin in phalsa were identified using HPLC procedures, and a significant > 90 % DPPH inhibition in phalsa was observed at the D5 and D6 development stages. The macro and micro minerals including Ni, Zn, Fe, Ca, Cu, Mg, Na, P, and K contents were decreased from initial (D1) stage to the final (D6) development stage, while only Fe displayed an increasing trend from the initial to final fruit development stages (D1-D6). Conclusively, these findings could be of great interest for patients who are intended to consume phalsa as adjuvant therapy against diabetes and metabolic syndromes and other diseases involving reactive oxygen species with minimum metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saeed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Kauser
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Adil Hussain
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Nida Jamil Siddiqui
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Imam Abidi
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Head Office, 1 Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Abad Ali Nadeem
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan
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Jiao Y, Zhang S, Jin H, Wang Y, Jia Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Liao W, Chen LS, Guo J. Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280495. [PMID: 38098794 PMCID: PMC10720443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Citrus fruit is considered a superfood due to its multiple nutritional functions and health benefits. Quantitative analysis of the numerous quality characteristics of citrus fruit is required to promote its sustainable production and industrial utilization. However, little information is available on the comprehensive quality assessment of various fruit quality indicators in different citrus cultivars. Methods A total of nine different fresh citrus fruits containing seeds were collected as the experimental materials. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the morphological and juice properties of citrus fruits, (ii) to measure the mineral elements in the peel, pulp, and seeds, and (iii) to evaluate the fruit quality index (FQI) using the integrated quality index (IQI) and the Nemoro quality index (NQI) methods. Results There were significant differences in fruit quality characteristics, including morphological, mineral, and juice quality, among the investigated citrus cultivars. The proportion of pulp biomass was the highest, followed by that of peel and seeds. N and Cu had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, among the measured elements across all citrus fruits, and the amounts of N, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn in seeds, K and Al in pulp, and Ca, Fe, and Mn in peel were the highest, dramatically affecting the accumulation of minerals in the whole fruit and their distribution in various fruit parts. Additionally, Ningmeng fruits had the highest vitamin C and titratable acidity (TA) but the lowest total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolic (TP) contents, resulting in the lowest TSS/TA and pH values. In contrast, Jinju fruits had the highest TSS and TP contents. Based on the mineral element and juice quality parameters, principal component analysis showed that the citrus fruits were well separated into four groups, and the dendrogram also showed four clusters with different distances. The FQI range based on the IQI method (FQIIQI) and NQI method (FQINQI) was 0.382-0.590 and 0.106-0.245, respectively, and a positive relationship between FQIIQI and FQINQI was observed. Conclusion Our results highlight the great differences in mineral and juice characteristics among fruit parts, which mediated fruit quality. The strategy of fruit quality assessment using the FQI can be expanded for targeted utilization in the citrus industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Jiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuozhen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haitao Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Forestry Science and Technology Test Center of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liao
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Bozdar B, Chachar S, Rai M, Li J, Li Y, Hayat F, Chachar Z, Tu P. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285512. [PMID: 37941670 PMCID: PMC10628537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is pivotal for the vitality, yield, and quality of horticultural crops. Central to plant physiology, Mg2+ powers photosynthesis as an integral component of chlorophyll, bolstering growth and biomass accumulation. Beyond basic growth, it critically affects crop quality factors, from chlorophyll synthesis to taste, texture, and shelf life. However, Mg2 + deficiency can cripple yields and impede plant development. Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) orchestrate Mg2+ dynamics, with notable variations observed in horticultural species such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, Mg2+ is key in fortifying plants against environmental stressors and diseases by reinforcing cell walls and spurring the synthesis of defense substances. A burgeoning area of research is the application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), which, owing to their nanoscale size and high reactivity, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance plant growth and stress resilience. Concurrently, modern breeding techniques provide insights into Mg2+ dynamics to develop crops with improved Mg2+ efficiency and resilience to deficiency. Effective Mg2+ management through soil tests, balanced fertilization, and pH adjustments holds promise for maximizing crop health, productivity, and sustainability. This review unravels the nuanced intricacies of Mg2+ in plant physiology and genetics, and its interplay with external factors, serving as a cornerstone for those keen on harnessing its potential for horticultural excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mehtab Rai
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Peng Y, Chen Q, Guan CY, Yang X, Jiang X, Wei M, Tan J, Li X. Metal oxide modified biochars for fertile soil management: Effects on soil phosphorus transformation, enzyme activity, microbe community, and plant growth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116258. [PMID: 37268201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide modified biochars are increasingly being used for intensive agricultural soil remediation, but there has been limited research on their effects on soil phosphorus transformation, soil enzyme activity, microbe community and plant growth. Two highly-performance metal oxides biochars (FeAl-biochar and MgAl-biochar) were investigated for their effects on soil phosphorus availability, fractions, enzyme activity, microbe community and plant growth in two typical intensive fertile agricultural soils. Adding raw biochar to acidic soil increased NH4Cl-P content, while metal oxide biochar reduced NH4Cl-P content by binding to phosphorus. Original biochar slightly reduced Al-P content in lateritic red soil, while metal oxide biochar increased it. LBC and FBC significantly reduced Ca2-P and Ca8-P properties while improving Al-P and Fe-P, respectively. Inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria increased in abundance with biochar amendment in both soil types, and biochar addition affected soil pH and phosphorus fractions, leading to changes in bacterial growth and community structure. Biochar's microporous structure allowed it to adsorb phosphorus and aluminum ions, making them more available for plants and reducing leaching. In calcareous soils, biochar additions may dominantly increase the Ca (hydro)oxides bounded P or soluble P instead of Fe-P or Al-P through biotic pathways, favoring plant growth. The recommendations for using metal oxides biochar for fertile soil management include using LBC biochar for optimal performance in both P leaching reduction and plant growth promotion, with the mechanisms differing depending on soil type. This research highlights the potential of metal oxide modified biochars for improving soil fertility and reducing phosphorus leaching, with specific recommendations for their use in different soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, 260, Taiwan
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Mi Wei
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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Deng N, Zhu H, Xiong J, Gong S, Xie K, Shang Q, Yang X. Magnesium deficiency stress in rice can be alleviated by partial nitrate nutrition supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:463-471. [PMID: 36758293 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The problem of nitrogen (N) excess and magnesium (Mg) deficiency in farmland is becoming more common, severe, and widespread in southern China. Magnesium is known to be an essential nutrient for higher plants; however, the physiological responses of field crops to Mg deficiency, particularly to its interaction with N forms, remain largely unknown. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted using three Mg levels (0.01, 1.00, and 5.00 mM) and three nitrate/ammonium ratios (NO3-/NH4+ of 0/100, 25/75, and 50/50) under greenhouse conditions. The results show that Mg deficiency (0.01 mM) could result in yellow leaves, dwarf plants, and fewer tillers during rice growth. Furthermore, Mg deficiency induced a major reduction in root morphology and activity, photosynthetic properties, and nutrient accumulation, while it resulted in a clear increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities in rice. However, under Mg-deficiency stress, the supply of partial NO3- led to a significant drop in these antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, partial NO3- supply significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentrations under Mg-deficiency conditions. In particular, the supply of partial NO3- dramatically promoted the growth of the root system, boosted the occurrence of lateral roots, and enhanced root vitality under Mg-deficiency stress. Additionally, the supply of partial NO3- led to significant increases in dry weight and N and Mg contents under Mg deficiency. The results of this study suggest that the symptoms of Mg-deficiency stress in rice can be alleviated by partial NO3- supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Deng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jiangbo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Shidao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Kailiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Qingyin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Xiuxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Tian G, Liu C, Xu X, Xing Y, Liu J, Lyu M, Feng Z, Zhang X, Qin H, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Ge S. Effects of Magnesium on nitrate uptake and sorbitol synthesis and translocation in apple seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:139-151. [PMID: 36706693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Both magnesium (Mg) and nitrogen (N) play many important roles in plant physiological and biochemical processes. Plants usually exhibit low nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) under Mg deficiency conditions, but the mechanisms by which Mg regulates NUE are not well understood. Herein, we investigated biomass, nutrient uptake, sorbitol and sucrose transport, and relative gene expression in apple seedlings under various concentrations of Mg and N treatments in hydroponic cultures. We first observed that low Mg supply significantly limited plant growth and N, Mg concentrations. Increasing the supply of N, but not Mg, partially alleviated the inhibition of plant growth under low Mg stress, which indicated that Mg deficiency had a negative impact on plant growth because it inhibits N absorption. Moreover, we found that the expression of nitrate transporter genes MdNRT2.1 and MdNRT2.4 was significantly downregulated by low Mg stress, and sufficient Mg significantly promoted sucrose and sorbitol synthesis and transport from leaves to roots by regulating relevant enzyme activity and genes expression. Further experiments showed that exogenous sorbitol could rapidly restore MdNRT2.1/2.4 expression and nitrate uptake under low Mg availability without increasing internal Mg level, suggesting that Mg may regulate MdNRT2.1/2.4 expression by regulating more sorbitol transport to roots, the effect of Mg on N was indirect, sorbitol played a key role during this process. Taken together, Mg promoted sorbitol synthesis and transport into roots, thus upregulating the expression of MdNRT2.1/2.4 and increasing the absorption of nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxue Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ziquan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hanhan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Tian G, Qin H, Liu C, Xing Y, Feng Z, Xu X, Liu J, Lyu M, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Ge S. Magnesium improved fruit quality by regulating photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in 'Red Fuji' apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136179. [PMID: 36909439 PMCID: PMC9995890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) play important roles in biochemical and physiological processes in plants. However, the application of excessive N and insufficient Mg may be the factor leading to low nitrogen utilization rate (NUE) and fruit quality degradation in apple production. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the effects of different application rates of Mg (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg/ha) on the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), the accumulation and distribution of carbon (C), N metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit quality of the 'Red Fuji' apple in 2018 and 2019. RESULTS The results showed that the application of Mg significantly increased the 15NUE and increased the allocation rate of 15N in the leaves whereas the 15N allocation rate in the perennial organs and fruits was decreased. With the increase in Mg supply, the activities of N metabolism enzymes (NiR, GS, and GOGAT) were significantly promoted and the content of intermediate products in N metabolism ( NO 2 - , NH 4 + , and free amino acid) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, an appropriate rate of Mg significantly promoted the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), enhanced the enzyme activities of C metabolism (SS, SPS, S6PDH), and increased the contents of sorbitol and sucrose in leaves. In addition, Mg upregulated the gene expression of sugar transporters (MdSOT1, MdSOT3, MdSUT1, and MdSUT4) in fruit stalk and fruit fresh; 13C isotope tracer technology also showed that Mg significantly increased the 13C allocation in the fruits. Mg also significantly increased the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (MdCHS and MdF3H) and transcription factors (MdMYB1 and MdbZIP44) and the content of anthocyanin in apple peel. CONCLUSION The comprehensive analysis showed that the appropriate application of Mg (150 kg/ha) promoted PNUE, C-N metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhanling Zhu
- *Correspondence: Zhanling Zhu, ; Yuanmao Jiang, ; Shunfeng Ge,
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- *Correspondence: Zhanling Zhu, ; Yuanmao Jiang, ; Shunfeng Ge,
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- *Correspondence: Zhanling Zhu, ; Yuanmao Jiang, ; Shunfeng Ge,
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Li J, Muneer MA, Sun A, Guo Q, Wang Y, Huang Z, Li W, Zheng C. Magnesium application improves the morphology, nutrients uptake, photosynthetic traits, and quality of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) under cold stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078128. [PMID: 36844047 PMCID: PMC9948613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major constraints limiting the productivity of many important crops, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production and quality worldwide. However, the role of magnesium (Mg) nutrition in plants has been frequently overlooked, especially under cold stress, and Mg deficiency adversely affects plant growth and development. Here, we evaluated the influence of Mg under cold stress on tobacco morphology, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic and quality attributes. The tobacco plants were grown under different levels of cold stress, i.e., 8°C, 12°C, 16°C, including with a controlled temperature of 25°C, and evaluated their effects with Mg (+Mg) and without Mg (-Mg) application. Cold stress resulted in reduced plant growth. However, the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight. Similarly, the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to -Mg. Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents (Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with -Mg treatment. Meanwhile, Mg application also improved the quality of tobacco, including starch and sucrose contents, on an average of 18.3% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to -Mg. The principal component analysis revealed that tobacco performance was optimum under +Mg treatment at 16°C. This study confirms that Mg application alleviates cold stress and substantially improves tobacco morphological indices, nutrient absorption, photosynthetic traits, and quality attributes. In short, the current findings suggest that Mg application may alleviate cold stress and improve tobacco growth and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Guo
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement/Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaoyuan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Sprayed microcapsules of minerals for fortified food. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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11
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da Silva TA, Crusciol CAC, Batista TB, Bossolani JW, de Oliveira GRF, Basso DP, de Almeida Carmeis Filho AC, Bravo JP, da Silva EAA. Liming enhances longevity of wheat seeds produced in acid soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18035. [PMID: 36302923 PMCID: PMC9613768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment where plants grow, such as acidic soils, interferes with the nutrient concentration and physiological quality of seeds. This hypothesis was tested using wheat seeds as a model crop, grown in a tropical soil with and without lime application for twelve years. Here we show that lime provides remarkable enhancements in soil chemistry and seed composition, without altering the seed's germination and vigor. Also, it favors the production of seeds with additional molecular mechanisms that extend their longevity. Our results indicate that the application of lime mitigates acidity in tropical soils and ensures the production of seeds with enhanced chemical composition and longer life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Alexandre da Silva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Thiago Barbosa Batista
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - João William Bossolani
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roberto Fonseca de Oliveira
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Denise Puntel Basso
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos de Almeida Carmeis Filho
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Bravo
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
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12
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Peng Y, Zhang B, Guan CY, Jiang X, Tan J, Li X. Identifying biotic and abiotic processes of reversing biochar-induced soil phosphorus leaching through biochar modification with MgAl layered (hydr)oxides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157037. [PMID: 35777556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) as a increasing widely adopted soil amendments showed potential threat to soil P leaching, but the relevant mechanisms were not clear enough and relevant strategy should be proposed to address the P leaching induced by BC application. In this study, effects of ordinary corn straw BC, and a fabricated Mg/Al-LDHs modified biochar (LBC) on soil P availability, adsorption, fraction and mobility were compared and investigated by conducting the column and incubation experiments at biochar to soil rate of 1 %, 2 % and 4 % (w/w). Chemical sequential extraction methods and various solid-state method (i.e., three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES)) were utilized to give deep insights into the P mobilization and immobilization mechanisms by respectively applying the BC and LBC. Results of incubation experiments showed that applying the LBC reduced the labile P with significant CaP transformation to Al-retained P, while ordinary BC promoted the Fe/Al-P transformation to labile dibasic calcium phosphate and monobasic calcium phosphate evidenced by the EEM analysis, in-situ XANES investigation and chemical sequential extraction methods. Results of phosphatase and microbial analyses indicated that the decreased labile P after 30 days' incubation and the mitigated P leaching in LBC treatment were dominantly ascribed to abiotic processes of inorganic P transformation and (de)sorption. This research gave deep insights into abiotic and biotic processes of ordinary biochar promoting soil P leaching, and important implications for applying engineered biochar in reducing P leaching and improving soil productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Baige Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China; Modern Agricultural Innovation Center, Henan Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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13
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Transcriptome Dynamics Underlying Magnesium Deficiency Stress in Three Founding Saccharum Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179681. [PMID: 36077076 PMCID: PMC9456333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern sugarcane cultivars were generated through interspecific crossing of the stress resistance Saccharum spontaneum and the high sugar content Saccharum officinarum which was domesticated from Saccharum robustum. Magnesium deficiency (MGD) is particularly prominent in tropical and subtropical regions where sugarcane is grown, but the response mechanism to MGD in sugarcane remains unknown. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of the three founding Saccharum species under different magnesium (Mg) levels was performed. Our result showed that MGD decreased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of three Saccharum species but led to increased starch in leaves and lignin content in roots of Saccharum robustum and Saccharum spontaneum. We identified 12,129, 11,306 and 12,178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum robustum and Saccharum spontaneum, respectively. In Saccharum officinarum, MGD affected signal transduction by up-regulating the expression of xylan biosynthesis process-related genes. Saccharum robustum, responded to the MGD by regulating the expression of transcription and detoxification process-related genes. Saccharum spontaneum, avoids damage from MGD by regulating the expression of the signing transduction process and the transformation from growth and development to reproductive development. This novel repertoire of candidate genes related to MGD response in sugarcane will be helpful for engineering MGD tolerant varieties.
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Chen X, Yan X, Muneer MA, Weng X, Cai Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang W, Yang W, Wu L, Zhou S, Zhang F. Pomelo Green Production on Acidic Soil: Reduce Traditional Fertilizers, but Do Not Ignore Magnesium. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.948810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orchards in acid soils are at risk of magnesium (Mg) deficiency which negatively affects the plant growth, yield, and quality. However, the impacts of Mg supplementation on fruit yield, quality, and environmental and economic benefits have only been rarely addressed. We conducted 15 pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) orchard trials in South China to assess more efficient integrated nutrient management (INM) practices, including local farmer fertilization practices (FP; average application rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were 1,075 kg N ha−1, 826 kg P2O5 ha−1, and 948 kg K2O ha−1, respectively), optimum fertilization practice (OPT; average application rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were 550 kg N ha−1, 295 kg P2O5 ha−1, and 498 kg K2O ha−1, respectively) and optimum fertilization supplemented with Mg (OPT+Mg; average application rate of Mg was 196 kg MgO ha−1). The results showed that the yield, total soluble solid-to-titratable acidity ratio, and economic benefits under OPT practice were not significantly different from those of FP, while those of OPT+Mg were significantly higher than those of FP, by 8.76, 8.79, and 15.00%, respectively, while titratable acidity contents were significantly lower by 7.35%. In addition, compared with those from FP, the energy inputs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from OPT were 31.00 and 26.48% lower, and those from OPT+Mg were 26.71 and 23.40% lower, respectively. Compared with those of OPT, the marginal efficiency of energy, GHG emissions, and capital of Mg under OPT+Mg were reduced by 62.30, 44.19, and 21.07%, respectively. Overall, adopting OPT+Mg for pomelo production could further enhance yield, fruit quality, and economic benefits while reducing the environmental burdens.
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15
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Chen X, Wang Z, Muneer MA, Ma C, He D, White PJ, Li C, Zhang F. Short planks in the crop nutrient barrel theory of China are changing: Evidence from 15 crops in 13 provinces. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Changcheng Ma
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Dongdong He
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Philip J. White
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Chunjian Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
- International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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16
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Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Diniz AA, Cavalcante LF, de Oliveira Filho ASB, da Silva Dias N, Dantas TAG, Campos VB, do Nascimento JAM, Dantas SAG. Postharvest quality of yellow passion fruit produced in soil with bovine biofertilizer and nitrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27328-27338. [PMID: 34981396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of soil conditioners as bovine biofertilizer associated with mineral fertilization affect the physical and physicochemical quality of passion fruit. For fruit growth, post-harvest quality is crucial for production chain development, as it is the characteristic most used by the fresh consumption market for this fruit. In this sense, an experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of doses of bovine biofertilizer in the soil with and without nitrogen fertilization in the cultivation of yellow passion fruit. A randomized block design was adopted, with three replications in a 5×2 factorial scheme, referring to five doses of liquid bovine biofertilizer (B) diluted in water (A): 0% - control (0B + 4A); 25% (1B + 3A); 50% (2B + 2A); 75% (3B + 1A); and 100% (4B + 0A) with and without nitrogen fertilization applied to the soil. Urea was the nitrogen source used in this study. A total of 10 g plant-1 of N was applied monthly at 30 and 60 days after transplanting, and after that age, 20 g plant-1 was applied until the end of harvest. During the final phase of production and ripening, twelve fruits were harvested from each treatment in physiological maturation for physical and physicochemical characterization. The following analyses were performed: longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, number of seeds per fruit, peel firmness, pulp yield, fruit peel percentage, pulp pH, soluble solids content; titratable acidity and soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio. Data underwent analysis of variance by the F test means for nitrogen were compared by Tukey's test and means for bovine biofertilizer, by regression. Nitrogen enhances the positive effect of bovine biofertilizer on the postharvest quality of yellow passion fruit. The association of biofertilizer and nitrogen improves fruit quality in comparison to plants without these inputs, except for pulp yield and fruit peel percentage, which suffered isolated effects from the factors. High doses of biofertilizer, above 75 and 100%, reduce soluble solids content and increase titratable acidity. The bovine biofertilizer has promising effects, but it does not replace nitrogen fertilization on the postharvest quality of yellow passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Araujo Diniz
- State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Square Gonçalves Dias, s/n, Balsas, Maranhão, 65800-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nildo da Silva Dias
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid region (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Batista Campos
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB), Princesa Isabel, Paraíba, Brazil
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18
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Kleczkowski LA, Igamberdiev AU. Magnesium Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1159. [PMID: 33503839 PMCID: PMC7865908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free magnesium (Mg2+) is a signal of the adenylate (ATP+ADP+AMP) status in the cells. It results from the equilibrium of adenylate kinase (AK), which uses Mg-chelated and Mg-free adenylates as substrates in both directions of its reaction. The AK-mediated primary control of intracellular [Mg2+] is finely interwoven with the operation of membrane-bound adenylate- and Mg2+-translocators, which in a given compartment control the supply of free adenylates and Mg2+ for the AK-mediated equilibration. As a result, [Mg2+] itself varies both between and within the compartments, depending on their energetic status and environmental clues. Other key nucleotide-utilizing/producing enzymes (e.g., nucleoside diphosphate kinase) may also be involved in fine-tuning of the intracellular [Mg2+]. Changes in [Mg2+] regulate activities of myriads of Mg-utilizing/requiring enzymes, affecting metabolism under both normal and stress conditions, and impacting photosynthetic performance, respiration, phloem loading and other processes. In compartments controlled by AK equilibrium (cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus), the intracellular [Mg2+] can be calculated from total adenylate contents, based on the dependence of the apparent equilibrium constant of AK on [Mg2+]. Magnesium signaling, reflecting cellular adenylate status, is likely widespread in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, due simply to the omnipresent nature of AK and to its involvement in adenylate equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B3X9, Canada;
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The Combination of Simultaneous Plasma Treatment with Mg Nanoparticles Deposition Technique for Better Mung Bean Seeds Germination. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method based on the combination of simultaneous cold plasma treatment with Mg nanoparticles deposition, applied to Mung bean seeds by improving their quality, is presented. The SRIM simulation reveals that only the very top layer of the seeds surface can be altered by the plasma. The experimental analysis indicates surface composition changes with a polar groups formation. These groups initiate the shift of surface characteristics from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The chemical bond analysis shows the formation of MgO and Mg(OH)2 compounds, which acts as a positive factor for seeds germination and growth. The germination experiments showed a 70% outcome with an average of 73.9 mm sprouts length after 30 min of plasma treatment compared to the initial seeds (40% outcome and 71.3 mm sprouts length).
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