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Azarin K, Usatov A, Minkina T, Duplii N, Fedorenko A, Plotnikov A, Mandzhieva S, Kumar R, Yong JWH, Sehar S, Rajput VD. Evaluating the phytotoxicological effects of bulk and nano forms of zinc oxide on cellular respiration-related indices and differential gene expression in Hordeum vulgare L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116670. [PMID: 38981388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles is driving the growth of research on their effects on living organisms. However, studies on the effects of nanoparticles on cellular respiration are still limited. The remodeling of cellular-respiration-related indices in plants induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (nnZnO) and its bulk form (blZnO) was investigated for the first time. For this purpose, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings were grown hydroponically for one week with the addition of test compounds at concentrations of 0, 0.3, 2, and 10 mg mL-1. The results showed that a low concentration (0.3 mg mL-1) of blZnO did not cause significant changes in the respiration efficiency, ATP content, and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in leaf tissues. Moreover, a dose of 0.3 mg mL-1 nnZnO increased respiration efficiency in both leaves (17 %) and roots (38 %). Under the influence of blZnO and nnZnO at medium (2 mg mL-1) and high (10 mg mL-1) concentrations, a dose-dependent decrease in respiration efficiency from 28 % to 87 % was observed. Moreover, the negative effect was greater under the influence of nnZnO. The gene transcription of the subunits of the mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) changed mainly only under the influence of nnZnO in high concentration. Expression of the ATPase subunit gene, atp1, increased slightly (by 36 %) in leaf tissue under the influence of medium and high concentrations of test compounds, whereas in the root tissues, the atp1 mRNA level decreased significantly (1.6-2.9 times) in all treatments. A dramatic decrease (1.5-2.4 times) in ATP content was also detected in the roots. Against the background of overexpression of the AOX1d1 gene, an isoform of alternative oxidase (AOX), the total ROS content in leaves decreased (with the exception of 10 mg mL-1 nnZnO). However, in the roots, where the pressure of the stress factor is higher, there was a significant increase in ROS levels, with a maximum six-fold increase under 10 mg mL-1 nnZnO. A significant decrease in transcript levels of the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolytic enzymes was also shown in the root tissues compared to leaves. Thus, the disruption of oxidative phosphorylation leads to a decrease in ATP synthesis and an increase in ROS production; concomitantly reducing the efficiency of cellular respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Azarin
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Usatov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Duplii
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Plotnikov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation.
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Tabatabaeipour SN, Shiran B, Ravash R, Niazi A, Ebrahimie E. Comprehensive transcriptomic meta-analysis unveils new responsive genes to methyl jasmonate and ethylene in Catharanthusroseus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27132. [PMID: 38449649 PMCID: PMC10915408 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In Catharanthus roseus, vital plant hormones, namely methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene, serve as abiotic triggers, playing a crucial role in stimulating the production of specific secondary compounds with anticancer properties. Understanding how plants react to various stresses, stimuli, and the pathways involved in biosynthesis holds significant promise. The application of stressors like ethylene and MeJA induces the plant's defense mechanisms, leading to increased secondary metabolite production. To delve into the essential transcriptomic processes linked to hormonal responses, this study employed an integrated approach combining RNA-Seq data meta-analysis and system biology methodologies. Furthermore, the validity of the meta-analysis findings was confirmed using RT-qPCR. Within the meta-analysis, 903 genes exhibited differential expression (DEGs) when comparing normal conditions to those of the treatment. Subsequent analysis, encompassing gene ontology, KEGG, TF, and motifs, revealed that these DEGs were actively engaged in multiple biological processes, particularly in responding to various stresses and stimuli. Additionally, these genes were notably enriched in diverse biosynthetic pathways, including those related to TIAs, housing valuable medicinal compounds found in this plant. Furthermore, by conducting co-expression network analysis, we identified hub genes within modules associated with stress response and the production of TIAs. Most genes linked to the biosynthesis pathway of TIAs clustered within three specific modules. Noteworthy hub genes, including Helicase ATP-binding domain, hbdA, and ALP1 genes within the blue, turquoise, and green module networks, are presumed to play a role in the TIAs pathway. These identified candidate genes hold potential for forthcoming genetic and metabolic engineering initiatives aimed at augmenting the production of secondary metabolites and medicinal compounds within C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Nasim Tabatabaeipour
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shiran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rudabeh Ravash
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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Omar SA, Ashokhan S, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA, Lau BYC, Yaacob JS. Enhanced azadirachtin production in neem (Azadirachta indica) callus through NaCl elicitation: Insights into differential protein regulation via shotgun proteomics. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105778. [PMID: 38458685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
With their remarkable bioactivity and evolving commercial importance, plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) have gained significant research interest in recent years. Plant tissue culture serves as a credible tool to examine how abiotic stresses modulate the production of PSMs, enabling clear insights into plant stress responses and the prospects for controlled synthesis of bioactive compounds. Azadirachta indica, or neem has been recognized as a repository of secondary metabolites for centuries, particularly for the compound named azadirachtin, due to its bio-pesticidal and high antioxidant properties. Introducing salt stress as an elicitor makes it possible to enhance the synthesis of secondary metabolites, specifically azadirachtin. Thus, in this research, in vitro callus cultures of neem were micro-propagated and induced with salinity stress to explore their effects on the production of azadirachtin and identify potential proteins associated with salinity stress through comparative shotgun proteomics (LCMS/MS). To induce salinity stress, 2-month-old calli were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl (0.05-1.5%) for 4 weeks. The results showed that the callus cultures were able to adapt and survive in the salinity treatments, but displayed a reduction in fresh weight as the NaCl concentration increased. Notably, azadirachtin production was significantly enhanced in the salinity treatment compared to control, where 1.5% NaCl-treated calli produced the highest azadirachtin amount (10.847 ± 0.037 mg/g DW). The proteomics analysis showed that key proteins related to primary metabolism, such as defence, energy, cell structure, redox, transcriptional and photosynthesis, were predominantly differentially regulated (36 upregulated and 93 downregulated). While a few proteins were identified as being regulated in secondary metabolism, they were not directly involved in the synthesis of azadirachtin. In conjunction with azadirachtin elicitation, salinity stress treatment could therefore be successfully applied in commercial settings for the controlled synthesis of azadirachtin and other plant-based compounds. Further complementary omics approaches can be employed to enhance molecular-level modifications, to facilitate large-scale production of bioactive compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ainnsyah Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Ashokhan
- School of Biotechnology, MILA University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Vignesh P, Mahadevaiah C, Selvamuthu K, Mahadeva Swamy HK, Sreenivasa V, Appunu C. Comparative genome-wide characterization of salt responsive micro RNA and their targets through integrated small RNA and de novo transcriptome profiling in sugarcane and its wild relative Erianthus arundinaceus. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38162015 PMCID: PMC10756875 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity and saline irrigation water are major constraints in sugarcane affecting the production of cane and sugar yield. To understand the salinity induced responses and to identify novel genomic resources, integrated de novo transcriptome and small RNA sequencing in sugarcane wild relative, Erianthus arundinaceus salt tolerant accession IND 99-907 and salt-sensitive sugarcane genotype Co 97010 were performed. A total of 362 known miRNAs belonging to 62 families and 353 miRNAs belonging to 63 families were abundant in IND 99-907 and Co 97010 respectively. The miRNA families such as miR156, miR160, miR166, miR167, miR169, miR171, miR395, miR399, miR437 and miR5568 were the most abundant with more than ten members in both genotypes. The differential expression analysis of miRNA reveals that 221 known miRNAs belonging to 48 families and 130 known miRNAs belonging to 42 families were differentially expressed in IND 99-907 and Co 97010 respectively. A total of 12,693 and 7982 miRNA targets against the monoploid mosaic genome and a total of 15,031 and 12,152 miRNA targets against the de novo transcriptome were identified for differentially expressed known miRNAs of IND 99-907 and Co 97010 respectively. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the miRNA targets revealed that 24, 12 and 14 enriched GO terms (FDR < 0.05) for biological process, molecular function and cellular component respectively. These miRNAs have many targets that associated in regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the genomic resources generated through this study are useful for sugarcane crop improvement through biotechnological and advanced breeding approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03867-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Vignesh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
| | - Channappa Mahadevaiah
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 560089 India
| | - Kannan Selvamuthu
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
| | | | - Venkatarayappa Sreenivasa
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
| | - Chinnaswamy Appunu
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Han SY, Kim WY, Kim JS, Hwang I. Comparative transcriptomics reveals the role of altered energy metabolism in the establishment of single-cell C 4 photosynthesis in Bienertia sinuspersici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1202521. [PMID: 37476170 PMCID: PMC10354284 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1202521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell C4 photosynthesis (SCC4) in terrestrial plants without Kranz anatomy involves three steps: initial CO2 fixation in the cytosol, CO2 release in mitochondria, and a second CO2 fixation in central chloroplasts. Here, we investigated how the large number of mechanisms underlying these processes, which occur in three different compartments, are orchestrated in a coordinated manner to establish the C4 pathway in Bienertia sinuspersici, a SCC4 plant. Leaves were subjected to transcriptome analysis at three different developmental stages. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SCC4 cycle genes are coexpressed with genes regulating cyclic electron flow and amino/organic acid metabolism, two key processes required for the production of energy molecules in C3 plants. Comparative gene expression profiling of B. sinuspersici and three other species (Suaeda aralocaspica, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, and Arabidopsis thaliana) showed that the direction of metabolic flux was determined via an alteration in energy supply in peripheral chloroplasts and mitochondria via regulation of gene expression in the direction of the C4 cycle. Based on these results, we propose that the redox homeostasis of energy molecules via energy metabolism regulation is key to the establishment of the SCC4 pathway in B. sinuspersici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Genomic Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Guo Z, Gong J, Luo S, Zuo Y, Shen Y. Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Plant Defense Response. Metabolites 2023; 13:741. [PMID: 37367899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that acts as a defense substance and a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, and which helps plants respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review focuses on the role of GABA's synthetic and metabolic pathways in regulating primary plant metabolism, redistributing carbon and nitrogen resources, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and improving plants' tolerance of oxidative stress. This review also highlights the way in which GABA maintains intracellular pH homeostasis by acting as a buffer and activating H+-ATPase. In addition, calcium signals participate in the accumulation process of GABA under stress. Moreover, GABA also transmits calcium signals through receptors to trigger downstream signaling cascades. In conclusion, understanding the role of GABA in this defense response provides a theoretical basis for applying GABA in agriculture and forestry and feasible coping strategies for plants in complex and changeable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuitian Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixin Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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Han M, Cui R, Wang D, Huang H, Rui C, Malik WA, Wang J, Zhang H, Xu N, Liu X, Lei Y, Jiang T, Sun L, Ni K, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen X, Lu X, Yin Z, Wang S, Guo L, Zhao L, Chen C, Ye W. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate key salt-responsive biomarkers to regulate salt tolerance in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:245. [PMID: 37161359 PMCID: PMC10170727 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is an important industrial crop and a pioneer crop for saline-alkali land restoration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the cotton response to salt is not completely understood. METHODS Here, we used metabolome data and transcriptome data to analyze the salt tolerance regulatory network of cotton and metabolic biomarkers. RESULTS In this study, cotton was stressed at 400 m M NaCl for 0 h, 3 h, 24 h and 48 h. NaCl interfered with cotton gene expression, altered metabolite contents and affected plant growth. Metabolome analysis showed that NaCl stress increased the contents of amino acids, sugars and ABA, decreased the amount of vitamin and terpenoids. K-means cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the continuously up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as flavonoid biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The four metabolites of cysteine (Cys), ABA(Abscisic acid), turanose, and isopentenyladenine-7-N-glucoside (IP7G) were consistently up-regulated under salt stress, which may indicate that they are potential candidates for cotton under salt stress biomarkers. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed accumulation of cysteine, ABA, isopentenyladenine-7-N-glucoside and turanose were important for salt tolerance in cotton mechanism. These results will provide some metabolic insights and key metabolite biomarkers for salt stress tolerance, which may help to understanding of the metabolite response to salt stress in cotton and develop a foundation for cotton to grow better in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Han
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruifeng Cui
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuqian Lei
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Jiang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kesong Ni
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Le XH, Millar AH. The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2133-2149. [PMID: 36573332 PMCID: PMC10069909 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is a foundational biological process with the potential to be optimized to improve crop yield. To understand and manipulate the outputs of respiration, the inputs of respiration-respiratory substrates-need to be probed in detail. Mitochondria house substrate catabolic pathways and respiratory machinery, so transport into and out of these organelles plays an important role in committing substrates to respiration. The large number of mitochondrial carriers and catabolic pathways that remain unidentified hinder this process and lead to confusion about the identity of direct and indirect respiratory substrates in plants. The sources and usage of respiratory substrates vary and are increasing found to be highly regulated based on cellular processes and environmental factors. This review covers the use of direct respiratory substrates following transport through mitochondrial carriers and catabolism under normal and stressed conditions. We suggest the introduction of enzymes not currently found in plant mitochondria to enable serine and acetate to be direct respiratory substrates in plants. We also compare respiratory substrates by assessing energetic yields, availability in cells, and their full or partial oxidation during cell catabolism. This information can assist in decisions to use synthetic biology approaches to alter the range of respiratory substrates in plants. As a result, respiration could be optimized by introducing, improving, or controlling specific mitochondrial transporters and mitochondrial catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen H Le
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
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Ju F, Sun L, Xiong C, Wang Z, Yu H, Pang J, Bai H, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Chen B. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed the key pathways and hub genes of potassium regulating cotton root adaptation to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132877. [PMID: 36938049 PMCID: PMC10014550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the main abiotic stresses affecting cotton yield and planting area. Potassium application has been proven to be an important strategy to reduce salt damage in agricultural production. However, the mechanism of potassium regulating the salt adaptability of cotton has not been fully elucidated. In the present research, the appropriate potassium application rate for alleviating salt damage of cotton based on different K+/Na+ ratios we screened, and a gene co-expression network based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using the transcriptome data sets treated with CK (0 mM NaCl), S (150 mM NaCl), and SK8 (150 mM NaCl + 9.38 mM K2SO4) was constructed. In this study, four key modules that are highly related to potassium regulation of cotton salt tolerance were identified, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glutathione metabolism pathway were identified as the key biological processes and metabolic pathways for potassium to improve cotton root salt adaptability. In addition, 21 hub genes and 120 key candidate genes were identified in this study, suggesting that they may play an important role in the enhancement of salt adaptability of cotton by potassium. The key modules, key biological pathways and hub genes discovered in this study will provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of potassium enhancing salinity adaptability in cotton, and lay a theoretical foundation for the improvement and innovation of high-quality cotton germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Ju
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Huilian Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Pang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, United States
| | - Wengqing Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
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11
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Al-Tabbal J, Al-Jedaih M, Al-Zboon KK, Alrawashdeh KAB. Mitigation of salinity stress effects on kochia ( Bassia scoparia L.) biomass productivity using biochar application. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1463-1473. [PMID: 36600578 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2164248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity continues to be a key factor limiting food security and agricultural sustainability in arid and semi-arid countries. Biochar has been promoted to reduce the risk of saline irrigation. In a controlled study, physiological and morphological growth factors of kochia plants that were irrigated with tap water (S1) and saline water (S2) were assessed to identify the ameliorative effects of biochar amendment to the soil at different levels (B1: 0%, B2: 2%, B3: 5%, and B4: 10%. According to our findings, salinity stress negatively affected morphological and physiological growth parameters of kochia plants by decreasing the fresh and dry weight (25% and 28%, respectively), plant height (30%), circumference (46%), total chlorophyll (51%), and relative water content (29%) when compared to the controls. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage increased considerably (19%) due to salt stress. Significant morphological and physiological growth enhancements were seen at all biochar levels in comparison to the control treatment, with the highest level increasing plant height by 55%, circumference by 76%, total chlorophyll concentrations by 121%, and relative water content by 28%. Furthermore, it resulted in a 36% reduction in the stressed plants' electrolyte leakage. The findings demonstrated biochar's benefits in reducing salinity's negative effects on kochia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Al-Tabbal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Al‑Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Huson, Jordan
| | - Maamoun Al-Jedaih
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Al‑Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Huson, Jordan
| | - Kamel K Al-Zboon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Al‑Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Huson, Jordan
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12
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Fedorin DN, Eprintsev AT, Florez Caro OJ, Igamberdiev AU. Effect of Salt Stress on the Activity, Expression, and Promoter Methylation of Succinate Dehydrogenase and Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:68. [PMID: 36616197 PMCID: PMC9823291 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of salt stress on the expression of genes, the methylation of their promoters, and the enzymatic activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) was investigated in maize (Zea mays L.). The incubation of maize seedlings in a 150 mM NaCl solution for 24 h led to a several-fold increase in the activity of SSADH that peaked at 6 h of NaCl treatment, which was preceded by an increase in the Ssadh1 gene expression and a decrease in its promoter methylation observed at 3 h of salt stress. The increase in SDH activity and succinate oxidation by mitochondria was slower, developing by 24 h of NaCl treatment, which corresponded to the increase in expression of the genes Sdh1-2 and Sdh2-3 encoding SDH catalytic subunits and of the gene Sdh3-1 encoding the anchoring SDH subunit. The increase in the Sdh2-3 expression was accompanied by the decrease in promoter methylation. It is concluded that salt stress results in the rapid increase in succinate production via SSADH operating in the GABA shunt, which leads to the activation of SDH, the process partially regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. The role of succinate metabolism under the conditions of salt stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N. Fedorin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Alexander T. Eprintsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Orlando J. Florez Caro
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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13
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Barreto P, Koltun A, Nonato J, Yassitepe J, Maia IDG, Arruda P. Metabolism and Signaling of Plant Mitochondria in Adaptation to Environmental Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911176. [PMID: 36232478 PMCID: PMC9570015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of mitochondria with cellular components evolved differently in plants and mammals; in plants, the organelle contains proteins such as ALTERNATIVE OXIDASES (AOXs), which, in conjunction with internal and external ALTERNATIVE NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASES, allow canonical oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to be bypassed. Plant mitochondria also contain UNCOUPLING PROTEINS (UCPs) that bypass OXPHOS. Recent work revealed that OXPHOS bypass performed by AOXs and UCPs is linked with new mechanisms of mitochondrial retrograde signaling. AOX is functionally associated with the NO APICAL MERISTEM transcription factors, which mediate mitochondrial retrograde signaling, while UCP1 can regulate the plant oxygen-sensing mechanism via the PRT6 N-Degron. Here, we discuss the crosstalk or the independent action of AOXs and UCPs on mitochondrial retrograde signaling associated with abiotic stress responses. We also discuss how mitochondrial function and retrograde signaling mechanisms affect chloroplast function. Additionally, we discuss how mitochondrial inner membrane transporters can mediate mitochondrial communication with other organelles. Lastly, we review how mitochondrial metabolism can be used to improve crop resilience to environmental stresses. In this respect, we particularly focus on the contribution of Brazilian research groups to advances in the topic of mitochondrial metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Koltun
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nonato
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Juliana Yassitepe
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- Embrapa Agricultura Digital, Campinas 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Ivan de Godoy Maia
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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14
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de la Osa C, Pérez‐López J, Feria A, Baena G, Marino D, Coleto I, Pérez‐Montaño F, Gandullo J, Echevarría C, García‐Mauriño S, Monreal JA. Knock-down of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 3 negatively impacts growth, productivity, and responses to salt stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:231-249. [PMID: 35488514 PMCID: PMC9539949 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a carboxylating enzyme with important roles in plant metabolism. Most studies in C4 plants have focused on photosynthetic PEPC, but less is known about non-photosynthetic PEPC isozymes, especially with respect to their physiological functions. In this work, we analyzed the precise roles of the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) PPC3 isozyme by the use of knock-down lines with the SbPPC3 gene silenced (Ppc3 lines). Ppc3 plants showed reduced stomatal conductance and plant size, a delay in flowering time, and reduced seed production. In addition, silenced plants accumulated stress indicators such as Asn, citrate, malate, and sucrose in roots and showed higher citrate synthase activity, even in control conditions. Salinity further affected stomatal conductance and yield and had a deeper impact on central metabolism in silenced plants compared to wild type, more notably in roots, with Ppc3 plants showing higher nitrate reductase and NADH-glutamate synthase activity in roots and the accumulation of molecules with a higher N/C ratio. Taken together, our results show that although SbPPC3 is predominantly a root protein, its absence causes deep changes in plant physiology and metabolism in roots and leaves, negatively affecting maximal stomatal opening, growth, productivity, and stress responses in sorghum plants. The consequences of SbPPC3 silencing suggest that this protein, and maybe orthologs in other plants, could be an important target to improve plant growth, productivity, and resistance to salt stress and other stresses where non-photosynthetic PEPCs may be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara de la Osa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Jesús Pérez‐López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Ana‐Belén Feria
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Guillermo Baena
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Daniel Marino
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Inmaculada Coleto
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | | | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Cristina Echevarría
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Sofía García‐Mauriño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - José A. Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
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15
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Koyro HW, Huchzermeyer B. From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131654. [PMID: 35807605 PMCID: PMC9269222 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture needs to provide, among other things, future additional ecosystem services, such as water quantity and quality, runoff control, soil fertility maintenance, carbon storage, climate regulation, and biodiversity. Numerous research projects have focused on the food–soil–climate nexus, and results were summarized in several reviews during the last decades. Based on this impressive piece of information, we have selected only a few aspects with the intention of studying plant–soil interactions and methods for optimization. In the short term, the use of soil amendments is currently attracting great interest to cover the current demand in agriculture. We will discuss the impact of biochar at water shortage, and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) at improving nutrient supply to plants. In this review, our focus is on the interplay of both soil amendments on primary reactions of photosynthesis, plant growth conditions, and signaling during adaptation to environmental stress. Moreover, we aim at providing a general overview of how dehydration and salinity affect signaling in cells. With the use of the example of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, we discuss the effects that can be observed when biochar and PGPB are used in the presence of stress. The stress response of plants is a multifactorial trait. Nevertheless, we will show that plants follow a general concept to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions in the short and long term. However, plant species differ in the upper and lower regulatory limits of gene expression. Therefore, the presented data may help in the identification of traits for future breeding of stress-resistant crops. One target for breeding could be the removal and efficient recycling of damaged as well as needless compounds and structures. Furthermore, in this context, we will show that autophagy can be a useful goal of breeding measures, since the recycling of building blocks helps the cells to overcome a period of imbalanced substrate supply during stress adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plantecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernhard Huchzermeyer
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30416 Hannover, Germany; or
- AK Biotechnology, VDI-BV-Hannover, Hanomagstr. 12, 30449 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Del-Saz NF, Iglesias-Sanchez A, Alonso-Forn D, López-Gómez M, Palma F, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Florez-Sarasa I. The Lack of Alternative Oxidase 1a Restricts in vivo Respiratory Activity and Stress-Related Metabolism for Leaf Osmoprotection and Redox Balancing Under Sudden Acute Water and Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833113. [PMID: 35656009 PMCID: PMC9152546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants salt and water stress result in an induction of respiration and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (SRMs) with osmoregulation and osmoprotection functions that benefit photosynthesis. The synthesis of SRMs may depend on an active respiratory metabolism, which can be restricted under stress by the inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), thus causing an increase in the reduction level of the ubiquinone pool. However, the activity of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is thought to prevent this from occurring while at the same time, dissipates excess of reducing power from the chloroplast and thereby improves photosynthetic performance. The present research is based on the hypothesis that the accumulation of SRMs under osmotic stress will be affected by changes in folial AOP activity. To test this, the oxygen isotope-fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo respiratory activities of COP and AOP in leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of aox1a mutants under sudden acute stress conditions induced by mannitol and salt treatments. Levels of leaf primary metabolites and transcripts of respiratory-related proteins were also determined in parallel to photosynthetic analyses. The lack of in vivo AOP response in the aox1a mutants coincided with a lower leaf relative water content and a decreased accumulation of crucial osmoregulators. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress-related metabolites and transcripts encoding alternative respiratory components were increased. Coordinated changes in metabolite levels, respiratory activities and photosynthetic performance highlight the contribution of the AOP in providing flexibility to carbon metabolism for the accumulation of SRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor F. Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - David Alonso-Forn
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Clemente-Moreno
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Bano N, Fakhrah S, Mohanty CS, Bag SK. Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Associated Targeting Hub Genes and Pathways of Drought and Salt Stress Responses in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum): A Network Biology Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818472. [PMID: 35548277 PMCID: PMC9083274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress tolerance is an intricate feature controlled through several genes and networks in the plant system. In abiotic stress, salt, and drought are well known to limit cotton productivity. Transcriptomics meta-analysis has arisen as a robust method to unravel the stress-responsive molecular network in crops. In order to understand drought and salt stress tolerance mechanisms, a meta-analysis of transcriptome studies is crucial. To confront these issues, here, we have given details of genes and networks associated with significant differential expression in response to salt and drought stress. The key regulatory hub genes of drought and salt stress conditions have notable associations with functional drought and salt stress-responsive (DSSR) genes. In the network study, nodulation signaling pathways 2 (NSP2), Dehydration-responsive element1 D (DRE1D), ethylene response factor (ERF61), cycling DOF factor 1 (CDF1), and tubby like protein 3 (TLP3) genes in drought and tubby like protein 1 (TLP1), thaumatin-like proteins (TLP), ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109 (EF109), ETS-Related transcription Factor (ELF4), and Arabidopsis thaliana homeodomain leucine-zipper gene (ATHB7) genes in salt showed the significant putative functions and pathways related to providing tolerance against drought and salt stress conditions along with the significant expression values. These outcomes provide potential candidate genes for further in-depth functional studies in cotton, which could be useful for the selection of an improved genotype of Gossypium hirsutum against drought and salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Bano
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shafquat Fakhrah
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Bag
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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18
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Song C, Acuña T, Adler-Agmon M, Rachmilevitch S, Barak S, Fait A. Leveraging a graft collection to develop metabolome-based trait prediction for the selection of tomato rootstocks with enhanced salt tolerance. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac061. [PMID: 35531316 PMCID: PMC9071376 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the salt tolerance of crops. However, breeding efforts to develop enhanced graft combinations are hindered by knowledge-gaps as to how rootstocks mediate scion-response to salt stress. We grafted the scion of cultivated M82 onto rootstocks of 254 tomato accessions and explored the morphological and metabolic responses of grafts under saline conditions (EC = 20 dS m-1) as compared to self-grafted M82 (SG-M82). Correlation analysis and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator were performed to address the association between morphological diversification and metabolic perturbation. We demonstrate that grafting the same variety onto different rootstocks resulted in scion phenotypic heterogeneity and emphasized the productivity efficiency of M82 irrespective of the rootstock. Spectrophotometric analysis to test lipid oxidation showed largest variability of malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents across the population, while the least responsive trait was the ratio of fruit fresh weight to total fresh weight (FFW/TFW). Generally, grafts showed greater values for the traits measured than SG-M82, except for branch number and wild race-originated rootstocks; the latter were associated with smaller scion growth parameters. Highly responsive and correlated metabolites were identified across the graft collection including malate, citrate, and aspartate, and their variance was partly related to rootstock origin. A group of six metabolites that consistently characterized exceptional graft response was observed, consisting of sorbose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, myo-inositol, and proline. The correlation analysis and predictive modelling, integrating phenotype- and leaf metabolite data, suggest a potential predictive relation between a set of leaf metabolites and yield-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Tania Acuña
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | | | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Simon Barak
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
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19
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Guo Q, Han J, Li C, Hou X, Zhao C, Wang Q, Wu J, Mur LAJ. Defining key metabolic roles in osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in the recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13663. [PMID: 35249230 PMCID: PMC9311275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia is of forage and medical value and can remediate saline soils. We here assess the contribution of primary/secondary metabolism to osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in Karelinia caspia under salt stress using multi-omic approaches. Computerized phenomic assessments, tests for cellular osmotic changes and lipid peroxidation indicated that salt treatment had no detectable physical effect on K. caspia. Metabolomic analysis indicated that amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, polyamine, phenolic acids, and vitamins accumulated significantly with salt treatment. Transcriptomic assessment identified differentially expressed genes closely linked to the changes in above primary/secondary metabolites under salt stress. In particular, shifts in carbohydrate metabolism (TCA cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis) as well as arginine and proline metabolism were observed to maintain a low osmotic potential. Chlorogenic acid/vitamin E biosynthesis was also enhanced, which would aid in ROS scavenging in the response of K. caspia to salt. Overall, our findings define key changes in primary/secondary metabolism that are coordinated to modulate the osmotic balance and ROS homeostasis to contribute to the salt tolerance of K. caspia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiwan Han
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
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20
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Taylor NL. Meet the Editorial Board Member. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/157016461901220119162454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas L. Taylor
- School of Molecular Sciences
ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology
The University of Western Australia
Perth, Australia
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21
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Xiao X, Wang Q, Ma X, Lang D, Guo Z, Zhang X. Physiological Biochemistry-Combined Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 Improved Salt-Stress Tolerance of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Seedlings by Balancing Carbohydrate Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:712363. [PMID: 35058941 PMCID: PMC8764457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely threatens the growth and productivity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Previous results found that Bacillus cereus G2 enhanced several carbohydrate contents in G. uralensis under salt stress. Here, we analyzed the changes in parameters related to growth, photosynthesis, carbohydrate transformation, and the glycolysis Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by G2 in G. uralensis under salt stress. Results showed that G2 helped G. uralensis-accumulating photosynthetic pigments during photosynthesis, which could further increase starch, sucrose, and fructose contents during carbohydrate transformation. Specifically, increased soluble starch synthase (SSS) activity caused to higher starch content, which could induce α-amylase (AM) and β-amylase (BM) activities; increased sucrose content due to the increase of sucrose synthase (SS) activity through upregulating the gene-encoding SS, which decreased cell osmotic potential, and consequently, induced invertase and gene-encoding α-glucosidase that decomposed sucrose to fructose, ultimately avoided further water loss; increased fructose content-required highly hexokinase (HK) activity to phosphorylate in G. uralensis, thereby providing sufficient substrate for EMP. However, G2 decreased phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities during EMP. For inducing the TCA cycle to produce more energy, G2 increased PDH activity that enhanced CA content, which further increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity and provided intermediate products for the G. uralensis TCA cycle under salt stress. In sum, G2 could improve photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate transformation to enhance carbohydrate products, thereby releasing more chemical energy stored in carbohydrates through the EMP pathway-TCA cycle, finally maintain normal life activities, and promote the growth of G. uralensis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenggang Guo
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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22
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Soil Salinity, a Serious Environmental Issue and Plant Responses: A Metabolomics Perspective. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110724. [PMID: 34822381 PMCID: PMC8620211 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of global warming have increasingly led to devastating environmental stresses, such as heat, salinity, and drought. Soil salinization is a serious environmental issue and results in detrimental abiotic stress, affecting 7% of land area and 33% of irrigated lands worldwide. The proportion of arable land facing salinity is expected to rise due to increasing climate change fuelled by anthropogenic activities, exacerbating the threat to global food security for the exponentially growing populace. As sessile organisms, plants have evolutionarily developed mechanisms that allow ad hoc responses to salinity stress. The orchestrated mechanisms include signalling cascades involving phytohormones, kinases, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium regulatory networks. As a pillar in a systems biology approach, metabolomics allows for comprehensive interrogation of the biochemistry and a deconvolution of molecular mechanisms involved in plant responses to salinity. Thus, this review highlights soil salinization as a serious environmental issue and points to the negative impacts of salinity on plants. Furthermore, the review summarises mechanisms regulating salinity tolerance on molecular, cellular, and biochemical levels with a focus on metabolomics perspectives. This critical synthesis of current literature is an opportunity to revisit the current models regarding plant responses to salinity, with an invitation to further fundamental research for novel and actionable insights.
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23
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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24
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Effect of Salt Stress on the Expression and Promoter Methylation of the Genes Encoding the Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Forms of Aconitase and Fumarase in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116012. [PMID: 34199464 PMCID: PMC8199617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of salt stress on gene expression, promoter methylation, and enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of aconitase and fumarase has been investigated in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The incubation of maize seedlings in 150-mM NaCl solution resulted in a several-fold increase of the mitochondrial activities of aconitase and fumarase that peaked at 6 h of NaCl treatment, while the cytosolic activity of aconitase and fumarase decreased. This corresponded to the decrease in promoter methylation of the genes Aco1 and Fum1 encoding the mitochondrial forms of these enzymes and the increase in promoter methylation of the genes Aco2 and Fum2 encoding the cytosolic forms. The pattern of expression of the genes encoding the mitochondrial forms of aconitase and fumarase corresponded to the profile of the increase of the stress marker gene ZmCOI6.1. It is concluded that the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of aconitase and fumarase are regulated via the epigenetic mechanism of promoter methylation of their genes in the opposite ways in response to salt stress. The role of the mitochondrial isoforms of aconitase and fumarase in the elevation of respiration under salt stress is discussed.
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25
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Florez-Sarasa I, Welchen E, Racca S, Gonzalez DH, Vallarino JG, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Del-Saz NF. Cytochrome c Deficiency Differentially Affects the In Vivo Mitochondrial Electron Partitioning and Primary Metabolism Depending on the Photoperiod. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030444. [PMID: 33652808 PMCID: PMC7996904 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration provides metabolic flexibility under changing environmental conditions by modulating the activity of the nonphosphorylating alternative pathways from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which bypass the main energy-producing components of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP). While adjustments in leaf primary metabolism induced by changes in day length are well studied, possible differences in the in vivo contribution of the COP and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) between different photoperiods remain unknown. In our study, in vivo electron partitioning between AOP and COP and expression analysis of respiratory components, photosynthesis, and the levels of primary metabolites were studied in leaves of wild-type (WT) plants and cytochrome c (CYTc) mutants, with reduced levels of COP components, under short- and long-day photoperiods. Our results clearly show that differences in AOP and COP in vivo activities between WT and cytc mutants depend on the photoperiod likely due to energy and stress signaling constraints. Parallel responses observed between in vivo respiratory activities, TCA cycle intermediates, amino acids, and stress signaling metabolites indicate the coordination of different pathways of primary metabolism to support growth adaptation under different photoperiods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.F.-S.); (N.F.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-935-636-600 (I.F.-S.); Fax: +56-41-2221569 (N.F.D.-S.)
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - Sofia Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - Daniel H. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (J.G.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (J.G.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Research Group on Plant Biology, Balearic Islands University, Ctra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Nestor Fernandez Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.F.-S.); (N.F.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-935-636-600 (I.F.-S.); Fax: +56-41-2221569 (N.F.D.-S.)
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26
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Mellidou I, Ainalidou A, Papadopoulou A, Leontidou K, Genitsaris S, Karagiannis E, Van de Poel B, Karamanoli K. Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal an Intricate Priming Mechanism Involved in PGPR-Mediated Salt Tolerance in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713984. [PMID: 34484277 PMCID: PMC8416046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated beneficial strains inhabiting plants grown under harsh ecosystems can help them cope with abiotic stress factors by positively influencing plant physiology, development, and environmental adaptation. Previously, we isolated a potential plant growth promoting strain (AXSa06) identified as Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, producing indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores, as well as solubilizing inorganic phosphorus. In this study, we aimed to further evaluate the effects of AXSa06 seed inoculation on the growth of tomato seedlings under excess salt (200 mM NaCl) by deciphering their transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. Differences in transcript levels and metabolites following AXSa06 inoculation seem likely to have contributed to the observed difference in salt adaptation of inoculated plants. In particular, inoculations exerted a positive effect on plant growth and photosynthetic parameters, imposing plants to a primed state, at which they were able to respond more robustly to salt stress probably by efficiently activating antioxidant metabolism, by dampening stress signals, by detoxifying Na+, as well as by effectively assimilating carbon and nitrogen. The primed state of AXSa06-inoculated plants is supported by the increased leaf lipid peroxidation, ascorbate content, as well as the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, prior to stress treatment. The identified signatory molecules of AXSa06-mediated salt tolerance included the amino acids aspartate, threonine, serine, and glutamate, as well as key genes related to ethylene or abscisic acid homeostasis and perception, and ion antiporters. Our findings represent a promising sustainable solution to improve agricultural production under the forthcoming climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (ex NAGREF), Thermi, Greece
- *Correspondence: Ifigeneia Mellidou
| | - Aggeliki Ainalidou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kleopatra Leontidou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Genitsaris
- Section of Ecology and Taxonomy, School of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Katerina Karamanoli
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27
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Grafi G. Dead but Not Dead End: Multifunctional Role of Dead Organs Enclosing Embryos in Seed Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218024. [PMID: 33126660 PMCID: PMC7662896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry fruits consist of two types, dehiscent and indehiscent, whereby the fruit is splitting open or remains closed at maturity, respectively. The seed, the dispersal unit (DU) of dehiscent fruits, is composed of three major parts, the embryo and the food reserve, encapsulated by the maternally-derived organ, the seed coat. Indehiscent fruit constitutes the DU in which the embryo is covered by two protective layers (PLs), the seed coat and the fruit coat. In grasses, the caryopsis, a one-seeded fruit, can be further enclosed by the floral bracts to generate two types of DUs, florets and spikelets. All protective layers enclosing the embryo undergo programmed cell death (PCD) at maturation and are thought to provide mainly a physical shield for embryo protection and a means for dispersal. In this review article, I wish to highlight the elaborate function of these dead organs enclosing the embryo as unique storage structures for beneficial substances and discuss their potential role in seed biology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Grafi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
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