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Hill D, Conte L, Nelson D, Hammond J, Bell L. Investigating the water availability hypothesis of pot binding: small pots and infrequent irrigation confound the effects of drought stress in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1399250. [PMID: 38938631 PMCID: PMC11208687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1399250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
To maximise the throughput of novel, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, many researchers have utilised smaller pot sizes to increase the number of biological replicates that can be grown in spatially limited controlled environments. This may confound plant development through a process known as "pot binding", particularly in larger species including potato (Solanum tuberosum), and under water-restricted conditions. We aimed to investigate the water availability hypothesis of pot binding, which predicts that small pots have insufficient water holding capacities to prevent drought stress between irrigation periods, in potato. Two cultivars of potato were grown in small (5 L) and large (20 L) pots, were kept under polytunnel conditions, and were subjected to three irrigation frequencies: every other day, daily, and twice daily. Plants were phenotyped with two Phenospex PlantEye F500s and canopy and tuber fresh mass and dry matter were measured. Increasing irrigation frequency from every other day to daily was associated with a significant increase in fresh tuber yield, but only in large pots. This suggests a similar level of drought stress occurred between these treatments in the small pots, supporting the water availability hypothesis of pot binding. Further increasing irrigation frequency to twice daily was still not sufficient to increase yields in small pots but it caused an insignificant increase in yield in the larger pots, suggesting some pot binding may be occurring in large pots under daily irrigation. Canopy temperatures were significantly higher under each irrigation frequency in the small pots compared to large pots, which strongly supports the water availability hypothesis as higher canopy temperatures are a reliable indicator of drought stress in potato. Digital phenotyping was found to be less accurate for larger plants, probably due to a higher degree of self-shading. The research demonstrates the need to define the optimum pot size and irrigation protocols required to completely prevent pot binding and ensure drought treatments are not inadvertently applied to control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Hill
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Conte
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Zameer R, Alwutayd KM, Alshehri D, Mubarik MS, Li C, Yu C, Li Z. Identification of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase gene family in potato: revealed StCRLK9 in response to heat, salt and drought stresses. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23320. [PMID: 38723163 DOI: 10.1071/fp23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The investigation into cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRLKs) holds pivotal significance as these conserved, upstream signalling molecules intricately regulate fundamental biological processes such as plant growth, development and stress adaptation. This study undertakes a comprehensive characterisation of CRLKs in Solanum tuberosum (potato), a staple food crop of immense economic importance. Employing comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses, we identified 10 distinct CRLK genes in potato. Further categorisation into three major groups based on sequence similarity was performed. Each CRLK member in potato was systematically named according to its chromosomal position. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses unveiled conserved gene structures and motifs within the same groups. The genomic distribution of CRLKs was observed across Chromosomes 2-5, 8 and 12. Gene duplication analysis highlighted a noteworthy trend, with most gene pairs exhibiting a Ka/Ks ratio greater than one, indicating positive selection of StCRLKs in potato. Salt and drought stresses significantly impacted peroxidase and catalase activities in potato seedlings. The presence of diverse cis -regulatory elements, including hormone-responsive elements, underscored their involvement in myriad biotic and abiotic stress responses. Interestingly, interactions between the phytohormone auxin and CRLK proteins unveiled a potential auxin-mediated regulatory mechanism. A holistic approach combining transcriptomics and quantitative PCR validation identified StCRLK9 as a potential candidate involved in plant response to heat, salt and drought stresses. This study lays a robust foundation for future research on the functional roles of the CRLK gene family in potatoes, offering valuable insights into their diverse regulatory mechanisms and potential applications in stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Zameer
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chengde Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Schilling F, Schumacher C, Köhl K, Sprenger H, Kopka J, Peters R, Haas M, Zuther E, Horn R. Whole-genome sequencing of tetraploid potato varieties reveals different strategies for drought tolerance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5476. [PMID: 38443466 PMCID: PMC10914802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate changes leading to increasingly longer seasonal drought periods in large parts of the world increase the necessity for breeding drought-tolerant crops. Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum), the third most important vegetable crop worldwide, is regarded as drought-sensitive due to its shallow root architecture. Two German tetraploid potato cultivars differing in drought tolerance and their F1-progeny were evaluated under various drought scenarios. Bulked segregant analyses were combined with whole-genome sequencing (BSA-Seq) using contrasting bulks of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive F1-clones. Applying QTLseqr, 15 QTLs comprising 588,983 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2325 genes associated with drought stress tolerance were identified. SeqSNP analyses in an association panel of 34 mostly starch potato varieties using 1-8 SNPs for each of 188 selected genes narrowed the number of candidate genes down to 10. In addition, ent-kaurene synthase B was the only gene present under QTL 10. Eight of the identified genes (StABP1, StBRI1, StKS, StLEA, StPKSP1, StPKSP2, StYAB5, and StZOG1) address plant development, the other three genes (StFATA, StHGD and StSYP) contribute to plant protection under drought stress. Allelic variation in these genes might be explored in future breeding for drought-tolerant potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schilling
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Schumacher
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rolf Peters
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, Dethlingen 14, 29633, Munster, Germany
- PotatoConsult UG, Hiddinger Straße 33, 27374, Visselhövede, Germany
| | - Manuela Haas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Climate Protection, Henning-Von-Tresckow-Straße 2-13, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Research, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Horn
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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Fofana B, Soto-Cerda B, Zaidi M, Main D, Fillmore S. Genome-wide genetic architecture for plant maturity and drought tolerance in diploid potatoes. Front Genet 2024; 14:1306519. [PMID: 38357658 PMCID: PMC10864671 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1306519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is known to be highly susceptible to drought. With climate change and its frequent episodes of drought, potato growers will face increased challenges to achieving their yield goals. Currently, a high proportion of untapped potato germplasm remains within the diploid potato relatives, and the genetic architecture of the drought tolerance and maturity traits of diploid potatoes is still unknown. As such, a panel of 384 ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized diploid potato clones were evaluated for drought tolerance and plant maturity under field conditions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted to dissect the genetic architecture of the traits. The results obtained from the genetic structure analysis of the panel showed five main groups and seven subgroups. Using the Genome Association and Prediction Integrated Tool-mixed linear model GWAS statistical model, 34 and 17 significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were found associated with maturity and drought traits, respectively. Chromosome 5 carried most of the QTNs, some of which were also detected by using the restricted two-stage multi-locus multi-allele-GWAS haploblock-based model, and two QTNs were found to be pleiotropic for both maturity and drought traits. Using the non-parametric U-test, one and three QTNs, with 5.13%-7.4% phenotypic variations explained, showed favorable allelic effects that increase the maturity and drought trait values. The quantitaive trait loci (QTLs)/QTNs associated with maturity and drought trait were found co-located in narrow (0.5-1 kb) genomic regions with 56 candidate genes playing roles in plant development and senescence and in abiotic stress responses. A total of 127 potato clones were found to be late maturing and tolerant to drought, while nine were early to moderate-late maturing and tolerant to drought. Taken together, the data show that the studied germplasm panel and the identified candidate genes are prime genetic resources for breeders and biologists in conventional breeding and targeted gene editing as climate adaptation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Braulio Soto-Cerda
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Moshin Zaidi
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Main
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Sherry Fillmore
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
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Razavizadeh R, Adabavazeh F, Mosayebi Z. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles improve element uptake, antioxidant properties, and essential oil productivity of Melissa officinalis L. seedlings under in vitro drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98020-98033. [PMID: 37603240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In vitro drought stress has a considerable impact on the mass production of active compounds in medicinal plants. Nevertheless, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and protein synthesis may be negatively affected by drought, which results in poor growth. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have recently been shown to play an important role in increasing nutrient uptake, resistance to various environmental stresses, and better plant growth. Regarding the importance of pharmaceutical metabolites of Melissa officinalis L., this experiment aimed to assess the role of TiO2 NPs in improving physiological responses and phytochemical properties in M. officinalis under in vitro drought stress. For this, two-week-old seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0, 50, and 100 mg L-1 TiO2 NPs and 0, 3, and 6% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG). Two weeks after treatments, a reduction of chlorophyll, protein content, essential elements, and enhancement of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were seen as a result of drought stress. It was observed that M. officinalis partially responded to the drought by increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants, including phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin and ascorbate peroxidase activity. Moreover, PEG-induced drought stress increased some important essential oil content such as limonene, alpha-pinene, myrcene, γ-3-carene, citral, and carvacrol; however, the results showed that TiO2 NPs not only increased the quantity of essential oils but also led to tolerance to the drought stress by increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant systems, absorption of essential nutrients, and decreasing H2O2 and MDA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Razavizadeh
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-3697, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Adabavazeh
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-3697, Iran
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Zahra Mosayebi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-3697, Iran
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Wellpott K, Jozefowicz AM, Meise P, Schum A, Seddig S, Mock HP, Winkelmann T, Bündig C. Combined nitrogen and drought stress leads to overlapping and unique proteomic responses in potato. PLANTA 2023; 257:58. [PMID: 36795167 PMCID: PMC9935667 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deficient and drought-tolerant or sensitive potatoes differ in proteomic responses under combined (NWD) and individual stresses. The sensitive genotype 'Kiebitz' exhibits a higher abundance of proteases under NWD. Abiotic stresses such as N deficiency and drought affect the yield of Solanum tuberosum L. tremendously. Therefore, it is of importance to improve potato genotypes in terms of stress tolerance. In this study, we identified differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in four starch potato genotypes under N deficiency (ND), drought stress (WD), or combined stress (NWD) in two rain-out shelter experiments. The gel-free LC-MS analysis generated a set of 1177 identified and quantified proteins. The incidence of common DAPs in tolerant and sensitive genotypes under NWD indicates general responses to this stress combination. Most of these proteins were part of the amino acid metabolism (13.9%). Three isoforms of S-adenosyl methionine synthase (SAMS) were found to be lower abundant in all genotypes. As SAMS were found upon application of single stresses as well, these proteins appear to be part of the general stress response in potato. Interestingly, the sensitive genotype 'Kiebitz' showed a higher abundance of three proteases (subtilase, carboxypeptidase, subtilase family protein) and a lower abundance of a protease inhibitor (stigma expressed protein) under NWD stress compared to control plants. The comparably tolerant genotype 'Tomba', however, displayed lower abundances of proteases. This indicates a better coping strategy for the tolerant genotype and a quicker reaction to WD when previously stressed with ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wellpott
- Department of Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna M Jozefowicz
- Applied Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Philipp Meise
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn-Institute (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut Für Kulturpflanzen, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3a, 18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Annegret Schum
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn-Institute (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut Für Kulturpflanzen, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3a, 18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn-Institute (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut Für Kulturpflanzen, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3a, 18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Applied Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Universidad de Costa Rica, CIGRAS, 11501-2060, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Department of Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christin Bündig
- Department of Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Alvarez-Morezuelas A, Barandalla L, Ritter E, Ruiz de Galarreta JI. Genome-Wide Association Study of Agronomic and Physiological Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:734. [PMID: 36840081 PMCID: PMC9963855 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is often considered a water-sensitive crop and its production can be threatened by drought events, making water stress tolerance a trait of increasing interest. In this study, a panel of 144 tetraploid potato genotypes was evaluated for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) to observe the variation of several physiological traits such as chlorophyll content and fluorescence, stomatal conductance, NDVI, and leaf area and circumference. In addition, agronomic parameters such as yield, tuber fresh weight, tuber number, starch content, dry matter and reducing sugars were determined. GGP V3 Potato array was used to genotype the population, obtaining a total of 18,259 high-quality SNP markers. Marker-trait association was performed using GWASpoly package in R software and Q + K linear mixed models were considered. This approach allowed us to identify eighteen SNP markers significantly associated with the studied traits in both treatments and years, which were related to genes with known functions. Markers related to chlorophyll content and number of tubers under control and stress conditions, and related to stomatal conductance, NDVI, yield and reducing sugar content under water stress, were identified. Although these markers were distributed throughout the genome, the SNPs associated with the traits under control conditions were found mainly on chromosome 11, while under stress conditions they were detected on chromosome 4. These results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms of potato tolerance to water stress and are useful for future marker-assisted selection programs.
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Jiang J, Feindel W, Harding M, Feindel D, Bajema S, Feng J. Development and Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method for Detection of the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:136-141. [PMID: 35748732 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1000-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spongospora subterranea is the causal agent of powdery scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum), which can significantly reduce potato quality. In this study, we developed and evaluated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection of S. subterranea. A set of LAMP primers named PS-LAMP was designed and tested for specificity and sensitivity. In the specificity test, in silico analysis using the NCBI Primer-BLAST tool indicated that PS-LAMP was specific to S. subterranea. The in vitro tests confirmed specificity, showing that PS-LAMP could produce positive signals from DNA isolated from each of three potato tubers with powdery scab symptoms but did not produce positive signals from DNA isolated from 38 nontarget plant pathogens. The sensitivity of PS-LAMP was tested on both gBlocks and DNA isolated from potato samples with powdery scab symptoms. On gBlocks, the lowest number of copies for a positive LAMP reaction was six, which was similar to results obtained via qPCR, but it was 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. On a DNA sample from S. subterranea-infected potato, the lowest amount of template DNA for a positive LAMP reaction was 2 pg, which was incomparable with the sensitivity of qPCR. Considering the convenience of the LAMP technique, as well as the high specificity and sensitivity, this assay can be very useful for plant pathology practitioners and diagnostic labs interested in rapid, accurate, and routine detection of S. subterranea and confirmation of powdery scab disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Jiang
- Potato Growers of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - Will Feindel
- Potato Growers of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - Michael Harding
- Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development (AAFRED), Brooks, AB, T1R 1E6, Canada
| | - David Feindel
- Alberta Plant Health Lab, AAFRED, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - Stacey Bajema
- Potato Growers of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - Jie Feng
- Alberta Plant Health Lab, AAFRED, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
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Jiang M, Shinners-Carnelley T, Gibson D, Jones D, Joshi J, Wang-Pruski G. Irrigation Effect on Yield, Skin Blemishes, Phellem Formation, and Total Phenolics of Red Potatoes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3523. [PMID: 36559635 PMCID: PMC9786858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dark Red Norland is an important potato cultivar in the fresh market due to its attractive bright, red colour, and good yield. However, skin blemishes such as silver patch, surface cracking, and russeting can negatively influence the tuber skin quality and marketability. It is well known that potato is a drought-sensitive plant. This study was conducted to determine whether irrigation would affect Dark Red Norland's yield and skin quality. A three-year field trial was conducted by Peak of the Market in Manitoba, Canada. Plants were treated under both irrigation and rainfed conditions. The results show that irrigation increased the total yield by 20.6% and reduced the severity of surface cracking by 48.5%. Microscopy imaging analysis demonstrated that tubers from the rainfed trials formed higher numbers of suberized cell layers than those of the irrigated potatoes, with a difference of 0.360 to 0.652 layers in normal skins. Surface cracking and silver patch skins had more suberized cell layers than the normal skins, with ranges of 7.805 to 8.333 and 7.740 to 8.496, respectively. A significantly higher amount of total polyphenols was found in the irrigated samples with a mean of 77.30 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (fw) than that of the rainfed samples (69.80 mg GAE/100 g fw). The outcome of this study provides a better understanding of the water regime effect causing these skin blemishes, which could potentially be used to establish strategies to improve tuber skin quality and minimize market losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Jiang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Darin Gibson
- Gaia Consulting Ltd., Newton, MB R0H 0X0, Canada
| | - Debbie Jones
- Gaia Consulting Ltd., Newton, MB R0H 0X0, Canada
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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10
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Transcriptome Analysis of Two Tetraploid Potato Varieties under Water-Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213905. [PMID: 36430379 PMCID: PMC9694765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, but due to its sensitivity to drought, its production can be affected by water availability. In this study, the varieties Agria and Zorba were used to determine the expression differences between control and water-stressed plants. For this purpose, they were sequenced by RNAseq, obtaining around 50 million transcripts for each variety and treatment. When comparing the significant transcripts obtained from control and drought-stressed plants of the Agria variety, we detected 931 genes that were upregulated and 2077 genes that were downregulated under stress conditions. When both treatments were compared in Zorba plants, 735 genes were found to be upregulated and 923 genes were found to be downregulated. Significantly more DEGs were found in the Agria variety, indicating a good stress response of this variety. "Abscisic acid and environmental stress-inducible protein TAS14-like" was the most overexpressed gene under drought conditions in both varieties, but expression differences were also found in numerous transcription factors and heat shock proteins. The principal GO term found was "cellular components", more specifically related to the cell membrane and the cell wall, but other metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism and osmotic adjustment were also identified. These results provide valuable information related to the molecular mechanisms of tolerance to water stress in order to establish the basis for breeding new, more tolerant varieties.
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Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar A, Dey A, Kumar R, Kumar D, Jaiswal A, Changan SS, Raigond P, Dutt S, Luthra SK, Mandal S, Singh MP, Paul V, Singh B. Mechanistic Concept of Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of the Potato Crop to Heat and Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212857. [PMID: 36365310 PMCID: PMC9654185 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Most cultivated potatoes are tetraploid, and the tuber is the main economic part that is consumed due to its calorific and nutritional values. Recent trends in climate change led to the frequent occurrence of heat and drought stress in major potato-growing regions worldwide. The optimum temperature for tuber production is 15-20 °C. High-temperature and water-deficient conditions during the growing season result in several morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations. The morphological changes under stress conditions may affect the process of stolon formation, tuberization, and bulking, ultimately affecting the tuber yield. This condition also affects the physiological responses, including an imbalance in the allocation of photoassimilates, respiration, water use efficiency, transpiration, carbon partitioning, and the source-sink relationship. The biochemical responses under stress conditions involve maintaining ionic homeostasis, synthesizing heat shock proteins, achieving osmolyte balance, and generating reactive oxygen species, ultimately affecting various biochemical pathways. Different networks that include both gene regulation and transcription factors are involved at the molecular level due to the combination of hot and water-deficient conditions. This article attempts to present an integrative content of physio-biochemical and molecular responses under the combined effects of heat and drought, prominent factors in climate change. Taking into account all of these aspects and responses, there is an immediate need for comprehensive screening of germplasm and the application of appropriate approaches and tactics to produce potato cultivars that perform well under drought and in heat-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); Tel.: +91-9718815448 (M.K.L.)
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); Tel.: +91-9718815448 (M.K.L.)
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | | | - Arvind Jaiswal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Jalandhar 144026, India
| | | | - Pinky Raigond
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Som Dutt
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | | | - Sayanti Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijay Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
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12
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Zinta R, Tiwari JK, Buckseth T, Thakur K, Goutam U, Kumar D, Challam C, Bhatia N, Poonia AK, Naik S, Singh RK, Thakur AK, Dalamu D, Luthra SK, Kumar V, Kumar M. Root system architecture for abiotic stress tolerance in potato: Lessons from plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926214. [PMID: 36212284 PMCID: PMC9539750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The root is an important plant organ, which uptakes nutrients and water from the soil, and provides anchorage for the plant. Abiotic stresses like heat, drought, nutrients, salinity, and cold are the major problems of potato cultivation. Substantial research advances have been achieved in cereals and model plants on root system architecture (RSA), and so root ideotype (e.g., maize) have been developed for efficient nutrient capture to enhance nutrient use efficiency along with genes regulating root architecture in plants. However, limited work is available on potatoes, with a few illustrations on root morphology in drought and nitrogen stress. The role of root architecture in potatoes has been investigated to some extent under heat, drought, and nitrogen stresses. Hence, this mini-review aims to update knowledge and prospects of strengthening RSA research by applying multi-disciplinary physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to abiotic stress tolerance to potatoes with lessons learned from model plants, cereals, and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasna Zinta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Lovely Professional University, Phagwada, Punjab, India
| | - Jagesh Kumar Tiwari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanuja Buckseth
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kanika Thakur
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Goutam
- Lovely Professional University, Phagwada, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Meerut, India
| | - Clarissa Challam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Shillong, India
| | - Nisha Bhatia
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj K. Poonia
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sharmistha Naik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh K. Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay K. Thakur
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dalamu Dalamu
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Satish K. Luthra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Meerut, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Meerut, India
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Site-Specific Evaluation of Canopy Resistance Models for Estimating Evapotranspiration over a Drip-Irrigated Potato Crop in Southern Chile under Water-Limited Conditions. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The evapotranspiration (ET) process is an essential component in many agricultural water management systems, and its estimation is even more determinant when crops are grown under water-limited environments. The traditional canopy resistance (rc) approaches were evaluated to simulate potato evapotranspiration (ETcp) using the original Penman–Monteith equation under different irrigation levels. A field study was carried out on a drip-irrigated potato crop (var. Puyehue INIA) located in the Research Center Carillanca (INIA), La Araucanía Region, Chile (38°41′ S, 72°24′ W, 188 m above sea level) during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The different irrigation levels were full irrigation (IL1), 75% of IL1 (IL2), and 60% of IL1 (IL3). The soil water content, morphological, physiological, meteorological, and micrometeorological variables were measured to calculate the different rc approaches and estimate ET for both growing evaluated seasons. The final values of estimated ETcp were compared to the soil water balance method (ETcpWB). The use of amphistomatous (LA) and hypostomatous (LH) rc approaches are the best alternative to estimate the ETcp on potato crops. The best estimation of ET was found for ETcpLA with an overestimation of 0.6% for IL1, 7.0% for IL2, and 13.0% for IL3, while for ETcpLH with underestimations of 12.0, 11.0 and 31.0% for IL1, IL2, and IL3, respectively. The lowest average values of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and index of agreement (d) were observed for ETcpLA in both IL1 and IL2 conditions, with values of 4.4 and 3.2 mm, 3.2 and 2.5 mm, and 0.82 and 0.87, respectively. More investigation is necessary on the plasticity of the morphological features of potato leaves and canopy geometry, as the stomatal water vapor flowing on the canopy surface could be affected, which is a key factor in the canopy resistance model for accurate ET estimation under soil-water-limited conditions.
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Castañeda-Murillo CC, Rojas-Ortiz JG, Sánchez-Reinoso AD, Chávez-Arias CC, Restrepo-Díaz H. Foliar brassinosteroid analogue (DI-31) sprays increase drought tolerance by improving plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency in lulo plants. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08977. [PMID: 35243095 PMCID: PMC8873547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of agronomic alternatives such as plant hormone sprays has been considered a tool to mitigate drought stress. This research aimed to evaluate the use of foliar brassinosteroid analogue DI-31 (BRs) sprays on plant growth, leaf exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and biochemical variables in lulo (Solanum quitoense L. cv. septentrionale) seedlings grown under drought stress conditions. Seedlings were grown in plastic pots (3 L) using a mix between peat and sand (1:1 v/v) as substrate. Lulo plants were subjected to drought stress by suppressing 100% of the water needs at 30–37 and 73–80 days after transplanting (DAT). Foliar BRs analogue (DI-31) sprays were carried out at four different rates (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mL of analogue per liter) at different times (30, 33, 44, 60, 73, and 76 DAT). Drought stress caused a reduction in the Fv/Fm ratio, leaf gas exchange properties, total biomass, and relative water content. Foliar DI-31 sprays enhanced leaf photosynthesis in well-watered (WW) (∼10.7 μmol m−2 s−1) or water-stressed plants (WS) (∼6.1 μmol m−2 s−1) when lulo plants were treated at a dose of 4 and 8 mL·L−1 compared to their respective controls (0 mL·L−1 for WW: 8.83 μmol m−2 s−1 and WS: 2.01 μmol m−2 s−1). Also, DI-31 sprays enhanced the photochemical efficiency of PSII, and plant growth. They also increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (TChl and Cx + c) and reduced lipid peroxidation of membranes (MDA) under drought conditions. The results allow us to suggest that the use of DI-31 at a dose of 4 or 8 mL·L−1 can be a tool for managing water stress conditions caused by low water availability in the soil in lulo-producing areas to face situations of moderate water deficit at different times of the year.
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Joshi N, Pathak A, Chandel Upadhyaya D, Naidu Krishna SB, Upadhyay CP. Synthesis of biocompatible Fe3O4 and MnO2 nanoparticles for enhanced tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Öztürk Gökçe ZN, Aksoy E, Bakhsh A, Demirel U, Çalışkan S, Çalışkan ME. Combined drought and heat stresses trigger different sets of miRNAs in contrasting potato cultivars. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:489-502. [PMID: 34241734 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are responsible for regulation of gene expression during plant growth and development. Although there are many studies on miRNAs in other plants, little work has been done to understand the role of miRNAs in abiotic stress tolerance in potatoes. This study investigates changes in miRNA profiles of two different potato cultivars (tolerant, Unica and susceptible, Russet Burbank) in response to heat, drought and their combination. Transcriptomic studies revealed that miRNA profiles depend on the susceptibility and tolerance of the cultivar and also the stress conditions. Large number of miRNAs were expressed in Unica, whereas Russet Burbank indicated lesser number of changes in miRNA expression. Physiological and transcriptional results clearly supported that Unica cultivar is tolerant to combined drought and heat stress compared to Russet Burbank. Moreover, psRNATarget analysis predicted that major miRNAs identified were targeting genes playing important roles in response to drought and heat stress and their important roles in genetic and post-transcriptional regulation, root development, auxin responses and embryogenesis were also observed. This study focused on eight miRNAs (Novel_8, Novel_9, Novel_105, miR156d-3p, miR160a-5p, miR162a-3p, miR172b-3p and miR398a-5p) and their putative targets where results indicate that they may play a vital role at different post-transcriptional levels against drought and heat stresses. We suggest that miRNA overexpression in plants can lead to increased tolerance against abiotic stresses; furthermore, there should be more emphasis on the studies to investigate the role of miRNAs in combined abiotic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Neslihan Öztürk Gökçe
- Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey.
| | - Emre Aksoy
- Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Demirel
- Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Çalışkan
- Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Çalışkan
- Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
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Martínez I, Muñoz M, Acuña I, Uribe M. Evaluating the Drought Tolerance of Seven Potato Varieties on Volcanic Ash Soils in a Medium-Term Trial. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:693060. [PMID: 34249064 PMCID: PMC8267521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.693060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the main factors limiting the productivity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is water stress. Two irrigation systems: full irrigation (I) and rainfed conditions (R), were compared over the growing seasons from 2012-13 to 2019-20. The evaluated varieties were Desiree, Karú-INIA, Patagonia-INIA, Puyehue-INIA, Yagana-INIA, Yaike, and Porvenir. This study determined (i) the yield and tuber size distribution, (ii) their relationship between productivity and environmental conditions, and (iii) the most drought-tolerant varieties based on drought tolerance indices. Nine indices including yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (Harm), stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean productivity (HMP), yield reduction (Yr), and stress susceptible index (SSI) were calculated by using tuber yield under I and R conditions. Tuber yield under R conditions decreased by 27 and 34%. However, the highest yield under R conditions occurred in years with more precipitation between 60 and 120 days after planting (DAP; ±60 mm). Under R conditions, the varieties Porvenir, Patagonia-INIA, Yaike, and Puyehue-INIA showed more tolerance to water stress. Water stress negatively affected tuber size distribution, reducing the production of tubers with size >65 mm by 50-60%. The best indices to study drought tolerance were TOL, MP, GMP, Harm, STI, and HMP. This study suggests that in southern Chile, an area with big yield potential, typically cultivated as rainfed, with cool temperate climate conditions and favorable soil properties for potatoes, as Andisols, available rainfall is still a constraint for yield. Therefore, using more water stress-tolerant varieties and providing supplementary irrigation between 60 and 120 DAP are critical to optimize yield and avoid the failure of the crop in years with remarkably low precipitations, which will be more pronounced in the future according to weather trends. These results exemplify how much we can lose in productivity in rainfed conditions even in one of the most favorable areas for growing potatoes in the world and how risky this situation can be for the performance of the potato farms in the future.
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Unravelling Differences in Candidate Genes for Drought Tolerance in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) by Use of New Functional Microsatellite Markers. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040494. [PMID: 33800602 PMCID: PMC8067248 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is regarded as drought sensitive and most vulnerable to climate changes. Its cultivation in drought prone regions or under conditions of more frequent drought periods, especially in subtropical areas, requires intensive research to improve drought tolerance in order to guarantee high yields under limited water supplies. A candidate gene approach was used to develop functional simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for association studies in potato with the aim to enhance breeding for drought tolerance. SSR primer combinations, mostly surrounding interrupted complex and compound repeats, were derived from 103 candidate genes for drought tolerance. Validation of the SSRs was performed in an association panel representing 34 mainly starch potato cultivars. Seventy-five out of 154 SSR primer combinations (49%) resulted in polymorphic, highly reproducible banding patterns with polymorphic information content (PIC) values between 0.11 and 0.90. Five SSR markers identified allelic differences between the potato cultivars that showed significant associations with drought sensitivity. In all cases, the group of drought-sensitive cultivars showed predominantly an additional allele, indicating that selection against these alleles by marker-assisted breeding might confer drought tolerance. Further studies of these differences in the candidate genes will elucidate their role for an improved performance of potatoes under water-limited conditions.
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