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Becker AS, van der Valk Bouman ES, Schaap J, de Vos CC, van Eijck K, Jeekel H, Klimek M. A multidisciplinary approach on music induced-analgesia differentiated by socio-cultural background in healthy volunteers (MOSART): A cross-over randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 39:101313. [PMID: 38881543 PMCID: PMC11179059 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating music into pain treatment demonstrates significant benefits, effectively reducing subjective pain levels and perioperative opioid requirements. Currently, the relationship between the impact of specific types of music and listeners' socio-cultural background is still unclear. This is especially relevant given that sociological research indicates that these factors can have a notable influence on music preference and perception. Current evidence suggests that individuals who choose their own music may experience greater benefits. However, additional research is needed to comprehensively grasp whether the effect of (preferred) music on pain endurance remains consistent across different socio-cultural backgrounds. Methods In this study, a collaborative effort between medical and sociological researchers aims to investigate music-induced analgesia differentiated by socio-cultural background in healthy volunteers. Participants (n = 84) will listen to self-, and researcher-chosen music and a podcast as a control condition in a cross-over study design. The primary outcome of this study is pain endurance measured by electric stimuli of increasing intensity. Detailed sociological validated questionnaires will be utilized. Considering the notable influence of educational level on music taste formation found in previous research and its crucial role as a source of socio-cultural differentiation, participants will be stratified based on their level of education. Discussion This experimental study represents one of the first efforts to gain a socio-culturally differentiated understanding of the therapeutic potential of music. Consequently, this could pave the way to purposefully and inclusively implement personalized music in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia S Becker
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Julian Schaap
- Department of Arts and Culture Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van Eijck
- Department of Arts and Culture Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Jeekel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Klimek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Wilson JM, Franqueiro AR, Edwards RR, Chai PR, Schreiber KL. Individuals with fibromyalgia report greater pain sensitivity than healthy adults while listening to their favorite music: the contribution of negative affect. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2024; 25:352-361. [PMID: 38291916 PMCID: PMC11063746 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of favorite music on pain processing among individuals with fibromyalgia. We also examined differences in pain processing between individuals with fibromyalgia and healthy controls (HC) while listening to favorite music and explored whether psychosocial factors contributed to these differences. METHODS Individuals with fibromyalgia and HC completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires and then underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) during 3 randomized music conditions (meditative music, favorite music, white noise). Among individuals with fibromyalgia, Friedman tests were used to investigate differences in QST across conditions. Analyses of Covariance were used to examine group (HC vs fibromyalgia) differences in QST during favorite music. Correlations were conducted to explore associations of baseline psychosocial factors with QST during favorite music. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether psychosocial factors contributed to greater pain sensitivity among individuals with fibromyalgia compared to HC during favorite music. RESULTS Individuals with fibromyalgia were less sensitive to pressure pain while listening to their favorite music compared to white noise. Compared to HC, individuals with fibromyalgia reported higher baseline negative affect and lower pain thresholds and tolerances during favorite music. Negative affect partially mediated the relationship between pain status (HC vs fibromyalgia) and pain sensitivity during favorite music. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with fibromyalgia were less pain sensitive while listening to favorite music than white noise, although they were more sensitive than HC. Greater negative affect endorsed by individuals with fibromyalgia contributed to their greater pain sensitivity. Future studies should explore the impact of favorite music on clinical pain. CLINICAL TRAILS REGISTRATION This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04087564) and began on 6/13/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Angelina R Franqueiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Peter R Chai
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- The Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02139, United States
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Kristin L Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Tabrizi R, Shourmaej Y, Pourdanesh F, Shafiei S, Moslemi H. Does lifestyle modification (physical exercise and listening to music) improve symptoms in patients with a temporomandibular disorder? A randomized clinical trial. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2024; 15:55-58. [PMID: 38690258 PMCID: PMC11057608 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_23_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to compare pain relief in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with or without lifestyle modification. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial was performed on patients with TMD, who did not regularly exercise or listen to music. The participants were allocated into two groups. In the treatment group, the participants were instructed to exercise five times or more per week (30 minutes per session) and listen to the music of their choice five times or more per week (15 minutes per session) for 12 weeks. In the control group, the participants had their usual lifestyle without any modifications. The participants were examined for clicking and crepitus in the joint and maximum mouth opening before and after the intervention. The pain severity was also documented based on a visual analog scale. Results Thirty five patients were studied in each group. Twelve weeks after the intervention, the mean pain severity was 2.70 ± 0.73 in the treatment group and 4.63 ± 0.77 in the control group. The results of data analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean pain severity at 12 weeks after the intervention (P <.001). Conclusions Lifestyle modification through physical exercise and listening to music may reduce pain in TMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabrizi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Shourmaej
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Pourdanesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Shafiei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moslemi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sorkpor SK, Miao H, Moore C, Johnson CM, Maria DMS, Pollonini L, Ahn H. Listening to Remotely Monitored Home-based Preferred Music for Pain in Older Black Adults with Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Acceptability. Pain Manag Nurs 2023; 24:e102-e108. [PMID: 37482453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a complex condition that is widespread among older Black adults. Nonpharmacologic interventions are recommended as first-line therapy, but their use in practice is limited, possibly due to misunderstanding of their analgesic characteristics. AIM To determine the feasibility and acceptability of listening to preferred music at home to relieve pain in older Black adults aged 65 years or older with LBP. METHOD We recruited 20 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) with LBP to use noise-isolating headphones to listen to their preferred music for 20 minutes twice daily for four days via the MUSIC CARE® app. Feasibility was determined using enrollment, adherence, and attrition rates, and acceptability was determined using the Treatment Acceptance and Preference (TAP) scale. Average pain scores were self-reported using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) after the second intervention of the day. Pain scores were evaluated using paired sample t test and repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Enrollment, adherence, and attrition rates were 95.25%, 100.00%, and 0.00%, respectively. Most participants rated the TAP scale at ≥3, indicating acceptance. Pain scores decreased significantly from baseline (M = 46.90, SD = 21.47) to post-intervention (M = 35.70, SD = 16.57), t (19) = 2.29, p = .03. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in mean pain scores over time [F (2.36, 44.88) = 5.61, p = .004, η2 = .23]. CONCLUSIONS Listening to preferred music for 20 minutes twice a day is a feasible and acceptable intervention that can considerably reduce pain in older Black adults with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Sorkpor
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
| | - Hongyu Miao
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Carolyn Moore
- School of Music, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas
| | - Constance M Johnson
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Diane M Santa Maria
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Luca Pollonini
- Departments of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Texas
| | - Hyochol Ahn
- University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona
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Fougère M, Greco-Vuilloud J, Arnous C, Abel F, Lowe C, Elie V, Marchand S. Sensory stimulations potentializing digital therapeutics pain control. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1168377. [PMID: 37745799 PMCID: PMC10511651 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1168377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past two decades, using Digital Therapeutics (DTx) to counter painful symptoms has emerged as a novel pain relief strategy. Several studies report that DTx significantly diminish pain while compensating for the limitations of pharmacological analgesics (e.g., addiction, side effects). Virtual reality (VR) is a major component of the most effective DTx for pain reduction. Notably, various stimuli (e.g., auditory, visual) appear to be frequently associated with VR in DTx. This review aims to compare the hypoalgesic power of specific stimuli with or without a VR environment. First, this review will briefly describe VR technology and known elements related to its hypoalgesic effect. Second, it will non-exhaustively list various stimuli known to have a hypoalgesic effect on pain independent of the immersive environment. Finally, this review will focus on studies that investigate a possible potentialized effect on pain reduction of these stimuli in a VR environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serge Marchand
- Lucine, Bordeaux, France
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Colebaugh CA, Wilson JM, Flowers KM, Overstreet D, Wang D, Edwards RR, Chai PR, Schreiber KL. The Impact of Varied Music Applications on Pain Perception and Situational Pain Catastrophizing. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1181-1192. [PMID: 36646399 PMCID: PMC10329987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated how pain processing and situational pain catastrophizing differed between 2 music interventions (Unwind and favorite music) and a control condition (white noise). Healthy adults (n = 70) completed quantitative sensory testing (QST) measuring pressure pain threshold (PPTh) and tolerance (PPTol), heat pain threshold (HPTh), offset analgesia (OA), temporal summation of pain (TSP), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Participants completed 3 QST rounds with the presence of white noise (control condition), a relaxing music app (Unwind), and their favorite music, which were presented in a randomized order. The Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale was completed after each round. Friedman tests and post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare pain processing and catastrophizing across the 3 conditions. Participants' PPTh, PPTol, and HPTh were significantly higher during the favorite music condition compared to the other 2 conditions, indicating lower pain sensitivity when listening to favorite music. In contrast, OA was lower in the favorite music condition. Although TSP and CPM were induced by the QST paradigm, these did not differ across the 3 conditions. Situational pain catastrophizing was also significantly lower during the favorite music condition. Several measures of pain sensitivity and situational pain catastrophizing were lower when listening to favorite music compared to relaxing music or white noise. More research is necessary to determine the mechanism(s) by which music modulates pain processing. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents evidence that participant-chosen favorite music can alter several aspects of nociceptive processing, including catastrophic thinking about pain, compared to white noise or relaxing music. Employing an individual's favorite music during episodic or procedural pain might represent a cost effective adjunctive analgesic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin A Colebaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jenna M Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K Mikayla Flowers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Demario Overstreet
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter R Chai
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; The Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristin L Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu N, Huo J, Li Y, Hao Y, Dai N, Wu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Changes in brain structure and related functional connectivity during menstruation in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:1071-1082. [PMID: 36819245 PMCID: PMC9929379 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroimaging studies have identified altered brain structures and functions in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). However, previous studies focused on either structural or functional changes in specific brain regions rather than combining structural and functional analysis. Therefore, this prospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the changes in whole brain structure, and functional variation along with structural abnormalities in women with PDM during menstruation. Methods In all, 31 patients with PDM (PTs) and 31 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) analyses were applied to investigate structural changes based on high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed to evaluate functional variations related to the brain regions that showed structural group differences. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between neuroimaging changes and clinical measures. Results Compared to HCs, PTs had reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and reduced thickness in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), left postcentral gyrus (PoCG), and left superior occipital gyrus (SOG). Among these areas, the STG and PoCG are responsible for altered resting-state FC patterns in PTs. Results showed decreased FC between the STG and the left cerebellar posterior lobe (poCb), the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the left precentral gyrus (PrCG). Results also showed decreased FC between the PoCG and the right precuneus and the right DLPFC. We also found greater FCs between the PoCG and the bilateral poCb, the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the left angular gyrus. In addition, the FCs between the STG and poCb, and DLPFC in PTs were positively correlated with history and Cox menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) scores, respectively, while the FCs between STG and PrCG were negatively correlated with the onset age of PDM. Conclusions Our research found structural abnormalities and related FC changes in several brain regions that were mainly involved in the emotional and sensory aspects of menstrual pain in PDM. These findings could help us understand the occurrence of PDM from a neuroimaging perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Huo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Dai
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junchen Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Mercadillo RE, Garza-Villarreal EA. Case Report: " I got my brain back" A patient's experience with music-induced analgesia for chronic pain. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1141829. [PMID: 37187565 PMCID: PMC10175678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Listening to music has progressively been proposed as a complementary alternative for chronic pain; understanding its properties and its neurobiological bases is urgent. We show a phenomenological investigation of a woman who has lived 20 years with chronic pain. The inquiry involved her experience of the context in which she listens to music, the intensity and quality of pain, body mapping, memories, emotions, and cognition. The participant listens to music for different reasons, such as pain and anxiety relief, motivation to exercise, and quality of sleep, but all seem to revolve around different strategies for pain management. Experiences in physiological and cognitive aspects included perceived restorative sleep that may have improved the participant's general wellbeing and improved cognitive and motor performance as well as communication skills. The music enabled the participant not only to relieve pain but also withdrawal effects after discontinuing her opioid-based treatment. These effects may encompass endogenous opioid and dopamine mechanisms involving natural analgesia associated with pleasurable experiences. Future studies could consider phenomenological case studies and therapeutic accompaniment to reorient subjective properties of pain and expand quantitative and qualitative knowledge for more comprehensive reports on music and analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto E. Mercadillo
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal,
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See C, Ng M, Ignacio J. Effectiveness of music interventions in reducing pain and anxiety of patients in pediatric and adult emergency departments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Emerg Nurs 2023; 66:101231. [PMID: 36528945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine See
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Matthew Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Jeanette Ignacio
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore.
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Schneider L, Egle UT, Klinger D, Schulz W, Villringer A, Fritz TH. Effects of active musical engagement during physical exercise on anxiety, pain and motivation in patients with chronic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:944181. [DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.944181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of anxiety is central to the development of chronic pain. Music listening has been previously shown to exert analgesic effects. Here we tested if an active engagement in music making is more beneficial than music listening in terms of anxiety and pain levels during physical activity that is often avoided in patients with chronic pain. We applied a music feedback paradigm that combines music making and sports exercise, and which has been previously shown to enhance mood. We explored this method as an intervention to potentially reduce anxiety in a group of patients with chronic pain (N = 24, 20 female and 4 men; age range 34–64, M = 51.67, SD = 6.84) and with various anxiety levels. All participants performed two conditions: one condition, Jymmin, where exercise equipment was modified with music feedback so that it could be played like musical instruments by groups of three. Second, a conventional workout condition where groups of three performed exercise on the same devices but where they listened to the same type of music passively. Participants' levels of anxiety, mood, pain and self-efficacy were assessed with standardized psychological questionnaires before the experiment and after each condition. Results demonstrate that exercise with musical feedback reduced anxiety values in patients with chronic pain significantly as compared to conventional workout with passive music listening. There were no significant overall changes in pain, but patients with greater anxiety levels compared to those with moderate anxiety levels were observed to potentially benefit more from the music feedback intervention in terms of alleviation of pain. Furthermore, it was observed that patients during Jymmin more strongly perceived motivation through others. The observed diminishing effects of Jymmin on anxiety have a high clinical relevance, and in a longer term the therapeutic application could help to break the Anxiety Loop of Pain, reducing chronic pain. The intervention method, however, also has immediate benefits to chronic pain rehabilitation, increasing the motivation to work out, and facilitating social bonding.
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Lad D, Wilkins A, Johnstone E, Vuong QC. Feeling the music: The feel and sound of songs attenuate pain. Br J Pain 2022; 16:518-527. [PMID: 36389008 PMCID: PMC9644099 DOI: 10.1177/20494637221097786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has demonstrated that music and touch can separately attenuate perceived pain intensity. However, little research has investigated how auditory and tactile stimulation can synergistically enhance pain attenuation by music. In the current study, we investigated whether tactile stimulation can enhance music-induced analgesia for noxious force stimulation on the fingertip. METHODS We systematically applied force to 34 listeners' fingertips to induce pain. We then compared the force measurement (in Newton) that gave rise to the same perceived moderate pain intensity when listeners were presented their self-selected liked or disliked song with auditory-only, tactile-only and auditory-tactile stimulation. Higher force indicated less perceived pain. The tactile stimulation were low-frequency modulations extracted from the songs and presented as vibrations on the wrist. RESULTS The results showed a significant interaction between song preference and stimulation condition. Listeners had higher force measurements at the same moderate pain for their liked compared to disliked song only in the auditory-tactile condition. They also had higher force measurements for their liked song with auditory-tactile stimulation compared to the other remaining conditions except for the liked song with auditory-only stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The addition of tactile stimulation enhanced music-induced analgesia which reduced subjective pain intensity. The findings suggest that combined auditory and tactile stimulation may increase the affective content of self-selected preferred music, which may stimulate affective and motivation mechanisms which inhibit pain transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhillon Lad
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alex Wilkins
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Johnstone
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Quoc C Vuong
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Lepping RJ, McMillan ML, Chadwick AL, Mansour ZM, Martin LE, Gustafson KM. Autonomic nervous system markers of music-elicited analgesia in people with fibromyalgia: A double-blind randomized pilot study. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:953118. [PMID: 36185772 PMCID: PMC9521378 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.953118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of using music listening by adults with fibromyalgia (FM) as a potential tool for reducing pain sensitivity. Patients and methods We report results from a double-blind two-arm parallel randomized pilot study (NCT04059042) in nine participants with FM. Pain tolerance and threshold were measured objectively using quantitative sensory tests; autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity was measured with an electrocardiogram. Participants were randomized to listen to instrumental Western Classical music or a nature sound control to test whether music listening elicits greater analgesic effects over simple auditory distraction. Participants also completed separate control testing with no sound that was counterbalanced between participants. Results Participants were randomized 1:1 to music or nature sounds (four Music and five Nature). Although the groups were not different on FM scores, the Music group had marginally worse temporal pain summation (p = 0.06), and the Nature group had higher anxiety scores (p < 0.05). Outcome measures showed a significant difference between groups in the magnitude of change in temporal summation between sessions (p < 0.05), revealing that the Nature group had greater pain reduction during audio compared to silence mode, while the Music group had no difference between the sessions. No significant effects were observed for either mechanical pain tolerance or ANS testing. Within the Music group, there was a trend of vagal response increase from baseline to music listening, but it did not reach statistical significance; this pattern was not observed in the Nature group. Conclusion Auditory listening significantly altered pain responses. There may be a greater vagal response to music vs. nature sounds; however, results could be due to group differences in pain and anxiety. This line of study will help in determining whether music could be prophylactic for people with FM when acute pain is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Lepping
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,*Correspondence: Rebecca J. Lepping
| | - Miranda L. McMillan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Andrea L. Chadwick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Zaid M. Mansour
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,Department for McMillan and Chadwick, Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Gustafson
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common problem in modern society. It is associated with reduced quality of life and impairments in physical and mental health. Listening to music is widely used as a sleep aid, but it remains unclear if it can actually improve insomnia in adults. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review published in 2015. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of listening to music on sleep in adults with insomnia and to assess the influence of specific variables that may moderate the effect. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, nine other databases and two trials registers up to December 2021. In addition, we handsearched reference lists of included studies, and contacted authors of published studies to identify additional studies eligible for inclusion, including any unpublished or ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of listening to music with no treatment or treatment as usual (TAU) in adults complaining of sleep difficulties. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened records for eligibility, selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. The primary outcomes were sleep quality, insomnia severity, sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep interruption, sleep efficiency and adverse events. Data on the predefined outcome measures were included in meta-analyses when consistently reported by at least two studies that were homogeneous in terms of participants, interventions and outcomes. We undertook meta-analyses using random-effects models. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 studies (eight studies new to this update) comprising 1007 participants. The studies examined the effect of listening to prerecorded music daily, for 25 to 60 minutes, for a period of three days to three months. The risk of bias within the studies varied, with all studies being at high risk of performance bias, because of limited possibilities to blind participants to the music intervention. Some studies were at high risk of detection bias or other bias. Four studies reported funding from national research councils, three studies reported financial support from university sources and one study reported a grant from a private foundation. Five studies did not report any financial support. At the end of the intervention, we found moderate-certainty evidence for improved sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in themusic groups compared to no intervention or TAU (mean difference (MD) -2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.86 to -1.72; 10 studies, 708 participants). The PSQI scale ranges from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating poorer sleep. The size of the effect indicates an increase in sleep quality of the size of about one standard deviation in favour of the intervention. We found no clear evidence of a difference in the effects of listening to music compared to no treatment or TAU on insomnia severity (MD -6.96, 95% CI -15.21 to 1.28; 2 studies, 63 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We found low-certainty evidence that, compared to no treatment or TAU, listening to music may reduce problems with sleep-onset latency (MD -0.60, 95% CI -0.83 to -0.37; 3 studies, 197 participants), total sleep time (MD -0.69, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.23; 3 studies, 197 participants) and sleep efficiency (MD -0.96, 95% CI -1.38 to -0.54; 3 studies, 197 participants), but may have no effect on perceived sleep interruption (MD -0.53, 95% CI -1.47 to 0.40; 3 studies, 197 participants). In addition, three studies (136 participants) included objective measures of sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency and sleep interruption and showed that listening to music may not improve these outcomes compared to no treatment or TAU. None of the included studies reported any adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review provide evidence that music may be effective for improving subjective sleep quality in adults with symptoms of insomnia. More research is needed to establish the effect of listening to music on other aspects of sleep as well as the daytime consequences of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Jespersen
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor Pando-Naude
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Poul Jennum
- Danish Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Sihvonen AJ, Pitkäniemi A, Särkämö T, Soinila S. Isn't There Room for Music in Chronic Pain Management? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1143-1150. [PMID: 35124251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain with its comorbidities, such as depression, insomnia, and social deprivation, is a major cause of disability and health-economic burden. Insufficient response to pain medication and potentially serious adverse effects have led the majority of chronic pain patients to seek relief from non-pharmacological remedies. Along with this trend, pain research has paid increasing interest in critical evaluation of various complementary treatments. Music-based treatments have emerged as an efficacious and safe means to enhance the management of acute and chronic pain. We review the current position of music-based interventions in the treatment of chronic pain and present explanations for the analgesic effects of music through modulation of the primary nociception and discuss the contribution of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system to the affective component of pain perception. We propose ways to translate the novel theoretical understanding into clinical practice in different health care settings, primary health care in particular, and discuss the preconditions of successful implementation. We argue that music interventions provide low-cost, easily applicable complementary pain treatments not requiring heavy utilization of health care resources. Finally, we provide research and quality improvement frameworks and make suggestions to cover the gaps of existing evidence. PERSPECTIVE: This article addresses the current evidence for analgesic effects of music interventions, discusses its neurobiological basis and evaluates potential use of music in treating chronic pain patients in different health care settings. We also propose directions for future research to cover shortages in the currently published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Anni Pitkäniemi
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital and Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Finland
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15
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Crawford LS, Boorman DC, Keay KA, Henderson LA. The pain conductor: brainstem modulation in acute and chronic pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2022; 16:71-77. [PMID: 35639572 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well established in experimental settings that brainstem circuits powerfully modulate the multidimensional experience of pain. This review summarizes current understanding of the roles of brainstem nuclei in modulating the intensity of pain, and how these circuits might be recruited therapeutically for pain relief in chronic and palliative settings. RECENT FINDINGS The development of ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging and more robust statistical analyses has led to a more integrated understanding of brainstem function during pain. It is clear that a number of brainstem nuclei and their overlapping pathways are recruited to either enhance or inhibit incoming nociceptive signals. This review reflects on early preclinical research, which identified in detail brainstem analgesic function, putting into context contemporary investigations in humans that have identified the role of specific brainstem circuits in modulating pain, their contribution to pain chronicity, and even the alleviation of palliative comorbidities. SUMMARY The brainstem is an integral component of the circuitry underpinning pain perception. Enhanced understanding of its circuitry in experimental studies in humans has, in recent years, increased the possibility for better optimized pain-relief strategies and the identification of vulnerabilities to postsurgical pain problems. When integrated into the clinical landscape, these experimental findings of brainstem modulation of pain signalling have the potential to contribute to the optimization of pain management and patient care from acute, to chronic, to palliative states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis S Crawford
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Powers JM, Ioachim G, Stroman PW. Music to My Senses: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Music Analgesia Across Connectivity Networks Spanning the Brain and Brainstem. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:878258. [PMID: 35663249 PMCID: PMC9160574 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.878258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is often viewed and studied as an isolated perception. However, cognition, emotion, salience effects, and autonomic and sensory input are all integrated to create a comprehensive experience. Music-induced analgesia has been used for thousands of years, with moderate behavioural effects on pain perception, yet the neural mechanisms remain ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music analgesia through individual ratings of pain, and changes in connectivity across a network of regions spanning the brain and brainstem that are involved in limbic, paralimbic, autonomic, cognitive, and sensory domains. This is the first study of its kind to assess the effects of music analgesia using complex network analyses in the human brain and brainstem. Functional MRI data were collected from 20 healthy men and women with concurrent presentation of noxious stimulation and music, in addition to control runs without music. Ratings of peak pain intensity and unpleasantness were collected for each run and were analysed in relation to the functional data. We found that music alters connectivity across these neural networks between regions such as the insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus (among others), and is impacted by individual pain sensitivity. While these differences are important for how we understand pain and analgesia, it is essential to note that these effects are variable across participants and provide moderate pain relief at best. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy involving music should use it as an adjunct to pain management in combination with healthy lifestyle changes and/or pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M. Powers
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriela Ioachim
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick W. Stroman
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patrick W. Stroman
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17
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Schneider L, Gossé L, Montgomery M, Wehmeier M, Villringer A, Fritz TH. Components of Active Music Interventions in Therapeutic Settings—Present and Future Applications. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050622. [PMID: 35625009 PMCID: PMC9139247 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Musical interventions in therapy have become increasingly relevant for rehabilitation in many clinics. What was long known for physiotherapy training—that the agency of the participant is crucial and moving is much more efficient for rehabilitation success than being moved—has over recent years also been shown to be true for music therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that active musical interventions are especially efficient at helping rehabilitation success. Here, we review various approaches to active music therapy. Furthermore, we present several components that allow for manipulating musical expressiveness and physical engagement during active musical interventions, applying a technology-based music feedback paradigm. This paper will allow for a transfer of insights to other domains of music-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (M.W.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.H.F.)
| | - Louisa Gossé
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK;
| | - Max Montgomery
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (M.W.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM), Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz Wehmeier
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (M.W.); (A.V.)
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (M.W.); (A.V.)
| | - Thomas Hans Fritz
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (M.W.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM), Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.H.F.)
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18
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Healthy Dwelling: Design of Biophilic Interior Environments Fostering Self-Care Practices for People Living with Migraines, Chronic Pain, and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042248. [PMID: 35206441 PMCID: PMC8871637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of biophilic interior design have been recognized by healthcare facilities, but residential environments receive relatively less attention with respect to improving the health of people living with chronic diseases. Recent “stay-at-home” restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic further emphasized the importance of creating interior spaces that directly and indirectly support physical and mental health. In this viewpoint article, we discuss opportunities for combining biophilic interventions with interior design, fostering disease-specific self-care. We provide examples of designing residential spaces integrating biophilic interventions, light therapy, relaxation opportunities, mindfulness meditation, listening to music, physical activities, aromatherapy, and quality sleep. These modalities can provide the clinical benefits of reducing migraine headaches and chronic pain, as well as improving depressive symptoms. The disease-specific interior environment can be incorporated into residential homes, workplaces, assisted-living residences, hospitals and hospital at home programs. This work aims to promote a cross-disciplinary dialogue towards combining biophilic design and advances in lifestyle medicine to create therapeutic interior environments and to improve healthcare outcomes.
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19
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Calamassi D, Li Vigni ML, Fumagalli C, Gheri F, Pomponi GP, Bambi S. The Listening to music tuned to 440 Hz versus 432 Hz to reduce anxiety and stress in emergency nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022149. [PMID: 35545982 PMCID: PMC9534204 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93is2.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Healthcare providers in the emergency first response units have been exposed to a considerable stress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study was designed to identify the effects of listening to music during the work break compared to the routine break (in the absence of listening to music) on the level of state anxiety and on the vital parameters of the nurses on duty at the operations center. METHODS Randomized, controlled, three-arm, double-blind, single-center clinical study. Healthcare providers were divided into three groups according to study intervention (Group 1: listening to 440Hz music; Group 2: listening to 432Hz music; Group 3: liberal activity). The study was conducted during the working hours of dayshifts in an emergency first response unit station located in Tuscany, Italy. Outcomes were measured against measures of stress (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAIX1), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), pain and productivity (Likert Scale) measured at baseline (T0) and at the end of exposure (T1). RESULTS Overall, 54 healthcare providers were enrolled; 32 females (59.3%); mean age of 39.64 years (SD±9.94); the total measurements performed were 83. The median values of STAI X1 decreased in all the 3 groups from T0 to T1 (Group 1: 34.5 vs. 32, p=0.0001; Group 2: 34 vs. 29, p=0.001; Group 3: 33 vs. 31, p=0.028). In Group 2 a reduction of mean values of respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure was recorded at T1 (-2.714 b/min, p=0.000 and -3.821 mmHg, p=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Listening to music at 432 Hz is a low cost and short intervention that can be a useful resource to manage anxiety and stress. Further studies are needed to assess medium and long-term effects of listening to music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Calamassi
- University and Continuing Education Center, AUSL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | - Myriam Letizia Li Vigni
- Department of Neuroanesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Fumagalli
- Department of Experimental and clinical medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Flavio Gheri
- Territorial Emergency 118 Florence-Prato, AUSL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bambi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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20
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Basiński K, Zdun-Ryżewska A, Greenberg DM, Majkowicz M. Preferred musical attribute dimensions underlie individual differences in music-induced analgesia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8622. [PMID: 33883585 PMCID: PMC8060431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Music-induced analgesia (MIA) is a phenomenon that describes a situation in which listening to music influences pain perception. The heterogeneity of music used in MIA studies leads to a problem of a specific effect for an unspecified stimulus. To address this, we use a previously established model of musical preferences that categorizes the multidimensional sonic space of music into three basic dimensions: arousal, valence and depth. Participants entered an experimental pain stimulation while listening to compilations of short musical excerpts characteristic of each of the three attribute dimensions. The results showed an effect on the part of music attribute preferences on average pain, maximal pain, and pain tolerance after controlling for musical attributes and order effects. This suggests that individual preferences for music attributes play a significant role in MIA and that, in clinical contexts, music should not be chosen arbitrarily but according to individual preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Basiński
- Department of Quality of Life Research, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agata Zdun-Ryżewska
- Department of Quality of Life Research, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - David M Greenberg
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences & Department of Music, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikołaj Majkowicz
- Department of Health Science, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
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21
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Howlin C, Rooney B. Cognitive agency in music interventions: Increased perceived control of music predicts increased pain tolerance. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1712-1722. [PMID: 33864330 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-selected music is consistently found to be the strongest predictor for successful music listening interventions in pain management contexts, but the specific cognitive mechanisms that mediate these effects are currently unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to isolate the role of cognitive agency on pain tolerance in music listening interventions, independently from parallel effects related to enjoyment. Additionally, the study examines the role of intramusical features and individual attributes related to musical engagement. METHODS Fifty-two participants completed a repeated measures experiment, which involved listening to six different pieces of music while completing the cold pressor task. Cognitive agency was operationalized by giving participants different degrees of perceived control over the music selection, when in fact it was pre-determined by the experimenter. RESULTS A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyse the impact of perceived choice and intramusical features on pain tolerance measured in terms of duration on the cold pressor task, pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. Increased levels of perceived choice predicted increases in pain tolerance when enjoyment was accounted for. Individual levels of trait empathy and sophisticated emotional engagement with music also contributed to the effects. Intramusical features did not predict increases in pain tolerance. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the reason self-selected music is particularly effective in reducing pain is related to the act of making a choice over the music itself. This study provides support for the cognitive vitality model and emphasizes the importance of giving people as much control as possible in music interventions. SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies that the act of selecting music contributes to increases in pain tolerance in parallel with the independent factor of enjoyment. This provides support for the role of cognitive agency in mediating the analgesic effects of music interventions, which suggests that people should be given as much control as possible in music interventions. Additionally, this study identifies specific individual attributes related to emotional engagement and empathy that amplify the effect of cognitive agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Howlin
- Trinity Centre for Healthcare Practice and Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Psychology of Media and Entertainment Lab, School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Choi S, Park SG. Effects of anxiety-related psychological states on music-induced analgesia in cold pressor pain responses. Explore (NY) 2021; 18:25-30. [PMID: 33846083 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The analgesic effect of music has long been reported. OBJECTIVE To assess how anxiety-related psychological states affect the analgesic effect of music using the cold pressor task (CPT). DESIGN A 3-period × 3-sequence crossover design was adopted; three conditions were used: "no sound," "music-listening," and "news-listening." SETTING PARTICIPANTS: Forty-nine participants were included. INTERVENTIONS After completing five anxiety-related psychological instruments (Anxiety Sensitivity Index [ASI]-16, ASI-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]-S, STAI-T, and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20), the participants were allocated to the low- or high-anxiety group. The high- and low-anxiety groups were defined based on cutoff points according to the distributions and characteristics of the five instruments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain responses, such as pain tolerance time, pain intensity, and pain unpleasantness, were measured on the CPT. Pain responses in the music-listening condition were also compared to those in the other two conditions via pairwise comparisons within each anxiety group. RESULTS The Cronbach alpha of the five instruments ranged from 0.866 to 0.95, indicating that they were reliable. Pain responses in the music-listening condition in the low-anxiety groups based on any of the five scales were significantly different from those in the other conditions, but this effect was not found in the high-anxiety groups. This study demonstrates that anxiety-related psychological states can predict the analgesic effect of music on pain responses measured by the CPT and suggests that music may be beneficial as a pain management tool in low-anxiety groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvin Choi
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gue Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Hunt AM, Fachner J, Clark-Vetri R, Raffa RB, Rupnow-Kidd C, Maidhof C, Dileo C. Neuronal Effects of Listening to Entrainment Music Versus Preferred Music in Patients With Chronic Cancer Pain as Measured via EEG and LORETA Imaging. Front Psychol 2021; 12:588788. [PMID: 33716859 PMCID: PMC7947245 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.588788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining EEG and LORETA in patients with chronic pain discovered an overactivation of high theta (6–9 Hz) and low beta (12–16 Hz) power in central regions. MEG studies with healthy subjects correlating evoked nociception ratings and source localization described delta and gamma changes according to two music interventions. Using similar music conditions with chronic pain patients, we examined EEG in response to two different music interventions for pain. To study this process in-depth we conducted a mixed-methods case study approach, based on three clinical cases. Effectiveness of personalized music therapy improvisations (entrainment music – EM) versus preferred music on chronic pain was examined with 16 participants. Three patients were randomly selected for follow-up EEG sessions three months post-intervention, where they listened to recordings of the music from the interventions provided during the research. To test the difference of EM versus preferred music, recordings were presented in a block design: silence, their own composed EM (depicting both “pain” and “healing”), preferred (commercially available) music, and a non-participant’s EM as a control. Participants rated their pain before and after the EEG on a 1–10 scale. We conducted a detailed single case analysis to compare all conditions, as well as a group comparison of entrainment-healing condition versus preferred music condition. Power spectrum and according LORETA distributions focused on expected changes in delta, theta, beta, and gamma frequencies, particularly in sensory-motor and central regions. Intentional moment-by-moment attention on the sounds/music rather than on pain and decreased awareness of pain was experienced from one participant. Corresponding EEG analysis showed accompanying power changes in sensory-motor regions and LORETA projection pointed to insula-related changes during entrainment-pain music. LORETA also indicated involvement of visual-spatial, motor, and language/music improvisation processing in response to his personalized EM which may reflect active recollection of creating the EM. Group-wide analysis showed common brain responses to personalized entrainment-healing music in theta and low beta range in right pre- and post-central gyrus. We observed somatosensory changes consistent with processing pain during entrainment-healing music that were not seen during preferred music. These results may depict top–down neural processes associated with active coping for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Fachner
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Rachel Clark-Vetri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert B Raffa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, United States
| | - Carrie Rupnow-Kidd
- South Woods State Prison, Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Bridgeton, NJ, United States
| | - Clemens Maidhof
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Cheryl Dileo
- Department of Music Education and Therapy, Boyer College of Music and Dance, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Imbriglio TV, Moayedi M, Freeman BV, Tenenbaum HC, Thaut M, Cioffi I. Music Modulates Awake Bruxism in Chronic Painful Temporomandibular Disorders. Headache 2020; 60:2389-2405. [PMID: 32997813 DOI: 10.1111/head.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this experimental study, we aimed to determine whether guided music listening (GML) - a music intervention based on models of mood mediation and attention modulation - modulates masticatory muscle activity and awake bruxism in subjects with chronic painful muscular temporomandibular disorders (TMD myalgia, mTMD), a condition causing a significant burden to patients, their families, and healthcare systems. BACKGROUND Awake bruxism - a stress behavior characterized by clenching of the teeth - is a strong contributor to chronic mTMD. GML modulates psychological stress and motor responses and could thus reduce muscle activity in chronic musculoskeletal conditions, including mTMD. METHODS We recorded the electromyographic (EMG) activity in the right masseter of 14 women with chronic (>6 months) mTMD (median [IQR] = 39.5.3 [24.3] years) and 15 pain-free women (median [IQR] = 30.0 [3.5] years) during a GML session, including 3 music (stressful, relaxing, and participants' favorite music) and a no-music (pink noise) control blocks, each lasting 15 minutes. We measured the motor effort of the right masseter relative to the participants' maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), the muscular effort to maintain mandibular posture (EMGposture ), and to produce spontaneous awake bruxism episodes (EMGbruxism ), and the duration and frequency of spontaneous awake bruxism episodes. We tested between-group and within-group (between blocks) differences, as well as the effect of the interaction group by experimental block on these outcome measures. RESULTS In both groups, EMGposture was significantly affected by the interaction group by experimental block (P < .001). Compared to pink noise [mean (95% CI); mTMD: 2.2 (1.6-2.8) %MVC; Controls: 1.1 (0.5-1.7) %MVC], EMGposture increased during the stressful music block [contrast estimate (95% CI); mTMD: +0.8 (0.7-0.8) %MVC; Controls: +0.3 (0.3-0.4) %MVC; both P < .001], and decreased during the relaxing [mTMD: -0.4 (-0.5 to -0.4) %MVC; Controls: -0.3 (-0.4 to -0.3) %MVC; both P < .001] and favorite [mTMD: -0.5 (-0.6 to -0.5) %MVC; Controls: -0.5 (-0.5 to -0.4) %MVC; both P < .001] music blocks. EMGposture was greater in mTMD individuals than controls during the favorite music [contrast estimate (95% CI): +1.1 (0.2-1.9) %MVC; P = .019] and the pink noise [+1.1 (0.2-2.0) %MVC; P = .014] blocks. EMGbruxism was significantly affected by the interaction group by experimental block (P < .001). In mTMD participants, compared to the pink noise block [mean (95% CI); 23.8 (16.0-31.6) %MVC], EMGbruxism increased during the stressful music block [contrast estimate (95% CI); +10.2 (8.6-11.8) %MVC], and decreased during the relaxing [-6.2 (-8.1 to -4.3) %MVC; P < .001] and favorite [-10.2 (-12.2 to -9.1) %MVC; P < .001] music blocks. These effects were not observed in the control group [mean (95% CI); pink noise: 19.3 (10.9-27.6); stressful: 21.2 (12.9-29.4) %MVC; relaxing: 21.6 (13.3-29.9) %MVC; favorite: 24.2 (15.8-32.7) %MVC; all P > .05]. EMGbruxism was significantly greater in mTMD participants than controls during the stressful music block [contrast estimate (95% CI): +12.9 (1.6-24.2) %MVC; P = .026). GML did not affect the duration or the frequency of awake bruxism in either group (median [IQR], mTMD: 23.5 [96.7] s, range 1-1300 seconds; Controls: 5.5 [22.5], range 0-246 seconds; P = .108). The frequency of awake bruxism episodes was greater in the mTMD group compared to controls only during the pink noise block (median [IQR], mTMD: 5 [15.3] episodes, range 0-62 episodes; Controls: 1 [3] episode, range 0-27 episodes; P = .046). No significant between-group differences were found in either the overall time spent engaging in awake bruxism (median [IQR], mTMD: 23.5 [96.7] s, range 1-1300 seconds; Controls: 5.5 [22.5], range 0-246 seconds; P = .108), or during each block (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS In subjects with chronic mTMD, relaxing music and the individual's favorite music decreased the muscular effort during spontaneous awake bruxism episodes by 26% and 44% (relative changes), respectively. In contrast, stressful music increases it by about 43%. Because of its positive effects on awake bruxism, GML with selected music could be a promising and non-invasive component of a multimodal approach for the management of chronic mTMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Veronica Imbriglio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Massieh Moayedi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Victor Freeman
- Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Charles Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Thaut
- Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iacopo Cioffi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Guo S, Lu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang B, Zhang Y, Gong W, Yao D, Yuan Y, Xia Y. Sad Music Modulates Pain Perception: An EEG Study. J Pain Res 2020; 13:2003-2012. [PMID: 32848448 PMCID: PMC7429222 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s264188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Music has shown positive effects on pain management in previous studies. However, the relationship between musical emotional types and therapeutic effects remains unclear. To investigate this issue, this study tested three typical emotional types of music and discussed their neural mechanisms in relation to pain modulation. Subjects and Methods In this experiment, 40 participants were exposed to cold pain under four conditions: listening to happy music, listening to neutral music, listening to sad music and no sound. EEG and pain thresholds were recorded. The participants were divided into the remission group and the nonremission group for analysis. Differences among conditions were quantified by the duration of exposure to the pain-inducing stimulus in the remission group. EEG data were obtained using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and then correlated with the behavioral data. Results We found that sad music had a significantly better effect on alleviating pain, as a result of brain oscillations in a higher beta band and the gamma band at the O2 and P4 electrodes. The comparison between the remission group and the nonremission group suggested that personality may affect music-induced analgesia, and dominance, liveliness and introvert and extrovert personality traits were associated with pain modulation by sad music. Additionally, in the network analysis, we compared brain networks under the three conditions and discussed the possible mechanisms underlying the better analgesic effect of sad music. Conclusion Sad music may have a better effect on alleviating pain, and its neural mechanisms are also discussed. This work may help understand the effects of music on pain modulation, which also has potential value for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binxin Huang
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Gong
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Pain is a significant public healthcare challenge. There is growing support for the use of music and suggestive techniques as adjuvant pain treatments. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the effects of music listening combined with relaxation suggestions compared to music alone and silence on experimental pain, and (2) to explore the potential mechanisms of music-induced analgesia. Sixty-six healthy females were randomized to receive either (1) music plus relaxation suggestions, (2) music alone, or (3) silence. Pain and psychological constructs were assessed following two cold-pressor trials. Between-group comparisons indicated that music and suggestions for relaxation are not superior to music alone for pain. More research is needed to explore the effect of analgesic suggestions in combination with music to further investigate music's potential in clinical pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa J Johnson
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, Department of Community Dentistry & Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Gary R Elkins
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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27
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Feneberg AC, Kappert MB, Maidhof RM, Doering BK, Olbrich D, Nater UM. Efficacy, Treatment Characteristics, and Biopsychological Mechanisms of Music-Listening Interventions in Reducing Pain (MINTREP): Study Protocol of a Three-Armed Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:518316. [PMID: 33329075 PMCID: PMC7672017 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.518316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pain can severely compromise a person's overall health and well-being. Music-listening interventions have been shown to alleviate perceived pain and to modulate the body's stress-sensitive systems. Despite the growing evidence of pain- and stress-reducing effects of music-listening interventions from experimental and clinical research, current findings on music-induced analgesia are inconclusive regarding the role of specific treatment characteristics and the biopsychological mechanisms underlying these effects. Objective: The overall aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to test and compare the differential effects of frequency-modulated and unmodulated music (both researcher-selected) on experimentally induced perception of acute pain and to test the efficacy of the interventions in reducing biological and subjective stress levels. Moreover, these two interventions will be compared to a third condition, in which participants listen to self-selected unmodulated music. Methods and Analysis: A total of 90 healthy participants will be randomly allocated to one of the three music-listening intervention groups. Each intervention encompasses 10 sessions of music listening in our laboratory. Frequency-modulation will involve stepwise filtering of frequencies in the audible range of 50-4,000 Hz. Acute pain will be induced via the cold pressor test. Primary (i.e., pain tolerance, perceived pain intensity) and secondary (i.e., heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, hair cortisol, subjective stress) outcomes will be measured at baseline, post, and follow-up. In addition, intermittent measurements as well as a follow-up assessment and a range of tertiary measures (e.g., music-induced emotions) are included. Discussion: This is the first study to systematically test and compare the effects of music frequencies along with the control over music selection, both of which qualify as central treatment characteristics of music-listening interventions. Results will be highly informative for the design of subsequent large-scale clinical trials and provide valuable conclusions for the implementation of music-listening interventions for the reduction of perceived pain. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine: Identifier NCT02991014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Feneberg
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattes B Kappert
- Clinical Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rosa M Maidhof
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina K Doering
- Division of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Dieter Olbrich
- Center for Psychosomatic Rehabilitation, Klinik Lipperland, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - Urs M Nater
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Campbell EA, Hynynen J, Burger B, Ala-Ruona E. Exploring the use of Vibroacoustic treatment for managing chronic pain and comorbid mood disorders: A mixed methods study. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2019.1604565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa A. Campbell
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- VIBRAC Skille-Lehikoinen Centre for Vibroacoustic Therapy and Research, Eino Roiha Foundation, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jouko Hynynen
- Seinäjoki Central Hospital, South Ostrobothnia Healthcare District, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Birgitta Burger
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Esa Ala-Ruona
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- VIBRAC Skille-Lehikoinen Centre for Vibroacoustic Therapy and Research, Eino Roiha Foundation, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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29
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Metcalf CS, Huntsman M, Garcia G, Kochanski AK, Chikinda M, Watanabe E, Underwood T, Vanegas F, Smith MD, White HS, Bulaj G. Music-Enhanced Analgesia and Antiseizure Activities in Animal Models of Pain and Epilepsy: Toward Preclinical Studies Supporting Development of Digital Therapeutics and Their Combinations With Pharmaceutical Drugs. Front Neurol 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 30972009 PMCID: PMC6446215 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital therapeutics (software as a medical device) and mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer a means to deliver behavioral, psychosocial, disease self-management and music-based interventions to improve therapy outcomes for chronic diseases, including pain and epilepsy. To explore new translational opportunities in developing digital therapeutics for neurological disorders, and their integration with pharmacotherapies, we examined analgesic and antiseizure effects of specific musical compositions in mouse models of pain and epilepsy. The music playlist was created based on the modular progression of Mozart compositions for which reduction of seizures and epileptiform discharges were previously reported in people with epilepsy. Our results indicated that music-treated mice exhibited significant analgesia and reduction of paw edema in the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain. Among analgesic drugs tested (ibuprofen, cannabidiol (CBD), levetiracetam, and the galanin analog NAX 5055), music intervention significantly decreased paw withdrawal latency difference in ibuprofen-treated mice and reduced paw edema in combination with CBD or NAX 5055. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first animal study on music-enhanced antinociceptive activity of analgesic drugs. In the plantar incision model of surgical pain, music-pretreated mice had significant reduction of mechanical allodynia. In the corneal kindling model of epilepsy, the cumulative seizure burden following kindling acquisition was lower in animals exposed to music. The music-treated group also exhibited significantly improved survival, warranting further research on music interventions for preventing Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). We propose a working model of how musical elements such as rhythm, sequences, phrases and punctuation found in K.448 and K.545 may exert responses via parasympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Based on our findings, we discuss: (1) how enriched environment (EE) can serve as a preclinical surrogate for testing combinations of non-pharmacological modalities and drugs for the treatment of pain and other chronic diseases, and (2) a new paradigm for preclinical and clinical development of therapies leading to drug-device combination products for neurological disorders, depression and cancer. In summary, our present results encourage translational research on integrating non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for pain and epilepsy using digital therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Merodean Huntsman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Gerry Garcia
- Greatful Living Productions, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Adam K. Kochanski
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Michael Chikinda
- The Gifted Music School, Salt Lake, UT, United States
- The School of Music, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | | | - Tristan Underwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Fabiola Vanegas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Misty D. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
- The School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - H. Steve White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States
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30
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Jespersen KV, Otto M, Kringelbach M, Van Someren E, Vuust P. A randomized controlled trial of bedtime music for insomnia disorder. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12817. [PMID: 30676671 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Music is often used as a self-help tool to alleviate insomnia. To evaluate the effect of bedtime music listening as a strategy for improving insomnia, we conducted an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Fifty-seven persons with insomnia disorder were included and randomized to music intervention (n = 19), audiobook control (n = 19) or a waitlist control group (n = 19). The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index. In addition, we used polysomnography and actigraphy to evaluate objective measures of sleep, and assessed sleep quality and quality of life. The results showed no clear effect of music on insomnia symptoms as the group × time interaction only approached significance (effect size = 0.71, p = .06), though there was a significant improvement in insomnia severity within the music group. With regard to the secondary outcomes, we found a significant effect of the music intervention on perceived sleep improvement and quality of life, but no changes in the objective measures of sleep. In conclusion, music listening at bedtime appears to have a positive impact on sleep perception and quality of life, but no clear effect on insomnia severity. Music is safe and easy to administer, but further research is needed to assess the effect of music on different insomnia subtypes, and as an adjunctive or preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Vibe Jespersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & the Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marit Otto
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Kringelbach
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & the Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eus Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vuust
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & the Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
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32
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Torres E, Pedersen IN, Pérez-Fernández JI. Randomized Trial of a Group Music and Imagery Method (GrpMI) for Women with Fibromyalgia. J Music Ther 2018; 55:186-220. [PMID: 29788133 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Fibromyalgia (FM) affects about 2-4% of the world population. Patients, mostly women, experience chronic widespread pain, fatigue, stiffness, sleep disturbances, and psychological disorders, especially depression and anxiety. Objective The aim of this study was to examine preliminary efficacy of a Group Music and Imagery (GrpMI) intervention, which included relaxation, music listening, and spontaneous imagery, to improve subjective psychological well-being, functional capacity and health, pain perception, anxiety, and depression in women with FM. Methods Fifty-six women aged 35 to 65 years (M = 51.3) diagnosed with FM were randomly assigned to either GrpMI treatment (n = 33) or control (n = 26) condition. Experimental group participants received 12 weekly GrpMI sessions, and control group participants who did not receive any additional service completed measures at the same time points as the experimental group. Results Intra-group analyses showed that GrpMI participants had a significant increase in psychological well-being and significant decrease in the impact of FM on functional capacity and health, pain perception, anxiety, and depression post-treatment, with sustained benefit at three-month follow-up for all variables except psychological well-being. Control group participants showed decreases in trait anxiety and depression at post-treatment, with no significant benefit at three-month follow-up. Inter-group analyses showed that compared with control participants, GRpMI participants had significantly higher scores for psychological well-being and lower-state anxiety post-treatment; however, no differences were observed between groups at three-month follow-up. Conclusions Findings offer preliminary evidence for the benefit of GrpMI to improve well-being and reduce anxiety in women with FM. Findings also suggest that GrpMI may help diminish pain intensity, state depression, and the impact of FM on functional capacity and health, but further studies are needed to establish efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inge N Pedersen
- Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, DK
| | - José I Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of the Basque Country, ES
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33
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Impaired Pain Modulation in Fibromyalgia Patients in Response to Social Distress Manipulation. Clin J Pain 2018; 33:611-619. [PMID: 27841833 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain condition, is associated with abnormalities in pain modulation. A growing body of evidence has shown that social distress modulates pain sensitivity. The current study aimed to assess the effects of social distress manipulation on pain in FM patients compared with positive (rheumatoid arthritis, RA) and negative (pain-free) controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS FM, RA patients and pain-free controls (PFC) were recruited. Demographic, medical, and psychological data were collected. Each participant was exposed to 3 study conditions in a random order: the inclusion (positive social effects) and exclusion (negative social effects) conditions of Cyberball, a game that manipulates social distress, and a control condition. Pain sensitivity in response to nociceptive electrical and thermal (cold) stimuli was assessed before and during each study condition. RESULTS In response to electrical stimuli, pain decreased in both the inclusion and exclusion conditions in PFC and RA groups, whereas inclusion conditions significantly increased pain in the FM group. Social manipulation (inclusion or exclusion) did not affect pain sensitivity as measured in response to thermal stimulation. DISCUSSION These results are in line with previous studies demonstrating altered pain inhibition in FM patients, and suggest that unlike PFC or other non-"stress-related" chronic pain conditions, being socially included may increase pain perception in FM patients. Possible underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance are discussed.
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Cheng J, Jiao C, Luo Y, Cui F. Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other's pain: Evidences from an ERP study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13054. [PMID: 29026123 PMCID: PMC5638847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we explored the time course of processing other's pain under induced happy or sad moods. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when participants observing pictures showing others in painful or non-painful situations. Mood induction procedures were applied to the participants before the picture observation task. Happy and sad moods were induced by listening to about 10 minutes of music excerpts selected from the Chinese Affective Music System (CAMS). The ERP results revealed that the induced mood can influence the early automatic components N1, P2, and N2 but not the later top-down controlled components P3 and LPP. The difference of amplitudes elicited by painful and non-painful stimuli was significantly different only in a sad mood but not in a happy mood, which indicates that comparing to a sad mood, the participants' ability to discriminate the painful stimuli from the non-painful stimuli was weakened in a happy mood. However, this reduction of sensitivity to other's pain in a happy mood does not necessarily reduce the tendency of prosocial behaviors. These findings offer psychophysiological evidences that people's moods can influence their empathic response towards other's pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Can Jiao
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of humanities and social science, City University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Johnson AJ, Kekecs Z, Roberts RL, Gavin R, Brown K, Elkins GR. Feasibility of Music and Hypnotic Suggestion to Manage Chronic Pain. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2017; 65:452-465. [PMID: 28836920 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2017.1348858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated the feasibility and possible effects of hypnotic suggestion and music for chronic pain. Ten people completed the 2-week intervention that consisted of daily listening to hypnotic suggestions combined with music. Averaged subjective pain intensity, pain bothersomeness, overall distress, anxiety, and depression decreased from baseline to endpoint. Participants rated pre- and postlistening pain intensity and pain bothersomeness decreased for each session. Information provided during end-of-study interviews indicated all participants were satisfied with treatment and felt they benefited from being in the study. Means and standard deviations are reported for outcome measures and a case study is provided. This preliminary study supports the use of a combined hypnotic suggestion and music intervention for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltan Kekecs
- b Patient Safety Translational Research Centre , Imperial College London , UK
| | | | | | - Kathleen Brown
- c Baylor Scott & White Cancer Center , Waco , Texas , USA
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Pongan E, Tillmann B, Leveque Y, Trombert B, Getenet JC, Auguste N, Dauphinot V, El Haouari H, Navez M, Dorey JM, Krolak-Salmon P, Laurent B, Rouch I. Can Musical or Painting Interventions Improve Chronic Pain, Mood, Quality of Life, and Cognition in Patients with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:663-677. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Pongan
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Psychoacoustic and Auditory Cognition team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Yohana Leveque
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Psychoacoustic and Auditory Cognition team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Trombert
- Public Health and Medical Information Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Jean Claude Getenet
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Auguste
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Virginie Dauphinot
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, France
| | - Hanane El Haouari
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Malou Navez
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Laurent
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Neuropain team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Rouch
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR) Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon (CMRR), Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, France
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Mahjoub F, Salari R, Noras MR, Yousefi M. Are Traditional Remedies Useful in Management of Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? A Review Study. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:1011-1016. [PMID: 28597692 PMCID: PMC5871288 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217712763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome are disorders that often occur simultaneously and are characterized by widespread pain and persistent fatigue. The patients are associated with disability and impairment social and physical functions. There are many remedies in traditional Persian medicine suggested for management of the disease complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical presentations and pathophysiology of disorders with the basic and principal textbook of traditional Persian medicine written by Avicenna (Canon of Medicine). According to Persian medicine, the term E’aya can be matched by mentioned disorders. Avicenna believed that strenuous activities play an important role in the beginning of some types of fatigue. He classified fatigue into 4 groups, and in each type the clinical symptoms varied. The multifaceted entity of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome in Persian medicine and conventional medicine suggests multidisciplinary therapies in management of these disabling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahdi Yousefi
- 1 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Quach J, Lee JA. Do music therapies reduce depressive symptoms and improve QOL in older adults with chronic disease? Nursing 2017; 47:58-63. [PMID: 28538355 DOI: 10.1097/01.nurse.0000513604.41152.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Quach
- Jenny Quach is an RN in the telemetry unit at Garden Grove Hospital in Garden Grove, Calif. Jung-Ah Lee is an associate professor in the Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing at the University of California-Irvine in Irvine, Calif
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Attention and pain: are auditory distractors special? Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1593-1602. [PMID: 28260156 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that manipulations of attention and emotional state can modulate pain. Some researchers have used olfactory or visual distractors to manipulate these factors in combination, and have found that attention and emotion have different effects on pain intensity and unpleasantness. Specifically, distraction from pain was found to markedly reduce its intensity while having little effect on its unpleasantness. Other evidence indicates, however, that the strength of intermodal attentional shifts depends on the specific modalities involved, with auditory-somesthetic shifts being relatively weak. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to determine how pain intensity and unpleasantness are affected when auditory, rather than olfactory or visual, distractors are used. Attention was directed either to the pain from noxious thermal stimuli, or to simultaneously presented environmental sounds that had either positive (e.g., bird chirping) or negative (e.g., alarm clock) associations. To manipulate attention, subjects were instructed to make two-alternative forced-choice discrimination judgments concerning the temperature of the thermal stimuli (in heat blocks) or the loudness of the sound clips (in sound blocks). Unpleasant sound clips were used during half of the heat blocks and half of the sound blocks, with pleasant sounds in the other half. Participants rated two components of pain: intensity and unpleasantness, after each block of trials. Although pain unpleasantness was influenced both by attentional direction and by the valence of the sound clips, pain intensity was not affected by either of these experimental manipulations. The failure of auditory distractors to modulate pain intensity differs from the previously documented ability of olfactory distractors to do so. Our findings are, however, consistent with evidence that one can attend simultaneously to auditory and cutaneous stimuli. Thus, environmental sounds are not effective at reducing pain intensity, but are capable of modulating pain unpleasantness, perhaps because it is constructed at a later stage.
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Attentional focus on subjective interoceptive experience in patients with fibromyalgia. Brain Cogn 2015; 101:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Woodbury A, Soong SN, Fishman D, García PS. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies for the anesthesiologist and pain practitioner: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth 2015; 63:69-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-015-0506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in modern society. It causes reduced quality of life and is associated with impairments in physical and mental health. Listening to music is widely used as a sleep aid, but it remains unclear if it can actually improve insomnia in adults. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of listening to music on insomnia in adults and to assess the influence of specific variables that may moderate the effect. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, nine other databases and two trials registers in May 2015. In addition, we handsearched specific music therapy journals, reference lists of included studies, and contacted authors of published studies to identify additional studies eligible for inclusion, including any unpublished or ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of listening to music with no treatment or treatment-as-usual on sleep improvement in adults with insomnia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently screened abstracts, selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data from all studies eligible for inclusion. Data on pre-defined outcome measures were subjected to meta-analyses when consistently reported by at least two studies. We undertook meta-analyses using both fixed-effect and random-effects models. Heterogeneity across included studies was assessed using the I² statistic. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies comprising a total of 314 participants. The studies examined the effect of listening to pre-recorded music daily, for 25 to 60 minutes, for a period of three days to five weeks.Based on the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, we judged the evidence from five studies that measured the effect of music listening on sleep quality to be of moderate quality. We judged the evidence from one study that examined other aspects of sleep (see below) to be of low quality. We downgraded the quality of the evidence mainly because of limitations in design or being the only published study. As regards risk of bias, most studies were at high risk of bias on at least one domain: one study was at high risk of selection bias and one was judged to be at unclear risk; six studies were at high risk of performance bias; three studies were at high risk of detection bias; one study was at high risk of attrition bias and was study was judged to be at unclear risk; two studies were judged to be at unclear risk of reporting bias; and four studies were at high risk of other bias.Five studies (N = 264) reporting on sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were included in the meta-analysis. The results of a random-effects meta-analysis revealed an effect in favour of music listening (mean difference (MD) -2.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.42 to -2.17; Z = 8.77, P < 0.00001; moderate-quality evidence). The size of the effect indicates an increase in sleep quality of the size of about one standard deviation in favour of the intervention compared to no treatment or treatment-as-usual.Only one study (N = 50; low-quality evidence) reported data on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep interruption, and sleep efficiency. However, It found no evidence to suggest that the intervention benefited these outcomes. None of the included studies reported any adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review provide evidence that music may be effective for improving subjective sleep quality in adults with insomnia symptoms. The intervention is safe and easy to administer. More research is needed to establish the effect of listening to music on other aspects of sleep as well as the daytime consequences of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Jespersen
- Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/AalborgCenter for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineNørrebrogade 44Building 10GAarhusJyllandDenmark8000
| | - Julian Koenig
- The Ohio State UniversityDepartment of Psychology175 Psychology Building1835 Neil AvenueColumbusOhioUSA43210
| | - Poul Jennum
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup HospitalDanish Centre of Sleep MedicineGlostrupDenmarkDK‐2600
| | - Peter Vuust
- Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/AalborgCenter for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineNørrebrogade 44Building 10GAarhusJyllandDenmark8000
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Linnemann A, Kappert MB, Fischer S, Doerr JM, Strahler J, Nater UM. The effects of music listening on pain and stress in the daily life of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:434. [PMID: 26283951 PMCID: PMC4519690 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Music listening is associated with both pain- and stress-reducing effects. However, the effects of music listening in daily life remain understudied, and the psycho-biological mechanisms underlying the health-beneficial effect of music listening remain unknown. We examined the effects of music listening on pain and stress in daily life in a sample of women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS; i.e., a condition characterized by chronic pain) and investigated whether a potentially pain-reducing effect of music listening was mediated by biological stress-responsive systems. Thirty women (mean age: 50.7 ± 9.9 years) with FMS were examined using an ecological momentary assessment design. Participants rated their current pain intensity, perceived control over pain, perceived stress level, and music listening behavior five times per day for 14 consecutive days. At each assessment, participants provided a saliva sample for the later analysis of cortisol and alpha-amylase as biomarkers of stress-responsive systems. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that music listening increased perceived control over pain, especially when the music was positive in valence and when it was listened to for the reason of 'activation' or 'relaxation'. In contrast, no effects on perceived pain intensity were observed. The effects of music listening on perceived control over pain were not mediated by biomarkers of stress-responsive systems. Music listening in daily life improved perceived control over pain in female FMS patients. Clinicians using music therapy should become aware of the potential adjuvant role of music listening in daily life, which has the potential to improve symptom control in chronic pain patients. In order to study the role of underlying biological mechanisms, it might be necessary to use more intensive engagement with music (i.e., collective singing or music-making) rather than mere music listening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattes B Kappert
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Johanna M Doerr
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
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Garza-Villarreal EA, Jiang Z, Vuust P, Alcauter S, Vase L, Pasaye EH, Cavazos-Rodriguez R, Brattico E, Jensen TS, Barrios FA. Music reduces pain and increases resting state fMRI BOLD signal amplitude in the left angular gyrus in fibromyalgia patients. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1051. [PMID: 26257695 PMCID: PMC4510313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Music reduces pain in fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain disease, but the functional neural correlates of music-induced analgesia (MIA) are still largely unknown. We recruited FM patients (n = 22) who listened to their preferred relaxing music and an auditory control (pink noise) for 5 min without external noise from fMRI image acquisition. Resting state fMRI was then acquired before and after the music and control conditions. A significant increase in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations of the BOLD signal was evident in the left angular gyrus (lAnG) after listening to music, which in turn, correlated to the analgesia reports. The post-hoc seed-based functional connectivity analysis of the lAnG showed found higher connectivity after listening to music with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rdlPFC), the left caudate (lCau), and decreased connectivity with right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), right supplementary motor area (rSMA), precuneus and right precentral gyrus (rPreG). Pain intensity (PI) analgesia was correlated (r = 0.61) to the connectivity of the lAnG with the rPreG. Our results show that MIA in FM is related to top-down regulation of the pain modulatory network by the default mode network (DMN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Subdireccion de Investigaciones Clinicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria "Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz," Mexico City, Mexico ; Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) Mexico City, Mexico ; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez" and Neuroscience Unit, Center for Research and Development in the Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey, Mexico ; Music in the Brain, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- Human Performance and Engineering, Kessler Foundation West Orange, NJ, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Vuust
- Music in the Brain, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark ; Royal Academy of Music Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Lene Vase
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, University of Aarhus Aarhus, Denmark ; Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erick H Pasaye
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Roberto Cavazos-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez" and Neuroscience Unit, Center for Research and Development in the Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Troels S Jensen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, University of Aarhus Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Queretaro, Mexico
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Moghimi S, Schudlo L, Chau T, Guerguerian AM. Variability in prefrontal hemodynamic response during exposure to repeated self-selected music excerpts, a near-infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122148. [PMID: 25837268 PMCID: PMC4383450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Music-induced brain activity modulations in areas involved in emotion regulation may be useful in achieving therapeutic outcomes. Clinical applications of music may involve prolonged or repeated exposures to music. However, the variability of the observed brain activity patterns in repeated exposures to music is not well understood. We hypothesized that multiple exposures to the same music would elicit more consistent activity patterns than exposure to different music. In this study, the temporal and spatial variability of cerebral prefrontal hemodynamic response was investigated across multiple exposures to self-selected musical excerpts in 10 healthy adults. The hemodynamic changes were measured using prefrontal cortex near infrared spectroscopy and represented by instantaneous phase values. Based on spatial and temporal characteristics of these observed hemodynamic changes, we defined a consistency index to represent variability across these domains. The consistency index across repeated exposures to the same piece of music was compared to the consistency index corresponding to prefrontal activity from randomly matched non-identical musical excerpts. Consistency indexes were significantly different for identical versus non-identical musical excerpts when comparing a subset of repetitions. When all four exposures were compared, no significant difference was observed between the consistency indexes of randomly matched non-identical musical excerpts and the consistency index corresponding to repetitions of the same musical excerpts. This observation suggests the existence of only partial consistency between repeated exposures to the same musical excerpt, which may stem from the role of the prefrontal cortex in regulating other cognitive and emotional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Moghimi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Guerguerian
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Wang T. A hypothesis on the biological origins and social evolution of music and dance. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:30. [PMID: 25741232 PMCID: PMC4332322 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of music and musical emotions is still an enigma, here I propose a comprehensive hypothesis on the origins and evolution of music, dance, and speech from a biological and sociological perspective. I suggest that every pitch interval between neighboring notes in music represents corresponding movement pattern through interpreting the Doppler effect of sound, which not only provides a possible explanation for the transposition invariance of music, but also integrates music and dance into a common form—rhythmic movements. Accordingly, investigating the origins of music poses the question: why do humans appreciate rhythmic movements? I suggest that human appreciation of rhythmic movements and rhythmic events developed from the natural selection of organisms adapting to the internal and external rhythmic environments. The perception and production of, as well as synchronization with external and internal rhythms are so vital for an organism's survival and reproduction, that animals have a rhythm-related reward and emotion (RRRE) system. The RRRE system enables the appreciation of rhythmic movements and events, and is integral to the origination of music, dance and speech. The first type of rewards and emotions (rhythm-related rewards and emotions, RRREs) are evoked by music and dance, and have biological and social functions, which in turn, promote the evolution of music, dance and speech. These functions also evoke a second type of rewards and emotions, which I name society-related rewards and emotions (SRREs). The neural circuits of RRREs and SRREs develop in species formation and personal growth, with congenital and acquired characteristics, respectively, namely music is the combination of nature and culture. This hypothesis provides probable selection pressures and outlines the evolution of music, dance, and speech. The links between the Doppler effect and the RRREs and SRREs can be empirically tested, making the current hypothesis scientifically concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University Beijing, China ; Ocean Science and Technology Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen, China ; Gene and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
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Zamorano AM, Riquelme I, Kleber B, Altenmüller E, Hatem SM, Montoya P. Pain sensitivity and tactile spatial acuity are altered in healthy musicians as in chronic pain patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1016. [PMID: 25610384 PMCID: PMC4285087 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive training of repetitive and highly skilled movements, as it occurs in professional classical musicians, may lead to changes in tactile sensitivity and corresponding cortical reorganization of somatosensory cortices. It is also known that professional musicians frequently experience musculoskeletal pain and pain-related symptoms during their careers. The present study aimed at understanding the complex interaction between chronic pain and music training with respect to somatosensory processing. For this purpose, tactile thresholds (mechanical detection, grating orientation, two-point discrimination) and subjective ratings to thermal and pressure pain stimuli were assessed in 17 professional musicians with chronic pain, 30 pain-free musicians, 20 non-musicians with chronic pain, and 18 pain-free non-musicians. We found that pain-free musicians displayed greater touch sensitivity (i.e., lower mechanical detection thresholds), lower tactile spatial acuity (i.e., higher grating orientation thresholds) and increased pain sensitivity to pressure and heat compared to pain-free non-musicians. Moreover, we also found that musicians and non-musicians with chronic pain presented lower tactile spatial acuity and increased pain sensitivity to pressure and heat compared to pain-free non-musicians. The significant increment of pain sensitivity together with decreased spatial discrimination in pain-free musicians and the similarity of results found in chronic pain patients, suggests that the extensive training of repetitive and highly skilled movements in classical musicians could be considered as a risk factor for developing chronic pain, probably due to use-dependent plastic changes elicited in somatosensory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Zamorano
- Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Riquelme
- Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain ; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Boris Kleber
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Department of Music Physiology and Musician's Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Samar M Hatem
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brugmann University Hospital Brussels, Belgium ; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Bulaj G. Combining non-pharmacological treatments with pharmacotherapies for neurological disorders: a unique interface of the brain, drug-device, and intellectual property. Front Neurol 2014; 5:126. [PMID: 25071711 PMCID: PMC4095562 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile medical applications (mHealth), music, and video games are being developed and tested for their ability to improve pharmacotherapy outcomes and medication adherence. Pleiotropic mechanism of music and gamification engages an intrinsic motivation and the brain reward system, supporting therapies in patients with neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain, depression, anxiety, or neurodegenerative disorders. Based on accumulating results from clinical trials, an innovative combination treatment of epilepsy seizures, comorbidities, and the medication non-adherence can be designed, consisting of antiepileptic drugs and disease self-management software delivering clinically beneficial music. Since creative elements and art expressed in games, music, and software are copyrighted, therefore clinical and regulatory challenges in developing copyrighted, drug–device therapies may be offset by a value proposition of the exclusivity due to the patent–independent protection, which can last for over 70 years. Taken together, development of copyrighted non-pharmacological treatments (e-therapies), and their combinations with pharmacotherapies, offer incentives to chronically ill patients and outcome-driven health care industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
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