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Del Mauro G, Li Y, Wang Z. Global brain connectivity: Test-retest stability and association with biological and neurocognitive variables. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110205. [PMID: 38914376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global brain connectivity (GBC) enables measuring brain regions' functional connectivity strength at rest by computing the average correlation between each brain voxel's time-series and that of all other voxels. NEW METHOD We used resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data of young adult participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset to explore the test-retest stability of GBC, the brain regions with higher or lower GBC, as well as the associations of this measure with age, sex, and fluid intelligence. GBC was computed by considering separately the positive and negative correlation coefficients (positive GBC and negative GBC). RESULTS Test-retest stability was higher for positive compared to negative GBC. Areas with higher GBC were located in the default mode network, insula, and visual areas, while regions with lower GBC were in subcortical regions, temporal cortex, and cerebellum. Higher age was related to global reduction of positive GBC. Males displayed higher positive GBC in the whole brain. Fluid intelligence was associated to increased positive GBC in fronto-parietal, occipital and temporal regions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Compared to previous works, this study adopted a larger sample size and tested GBC stability using data from different rs-fMRI sessions. Moreover, these associations were examined by testing positive and negative GBC separately. CONCLUSIONS Lower stability for negative compared to positive GBC suggests that negative correlations may reflect less stable couplings between brain regions. Our findings indicate a greater importance of positive compared to negative GBC for the associations of functional connectivity strength with biological and neurocognitive variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, HSF III, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, HSF III, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, HSF III, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States.
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2
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Howard KA, Ahmad SS, Chavez JV, Hoogerwoerd H, McIntosh RC. The central executive network moderates the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and gastrointestinal related issues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10695. [PMID: 38724613 PMCID: PMC11082173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although most adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, a smaller proportion will go on to be clinically diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Persons diagnosed with PTSD have a greater likelihood of developing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. However, the extent to which subclinical levels of post-traumatic stress (PTS) correspond with the incidence of GI issues in a normative sample is unclear. Resting state fMRI, medical history, psychological survey, and anthropometric data were acquired from the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (n = 378; age range 18-85.6 years). The primary aim of this study was to test the main effect of subclinical PTS symptom severity on the number of endorsed GI issues. The secondary aim was to test the moderating effect of high versus low resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the central executive network (CEN) on the relationship between PTS symptom severity and GI issues. Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40) scores were positively associated with the number of endorsed GI issues (b = -0.038, SE = .009, p < .001). The interaction between TSC-40 scores and rsFC within the CEN was significant on GI issues after controlling for sociodemographic and cardiometabolic variables (b = -0.031, SE = .016, p < .05), such that above average rsFC within the CEN buffered the effect of TSC-40 scores on GI issues. Our findings of higher rsFC within the CEN moderating the magnitude of coincidence in PTS and GI symptom severity may reflect the mitigating role of executive control processes in the putative stress signaling mechanisms that contribute to gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia A Howard
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Salman S Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Jennifer V Chavez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Hannah Hoogerwoerd
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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3
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Graves AJ, Danoff JS, Kim M, Brindley SR, Skyberg AM, Giamberardino SN, Lynch ME, Straka BC, Lillard TS, Gregory SG, Connelly JJ, Morris JP. Accelerated epigenetic age is associated with whole-brain functional connectivity and impaired cognitive performance in older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9646. [PMID: 38671048 PMCID: PMC11053089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While chronological age is a strong predictor for health-related risk factors, it is an incomplete metric that fails to fully characterize the unique aging process of individuals with different genetic makeup, neurodevelopment, and environmental experiences. Recent advances in epigenomic array technologies have made it possible to generate DNA methylation-based biomarkers of biological aging, which may be useful in predicting a myriad of cognitive abilities and functional brain network organization across older individuals. It is currently unclear which cognitive domains are negatively correlated with epigenetic age above and beyond chronological age, and it is unknown if functional brain organization is an important mechanism for explaining these associations. In this study, individuals with accelerated epigenetic age (i.e. AgeAccelGrim) performed worse on tasks that spanned a wide variety of cognitive faculties including both fluid and crystallized intelligence (N = 103, average age = 68.98 years, 73 females, 30 males). Additionally, fMRI connectome-based predictive models suggested a mediating mechanism of functional connectivity on epigenetic age acceleration-cognition associations primarily in medial temporal lobe and limbic structures. This research highlights the important role of epigenetic aging processes on the development and maintenance of healthy cognitive capacities and function of the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minah Kim
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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4
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Likhitweerawong N, Boonchooduang N, Khorana J, Phinyo P, Patumanond J, Louthrenoo O. Executive dysfunction as a possible mediator for the association between excessive screen time and problematic behaviors in preschoolers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298189. [PMID: 38574024 PMCID: PMC10994291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive screen time in children is a growing concern for parents and healthcare providers worldwide because it frequently leads to behavioral problems. Although executive dysfunction is proposed to be one of the contributing factors to maladaptive behaviors, little is known about the link between screen time and behaviors. This study aimed to identify whether executive dysfunction contributes to the negative behaviors of children exposed to excessive screen time. A cross-sectional study was conducted on preschool-aged children from public and private schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The parents/guardians of each child completed the questionnaires regarding clinical characteristics and screen time use, the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children with more than one hour of media exposure per day were considered to have excessive screen time. Multivariable Gaussian regression was analyzed to compare the BRIEF-P and SDQ scores between the excessive and appropriate screen time groups. Causal mediation analysis was performed to examine the effects of total screen time on increasing behavioral problems with executive functioning as a mediator. A total of 1,126 preschoolers were included in the analyses. After controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and maternal education, the excessive screen time group had significantly higher BRIEF-P global executive composite score than the appropriate screen time group (mean difference of global executive composite score = 1.49, 95% CI [0.12, 2.86], and p = 0.033). Concurrently, there were significant differences in externalizing behavior subscales and SDQ total difficulties scores between the excessive and appropriate screen time groups (mean difference of total difficulties score = 0.90, 95% CI [0.29, 1.50], and p = 0.004). A significant average causal mediation effect (ACME) of screen time on behavioral problems mediated through executive functioning was β = 0.28, 95% CI [0.13-0.44], which was more than half of the total effect (54.9%, 95% CI [37.4-100%]). The current study suggests that the increase in behavioral issues in preschoolers might be partly explained by the direct effect of excessive screen time and the mediating effect of impaired executive functioning. Our results may raise concerns about the necessity to limit screen time and monitor for executive function deficits and behavioral problems in young children with high screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narueporn Likhitweerawong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Growth and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nonglak Boonchooduang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Growth and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Khorana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Clinical Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phichayut Phinyo
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jayanton Patumanond
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Growth and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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5
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Vedaei F, Mashhadi N, Alizadeh M, Zabrecky G, Monti D, Wintering N, Navarreto E, Hriso C, Newberg AB, Mohamed FB. Deep learning-based multimodality classification of chronic mild traumatic brain injury using resting-state functional MRI and PET imaging. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1333725. [PMID: 38312737 PMCID: PMC10837852 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1333725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a public health concern. The present study aimed to develop an automatic classifier to distinguish between patients with chronic mTBI (n = 83) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 40). Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were acquired from the subjects. We proposed a novel deep-learning-based framework, including an autoencoder (AE), to extract high-level latent and rectified linear unit (ReLU) and sigmoid activation functions. Single and multimodality algorithms integrating multiple rs-fMRI metrics and PET data were developed. We hypothesized that combining different imaging modalities provides complementary information and improves classification performance. Additionally, a novel data interpretation approach was utilized to identify top-performing features learned by the AEs. Our method delivered a classification accuracy within the range of 79-91.67% for single neuroimaging modalities. However, the performance of classification improved to 95.83%, thereby employing the multimodality model. The models have identified several brain regions located in the default mode network, sensorimotor network, visual cortex, cerebellum, and limbic system as the most discriminative features. We suggest that this approach could be extended to the objective biomarkers predicting mTBI in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vedaei
- Department of Radiology, Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Najmeh Mashhadi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - George Zabrecky
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative, Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Monti
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative, Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nancy Wintering
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative, Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily Navarreto
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative, Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chloe Hriso
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative, Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew B. Newberg
- Department of Radiology, Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Marcus Institute of Integrative, Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Feroze B. Mohamed
- Department of Radiology, Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Delgado-Alvarado M, Ferrer-Gallardo VJ, Paz-Alonso PM, Caballero-Gaudes C, Rodríguez-Oroz MC. Interactions between functional networks in Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20162. [PMID: 37978215 PMCID: PMC10656530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is critical to understand the underlying processes of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional connectivity (FC) disruptions in PD-MCI patients have been observed in several networks. However, the functional and cognitive changes associated with the disruptions observed in these networks are still unclear. Using a data-driven methodology based on independent component analysis, we examined differences in FC RSNs among PD-MCI, PD cognitively normal patients (PD-CN) and healthy controls (HC) and studied their associations with cognitive and motor variables. A significant difference was found between PD-MCI vs PD-CN and HC in a FC-trait comprising sensorimotor (SMN), dorsal attention (DAN), ventral attention (VAN) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks. This FC-trait was associated with working memory, memory and the UPDRS motor scale. SMN involvement in verbal memory recall may be related with the FC-trait correlation with memory deficits. Meanwhile, working memory impairment may be reflected in the DAN, VAN and FPN interconnectivity disruptions with the SMN. Furthermore, interactions between the SMN and the DAN, VAN and FPN network reflect the intertwined decline of motor and cognitive abilities in PD-MCI. Our findings suggest that the memory impairments observed in PD-MCI are associated with reduced FC within the SMN and between SMN and attention networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Alvarado
- Neurology Service, Hospital Sierrallana, 39300, Torrelavega, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008, Cantabria, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CINERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (BCBL), 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - María C Rodríguez-Oroz
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. de Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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7
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Geissmann L, Coynel D, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Neurofunctional underpinnings of individual differences in visual episodic memory performance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5694. [PMID: 37709747 PMCID: PMC10502056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory, the ability to consciously recollect information and its context, varies substantially among individuals. While prior fMRI studies have identified certain brain regions linked to successful memory encoding at a group level, their role in explaining individual memory differences remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyze fMRI data of 1,498 adults participating in a picture encoding task in a single MRI scanner. We find that individual differences in responsivity of the hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex account for individual variability in episodic memory performance. While these regions also emerge in our group-level analysis, other regions, predominantly within the lateral occipital cortex, are related to successful memory encoding but not to individual memory variation. Furthermore, our network-based approach reveals a link between the responsivity of nine functional connectivity networks and individual memory variability. Our work provides insights into the neurofunctional correlates of individual differences in visual episodic memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Geissmann
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Thams F, Li SC, Flöel A, Antonenko D. Functional Connectivity and Microstructural Network Correlates of Interindividual Variability in Distinct Executive Functions of Healthy Older Adults. Neuroscience 2023; 526:61-73. [PMID: 37321368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Executive functions, essential for daily life, are known to be impaired in older age. Some executive functions, including working memory updating and value-based decision-making, are specifically sensitive to age-related deterioration. While their neural correlates in young adults are well-described, a comprehensive delineation of the underlying brain substrates in older populations, relevant to identify targets for modulation against cognitive decline, is missing. Here, we assessed letter updating and Markov decision-making task performance to operationalize these trainable functions in 48 older adults. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to quantify functional connectivity (FC) in task-relevant frontoparietal and default mode networks. Microstructure in white matter pathways mediating executive functions was assessed with diffusion tensor imaging and quantified by tract-based fractional anisotropy (FA). Superior letter updating performance correlated with higher FC between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left frontoparietal and hippocampal areas, while superior Markov decision-making performance correlated with decreased FC between basal ganglia and right angular gyrus. Furthermore, better working memory updating performance was related to higher FA in the cingulum bundle and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Stepwise linear regression showed that cingulum bundle FA added significant incremental contribution to the variance explained by fronto-angular FC alone. Our findings provide a characterization of distinct functional and structural connectivity correlates associated with performance of specific executive functions. Thereby, this study contributes to the understanding of the neural correlates of updating and decision-making functions in older adults, paving the way for targeted modulation of specific networks by modulatory techniques such as behavioral interventions and non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Thams
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Ha M, Park SH, Park I, Kim T, Lee J, Kim M, Kwon JS. Aberrant cortico-thalamo-cerebellar network interactions and their association with impaired cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:50. [PMID: 37573437 PMCID: PMC10423253 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicating abnormal functional connectivity (FC) among the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum in schizophrenia patients has increased. However, the role of the thalamus and cerebellum when integrated into intrinsic networks and how those integrated networks interact in schizophrenia patients are largely unknown. We generated an integrative network map by merging thalamic and cerebellar network maps, which were parcellated using a winner-take-all approach, onto a cortical network map. Using cognitive networks, the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN), the salience network (SAL), and the central executive network (CEN) as regions of interest, the FC of 48 schizophrenia patients was compared with that of 57 healthy controls (HCs). The association between abnormal FC and cognitive impairment was also investigated in patients. FC was lower between the SAL-CEN, SAL-DMN, and DMN-CEN and within-CEN in schizophrenia patients than in HCs. Hypoconnectivity between the DMN-CEN was correlated with impaired cognition in schizophrenia patients. Our findings broadly suggest the plausible role of the thalamus and cerebellum in integrative intrinsic networks in patients, which may contribute to the disrupted triple network and cognitive dysmetria in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hwan Park
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Inkyung Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungha Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zwir I, Arnedo J, Mesa A, Del Val C, de Erausquin GA, Cloninger CR. Temperament & Character account for brain functional connectivity at rest: A diathesis-stress model of functional dysregulation in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2238-2253. [PMID: 37015979 PMCID: PMC10611583 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The human brain's resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) provides stable trait-like measures of differences in the perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of individuals. The rsFC of the prefrontal cortex is hypothesized to mediate a person's rational self-government, as is also measured by personality, so we tested whether its connectivity networks account for vulnerability to psychosis and related personality configurations. Young adults were recruited as outpatients or controls from the same communities around psychiatric clinics. Healthy controls (n = 30) and clinically stable outpatients with bipolar disorder (n = 35) or schizophrenia (n = 27) were diagnosed by structured interviews, and then were assessed with standardized protocols of the Human Connectome Project. Data-driven clustering identified five groups of patients with distinct patterns of rsFC regardless of diagnosis. These groups were distinguished by rsFC networks that regulate specific biopsychosocial aspects of psychosis: sensory hypersensitivity, negative emotional balance, impaired attentional control, avolition, and social mistrust. The rsFc group differences were validated by independent measures of white matter microstructure, personality, and clinical features not used to identify the subjects. We confirmed that each connectivity group was organized by differential collaborative interactions among six prefrontal and eight other automatically-coactivated networks. The temperament and character traits of the members of these groups strongly accounted for the differences in rsFC between groups, indicating that configurations of rsFC are internal representations of personality organization. These representations involve weakly self-regulated emotional drives of fear, irrational desire, and mistrust, which predispose to psychopathology. However, stable outpatients with different diagnoses (bipolar or schizophrenic psychoses) were highly similar in rsFC and personality. This supports a diathesis-stress model in which different complex adaptive systems regulate predisposition (which is similar in stable outpatients despite diagnosis) and stress-induced clinical dysfunction (which differs by diagnosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zwir
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
- University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Javier Arnedo
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Mesa
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
| | - Coral Del Val
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriel A de Erausquin
- University of Texas, Long School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Brain Development, Modulation and Repair, Glenn Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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11
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Blanchett R, Chen Y, Aguate F, Xia K, Cornea E, Burt SA, de Los Campos G, Gao W, Gilmore JH, Knickmeyer RC. Genetic and environmental factors influencing neonatal resting-state functional connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4829-4843. [PMID: 36190430 PMCID: PMC10110449 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to identify complex brain networks by examining the correlation of blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals between brain regions during the resting state. Many of the brain networks identified in adults are detectable at birth, but genetic and environmental influences governing connectivity within and between these networks in early infancy have yet to be explored. We investigated genetic influences on neonatal resting-state connectivity phenotypes by generating intraclass correlations and performing mixed effects modeling to estimate narrow-sense heritability on measures of within network and between-network connectivity in a large cohort of neonate twins. We also used backwards elimination regression and mixed linear modeling to identify specific demographic and medical history variables influencing within and between network connectivity in a large cohort of typically developing twins and singletons. Of the 36 connectivity phenotypes examined, only 6 showed narrow-sense heritability estimates greater than 0.10, with none being statistically significant. Demographic and obstetric history variables contributed to between- and within-network connectivity. Our results suggest that in early infancy, genetic factors minimally influence brain connectivity. However, specific demographic and medical history variables, such as gestational age at birth and maternal psychiatric history, may influence resting-state connectivity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Blanchett
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Fernando Aguate
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emil Cornea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Statistics and Probability, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca C Knickmeyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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12
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Roye S, Calamia M, Robinson A. Examining patterns of executive functioning across dimensions of psychopathology. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2022; 77:101778. [PMID: 36113913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The current study examined relationships between psychopathology and individual domains of executive functioning (EF) amongst adults. While previous studies have examined these relationships using diagnostic groups, we compared factor structures of both dimensional psychopathology and EF and used an approach to better isolate EF-specific task variance within each domain. METHODS This study analyzed the data of 722 individuals between the ages of 18-59 years, who took part in the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI)-Rockland project. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to derive a three-factor model of EF (i.e., inhibition, shifting, and fluency) proposed by Karr et al. (2019) with scores primarily from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), as well as a three-factor model of psychopathology (i.e., internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder symptoms) from the Adult Self-Report (ASR) and Peter's et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI). These models were compared using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Results demonstrated an adequate fit for both model structures and indicated that internalizing and externalizing psychopathology had positive and negative relationships with different factors of EF, while thought disorder traits were not related to EF. LIMITATIONS This study examines pathological traits within a non-clinical sample that excluded individuals with severe mental illness. Additionally, analyses were limited by the availability of certain variables, and potential shared method variance within factors. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of associations with EF were unique to all three aspects of dimensional psychopathology. When examined together, different dimensions of psychopathology were related to both better and worse EF performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Roye
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Matthew Calamia
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Anthony Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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13
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Goldberg H. Growing Brains, Nurturing Minds-Neuroscience as an Educational Tool to Support Students' Development as Life-Long Learners. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121622. [PMID: 36552082 PMCID: PMC9775149 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other primates, humans are late bloomers, with exceptionally long childhood and adolescence. The extensive developmental period of humans is thought to facilitate the learning processes required for the growth and maturation of the complex human brain. During the first two and a half decades of life, the human brain is a construction site, and learning processes direct its shaping through experience-dependent neuroplasticity. Formal and informal learning, which generates long-term and accessible knowledge, is mediated by neuroplasticity to create adaptive structural and functional changes in brain networks. Since experience-dependent neuroplasticity is at full force during school years, it holds a tremendous educational opportunity. In order to fulfill this developmental and learning potential, educational practices should be human-brain-friendly and "ride" the neuroplasticity wave. Neuroscience can inform educators about the natural learning mechanisms of the brain to support student learning. This review takes a neuroscientific lens to explore central concepts in education (e.g., mindset, motivation, meaning-making, and attention) and suggests two methods of using neuroscience as an educational tool: teaching students about their brain (content level) and considering the neuro-mechanisms of learning in educational design (design level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Eng CM, Pocsai M, Fulton VE, Moron SP, Thiessen ED, Fisher AV. Longitudinal investigation of executive function development employing task-based, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology in 4- to 5-year-old children. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13328. [PMID: 36221252 PMCID: PMC10408588 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased focus on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the use and accessibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have advanced knowledge on the interconnected nature of neural substrates underlying executive function (EF) development in adults and clinical populations. Less is known about the relationship between rsFC and developmental changes in EF during preschool years in typically developing children, a gap the present study addresses employing task-based assessment, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology. This preregistered study contributes to our understanding of the neural basis of EF development longitudinally with 41 children ages 4-5. Changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) rsFC utilizing fNIRS, EF measured with a common task-based assessment (Day-Night task), and teacher reports of behavior (BRIEF-P) were monitored over multiple timepoints: Initial Assessment, 72 h follow-up, 1 Month Follow-up, and 4 Month Follow-up. Measures of rsFC were strongly correlated 72 h apart, providing evidence of high rsFC measurement reliability using fNIRS with preschool-aged children. PFC rsFC was positively correlated with performance on task-based and report-based EF assessments. Children's PFC functional connectivity at rest uniquely predicted later EF, controlling for verbal IQ, age, and sex. Functional connectivity at rest using fNIRS may potentially show the rapid changes in EF development in young children, not only neurophysiologically, but also as a correlate of task-based EF performance and ecologically-relevant teacher reports of EF in a classroom context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassondra M Eng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Pocsai
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Virginia E Fulton
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suanna P Moron
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erik D Thiessen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna V Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Abstract
In resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), areas showing coherent hemodynamic fluctuations across the brain are operationally defined to be functionally connected. However, it is unknown how the activity of single units residing within a voxel contributes to this network structure. Here we demonstrate a shared but restricted pattern of functional connectivity among neighboring neurons residing in functionally defined face patches. Unexpectedly, such neurons also exhibited a prominent inverse correlation with thalamic structures and brainstem neuromodulatory centers. Single unit maps differed from analogous maps obtained with local field potentials and seed-based fMRI. These findings suggest that during rest, individual cortical neurons have a restricted set of functional connections, which is governed in part by anatomical projections and in part by neuromodulation. The brain is a highly organized, dynamic system whose network architecture is often assessed through resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity. The functional interactions between brain areas, including those observed during rest, are assumed to stem from the collective influence of action potentials carried by long-range neural projections. However, the contribution of individual neurons to brain-wide functional connectivity has not been systematically assessed. Here we developed a method to concurrently measure and compare the spiking activity of local neurons with fMRI signals measured across the brain during rest. We recorded spontaneous activity from neural populations in cortical face patches in the macaque during fMRI scanning sessions. Individual cells exhibited prominent, bilateral coupling with fMRI fluctuations in a restricted set of cortical areas inside and outside the face patch network, partially matching the pattern of known anatomical projections. Within each face patch population, a subset of neurons was positively coupled with the face patch network and another was negatively coupled. The same cells showed inverse correlations with distinct subcortical structures, most notably the lateral geniculate nucleus and brainstem neuromodulatory centers. Corresponding connectivity maps derived from fMRI seeds and local field potentials differed from the single unit maps, particularly in subcortical areas. Together, the results demonstrate that the spiking fluctuations of neurons are selectively coupled with discrete brain regions, with the coupling governed in part by anatomical network connections and in part by indirect neuromodulatory pathways.
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16
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A cognitive neurogenetic approach to uncovering the structure of executive functions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4588. [PMID: 35933428 PMCID: PMC9357028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
One central mission of cognitive neuroscience is to understand the ontology of complex cognitive functions. We addressed this question with a cognitive neurogenetic approach using a large-scale dataset of executive functions (EFs), whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity, and genetic polymorphisms. We found that the bifactor model with common and shifting-specific components not only was parsimonious but also showed maximal dissociations among the EF components at behavioral, neural, and genetic levels. In particular, the genes with enhanced expression in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) showed enrichment for the common and shifting-specific component, respectively. Finally, High-dimensional mediation models further revealed that the functional connectivity patterns significantly mediated the genetic effect on the common EF component. Our study not only reveals insights into the ontology of EFs and their neurogenetic basis, but also provides useful tools to uncover the structure of complex constructs of human cognition.
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17
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Meijer A, Königs M, Pouwels PJ, Smith J, Visscher C, Bosker RJ, Hartman E, Oosterlaan J. Resting state networks mediate the association between both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning. Child Dev 2022; 93:e412-e426. [PMID: 35426121 PMCID: PMC9545658 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skill performance are related to neurocognitive functioning by influencing brain structure and functioning. This study investigates the role of resting-state networks (RSNs) in the relation of cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning in healthy 8- to 11-year-old children (n = 90, 45 girls, 10% migration background). Cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills were related to brain activity in RSNs. Furthermore, brain activity in RSNs mediated the relation of both cardiovascular fitness (Frontoparietal network and Somatomotor network) and gross motor skills (Somatomotor network) with neurocognitive functioning. The results indicate that brain functioning may contribute to the relation between both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meijer
- Clinical Neuropsychology SectionVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of PediatricsAmsterdam Reproduction & DevelopmentUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Petra J.W. Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne Smith
- Center for Human Movement SciencesUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chris Visscher
- Center for Human Movement SciencesUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roel J. Bosker
- Groningen Institute for Educational ResearchUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Esther Hartman
- Center for Human Movement SciencesUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology SectionVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of PediatricsAmsterdam Reproduction & DevelopmentUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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18
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Marcusson-Clavertz D, Persson SD, Cardeña E, Terhune DB, Gort C, Kuehner C. The contribution of latent factors of executive functioning to mind wandering: an experience sampling study. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2022; 7:34. [PMID: 35467232 PMCID: PMC9038971 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals with greater executive resources spend less time mind wandering. Independent strands of research further suggest that this association depends on concentration and a guilty-dysphoric daydreaming style. However, it remains unclear whether this association is specific to particular features of executive functioning or certain operationalizations of mind wandering, including task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs, comprising external distractions and mind wandering) and stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thoughts (SITUTs, comprising mind wandering only). This study sought to clarify these associations by using confirmatory factor analysis to compute latent scores for distinct executive functions based on nine cognitive tasks and relating them to experience sampling reports of mind wandering. We expected that individuals with greater executive control (specifically updating) would show a stronger reduction in SITUTs as momentary concentration and guilty-dysphoric style increase. A bifactor model of the cognitive battery indicated a general factor (common executive functioning) and ancillary factors (updating and shifting). A significant interaction between updating and concentration on mind wandering was observed with mind wandering defined as TUTs, but not as SITUTs (N = 187). A post hoc analysis clarified this discrepancy by showing that as concentration increases, both external distractions and mind wandering decrease more strongly among people with greater updating. Moreover, common executive functioning predicted a more negative slope of guilty-dysphoric style on SITUTs, whereas updating and shifting predicted more positive slopes. The opposite slopes of these executive functions on daily life mind wandering may reflect a stability-flexibility trade-off between goal maintenance and goal replacement abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marcusson-Clavertz
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Hus L, Trummenvägen 11, 351 95, Växjö, Sweden.
- CERCAP, Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Etzel Cardeña
- CERCAP, Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Cassandra Gort
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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19
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Voruz P, Cionca A, Jacot de Alcântara I, Nuber-Champier A, Allali G, Benzakour L, Thomasson M, Lalive PH, Lövblad KO, Braillard O, Nehme M, Coen M, Serratrice J, Pugin J, Guessous I, Landis BN, Adler D, Griffa A, Van De Ville D, Assal F, Péron JA. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac057. [PMID: 35350554 PMCID: PMC8956133 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of awareness of cognitive impairment (i.e. anosognosia) could be a key
factor for distinguishing between neuropsychological post-COVID-19 condition
phenotypes. In this context, the 2-fold aim of the present study was to (i)
establish the prevalence of anosognosia for memory impairment, according to the
severity of the infection in the acute phase and (ii) determine whether
anosognosic patients with post-COVID syndrome have a different cognitive and
psychiatric profile from nosognosic patients, with associated differences in
brain functional connectivity. A battery of neuropsychological, psychiatric,
olfactory, dyspnoea, fatigue and quality-of-life tests was administered
227.07 ± 42.69 days post-SARS-CoV-2 infection to 102
patients (mean age: 56.35 years, 65 men, no history of neurological,
psychiatric, neuro-oncological or neurodevelopmental disorder prior to
infection) who had experienced either a mild (not hospitalized;
n = 45), moderate (conventional
hospitalization; n = 34) or severe
(hospitalization with intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation;
n = 23) presentation in the acute
phase. Patients were first divided into two groups according to the presence or
absence of anosognosia for memory deficits (26 anosognosic patients and 76
nosognosic patients). Of these, 49 patients underwent an MRI. Structural images
were visually analysed, and statistical intergroup analyses were then performed
on behavioural and functional connectivity measures. Only 15.6% of
patients who presented mild disease displayed anosognosia for memory
dysfunction, compared with 32.4% of patients with moderate presentation
and 34.8% of patients with severe disease. Compared with nosognosic
patients, those with anosognosia for memory dysfunction performed significantly
more poorly on objective cognitive and olfactory measures. By contrast, they
gave significantly more positive subjective assessments of their quality of
life, psychiatric status and fatigue. Interestingly, the proportion of patients
exhibiting a lack of consciousness of olfactory deficits was significantly
higher in the anosognosic group. Functional connectivity analyses revealed a
significant decrease in connectivity, in the anosognosic group as compared with
the nosognosic group, within and between the following networks: the left
default mode, the bilateral somatosensory motor, the right executive control,
the right salient ventral attention and the bilateral dorsal attention networks,
as well as the right Lobules IV and V of the cerebellum. Lack of awareness of
cognitive disorders and, to a broader extent, impairment of the self-monitoring
brain system, may be a key factor for distinguishing between the clinical
phenotypes of post-COVID syndrome with neuropsychological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Voruz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Cionca
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabele Jacot de Alcântara
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Nuber-Champier
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Allali
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Leenaards Memory Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lamyae Benzakour
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine Thomasson
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Olof Lövblad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Braillard
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mayssam Nehme
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Coen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Internal Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Internal Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Intensive Care Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Basile N Landis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Adler
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Assal
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie A Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Menardi A, Reineberg AE, Smith LL, Favaretto C, Vallesi A, Banich MT, Santarnecchi E. Topographical functional correlates of interindividual differences in executive functions in young healthy twins. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:49-62. [PMID: 34865178 PMCID: PMC8741656 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions (EF) are a set of higher-order cognitive abilities that enable goal-directed behavior by controlling lower-level operations. In the brain, those functions have been traditionally associated with activity in the Frontoparietal Network, but recent neuroimaging studies have challenged this view in favor of more widespread cortical involvement. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether the network that serves as critical hubs at rest, which we term network reliance, differentiate individuals as a function of their level of EF. Furthermore, we investigated whether such differences are driven by genetic as compared to environmental factors. For this purpose, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and the behavioral testing of 453 twins from the Colorado Longitudinal Twins Study were analyzed. Separate indices of EF performance were obtained according to a bifactor unity/diversity model, distinguishing between three independent components representing: Common EF, Shifting-specific and Updating-specific abilities. Through an approach of step-wise in silico network lesioning of the individual functional connectome, we show that interindividual differences in EF are associated with different dependencies on neural networks at rest. Furthermore, these patterns show evidence of mild heritability. Such findings add knowledge to the understanding of brain states at rest and their connection with human behavior, and how they might be shaped by genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menardi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Padova Neuroscience Center & Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Andrew E Reineberg
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Louisa L Smith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chiara Favaretto
- Padova Neuroscience Center & Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Padova Neuroscience Center & Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, PD, Italy
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Marie T Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Liu W, Liu L, Cheng X, Ge H, Hu G, Xue C, Qi W, Xu W, Chen S, Gao R, Rao J, Chen J. Functional Integrity of Executive Control Network Contributed to Retained Executive Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:710172. [PMID: 34899264 PMCID: PMC8664557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.710172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Recent studies have indicated that executive function (EF) declines during MCI. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the neural basis of EF deficits in MCI. Herein, we investigate the changes of regional brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the executive control network (ECN) between high EF and low EF groups. Methods: According to EF composite score (ADNI-EF) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we divided MCI into two groups, including the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Resting-state functional MRI was utilized to investigate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and ECN functional connectivity across 23 healthy controls (HC), 11 MCI-highEF, and 14 MCI-lowEF participants. Moreover, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between altered fALFF or connectivity of the ECN and the ADNI-EF. Results: Compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), as well as decreased fALFF in the right precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). The MCI-lowEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the cerebellar vermis and decreased fALFF in the left MFG. Additionally, compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants indicated no significant difference in connectivity of the ECN. Furthermore, the MCI-lowEF participants showed increased ECN FC in the left cuneus and left MFG, as well as decreased ECN functional connectivity in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Notably, the altered fALFF in the left MFG was positively correlated to ADNI-EF, while the altered fALFF in cerebellar vermis is negatively correlated with ADNI-EF across the two MCI groups and the HC group. Altered ECN functional connectivity in the right PHG is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF, while altered ECN functional connectivity in the left cuneus is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF across the three groups. Conclusions: Our current study demonstrates the presence of different patterns of regional brain spontaneous activity and ECN FC in the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Furthermore, the ECN FC of the MCI-highEF group was not disrupted, which may contribute to retained EF in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Li X, Ng KK, Wong JJY, Lee JW, Zhou JH, Yow WQ. Bilingual language entropy influences executive functions through functional connectivity and signal variability. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 222:105026. [PMID: 34597903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
How bilinguals' experience in managing multiple languages in different communicative contexts influences the cognitive and neural aspects of executive functions remains unclear. Therefore, we examined whether variations in language experience in young adult bilinguals were associated with data-driven brain functional network patterns (connectivity and signal variability) defined by performance during executive control tasks (Stroop and task-switching). Multiple aspects of language experience, such as the extent of balanced bilingualism in language proficiency and usage, and language diversity across social contexts (i.e., language entropy) were assessed. We found that greater language diversity, rather than balanced bilingualism per se, was related to higher brain network specialization and segregation concentrated on the default mode and executive control networks, and lower signal variability, a pattern linked to smaller RT-indices related to executive functioning of shifting, goal-maintenance, and conflict-monitoring. Our findings underscore the important role of language diversity in influencing bilinguals' neurocognitive characteristics of executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Ju Yu Wong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Wen Lee
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - W Quin Yow
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
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23
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Nenadić I. Narcissistic Traits and Executive Functions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707887. [PMID: 34790143 PMCID: PMC8591048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several personality disorders have been associated with cognitive impairment, including executive functions like working memory. Yet, it is unclear whether subclinical expression in non-clinical persons is associated with cognitive functioning. Recent studies indicate that non-clinical subjects might, in fact, perform better with increasing moderate to mild expressions of narcissistic features. We tested working memory performance in a cohort of n=70 psychiatrically and neurologically healthy subjects using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS/WIE) subtests Arithmetic, Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing, and assessed narcissistic features using three different inventories: the widely used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), as well as two clinically used measures of narcissistic traits and states, respectively, derived from schema-focused therapy, i.e., the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) entitlement/grandiosity subscale and the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) self-aggrandizer subscale. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found nominally significant positive correlations of WIE Arithmetic performance with NPI total score (Spearman's rho=0.208; p=0.043) and SMI self-aggrandizer scale (Spearman's rho=0.231; p=0.027), but findings did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple comparisons (pFDR=0.189 and pFDR=0.243, respectively). While our findings add to recent studies on cognitive performance in subclinical narcissism, they fail to demonstrate an association of cognitive performance with narcissistic traits across multiple working memory tests, indicating the need for additional study, including complementary executive functions in larger cohorts and ranges of phenotype expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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24
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Tang R, Etzel JA, Kizhner A, Braver TS. Frontoparietal pattern similarity analyses of cognitive control in monozygotic twins. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118415. [PMID: 34298081 PMCID: PMC8958982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to flexibly adapt thoughts and actions in a goal-directed manner appears to rely on cognitive control mechanisms that are strongly impacted by individual differences. A powerful research strategy for investigating the nature of individual variation is to study monozygotic (identical) twins. Evidence of twin effects have been observed in prior behavioral and neuroimaging studies, yet within the domain of cognitive control, it remains to be demonstrated that the neural underpinnings of such effects are specific and reliable. Here, we utilize a multi-task, within-subjects event-related neuroimaging design with functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate twin effects through multivariate pattern similarity analyses. We focus on fronto-parietal brain regions exhibiting consistently increased activation associated with cognitive control demands across four task domains: selective attention, context processing, multi-tasking, and working memory. Healthy young adult monozygotic twin pairs exhibited increased similarity of within- and cross-task activation patterns in these fronto-parietal regions, relative to unrelated pairs. Twin activation pattern similarity effects were clearest under high control demands, were not present in a set of task-unrelated parcels or due to anatomic similarity, and were primarily observed during the within-trial timepoints in which the control demands peaked. Together, these results indicate that twin similarity in the neural representation of cognitive control may be domain-general but also functionally and temporally specific in relation to the level of control demand. The findings suggest a genetic and/or environmental basis for individual variation in cognitive control function, and highlight the potential of twin-based neuroimaging designs for exploring heritability questions within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - Joset A Etzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Alexander Kizhner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis 63130, Missouri, USA
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25
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Ewais T, Begun J, Kenny M, Hay K, Houldin E, Chuang KH, Tefay M, Kisely S. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for youth with inflammatory bowel disease and depression - Findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial. J Psychosom Res 2021; 149:110594. [PMID: 34399198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a promising adjunctive treatment for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and comorbid depression. OBJECTIVES This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of an adapted MBCT program for AYA, aged 16-29, with IBD. METHODS Sixty-four AYAs were randomly allocated to MBCT (n = 33) or treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 31). Primary outcome measure was the depression score on Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, stress, IBD-related quality of life, coping, mindfulness, post-traumatic growth, medication adherence, IBD activity, inflammatory markers, microbiome characteristics and brain functional connectivity. RESULTS Study recruitment rate was 75%, retention rate 70%, and session attendance 92%. Intention to treat analyses revealed that, compared to TAU group, MBCT group had significantly lower depression (∆ = -6.0; 95%CI = -10.8 to -1.2; P = 0.015) and stress (∆ = -5.1; 95%CI = -10.1 to -0.0; P = 0.049), higher active coping (∆ = 1.0;95%CI = 0.1-1.9; P = 0.022), and total mindfulness scores (∆ = 10.9;95%CI = 1.1-20.8; P = 0.030) at 8 weeks (post-therapy), and improved coping by positive reframing (∆ = 1.1;95%CI = 0.0-2.2; P = 0.043) and planning (∆ = 0.9;95%CI = 0.0-1.9; P = 0.045), mindful awareness (∆ = 5.2.;95%CI = 2.0-8.5; P = 0.002) and total mindfulness scores (∆ = 10.8.;95%CI = 0.4-21.1; P = 0.042) at 20 weeks. On per protocol analysis, MBCT group had significantly lower depression (∆ = -6.3; 95%CI = -11.4 to -1.2; P = 0.015), stress (∆ = -6.0; 95%CI = -11.2 to -0.5; P = 0.032), increased active coping (∆ = 0.9;95%CI = 0-1.7; P = 0.05) at 8 weeks, and mindful awareness (∆ = 5.4; 95%CI = 2.1-8.6; P = 0.001) at 20 weeks. CONCLUSION In AYAs with IBD, MBCT is feasible and beneficial in improving depression, stress, mindfulness and adaptive coping. It holds promise as an important component of integrated IBD care. Trial registration number ACTRN12617000876392, U1111-1197-7370; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ewais
- School of Medicine, Mater Clinical School and Princess Alexandra Clinical School, Raymond Terrace, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 5005, Australia.
| | - J Begun
- School of Medicine, Mater Clinical School and Princess Alexandra Clinical School, Raymond Terrace, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - M Kenny
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - K Hay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Evan Houldin
- Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | | | - M Tefay
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - S Kisely
- School of Medicine, Mater Clinical School and Princess Alexandra Clinical School, Raymond Terrace, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Metro South Health Service, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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26
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Greenwood P, Dudley J, Hutton J, DiFrancesco M, Farah R, Horowitz-Kraus T. Higher maternal education is related to negative functional connectivity between attention system networks and reading-related regions in children with reading difficulties compared to typical readers. Brain Res 2021; 1766:147532. [PMID: 34033755 PMCID: PMC8214310 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ten to 15% of school-age children have reading difficulties (RD, or dyslexia), defined by deficits in phonological processing, fluency, and executive functions (EFs). Although RD is referred to as a genetic disorder, reading ability may also be affected by environmental factors such as inadequate exposure to literacy and a lack of parental involvement. These environmental components are a part of the socioeconomic status (SES) measure, which is defined by parental occupation, educational attainment, and household income and are positively correlated to reading ability. The goal of the current study was to relate maternal education, a construct of SES to executive functions (EFs) that relate to reading in children with RD compared to typical readers (TRs) using behavioral and neurobiological resting-state fMRI data. The results show that higher maternal education is negatively correlated to inhibitory control for TRs and not for children with RD. Higher maternal education was also associated with negative functional connectivity of the frontal-parietal network to the left central opercular cortex and left occipital gyrus for children with RD compared to TRs. These results suggest that higher maternal education has contrasting roles on the behavioral and neurobiological correlates of EFs for children with RD compared to TRs. We conclude that higher education levels for mothers may provide their children with a structured environment and educational resources that may assist their children with RD and TRs with cognitive development based on their reading profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Greenwood
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - John Hutton
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mark DiFrancesco
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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27
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Marchesi O, Bonacchi R, Valsasina P, Preziosa P, Pagani E, Cacciaguerra L, Meani A, Conti L, Mistri D, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Functional and structural MRI correlates of executive functions in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2021; 28:742-756. [PMID: 34387534 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211033184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive dysfunctions, including difficulties in attention, working memory, planning, and inhibition affect 15%-28% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities underlying executive function (EF) in MS patients. METHODS A total 116 MS patients and 65 controls underwent resting-state (RS) and diffusion-weighted sequences and neuropsychological examination, including Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to test EF. Brain RS cognitive networks and fractional anisotropy (FA) from a priori selected white matter tracts were derived. Associations of WCST scores with RS functional connectivity (FC) and FA abnormalities were investigated. RESULTS In MS patients, predictors of working memory/updating were: lower corpus callosum (CC) FA, lower left working-memory network (WMN), right WMN RS FC for worse performance; lower executive control network (ECN), higher default-mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN) RS FC for better performance (R2 = 0.35). Predictors of attention were lower CC genu FA, lower left WMN, and DMN RS FC for worse performance; higher left WMN and ECN RS FC for better performance (R2 = 0.24). Predictors of worse shifting/inhibition were lower CC genu and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) FA, lower left WMN RS FC for worse performance; and higher ECN RS FC for better performance (R2 = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS CC and SCP microstructural damage and RS FC abnormalities in cognitive networks underlie EF frailty in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Marchesi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Bonacchi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Valsasina
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cacciaguerra
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Meani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Conti
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Mistri
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy/Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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28
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Wang C, Van Dyk K, Cho N, Raymond C, Choi J, Salamon N, Pope WB, Lai A, Cloughesy TF, Nghiemphu PL, Ellingson BM. Characterization of cognitive function in survivors of diffuse gliomas using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:239-251. [PMID: 34350525 PMCID: PMC8825610 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As treatments for diffuse gliomas have advanced, survival for patients with gliomas has also increased. However, there remains limited knowledge on the relationships between brain connectivity and the lasting changes to cognitive function that glioma survivors often experience long after completing treatment. This resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study explored functional connectivity (FC) alterations associated with cognitive function in survivors of gliomas. In this pilot study, 22 patients (mean age 43.8 ± 11.9) with diffuse gliomas who completed treatment within the past 10 years were evaluated using rs-fMRI and neuropsychological measures. Novel rs-fMRI analysis methods were used to account for missing brain in the resection cavity. FC relationships were assessed between cognitively impaired and non-impaired glioma patients, along with self-reported cognitive impairment, non-work daily functioning, and time with surgery. In the cognitively non-impaired patients, FC was stronger in the medial prefrontal cortex, rostral prefrontal cortex, and intraparietal sulcus compared to the impaired survivors. When examining non-work daily functioning, a positive correlation with FC was observed between the accumbens and the intracalcarine cortices, while a negative correlation with FC was observed between the parietal operculum cortex and the cerebellum. Additionally, worse self-reported cognitive impairment and worse non-work daily functioning were associated with increased FC between regions involved in cognition and sensorimotor processing. These preliminary findings suggest that neural correlates for cognitive and daily functioning in glioma patients can be revealed using rs-fMRI. Resting-state network alterations may serve as a biomarker for patients’ cognition and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencai Wang
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Van Dyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Cho
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. .,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Klugah-Brown B, Jiang C, Agoalikum E, Zhou X, Zou L, Yu Q, Becker B, Biswal B. Common abnormality of gray matter integrity in substance use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative voxel-based meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3871-3886. [PMID: 34105832 PMCID: PMC8288096 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to determine robust transdiagnostic brain structural markers for compulsivity by capitalizing on the increasing number of case‐control studies examining gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in substance use disorders (SUD) and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Voxel‐based meta‐analysis within the individual disorders and conjunction analysis were employed to reveal common GMV alterations between SUDs and OCD. Meta‐analytic coordinates and signed brain volumetric maps determining directed (reduced/increased) GMV alterations between the disorder groups and controls served as the primary outcome. The separate meta‐analysis demonstrated that SUD and OCD patients exhibited widespread GMV reductions in frontocortical regions including prefrontal, cingulate, and insular. Conjunction analysis revealed that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) consistently exhibited decreased GMV across all disorders. Functional characterization suggests that the IFG represents a core hub in the cognitive control network and exhibits bidirectional (Granger) causal interactions with the striatum. Only OCD showed increased GMV in the dorsal striatum with higher changes being associated with more severe OCD symptomatology. Together the findings demonstrate robustly decreased GMV across the disorders in the left IFG, suggesting a transdiagnostic brain structural marker. The functional characterization as a key hub in the cognitive control network and casual interactions with the striatum suggest that deficits in inhibitory control mechanisms may promote compulsivity and loss of control that characterize both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Elijah Agoalikum
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise & Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise & Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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30
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Nicolas K, Goodin P, Visser MM, Michie PT, Bivard A, Levi C, Parsons MW, Karayanidis F. Altered Functional Connectivity and Cognition Persists 4 Years After a Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:612177. [PMID: 34163417 PMCID: PMC8215289 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.612177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Altered executive functions and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are common following a minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). However, the long-term persistence of these abnormalities is not well-studied. We investigated whether there were cognitive and rsFC differences between (a) controls and minor cerebrovascular event (CVE) patients and (b) between CVE patients with and without an imaging confirmed infarct (i.e., minor stroke and TIA, respectively) at an average of 3.8 years following their event. Methods: Structural and resting-state imaging and cognitive assessments including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Trail Making Task and the National Institute of Health (NIH) Cognition Toolbox were conducted on 42 patients (minor stroke = 17, TIA = 25) and 20 healthy controls (total N = 62). Results: Controls performed better than patients on two measures of executive functioning (both p < 0.046) and had reduced rsFC between the frontoparietal and default mode networks (FPN and DMN, respectively; p = 0.035). No cognitive differences were found between minor stroke and TIA patients, however, rsFC differences were found within the FPN and the DMN (both p < 0.013). Specifically, increased connectivity within the FPN was associated with faster performance in the minor stroke group but not the TIA group (p = 0.047). Conclusions: These findings suggest that transient or relatively minor cerebrovascular events are associated with persistent disruption of functional connectivity of neural networks and cognitive performance. These findings suggest a need for novel interventions beyond secondary prevention to reduce the risk of persistent cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korinne Nicolas
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Goodin
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Milanka M Visser
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Partnership for Health, Education, Research and Enterprise, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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31
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Houldin E, Fang Z, Ray LB, Stojanoski B, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Reversed and increased functional connectivity in non-REM sleep suggests an altered rather than reduced state of consciousness relative to wake. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11943. [PMID: 34099771 PMCID: PMC8184935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep resting state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) is poorly understood, particularly for rapid eye movement (REM), and in non-sleep deprived subjects. REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep involve competing drives; towards hypersynchronous cortical oscillations in NREM; and towards wake-like desynchronized oscillations in REM. This study employed simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) to explore whether sleep RSN FC reflects these opposing drives. As hypothesized, this was confirmed for the majority of functional connections modulated by sleep. Further, changes were directional: e.g., positive wake correlations trended towards negative correlations in NREM and back towards positive correlations in REM. Moreover, the majority did not merely reduce magnitude, but actually either reversed and strengthened in the opposite direction, or increased in magnitude during NREM. This finding supports the notion that NREM is best expressed as having altered, rather than reduced FC. Further, as many of these functional connections comprised “higher-order” RSNs (which have been previously linked to cognition and consciousness), such as the default mode network, this finding is suggestive of possibly concomitant alterations to cognition and consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Houldin
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Bobby Stojanoski
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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32
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Ten Brinke LF, Hsu CL, Erickson KI, Handy TC, Liu-Ambrose T. Functional Connectivity and Response Inhibition: A Secondary Analysis of an 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Computerized Cognitive Training. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1525-1537. [PMID: 33720882 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognitive function in older adults, particularly executive functions. However, the underlying mechanisms by which CCT may improve executive functions are not well established. OBJECTIVE To determine: 1) inter-network functional connectivity correlates of changes in executive functions; and 2) the effect of CCT on these functional connectivity correlates. METHODS This secondary analysis included a subset of 124 adults aged 65-85 years enrolled in an 8-week randomized controlled trial of CCT. Participants were randomized to either: 1) group-based CCT 3x/week for 1 hour plus 3x/week home-based training; 2) group-based CCT preceded by brisk walking (Ex+CCT) 3x/week for 1 hour plus 3x/week home-based training; or 3) group-based balanced and toned (BAT) classes 3x/week for 1 hour (control). At baseline and trial completion, 65 of the 124 participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests of executive functions, specifically the Stroop Colour-Word Test and Flanker Test. RESULTS Improved performance on the Stroop Colour-Word Test and Flanker Test were associated with decreased correlation between the default mode network (DMN) and the fronto-parietal network (FPN) (p < 0.05). Compared with BAT, CCT alone significantly decreased correlation between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and both the left and right medial temporal gyrus (-0.143, 95%CI [-0.256,-0.030], p = 0.014, and -0.123, 95%CI [-0.242,-0.004], p = 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSION Decreased correlation between DMN and FPN, indicating less connection between these networks, may be an underlying mechanism by which CCT improves executive functions. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne F Ten Brinke
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun Liang Hsu
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Todd C Handy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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33
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The Selective Dopamine D2 Blocker Sulpiride Modulates the Relationship Between Agentic Extraversion and Executive Functions. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:852-867. [PMID: 33811308 PMCID: PMC8354875 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies suggest that agentic extraversion and executive functions (EF) are associated, because they share influences of individual differences in the dopamine (DA) system. However, it is unclear whether previously reported associations are specific to certain EFs (e.g., to updating or shifting) or due to shared variance among EF tasks. We investigated the DA-related relationship between agentic extraversion and two EF tasks in a placebo-controlled between-group design with the DA D2 receptor blocker sulpiride (200 mg) in 92 female volunteers. Our goals were to investigate whether (1) there is an association between agentic extraversion and EFs measured with two different tasks (3-back and switching), (2) this association is sensitive to a pharmacological manipulation of DA, and (3) the effects can be ascribed to shared or specific task variance. We observed the expected interaction between drug condition and agentic extraversion for both tasks in a multivariate multiple linear regression model, which supports the DA theory of extraversion. Subsequent univariate analyses revealed a highly similar interaction effect between drug condition and agentic extraversion on two of three performance measures and this effect was somewhat attenuated when we controlled for shared task variance. This pattern matches the interpretation that the association between agentic extraversion and both tasks is partly due to DA-based processes shared among the tasks. Our results, although limited by the low reliability of the switching task, suggest that variance components and measurement difficulties of EF tasks should be considered when investigating personality-related individual differences in EFs.
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34
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Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Mathematical Expertise. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040430. [PMID: 33800679 PMCID: PMC8065786 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To what extent are different levels of expertise reflected in the functional connectivity of the brain? We addressed this question by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in mathematicians versus non-mathematicians. To this end, we investigated how the two groups of participants differ in the correlation of their spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations across the whole brain regions during resting state. Moreover, by using the classification algorithm in machine learning, we investigated whether the resting-state fMRI networks between mathematicians and non-mathematicians were distinguished depending on features of functional connectivity. We showed diverging involvement of the frontal-thalamic-temporal connections for mathematicians and the medial-frontal areas to precuneus and the lateral orbital gyrus to thalamus connections for non-mathematicians. Moreover, mathematicians who had higher scores in mathematical knowledge showed a weaker connection strength between the left and right caudate nucleus, demonstrating the connections' characteristics related to mathematical expertise. Separate functional networks between the two groups were validated with a maximum classification accuracy of 91.19% using the distinct resting-state fMRI-based functional connectivity features. We suggest the advantageous role of preconfigured resting-state functional connectivity, as well as the neural efficiency for experts' successful performance.
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35
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Liu M, Backer RA, Amey RC, Splan EE, Magerman A, Forbes CE. Context Matters: Situational Stress Impedes Functional Reorganization of Intrinsic Brain Connectivity during Problem-Solving. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2111-2124. [PMID: 33251535 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has established a relationship between individual differences in brain activity in a resting state and individual differences in behavior. Conversely, when individuals are engaged in various tasks, certain task-evoked reorganization occurs in brain functional connectivity, which can consequently influence individuals' performance as well. Here, we show that resting state and task-dependent state brain patterns interact as a function of contexts engendering stress. Findings revealed that when the resting state connectome was examined during performance, the relationship between connectome strength and performance only remained for participants under stress (who also performed worse than all other groups on the math task), suggesting that stress preserved brain patterns indicative of underperformance whereas non-stressed individuals spontaneously transitioned out of these patterns. Results imply that stress may impede the reorganization of a functional network in task-evoked brain states. This hypothesis was subsequently verified using graph theory measurements on a functional network, independent of behavior. For participants under stress, the functional network showed less topological alterations compared to non-stressed individuals during the transition from resting state to task-evoked state. Implications are discussed for network dynamics as a function of context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert A Backer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rachel C Amey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Eric E Splan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Adam Magerman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Chad E Forbes
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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36
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Zhou S, Xiong P, Ren H, Tan W, Yan Y, Gao Y. Aberrant dorsal attention network homogeneity in patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 111:107278. [PMID: 32693375 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal attention network (DAN) is involved in the process that causes wide-ranging cognitive damage resulted in right temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE). Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated the relationship between DAN and rTLE. There has been little research on alterations in the network homogeneity (NH) of the DAN in rTLE. The aim of the present study was to investigate NH changes in DAN in patients with rTLE. We included 85 patients with rTLE and 69 healthy controls in this study, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired. The NH method was used for data analysis. All subjects took the attention network test (ANT). Network homogeneity in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) and right precuneus (PCU) was significantly higher in patients with rTLE than in healthy controls. The reaction time (RT) was significantly longer in patients with rTLE than in controls. Notably, we observed no significant relationship between the clinical variables and the abnormal NH. These results indicated that abnormal alterations in DAN existed in patients with rTLE and highlighted the crucial role of DAN in the pathophysiology of cognitive damage in rTLE. Our findings suggested that the executive function (EF) significantly weakened in patients with rTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyu Zhou
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Pingan Xiong
- Department of Taihe Hospital Reproductive Medicine Center Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Yanguo Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China.
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37
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Morrison CL, Rhee SH, Smolker HR, Corley RP, Hewitt JK, Friedman NP. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Stressful Life Events and their Associations with Executive Functions in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Twin Analysis. Behav Genet 2020; 51:30-44. [PMID: 32959091 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although stress is frequently considered an environmental factor, dependent stressful life events (SLEs)--stressors that result from one's actions or behaviors--may in fact be evoked by a genetic liability. It has been suggested that dependent SLEs may be partially caused by poor executive function (EFs), higher-level cognitive abilities that enable individuals to implement goal-directed behavior. We investigated the possibility of genetic and environmental overlap between SLEs and EFs in a longitudinal twin study. We found high genetic stability in the number of dependent SLEs from age 23 to age 29, suggesting that the number of dependent stressors show persistence across time due to their genetic etiology. In addition, there was a nominally significant negative genetic correlation between a Common EF latent factor and dependent SLEs at age 23. The genetic stability of dependent SLEs and association with Common EF provides insight into how some behaviors may lead to persistent stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Morrison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Soo Hyun Rhee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Harry R Smolker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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38
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McPhilemy G, Nabulsi L, Kilmartin L, Whittaker JR, Martyn FM, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Murphy K, Cannon DM. Resting-State Network Patterns Underlying Cognitive Function in Bipolar Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis. Brain Connect 2020; 10:355-367. [PMID: 32458698 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Synchronous and antisynchronous activity between neural elements at rest reflects the physiological processes underlying complex cognitive ability. Regional and pairwise connectivity investigations suggest that perturbations in these activity patterns may relate to widespread cognitive impairments seen in bipolar disorder (BD). Here we take a network-based perspective to more meaningfully capture interactions among distributed brain regions compared to focal measurements and examine network-cognition relationships across a range of commonly affected cognitive domains in BD in relation to healthy controls. Methods: Resting-state networks were constructed as matrices of correlation coefficients between regionally averaged resting-state time series from 86 cortical/subcortical brain regions (FreeSurferv5.3.0). Cognitive performance measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB), and Reading the Mind in the Eyes tests was examined in relation to whole-brain connectivity measures and patterns of connectivity using a permutation-based statistical approach. Results: Faster response times in controls (n = 49) related to synchronous activity between frontal, parietal, cingulate, temporal, and occipital regions, while a similar response times in BD (n = 35) related to antisynchronous activity between regions of this subnetwork. Across all subjects, antisynchronous activity between the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, cingulate, insula, and amygdala regions related to improved memory performance. No resting-state subnetworks related to intelligence, executive function, short-term memory, or social cognition performance in the overall sample or in a manner that would explain deficits in these facets in BD. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate alterations in the intrinsic connectivity patterns underlying response timing in BD that are not specific to performance or errors on the same tasks. Across all individuals, no strong effects of resting-state global topology on cognition are found, while distinct functional networks supporting episodic and spatial memory highlight intrinsic inhibitory influences present in the resting state that facilitate memory processing. Impact Statement Regional and pairwise-connectivity investigations suggest altered interactions between brain areas may contribute to impairments in cognition that are observed in bipolar disorder. However, the distributed nature of these interactions across the brain remains poorly understood. Using recent advances in network neuroscience, we examine functional connectivity patterns associated with multiple cognitive domains in individuals with and without bipolar disorder. We discover distinct patterns of connectivity underlying response-timing performance uniquely in bipolar disorder and, independent of diagnosis, inhibitory interactions that relate to memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Kilmartin
- College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Joseph R Whittaker
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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39
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Roye S, Castagna PJ, Calamia M, De Vito AN, Lee TH, Greening SG. Relationships between multiple dimensions of executive functioning and resting-state networks in adults. Neuropsychologia 2020; 141:107418. [PMID: 32169318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to examine the functional connectivity of resting state networks (RSNs) as they relate to the individual domains of executive functioning (EF). Based on the Unity and Diversity model (Miyake et al., 2000), EF performance was captured using a three-factor model proposed by Karr et al. (2018), which includes inhibition, shifting, and fluency. Publicly available data was used from the Nathan Kline Institute -Rockland project was used. Of the 722 participants who completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), which was used to measure EF performance, 269 of these individuals completed resting state fMRI scans. First, a confirmatory factory analysis replicated Karr et al. (2018) revealing three components: inhibition, shifting and fluency. Next, RSNs were identified across the sample using an Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and was compared to previously established intrinsic connectivity networks (Laird et al., 2011). Finally, dual regression was used to analyze the relationships between the functional connectivity of RSNs and EF performance, which indicated that RSNs were differentially associated with inhibition and shifting. Better inhibition was related to increased connectivity between the left striatum and the attentional control network. Better shifting performance was related to increased connectivity between the pre- and postcentral gyri and the speech and sensorimotor network. These results highlight individual differences within these RSNs that are unique to the literature, as non-EF confounds are mitigated within the current measurements of EF performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Roye
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - Peter J Castagna
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew Calamia
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Alyssa N De Vito
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Steven G Greening
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Herbet G, Duffau H. Revisiting the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain: Toward a Meta-Networking Theory of Cerebral Functions. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1181-1228. [PMID: 32078778 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than one century, brain processing was mainly thought in a localizationist framework, in which one given function was underpinned by a discrete, isolated cortical area, and with a similar cerebral organization across individuals. However, advances in brain mapping techniques in humans have provided new insights into the organizational principles of anatomo-functional architecture. Here, we review recent findings gained from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, as well as lesion studies. Based on these recent data on brain connectome, we challenge the traditional, outdated localizationist view and propose an alternative meta-networking theory. This model holds that complex cognitions and behaviors arise from the spatiotemporal integration of distributed but relatively specialized networks underlying conation and cognition (e.g., language, spatial cognition). Dynamic interactions between such circuits result in a perpetual succession of new equilibrium states, opening the door to considerable interindividual behavioral variability and to neuroplastic phenomena. Indeed, a meta-networking organization underlies the uniquely human propensity to learn complex abilities, and also explains how postlesional reshaping can lead to some degrees of functional compensation in brain-damaged patients. We discuss the major implications of this approach in fundamental neurosciences as well as for clinical developments, especially in neurology, psychiatry, neurorehabilitation, and restorative neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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D'Souza MM, Kumar M, Choudhary A, Kaur P, Kumar P, Rana P, Trivedi R, Sekhri T, Singh AK. Alterations of connectivity patterns in functional brain networks in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroradiol J 2020; 33:186-197. [PMID: 31992126 DOI: 10.1177/1971400920901706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we aimed to characterise changes in functional brain networks in individuals who had sustained uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We assessed the progression of these changes into the chronic phase. We also attempted to explore how these changes influenced the severity of post-concussion symptoms as well as the cognitive profile of the patients. METHODS A total of 65 patients were prospectively recruited for an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan within 7 days of sustaining mTBI. Of these, 25 were reassessed at 6 months post injury. Differences in functional brain networks were analysed between cases and age- and sex-matched healthy controls using independent component analysis of resting-state functional MRI. RESULTS Our study revealed reduced functional connectivity in multiple networks, including the anterior default mode network, central executive network, somato-motor and auditory network in patients who had sustained mTBI. A negative correlation between network connectivity and severity of post-concussive symptoms was observed. Follow-up studies performed 6 months after injury revealed an increase in network connectivity, along with an improvement in the severity of post-concussion symptoms. Neurocognitive tests performed at this time point revealed a positive correlation between the functional connectivity and the test scores, along with a persistence of negative correlation between network connectivity and post-concussive symptom severity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that uncomplicated mTBI is associated with specific abnormalities in functional brain networks that evolve over time and may contribute to the severity of post-concussive symptoms and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | | | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Poonam Rana
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Richa Trivedi
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Tarun Sekhri
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
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Keyvanfard F, Nasiraei-Moghaddam A, Hagmann P. Interindividual Covariations of Brain Functional and Structural Connectivities Are Decomposed Blindly to Subnetworks: A Fusion-Based Approach. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1779-1788. [PMID: 31710412 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying brain interindividual variations has recently gained interest to understand different human behaviors. It is particularly important to investigate how a variety of functional differences can be associated with a few differences in brain structure. It would be more meaningful if such an investigation is performed jointly at the network level to connect structural building blocks to functional variations modules. PURPOSE To decompose the interindividual variations of brain in the form of mutual functional and structural subnetworks based on a data-driven approach. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 92 healthy subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T Siemens/MPRAGE, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) acquisition protocol, gradient echo sequence. ASSESSMENT The proposed approach was quantitatively assessed by examining the consistency of the networks against the number of subjects. Distribution of the obtained components across brain regions was studied and their relevance was qualitatively evaluated by comparison to variations that had been independently reported previously. STATISTICAL TESTS Permutation test, two-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Ten pairs of components including functional and structural subnetworks were obtained. Assessing the reproducibility of the proposed method with respect to the sample size indicated reliable detection of connections (above 70%) for all components by reducing the number of subjects to 70. Specifically, one of the functional subnetworks can be used to distinguish left-handed from right-handed people (P = 2.6 × 10-8 ) as the basic interindividual variation. This functional subnetwork has a main overlap (40.18%) with the somatomotor system and the Broca part was captured in its corresponding structural subnetwork. DATA CONCLUSION These results show that the proposed method can reveal intersubject variations systematically through a mathematical algorithm of joint independent component analysis. They confirm that intersubject variations can be expressed in the form of building blocks. In contrast to the functional subnetworks that were discoverable independently, their structural counterparts were found and interpreted only in conjunction with the functional subnetworks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1779-1788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Keyvanfard
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Nasiraei-Moghaddam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yaple ZA, Stevens WD, Arsalidou M. Meta-analyses of the n-back working memory task: fMRI evidence of age-related changes in prefrontal cortex involvement across the adult lifespan. Neuroimage 2019; 196:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Soldan A, Moghekar A, Walker KA, Pettigrew C, Hou X, Lu H, Miller MI, Alfini A, Albert M, Xu D, Xiao MF, Worley P. Resting-State Functional Connectivity Is Associated With Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of the Synaptic Protein NPTX2 in Non-demented Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:132. [PMID: 31231205 PMCID: PMC6568192 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks has been shown to change with aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These alterations are thought to reflect changes in synaptic function, but the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study examined whether Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), a synaptic protein that mediates homeostatic strengthening of inhibitory circuits to control cortical excitability, is associated with functional connectivity as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in five large-scale cognitive brain networks. In this cross-sectional study, rsfMRI scans were obtained from 130 older individuals (mean age = 69 years) with normal cognition (N = 113) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (N = 17); NPTX2 was measured in the same individuals in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Higher levels of NPTX2 in CSF were associated with greater functional connectivity in the salience/ventral attention network, based on linear regression analysis. Moreover, this association was stronger among individuals with lower levels of cognitive reserve, as measured by a composite score (comprised of years of education, reading, and vocabulary measures). Additionally, higher connectivity in the salience/ventral attention network was related to better performance on a composite measure of executive function. Levels of NPTX2 were not associated with connectivity in other networks (executive control, limbic, dorsal attention, and default-mode). Findings also confirmed prior reports that individuals with MCI have lower levels of NPTX2 compared to those with normal cognition. Taken together, the results suggest that NPTX2 mechanisms may play a central role among older individuals in connectivity within the salience/ventral attention network and for cognitive tasks that require modulation of attention and response selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xirui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael I Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfonso Alfini
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Desheng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul Worley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zwilling CE, Talukdar T, Zamroziewicz MK, Barbey AK. Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and fMRI measures of network efficiency in the aging brain. Neuroimage 2019; 188:239-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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