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An S, Welch-Brewer C, Tadese H. Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Programs for Undergraduate College Students. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:3099-3114. [PMID: 38533852 PMCID: PMC11370195 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing that intimate partner violence (IPV) negatively affects college students' health and well-being, colleges offer preventive interventions to address these effects. However, scholarly evidence on this effort has been limited, such that we know little about the risk factors addressed, theoretical approaches, target outcomes, and other essential intervention characteristics. To address this gap, this study reviewed evidence-based IPV preventive interventions conducted in U.S. colleges reported in 25 peer-reviewed articles and dissertations published between 2010 and 2020. Findings showed that IPV preventive interventions for college students were designed to address multilevel risk factors of IPV, typically via bystander interventions and emerging skill-building interventions. Most IPV preventive interventions were theoretically driven primary preventions or a combination of primary and secondary preventions. Most studies of program outcomes focus on awareness of IPV and bystander roles, but 44% of the included articles measured participants' behavioral outcomes (e.g., actual bystander behavior, reaction to IPV disclosure, IPV screening behavior, social emotional skill use, or decreased rates of IPV perpetration) based on participants' use of skill-building components (e.g., bystander strategies, healthy relationship skills, conflict resolution, communication skills, empathy, and self-regulation). Student participants in the included studies were predominantly white (>60%) and only two studies included any Latinx students or students at historically Black colleges and universities. This review indicates that future IPV prevention practice, policy, and research must further define and explore how multilevel IPV prevention approaches can address the various systems level of needs among diverse student subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonok An
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | | | - Helen Tadese
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
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Dai X, Lu S, Sullivan AA, Hu H. "All you need is compassion?" a latent profile analysis of neglect and self-compassion on child mental health. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:799-807. [PMID: 39029682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglect is a common form of child maltreatment and profoundly affects children's mental health globally. Self-compassion may help children cope with neglect but the role of self-compassion in neglect context has been understudied. This study identifies distinct patterns of self-compassion and child neglect and explores how neglect and self-compassion profiles correlate with child mental health. METHODS The sample includes 3342 children aged 8-16 (49.6 % female) from a national survey of 29 provinces in China using a multistage sampling method. We used latent profile analysis to identify distinct profiles of self-compassion and neglect and examine their combined effects on child mental health, including both positive indicators (hope, resilience) and negative indicators (anxiety, depression, academic burnout, and peer problems). RESULTS We identified four neglect/self-compassion profiles: Adaptable Self-Carers (average neglect/high self-compassion), Vulnerable Languishers (high neglect/low self-compassion), Stable Self-Soothers (low neglect/average self-compassion), and Opportune Thrivers (low neglect/high self-compassion). The Vulnerable Languishers group exhibited the poorest mental health outcomes, whereas the Opportune Thrivers showed the best outcomes. Adaptable Self-Carers, although experiencing more neglect than Stable Self-Soothers, had better mental health than the latter, possibly due to their greater self-compassion. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits our ability to determine causality, and the use of self-reported measures increases response bias risk. CONCLUSIONS More self-compassion and less neglect are associated with more positive mental health outcomes. Moreover, self-compassion is a potential protective factor against the adverse effects of neglect on child mental health. Fostering self-compassion may boost positive adjustment in children who have experienced neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Dai
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Social Work, 15 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Lu
- University of Central Florida, School of Social Work, 12805 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Alfred Sullivan
- University of Central Florida, School of Public Administration, 500 W. Livingston St, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Renmin University of China, School of Public Administration and Policy, Qiushi Building, 59 Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Masuya J, Morishita C, Ono M, Honyashiki M, Tamada Y, Seki T, Shimura A, Tanabe H, Inoue T. Moderation by better sleep of the association among childhood maltreatment, neuroticism, and depressive symptoms in the adult volunteers: A moderated mediation model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305033. [PMID: 38995961 PMCID: PMC11244762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated that childhood maltreatment could worsen depressive symptoms through neuroticism. On the one hand, some studies report that sleep disturbances are related to childhood maltreatment and neuroticism and worsens depressive symptoms. But, to our knowledge, no reports to date have shown the interrelatedness between childhood maltreatment, neuroticism, and depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance in the one model. We hypothesized that sleep disturbance enhances the influence of maltreatment victimization in childhood or neuroticism on adulthood depressive symptoms and the mediation influence of neuroticism between maltreatment victimization in childhood and adulthood depressive symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Total 584 Japanese volunteer adults recruited through convenience sampling from 4/2017 to 4/2018 were assessed regarding their characteristics of demographics, history of childhood maltreatment, sleep disturbance, neuroticism, and depressive symptoms with questionnaires self-administered. Survey data were analyzed using simple moderation models and a moderating mediation model. RESULTS The interaction of sleep disturbance with childhood maltreatment or neuroticism on depressive symptoms was significantly positive. Furthermore, the moderating effect of sleep disturbance on the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment to depressive symptoms through neuroticism was significantly positive. LIMITATIONS Because this was a cross-sectional study, a causal relationship could not be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that individuals with milder sleep disturbance experience fewer depressive symptoms attributable to neuroticism and childhood maltreatment. Additionally, people with less sleep disturbance have fewer depressive symptoms arising from neuroticism owing to childhood maltreatment. Therefore, improvement of sleep disturbance will buffer the aggravating effect of childhood maltreatment, neuroticism caused by various factors, and neuroticism resulting from childhood maltreatment on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Miki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Honyashiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Seki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanabe
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Motamed-Jahromi M, Kaveh MH, Vitale E. Mindfulness and self-regulation intervention for improved self-neglect and self-regulation in diabetic older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13857. [PMID: 38879620 PMCID: PMC11180124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the impact of combined interventions including mindfulness and self-regulation on self-neglect and self-regulation among Iranian older adults with type 2 diabetes. This was a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial study conducted among 135 older diabetic patients in Shiraz, Iran. Three urban healthcare centers (clusters) were randomly assigned to three study groups. The intervention groups received either a Self-Regulation-based Intervention Program (SRIP) or a Combined Mindfulness and Self-Regulation Intervention Program (CMSRIP), while the control group received routine care and COVID-19 prevention training. These training programs, which consisted of text and video-based content, were conducted over 24 weeks using WhatsApp as a mobile-based communication platform. Outcomes were measured using the Elder Self-Neglect Scale and Short-Form Self-Regulation Questionnaire at baseline, week 4, and week 16 post-intervention, with data analysis conducted using SPSS 20 software. The CMSRIP led to significantly greater improvement in the score of self-regulation (χ2 = 73.23, P-Value = < .001) and a reduction in the score of self-neglect (χ2 = 62.97, P-Value = < .001) at both 4 weeks and 16 weeks after education compared to SRIP. In the control group, there was also a slight improvement. Improvement of self-regulation and reduction of self-neglect in all three groups were less in week 16 than in week 4. Nevertheless, the changes in the intervention groups were significantly better than the control group. This study confirmed a combination of mindfulness-based intervention and self-regulation intervention can effectively improve self-neglect and self-regulation behavior in older patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial registration: This trial (ISRCTN77260130) was retrospectively registered on 28/09/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Boulevard, P.O. Box: 7153675541, Shiraz, Iran.
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Hao F, Li P, Liang Z, Geng J. The association between childhood adverse experiences and internet addiction: A meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104270. [PMID: 38631153 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have explored the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Internet addiction (IA), yet the research findings on the association between them are inconclusive. We conducted a systematic search on 7 databases to identify the relevant studies published until January 2023, and analyzed the findings from 37 studies across 12 countries involving 45,364 participants aged 8 to 67 years (51 % women). Results indicated a positive correlation (r = 0.21) was found between ACE and IA around the world, which differed among continents. It was found that all ACE subtypes were significantly associated with IA (range r = 0.16 to 0.25). Meta-regression showed a stronger association among younger individuals without moderating effects of gender or publication year. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the significant association between ACEs and IA, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and preventive measures. Future research could delve into specific interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of ACEs on IA, such as cognitive-behavioral therapies or metacognitive therapy interventions. Additionally, investigating cultural factors that may influence this association could provide valuable insights into tailored approaches for different populations. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective strategies to address IA and its underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Hao
- School of Physical Education and Sports Exercise, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pengda Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Exercise, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhide Liang
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiaxian Geng
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
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Joss D, Teicher MH, Lazar SW. Beneficial effects of mindfulness-based intervention on hippocampal volumes and episodic memory for childhood adversity survivors. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2024; 16:100769. [PMID: 38737193 PMCID: PMC11086948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has detrimental impacts on neural development, especially hippocampal morphometry. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) has been shown to induce adaptive hippocampal changes especially at the subiculum. The present study aims to investigate the effects of MBI on subiculum volumes among ACE survivors, as well as the effects on episodic memory as a probe into hippocampal functionality. Methods We analyzed anatomical MRI data and performance indices from an episodic memory task called the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) collected from a randomized controlled longitudinal study that compared an 8-week MBI (N = 20) to an active control condition of Stress Management Education (SME) (N = 19). FreeSurfer 6.0 was used for automated hippocampal subfield segmentation and volumetric estimation. Results Significant group differences were observed with the volumetric changes of the right whole hippocampus and right subiculum. Only the MBI group showed improved pattern separation capability from MST, which was associated with stress reduction and right subiculum volumetric changes. Limitations Modest sample size. MST task was performed outside of MRI. Conclusions These findings suggest beneficial effects of MBI for hippocampal volumes and episodic memory, while highlighting the importance of the subiculum for MBI-induced neural and cognitive changes. The subiculum's known role in inhibitory control was interpreted as a potential mechanism for it to exhibit MBI-induced volumetric changes, which sheds light on the potential neural underpinnings of mindfulness meditation for reducing stress reactivity among ACE survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Martin H. Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Wang R, Gu X, Zhang Y, Luo K, Zeng X. Loving-kindness and compassion meditations in the workplace: A meta-analysis and future prospects. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3273. [PMID: 37221984 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) have been well applied among employees to improve their health and well-being. Existing studies on LKCM have also provided supportive evidence of its benefits and effectiveness under organizational contexts. The current meta-analytical study aimed to systematically summarise the effects of LKCM in the workplace and to outline directions for future research and practice. Among 327 empirical studies on LKCM published until March 2022, 21 trials focussed on employees and provided sufficient information, which were included in the following meta-analysis. The results showed that LKCM benefited eight categories of workplace outcomes. Specifically, LKCM effectively decreased employees' burnout (g = 0.395, k = 10) and stress (g = 0.544, k = 10) and facilitated their mindfulness (g = 0.558, k = 14), self-compassion (g = 0.646, k = 12), personal mental health (g = 0.308, k = 13), job attitudes (g = 0.283, k = 4), interpersonal relationships (g = 0.381, k = 12), and psychological resources (g = 0.406, k = 6). The results of moderation analyses further indicated that the participants' job type, gender, and the focus of LKCM might differentially fluctuate the magnitude of LKCM effects. To advance research and best practice, we finally pointed out several issues that deserve attention, such as long-term effects, underlying mechanisms, potential moderators, and outcomes or influential factors at the organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangzhou Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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D'elia Y, Whitfield T, Schlosser M, Lutz A, Barnhofer T, Chételat G, Marchant NL, Gonneaud J, Klimecki O. Impact of mindfulness-based and health self-management interventions on mindfulness, self-compassion, and physical activity in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: A secondary analysis of the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12558. [PMID: 38440222 PMCID: PMC10910278 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have a higher risk of dementia. Reducing this risk through behavioral interventions, which can increase emotional well-being (mindfulness and compassion) and physical activity, is crucial in SCD. METHODS SCD-Well is a multicenter, observer-blind, randomized, controlled, superiority trial. Three hundred forty-seven participants (mean [standard deviation] age: 72.7 [6.9] years; 64.6% women) were recruited from memory clinics in four European sites to assess the impact of an 8-week caring mindfulness-based approach for seniors (CMBAS) and a health self-management program (HSMP) on mindfulness, self-compassion, and physical activity. RESULTS CMBAS showed a significant within-group increase in self-compassion from baseline to post-intervention and both a within- and between-group increase to follow-up visit (24 weeks). HSMP showed a significant within- and between-group increase in physical activity from baseline to post-intervention and to follow-up visit. DISCUSSION Non-pharmacological interventions can differentially promote modifiable factors linked to healthy aging in older adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia D'elia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of Technology DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Tim Whitfield
- Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marco Schlosser
- Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Lutz
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
| | | | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders,” NeuroPresage Team, CyceronCaenFrance
| | - Natalie L. Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders,” NeuroPresage Team, CyceronCaenFrance
| | - Olga Klimecki
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of Developmental PsychologyUniversity of JenaJenaGermany
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Joss D, Lu J, Teicher MH, Lazar SW. Childhood adversity severity modulates the associations between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes in response to behavioral interventions. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2024; 15:100714. [PMID: 38314142 PMCID: PMC10836063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has been shown to have detrimental impact on amygdala structure. Prior research found that adaptive psychological changes after Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) were associated with amygdala volumetric changes. The present study aims to further investigate whether such effects also occur among ACE survivors and whether the effects are unique to MBI. Methods A total of 64 young adult childhood adversity survivors were randomized to an eight-week MBI or Stress Management Education (SME) as an active control condition. Anatomical MRI and questionnaires on mindfulness, stress and psychological health were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Due to subject dropout, the final sample included 39 subjects (MBI:20, SME:19). Results Both groups showed increased mindfulness levels, reduced stress, and improved psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and somatization), with no significant group by time interaction effect. There was no significant group difference on amygdala volumetric changes. Within the MBI group, childhood maltreatment severity was a significant mediator between changes of mindfulness levels and right amygdala volumetric changes. Across pooled sample of both groups, childhood maltreatment was a significant moderator for the effect of trait anxiety level changes on left amygdala volumetric changes. Limitations Modest sample size, relatively low retention rates, suboptimal monitoring of home practice. Conclusions MBI did not demonstrate overall better clinical effects than SME. Psychological-change-dependent amygdala volumetric change was not specific to MBI. Childhood maltreatment severity modulated the relationships between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Huang M, Hou J. Childhood maltreatment and suicide risk: The mediating role of self-compassion, mentalization, depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:52-61. [PMID: 37633526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a well-established risk factor for depression and increased suicide risk. This study aimed to investigate the distinctive mechanisms of individual types of CM on young adult suicide risk, by exploring the potential mediating role of mentalization, self-compassion, and depression. METHODS A total of 4873 adults completed a survey screening for experiences of CM, self-compassion, mentalization, depression, and suicide risk. RESULTS The path analysis revealed significant direct effects of mentalization, self-compassion, and depression on suicide risk. Moreover, mentalization, self-compassion, and depression mediated the relationship between emotional abuse/neglect and suicide risk, whereas physical neglect contributed to suicide risk only through mentalization and depression. Furthermore, sexual abuse had a significant direct effect on suicide risk, whereas physical abuse did not show any direct or indirect effects. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study limits its ability to establish causality, and the risk of recall bias in reporting physical or sexual abuse cannot be ignored. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first identification of disturbances in self-compassion, mentalization, and depression that mediate the relationship between various types of CM and suicide risk in young adults. Our findings suggest substantive differences in the impact of emotional CM compared to other forms of CM. Enhancing self-compassion and mentalization abilities could be valuable intervention strategies for individuals with a history of emotional CM. Addressing factors that hinder the recall of relevant subjective experiences of physical and sexual abuse is also critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxia Huang
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinbo Hou
- Student Mental Health Education Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Li D, Li S. Childhood trauma and problematic internet use: A meta-analysis based on students in mainland China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1115129. [PMID: 37123295 PMCID: PMC10132210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, the relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use has been widely studied by scholars, but the research conclusions on the relationship between them are not consistent. Some studies report that childhood trauma and problematic Internet use are significantly correlated. However, others believe that there is a weak correlation between them. So the relationship between them needs to be studied further. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use, and the effects of some moderating variables on both for students in Mainland China.MethodsThis study followed the requirements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement for literature screening. We searched the related studies on childhood trauma and problematic Internet use in Mainland China from January 2009 to November 2022 from CNKI, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP), Baidu scholar, ProQuest dissertations, SAGE Online Journals, Elsevier SDOL, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Medline, Scopus Database, PubMed Central, Embase, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CMA 3.0 was used to analyse the overall effect and test the moderating effect.ResultsAmong the papers included in the meta-analysis in this study, 31 papers reflected the relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use, involving 52,503 subjects, and the sample size ranged from 388 to 16,130. This relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use can be considered as a moderate correlation (r = 0.281, 95%CI[0.221, 0.338], p < 0.001). The results showed that the relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use was affected by different problematic Internet use measures. Meanwhile, meta-regression demonstrated that the relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use was moderated by survey’s year. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use also increases with increasing year. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and problematic Internet use was not affected by the region, grade, childhood trauma measures, publication source.ConclusionChildhood trauma is closely related to problematic Internet use. In order to reduce problematic Internet use, corresponding prevention and intervention measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dexian Li
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shunyu Li
- Center for Teacher Education Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shunyu Li,
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Fitzgerald M, Notice M. The Longitudinal Association Between Childhood Abuse and Positive and Negative Family Interactions in Midlife and Older Adults: The Role of Mindfulness Meditation and Gender. Res Aging 2023; 45:361-373. [PMID: 35786068 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood abuse has been linked to problematic familial relationships in adulthood; however, it remains unclear what factors buffer the association. Mindfulness research has demonstrated promise in improving relationships among adults abused during childhood, but research has focused on couples, with fewer studies examining familial relationships. METHODS Using a data sample of 2430 adults from the Midlife Development in the United States, the current study examined mindfulness as a moderator of childhood abuse and familial support and strain in adults. RESULTS Analysis of hierarchical regression revealed that mindfulness was a moderator of childhood abuse and family strain over a 10-year period in women, but not men. However, mindfulness did not moderate childhood abuse and support. DISCUSSION This examination of mindfulness in the context of familial relationships may help women more successfully manage negative familial interactions. Results indicate mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in improving familial relationships among adults abused by family members in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fitzgerald
- School of Child and Family Sciences, 5104University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg MS, USA
| | - Maxine Notice
- School of Human Services, 8253University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA
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Wu J, Liu S, Luo J, Li X, You J. The effects of childhood abuse, depression, and self-compassion on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: A moderated mediation model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 136:105993. [PMID: 36584519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread public health issue in adolescents. Exploring the risk and protective variables of NSSI is critical for prevention and intervention. Based on the experiential avoidance model (Chapman et al., 2006) and Nock's (2009) integrated model of NSSI, the current study tested a moderated mediation model to examine the impact of two risk factors, childhood abuse and depression, and one protective factor, self-compassion, on NSSI. METHODS Self-report measures were conducted among 758 Chinese adolescents (329 females and 429 males, mean age = 14.16 years, SD = 1.92) in Hong Kong, China regarding childhood abuse, depression, self-compassion, and NSSI. RESULTS Childhood abuse was found to be positively linked to NSSI, and this connection was mediated by depression. Self-compassion weakened the strength between childhood abuse and NSSI, along with that between childhood abuse and depression. CONCLUSIONS These results assist in understanding how NSSI develops and facilitate future studies to investigate how the risk and protective variables for NSSI interact. The clinical application of these findings was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Sihan Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jiawen Luo
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China.
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14
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Mindful self-compassion intervention among young adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: Reducing psychopathological symptoms, shame, and self-criticism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Phan ML, Renshaw TL, Caramanico J, Greeson JM, MacKenzie E, Atkinson-Diaz Z, Doppelt N, Tai H, Mandell DS, Nuske HJ. Mindfulness-based school interventions: A systematic review of outcome evidence quality by study design. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:1591-1613. [PMID: 36186722 PMCID: PMC9524483 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the current literature on mindfulness-based school interventions (MBSIs) by evaluating evidence across specific outcomes for youth. Methods We evaluated 77 studies with a total sample of 12,358 students across five continents, assessing the quality of each study through a robust coding system for evidence-based guidelines. Coders rated each study numerically per study design as 1++ (RCT with a very low risk of bias) to 4 (expert opinion) and across studies for the corresponding evidence letter grade, from highest quality ('A Grade') to lowest quality ('D Grade') evidence. Results The highest quality evidence ('A Grade') across outcomes indicated that MBSIs increased prosocial behavior, resilience, executive function, attention and mindfulness, and decreased anxiety, attention problems/ADHD behaviors and conduct behaviors. The highest quality evidence for well-being was split, with some studies showing increased well-being and some showing no improvements. The highest quality evidence suggests MBSIs have a null effect on depression symptoms. Conclusion This review demonstrates the promise of incorporating mindfulness interventions in school settings for improving certain youth outcomes. We urge researchers interested in MBSIs to study their effectiveness using more rigorous designs (e.g., RCTs with active control groups, multi-method outcome assessment, and follow-up evaluation), to minimize bias and promote higher quality-not just increased quantity-evidence that can be relied upon to guide school-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Phan
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | | | - Julie Caramanico
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Natalie Doppelt
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hungtzu Tai
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Mandell
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Heather J. Nuske
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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16
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Moore SK, Okst K, Smith L, Fatkin T, Creedon T, Fredericksen AK, Gawande R, Schuman-Olivier Z. "Today I Can Look in the Mirror and Like Myself": Effects of a Trauma-Informed Mindful Recovery Program on Self-Compassion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:780383. [PMID: 35719537 PMCID: PMC9201725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opioid-related deaths continue to rise. Psychological trauma is commonly comorbid with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Adverse childhood experiences can disrupt the development of emotion regulation, increasing risk of substance use. Self-compassion may reduce OUD risk and outcomes by facilitating emotion regulation, decreasing the toxicity of shame, and reducing internalized stigma that can hinder recovery. Mindfulness practice enhances self-compassion. Methods This study is part of a pilot (N = 18) of the Mindful Recovery OUD Care Continuum (M-ROCC) during buprenorphine office-based opioid treatment (OBOT). The present study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the intervention’s effects on self-compassion development, and to explore differential changes in self-compassion during the intervention among participants with varying intensity of trauma exposure measured by high levels of childhood adversity (defined by 4+ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at baseline). We conducted secondary analyses of a subset of qualitative interview data (N = 11 unique participants) collected for the pilot study (weeks 4 and 24, 14 total interviews) to elaborate upon changes in Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF) scores. Results In the primary pilot study, participants’ mean SCS-SF scores shifted significantly from baseline to week 24, β = 0.22, p = 0.028. This change is elaborated upon through interviews. Despite pervasive challenges to becoming more self-compassionate (e.g., trauma histories and substance use), participants reported increased compassionate self-responding and decreased uncompassionate self-responding. Mindfulness training was identified as the primary mechanism underlying the shift. Kindness to self and others and—to a lesser extent an increased sense of common humanity—were also identified as key to overall self-compassion. Compared to those in the lower ACEs group, participants in the higher ACEs group tended to have lower baseline self-compassion scores (d = 1.09, p = 0.055). Conclusion M-ROCC may increase self-compassion among patients with OUD during OBOT by increasing compassionate, and decreasing uncompassionate, self-responding. Patients with OUD with greater childhood adversity tended to have lower levels of self-compassion, which improved with M-ROCC. Future trials with larger samples are needed to confirm these potential outcomes, mechanisms, and differential impacts between ACEs subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Moore
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Kayley Okst
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Smith
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Fatkin
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Timothy Creedon
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Kiera Fredericksen
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richa Gawande
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Schramm E, Breuninger C, Wohlfarth R, Elsaesser M, Piosczyk H, Fangmeier T. Effectiveness of Nature- and Animal Assisted Mindfulness for Relapse Prevention in Depressed Patients With a History of Childhood Maltreatment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:899318. [PMID: 35911224 PMCID: PMC9329652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For relapse prevention in depression, conventional mindfulness programs such as the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy proved to be useful. However, early life trauma is a risk factor for having adverse experiences during meditation. Thus, for this patient group mindfulness skills are often difficult to learn and may be facilitated by using animals and a nature setting. METHODS The aim of the study was to evaluate the preventative efficacy of a nature- and animal assisted mindfulness program (NAM) over the course of 1 year in unstable or partially remitted depressed patients with a history of early life trauma. NAM included 8 group sessions of 150 min each over 8 weeks plus one booster session. Sixty-seven participants were randomized to either NAM combined with treatment-as-usual (TAU; guideline oriented treatment) or TAU alone. The primary outcome was depression diagnosis over the course of 12 months after end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included clinician- and self-rated depressive symptoms, quality of life, mindfulness skills, and rumination post, and 12 months after the intervention. In addition, we evaluated the participants' satisfaction with the program. RESULTS Analyses revealed significant differences in relapse rates and number of weeks depressed throughout the course in favor of NAM. Furthermore, global quality of life improved significantly more in the NAM group. There was no significant difference for other secondary outcomes. Satisfaction with the program was high with a low drop-out rate of 6%. The vast majority of the participants felt safe practicing mindfulness in nature and found sheep for assistance helpful and motivating. CONCLUSIONS A nature- and animal assisted mindfulness program proved to be feasible, highly acceptable, and more effective than standard treatment in preventing relapses in recurrently depressed patients with childhood maltreatment. Nature and animals can facilitate the engagement in the treatment process for individuals with a history of early trauma. However, further evidence in multicenter trials is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schramm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Breuninger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Wohlfarth
- Ani.Motion, Institute of Animal Assisted Psychotherapy, Sasbachwalden, Germany
| | - Moritz Elsaesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Piosczyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fangmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Lindsay EK. Mindfulness interventions for offsetting health risk following early life stress: Promising directions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100338. [PMID: 34589821 PMCID: PMC8474678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS), common to childhood maltreatment, socioeconomic disadvantage, and racial discrimination, is thought to create a proinflammatory phenotype that increases risk for poor health in adulthood. Systemic change is needed to address the root causes of ELS, but a substantial number of adults are already at increased health risk by virtue of ELS exposure. Interventions that target stress pathways have the potential to interrupt the trajectory from ELS to inflammatory disease risk in adulthood. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), which train acceptance toward present-moment experience, have shown promise for reducing stress and improving a variety of stress-sensitive health outcomes. Although MBIs have primarily been conducted in more advantaged populations, evidence suggests that they may be uniquely effective for improving mental health and health-related quality of life among those with a history of ELS. Whether these effects extend to physical health remains unknown. To shed light on this question, I review evidence that MBIs influence inflammatory markers in at-risk samples, explore the promise of MBIs for improving stress-related health outcomes in diverse at-risk populations, and describe adaptations to MBIs that may increase their acceptability and efficacy in populations exposed to ELS. This prior work sets the stage for well-controlled RCTs to evaluate whether MBIs influence stress and inflammatory pathways among those exposed to ELS and for pragmatic and implementation trials focused on disseminating MBIs to reach these at-risk populations. Overall, the evidence assembled here shows the potential of MBIs for offsetting physical health risk related to ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Lindsay
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology 600 Old Engineering Hall, 3943 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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19
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Hartstone JM, Medvedev ON. The Role of Mindfulness and Life Satisfaction in Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Lockdown in New Zealand: a Quasi-experimental Study. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:2693-2706. [PMID: 34462646 PMCID: PMC8387552 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Quantitative research on the psychological effects of lockdown conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic is needed to inform mental health interventions which aim to alleviate potential adverse effects. The goal of this study was to investigate psychological distress during the lockdown in New Zealand. Methods We implemented a longitudinal quasi-experimental research design using a sample (n = 81) who completed surveys on mindfulness, satisfaction with life, and mental health indicators at three time-points, separated by at least 2-week intervals. The sample was divided into two parts, the baseline group (n = 44) and the lockdown group (n = 37). The baseline group completed the surveys the first time prior to lockdown, and mostly completed the second and third surveys during lockdown. The lockdown group mostly completed the survey for the first time during lockdown and the second and third surveys during or after lockdown. Results Mindfulness and satisfaction with life at baseline significantly predicted lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during uncertain and emergency conditions before and during lockdown. The baseline group experienced significantly less anxiety and stress during lockdown compared to just prior to the lockdown (baseline condition). Conclusions Individuals who have higher levels of mindfulness and those with greater life satisfaction experience significantly less depression, anxiety, and stress over time, during both uncertain and emergency conditions such as during the threat of COVID-19. The finding of anxiety and stress reduction during lockdown may be specific to New Zealand, as conditions differ in many ways from those in other countries. Preventative measures which increase mindfulness and satisfaction with life could help alleviate depression, anxiety, and stress during uncertain and emergency conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01731-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne M Hartstone
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Rm K 1.23, Hillcrest, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - Oleg N Medvedev
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Rm K 1.23, Hillcrest, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
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20
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Tao J, He K, Xu J. The mediating effect of self-compassion on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:288-293. [PMID: 34062396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the leading cause of suicide. Childhood maltreatment is an important influencing factor for depression in adulthood. However, the mediating effect of self-compassion between childhood maltreatment and depression has not yet been explored. METHODS A cluster random sampling of 4189 students was selected from a university in Hebei Province, China. They completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. RESULTS Depression is significantly positively correlated with childhood maltreatment and its subscales, including emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Childhood maltreatment can affect depression not only directly, but also indirectly through self-compassion and its components of self-kindness, the sense of common humanity, and mindfulness. LIMITATIONS Potential sampling bias, subjective measures, and the cross-sectional design are the main limitations. CONCLUSION Self-compassion partly plays a mediating role between childhood maltreatment and depression. College educators and clinicians should actively help college students who experienced abuse during childhood to increase their level of self-compassion to reduce their depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Tao
- School of Marxism & Mental Health Education Center, YanShan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Kai He
- College of Economics & Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- School of Marxism & Mental Health Education Center, YanShan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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21
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Clinical effects of mindfulness-based interventions for adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a scoping review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:31-46. [PMID: 33987076 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-021-00240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Survivors of childhood maltreatment are at high risk for developing complex psychiatric disorders. Traditional treatments, including psychopharmacology, tend to be less efficacious for this population. This scoping review aimed to discuss existing empirical studies on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for adult childhood trauma survivors, as well as the documented clinical challenges and adaptations for this population. Recent findings We reviewed 17 research articles that measured the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for adults with childhood maltreatment histories. These studies showed that mindfulness-based interventions can be beneficial for childhood maltreatment survivors to alleviate psychological symptoms including stress, anxiety, recurrent depression, substance use, and post-traumatic stress. Studies had a wide range of methodological quality and reported a broad range of effect sizes. The wide variety of outcome measures and control conditions made it difficult to compare across studies. Summary Mindfulness-based interventions can be beneficial for addressing psychopathology among adults with childhood maltreatment histories, although some adaptations can be necessary to address possible challenges this population are likely to encounter. More research is needed to specifically evaluate the clinical effects among childhood maltreatment survivors and to directly compare the effects among those with and without childhood maltreatment histories.
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22
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Huang C, Yang M, Geng Y, Chen Y, Cheung SP, Deng G, Dong Q, Hu H, Hua K, Liao J, Tan Y, Tu B, Wang E, Yu Z, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhuo G. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mindfulness in Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:619128. [PMID: 34122160 PMCID: PMC8187569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.619128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness has been found to have many positive effects on life outcomes, including mental health and educational achievement. However, less is known about the antecedents of mindfulness, particularly in Chinese college students. This study examines the effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mindfulness among Chinese college students in September 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that ACEs negatively affected students' mindfulness. The data were collected from 1,871 college students from 12 colleges across China. The results aligned with our hypothesis that ACEs was negatively associated with mindfulness. In particular, emotional abuse and neglect in childhood appear to have the most negative effects on mindfulness compared to other dimensions of ACEs such as physical abuse and household challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Meifen Yang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Geng
- School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Yafan Chen
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shannon P Cheung
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Guosheng Deng
- School of Public Policy & Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Hua
- Soccer Academy, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyu Liao
- School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfa Tan
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tu
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enjian Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- School of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of Youth Work Research, China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaosheng Zhuo
- Institute of Social Development, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Joss D, Khan A, Lazar SW, Teicher MH. A pilot study on amygdala volumetric changes among young adults with childhood maltreatment histories after a mindfulness intervention. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113023. [PMID: 33249071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala morphometry is highly sensitive to stress and is implicated in various psychopathologies that are common among individuals with childhood maltreatment histories. This pilot study investigated bilateral amygdala volumetric changes among 15 young adults with childhood maltreatment histories undergoing an eight-week mindfulness intervention compared to 19 matched participants in a waitlist control group. Results indicated significant cross-individual variability in amygdala volumetric changes after the intervention, which resulted in no significant group by time interaction effect. Degree and direction of changes in right amygdala volume correlated with baseline volumes, with larger than average right amygdala showing an increase in volume and smaller amygdala a decrease. Increasing right amygdala volume was also associated with higher intervention compliance, and a greater increase in self-compassion. Increasing left amygdala volume was associated with more reduction in perceived stress, rejection sensitivity and interpersonal distress. Findings from the present study highlight the importance of investigating individual variability and its contributing factors in future studies on neural responses of mindfulness interventions, as well as the distinct responses of the left and right amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alaptagin Khan
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara W Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Joss D, Lazar SW, Teicher MH. Effects of a mindfulness based behavioral intervention for young adults with childhood maltreatment history on hippocampal morphometry: a pilot MRI study with voxel-based morphometry. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 301:111087. [PMID: 32413812 PMCID: PMC7395365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment has long lasting impacts on neural development of the hippocampus, which is important for learning and memory. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a mindfulness based intervention on hippocampal morphometry and episodic memory in this population. We administered MRI, psychological questionnaires and an episodic memory task to 21 participants (5 males) before and after a mindfulness-based behavioral intervention, compared to 21 participants (7 males) on the waiting list. Changes in Gray Matter Volume (GMV) in bilateral hippocampi were analyzed with Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM). One cluster was identified in the right hippocampus with a group by time interaction effect that consisted of 130 contiguous voxels but fell short of significance with full FDR correction (p = 0.077). GMV in this cluster increased by 0.76% in the mindfulness group and decreased by 0.78% in the control group. Within the mindfulness group, changes in hippocampal GMV were negatively associated with changes in perceived stress and depression severity and positively associated with enhancement in performance accuracy on the episodic memory task. Findings from this pilot study suggest that a mindfulness-based intervention may lead to an increase in partial hippocampal GMV with associated symptom reduction and improvement in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Sara W Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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25
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Nonattachment Predicts Empathy, Rejection Sensitivity, and Symptom Reduction After a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among Young Adults with a History of Childhood Maltreatment. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 11:975-990. [PMID: 32382357 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Individuals with a childhood maltreatment history tend to have various psychological symptoms and impaired social functioning. This study aimed to investigate the related therapeutic effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in this population. Methods We analyzed self-report questionnaire scores of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Non-Attachment Scale (NAS), Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (A-RSQ), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), PTSD CheckList (PCL), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), from 16 (3 males) young adults (age range 22-29) with mild to moderate childhood maltreatment, compared to 18 matched participants (6 males) on a waiting list, during both pre- and post-intervention/waiting periods. Analyses were conducted with linear mixed effects models, partial correlation analyses and t-tests. Results There were group by time interaction effects with the scores of MAAS, NAS, PCL, IRI-Fantasy, and A-RSQ (p < .05). The mindfulness group had significant increase in MAAS (17.325%) and NAS (8.957%) scores, as well as reduction in PCL (15.599%) and A-RSQ (23.189%) scores (p < .05). Changes in non-attachment, but not mindfulness, had significant contributions to the score changes of PCL (16.375%), ASI (36.244%), IRI-Personal Distress (24.141%), IRI-Empathic Concern (16.830%), and A-RSQ (10.826%) (p < .05). The number of intervention sessions attended was correlated with score changes of NAS (r = .955, p < .001), and ASI (r = -.887, p < .001), suggesting a dose-dependent effect. Conclusions Findings from this pilot study suggest that the mindfulness-based intervention improved mindfulness, non-attachment and empathy, which contributed to reduced interpersonal distress, rejection sensitivity and other psychological symptoms.
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