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Wang H, Wang C. Review of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the employment of college graduates in China and countermeasures to it. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1390055. [PMID: 38912265 PMCID: PMC11190175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The employment of college graduates has always been the focus issue of the whole society. Affected by the COVID-19, college graduates are facing a severe employment situation. In the present study, we explore the impacts of the COVID-19 on the employment of college graduates. We explore the employment promotion measures introduced by Chinese government and colleges and universities through a quick review and illustrate the difficulties that college graduates face. Furthermore, the present study explores the impacts of the COVID-19 on five aspects of the employment of college graduates: recruitment demand reduce, employment competition rise, employment channels change, psychological anxiety increase and employment structural contradiction intensify. In addition, we conclude that the employment promotion measures introduced by Chinese government and colleges and universities in respond to the impacts of the COVID-19 on the employment of college graduates have significantly promoted the employment of college graduates to a large extent and we provide implications based on the application of the study. The findings of the present study are of great significance for all countries worldwide to better cope with various similar emergency events, to alleviate employment pressure and to promote better and fuller employment of college graduates.
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Coskun AK, Aydin A, Tosun S, To U, Rubman S, Schilsky ML, Zimbrean PC. Wilson Disease and the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring patients' mental health and vaccination attitudes in a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1326802. [PMID: 38803830 PMCID: PMC11129684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1326802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of individuals with chronic conditions such as Wilson's Disease (WD). This study investigates stress, anxiety, depression, quality of life, cognitive function, vaccination rates, infection rates, and perceptions related to the pandemic and vaccines among WD patients. Methods The study analyzed COVID-19 perceptions and vaccine attitudes of 62 adult WD patients enrolled in the international multisite WD Registry. A subgroup of 33 participants completed a series of mental health scales. The effect of working essentially, income loss, wellness activity initiation, and infection of COVID-19 during the pandemic was observed. Results Results indicate that, overall, the pandemic did not exacerbate anxiety or cognitive function in WD patients but did lead to increased depression among essential workers. Patients experiencing income loss exhibited higher levels of stress and anxiety. Despite these challenges, WD patients showed high vaccination rates and positive attitudes towards vaccines. Discussion The findings underscore the significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of WD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse K. Coskun
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Adem Aydin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sumeyra Tosun
- Medgar Evers College, CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Uyen To
- Medicine and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Susan Rubman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael L. Schilsky
- Medicine and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Paula C. Zimbrean
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Pivec T, Kozina A. Anxiety and COVID-19 Anxiety in Positive Youth Development: A Latent Profile Analysis Study. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2328-2343. [PMID: 37500813 PMCID: PMC10495271 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated anxiety and triggered a new and specific COVID-19 anxiety in all age groups, especially in adolescence. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety in profiles of positive outcomes by using the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework (i.e., the Five Cs of competence, confidence, character, caring, and connection) on a sample of 1,977 adolescents from Slovenia (57.4% females; Mage = 15.34 years) from lower- and upper-secondary schools. Latent profile analysis revealed four distinctive profiles: High PYD, Self-efficacious, Socio-emotional, and Low PYD. The High PYD profile reported lower anxiety and moderate COVID-19 anxiety; the Self-efficacious profile reported lower anxiety and the lowest COVID-19 anxiety; the Socio-emotional profile reported moderate anxiety and the highest COVID-19 anxiety; and the Low PYD profile reported higher anxiety and moderate COVID-19 anxiety. The study findings suggest that higher levels of competence, confidence, and connection can mitigate anxiety, while higher levels of caring are associated with COVID-19 anxiety. Nonetheless, the study supports the promotion of all Five Cs of the PYD framework to prevent anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, and maladaptive developmental outcomes. The study provides important insights into profiling responses to extreme situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Pivec
- Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Kozina
- Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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5
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Theron LC, Cockcroft K, Annalakshmi N, Rodgers JG, Akinduyo TE, Fouché A. Emerging Adult Resilience to the Early Stages of the COVID-Pandemic: A Systematic Scoping Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01585-y. [PMID: 37698747 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Human resilience to COVID-19 related stressors remains a pressing concern following the aftereffects of the pandemic and in the face of probable future pandemics. In response, we systematically scoped the available literature (n = 2030 records) to determine the nature and extent of research on emerging adults' adaptive responses to COVID-19 stressors in the early stages of the pandemic. Using a multisystem resilience framework, our narrative review of 48 eligible studies unpacks the personal, relational, institutional and/or physical ecological resources that enabled positive emerging adult outcomes to COVID-18 stressors. We found that there is a geographical bias in studies on this topic, with majority world contexts poorly represented. Resources leading to positive outcomes foregrounded psychological and social support, while institutional and ecological supports were seldom mentioned. Multisystemic combinations of resources were rarely considered. This knowledge has valuable implications for understanding resilience in the context of other large-scale adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Groenkloof Campus, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - K Cockcroft
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Annalakshmi
- Psychology Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - J G Rodgers
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - T E Akinduyo
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Fouché
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Larson N, Tavernier RE, Berge JM, Barr-Anderson DJ, Neumark-Sztainer D. Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Well-Being of Emerging Adult Populations: A Synthesis of Findings From the COVID-19 Eating and Activity Over Time (C-EAT) Study. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2023; 11:779-796. [PMID: 37832141 PMCID: PMC10064195 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231166034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Research addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial well-being and health behavior is accumulating; however, implications for emerging adult populations are underexplored. This manuscript synthesizes findings from a mixed-methods study of well-being, eating and activity behaviors, and food insecurity among a diverse, longitudinal cohort of emerging adults. The review includes findings from 11 original studies that involved collecting online surveys from 720 emerging adults and in-depth, virtual interviews with 33 respondents who were food insecure. Findings indicated the pandemic had widespread impacts on well-being. Population groups at greatest risk for poor outcomes included women; those who identified as Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color; persons in households of low socioeconomic status; parents of young children; and persons who previously experienced mental health challenges or weight stigma. Further research will be needed to evaluate efforts to improve the well-being of emerging adults in the aftermath of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community
Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Emery Tavernier
- Department of Family Medicine and
Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical
School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jerica M. Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community
Health, University of Minnesota Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community
Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Hosseinzadeh H, Ratan ZA, Nahar K, Dadich A, Al-Mamun A, Ali S, Niknami M, Verma I, Edwards J, Shnaigat M, Malak MA, Rahman MM, Okely A. Telemedicine Use and the Perceived Risk of COVID-19: Patient Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3061. [PMID: 36833755 PMCID: PMC9960459 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an increased demand for telemedicine worldwide. Telemedicine is a technology-based virtual platform that allows the exchange of clinical data and images over remote distances. This study aims to examine the impact of the perceived risk of COVID-19 on telemedicine use in Bangladesh. METHODS This explanatory study was conducted in hospital settings across Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Patients were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or over and had used telemedicine in a hospital at least once since the COVID-19 outbreak. Outcome variables included sociodemographic, the perceived risk of COVID-19, and telehealth use. Study data were collected using an online and paper-based survey. RESULTS A total of 550 patients participated in this study, mostly male (66.4%), single (58.2%), and highly educated (74.2%). The means of the different domains of telemedicine use reflected a high degree of perceived benefit, accessibility, and satisfaction but a lower degree of privacy and discomfort, care personnel expertise, and usability. COVID 19 perceived risk predicted between 13.0% and 26.6% of variance in telemedicine domains, while the effects of demographic variables were controlled or removed. The perceived risk of COVID-19 was negatively correlated with privacy and discomfort, as well as care personnel concerns. Low and high levels of perceived COVID-19 risk were less likely to encourage the use of telemedicine as a risk reduction tool. DISCUSSION The participants were mainly satisfied with telemedicine, finding it beneficial and accessible; however, many were concerned about privacy, care personnel expertise, and its usability. The perceived risk of COVID-19 was a strong predictor (contributor) of telemedicine use, suggesting that risk perception can be used to encourage telemedicine use as a risk reduction strategy during pandemics; however, a medium level of risk was more promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka 1362, Bangladesh
| | - Ann Dadich
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- School of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Searat Ali
- School of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | | | - Iksheta Verma
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Joseph Edwards
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mahmmoud Shnaigat
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Md Abdul Malak
- Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, 9-10 Chittaranjan Ave, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health & Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Morgül E. Caregiver Worry of Infection and Family Co-existence Difficulty and Association With Change in Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms During the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK and Turkey. Psychol Rep 2023:332941221149183. [PMID: 36705275 PMCID: PMC9895281 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221149183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study examined whether caregiver worry of COVID-19 infection and co-existence difficulty differentially predicted child mental health and wellbeing during the lockdown in two culturally different countries that were severely affected by the pandemic: the UK and Turkey. Co-existence difficulty is the hardship experienced by family members living all together in the same house at the same time during the lockdown period. Participants were 1849 caregivers of children between 5- and 12-years old living in the UK (n = 995) and Turkey (n = 854), who completed an electronic survey distributed via social networks during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown (July and August 2020). Caregivers completed a set of questionnaires on child and family wellbeing and on whether the child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms changed during the lockdown as compared to before. Worry of COVID-19 infection was higher amongst caregivers in the Turkish sample and was associated with higher levels of child internalizing symptoms during the lockdown in the Turkish sample, however there were no statistically significant differences in the size of the impact of worry of infection on the children's internalizing symptoms between the two countries. Co-existence difficulty independently predicted increase in children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms during the lockdown in both samples. Families in the UK experienced a higher level of difficulty with co-existence compared to the families living in Turkey but the magnitude of the impact of co-existence difficulty on children's outcomes between the two samples was not significantly different.The findings suggest that public health strategies should aim to reduce social anxiety and invest in the development of programs aimed at supporting families to overcome the challenges of co-existence during times of public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Morgül
- Department of Psychology, University of
Roehampton, London, UK
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9
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Figueroa JM, DeLuca Bishop HK, Baker EA. Using a Socio-Ecological Framework to Understand Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Among Emerging Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1561-1573. [PMID: 38603198 PMCID: PMC9434192 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of satisfying romantic relationships, a developmental milestone for many emerging adults, has been challenged by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the impact of COVID-19 stress on relationship satisfaction has not been explored within the context of individual and relationship factors. Guided by a socio-ecological framework, this study used a longitudinal design to investigate the impact of individual-level (i.e., growth beliefs, destiny beliefs), couple-level (i.e., daily criticism), and societal-level (i.e., COVID-19 stress) factors on relationship satisfaction during Fall 2021. We also explored the moderating effects of destiny beliefs and growth beliefs. Results revealed relationship satisfaction was negatively associated with daily criticism, but not directly associated with destiny beliefs, growth beliefs, or COVID-19 stress. However, growth beliefs buffered against the negative impact of criticism on relationship satisfaction. These findings are consistent with the notion that growth beliefs may play a protective role in relationship processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Figueroa
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
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Inguscio BMS, Nicastri M, Giallini I, Greco A, Babiloni F, Cartocci G, Mancini P. School wellbeing and psychological characteristics of online learning in families of children with and without hearing loss during the Covid-19 pandemic. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22761. [PMID: 35942392 PMCID: PMC9350277 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the psychological characteristics of online learning on Italian students with and without hearing loss (HL) and on their parents, who were forced into isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic. An online survey collected information on socio-demographic data and opinions concerning online learning from 61 children (mean age 11; 25 males, 36 females), including 43 with HL and also from their parents; additionally, school wellbeing and anxiety were assessed. The results showed that, in both the student and parent groups, no significant effect of HL on school wellbeing and anxiety was found. Additionally, in parents, State Anxiety was significantly higher than Trait Anxiety, suggesting one possible impact of lockdown on psychological wellbeing. Differences due to HL were observed and discussed in correlation analyses. The Authors believe that this study is the first contribution to the psychological evaluation of the impact of online learning on families with hearing-impaired children, from the perspective of a successful, inclusive didactic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Nicastri
- Department of Sense OrgansSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ilaria Giallini
- Department of Sense OrgansSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense OrgansSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- BrainSigns SrlLungotevere MichelangeloRomeItaly
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of Computer ScienceHangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education ZoneHangzhouChina
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- BrainSigns SrlLungotevere MichelangeloRomeItaly
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Ahmed Laar R, Zhang Z, Menhas R, Zhang L, Zhu S, Fan X, Wang W, Li S. Impact of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Vaccine on Health and Physical Activities Among Physical Education Students in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:889311. [PMID: 35859772 PMCID: PMC9289447 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.889311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis research focused primarily on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (VeroCell) on Chinese physical education (PE) students' health and physical activity (PA) performance.MethodsThis study used quantitative methods and phenomenological procedures to collect and analyze data. Survey techniques were the main method used for collecting data from Chinese university students, using a self-designed questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha α value of 0.76. To ensure the quality of the study, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted, and the internal consistency reliability of the instrument was measured (alpha coefficient = 0.82). The determined sample size was 490 and around 90% as the minimum sample size was determined with the help of a sample size calculator. The author using factor loadings with h2 and an independent-sample t-test analyzed the responses of the remaining valid participants (n = 443 with a response rate of 90.40).ResultsMost participants (around 94%) did not experience any adverse reactions that impacted their daily life activities, health, or performance during physical activity. However, about 30–40% of students felt lethargy, weakness, muscle pain, or swelling. Regarding the impact of the vaccine on daily life, there was no difference in the responses between participants who had only received one shot of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and those who had received two shots (p > 0.05 in most cases).ConclusionThe study concluded that the COVID-19 vaccine had no significant effect on PE students' daily activities, health, and PA performance. The results of this study could be used by policymakers to encourage people to get vaccinated and eradicate the isolation caused by COVID-19, which leads many people to develop various non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmed Laar
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
- *Correspondence: Rizwan Ahmed Laar
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rashid Menhas
- Research Center of Sports Social Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Marxism Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Shicheng Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Xin Fan
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Shumin Li
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
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Charpentier Mora S, Bastianoni C, Cavanna D, Bizzi F. Emerging adults facing the COVID-19 pandemic: emotion dysregulation, mentalizing, and psychological symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35756902 PMCID: PMC9209835 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Settled in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present short-term longitudinal study aims to investigate the relation between emotion dysregulation, mentalizing (both certainty and uncertainty about mental states), and psychological symptoms in a sample of 83 emerging adults (Mage = 22.18 years, SD = 4.36) over a continuous period started with COVID-19 spreads. Results display significant positive associations between psychological symptoms and both emotion dysregulation and uncertainty about mental states, while an inverse association with certainty about mental states was found. A moderation model was also performed, showing a significant negative association between emotion dysregulation and psychological symptoms at low levels of uncertainty about mental states. Conversely, a marginally significant positive association occurs at high levels of uncertainty about mental states. In other words, the presence of individual impairments in perceiving one's own/others mind may increase the negative consequences of emotion dysregulation on reported psychological symptoms. To sum up, our findings highlight the importance of considering mentalizing as a possible key factor for the promotion of emerging adults' mental health also in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Charpentier Mora
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Bastianoni
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Donatella Cavanna
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Bizzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
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Cipolletta S, Andreghetti GR, Mioni G. Risk Perception towards COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4649. [PMID: 35457521 PMCID: PMC9028425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have attempted to identify how people's risk perceptions differ in regard to containing COVID-19 infections. The aim of the present review was to illustrate how risk awareness towards COVID-19 predicts people's preventive behaviors and to understand which features are associated with it. For the review, 77 articles found in six different databases (ProQuest, PsycInfo, PubMed, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were considered, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was followed, and data synthesis was conducted using a mixed-methods approach. The results indicate that a high-risk perception towards COVID-19 predicts, in general, compliance with preventive behaviors and social distancing measures. Additionally, risk awareness was found to be associated with four other key themes: demographic factors, individual factors, geographical factors, and timing. Therefore, gaining a greater understanding of individual and cultural differences as well as how people behave could be the basis of an effective strategy for raising public risk awareness and for countering COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cipolletta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.R.A.); (G.M.)
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14
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Quansah F, Hagan JE, Ankomah F, Srem-Sai M, Frimpong JB, Sambah F, Schack T. Relationship Between COVID-19 Related Knowledge and Anxiety Among University Students: Exploring the Moderating Roles of School Climate and Coping Strategies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:820288. [PMID: 35432145 PMCID: PMC9007403 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in abrupt disruptions in teaching and learning activities in higher education, with students from diverse programs suffering varying levels of anxieties. The physical education field happens to be one of the most affected academic areas due to its experiential content as a medium of instruction. In this study, we investigated the roles of school climate and coping strategies in the relationship between COVID-19 related knowledge and anxiety. Through the census approach, a cross-sectional sample of 760 students was administered a questionnaire in two universities offering Physical Education in Ghana: the University of Education, Winneba, and University of Cape Coast. The outcome of the study found a positive and significant link between COVID-19 knowledge and anxiety. Further, school climate and coping strategies significantly moderated the relationship between students' COVID-19 knowledge and associated anxiety. The findings have implications for creating a conducive school environment that reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection and through students' adoption of active coping strategies in an attempt to reduce psychological distress associated with COVID-19 anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Quansah
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - John E. Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Francis Ankomah
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Education, SDA College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Medina Srem-Sai
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - James B. Frimpong
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis Sambah
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Carmona-Pírez J, Ioakeim-Skoufa I, Gimeno-Miguel A, Poblador-Plou B, González-Rubio F, Muñoyerro-Muñiz D, Rodríguez-Herrera J, Goicoechea-Salazar JA, Prados-Torres A, Villegas-Portero R. Multimorbidity Profiles and Infection Severity in COVID-19 Population Using Network Analysis in the Andalusian Health Population Database. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073808. [PMID: 35409489 PMCID: PMC8997853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the population at risk of COVID-19 infection severity is a priority for clinicians and health systems. Most studies to date have only focused on the effect of specific disorders on infection severity, without considering that patients usually present multiple chronic diseases and that these conditions tend to group together in the form of multimorbidity patterns. In this large-scale epidemiological study, including primary and hospital care information of 166,242 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from the Spanish region of Andalusia, we applied network analysis to identify multimorbidity profiles and analyze their impact on the risk of hospitalization and mortality. Our results showed that multimorbidity was a risk factor for COVID-19 severity and that this risk increased with the morbidity burden. Individuals with advanced cardio-metabolic profiles frequently presented the highest infection severity risk in both sexes. The pattern with the highest severity associated in men was present in almost 28.7% of those aged ≥ 80 years and included associations between cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic diseases; age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (1.71 (1.44–2.02)). In women, similar patterns were also associated the most with infection severity, in 7% of 65–79-year-olds (1.44 (1.34–1.54)) and in 29% of ≥80-year-olds (1.35 (1.18–1.53)). Patients with mental health patterns also showed one of the highest risks of COVID-19 severity, especially in women. These findings strongly recommend the implementation of personalized approaches to patients with multimorbidity and SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the population with high morbidity burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonás Carmona-Pírez
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (B.P.-P.); (F.G.-R.); (A.P.-T.)
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Delicias-Sur Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-765-500 (ext. 5371/5375)
| | - Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (B.P.-P.); (F.G.-R.); (A.P.-T.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Drug Statistics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway
- Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), 08009 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gimeno-Miguel
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (B.P.-P.); (F.G.-R.); (A.P.-T.)
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Poblador-Plou
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (B.P.-P.); (F.G.-R.); (A.P.-T.)
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca González-Rubio
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (B.P.-P.); (F.G.-R.); (A.P.-T.)
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), 08009 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Muñoyerro-Muñiz
- Subdirección Técnica Asesora de Gestión de la Información, Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS), 41071 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.R.-H.); (J.A.G.-S.); (R.V.-P.)
| | - Juliana Rodríguez-Herrera
- Subdirección Técnica Asesora de Gestión de la Información, Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS), 41071 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.R.-H.); (J.A.G.-S.); (R.V.-P.)
| | - Juan Antonio Goicoechea-Salazar
- Subdirección Técnica Asesora de Gestión de la Información, Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS), 41071 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.R.-H.); (J.A.G.-S.); (R.V.-P.)
| | - Alexandra Prados-Torres
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (B.P.-P.); (F.G.-R.); (A.P.-T.)
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Román Villegas-Portero
- Subdirección Técnica Asesora de Gestión de la Información, Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS), 41071 Seville, Spain; (D.M.-M.); (J.R.-H.); (J.A.G.-S.); (R.V.-P.)
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16
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Hagan JE, Quansah F, Anin SK, Sorkpor RS, Abieraba RSK, Frimpong JB, Srem-Sai M, Schack T. COVID-19-Related Knowledge and Anxiety Response among Physical Education Teachers during Practical In-Person Lessons: Effects of Potential Moderators. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12030083. [PMID: 35323402 PMCID: PMC8944953 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in heightened anxiety levels among teachers, especially regarding PE teachers who are required to engage students in practical in-person or contact teaching lessons. Previous research showed that these levels of anxiety among PE teachers appeared to be explained by the interplay between COVID-19 knowledge, workplace safety perception, and educational qualification. This study assessed the relationship between COVID-19-related knowledge and anxiety response among PE teachers during such practical lessons while moderating the effects of workplace safety perception and educational qualification within the relationship. The study conveniently recruited 160 PE teachers to solicit responses through both online and printed questionnaires. Using correlation and linear regression analyses, the study revealed a significant negative relationship between COVID-19-related knowledge and anxiety response among PE teachers. The educational qualification of PE teachers did not significantly moderate the association between COVID-19-related knowledge and anxiety response. Workplace safety perception significantly moderated the association between COVID-19-related knowledge and anxiety response among PE teachers. The findings remind educational authorities about the essence of creating a positive and safe working environment conducive to academic work. Achieving this goal requires the provision of adequate COVID-19 management logistics (e.g., personal protective equipment, hand sanitizers) by educational authorities for PE teachers to maintain safety practices and optimal learning conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana;
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frank Quansah
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana;
| | - Stephen Kofi Anin
- Department of Industrial and Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box 256, Takoradi WS-200-1123, Ghana;
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Richmond Stephen Sorkpor
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana; (R.S.S.); (R.S.K.A.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Richard Samuel Kwadwo Abieraba
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana; (R.S.S.); (R.S.K.A.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - James Boadu Frimpong
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana;
| | - Medina Srem-Sai
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana; (R.S.S.); (R.S.K.A.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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17
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Garcia S, Hopfer S, Botes E, Greiff S. Associations between Coronavirus Crisis Perception, Perceived Economic Risk of Coronavirus, General Self-Efficacy, and Coronavirus Anxiety at the Start of the Pandemic: Differences by Gender and Race. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2872. [PMID: 35270567 PMCID: PMC8910045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has escalated rates of anxiety in the general U.S. population. Understanding how factors associated with coronavirus anxiety at the start of the pandemic differed among populations hardest impacted by coronavirus anxiety is key to effectively remediating negatively associated health outcomes and to better understand how to address concerns of the public at the start of a global pandemic. This study was a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional online survey of 1165 Prolific users between 13 and 15 March 2020. Data were collected from a stratified sample of U.S. adults aged 20 or older and currently living in the United States. The sample was stratified for age, gender, and race. Coronavirus anxiety was assessed as the dependent variable, alongside three independent variables: coronavirus crisis perception, perceived economic risk of coronavirus, and general self-efficacy. Multiple linear regression assessed the associations between the independent variables and coronavirus anxiety. Interactions between independent variables and two sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, race) were also explored. The models were adjusted for age, gender, race, education, employment, and income. The average age of participants was 45.6 ± 15.7. The majority (76%) identified as White, approximately half identified as female and reported obtaining a bachelor's degree or higher. Coronavirus crisis perception and perceived economic risk of coronavirus were positively associated with coronavirus anxiety (β = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.41, 1.00; β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.09, 1.00, respectively). General self-efficacy was negatively associated with coronavirus anxiety (β = -0.15, 95% CI = -1.00, -0.11). Gender and race both moderated the association between coronavirus crisis perception and anxiety. Race moderated the association between perceived economic risk and coronavirus crisis perception. These results provide a foundation to further explore cognitive factors in subgroups disproportionately affected by anxiety during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Garcia
- Program in Public Health, Department of Health, Society & Behavior, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Suellen Hopfer
- Program in Public Health, Department of Health, Society & Behavior, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Elouise Botes
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Samuel Greiff
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
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18
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Coping Strategies and Life Satisfaction among Romanian Emerging Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to understand coping mechanisms among Romanian youth in their response to institutional COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Data were collected from emerging adults (N = 214), aged 18–29, enrolled in various fields of study throughout a public university in Romania. Adopted versions of the Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences Scale (Brief-COPE, Carver, 1997) and Satisfaction with Life Scales (SLWS, Diener et al., 1985) were administered to explore the impact of the specific social distancing and isolation enforced pandemic restrictions. Findings elucidate the response styles, impact of coping skills, and strategies employed by students toward their well-being during stay-at-home courses. Results indicated that Romanian emerging-adults tend to use diverse strategies, but they use more disengagement, problem-focused coping, humor, socially supportive coping or religion, rather than denial, avoidant-focused coping or substance use, when faced with unprecedented situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss these findings framed in resilience as it relates to the positive youth psychology framework.
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19
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Carmona-Pírez J, Gimeno-Miguel A, Bliek-Bueno K, Poblador-Plou B, Díez-Manglano J, Ioakeim-Skoufa I, González-Rubio F, Poncel-Falcó A, Prados-Torres A, Gimeno-Feliu LA. Identifying multimorbidity profiles associated with COVID-19 severity in chronic patients using network analysis in the PRECOVID Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2831. [PMID: 35181720 PMCID: PMC8857317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major risk factor of COVID-19 severity is the patient's health status at the time of the infection. Numerous studies focused on specific chronic diseases and identified conditions, mainly cardiovascular ones, associated with poor prognosis. However, chronic diseases tend to cluster into patterns, each with its particular repercussions on the clinical outcome of infected patients. Network analysis in our population revealed that not all cardiovascular patterns have the same risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or mortality and that this risk depends on the pattern of multimorbidity, besides age and sex. We evidenced that negative outcomes were strongly related to patterns in which diabetes and obesity stood out in older women and men, respectively. In younger adults, anxiety was another disease that increased the risk of severity, most notably when combined with menstrual disorders in women or atopic dermatitis in men. These results have relevant implications for organizational, preventive, and clinical actions to help meet the needs of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonás Carmona-Pírez
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Delicias-Sur Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gimeno-Miguel
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Bliek-Bueno
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Poblador-Plou
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Díez-Manglano
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Royo Villanova Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Drug Statistics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213, Oslo, Norway.,Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), S08009, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca González-Rubio
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Delicias-Sur Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), Zaragoza, Spain.,Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), S08009, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Poncel-Falcó
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Aragon Health Service (SALUD), 50017, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexandra Prados-Torres
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Gimeno-Feliu
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Health Services Research On Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Network for Research On Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,San Pablo Primary Care Health Centre, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Yuan H, Long Q, Huang G, Huang L, Luo S. Different roles of interpersonal trust and institutional trust in COVID-19 pandemic control. Soc Sci Med 2022; 293:114677. [PMID: 35101260 PMCID: PMC8692240 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The absence of pharmaceutical interventions made it particularly difficult to mitigate the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study investigated how interpersonal trust and institutional trust influenced the control process. Trusts and COVID-19 data in 44 countries and 50 US states were analyzed; institutional trust was associated with case fatality rate, and interpersonal trust was associated with control speed. Two independent behavioral experiments showed that institutional trust manipulation increased participants’ willingness to complete the COVID-19 test and that interpersonal trust manipulation increased conscious compliance with prevention norms and decreased unnecessary outdoor activities. Agent-based modeling further confirmed these behavioral mechanisms for two types of trust in the COVID-19 control process. New interventions are needed to help countries heighten interpersonal and institutional trust as they continue to battle COVID-19 and other collective threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qinyi Long
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guanglv Huang
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Liu B, Liu H, Han B, Zhao T, Sun T, Tan X, Cui F. Trends and Factors Associated With Risk Perception, Anxiety, and Behavior From the Early Outbreak Period to the Controlled Period of COVID-19 Epidemic: Four Cross-Sectional Online Surveys in China in 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 9:768867. [PMID: 35118042 PMCID: PMC8805284 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.768867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in China was brought under with 3 months-from mid-January 2020 to the end of March 2020. Less studies examined dynamic psychological effect and behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine perceived risk, anxiety, and behavioral response of the general public related to the outbreak of COVID-19 in four cross-sectional surveys conducted throughout China. Methods: In 2020, four cross-sectional, population-based online survey were conducted from January 28 to February 3, from February 10 to 12, from February 20 to 22, and from March 1 to 10, respectively. Convenience sampling was used for easy recruiting survey participants under the long-term impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. The four independent online questionnaires were sent from the same approach (WeChat and MicroBlog), and anyone who receives the questionnaire on the Internet or mobile phone and meets the inclusion criteria could fill in it. The same questionnaires repeatedly used in the four surveys. Socio-demographic information and individual protective practice were collected and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics among the four surveys. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare people's perceived risk, anxiety and protective behaviors changes in four stages. General linear model was used to identify associations between some demographic factors and perceived risk, anxiety scores, and protective behaviors. Results: The proportion of high perceived risk has dropped from 24.7 to 4.7%. The proportion of severe anxiety has declined from 12.2 to 1.2%. The proportion of people wore masks when they went out has increased from 97.0 to 98.3%. Women were more likely to develop anxiety (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.4-1.6) and more positively adopted recommended behaviors (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.3-3.4) than men. People at age 30-39 years, with high-degree education, with married status, and accompanied with poor self-rated health status were prone to have higher risk perception and anxiety. Perceived risk was significantly associated with anxiety over the entire periods. Anxiety levels had stronger associations with adoption of protective behaviors (wearing mask and avoiding crowed place) in the early epidemic periods than in the late epidemic periods. Conclusions: The levels of perceived risk and anxiety showed a trend of rising first and then falling. Gradually upward trend on initiative preventive behaviors including wearing mask and avoiding visiting crowded places also was observed through scanning data at four stages. People at age 30-39 years, with high-degree education, and accompanied with poor self-rated health status were prone to have higher risk perception and anxiety. Our findings showed that people simultaneously presented both high-level risk perception and anxiety across the four wave surveys, leading to their positive self-prevention and protective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingfeng Han
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Yousufzai SJ, Cole AG, Nonoyama M, Barakat C. Changes in Cannabis Consumption Among Emerging Adults in Relation to Policy and Public Health Developments. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:730-741. [PMID: 35193461 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2034873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Rates of cannabis use appear to be highest among emerging adults (EA). Evidence suggests that cannabis smoking, as well as alternate methods of cannabis use (e.g., vaping, edibles) have become a prevalent mode of consumption among this population. Substance use or misuse peaks during emerging adulthood and may be influenced by extreme economic, social and community developments, such as policy changes, public health concerns, and significant global events such as pandemics. For instance, it is highly likely that cannabis consumption trends among at-risk populations were influenced by the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada, the declaration of the "e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury" or "EVALI" outbreak, and the "COVID-19" pandemic. ObjectivesWe aimed to examine self-reported changes in frequency of cannabis use among EA in Canada (N = 312): pre-legalization, post-legalization; pre-EVALI, post-EVALI; pre-COVID-19, since-COVID-19. ResultsThere was a gradual increase in average frequency of smoking and vaping cannabis across the six different time intervals from the pre-legalization period (2018) to the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020). Males reported higher frequencies of cannabis smoking and vaping compared to females. ConclusionsDespite health concerns and expectations that EVALI and COVID-19 events would lead to decreased consumption, our results suggest an average increase in smoking and vaping cannabis, although the most notable increase was after legalization. There are important sex differences in behavioral factors of cannabis use in EA, though it appears that the "gender-gap" in cannabis consumption is closing. These findings may facilitate the development of intervention programs for policy measures to address cannabis-attributable outcomes in the face of contextual factors that promote use, such as public emergencies or changes in policy landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam G Cole
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Mika Nonoyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Barakat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
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Cipolletta S, Tomaino SCM, Rivest-Beauregard M, Sapkota RP, Brunet A, Winter D. Narratives of the worst experiences associated with peritraumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed method study in the USA and Italy. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2129359. [PMID: 36247840 PMCID: PMC9559052 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic experiences, no study has explored yet the association of specific COVID-19 narratives with peritraumatic distress, the precursor of PTSD. Objective: To explore the worst experiences associated with peritraumatic distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Adult residents (N = 1098), from the US (n = 741) and Italy (n = 357), completed an online survey including socio-demographic data, COVID-19-related experiences, the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory and an open question on their worst experiences during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). A thematic content analysis (TCA) was conducted on the answers to the open question and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to identify the themes that best predicted the clinical levels of peritraumatic distress. Results: The main TCA themes related to participants' worst COVID-19 experiences were anxiety, threat, loss, anger, stress and constriction. Threat was the most prevalent theme and correlated with experiences such as being quarantined, being infected and a loved one receiving the diagnosis. US participants' descriptions of their worst experiences related more to life-threat and loss, while Italians reported more threat to the world, stress, social isolation, and feeling trapped. In the CART analysis, the main predictor (79.9%) was perceiving negative effects from the COVID-19 crisis. Among them, a COVID-related threat to self-experience was the most robust predictor. In its absence, being deprived of resources or experiencing high levels of anxiety were other robust predictors. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of the utility of a mixed-method approach in conceptualizing experiences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of traumatic symptoms. Its findings may inform healthcare interventions and policies for tackling the new challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. HIGHLIGHTS Clinically significant levels of peritraumatic distress symptoms were prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinically significant levels of peritraumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic were related to experiences of life-threat, resource deprivation, and anxiety, cross-cutting the themes articulated by the thematic content analysis of anxiety, threat, loss, anger, stress and constriction.The US and Italian participants' descriptions of their worst experiences differed in subtle but important ways, with Americans reporting more life-threat and losses compared to Italians reporting more threat to the world, stress, social isolation, and feelings of being trapped.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ram P Sapkota
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Winter
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Menculini G, Pomili G, Brufani F, Minuti A, Mancini N, D'Angelo M, Biscontini S, Mancini E, Savini A, Orsolini L, Volpe U, Tortorella A, Steardo L. COVID-19 and Youth Psychopathological Distress in Umbria, Central Italy: A 2-Year Observational Study in a Real-World Setting. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869326. [PMID: 35664479 PMCID: PMC9160367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents and young adults represent a vulnerable population in the context of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present retrospective study aims to investigate the pandemic's psychological impact on adolescents and young adults by analyzing data from an outpatient mental health service dedicated to youths in Umbria, central Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical charts of subjects aged 14-24 who first accessed the service in the timeframe between March 1st, 2019, and February 28th, 2021, were reviewed. Subjects were divided into two subgroups according to the period of time when they accessed the service (pre-COVID-19 vs. during- COVID-19 outbreak). Bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-square test and the Welch's t-test. A secondary analysis was performed considering only subjects suffering from psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, data concerning individuals who were already followed by the service before the pandemic were analyzed by the McNemar's test and the t-paired test to assess changes in treatment features. RESULTS The number of new accesses during the pandemic period remained stable. After the emergency onset, youths accessing the service showed a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders (p = 0.022). During the COVID-19 period, services were more frequently delivered by using a digital mental health approach (p = 0.001). Psychopharmacological treatment was more frequently prescribed among subjects that were referred to the service after the pandemic onset (p = 0.033). As for substance use, a highly significant reduction in opioid use was observed (p = 0.003). Family therapy was delivered less frequently in the during-COVID-19 subgroup, especially in the subpopulation of subjects suffering from psychiatric disorders (p = 0.013). When considering subjects referred to the service in the pre-COVID-19 period, the number of interventions provided to this population increased after the pandemic outbreak (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION In the context of the COVID-19-related public health crisis, youths represent an at-risk population for which pathways to care should be reinforced, and targeted interventions, including psychosocial treatments, should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menculini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pomili
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Brufani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Minuti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Niccolò Mancini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina D'Angelo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sonia Biscontini
- Mental Heath Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Savini
- Comunità "La Tenda" Cooperativa Sociale, Foligno, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior of People Living with HIV: The Mediating Role of Perceived Risk and Vaccination Intention. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111288. [PMID: 34835219 PMCID: PMC8624626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccination behavior of people living with HIV (PLWH) was examined via a cross-sectional web-based survey of PLWH aged 18 years and older. The survey was conducted from l May to 20 June 2021. The survey included social demographic information; vaccination behavior (B); and questions related to perceived usefulness (PU), perceived risk (PR), subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavior control (PBC), and behavior intention (BI). The associations between the questionnaire variables and COVID-19 vaccination behavior were assessed by calculating the descriptive data, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. In total, 43.71% of the 350 eligible respondents had received a COVID-19 vaccine. The differences in COVID-19 vaccination behavior according to age, gender, religious belief, marital status, income, education level, and occupation were not obvious (p > 0.05). PU had a significantly negative effect on PR (p < 0.05). PR had a significantly negative effect on BI (p < 0.05). SNs had a significantly positive effect on BI (p < 0.05). BI had a significantly positive effect on B (p < 0.05). PR fully mediated the effects of PU on BI, BI fully mediated the effects of PR on B, and BI fully mediated the effects of SNs on B (p < 0.05). Health policymakers and medical workers should provide more information about the risks of vaccine application to improve the vaccination behavior of PLWH.
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Flores-Pereyra GR, Martínez-Girón NM, Malvaceda-Espinoza E. Percepciones de los factores de riesgo asociados al contagio del coronavirus en adultos mayores. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v23n6.95509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Analizar las percepciones de los factores de riesgo asociados al contagio del coronavirus en adultos mayores pertenecientes a distritos con ingresos bajos de Lima Metropolitana (Perú).
Materiales y Métodos Estudio de tipo cualitativo, con un diseño fenomenológico hermenéutico y con muestreo teórico. Para el análisis de datos se empleó el software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Participaron diez mujeres y seis varones, incluyendo contagiados y no contagiados. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas durante los meses de agosto y setiembre del 2020.
Resultados Se identificaron percepciones en el componente cognitivo, experiencial, sociocultural, confianza y eficacia. Además, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a las percepciones de riesgo entre las personas contagiadas y no contagiadas. Sin embargo, en cuanto a la subcategoría de confianza hacia la ciencia, las personas que han contraído el virus tienen mayores percepciones negativas, a diferencia de los que no han sido contagiados, quienes, a su vez, muestran más percepciones positivas sobre los avances científicos.
Conclusiones Los factores de riesgo identificados por los adultos mayores fueron: no respetar el distanciamiento social, el uso inadecuado de mascarillas y la falta de higiene personal. Asimismo, las percepciones negativas hacia estos factores de riesgo fueron de miedo al contagio de uno mismo y de los demás, la intranquilidad, la preocupación, la inseguridad o desconfianza, la desprotección y la incapacidad para enfrentar el virus; y en cuanto a las percepciones positivas, estas fueron: tranquilidad, seguridad, apoyo social, protección a la familia, esperanza y satisfacción.
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