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Relvas AP, Portugal A, Lacomba-Trejo L, Major S, Sotero L, Agostinho R, Moreira M, Randall AK. One year of COVID-19: A longitudinal study of individual and relational factors of psychological adjustment of individuals living in a romantic relationship in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:1005-1025. [PMID: 39188026 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study explored the impact of COVID-19 on individuals in romantic relationships. The sample spans three waves: first confinement (n = 52), deconfinement (n = 49), and second confinement (n = 26). The study tested sociodemographic factors, psychological adjustment (anxiety, depression, stress, well-being), COVID-19 threat perception, dyadic coping, and relationship quality. Results from repeated measures ANOVA and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) models revealed a decline in anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, coupled with improved relationship quality over time. Well-being and dyadic coping remained stable, while COVID-19 threat perception increased. QCA models emphasized the predictive power of initial mental states (anxiety, depression, stress, and well-being at W1) on subsequent adjustment. Notably, shorter relationship duration, healthcare worker status, and not having children, when combined with prior mental states, explained increased symptoms and diminished well-being. The study underscores the significance of addressing these factors in individuals navigating romantic relationships during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Relvas
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alda Portugal
- Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Sofia Major
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciana Sotero
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Agostinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Moreira
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ashley K Randall
- School of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Curtis MG, Wieling E, Bryant C, Campbell RD, Kogan SM. Systemic effects of the COVID pandemic on rural black American men's interpersonal relationships: A phenomenological examination. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297876. [PMID: 38630764 PMCID: PMC11023195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a socionatural disaster that unprecedentedly disrupted the daily lives of individuals, families, and communities. Prior research indicates that Black American men living in rural contexts, particularly in Southern parts of the United States of America, were disproportionately affected by the psychological and economic effects of the pandemic. Despite these disparities, few studies have examined the pandemic's impact on rural Black American men's social networks. This study aimed to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural Black American men's interpersonal relationships. Informed by the principles of critical ethnography and guided by van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology, seventeen men were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using an iterative thematic reduction process consistent with van Manen's approach. Four themes were generated: Familial Reorganization, Adaptive Fatherhood, Rona Romance, and Essential Community. Participants recounted how the pandemic motivated them to improve their relationships with family members and children but contributed additional stress to their romantic relationships. Participants further recounted how their friendships were the least impacted as they were willing to make exceptions to their normal protective protocols to socialize with close friends. Participants also noted feeling disconnected from their wider community because they could not attend church even though their religious beliefs remained unchanged. Findings highlight the need for scholars, clinicians, and policymakers to consider men's relational health when developing and implementing pandemic recovery efforts, as it can significantly influence their ability to recuperate mentally and physically. Future research should be dedicated to (1) investigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fathers, as prior research has nearly exclusively focused on mothers' experiences and (2) delineating protective effects of rural Black American men's involvement in the Black Church from their individual spiritualities to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of contextual crisis on their long-term health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Curtis
- Department of Global Health Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Wieling
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chalandra Bryant
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Lippold MA, Jensen M, Chase GE, Wyman K, Jenkins MR, Mohanty S, Bodenmann G. Parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with their mental health: A dyadic coping perspective. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38528831 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Emerging adults (EAs) are at high risk for mental health challenges and frequently reach out to their parents for support. Yet little is known about how parents help emerging adults manage and cope with daily stressors and which strategies help and which hinder EA mental health. In this cross-sectional pilot study of students at a 2- and 4-year college (ages 18-25, N = 680, mean age = 19.0), we extend models of dyadic coping from intimate relationships to the parent-emerging adult relationship and test whether six specific parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with EA mental health. Emerging adults with parents who provided problem and emotion-focused supportive dyadic coping, delegated dyadic coping, and common/joint dyadic coping reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as higher levels of psychological well-being. In contrast, college-attending emerging adults who reported higher levels of parent-provided negative dyadic coping reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower psychological well-being. Parent-emerging adult dyadic coping is a fruitful area for future research and intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lippold
- UNC School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michaeline Jensen
- UNC-G Psychology Department, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory E Chase
- UNC-G Psychology Department, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kacey Wyman
- UNC School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa R Jenkins
- Waisman Center, The University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Somya Mohanty
- UNC-G Computer Science Department, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lillie HM, Venetis MK, Chernichky-Karcher S. Resilience Communication Mitigates the Negative Relational Effects of Topic Avoidance: Evidence from Parental Caregiving and COVID-19 Pandemic Contexts. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 30:1252-1273. [PMID: 38737382 PMCID: PMC11086999 DOI: 10.1111/pere.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Communicating about hardships with close others can be challenging, leading to avoidance of hardship-related topics. Although typically considered relationally damaging, topic avoidance could serve as a beneficial or neutral strategy when paired with relationally affirming communication. The current research investigates if the resilience communication processes outlined in the communication theory of resilience mitigate the negative relational effects of topic avoidance. Hypotheses are tested in two different contexts: sibling communication during parental caregiving (N=207) and spousal communication in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic (N=598). The processes of crafting normalcy, communication networks, and productive action were beneficial across contexts. When participants reported higher engagement in these processes, topic avoidance was not significantly related to relationship satisfaction. At lower engagement levels, topic avoidance was negatively related to relationship satisfaction. Nuance between contexts existed. For example, humor moderated the effect of sibling caregiving topic avoidance but not spousal COVID-19 topic avoidance.
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Landolt SA, Weitkamp K, Roth M, Sisson NM, Bodenmann G. Dyadic coping and mental health in couples: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 106:102344. [PMID: 37866090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, one out of three people suffer from a mental health issue during their lifetime. In romantic relationships, impaired mental health does not only affect the individual but also their partner and therefore needs to be coped with dyadically. In this systematic review, we summarize research examining dyadic coping (DC) in the context of mental health and individual and relational outcomes. We searched for peer-reviewed articles published between January 1990 and April 2023 on PsycInfo, Medline, and PSYNDEX on DC and mental health within romantic relationships. A total of 60 qualitative, quantitative, and intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 16,394 individuals and 4,945 dyads. To synthesize the studies, we used a narrative synthesis approach. Overall, stress expression and positive DC yielded beneficial individual and relational outcomes, whereas, for negative DC, the opposite was true. Results differed between mental health clusters and context played an important role (e.g., symptom severity, life phase). Due to the great diversity of studies and variables, further research should focus on understudied mental health clusters (e.g., anxiety disorders). Clinicians are advised to view mental health issues as a dyadic rather than an individual phenomenon ("we-disease") and develop tailored couple-centered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle Roth
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie M Sisson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Palese A, Chiappinotto S, Fonda F, Visintini E, Peghin M, Colizzi M, Balestrieri M, De Martino M, Isola M, Tascini C. Lessons learnt while designing and conducting a longitudinal study from the first Italian COVID-19 pandemic wave up to 3 years. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:111. [PMID: 37907957 PMCID: PMC10617212 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several scientific contributions have summarized the "lessons learnt" during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but only a few authors have discussed what we have learnt on how to design and conduct research during a pandemic. The main intent of this study was to summarize the lessons learnt by an Italian multidisciplinary research group that developed and conducted a longitudinal study on COVID-19 patients infected during the first wave in March 2020 and followed-up for 3 years. METHODS A qualitative research approach embedded into the primary CORonavirus MOnitoRing study (CORMOR) study was developed, according to the the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Multiple data collection strategies were performed: each member was invited to report the main lessons learnt according to his/her perspective and experience from the study design throughout its conduction. The narratives collected were summarized and discussed in face-to-face rounds. The narratives were then thematically analysed according to their main topic in a list that was resent to all members to check the content and their organization. The list of the final "lessons learnt" has been agreed by all members, as described in a detailed fashion. RESULTS Several lessons were learnt while designing and conducting a longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic and summarised into ten main themes: some are methodological, while others concern how to conduct research in pandemics/epidemics/infectious disease emergencies. CONCLUSIONS The multidisciplinary approach, which also included patients' perspective, helped us to protect the consistency and quality of the research provided in pandemic times. The lesson learnt suggest that our research approach may benefit from changes in education, clinical practice and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvisa Palese
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | | | - Federico Fonda
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Erica Visintini
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maddalena Peghin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria-ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria De Martino
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Miriam Isola
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Shilton T, Mancini AD, Perlstein S, DiDomenico GE, Visoki E, Greenberg DM, Brown LA, Gur RC, Gur RE, Waller RE, Barzilay R. Contribution of risk and resilience factors to anxiety trajectories during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Stress Health 2023; 39:927-939. [PMID: 36751725 PMCID: PMC10404639 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, and the response of governments to mitigate the pandemic's spread, resulted in exceptional circumstances that comprised a major global stressor, with broad implications for mental health. We aimed to delineate anxiety trajectories over three time-points in the first 6 months of the pandemic and identify baseline risk and resilience factors that predicted anxiety trajectories. Within weeks of the pandemic onset, we established a website (covid19resilience.org), and enrolled 1362 participants (n = 1064 from US; n = 222 from Israel) who provided longitudinal data between April-September 2020. We used latent growth mixture modelling to identify anxiety trajectories and ran multivariate regression models to compare characteristics between trajectory classes. A four-class model best fit the data, including a resilient trajectory (stable low anxiety) the most common (n = 961, 75.08%), and chronic anxiety (n = 149, 11.64%), recovery (n = 96, 7.50%) and delayed anxiety (n = 74, 5.78%) trajectories. Resilient participants were older, not living alone, with higher income, more education, and reported fewer COVID-19 worries and better sleep quality. Higher resilience factors' scores, specifically greater emotion regulation and lower conflict relationships, also uniquely distinguished the resilient trajectory. Results are consistent with the pre-pandemic resilience literature suggesting that most individuals show stable mental health in the face of stressful events. Findings can inform preventative interventions for improved mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Shilton
- Sheba Medical Centre, Child Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Israel
| | | | - Samantha Perlstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace E DiDomenico
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elina Visoki
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lily A Brown
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Paleari FG, Ertan I, Cavagnis L, Donato S. Family Resilience and Dyadic Coping during the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Their Protective Role in Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6719. [PMID: 37754580 PMCID: PMC10530876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has dramatically worsened people's psychological well-being. Our aim was to examine for the first time the concurrent and longitudinal relations of family resilience with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, and the moderating role of socio-demographics. For people having a romantic partner, we also explored whether family resilience and dyadic coping were uniquely related to well-being. One cross-sectional study (N = 325) and one 10-week follow-up study (N = 112) were carried out during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) in Northern Italy. Adult participants completed an online questionnaire in both studies. Correlation, multivariate regression, and moderation analyses were carried out with IBM SPSS version 28 and its PROCESS macro. Significance of differences in correlation and regression coefficients was tested through Steiger's procedure, Wald test, and SUEST method. Family resilience was found to relate more strongly to eudaimonic (versus hedonic) well-being concurrently and to hedonic (versus eudaimonic) well-being longitudinally. The concurrent or longitudinal relations with hedonic well-being were generally stronger for females, part-time workers, and people undergoing multiple stressors. For people having a romantic partner, family resilience was concurrently associated with well-being independently of dyadic coping, whereas dyadic coping was longitudinally related to well-being independently of family resilience. Family resilience was found to protect, in the short term, the psychological well-being of people facing the pandemic outbreak. Its protective role mainly concerned hedonic well-being and was more pronounced for more vulnerable people. For persons having a romantic partner, however, dyadic coping seemed to have equal, if not greater, positive short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giorgia Paleari
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Irem Ertan
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Cavagnis
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Silvia Donato
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Ferrari L, Canzi E, Barni D, Ranieri S, Danioni FV, La Fico G, Rosnati R. COVID-19-Related Stress and Resilience Resources: A Comparison Between Adoptive and non-Adoptive Mothers. FAMILY JOURNAL (ALEXANDRIA, VA.) 2023; 31:454-463. [PMID: 38603286 PMCID: PMC9465058 DOI: 10.1177/10664807221124251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite an increasing interest in how adoptive parents deal with situations appraised as stressful, there is a lack of research regarding adoptive parents' adjustment to the challenges posed by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. The current study explores similarities and differences between adoptive and non-adoptive mothers in terms of risks (i.e., COVID-19-related stress) and individual (i.e., sense of coherence [SOC]), couple (i.e., partner's support), parent-child (i.e., parent-child relationship satisfaction), and social (i.e., friends' support) resources in the face of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the present study was aimed at predicting which variables discriminate more effectively between the two groups. Participants were 445 Italian mothers (40.9% adoptive mothers), who were asked to fill in an anonymous online survey between May 2021 and October 2021. Results showed that adoptive and non-adoptive mothers reported different resilience resources to face the stressors posed by the health emergency. Specifically, COVID-19 traumatic stress symptoms, parent-child relationship satisfaction, and SOC were found to contribute most in discriminating between the two groups. Findings are discussed in relation to future research developments and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferrari
- Department of Psychology, Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Canzi
- Department of Psychology, Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sonia Ranieri
- Department of Psychology, Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana La Fico
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Rosnati
- Department of Psychology, Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Bonvino A, Calvio A, Stallone R, Marinelli CV, Quarto T, Petito A, Palladino P, Monacis L. Emotions in Times of Pandemic Crisis among Italian Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6168. [PMID: 37372755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Several studies underlined the negative effects of forced social isolation on emotional processes in younger population. The current study aimed to review existing evidence of the pandemic's impact on the emotional regulation of Italian children aged 0-12 years in order to identify personal and contextual factors that may adversely impact their developmental process. Different electronic databases (Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Scopus) were used to identify peer-reviewed studies published in English and Italian. Thirteen studies were included in the review, covering a total of 18.843 children. All studies reported negative effects of the lockdown on a child's emotional processes. The most affected were children aged 3-5 years, those living in Northern Italy, and those with low socioeconomic status (SES) families. Alterations in emotional processes were associated with sleep disturbances, quality of family relationships, personality structures, the coping strategies used, and time spent with technological devices. Finally, two- (time × parenting) and three-way (time × parenting × environmental sensitivity) interactions resulted significantly in predicting a child's emotional regulation, respectively, in terms of externalizing and internalizing behaviors. This review remarks that children's emotional processes were negatively impacted during social lockdown, especially where acute social isolation interacted with a set of dispositional and situational risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Bonvino
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Calvio
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Stallone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Quarto
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Palladino
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Monacis
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
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Relvas AP, Lacomba-Trejo L, Portugal A, Chiarolanza C, Major S, Rosa C, Sotero L, Randall AK. YES, WE COPE: Dyadic Coping as a Mediator Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Emotional Representation of COVID-19. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1-11. [PMID: 37363748 PMCID: PMC10156576 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about social changes that have impacted the functioning and dynamics of couples in a romantic relationship, arising from the overwhelming amount of added stress they have endured. Specifically, the divorce rate in Portugal has increased after lockdown, which underscores the adverse consequences of COVID-19 on couples. A lower quality of the couple's relationship may worsen the emotional representation of COVID-19; however, the literature suggests that perceived partner dyadic coping responses have a great influence on adverse events. The aim of the present study was to assess the mediating role of partner coping in the association between relationship quality and emotional representation of COVID-19. We also sought to observe whether the length of the relationship moderates this association. Methods Participants (N = 528) were adults living in Portugal (84.7% female) currently in a romantic relationship with their current partner for at least 1 year. Online data collection. Results We found that relationship quality predicted COVID-19 emotional representation, but this association was fully mediated by total dyadic coping. This association was especially significant in couples with a shorter length of time in the relationship. Conclusions We point out the importance of dyadic coping as a protective factor against emotional distress to cope with the ongoing stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest the need for relationship education programs that promote positive coping between partners. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Relvas
- Present Address: Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21. 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alda Portugal
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra & Department of Psychology, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Claudia Chiarolanza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - Sofia Major
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of the Azores, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rosa
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciana Sotero
- Present Address: Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
| | - Ashley K. Randall
- Honors Faculty, Senior Global Futures Scientist Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall Tempe, Arizona, 85281 AZ USA
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Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Białorudzki M, Mazur J. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2988. [PMID: 36833681 PMCID: PMC9957324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which relationship quality affects variability in perceived stress and other emotional difficulties associated with the pandemic. The study was conducted 2-17 March 2022 using a self-administered online survey. The sample size consisted of 1405 individuals who were in a romantic relationship. The scales used in the study included the PSS-4, ECR-RS, SLS-12 and the standardized Pandemic-ED scale (RMSEA = 0.032). Increased stress levels (U = -5.741), pandemic-related emotional difficulties (U = -8.720), worse romantic relationship quality (U = -2.564) and more frequent anxiety-related attachment (U = -3.371) were characteristic of women. A hierarchical regression model for stress showed that age (b = -0.143), financial situation (b = 0.024), the ECR-RS scores (b = 0.219) and pandemic-related emotional difficulties (b = 0.358) proved to be statistically significant predictors of stress. The hierarchical regression model for pandemic-related emotional difficulties indicated five predictors: gender (b = 0.166), education (b = 0.071), financial situation (b = 0.203), scores on the ECR-RS scale (b = 0.048) and stress (b = 0.367). The SEM model used has satisfactory fit indices (RMSEA = 0.051), romantic relationship quality scores and attachment styles interact with the variability of perceived pandemic-related stress and burdens. The determined model offers conclusions relevant to clinicians working with individuals and couples during periods of intense stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kozakiewicz
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Izdebski
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Białorudzki
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
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13
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Donato S, Brugnera A, Adorni R, Molgora S, Reverberi E, Manzi C, Angeli M, Bagirova A, Benet-Martinez V, Camilleri L, Camilleri-Cassar F, Kazasi EH, Meil G, Symeonaki M, Aksu A, Batthyany K, Brazienė R, Genta N, Masselot A, Morrissey S. Workers' individual and dyadic coping with the COVID-19 health emergency: A cross cultural study. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:551-575. [PMID: 38603320 PMCID: PMC9482883 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine workers' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic as a function of their individual coping, dyadic coping, and work-family conflict. We also tested the moderating role of gender and culture in these associations. To achieve this aim, we run HLM analyses on data from 1521 workers cohabiting with a partner, coming from six countries (Italy, Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Greece, and Russia) characterized by various degrees of country-level individualism/collectivism. Across all six countries, findings highlighted that work-family conflict as well as the individual coping strategy social support seeking were associated with higher psychological distress for workers, while the individual coping strategy positive attitude and common dyadic coping were found to be protective against workers' psychological distress. This latter association, moreover, was stronger in more individualistic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donato
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Molgora
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Reverberi
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Manzi
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Angeli
- Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anna Bagirova
- Department of Sociology and Public Administration Technologies, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Veronica Benet-Martinez
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, ICREA & Universidad Pompeu-Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liberato Camilleri
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Evi Hatzivarnava Kazasi
- Center for Gender Studies, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerardo Meil
- Department of Sociology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Symeonaki
- Department of Social Policy, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Ayça Aksu
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karina Batthyany
- Department of Sociology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruta Brazienė
- Department of Social Policy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalia Genta
- Department of Sociology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Annick Masselot
- Faculty of Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Suzy Morrissey
- Public Policy Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Kokkinaki T, Koutra K, Michopoulou O, Anagnostatou N, Chaziraki L, Kokarida P, Hatzidaki E. Giving Birth in Unpredictable Conditions: Association between Parents' COVID-19 Related Concerns, Family Functioning, Dyadic Coping, Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2550. [PMID: 36554073 PMCID: PMC9778005 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The way postpartum parents' COVID-19-related concerns are associated with the family environment, support resources and depressive symptoms areunder-investigated. METHODS Two hundred and forty-three new parents (132 mothers, 111 fathers) completed self-report questionnaires within an 8-week period after birth. Parental concerns for COVID-19-related life changes were assessed with the COVID-19 Questionnaire, perceived social support with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, perceived family functioning with the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales IV Package, dyadic coping behaviors with the Dyadic Coping Inventory and maternal/paternal postnatal depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS (a) Higher levels of COVID-19-related concerns about daily life were associated with lower levels of family communication, satisfaction and increased depressive symptomatology in both parents, and with lower levels of family functioning in mothers; (b) Maternal health care COVID-19-related concerns were linked with lower levels of family communication, lower perceived social support and with an increase in maternal depressive symptoms; and (c) COVID-19-related concerns about neonate hospitalization were associated with increased maternal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Τhese findings suggest that COVID-19-related concerns had a common negative effect on both postpartum mothers' and fathers' mental health and on certain aspects of family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theano Kokkinaki
- Child Development and Education Unit, Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 741 50 Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Addiction Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 741 50 Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Olga Michopoulou
- Department of Neonatology/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 715 00 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nicole Anagnostatou
- Department of Neonatology/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 715 00 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lina Chaziraki
- Department of Obstetrics—Gynecology, General Hospital of Chania, 733 00 Chania, Greece
| | | | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 715 00 Heraklion, Greece
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15
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Donovan EE, Alducin R, Spaulding K, Kim J, Alkhafaji H, Gonzales C, Lazenby B, Naeem A, Sarwar F. The labor of talking to stay healthy and socially connected: Communication work during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2022; 2:100102. [PMID: 35607514 PMCID: PMC9110301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary means through which people protect themselves and their loved ones from COVID-19 is by communicating with others, as they discuss preventive health behaviors and make decisions about safe social interaction. These conversations are sometimes quite challenging. Guided by the conceptual lens of communication work, this study was an investigation of how communication during the pandemic was experienced by people as work. Findings validated and extended the communication work construct. Communication during the pandemic is effortful because it is high stakes, relentless, and takes an emotional toll. Nonetheless, many people feel a sense of responsibility and obligation to have these conversations. Communication about COVID-19 is divisible labor that can be shared. People engage in strategic preparation and message design to accomplish multiple goals before, during, and after discussions about pandemic topics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joon Kim
- The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | | | | | | | - Anusha Naeem
- The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Faiza Sarwar
- The University of Texas at Austin, United States
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16
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Cornelius T, DiGiovanni A, Scott AW, Bolger N. COVID-19 distress and interdependence of daily emotional intimacy, physical intimacy, and loneliness in cohabiting couples. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022; 39:3638-3659. [PMID: 37578210 PMCID: PMC9163657 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has had a profound impact on relationship functioning, though effects have been heterogeneous. Reasons for divergent effects on relationship functioning remain unclear. Theoretical models suggest that it is not just stress exposure that leads to adverse relationships outcomes, but also subjective response to these stressors. Using data from a 14-day intensive longitudinal study of romantic dyads, we hypothesized that COVID-19-related distress would adversely impact one's own and one's partner's report of relationship functioning, on average. Interdependence at the between-couple and within-couple level was also examined. Methods Participants were 104 female-male romantic couples cohabiting the New York metropolitan area (Mage = 28.86, SDage = 7.69) between August 2020 - April 2021. Couples reported COVID-19 distress during a baseline interview and daily relationship functioning for 14 days. Multilevel models were specified for six outcomes simultaneously: female and male partner daily physical intimacy, emotional intimacy, and loneliness. Interrelationships of the intercepts of the six outcomes were specified, reflecting between-couple associations of each partner's stable outcome tendencies. Interrelationships of the daily residuals of the six outcomes were also specified, reflecting within-couple associations at the daily level. Results Female partner COVID-19 distress was inversely associated with her own emotional and physical intimacy and positively associated with her own and her partner's loneliness. Male COVID-19 distress was associated with his own loneliness only. There was significant interdependence at the between- and within-couple level, such that greater loneliness in either partner was associated with less intimacy in each member of the couple. Discussion Only one partner effect for COVID-19 distress emerged, such that female partner distress was associated with male partner loneliness; however, interdependence at the between- and within-couple level suggested that distress may adversely impact relational well-being over time. Future studies should examine reciprocal relationships between COVID-19-related distress and relationship functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talea Cornelius
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana DiGiovanni
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allie W Scott
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niall Bolger
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Everri M, Messena M, Nearchou F, Fruggeri L. Parent-Child Relationships, Digital Media Use and Parents' Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement: The Role of Family Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15687. [PMID: 36497760 PMCID: PMC9737484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research has provided substantial evidence on the role of parents' well-being in the quality of parent-child relationships and children's adjustment. Parents' stress and parental couple conflict have been linked to children's adverse developmental outcomes. However, little is known about the factors that affect parents' well-being when coping with multiple stressors such as those brought by the recent COVID-19 global pandemic. Our study intended to examine the predictors of parental well-being by looking at the contextual factors of COVID-19 home confinement, i.e., the use of digital media and parents' domestic workload, and family resilience in two countries: Ireland and Italy. Additionally, the age and number of children were controlled as potential variables impacting parents' well-being. A three-step hierarchical regression analysis was applied. The results showed that family resilience was a very strong predictor of parents' well-being after controlling for any other variable. Parental couples' conflict over the use of technology predicted lower levels of parents' well-being, while, notably, parent child-conflict and domestic workload were not associated with parents' well-being. Additionally, the age of children did play a role: the higher the mean age of children in the family the better the parents' well-being. The findings are discussed in the light of cross-country differences and their implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Everri
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mattia Messena
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finiki Nearchou
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Fruggeri
- Centro Bolognese di Terapia della Famiglia, 40121 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Pauly T, Lüscher J, Berli C, Scholz U. Dynamic associations between stress and relationship functioning in the wake of COVID-19: Longitudinal data from the German family panel (pairfam). JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022; 39:3183-3203. [PMID: 38603129 PMCID: PMC9047667 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Individuals all across the world experienced significant disruptions in their personal and family life with the outbreak of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study investigated dynamic associations between stress and relationship functioning over time in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived stress, relationship satisfaction, and relationship quality (appreciation, intimacy, conflict) were reported by 1483 young to middle-aged participants who were in a romantic relationship and lived with their partner in 2018/2019 and in May-July 2020 (a few months after the onset of COVID-19). Data were analyzed using bivariate latent change score models. Relationship functioning (satisfaction, appreciation, intimacy) showed small decreases from before to during the pandemic. Contrary to expectations, levels of perceived stress also decreased on average from before to during the pandemic. Changes in relationship functioning were correlated with changes in stress over time, so that participants with greater decreases in relationship satisfaction, appreciation, and intimacy and greater increases in conflict from before to during the pandemic showed lesser decreases/greater increases in stress. Higher pre-pandemic relationship satisfaction was associated with greater decreases/lesser increases in stress from before to during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic levels of other measures of relationship functioning or stress were not associated with changes in outcomes over time. Results add to the literature demonstrating that stress is closely intertwined with the functioning of intimate relationships. Furthermore, they suggest that greater relationship satisfaction may serve as a protective factor for stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pauly
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority
Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Lüscher
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Berli
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority
Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Xiang E, Zhang X, Raza SA, Oluyomi A, Amos CI, Badr H. Risk and resilience in couple's adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022; 39:3252-3274. [PMID: 38603302 PMCID: PMC9047666 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic's global scope and resulting social distancing measures have caused unprecedented economic, lifestyle, and social impacts to personal and relationship well-being. While lockdowns have prompted individuals to increase reliance on intimate partners for support, stressful external contexts can also interfere with partners' capacity to request and provide support, resulting in relationship dissatisfaction and even dissolution. Guided by a risk and resilience framework, this study examined the impact of perceived stress, social contextual factors, and dyadic coping on self-reported relationship satisfaction changes during the initial United States COVID-19 lockdown period. Participants were adults in romantic relationships who completed an online survey between April 13 and June 8, 2020. Overall, survey respondents (N = 1106) reported higher perceived stress levels than established population norms, and small but significant decrements in relationship satisfaction. Multivariable models revealed that higher perceived stress levels were associated with lower relationship satisfaction levels. Additionally, dyadic coping was found to moderate the impact of perceived stress on relationship satisfaction (B = .05, 95% CI = .02- .07), suggesting that engaging in dyadic coping buffered individuals from adverse effects of perceived stress on their relationships. Findings emphasize heightened stress experienced by individuals during the pandemic, potential detrimental effects of stress on couple relationships, and suggest dyadic coping may help buffer couples from adverse effects of the pandemic on their relationships. As such, dyadic coping may be an important target for future interventions designed to assist couples during the ongoing pandemic and future pandemics/natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Xiang
- Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hoda Badr
- Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Overall NC, Low RST, Chang VT, Henderson AME, McRae CS, Pietromonaco PR. Enduring COVID-19 lockdowns: Risk versus resilience in parents' health and family functioning across the pandemic. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022; 39:3296-3319. [PMID: 36438854 PMCID: PMC9681669 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221095781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Have the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic risked declines in parents' health and family functioning, or have most parents been resilient and shown no changes in health and family functioning? Assessing average risk versus resilience requires examining how families have fared across the pandemic, beyond the initial months examined in prior investigations. The current research examines changes in parents' health and functioning over the first 1.5 years of the pandemic. Parents (N = 272) who had completed general pre-pandemic assessments completed reassessments of psychological/physical health, couple/family functioning, and parenting within two mandatory lockdowns in New Zealand: at the beginning of the pandemic (26 March-28 April 2020) and 17 months later (18 August-21 September 2021). Parents exhibited average declines in psychological/physical health (greater depressive symptoms; reduced well-being, energy and physical health) and in couple/family functioning (reduced commitment and family cohesion; greater problem severity and family chaos). By contrast, there were no average differences in parent-child relationship quality and parenting practices across lockdowns. Declines in health and couple/family functioning occurred irrespective of pre-pandemic health and functioning, but partner support buffered declines in couple/family functioning. The results emphasize that attending to the challenges parents and couples face in the home will be important to mitigate and recover from the impact of the pandemic on parents' and children's well-being.
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21
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Estlein R, Gewirtz‐Meydan A, Opuda E. Love in the time of COVID-19: A systematic mapping review of empirical research on romantic relationships one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:1208-1228. [PMID: 35419816 PMCID: PMC9111335 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every area of daily life, including romantic relationships. With the pandemic still ongoing, this study reviewed the existing scholarly literature to document the status of empirical research on how COVID-19 has affected couples during its first year. Studies were identified through searching five databases as well as sources of gray literature. Overall, 42 studies on committed romantic relationships during the first year of the pandemic were identified. The mapping process revealed four main themes: (1) relationship quality; (2) sexuality; (3) couple daily adjustment; and (4) intimate partner violence. The findings suggest that the way romantic relationships were affected by the pandemic depends on a variety of demographic, individual, and couple-level factors. Implications include a call for both the development of evidence-based interventions that consider the current findings and further research to continue exploring the clinical implications of future findings to promote healthy intimate relationships during the ongoing global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Estlein
- Center for Research and Study of the FamilySchool of Social WorkUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Ateret Gewirtz‐Meydan
- Center for Research and Study of the FamilySchool of Social WorkUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Eugenia Opuda
- Health and Human Services LibrarianUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
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22
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Rossi C, De Salve F, Agliati M, Oasi O. Coping strategies and mental health: A web-based survey among the Italian population dealing with COVID-19. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, PROCESS AND OUTCOME 2022; 25. [PMID: 35796596 PMCID: PMC9422317 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2022.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be a highly stressful event with a major impact on psychological mental health worldwide. The use of different coping strategies may change the perception of psychological well-being during the pandemic. The present study aims to explore psychological mental health in relation to sociodemographic variables and to analyze the coping strategies of the Italian population in dealing with COVID-19. Implications for clinical interventions are reported. A total of 537 individuals (>18) participated in the survey completing measures of sociodemographic data, general psychological well-being, and coping strategies. Results found that females, students, and unmarried people reported the lowest levels of well-being. Specifically, the coping strategy called positive attitude was positively correlated with psychological well-being, whereas avoidance and social support strategies negatively influenced well-being. Understanding beneficial coping strategies is central to optimally manage the long-lasting of the current COVID-19 situation and may be useful for mental health professionals in treating patients suffering psychologically from the pandemic.
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23
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Giannotti M, Mazzoni N, Bentenuto A, Venuti P, de Falco S. Family adjustment to COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: Parental stress, coparenting, and child externalizing behavior. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:745-763. [PMID: 34195986 PMCID: PMC8444949 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of psychological distress in families during COVID-19 outbreak are arising. However, the perceived changes in psychological adjustment during home confinement with respect to the period before the pandemic have not been addressed yet. Moreover, little is known about the role of coparenting and specific COVID-19 contextual variables on parental stress and children's behavioral difficulties in the Italian context. Using a cross-sectional survey, we collected data on 841 Italian parents of children aged 3-11 years with typical development during the home confinement (20th April-18th May). We analyzed levels of parental stress, coparenting, and child externalizing behaviors before and during the home confinement. Additionally, hierarchical regressions were performed to investigate predictors of parental stress and child externalizing behaviors during the lockdown. Results showed that parental stress (especially in mothers) and child externalizing behaviors increased during the lockdown period. Coparenting was a strong predictor of parental stress, together with being a mother, younger child age, less time dedicated to the child, and scarce feasibility of remote working. Besides, child externalizing behaviors were predicted by male gender, less parental time dedicated to the child, higher parental stress, and child distance learning workload. Our findings indicate a negative impact of COVID-19 lockdown in both parents and children, suggesting that positive coparenting and time dedicated to children may help to reduce the detrimental effect of pandemic restrictions on family adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Giannotti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive SciencesObservation, Diagnosis and Education LabUniversity of TrentoRovereto, TrentoItaly
| | - Noemi Mazzoni
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive SciencesObservation, Diagnosis and Education LabUniversity of TrentoRovereto, TrentoItaly
| | - Arianna Bentenuto
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive SciencesObservation, Diagnosis and Education LabUniversity of TrentoRovereto, TrentoItaly
| | - Paola Venuti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive SciencesObservation, Diagnosis and Education LabUniversity of TrentoRovereto, TrentoItaly
| | - Simona de Falco
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive SciencesObservation, Diagnosis and Education LabUniversity of TrentoRovereto, TrentoItaly
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24
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Dan VH, Ponnuchamy L, Anand N, Bhaskarapillai B. Social support among persons with depressive disorders during COVID-19 pandemic. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:2981-2988. [PMID: 36119187 PMCID: PMC9480639 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2462_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The extent of depressive disorders is wide in the Indian population as reported by epidemiological studies, warranting a necessary area of intervention to cover the rampant treatment gap. Social support is known to vary as per the community-level changes, which may be attributed to events kickstarted by COVID-19. Objectives This study aimed to assess the social support among persons with depressive disorders. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 75 individuals of age ranging from 18 to 46 years from multi-ethnic communities across India. We used the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results This sample had a mean age of 32 years (SD: 7.88 years), and recurrent depressive disorder was the larger prevalent psychopathology diagnosed during their routine clinical consultation in the hospital (69.3%). The majority of the respondents experienced moderate depression (n = 42), followed by mild depression (n = 14) and severe depression (n = 5). Social support and resilience were found to be mildly correlated with each other for persons with mild depression (r = 0.620; P = 0.018). Conclusion Persons with mild depressive features may benefit from low-cost and community-based interventions directed to enhance social support and thus impact resilience. Psychosocial interventions must address the impact of moderate depression and recurrent depressive disorder and include social support at all spousal, family, and societal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Hubert Dan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - L. Ponnuchamy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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25
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Kokkinaki T, Hatzidaki E. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Restrictions: Factors That May Affect Perinatal Maternal Mental Health and Implications for Infant Development. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:846627. [PMID: 35633965 PMCID: PMC9133722 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.846627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the factors that may affect maternal mental health and infant development in COVID-19 pandemic condition. Toward this direction, the two objectives of this review are the following: (a) to discuss possible factors that may have affected negatively perinatal mental health through the pandemic-related restrictions; and (b) to present the implications of adversely affected maternal emotional wellbeing on infant development. We conclude that the pandemic may has affected maternal mental health with possible detrimental effects for the infants of the COVID-19 generation. We highlight the need for evidence-based interventions to be integrated within the health system for prenatal and postpartum care in an effort to promote maternal mental health and infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theano Kokkinaki
- Child Development and Education Unit, Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), School of Medicine, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
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26
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Galdiolo S, Culot S, Delannoy P, Mauroy A, Laforgue F, Gaugue J. Harmful Stress-Related Couple Processes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: A Longitudinal Dyadic Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:819874. [PMID: 35418906 PMCID: PMC8996772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.819874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus “pandemic.” To reduce the risk of contamination, many countries have ordered a lockdown characterized by social distancing and restrictive isolation measures. While the lockdown has proven to be quite effective in terms of physical health, little is known about its impact on couple satisfaction in a dyadic perspective. The current research was a 4-waves longitudinal study (i.e., from March to July 2020) with the objective to examine the trajectory of couple satisfaction during the lockdown with a dyadic perspective (N = 108 couples), including the presence (or absence) of children at home, the number of hours spent together, and the duration of the relationship as time-invariant predictors and the partner’s couple satisfaction trajectory as a time-varying covariate. Results showed positive intraindividual changes in couple satisfaction during the lockdown, especially an increase in partners’ effectiveness for resolving couple conflicts and a decrease in partners’ aggressiveness. Partners had also perceived the influence of the lockdown as more and more positive over time on couple and family functioning. Finally, the couple satisfaction of both partners changed in tandem during the lockdown: The perception of the couple relationship seems to similarly evolve between partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Galdiolo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Culot
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pauline Delannoy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Anthony Mauroy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Florine Laforgue
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Justine Gaugue
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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27
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Offurum CJ, Leibetseder M, Jenull B. Understanding Compliant Behavior During a Pandemic: Contribution From the Perspective of Schema-Based Psychotherapy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:805987. [PMID: 35197902 PMCID: PMC8859468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study examined whether compliance with anti-pandemic measures during the COVID-19 pandemic relates to (a) importance of the fulfillment of core psychological needs, namely, relationship, self-esteem, efficacy, and pleasure; (b) coping behavior styles, namely, surrender, self-soothing, divert attention, and confrontation; and (c) worries or concerns beyond COVID-19 which may impair wellbeing. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design and online survey data from responses to a structured questionnaire developed within the theoretical framework of schema-based psychotherapy on psychological needs and coping behavior styles from 740 participants in Central Europe and West Africa. Results Analysis indicated that people with the psychological needs of “pleasure” and “efficacy” and the coping style of “surrender” were more likely to comply with anti-pandemic measures. We also found that people with the coping style of “confrontation” were less likely to comply. There were no statistically significant relationships between compliance and “relationship,” “self-esteem,” “self-soothing,” “divert attention,” and “existential concerns.” Discussion Our findings indicate that how likely a given individual is to comply with prescribed pandemic countermeasures varies based on their specific psychological needs and behavior styles. Therefore, to control contagion during a pandemic, authorities must recognize the relevance of human need fulfillment and their behavior styles and accordingly highlight and encourage admissible and feasible actions. The findings demonstrate that some individual differences in core psychological needs and coping behavior patterns predict compliance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chino José Offurum
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.,Institut für Verhaltenstherapie [Cognitive Behavior Therapy Training Institute] - AVM, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Max Leibetseder
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.,Institut für Verhaltenstherapie [Cognitive Behavior Therapy Training Institute] - AVM, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenull
- Institut für Verhaltenstherapie [Cognitive Behavior Therapy Training Institute] - AVM, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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28
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Romeo A, Castelli L, Benfante A, Tella MD. Love in the time of COVID-19: The negative effects of the pandemic on psychological well-being and dyadic adjustment. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:525-527. [PMID: 34952110 PMCID: PMC8758137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Romeo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorys Castelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Agata Benfante
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Marialaura Di Tella
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy.
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29
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Jakubowski TD, Sitko-Dominik MM. Teachers' mental health during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257252. [PMID: 34555049 PMCID: PMC8460021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching work is stressful, moreover during the pandemic teachers' stress might have been intensified by distance education as well as by limited access to social support, which functions as a buffer in experiencing stress. The aim of the research was to investigate the relation between distance education and teachers' well-being, and their close relations and other social relations during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The research was conducted in two stages on 285 Polish primary and secondary school teachers who were recruited by means of the chain referral method. The following measures were used: The Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales-21, Berlin Social Support Scales, The Relationship Satisfaction Scale and The Injustice Experience Questionnaire. RESULTS The teachers experienced at least mild levels of stress, anxiety and depression, both during the first as well as the second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. It has been confirmed that there is a negative relation between relationship quality change and social relations quality change, and stress, anxiety and depression. The variables taken into consideration in the research have provided the explanation for the variation of stress-from 6% in the first stage of the research to 47% in the second stage; for the variation of anxiety-from 21% to 31%; and for the variation of depression-from 12% to 46%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The research results show that due to distance work the distinction between professional work and family life might have been blurred, and as a consequence teachers' well-being could have been worsened. The isolation put on to stop the spreading of the virus might have contributed to changes in social relations, in close relations in particular, and at the same time negatively influenced teachers' abilities to effectively cope with the crisis situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Daniel Jakubowski
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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30
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Aydogan D, Kara E, Kalkan E. Understanding relational resilience of married adults in quarantine days. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:8249-8259. [PMID: 34493914 PMCID: PMC8413688 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quarantine and isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic revealed a new stress condition in marriage relationship. This study aimed to investigate, under quarantine and isolation days, how relational resilience in marriage is explained with their psychological distress, and mediation roles of negative and positive dyadic coping in the marriage relationship between psychological distress and relational resilience. Data of the research study was obtained via an online form two months after the announcement of the pandemic in Turkey. The participants were 386 married people (49.7% were men, 50.3% women) who ranged in age from 23 to 65 years (M = 37.35, SD = 10.10). Participants were given Personal Information Form, The Relational Resilience Scale, The Dyadic Coping Inventory, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Results showed that negative and positive coping have mediating influence on psychological stress of married individuals and their relational resilience during quarantine. It is seen that especially in quarantine days, positive coping strategies of married individuals, in coping with these conditions, is an important factor increasing relational resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Aydogan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ece Kara
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Merkez Turkey
| | - Enes Kalkan
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance PhD Student University of Gazi, Ordu, Turkey
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31
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Danioni F, Sorgente A, Barni D, Canzi E, Ferrari L, Ranieri S, Iafrate R, Regalia C, Rosnati R, Lanz M. Sense of Coherence and COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:657-677. [PMID: 34289329 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1952151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong restrictive measures adopted in 2020 against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy have deeply affected the general population's mental health. In the current longitudinal study, we specifically focus on sense of coherence (SOC), both in terms of comprehensibility/manageability and meaningfulness, among a large sample of Italian adults; SOC is a potential resource likely to foster the ability to cope with stressors. A total of 2,191 Italian participants (65.8% female) aged 18-82 completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire at Time 1 (during the lockdown, March 2020) and at Time 2 (at the resumption of most activities, July 2020). The Repeated Measures Latent Profile Analysis (RMLPA) allowed us to identify seven different SOC profiles based on the change in both SOC dimensions, ranging from a strong "crisis" in terms of this resource in the face of the pandemic to a solid possibility to count on it. Interestingly, female and younger respondents were more likely to belong to those profiles characterized by lower levels of SOC, and these profiles have specific relations with fear and wellbeing. The implications of these results and the further expansion of the study are discussed.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2021.1952151 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danioni
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo
| | - Elena Canzi
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Laura Ferrari
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Sonia Ranieri
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Raffaella Iafrate
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Rosa Rosnati
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Margherita Lanz
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
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32
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Rapelli G, Lopez G, Donato S, Pagani AF, Parise M, Bertoni A, Iafrate R. A Postcard From Italy: Challenges and Psychosocial Resources of Partners Living With and Without a Chronic Disease During COVID-19 Epidemic. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567522. [PMID: 33362633 PMCID: PMC7759477 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The sudden outbreak of this new virus and the measure of lockdown adopted to contain the epidemic have profoundly changed the lifestyles of the Italian population, with an impact on people's quality of life and on their social relationships. In particular, due to forced and prolonged cohabitation, couples may be subject to specific stressors during the epidemic. In addition, living with a chronic health condition may add specific challenges to the ones posed by the epidemic itself. The present cross-sectional study aimed to provide a picture of the challenges as well as the resources for both individual and relational well-being of Italian individuals in a couple relationship (N = 1921), with a specific attention to the comparison between individuals living with and without a chronic disease. Results showed that people with a chronic disease had lower psychological well-being and more fears and worries about the COVID-19. People with a chronic disease perceived fewer resources than healthy people. Moreover, the challenges are shown to be associated with less psychological well-being and high pessimism about the future. Instead individual, relational, and social resources play a protective role during the pandemic for both healthy and chronically ill people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Rapelli
- Department of Psychology, Family Studies and Research University Centre, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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