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Harnas SJ, Knoop H, Sprangers MAG, Braamse AMJ. Defining and operationalizing personalized psychological treatment - a systematic literature review. Cogn Behav Ther 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38535891 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2333345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This systematic literature review aimed to propose a definition of personalized psychological treatment and to suggest how the definition can be operationalized. PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to 11 December 2023 for studies in which a definition of personalized psychological treatment was included or a systematic operationalization of personalized psychological treatment was described. Based on a narrative synthesis of the collected definitions, summary categories were developed that informed the proposed definition. Operationalizations were described according to what aspect of treatment, how and when treatment was personalized. The extent to which the operationalizations deviated from the proposed definition was assessed. Thirty-four studies with definitions and 200 with operationalizations were included. The following definition was proposed: personalized psychological treatment aims to optimize treatment outcome for the individual patient by tailoring treatment to unique or specific needs, preferences or other characteristics and includes a systematic adaptation of treatment or a differentiation between treatment strategies. Based on the operationalizations, timing of personalization, specification of the systematic approach and treatment elements that could be personalized were added to the proposed definition. Evidence-based personalization of psychological treatments can be enhanced by clear operationalization based on a comprehensive definition of personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Harnas
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mental Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Knoop
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mental Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A G Sprangers
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mental Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M J Braamse
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mental Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Yaffe MJ, McCusker J, Lambert SD, Haggerty J, Meguerditchian AN, Pineault M, Barnabé A, Belzile E, Minotti S, de Raad M. Self-care interventions to assist family physicians with mental health care of older patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a pilot randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297937. [PMID: 38358971 PMCID: PMC10868770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has required family physicians to rapidly address increasing mental health problems with limited resources. Vulnerable home-based seniors with chronic physical conditions and commonly undermanaged symptoms of anxiety and depression were recruited in this pilot study to compare two brief self-care intervention strategies for the management of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. METHODS We conducted a pilot RCT to compare two tele-health strategies to address mental health symptoms either with 1) validated CBT self-care tools plus up to three telephone calls from a trained lay coach vs. 2) the CBT self-guided tools alone. The interventions were abbreviated from those previously trialed by our team, to enable their completion in 2 months. Objectives were to assess the feasibility of delivering the interventions during a pandemic (recruitment and retention); and assess the comparative acceptability of the interventions across the two groups (satisfaction and tool use); and estimate preliminary comparative effectiveness of the interventions on severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. Because we were interested in whether the interventions were acceptable to a wide range of older adults, no mental health screening for eligibility was performed. RESULTS 90 eligible patients were randomized. 93% of study completers consulted the self-care tools and 84% of those in the coached arm received at least some coaching support. Satisfaction scores were high among participants in both groups. No difference in depression and anxiety outcomes between the coached and non-coached participants was observed, but coaching was found to have a significant effect on participants' use and perceived helpfulness of the tools. CONCLUSION Both interventions were feasible and acceptable to patients. Trained lay coaching increased patients' engagement with the tools. Self-care tools offer a low cost and acceptable remote activity that can be targeted to those with immediate needs. While effectiveness results were inconclusive, this may be due to the lack of eligibility screening for mental health symptoms, abbreviated toolkit, and fewer coaching sessions than those used in our previous effective interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0460937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Yaffe
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Family Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jane McCusker
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie D. Lambert
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeannie Haggerty
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ari N. Meguerditchian
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Barnabé
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Belzile
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Minotti
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manon de Raad
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Yavuz CI, Yildiz Mİ, Sari ÖY, B Uçgun A, Altintas KH. Psychological well-being of healthcare workers during COVID-19: Relationship with risk perception and fear in the context of health belief model. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2024; 78:483-494. [PMID: 38240725 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2303995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the extent of fear and risk perception related to COVID-19 and their impact on the psychological well-being of healthcare workers. Data were gathered through an online survey, incorporating questions about risk perception utilizing the health belief model, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire-12. A total of 364 HCWs participated in the survey, with 94% of participants identified as being in the high-risk category for mental disorders based on their General Health Questionnaire scores. The assessment of COVID-19-related risk perception within the Health Belief Model demonstrated significant correlations between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy with both the fear scale and General Health Questionnaire scores. Linear regression was employed to identify factors influencing General Health Questionnaire scores, revealing that risk perception, Fear of COVID-19 scores, marital status, and perceived health were significantly associated with General Health Questionnaire scores. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the psychological well-being of healthcare workers throughout all stages of pandemic preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit I Yavuz
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M İrem Yildiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Y Sari
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysenur B Uçgun
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Hakan Altintas
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hung DV, Thao PN, Lang HN, Thu LT, Tai PT, Toan PQ, Nhat DV, Tien NX, Chi LD, Thuan DD. Mental health impact on patients with COVID-19 in the community under a long period of full lockdown in Vietnam. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231221087. [PMID: 38259217 PMCID: PMC10807321 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231221087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the impact on the mental health of patients with COVID-19 in a centralized isolation facility in the community who experienced a long period of full lockdown during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. METHODS We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study among 125 patients with COVID-19 in a centralized isolation facility in the community of Ho Chi Minh City from September to November 2021. We collected data on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as indicated by scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with COVID-19 was 14.4%, 20.8%, and 20.0%, respectively. Depression scores were significantly and positively correlated with body mass index whereas stress scores were significantly and positively correlated with age. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with COVID-19 who were in a centralized isolation facility during the fourth COVID-19 wave in Vietnam. Overweight and older age were identified as risk factors for adverse mental health in patients with COVID-19. Psychological intervention programs should be implemented in isolation facilities for individuals with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Viet Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Thao
- Department of Functional Diagnosis, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Ngoc Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thu
- Department of Traditional Medicine, 5 Military Hospital, Ninh Binh, Vietnam
| | - Pham The Tai
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quoc Toan
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Van Nhat
- Department of Urology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Duy Chi
- Department of Ultrasound, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Do Duc Thuan
- Department of Stroke, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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5
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Aminoff V, Bobeck J, Hjort S, Sörliden E, Ludvigsson M, Berg M, Andersson G. Tailored internet-based psychological treatment for psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100662. [PMID: 37671335 PMCID: PMC10475474 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic influence mental health in both infected and non-infected populations. In this study we examined if individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) could be an effective treatment for psychological symptoms related to the pandemic. Following recruitment we included 76 participants who were randomized to either a treatment group (n = 37) or a waitlist control group (n = 39). The treatment group received 8 modules (out of 16 possible) during 8 weeks with weekly therapist support. We collected data on symptoms of depression, experienced quality of life, anxiety, stress, anger, insomnia, PTSD, and alcohol use before, after the treatment and at one year follow-up. Using multiple regression analysis, group condition was found to be a statistically significant predictor for a decrease, favoring the treatment group, in symptoms of depression, insomnia, and anger with small to moderate effect sizes. The improvements remained at one year follow-up. Group condition did not significantly predict changing symptoms regarding experienced quality of life, anxiety, stress, PTSD and alcohol use. Findings indicate that ICBT is an effective intervention for some psychological symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for further studies on mechanisms of change and on tailored ICBT for problems associated with crises like the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aminoff
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johanna Bobeck
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Hjort
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elise Sörliden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ludvigsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics in Linköping, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matilda Berg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Polizzi CP, McDonald CW, Sleight FG, Lynn SJ. Resilience, Coping, and the Covid-19 Pandemic Across the Globe - an Update: What Have we Learned? CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:316-326. [PMID: 37791081 PMCID: PMC10544248 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a mass traumatic event that has universally and indiscriminately negatively affected the world. The adverse consequences of the pandemic have globally impacted psychological health and well-being via increased stressors, such as uncertainty, health anxieties, and financial instability. During the initial months of the pandemic, we (Polizzi et al., 2020) identified coping strategies that may be well-suited to address the sequelae of the pandemic. These strategies included behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, and loving-kindness meditation. We argued that these coping skills may foster resilience and recovery during the pandemic by generating a sense of social connection, encouraging meaning-making, and enhancing feelings of control amid uncertainty. Three years later, we update our initial suggestions by providing a narrative review that considers empirical evidence collected during the pandemic to support the utility of the previously identified coping strategies as well as additional strategies. We also discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences among these strategies and how research supports their application across diverse countries and groups. Finally, we conclude by synthesizing the literature within a regulatory flexibility framework that emphasizes flexible skill implementation with respect to sensitivity to context, coping repertoires, and feedback from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Polizzi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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7
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Ross M, Sagrera C, McPherson P, Gurgel Smith D, Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan M, Tinsley M, Goeders N, Patterson J, Murnane K. Use of virtual meeting and survey technology to assess Covid-19-related mental well-being of healthcare workers. ETHICS, MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 26:100860. [PMID: 36467267 PMCID: PMC9701645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Healthcare workers (HCWs) throughout the world have been exposed to economic and existential stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. The American Medical Association (AMA) has documented that increased healthcare burden correlates with increased stress, burnout, and psychological burden in HCWs. However, limits on personnel, time, and in person interactions make it challenging to assess mental health outcomes during a pandemic. This pilot study used virtual technology to efficiently assess these outcomes. Setting Data were collected based on voluntary participation in the Coping with Covid-19 for Caregivers Survey created by AMA. The survey was sent out to approximately 300 participants who included local physicians, medical residents, medical students, and allied health professionals and students who attended a virtual Mental Health Summit. Methods The AMA developed survey included questions about demographics, overall stress, fear of infection and transmission of the virus, perceived anxiety or depression due to Covid-19, work overload, childcare issues, and sense of meaning and purpose. The AMA allows for up to five additional questions to be added to their survey, therefore five questions regarding support service utilization, perseverance, and resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, and two items to further understand students' areas of medical interest. The survey was administered using an online platform through the AMA. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results There were 81 survey respondents. Based on the results of the survey, "high stress" was found in 52 (64%) participants. 66 (81%) were afraid (moderately or to a great extent) of exposure or transmission, 61 (75%) described high levels of anxiety or depression, and 67 (84%) noted work overload. Despite this increase in stress, most respondents (77%) said they were not likely to reduce their devoted hours to clinical care or research in the next 12 months, and 81% answered that they would not leave their practice or research within two years. Conclusion Covid-19 has negatively affected the well-being of HCWs. This is a similar trend seen during other times of healthcare strain. Mental health support, work modulation, and various provisions should be explored as means to reduce Covid-19-related negative impacts. The use of an online summit and online data collection methods were appropriate for collecting data on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. This pilot study supports the larger scale implementation of this technology for health informatics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - C. Sagrera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - P. McPherson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - D. Gurgel Smith
- Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M. Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M.S. Tinsley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N.E. Goeders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J.C. Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - K.S. Murnane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA,Corresponding author at: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, 1501; Kings Highway, PO Box 33932, 71103 Shreveport, LA, USA
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Pozza A, Giangrasso B, Baldo D, Fort A, Millozzi G, Iocca F, Angelo NL, Pugi D, Gualtieri G, Lorenzi L, Gioia F, Bocci Benucci S, Fioravanti G, Coluccia A, Ferretti F, Casale S. Mobile opportunity against stress: Open study protocol on the effectiveness of a mobile platform for stress self-management in the post-pandemic era. Front Psychol 2023; 13:917574. [PMID: 36755986 PMCID: PMC9901297 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile health platforms have shown promise in the management of various mental health conditions (including stress, anxiety, and depression) and cognitive behavioral strategies emerged as a popular and effective option offered by the platforms. This paper presents the protocol of a study aimed to test the effectiveness of a mobile platform that uses cognitive-behavioral strategies for stress self-management in the Tuscany region (Italy). The mobile app is adapted to the specific needs of each vulnerable population for which it is designed: young and older people, healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs. The app will be evaluated on the following outcomes: (i) perceived susceptibility and severity of the pandemic situation, perceived benefits, and costs of preventive health behaviors, (ii) knowledge about Covid-19 preventive behaviors and negative consequences of social distancing, (iii) stress and psychopathological symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms) and cognitive distortions. If successful, we expect that the platform could give various groups clinical benefits by providing symptom self-monitoring and early intervention, consolidating the number of mental health programs available, and decreasing barriers to treatment-seeking. This population-level approach has the potential to improve mental health outcomes in pandemic periods for many people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Giangrasso
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - David Baldo
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ada Fort
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Iocca
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicole Loren Angelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Pugi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Lore Lorenzi
- Santa Maria Alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Gioia
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Bocci Benucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Aslan I, Çınar O. Predictors and prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD among university students during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1087528. [PMID: 36704677 PMCID: PMC9872141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1087528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to find the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD; differences according to demographic variables; and predictors of mental health problems during the second wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Turkey. Differences in exposure to COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the pandemic among students were compared. A total of 754 students from seven universities in different parts of Turkey participated in the survey between November and December 2020. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) scale measuring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to measure the mental well-being of students. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, correlations, and multinomial logistic regression methods were used to analyze the data. The prevalence of high stress, high generalized anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), high depression symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), and high PTSD in the total sample were 84.2, 36.2, 55.0, and 61.2%, respectively. High perceived stress, moderate generalized anxiety disorder, mild depression symptoms, high severity PTSD, and moderate satisfaction were found among students in Turkey. Religiosity and spirituality have significant negative correlations with anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Religiosity level, gender, relationship status, year of study, physical activity, symptoms of coronavirus, death of a close relative, job loss, and economic status are significant parameters for predicting psychological problems of students in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Management Department, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Orhan Çınar
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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10
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Shen J, Sun R, Xu J, Dai Y, Li W, Liu H, Fang X. Patterns and predictors of adolescent life change during the COVID-19 pandemic: a person-centered approach. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:2514-2528. [PMID: 34539155 PMCID: PMC8435363 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated patterns of adolescent life changes across multiple life domains and utilized a holistic-interactionistic perspective to examine their individual, familial, and societal correlates with a sample of 2544 Chinese parent-adolescent dyads. Adolescents were aged from 10 to 19 years old (50.16% girls). Latent profile analysis revealed five life change profiles, including three improved profiles at various degrees, one unchanged profile, and one worsened profile. The majority of adolescents had an improved or unchanged life. Multinomial logistic regression analyses found that most of the individual, familial, and societal factors predicted the group memberships. Notably, parent-adolescent conflict was a significant factor that predicted memberships of all patterns. These findings show the resilience of adolescents and indicate the need for policies and interventions that consider the holistic nature of adolescents' person-context system, especially during a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixi Sun
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Dai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
- Research Center for High School Student Developmental Guidance, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875 China
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11
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Chi D, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Xu G, Bian G. The effectiveness and associated factors of online psychotherapy on COVID-19 related distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1045400. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveA quantitative synthesis of online psychotherapies' effectiveness in managing COVID-19 related distress is lacking. This study aimed to estimate online psychological interventions' effectiveness and associated factors on COVID-19 related psychological distress.MethodsMulti-databases including PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Cochrane were searched repeatedly till the end of June 2022. Hand-picking was also utilized for relevant papers. Depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of sleep were evaluated as outcomes. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Data analyses were conducted through Review Manager (version 5.4.1).ResultsA total of 13 studies involving 1,897 participants were included for meta-analysis. Results showed that online psychotherapy significantly reduced the levels of depression [standard mean difference, SMD = −0.45, 95% CI (−0.69, −0.20)], anxiety [SMD = −0.67, 95% CI (−0.99, −0.36)], and stress [SMD = −0.73, 95% CI (−1.11, −0.34)], but not quality of sleep [SMD = −0.53, 95% CI (−1.23, 0.17)]. In addition, guided therapies were more effective than self-help ones on reducing levels of anxiety (χ2 = 5.58, p = 0.02, and I2 = 82.1%), and ≤ 2 weeks' daily interventions were more effective on treating depression than 2-month weekly interventions (χ2 = 7.97, p = 0.005, I2 = 87.5%).ConclusionOnline psychological interventions effectively reduced COVID-19 related depression, anxiety, and stress levels, and the effectiveness was influenced by settings like guidance and duration and frequency.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-7-0081/, identifier: INPLASY202270081.
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12
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Zamiri-Miandoab N, Hassanzade R, Mirghafourvand M. The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:40. [PMID: 36210446 PMCID: PMC9548338 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of coronavirus has caused many physical and mental health problems throughout the world. Depression and anxiety are among the issues that people are experiencing abundantly, along with other mental health disorders, during this period. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one of the approaches that is effective on improving most of the psychological issues including depression and anxiety. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of CBT on depression and anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS English databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Persian databases such as SID, MagIran and IranDoc were searched with a time limit of 2019 to 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the entered studies based on Cochrane handbook. Subgroup analysis was conducted separately on the basis of being infected with coronavirus, not being infected with coronavirus, and having a history of depression or anxiety before the intervention and internet-based CBT for depression and anxiety. Meta-analysis results were reported using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity of studies was analyzed by means of I2 index; and in the case of heterogeneity presence, random effects model was used instead of fixed effects model. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used for evaluating the quality of evidence. RESULTS Totally, 2015 articles were analyzed of which 11 articles entered meta-analysis. The overall results of meta-analysis showed that mean score of anxiety in the group receiving CBT was significantly lower than the control group (SMD: - 0.95, 95% CI - 1.29 to - 0.62; P < 0.00001, I2 = 94%). In addition, mean score of depression in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (SMD: - 0.58; 95% CI - 1.00 to - 0.16, P < 0.00001, I2 = 94%). In addition, the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that internet-based CBT was effective in reducing of depression (SMD - 0.35; 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.20; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and anxiety (SMD - 0.90; 95%CI - 1.47 to - 0.33; P = 0.002; I2 = 94%). The evidence about the effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety compared with control group on the basis of GRADE approach had low quality. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis results showed that CBT reduced the mean scores of anxiety and depression significantly during COVID-19 pandemic period. Due to the low quality of evidence, conducting more randomized controlled trials with rigorous design is suggested. Prospero registration This systematic review has been registered in Prospero (ID: CRD42021277213).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Zamiri-Miandoab
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Robab Hassanzade
- Department of Midwifery, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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13
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Lee GE, Kim JW, Lee KR, Hong DY, Park SO, Kim SY, Baek KJ, Jeon HJ. Vulnerable individuals and changes in suicidal behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e166. [PMID: 36073010 PMCID: PMC9464507 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major threat to mental health and is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An understanding of suicidal behaviours during the pandemic is necessary for establishing policies to prevent suicides in such social conditions. AIMS We aimed to investigate vulnerable individuals and the characteristics of changes in suicidal behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with suicide attempts who visited the emergency department from February 2019 to January 2021. We analysed the demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors and rescue factors of patients, and compared the findings between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. RESULTS In total, 519 patients were included. During the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, 303 and 270 patients visited the emergency department after a suicide attempt, respectively. The proportion of suicide attempts by women (60.1% v. 69.3%, P = 0.035) and patients with a previous psychiatric illness (63.4% v. 72.9%, P = 0.006) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, patients' rescue scores during the pandemic were lower than those during the pre-pandemic period (12 (interquartile range: 11-13) v. 13 (interquartile range: 12-14), P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women and people with previous psychiatric illnesses were more vulnerable to suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suicide prevention policies, such as continuous monitoring and staying in touch with vulnerable individuals, are necessary to cope with suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Eun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ryong Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang O Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Je Baek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
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14
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Eraydin C, Alpar SE. The effect of laughter therapy on nursing students' anxiety, satisfaction with life, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Randomized controlled study. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 9:173-179. [PMID: 35782290 PMCID: PMC9232266 DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Managing the COVID-19 pandemic in people with mental disorders: An exploratory telephone interview study in a psychiatric outpatient department. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152313. [PMID: 35429763 PMCID: PMC8993418 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures reduced well-being in the general population significantly and led to an increase in anxiety and depression symptoms, however, results on the impact on people with mental disorders are heterogeneous to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health status, social support, perceived stress, and the medical care provision of people with mental disorders during the time period immediately after the first COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020 in Germany. METHODS Participants were people with mental disorders currently receiving treatment in the psychiatric outpatient department of the University Hospital Leipzig, Germany. Structured telephone interviews were administered to assess depressive symptoms, self-rated medical care provision, attitudes and social and emotional aspects of the pandemic (social support, perceived stress, loneliness, resilience, and agreeableness). RESULTS A total of N = 106 people completed the telephone interview. The most frequent clinician-rated diagnoses were attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD; n = 29, 27.4%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 24, 22.6%). The mean Patient Health Questionnaire-9 sum score was 10.91 (SD = 5.71) and the majority of participants (n = 56, 52.8%) reported clinically relevant depressive symptoms. A low self-rated medical care provision was significantly associated with higher depressive symptom load. In a regression analysis, higher perceived stress levels and low medical care provision significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Furthermore, 38.1% (n = 40) reported to feel relieved as a result of the restrictions and, due to previous experience in dealing with crisis, half of the participants (n = 53, 50.5%) stated they were better able to deal with the current situation than the general population. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the importance of maintenance of medical care provision for people with mental disorders, as cancelled or postponed treatment appointments and perceived stress were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Regular treatment services showed to have a protective effect. In addition, a majority of people with mental disorders felt prepared for managing the COVID pandemic due to existing crisis management abilities. These resources should also be taken into account for further future treatment considerations. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00022071).
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Efficacy of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety among Global Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071224. [PMID: 35885751 PMCID: PMC9315502 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and anxiety have become the most common mental health disorders worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, and increasing interest in telemedicine has led to the innovation of using internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT). Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iCBT for depression and anxiety among the global population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, Wiley, and Web of Science using the PRISMA framework, and only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the study. A critical appraisal was also performed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias (RoB) 2. The meta-analysis used random-effects models to analyze pooled mean difference (MD) and its p-value. Results: Twelve RCTs were included for qualitative analysis and nine RCTs, which yielded 6778 patients with depression and 6556 patients with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, were included for quantitative analysis. Despite high heterogeneity, all studies had a low risk of bias. Pre- and post-iCBT intervention in the depression forest plot depicts a significant effect (p < 0.00001) with a pooled MD of 4.73 (95% CI: 4.55−4.90), while the pre- and post-iCBT intervention depicts a significant effect (p < 0.00001) with a pooled MD of 4.50 (95% CI: 4.34−4.67). This demonstrates that iCBT was found to significantly decrease depression and anxiety scores in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, substantial heterogeneity was also found (I2 = 93%; p < 0.00001 and I2 = 90%) for the pre-/post-depression and anxiety forest plots, respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis comprises an evidence-based result for iCBT to treat depression and anxiety in the COVID-19 population, as indicated by the significantly lower assessment scores. Delivering iCBT in this situation needs to be considered more extensively, as it has promising results and yields the benefits of technological advancement in psychotherapy.
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Brog NA, Hegy JK, Berger T, Znoj H. Age, Motivation, and Emotion Regulation Skills Predict Treatment Outcome in an Internet-Based Self-Help Intervention for COVID-19 Related Psychological Distress. Front Public Health 2022; 10:835356. [PMID: 35757638 PMCID: PMC9218094 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.835356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction First evidence suggests that internet-based self-help interventions effectively reduce COVID-19 related psychological distress. However, it is yet unclear which participant characteristics are associated with better treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted secondary analyses on data from a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of a 3-week internet-based self-help intervention for COVID-19 related psychological distress. In this exploratory analysis, we examined several predictors ranging from sociodemographic variables to psychological distress, resource-related, and treatment-related variables. This includes, for example, age, motivation, and emotion regulation skills. Treatment outcomes were defined as post-treatment depressive symptoms and post-treatment resilience. Methods In a total of 107 participants with at least mild depressive symptoms, possible predictor variables and treatment outcomes were assessed using self-report measures. For example, emotion regulation skills were assessed by the Self-report measure for the assessment of emotion regulation skills. In a first step, we performed a separate linear regression analysis for each potential predictor. In a second step, predictors meeting a significant threshold of p < 0.05 were entered in linear multiple regression models. Baseline scores of the respective outcome measure were controlled for. Results The mean age of the participants was 40.36 years (SD = 14.59, range = 18–81 years) with the majority being female (n = 87, 81.3%). Younger age predicted lower post-treatment depressive symptoms. Additionally, higher motivation to use the intervention and better pre-treatment emotion regulation skills predicted higher post-treatment resilience. Conclusion The current study provides preliminary evidence regarding the relationship between participant characteristics and treatment outcome in internet-based self-help interventions for COVID-19 related distress. Our results suggest that under the circumstances surrounding COVID-19 such interventions might be particularly beneficial for young adults regarding depressive symptoms. Moreover, focusing on participants' existing strengths might be a promising approach to promote resilience through internet-based self-help interventions. However, since this was an exploratory analysis in an uncontrolled setting, further studies are needed to draw firm conclusions about the relationship of participant characteristics and treatment outcome in internet-based self-help interventions for COVID-19 related psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Anja Brog
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Katharina Hegy
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Effect of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia in convalescent patients with COVID-19: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269882. [PMID: 35700174 PMCID: PMC9197064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made a serious public health threat worldwide. Recent evidence has indicated that COVID-19 patients in convalescence frequently experience insomnia, which reduces their quality of life and causes unknown risks. The positive effect of cognitive behavior on insomnia has been well addressed in previous studies. Given the high infectivity and epidemicity of COVID-19, Internet-delivered intervention may be safer than face-to-face treatment. However, whether Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy can effectively improve the insomnia of COVID-19 patients in convalescence has not been completely determined yet. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the effects of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia in COVID-19 patients in convalescence, with the aim to confer some guidance for its clinical application. Methods and analysis This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Two researchers will retrieve the relevant literature on Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in convalescent patients with COVID-19 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials gov, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to 11th of December. In addition, we will review the relevant trials and references of the included literature and manually searched the grey literature. The two researchers will independently extracted data and information and evaluated the quality of the included literature. The Review Manager software (version 5.3) and Stata software (version 14.0) will be used for data analysis. The mean difference or the standardized mean difference of 95% CI will be used to calculate continuous variables to synthesize the data. In addition, I2 and Cochrane will be used for heterogeneity assessment. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42021271278.
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19
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Villanti AC, LePine SE, Peasley-Miklus C, West JC, Roemhildt M, Williams R, Copeland WE. COVID-related distress, mental health, and substance use in adolescents and young adults. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:138-145. [PMID: 35253363 PMCID: PMC9018497 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the impact of COVID-related disruptions on mental health and substance use in young people residing in a state with an initially lower COVID burden and earlier reopening of in-person learning than other states. METHODS Data come from Waves 3 (Fall 2019) and 4 (Fall 2020) of the Policy and Communication Evaluation (PACE) Vermont, an online cohort study of adolescents (ages 12-17) and young adults (ages 18-25). Participants in Wave 4 (212 adolescents; 662 young adults) completed items on COVID-related stressors, the impact of the pandemic on their substance use, brief mental health scales, and past 30-day substance use. Analyses examined correlational and longitudinal relationships between COVID-related stressors, mental health symptoms, and substance use. RESULTS More than 60% of participants noted negative effects of the pandemic on their physical, emotional, and social well-being, with greater impacts of COVID-related stressors in young adults than adolescents. There were significant increases in depressive (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.10, 1.64) in young adults between Fall 2019 and Fall 2020. Higher overall COVID Impact scores were associated with higher odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as past 30-day electronic vapor product use, in adjusted cross-sectional and longitudinal models. CONCLUSIONS Robust associations between COVID-related distress, mental health, and substance use outcomes in young people signal the opportunity to increase evidence-based interventions while adding novel approaches to minimize longer-term harms of the pandemic on mental health in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Villanti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Elisha LePine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Julia C West
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maria Roemhildt
- Health Surveillance, Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rhonda Williams
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
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Mohapatra S, Ayash Kumar P, Farooq U, Jain P, khan R, Hasan N, Shamim A, Javed Ansari M, Alalaiwe AS, Aldawsari MF, Aamir Mirza M, Iqbal Z. COVID 19 pandemic challenges and their management: A review of medicines, vaccines, patents and clinical trials with emphasis on psychological health issues. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:879-905. [PMID: 35645588 PMCID: PMC9128298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID 19) paroxysm is a dominant health exigency that caused significant distress, affecting physical and mental health. Increased mortality, a stressed healthcare system, financial crisis, isolation, and new living and working styles enhanced societal commiseration leading to poor health outcomes. Though people try to maintain good physical health but unfortunately the mental affliction is still ignored. Poor psychological health has emerged as a burgeoning social issue and demands attention. Henceforth, the fundamental objective of this review article is to collate information about COVID-linked physical and psychological agony in diverse population groups with related symptoms and accessible diagnosis techniques. Recent studies have unraveled the fragile mental states of people who have either contracted COVID 19 or had near and dear ones falling prey to it. The impact of the epidemic on the human mind both in short and long-term, with possible risk and preventive factors together with suggested solutions for maintaining good health have also been discussed here. It also enlists the available medications, vaccines and investigational research in the form of patents and clinical trials. This article can be taken as an updated information sheet for COVID 19, accompanied by its management techniques with special emphasis on coping strategies for mental health. Further, it may also assist the policymakers to devise approaches that could enable the public to overcome the pandemic-driven adversity not only in the given situation but also futuristically.
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Imamura K, Sasaki N, Sekiya Y, Watanabe K, Sakuraya A, Matsuyama Y, Nishi D, Kawakami N. The Effect of the Imacoco Care Psychoeducation Website on Improving Psychological Distress Among Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33883. [PMID: 35133972 PMCID: PMC8949678 DOI: 10.2196/33883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health among workers. Psychoeducational intervention via a website could be effective for primary prevention of mental illness among workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effect of a newly developed online psychoeducational website named Imacoco Care on reducing psychological distress and fear about COVID-19 infection among workers. METHODS Participants in the study were recruited from registered members of a web survey company in Japan. Participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group were invited to access the Imacoco Care program within a month after the baseline survey. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) scores were obtained at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. RESULTS A total of 1200 workers were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups (n=600 [50%] per group). The Imacoco Care intervention group showed a significant favorable effect on K6 scores (P=.03) with a small effect size (ES; Cohen d=-0.14) and an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores (P=.01) with a small ES (Cohen d=0.16) at 3-month follow-up. In the per protocol analysis (including only participants who had read the Imacoco Care content at least 1 time), the Imacoco Care intervention group also showed a significant favorable effect on reducing K6 scores (P=.03), while an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores was not significant (P=.06) in the intervention group at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A web-based psychoeducation approach may be effective for improving psychological distress among workers; however, it may be important not only to distribute information but also to encourage active engagement with the content of the program to prevent adverse effects of psychoeducational intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000042556; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekiya
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakuraya
- Division of Public Health, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Brog NA, Hegy JK, Berger T, Znoj H. Effects of an internet-based self-help intervention for psychological distress due to COVID-19: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2022; 27:100492. [PMID: 34956841 PMCID: PMC8684052 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and its far-reaching impact on physical and mental health generate high demand and, accordingly, a great need for treatment opportunities that promote well-being and manage psychological distress. Internet-based interventions are particularly suitable for this purpose. They are easily scalable, readily accessible, and the online format allows for adherence to social distancing. For this reason, we developed an internet-based self-help intervention called ROCO to address psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the efficacy of the ROCO intervention. METHODS A total of 107 German-speaking adults with at least mild depressive symptoms were randomized either to the intervention group with direct access to the three-week ROCO intervention plus care as usual or the waiting control group receiving care as usual. Primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (stress, anxiety, resilience, emotion regulation, health-related quality of life, embitterment, loneliness, optimism, and self-efficacy) were assessed pre- and post-treatment and at a 6-week follow-up using self-report questionnaires (e.g. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depressive symptoms). RESULTS The average age was 40.36 years (SD = 14.59) and 81.3% of participants were female. The intervention did not significantly reduce primary depressive symptoms (between-group effect size: d = 0.04) and secondary outcomes such as anxiety and stress symptoms (between-group effect size: d = -0.19). However, the intervention led to a significant increase in emotion regulation skills (between-group effect size d = 0.35) and resilience (between-group effect size d = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS The internet-based self-help intervention cannot be recommended for the purpose of reducing depressive symptoms. However, the increase in emotion regulation skills and resilience suggest that the intervention may be suitable for preventive purposes, like improving overall coping with psychological distress or potential stressors. Future research is needed to examine for whom and how the intervention is most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Anja Brog
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Katharina Hegy
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Lattie EG, Stiles-Shields C, Graham AK. An overview of and recommendations for more accessible digital mental health services. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 1:87-100. [PMID: 38515434 PMCID: PMC10956902 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-021-00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Mental health concerns are common, and various evidence-based interventions for mental health conditions have been developed. However, many people have difficulty accessing appropriate mental health care and this has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital mental health services, such as those delivered by mobile phone or web-based platforms, offer the possibility of expanding the reach and accessibility of mental health care. To achieve this goal, digital mental health interventions and plans for their implementation must be designed with the end users in mind. In this Review, we describe the evidence base for digital mental health interventions across various diagnoses and treatment targets. Then, we explain the different formats for digital mental health intervention delivery, and offer considerations for their use across key age groups. We discuss the role that the COVID-19 pandemic has played in emphasizing the value of these interventions, and offer considerations for ensuring equity in access to digital mental health interventions among diverse populations. As healthcare providers continue to embrace the role that technology can play in broadening access to care, the design and implementation of digital mental healthcare solutions must be carefully considered to maximize their effectiveness and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Lattie
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Faustino B, Vasco AB, Delgado J, Farinha-Fernandes A, Guerreiro JC. Early maladaptive schemas and COVID-19 anxiety: The mediational role of mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1297-1308. [PMID: 34989057 PMCID: PMC9015275 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Early maladaptive schemas (EMS), as lifelong psychological structures, tend to be associated with psychopathological symptomatology. Previous research has suggested that schemas act as psychological vulnerabilities to stressful life situations, such as the present worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic. In this context, anxiety and psychological distress have been documented as two of the main psychological symptoms associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the associations between specific EMS and COVID‐19 anxiety remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships between EMS, COVID‐19 anxiety as well as other mental health variables such as psychological well‐being, distress and life satisfaction. Methods In a cross‐sectional design, 249 individuals (M = 34.2, SD = 12.0) completed several self‐report measures. Results EMS from different schematic domains were positively associated with COVID‐19 anxiety and psychological distress and negatively associated with psychological well‐being and life satisfaction. An EMS hierarchical regression model predicted COVID‐19 anxiety. Mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness mediated the relationships between COVID‐19 anxiety, psychological distress and life satisfaction. Conclusions According to these results, mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness can act as underlying variables for the decrease in mental health associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculdade de Psicologia da, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - João Delgado
- Faculdade de Psicologia da, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Bureau R, Bemmouna D, Faria CGF, Goethals AAC, Douhet F, Mengin AC, Fritsch A, Zinetti Bertschy A, Frey I, Weiner L. My Health Too: Investigating the Feasibility and the Acceptability of an Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Program Developed for Healthcare Workers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:760678. [PMID: 34925163 PMCID: PMC8677821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 crisis has had a considerable mental health impact on healthcare workers. High levels of psychological distress are expected to have a significant impact on healthcare systems, warranting the need for evidence-based psychological interventions targeting stress and fostering resilience in this population. Online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proved to be effective in targeting stress and promoting resilience. However, online CBT programs targeting stress in healthcare workers are lacking. Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an internet-based CBT intervention, the My Health Too program we developed during the first COVID-19 epidemic peak in France. Methods: We recruited 10 participants among Alsace region hospital staff during the first peak of the pandemic in France. They were given 1 week to test the website and were then asked to answer an internet survey and a semi-structured phone interview. Results: We conducted a thematic analysis of the content from the phone interviews. Major themes were identified, discussed and coded: the technical aspects, the content of the website and its impact on participants' emotions and everyday life. Overall, the participants reported finding the website easy to use and interactive. They described the resources as easy to understand, readily usable, and useful in inducing calm and in helping them practice self-compassion. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the My Health Too online CBT program is highly feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers during the highly stressful times of the pandemic peak. The feedback provided helped to improve the program whose efficacy is to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Bureau
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Doha Bemmouna
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Anne-Aline Catteau Goethals
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Floriane Douhet
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Aurélie Fritsch
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Isabelle Frey
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luisa Weiner
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Benzouak T, Gunpat S, Briner EL, Thake J, Kisely S, Rao S. COVID-19-Related Concerns and Symptoms of Anxiety: Does Concern Play a Role in Predicting Severity and Risk? Cureus 2021; 13:e19999. [PMID: 34987892 PMCID: PMC8716117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rates of anxiety have increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, partially attributable to the experience of COVID-19 related concerns. It remains pivotal to determine the implications of such concerns on the severity of anxiety as they may represent opportune targets for public health preventative or therapeutic efforts. The current study evaluated COVID-19 related concerns as predictors of anxiety symptom severity. It also assessed the relative risk associated with sub-types of COVID-19 concerns, the role of age, sex, and minority status as potential moderators; and the unique contribution of COVID-19 concerns beyond sociodemographics, perceived stress, and self-reported general mental health. Methods The data source was obtained from the publicly available "Crowdsourcing: Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians-Your Mental Health survey" conducted by Statistics Canada. Participants were Canadians aged 15 and older living in ten provinces or three territories. Only participants that completed the self-reported sociodemographics, COVID-19 concerns, and general anxiety symptoms measures were included (n = 44549). Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate continuous reports of anxiety symptoms, and the relative risk of meeting anxiety cut-off levels was determined using chi-square non-parametric testing. Results Within the sample, 29.1% met cut-off levels of anxiety. Levels of coping and security (R2 = 0.205, p < 0.001), distal (R2 = 0.043, p < 0.001), and proximal concerns (R2 = 0.122, p < 0.001) were found to predict the severity of anxiety experiences, which was determined to be robust to statistical control for sociodemographics, perceived stress and self-reported general mental health (ΔR2 = 0.0625, p < 0.001). Minority status and sex were significant moderating variables, although the interaction accounted for less than 0.1% of the observed variance. Family stress from confinement, support during and after the crisis and personal health concerns significantly predicted more than a 200% increase in the risk of meeting anxiety cut-off levels. Conclusion The current study represents a novel examination of COVID-19-related concerns as risk factors for the experience of anxiety amongst a sizeable Canadian cohort. Coping and security-related concerns represented robust predictors of anxiety symptom experiences. Participants who experienced concerns relating to their proximal social groups were two times more at risk for meeting cut-off anxiety levels than individuals without such concerns. Longitudinal and evidence synthesis remains essential for identifying therapeutic targets and developing pandemic-related public health prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Benzouak
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, CAN
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CAN
| | - Sasha Gunpat
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, CAN
| | | | - Jennifer Thake
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, CAN
| | - Steve Kisely
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, AUS
- Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, CAN
| | - Sanjay Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CAN
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27
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Jackson M, Lee Williams J. COVID-19 mitigation policies and psychological distress in young adults. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 2:100027. [PMID: 34608462 PMCID: PMC8482549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an unusually high proportion of the population suffering from mental health difficulties, but of particular concern is the disproportionate increase in psychological distress among younger adults. In this article, we exploit an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design to examine which aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic 18-25-year-olds found most challenging. We report analyses of American Voices Project (AVP) qualitative in-depth interview data, a MyVoice text-message open-ended survey, and Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey (HPS) data, all collected in 2020. Our interview and text-message results show that young adults were distressed about the effects of COVID-19 on the health of loved ones and older Americans. Young adults expressed concerns that the pandemic was not being treated sufficiently seriously by some politicians and the general public. The policy response was seen to be inadequate to the task of containing the disease, and some feared that the pandemic would never end. Statistical analyses of the HPS confirm that young adults' scores on the HPS's anxiety scale were significantly negatively associated with state-level policy responses. Overall, our results show that young adults found virus mitigation strategies challenging, but that a strong policy response was associated with reduced levels of psychological distress. Our results suggest that public health policy might have also operated as mental health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jackson
- Department of Sociology, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joanna Lee Williams
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
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